150. Now to show that it was possible for him to have been saved had he refrained from avenging the death of Patroclus, read what Thetis says.“Ah me, my son, swift fate indeed will fall”“On thee, if thou dost speak such words. For know,”“Swift after Hector’ s death fate brings thine own.”“To her divine Achilles, swift of foot,”“In turn made answer. Straightway let me die,”“For when my friend was slain, my dearest friend,”“It was not granted me to succor him.”
150. ὡς τοίνυν ἐξῆν αὐτῷ σωθῆναι μὴ τιμωρησαμένῳ τὸν τοῦ Πατρόκλου θάνατον, ἀνάγνωθι ἃ λέγει ἡ Θέτις.ὠκύμορος δή μοι τέκος ἔσσεαι, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις·αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθʼ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος.τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳκτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι, ὅ μοι πολὺ φίλτατος ἔσκεν.
151. Again, Euripides, a poet than whom none is wiser, considering chaste love to be one of the most beautiful things, says somewhere, making love a thing to be prayed for:“There is a love that makes men virtuous”“And chaste, an envied gift. Such love I crave.”
151. ὁ τοίνυν οὐδενὸς ἧττον σοφὸς τῶν ποιητῶν Εὐριπίδης, ἕν τι τῶν καλλίστων ὑπολαμβάνων εἶναι τὸ σωφρόνως ἐρᾶν, ἐν εὐχῆς μέρει τὸν ἔρωτα ποιούμενος λέγει που·ὁ δʼ εἰς τὸ σῶφρον ἐπʼ ἀρετήν τʼ ἄγων ἔρωςζηλωτὸς ἀνθρώποισιν, ὧν εἴην ἐγώ.
152. Again the same poet, in the Phoenix, expresses his opinion, making defence against false charges brought by the father, and trying to persuade men habitually to judge, not under the influence of suspicion or of slander, but by a man’ s life:“Many a time ere now have I been made”“The judge in men’ s disputes, and oft have heard”“For one event conflicting witnesses.”“And so, to find the truth, I, as do all”“Wise men, look sharp to see the character”“That marks the daily life, and judge by that.”“The man who loves companionship of knaves”“I care not to interrogate. What need”“Is there? I know too well the man is such”“As is the company he loves to keep.”
152. πάλιν τοίνυν ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ Φοίνικι ἀποφαίνεται, ὑπὲρ τῆς γεγενημένης αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα διαβολῆς ἀπολογούμενος, καὶ ἀπεθίζων τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μὴ ἐξ ὑποψίας μηδʼ ἐκ διαβολῆς, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τοῦ βίου, τὰς κρίσεις ποιεῖσθαι·ἤδη δὲ πολλῶν ᾑρέθην λόγων κριτής,καὶ πόλλʼ ἁμιλληθέντα μαρτύρων ὕποτἀναντίʼ ἔγνων συμφορᾶς μιᾶς πέρι.κἀγὼ μὲν οὕτω, χὤστις ἔστʼ ἀνὴρ σοφός,λογίζομαι τἀληθές, εἰς ἀνδρὸς φύσινσκοπῶν δίαιτάν θʼ, ἥντινʼ ἡμερεύεται.ὅστις δʼ ὁμιλῶν ἥδεται κακοῖς ἀνήρ,οὐ πώποτʼ ἠρώτησα, γιγνώσκων ὅτιτοιοῦτός ἐσθʼ οἵοισπερ ἥδεται ξυνών.
153. Examine the sentiments, fellow citizens, which the poet expresses. He says that before now he has been made judge of many cases, as you today are jurors; and he says that he makes his decisions, not from what the witnesses say, but from the habits and associations of the accused; he looks at this, how the man who is on trial conducts his daily life, and in what manner he administers his own house, believing that in like manner he will administer the affairs of the state also; and he looks to see with whom he likes to associate. And, finally, he does not hesitate to express the opinion that a man is like those whose “company he loves to keep.” It is right, therefore, that in judging Timarchus you follow the reasoning of Euripides.
153. σκέψασθε δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰς γνώμας ἃς ἀποφαίνεται ὁ ποιητής. ἤδη δὲ πολλῶν πραγμάτων φησὶ γεγενῆσθαι κριτής, ὥσπερ νῦν ὑμεῖς δικασταί, καὶ τὰς κρίσεις οὐκ ἐκ τῶν μαρτυριῶν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων καὶ τῶν ὁμιλιῶν, φησι ποιεῖσθαι, ἐκεῖσε ἀποβλέπων, πῶς τὸν καθʼ ἡμέραν βίον ζῇ ὁ κρινόμενος, καὶ ὅντινα τρόπον διοικεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ οἰκίαν, ὡς παραπλησίως αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ τῆς πόλεως διοικήσοντα· καὶ τίσι χαίρει πλησιάζων· καὶ τελευτῶν οὐκ ὤκνησεν ἀποφήνασθαι τοιοῦτον εἶναι οἵοισπερ ἥδεται ξυνών. οὐκοῦν δίκαιον καὶ περὶ Τιμάρχου τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὑμᾶς Εὐριπίδῃ χρήσασθαι λογισμοῖς.
154. How has he administered his own property? He has devoured his patrimony, he has consumed all the wages of his prostitution and all the fruits of his bribery, so that he has nothing left but his shame. With whom does he love to be? Hegesandrus! And what are Hegesandrus’ habits? The habits that exclude a man by law from the privilege of addressing the people. What is it that I say against Timarchus, and what is the charge that I have brought? That Timarchus addresses the people, a man who has made himself a prostitute and has consumed his patrimony. And what is the oath that you have taken? To give your verdict on the precise charges that are presented by the prosecution.
