Verse 3
The children of Parosh - Where the word children is found in this table, prefixed to the name of a man, it signifies the descendants of that person, as from Ezra 2:3-21. Where it is found prefixed to a place, town, etc., it signifies the inhabitants of that place, as from [Ezr 2:21-35].
Verse 21
The children of Beth-lehem - The inhabitants: see before.
Verse 33
The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono - These were cities in the tribe of Benjamin; see on [1Chr 8:12] (note).
Verse 36
The priests - The preceding list takes in the census of Judah and Benjamin.
Verse 55
The children of Solomon's servants - The Nethinim, and others appointed to do the meaner services of the holy house.
Verse 63
The Tirshatha - This is generally supposed to be Nehemiah, or the person who was the commandant; see [Neh 8:9]; [Neh 10:1], for the word appears to be the name of an office. The Vulgate and Septuagint write it Atershatha, the Syriac and Arabic render it the princes of Judah. Some suppose the word to be Persian, but nothing like it of the same import occurs in that language at present. If, as Castel supposed, it signifies austerity, or that fear which is unpressed by the authority of a governor, it may come from ters, Fear, or tersh, Acid, the former from tarsidan, to Fear or Dread.
Should not eat of the most holy things - There was a high priest then, but no Urim and Thummim, these having been lost in the captivity.
Verse 66
Their horses - seven hundred, etc. - They went into captivity, stripped of every thing; they now return from it, abounding in the most substantial riches, viz., horses 736, or, according to Esdras, 7036; mules, 245; camels, 435; asses, 6720; besides gold, and silver, and rich stuffs. See below.
Verse 69
Threescore and one thousand drams of gold - דרכמונים darkemonim, drakmons or darics; a Persian coin, always of gold, and worth about 1. 5s., not less than 76,250 sterling in gold.
Five thousand pounds of silver - מנים manim, manehs or minas. As a weight, the maneh was 100 shekels; as a coin, 60 shekels in value, or about 9.; 5000 of these manehs therefore will amount to 45,000, making in the whole a sum of about 120,000; and in this are not included the 100 garments for priests.
Thus we find that God, in the midst of judgment, remembered mercy, and gave them favor in the land of their captivity.
Verse 70
Dwelt in their cities - They all went to those cities which belonged originally to their respective families.
Introduction
The altar of burnt-offerings is set up, [Ezr 3:1-3]. They keep the feast of tabernacles, [Ezr 3:4-6]. They make provision for rebuilding the temple; and lay its foundation in the second month of the second year, [Ezr 3:7], [Ezr 3:8]. Ceremonies observed in laying the foundation, [Ezr 3:9-11]. Some weep aloud, and others shout for joy, [Ezr 3:12-13].
Verse 1
When the seventh month was come - The month Tisri, which answers to the latter part of our September, and beginning of October. It seems that the Israelites had left Babylon about the spring of the year; that on their arrival at Jerusalem they constructed themselves huts and sheds to lodge in among the ruins, in which they must have spent some months. After this they rebuilt the altar of burnt-offerings, and kept the feast of tabernacles, which happened about this time, and continued to offer sacrifices regularly, as if the temple were standing.
Verse 2
Jeshua the son of Jozadak - He was grandson of Seraiah the high priest, who was put to death by Nebuchadnezzar, [2Kgs 25:18], [2Kgs 25:21]. This Jeshua or Joshua was the first high priest after the captivity.
Verse 3
They set the altar upon his bases - Rebuilt it on the same spot on which it had formerly stood. As it was necessary to keep up the Divine worship during the time they should be employed in re-edifying the temple, they first reared this altar of burnt-offerings; and all this they did, "though fear was upon them," because of the unfriendly disposition of their surrounding neighbors.
Verse 4
They kept also the feast of tabernacles, as it is written - This began on the fifteenth day of the seventh month; but they had begun the regular offerings from the first day of this month, [Ezr 3:6]. And these were religiously continued all the time they were building the temple.
Verse 7
They gave money also - They copied the conduct of Solomon while he was building his temple; see [1Kgs 5:11]. He employed the Tyrians, gave them meat and drink, etc.; and this permission they now had from Cyrus.
Verse 8
In the second year - The previous time had been employed in clearing the ground, felling timber, hewing stones, and transporting them to the place, and making other necessary preparations for the commencement of the building.
Verse 10
After the ordinance of David - With psalms which he composed, acting in the manner which he directed.
Verse 12
Wept with a loud voice - They saw that the glory had departed from Israel; in their circumstances it was impossible to build such a house as the first temple was; and had this been even possible, still it would have been greatly inferior, because it wanted the ark of the covenant, the heavenly fire, the mercy-seat, the heavenly manna, Aaron's rod that budded, the Divine shechinah, the spirit of prophecy, and most probably the Urim and Thummim.
Many shouted for joy - Finding they were now restored to their own land, and to the worship of their God in his own peculiar city: these, in general, had not seen the original temple; and therefore could not feel affected in that way which the elderly people did.
The sight must have been very affecting: a whole people, one part crying aloud with sorrow; the other shouting aloud for joy; and on the same occasion too, in which both sides felt an equal interest! The prophet Haggai comforted them on this occasion by assuring them that the glory of this latter house should exceed that of the former, because the Lord (Jesus Christ) was to come to this temple, and fill it with his glory. See Haggai, [Hag 2:1-9].
Introduction
The Samaritans endeavor to prevent the rebuilding of the temple, [Ezr 4:1-5]. They send letters to Artaxerxes, against the Jews, [Ezr 4:6-9]. A copy of the letter, [Ezr 4:10-16]. He commands the Jews to cease from building the temple, which they do; nor was any thing farther done in the work till the second year of Darius, [Ezr 4:17-24].
Verse 1
Now when the adversaries - These were the Samaritans, and the different nations with which the kings of Assyria had peopled Israel, when they had carried the original inhabitants away into captivity, see [Ezr 4:9], [Ezr 4:10].