--- title: "Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible · Volume 1: Genesis to Jeremiah" author: "Adam Clarke" languages: [en] shelf: "Commentaries" section: 132 of 914 url: https://scriptura.si/works/adam-clarke-commentary-volume-1-genesis-to-jeremiah/132/ cite: "Adam Clarke, Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible · Volume 1: Genesis to Jeremiah, section 132. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/adam-clarke-commentary-volume-1-genesis-to-jeremiah/132/" --- # Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible · Volume 1: Genesis to Jeremiah *Adam Clarke* Clarke's learned notes on the Hebrew and Greek, verse by verse, from Genesis to Revelation: volume 1 of 2. ## 132. Leviticus · 8 of 27 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/adam-clarke-commentary-volume-1-genesis-to-jeremiah/132/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/adam-clarke-commentary-volume-1-genesis-to-jeremiah/132/#p-N [¶0] 21. תרומה Terumah, Heave-offering, from רם ram, to lift up, because the offering was lifted up towards heaven, as the wave - offering, in token of the kindness of God in granting rain and fruitful seasons, and filling the heart with food and gladness. As the wave-offering was moved from right to left, so the heave-offering was moved up and down; and in both cases this was done several times. These offerings had a blessed tendency to keep alive in the breasts of the people a due sense of their dependence on the Divine providence and bounty, and of their obligation to God for his continual and liberal supply of all their wants. See Clarke's note on [Exo 29:27]. [¶1] In the above collection are comprised, as far as I can recollect, an explanation of all the terms used in the Hebrew Scriptures which signify sacrifice, oblation, atonement, offering, etc., etc., as well as the reference they bear to the great and only sufficient atonement, sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction made by Christ Jesus for the sins of mankind. Larger accounts must be sought in authors who treat professedly on these subjects. ### Introduction [¶3] Moses is commanded to consecrate Aaron and his sons, [Lev 8:1-3]. Moses convenes the congregation; washes, clothes, and anoints Aaron, [Lev 8:4-12]. He also clothes Aaron's sons, [Lev 8:13]. Offers a bullock for them as a sin-offering, [Lev 8:14-17]. And a ram for a burnt-offering, [Lev 8:18-21]. And another ram for a consecration-offering, [Lev 8:22-24]. The fat, with cakes of unleavened bread, and the right shoulder of the ram, he offers as a wave-offering, and afterwards burns, [Lev 8:25-28]. The breast, which was the part of Moses, he also waves, [Lev 8:29]. And sprinkles oil and blood upon Aaron and his sons, [Lev 8:30]. The flesh of the consecration ram is to be boiled and eaten at the door of the tabernacle, [Lev 8:31], [Lev 8:32]. Moses commands Aaron and his sons to abide seven days at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, which they do accordingly, [Lev 8:33-36]. ### Verse 2 [¶5] Take Aaron and his sons - The whole subject of this chapter has been anticipated in the notes, [Exo 28:1] (note), etc., and [Exo 29:1] (note), etc., in which all the sacrifices, rites, and ceremonies have been explained in considerable detail; and to those notes the reader is referred. It is only necessary to observe that Aaron and his sons were not anointed until now. Before, the thing was commanded; now, first performed. ### Verse 8 [¶7] He put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim - The Urim and Thummim are here supposed to be something different from the breastplate itself. See Clarke's note on [Exo 28:15], See Clarke's note on [Exo 28:16], See Clarke's note on [Exo 28:30]. ### Verse 9 [¶9] And he put the mitre - See Clarke's note on [Exo 28:36]. ### Verse 14 [¶11] The bullock for the sin-offering - This was offered each day during the seven days of consecration. See [Exo 29:36]. ### Verse 23 [¶13] Put it upon the tip of Aaron's right ear, etc. - See this significant ceremony explained in the note on [Exo 29:20] (note). Calmet remarks that the consecration of the high priest among the Romans bore a considerable resemblance to the consecration of the Jewish high priest. "The Roman priest, clothed with a garment of silk, his head covered with a crown of gold adorned with sacred ribbons, was conducted into a subterranean place, over which there was a floor of planks pierced through with many holes. On this floor they sacrificed a bullock, whose blood was freely poured out on the planks or floor, which running through the holes fell upon the priest, who stood under to receive this sacred aspersion, and who, in order to be completely covered with the blood, took care to present the whole of his body, his clothes, face, eyes, nose, lips, and even his tongue, to receive the drops of blood falling through the pierced floor above. Being completely covered with this sanguineous shower, he ascended from his subterranean place, and was acknowledged and adored by the people as Pontifex Maximus, or supreme high priest." These rites, which bear a striking allusion to those used in the consecration of Aaron, and from which they were probably borrowed, and disguised by the introduction of their own superstitions, are particularly described by Aurelius Prudentius, in his poem entitled Romani Martyris Supplicium, from which I shall select those verses, the subject of which is given above, as the passage is curious, and the work not common. "Summus sacerdos nempe sub terram scrobe [¶14] Acta in profundum consecrandus mergitur, [¶15] Mire infulatus, festa vittis tempora [¶16] Nectens, corona tum repexus aurea, [¶17] Cinctu Gabino sericam fultus togam. [¶18] Tabulis superne strata texunt pulpita, [¶19] Rimosa rari pegmatis compagibus, [¶20] Scindunt subinde vel terebrant aream, [¶21] Crebroque lignum perforant acumine, [¶22] Pateat minutis ut frequens hiatibus - [¶23] Hic ut statuta est immolanda bellua, [¶24] Pectus sacrata dividunt venabulo, [¶25] Eructat amplum volnus undam sanguinis - etc. [¶26] Tum per frequentes mille rimarum vias [¶27] Illapsus imber, tabidum rorem pluit, [¶28] Defossus intus quem sacerdos excipit, [¶29] Guttas ad omnes turpe subjectans caput, [¶30] Et veste et omni putrefactus corpore: [¶31] Quin os supinat, obvias offert genas [¶32] Supponit aures, labra, nares objicit, [¶33] Oculos et ipsos perluit liquoribus, [¶34] Nec jam palato parcit, et linguam rigat, [¶35] Donec cruorem totus atrum combibat - [¶36] Procedit inde pontifex vlsu horridus - etc. [¶37] Omnes salutant atque adorant eminus, [¶38] Vilis quod illum sanguls, et bos mortuus [¶39] Foedis latentem sub cavernis laverint." [¶40] Of these lines the reader will not be displeased to find the following poetical version: - "For when, with sacred pomp and solemn state, [¶41] Their great high priest the Romans consecrate, [¶42] His silken vest in Gabine cincture bound, [¶43] A festal fillet twines his temples round: [¶44] And, while aloft the gorgeous mitre shines,