154. πῶς διῴκηκε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ οὐσίαν; κατεδήδοκε τὰ πατρῷα καὶ μεμισθαρνηκὼς τῷ σώματι καὶ δωροδοκῶν δημοσίᾳ πάντʼ ἠφάνικεν, ὥστε μηδὲν ἄλλʼ ἢ τὰς αἰσχύνας αὐτῷ περιεῖναι. χαίρει δὲ τῷ συνών; Ἡγησάνδρῳ. ὁ δʼ Ἡγήσανδρος ἐκ τίνων ἐστὶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων; ἐκ τούτων ἃ τὸν πράξαντα οἱ νόμοι ἀπαγορεύουσι μὴ δημηγορεῖν. ἐγὼ δὲ τί λέγω κατὰ Τιμάρχου, καὶ τίνα ποτʼ ἐστὶν ἃ ἀντιγέγραμμαι; δημηγορεῖν Τίμαρχον πεπορνευμένον καὶ τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν κατεδηδοκότα. ὑμεῖς δὲ τί ὀμωμόκατε; ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ψηφιεῖσθαι ὧν ἂν ἡ δίωξις ᾖ.
155. But not to dwell too long on the poets, I will recite to you the names of older and well-known men, and of youths and boys, some of whom have had many lovers because of their beauty, and some of whom, still in their prime, have lovers today, but not one of whom ever came under the same accusations as Timarchus. Again, I will tell over to you in contrast men who have prostituted themselves shamefully and notoriously, in order that by calling these to mind you may place Timarchus where he belongs.
155. ἵνα δὲ μὴ μακρολογῶ περὶ τῶν ποιητῶν διεξιών, ἀνδρῶν ἐρῶ πρεσβυτέρων καὶ γνωρίμων ὑμῖν ὀνόματα καὶ μειρακίων καὶ παίδων, ὧν τοῖς μὲν διὰ τὴν εὐπρέπειαν πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν ἐρασταί, ἐνίοις δὲ τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ ἔτι καὶ νῦν εἰσίν, ὧν οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ εἰς τὰς αὐτὰς αἰτίας ἀφῖκται Τιμάρχῳ· καὶ πάλιν ὑμῖν ἀντιδιέξειμι ἀνθρώπων πεπορνευμένων αἰσχρῶς καὶ φανερῶς ὀνόματα, ἵνα ὑμεῖς ἀναμνησθέντες κατανείμητε εἰς τὴν προσήκουσαν τάξιν Τίμαρχον.
156. First I will name those who have lived the life of free and honorable men. You know, fellow citizens, Crito, son of Astyochus, Pericleides of Perithoedae, Polemagenes, Pantaleon, son of Cleagoras, and Timesitheus the runner, men who were the most beautiful, not only among their fellow citizens, but in all Hellas, men who counted many a man of eminent chastity as lover; yet no man ever censured them.
156. πρῶτον δὲ λέξω τὰ τῶν ἐλευθερίως καὶ καλῶς βεβιωκότων ὀνόματα. γιγνώσκετε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, Κρίτωνα τὸν Ἀστυόχου καὶ Περικλείδην τὸν Περιθοίδην καὶ Πολεμαγένην καὶ Πανταλέοντα τὸν Κλεαγόρου καὶ Τιμησίθεον τὸν δρομέα, καλλίστους οὐ μόνον τῶν πολιτῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων γεγενημένους, καὶ πλείστων καὶ σωφρονεστάτων τυχόντας ἐραστῶν· ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὐδεὶς πώποτε αὐτοὺς ἔψεξε.
157. and again, among the youths and those who are still boys, first, you know the nephew of Iphicrates, the son of Teisias of Rhamnos, of the same name as the defendant. He, beautiful to look upon, is so far from reproach, that the other day at the rural Dionysia when the comedies were being played in Collytus, and when Parmenon the comic actor addressed a certain anapaestic verse to the chorus, in which certain persons were referred to as “big Timarchian prostitutes,” nobody thought of it as aimed at the youth, but, one and all, as meant for you, so unquestioned is your title to the practice. Again, Anticles, the stadium runner, and Pheidias, the brother of Melesias. Although I could name many others, I will stop, lest I seem to be in a way courting their favor by my praise.
157. πάλιν ἐκ τῶν μειρακίων καὶ τῶν ἐν παισὶν ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὄντων πρῶτον μὲν τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν τὸν Ἰφικράτους, υἱὸν δὲ Τεισίου τοῦ Ῥαμνουσίου, ὁμώνυμον δὲ τοῦ νυνὶ κρινομένου· ὃς εὐπρεπὴς ὢν ἰδεῖν τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει τῶν αἰσχρῶν, ὥστε πρώην ἐν τοῖς κατʼ ἀγροὺς Διονυσίοις κωμῳδῶν ὄντων ἐν Κολλυτῷ, καὶ Παρμένοντος τοῦ κωμικοῦ ὑποκριτοῦ εἰπόντος τι πρὸς τὸν χορὸν ἀνάπαιστον, ἐν ᾧ ἦν εἶναί τινας πόρνους μεγάλους Τιμαρχώδεις, οὐδεὶς ὑπελάμβανεν εἰς τὸ μειράκιον, ἀλλʼ εἰς σὲ πάντες· οὕτω κληρονόμος εἶ τοῦ ἐπιτηδεύματος. πάλιν Ἀντικλέα τὸν σταδιοδρόμον καὶ Φειδίαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν Μελησίου. ἔτι δὲ εἰπεῖν ἔχων πολλοὺς παύσομαι, ἵνα μὴ δοκῶ τὸν ἔπαινον θεραπείᾳ τινὶ κατʼ αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι.
158. But as to those men who are kindred spirits with Timarchus, for fear of arousing their enmity I will mention only those toward whom I am utterly indifferent. Who of you does not know Diophantes, called “the orphan,” who arrested the foreigner and brought him before the archon, whose associate on the bench was Aristophon of Azenia? For Diophantes accused the foreigner of having cheated him out of four drachmas in connection with this practice, and he cited the laws that command the archon to protect orphans, when he himself had violated the laws that enjoin chastity. Or what Athenian was not indignant at Cephisodorus, called Molon’ s son, for having ruined his surpassing beauty by a most infamous life? Or Mnesitheus, known as the cook’ s son? Or many others, whose names I am willing to forget?
158. περὶ δὲ τῶν ὁμοτρόπων τῶν Τιμάρχου, φεύγων τὰς ἀπεχθείας, ὧν ἥκιστά μοι μέλει μνησθήσομαι. τίς γὰρ ὑμῶν τὸν ὀρφανὸν καλούμενον Διόφαντον οὐκ οἶδεν, ὃς τὸν ξένον πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα ἀπήγαγεν, ᾧ παρήδρευεν Ἀριστοφῶν ὁ Ἀζηνιεύς, ἐπαιτιασάμενος τέτταρας δραχμὰς αὑτὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς πράξεως ταύτης ἀπεστερηκέναι, καὶ τοὺς νόμους λέγων, οἳ κελεύουσι τὸν ἄρχοντα τῶν ὀρφανῶν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς σωφροσύνης κειμένους αὐτὸς ὑπερβεβηκώς; ἢ τίς τῶν πολιτῶν οὐκ ἐδυσχέρανε Κηφισόδωρον τὸν τοῦ Μόλωνος καλούμενον καλλίστην ὥραν ὄψεως ἀκλεέστατα διεφθαρκότα; ἢ Μνησίθεον τὸν τοῦ μαγείρου καλούμενον; ἢ πολλοὺς ἑτέρους, ὧν ἑκὼν ἐπιλανθάνομαι;
159. For I have no desire to tell over the whole list of them one by one in a spirit of bitterness. Nay, rather I could wish that I might be at a loss for such examples in my speech, for I love my city. But since we have selected for special mention a few from each of the two classes, on the one side men who have been loved with a chaste love, and on the other men who sin against themselves, now let me ask you this question, and pray answer me: To which class do you assign Timarchus—to those who are loved, or to those who are prostitutes? You see, Timarchus, you are not to be permitted to desert the company which you have chosen and go over to the ways of free men.
159. οὐ γὰρ ἐπεξελθεῖν αὐτῶν ἕκαστον κατʼ ὄνομα πικρῶς βούλομαι, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τῶν τοιούτων ἀπορεῖν ἂν εὐξαίμην ἐν τῷ λόγῳ διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν εὔνοιαν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἑκατέρων προελόμενοί τινας διεξεληλύθαμεν, χωρὶς μὲν τοὺς διὰ σωφροσύνης ἐρωμένους, χωρὶς δὲ τοὺς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐξαμαρτάνοντας, ὑμεῖς ἤδη τοῦτʼ ἐρωτηθέντες ἀποκρίνασθε πρὸς ἐμέ, εἰς ὁποτέραν τὴν τάξιν Τίμαρχον κατανέμετε, πότερα εἰς τοὺς ἐρωμένους ἢ εἰς τοὺς πεπορνευμένους. οὐκοῦν μὴ καταλιπὼν ἣν εἵλου συμμορίαν αὐτομολήσῃς εἰς τὰς τῶν ἐλευθέρων διατριβάς.
160. But if they shall undertake to say that no man has been a prostitute unless he was hired under contract, and if they demand that I produce writings and witnesses, I ask you first to call to mind the laws concerning prostitution; in them the lawgiver has nowhere made mention of contracts, for he did not inquire whether it was by contract that a person had defiled himself, but in comprehensive terms, no matter how the deed is done, he commands that the man who did it shall take no part in public affairs. And he is right; for the man who in his youth was led by shameful indulgence to surrender honorable ambition, that man, he believed, ought not in later life to be possessed of the citizen’ s privileges.
160. ἐὰν δʼ ἐπιχειρῶσι λέγειν, ὡς οὐχ ἡταίρηκεν ὅστις μὴ κατὰ συγγραφὰς ἐμισθώθη, καὶ γραμματεῖον καὶ μάρτυρας ἀξιῶσί με τούτων παρασχέσθαι, πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς περὶ τῆς ἑταιρήσεως νόμους μέμνησθε, ἐν οἷς οὐδαμοῦ μνείαν ὁ νομοθέτης περὶ συνθηκῶν πεποίηται. οὐ γάρ, εἰ κατὰ γραμματεῖόν τις ἑαυτὸν κατῄσχυνε, τοῦτʼ ἐξήτασεν, ἀλλὰ παντελῶς, ὅπως ἂν ἡ πρᾶξις γένηται, τὸν πράξαντα κελεύει μὴ μετέχειν τῶν τῆς πόλεως κοινῶν. εἰκότως· ὅστις γὰρ νέος ὢν ἀπέστη διʼ αἰσχρὰς ἡδονὰς τῆς εἰς τὰ καλὰ φιλοτιμίας, τοῦτον οὐκ ᾠήθη δεῖν πρεσβύτερον γενόμενον ἐπίτιμον εἶναι.
161. In the second place, it is easy to demonstrate the folly of this plea. For we should all acknowledge this, that we enter into contracts because we do not trust one another, the object being that the party who has not violated the written terms may receive satisfaction by verdict of the courts from the one who has. If, therefore, this business needs the help of the courts, those who have served as prostitutes by contract, in case they are wronged, have left them, according to the argument of the defendants, recourse to the protection of the laws. And what would be the plea that either side would advance? Imagine the case, not as something that I am telling you, but as going on before your eyes.
161. ἔπειτα καὶ τὴν εὐήθειαν τοῦ λόγου τούτου ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν ἐξετάσαι. πάντες γὰρ ἂν τοῦθʼ ὁμολογήσαιμεν, ὅτι τὰς συνθήκας τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀπιστίας ἕνεκα ποιούμεθα, ἵνα ὁ μὴ παραβὰς τὰ γεγραμμένα δίκην λάβῃ τῇ ψήφῳ παρὰ τοῦ παραβάντος. οὐκοῦν, εἴπερ τὸ πρᾶγμα δίκης προσδεῖται, τοῖς κατὰ γραμματεῖον ἡταιρηκόσιν, ἂν ἀδικῶνται, ἡ τῶν νόμων ὡς οὗτοί φασιν ἐπικουρία καταλείπεται. καὶ τίς ἂν λόγος ἑκατέρου φανείη; μὴ γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ λεγόμενον, ἀλλὰ γιγνόμενον τὸ πρᾶγμα νομίσαθʼ ὁρᾶν.
162. Assume that the man who hired the other is in the right as regards the fact and the man who was hired is in the wrong and has no ground to stand on; or assume the opposite, that the man who was hired is fair and fulfils his engagement, but the man who has plucked the flower of his youth and hired him has broken his word; then imagine that you yourselves are sitting as jury. Now the elder man, when his time allowance and the right to speak are given him, will press his accusation vigorously, and looking, of course, into your faces, he will say, “Fellow citizens, I hired Timarchus to serve me as a prostitute according to the contract that is deposited with Demosthenes”—there is no reason why that statement might not be made!—“but he fails to carry out his engagement with me.”
162. ἔστω γὰρ ὁ μὲν μισθωσάμενος δίκαιος εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα, ὁ δὲ μισθωθεὶς ἄδικος καὶ βέβαιος, ἢ πάλιν τοὐναντίον ὁ μὲν μισθωθεὶς μέτριος καὶ ποιῶν τὰ ὡμολογημένα, ὁ δὲ τὴν ἡλικίαν προλαβὼν καὶ μισθωσάμενος ἐψεύσθω· καὶ δικαστὰς ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ὑπολάβετε καθῆσθαι. οὐκοῦν ὁ πρεσβύτερος, ἀποδοθέντος τοῦ ὕδατος αὐτῷ καὶ λόγου, κατηγορῶν μετὰ σπουδῆς, βλέπων δηλονότι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, λέξει·
163. And now, of course, he proceeds to describe this engagement to the jury, telling what it is that a man of that sort is expected to do. Thereupon will not the man be stoned who has hired an Athenian contrary to the laws, and will he not leave the court-room not only sentenced to pay his fine, but also convicted of wanton outrage?
163. ἐμισθωσάμην, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, Τίμαρχον ἑταιρεῖν ἐμαυτῷ κατὰ τὸ γραμματεῖον τὸ παρὰ Δημοσθένει κείμενον· οὐδὲν γὰρ κωλύει οὕτως εἰρῆσθαι· ὁ δʼ οὐ ποιεῖ μοι τὰ ὡμολογημένα. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἤδη διέξεισι δηλονότι πρὸς τοὺς δικαστάς, λέγων ἃ χρὴ τὸν τοιοῦτον ποιεῖν. ἔπειτα οὐ καταλευσθήσεται ὁ μισθούμενος τὸν Ἀθηναῖον παρὰ τοὺς νόμους, καὶ προσοφλὼν ἄπεισιν ἐκ τοῦ δικαστηρίου οὐ τὴν ἐπωβελίαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλὴν ὕβριν;
164. But suppose it is not this man, but the one who was hired, that is bringing suit. Now let him come forward and speak—or else let the wise Batalus speak in his stead, that we may know what he will find to say! “Gentlemen of the jury, so-and-so”—it does not matter who—“hired me to be his prostitute for money, and I have done, and still continue to do, according to the terms of the contract, all that a prostitute is under obligation to do; he, however, fails to fulfil the agreement.” Will he not immediately have to face a loud protest from the jurors? For who will not say, “And then do you thrust yourself into the market-place, do you put on a garland, do you attempt to do anything else that the rest of us do?” His contract, you see, is of no use to him.
164. ἀλλʼ οὐχ οὗτος, ἀλλʼ ὁ μισθωθεὶς δικάζεται. λεγέτω δὴ παρελθών, ἢ ὁ σοφὸς Βάταλος ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, ἵνʼ εἰδῶμεν τί ποτʼ ἐρεῖ. ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐμισθώσατό με ἑταιρεῖν αὑτῷ ἀργυρίου ὁστισδηποτοῦν. οὐδὲν γὰρ διαφέρει· κἀγὼ μὲν ἅπαντα καὶ πεποίηκα καὶ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ποιῶ κατὰ τὸ γραμματεῖον, ἃ χρὴ ποιεῖν τὸν ἑταιροῦντα· οὗτος δὲ ὑπερβαίνει τὰς συνθήκας. ἔπειτʼ οὐ πολλὴ κραυγὴ παρὰ τῶν δικαστῶν αὐτῷ ἀπαντήσεται; τίς γὰρ οὐκ ἐρεῖ· ἔπειτα ἐμβάλλεις εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, ἢ στεφανοῖ, ἢ πράττεις τι τῶν αὐτῶν ἡμῖν; οὐκοῦν οὐδὲν ὄφελος τῆς συγγραφῆς.
165. Now let me tell you how it happens that it has become the prevailing custom to say, that persons have in the past become prostitutes “under written contract.” One of our citizens (I will not name him, for I have no desire to make myself hated), foreseeing none of the consequences which I have just described to you, is said to have served as prostitute according to a contract deposited with Anticles. Now, since he was not a private citizen, but active in politics and subject to scurrilous attack, he caused the city to become accustomed to this expression, and that is the reason why some men ask whether in a given case the practice has been “by written contract.” But the lawgiver did not care how the thing was brought about; on the contrary, if there is a letting for hire in any way whatsoever, the man who does the deed is condemned by him to disgrace.
165. πόθεν οὖν ἴσχυκε καὶ σύνηθες γεγένηται λέγειν, ὡς κατὰ γραμματεῖον ἤδη τινὲς ἡταίρησαν, ἐρῶ. ἀνὴρ εἷς τῶν πολιτῶν (τὸ δʼ ὄνομα οὐ λέξω· τὰς γὰρ ἀπεχθείας φεύγω) οὐδὲν προϊδόμενος ὧν ὀλίγῳ πρότερον ἐγὼ διεξῆλθον πρὸς ὑμᾶς, λέγεται κατὰ συνθήκας ἡταιρηκέναι τὰς παρʼ Ἀντικλεῖ κειμένας· οὐκ ὢν δʼ ἰδιώτης, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ προσιὼν καὶ λοιδορίαις περιπίπτων, εἰς συνήθειαν ἐποίησε τοῦ λόγου τούτου τὴν πόλιν καταστῆναι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶσί τινες, εἰ κατὰ γραμματεῖον ἡ πρᾶξις γεγένηται. ὁ δὲ νομοθέτης οὐχ ὅπως τὸ πρᾶγμα γεγένηται ἐφρόντισεν, ἀλλʼ ἐὰν ὁπωσοῦν μίσθωσις γένηται, κατέγνωκε τοῦ πράξαντος αἰσχύνην.
166. But nevertheless, although all this is so plainly defined, many irrelevant arguments will be invented by Demosthenes. Possibly, when he sticks to his subject, we might be less indignant with him for the animosity he shows; but when, to the injury of our national rights, he foists in matters that do not belong to the case, then one may well be angry. Philip will be largely in evidence, and the name of Philip’ s son Alexander is going to be mixed up in it. For in addition to all the rest that is bad in him, this Demosthenes is an ill-mannered and boorish sort of person.
166. ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὕτω σαφῶς τούτων διωρισμένων, πολλαὶ παρεμβολαὶ λόγων ὑπὸ Δημοσθένους εὑρεθήσονται. καὶ ταῖς μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πράγματος κακοηθείαις λεγομέναις ἧττον ἄν τις ἀγανακτήσειεν· ἃ δὲ ἔξωθεν ἐπεισάξεται λυμαινόμενος τὰ τῆς πόλεως δίκαια, ἐπὶ τούτοις ἄξιόν ἐστιν ὀργισθῆναι. πολὺς μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται, ἀναμειχθήσεται δὲ καὶ τὸ τοῦ παιδὸς ὄνομα Ἀλεξάνδρου. καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις κακοῖς ἄμουσός τις οὗτος καὶ ἀπαίδευτος ἄνθρωπός ἐστι.
167. His offensive talk against Philip is foolish and out of place, but not so serious a mistake as that which I am about to mention. For confessedly he will be making his slanderous charges against a man—he who is himself no man. But when he insinuates shameful suspicions against the boy, by deliberately applying to him words of double meaning, he makes our city ridiculous.
167. τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὸν Φίλιππον τῷ λόγῳ πλημμελεῖν ἀμαθὲς μὲν καὶ ἄκαιρον, ἔλαττον δʼ οὗ μέλλω λέγειν ἁμάρτημα· ὁμολογουμένως γὰρ εἰς ἄνδρα, καίπερ οὐκ ὢν αὐτὸς ἀνήρ, τὰς βλασφημίας ποιήσεται· ὅταν δὲ ταῖς εἰς τὸν παῖδα πεπραγματευμέναις μεταφοραῖς ὀνομάτων αἰσχρὰς ὑποψίας παρεμβάλλῃ, καταγέλαστον τὴν πόλιν ποιεῖ.
168. For, under the impression that he is hurting me with reference to the accounting which I am about to render for my service on the embassy, he says that when the other day he himself was describing the boy Alexander, telling how at a certain banquet of ours he played the cithara, reciting certain passages in which there were thrusts at another boy, and when he reported to the senate what he himself happened to know about the incident, I got angry at his jests at the expense of the boy, as though I were not merely a member of the embassy, but one of the boy’ s own family.
168. ὡς γὰρ τὰς ἐμὰς εὐθύνας βλάπτων, ἃς ὑπὲρ τῆς πρεσβείας μέλλω διδόναι, φησί με, ὅτʼ αὐτὸς πρώην ὑπὲρ τοῦ παιδὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου διεξῄει, ὡς ἔν τῳ πότῳ ἡμῶν κιθαρίζοι καὶ λέγοι ῥήσεις τινὰς καὶ ἀντικρούσεις πρὸς ἕτερον παῖδα, καὶ περὶ τούτων ἃ δή ποτε αὐτὸς ἐτύγχανε γιγνώσκων πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν ἀπεφήνατο, οὐχ ὡς συμπρεσβευτήν, ἀλλʼ ὡς συγγενῆ τοῖς εἰς τὸν παῖδα σκώμμασιν ἀγανακτῆσαι.
169. Now I naturally have had no conversation with Alexander, because of his youth, but Philip I do praise now because of his auspicious words, and if in what he does toward us in the future he shall fulfil the promise of what he now says, he will make praise of him a safe and easy thing. I did, indeed, rebuke Demosthenes in the senate-chamber, not because I was counting the favor of the boy, but because I felt that if you should listen to such words as his, the city would show itself as ill-behaved as the speaker.
169. ἐγὼ δʼ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ μὲν εἰκότως διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν οὐ διείλεγμαι, Φίλιππον δὲ νῦν μὲν διὰ τὴν τῶν λόγων εὐφημίαν ἐπαινῶ· ἐὰν δʼ ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἔργοις γένηται, οἷος νῦν ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς ἐπαγγέλμασιν, ἀσφαλῆ καὶ ῥᾴδιον τὸν καθʼ αὑτοῦ ποιήσεται ἔπαινον. ἐπετίμησα δʼ ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ Δημοσθένει οὐ τὸν παῖδα ἐκθεραπεύων, ἀλλʼ ἐὰν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀποδέχησθε, ὁμοίαν νομίζων τὴν πόλιν φανήσεσθαι τῇ τοῦ λέγοντος ἀκοσμίᾳ.
170. But, fellow citizens, I beg you not to accept their irrelevant pleas at all, in the first place for the sake of the oaths which you have sworn, in the second place that you may not be misled by a fellow who makes a trade of the manipulation of words. But I will go back a little way for your instruction. Demosthenes, after he had spent his patrimony, went up and down the city, hunting rich young fellows whose fathers were dead, and whose mothers were administering their property. I will omit many instances, and will mention only one of those who were outrageously treated.
170. ὅλως δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰς ἔξωθεν τοῦ πράγματος ἀπολογίας μὴ προσδέχεσθε, πρῶτον μὲν τῶν ὅρκων ἕνεκα οὓς ὠμόσατε, δεύτερον δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ παρακρουσθῆναι ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου τεχνίτου λόγων. μικρὸν δʼ ἄνωθεν ἄρξομαι διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς. Δημοσθένης γάρ, ἐπειδὴ τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν ἀνήλωσε, περιῄει τὴν πόλιν θηρεύων νέους πλουσίους, ὧν οἱ μὲν πατέρες ἐτετελευτήκεσαν, αἱ δὲ μητέρες διῴκουν τὰς οὐσίας. πολλοὺς δʼ ὑπερβὰς ἑνὸς τῶν δεινὰ πεπονθότων μνησθήσομαι.
171. he discovered a household that was rich and ill-managed, the head of which was a woman, proud and of poor judgment. A fatherless young man, half crazy, was managing the estate, Aristarchus, son of Moschus. Demosthenes, pretending to be a lover of his, invited the young man to this intimacy, filling him up with empty hopes, assuring him that without any delay whatever he should become the foremost man in public life, and he showed him a list of names. So he became prompter and teacher of the young man in conduct which has made Aristarchus an exile from his fatherland, while Demosthenes, getting hold of the money that was to support him in in his banishment, has cheated him out of three talents, and, at the hands of Aristarchus, Nicodemus of Aphidna has met a violent death, poor man! after having had both eyes knocked out, and that tongue cut off with which he had been wont to speak out freely, trusting in the laws and in you.
171. κατιδὼν γὰρ οἰκίαν πλουσίαν καὶ οὐκ εὐνομουμένην, ἧς ἡγεμὼν μὲν ἦν γυνὴ μέγα φρονοῦσα καὶ νοῦν οὐκ ἔχουσα, νεανίσκος δὲ ὀρφανὸς ἡμιμανὴς διεχείριζε τὴν οὐσίαν, Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ τοῦ Μόσχου, τούτου προσποιησάμενος ἐραστὴς εἶναι, καὶ τὸ μειράκιον εἰς τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ταύτην προκαλεσάμενος, ἐλπίδων κενῶν ἐμπλήσας, ὡς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα τῶν ῥητόρων πρωτεύσοντα, κατάλογον ἀποφαίνων, τοιούτων εἰσηγητὴς αὐτῷ καὶ διδάσκαλος ἔργων ἐγένετο, ἐξ ὧν ἐκεῖνος μὲν φεύγει τὴν πατρίδα, οὗτος δʼ αὐτοῦ τὰ τῆς φυγῆς ἐφόδια προλαβὼν τρία τάλαντα ἀπεστέρηκε, Νικόδημος δʼ ὁ Ἀφιδναῖος ὑπʼ Ἀριστάρχου τετελεύτηκε βιαίῳ θανάτῳ, ἐκκοπεὶς ὁ δείλαιος ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἐκτμηθείς, ᾗ ἐπαρρησιάζετο πιστεύων τοῖς νόμοις καὶ ὑμῖν.
173. Did you put to death Socrates the sophist, fellow citizens, because he was shown to have been the teacher of Critias, one of the Thirty who put down the democracy, and after that, shall Demosthenes succeed in snatching companions of his own out of your hands, Demosthenes, who takes such vengeance on private citizens and friends of the people for their freedom of speech? At his invitation some of his pupils are here in court to listen to him. For with an eye to business at your expense, he promises them, as I understand, that he will juggle the issue and cheat your ears, and you will never know it; assuring them that, as soon as he shall come forward to speak, the situation shall be reversed, the defendant filled with confidence, the plaintiff confounded, frightened for his own safety; and that he will lug in my speeches, and find fault with the peace which was brought about through Philocrates and myself, until he shall call out such bursts of applause from the jurors that I will not even face him in the court-room to defend myself when I render account of my service on the embassy, but will consider myself lucky if I get off with a moderate fine instead of being punished with death.
173. ἔπειθʼ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, Σωκράτην μὲν τὸν σοφιστὴν ἀπεκτείνατε, ὅτι Κριτίαν ἐφάνη πεπαιδευκώς, ἕνα τῶν τριάκοντα τῶν τὸν δῆμον καταλυσάντων, Δημοσθένης δʼ ὑμῖν ἑταίρους ἐξαιρήσεται, ὁ τηλικαύτας τιμωρίας λαμβάνων παρὰ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν καὶ δημοτικῶν ἀνθρώπων ὑπὲρ τῆς ἰσηγορίας, ᾧ παρακεκλημένοι τινὲς τῶν μαθητῶν ἥκουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκρόασιν· κατεπαγγέλλεται γὰρ πρὸς αὐτούς, ἐργολαβῶν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς, ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι, λήσειν μεταλλάξας τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀκρόασιν, καὶ περιστήσειν τῷ μὲν φεύγοντι θαρρεῖν, ὅταν αὐτὸς δεῦρο παρέλθῃ, ἐκπεπλῆχθαι δὲ τῷ κατηγόρῳ καὶ πεφοβῆσθαι περὶ αὑτοῦ, τοσούτους δὲ καὶ τηλικούτους ἐκκαλεῖσθαι παρὰ τῶν δικαστῶν θορύβους, παρεμβάλλων τὰς ἐμὰς δημηγορίας καὶ ψέγων τὴν εἰρήνην τὴν διʼ ἐμοῦ καὶ Φιλοκράτους γεγενημένην, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ ἀπαντήσεσθαί με ἐπὶ τὸ δικαστήριον ἀπολογησόμενον, ὅταν τῆς πρεσβείας τὰς εὐθύνας διδῶ, ἀλλʼ ἀγαπήσειν, ἐὰν μετρίῳ τιμήματι περιπέσω καὶ μὴ θανάτῳ ζημιῶμαι.
175. So I do beg you by all means not to furnish this sophist with laughter and patronage at your expense. Imagine that you see him when he gets home from the court-room, putting on airs in his lectures to his young men, and telling how successfully he stole the case away from the jury. “I carried the jurors off bodily from the charges brought against Timarchus, and set them on the accuser, and Philip, and the Phocians, and I suspended such terrors before the eyes of the hearers that the defendant began to be the accuser, and the accuser to be on trial; and the jurors forgot what they were to judge; and what they were not to judge, to that they listened.”
175. μηδενὶ δὴ τρόπῳ καθʼ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γέλωτα τῷ σοφιστῇ καὶ διατριβὴν παράσχητε, ἀλλʼ ὑπολαμβάνεθʼ ὁρᾶν εἰσεληλυθότα ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαστηρίου οἴκαδε καὶ σεμνυνόμενον ἐν τῇ τῶν μειρακίων διατριβῇ, καὶ διεξιόντα, ὡς εὖ τὸ πρᾶγμα ὑφείλετο τῶν δικαστῶν· ἀπαγαγὼν γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ Τίμαρχον αἰτιῶν, ἐπέστησα φέρων ἐπὶ τὸν κατήγορον καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ Φωκέας, καὶ φόβους ἐπήρτησα τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις, ὥσθʼ ὁ μὲν φεύγων κατηγόρει, ὁ δὲ κατηγορῶν ἐκρίνετο, οἱ δὲ δικασταί, ὧν μὲν ἦσαν κριταί, ἐπελάθοντο, ὧν δʼ οὐκ ἦσαν, περὶ τούτων ἤκουον.
176. But it is your business to take your stand against this sort of thing, and following close on his every step, to let him at no point turn aside nor persist in irrelevant talk; on the contrary, act as you do in a horse-race, make him keep to the track—of the matter at issue. If you do that, you will not fail of respect, and you will have the same sentiments when you are called to enforce laws that you had when you made them; but if you do otherwise, it will appear that when crimes are about to be committed, you foresee them and are angry, but after they have been committed, you no longer care.
176. ὑμέτερον δʼ ἐστὶν ἔργον πρὸς ταῦτα ἀντιτετάχθαι, καὶ πανταχῇ παρακολουθοῦντας μηδαμῇ παρεκκλίνειν αὐτὸν ἐᾶν, μηδὲ τοῖς ἐξαγωνίοις λόγοις διισχυρίζεσθαι· ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἐν ταῖς ἱπποδρομίαις εἰς τὸν τοῦ πράγματος αὐτὸν δρόμον εἰσελαύνετε. κἂν ταῦτα ποιῆτε, οὐ καταφρονηθήσεσθε, καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἕξετε γνώμην νομοθετοῦντες καὶ δικάζοντες· εἰ δὲ μή, δόξετε μελλόντων μὲν γίγνεσθαι τῶν ἀδικημάτων προαισθάνεσθαι καὶ ὀργίζεσθαι, γεγονότων δὲ οὐκέτι φροντίζειν.
177. To sum it all up, if you punish the wrongdoers, your laws will be good and valid; but if you let them go, good laws, indeed, but valid no longer. And I shall not hesitate to speak out and tell you why I say this. I will explain by means of an illustration. Why do you suppose it is, fellow citizens, that the existing laws are good, but that the decrees of the city are inferior to them, and that the verdicts rendered in the courts are sometimes open to censure?
177. ὡς δʼ ἐν κεφαλαίῳ εἰρῆσθαι, ἐὰν μὲν κολάζητε τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας, ἔσονται ὑμῖν οἱ νόμοι καλοὶ καὶ κύριοι, ἐὰν δʼ ἀφιῆτε, καλοὶ μέν, κύριοι δʼ οὐκέτι. ὧν δʼ ἕνεκα ταῦτα λέγω, οὐκ ὀκνήσω πρὸς ὑμᾶς παρρησιάσασθαι. ἔσται δʼ ὁ λόγος ἐπὶ παραδείγματος. διὰ τί οἴεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοὺς νόμους μὲν καλῶς κεῖσθαι, τὰ δὲ ψηφίσματα εἶναι τὰ τῆς πόλεως καταδεέστερα, καὶ τὰς κρίσεις ἐνίοτε τὰς ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις ἔχειν ἐπιπλήξεις;
178. I will explain to you the reason. It is because you enact the laws with no other object than justice, not moved by unrighteous gain, or by either partiality or animosity, looking solely to what is just and for the common good. And because you are, as I think, naturally, more clever than other men, it is not surprising that you pass most excellent laws. But in the meetings of the assembly and in the courts, you oftentimes lose all hold of the discussion of the matter in hand, and are led away by deceit and trickery; and you admit into your cases at law a custom that is utterly unjust, for you allow the defendants to bring counter accusations against the complainants.
178. ἐγὼ τὰς τούτων αἰτίας ἐπιδείξω. ὅτι τοὺς μὲν νόμους τίθεσθε ἐπὶ πᾶσι δικαίοις, οὔτε κέρδους ἕνεκʼ ἀδίκου, οὔτε χάριτος οὔτʼ ἔχθρας, ἀλλὰ πρὸς αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ συμφέρον ἀποβλέποντες· ἐπιδέξιοι δʼ οἶμαι φύντες ἑτέρων μᾶλλον, εἰκότως καλλίστους νόμους τίθεσθε. ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις καὶ τοῖς δικαστηρίοις πολλάκις ἀφέμενοι τῶν εἰς αὐτὸ τὸ πρᾶγμα λόγων, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀπάτης καὶ τῶν ἀλαζονευμάτων ὑπάγεσθε, καὶ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔθος εἰς τοὺς ἀγῶνας παραδέχεσθε· ἐᾶτε γὰρ τοὺς ἀπολογουμένους ἀντικατηγορεῖν τῶν κατηγορούντων.
179. and when you have been drawn away from the defence itself, and your minds have become intent on other things, you forget the accusation entirely, and leave the court-room without having received satisfaction from either party—not from the complainant, for you are given no opportunity to vote with reference to him, and not from the defendant, for by his extraneous charges he has brushed aside the original complaints against himself, and gone out of court scot-free. Thus the laws are losing their force, the democracy is being undermined, and the custom is steadily gaining ground. For you sometimes thoughtlessly listen to mere talk that is unsupported by a good life.
179. ἐπειδὰν δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἀποσπασθῆτε καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς ἐφʼ ἑτέρων γένησθε, εἰς λήθην ἐμπεσόντες τῆς κατηγορίας, ἐξέρχεσθʼ ἐκ τῶν δικαστηρίων, οὐδὲ παρʼ ἑτέρου δίκην εἰληφότες, οὔτε παρὰ τοῦ κατηγόρου, ψῆφος γὰρ κατʼ αὐτοῦ οὐ δίδοται, οὔτε παρὰ τοῦ ἀπολογουμένου, ταῖς γὰρ ἀλλοτρίαις αἰτίαις ἀποτριψάμενος τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὑτῷ ἐγκλήματα ἐκπέφευγεν ἐκ τοῦ δικαστηρίου· οἱ δὲ νόμοι καταλύονται καὶ ἡ δημοκρατία διαφθείρεται καὶ τὸ ἔθος ἐπὶ πολὺ προβαίνει· εὐχερῶς γὰρ ἐνίοτε λόγον ἄνευ χρηστοῦ βίου προσδέχεσθε.
180. Not so the Lacedaemonians (and it is well to imitate virtue even in a foreigner). For instance, when a certain man had spoken in the assembly of the Lacedaemonians, a man of shameful life but an exceedingly able speaker, and when, we are told, the Lacedaemonians were on the point of voting according to his advice, a man came forward from the Council of Elders —a body of men whom they reverence and fear, whose age gives its name to that office which they consider the highest, and whom they appoint from among those who have been men of sobriety from boyhood to old age—one of these, it is said, came forward and vehemently rebuked the Lacedaemonians and denounced them in words like these: that the homes of Sparta would not long remain unravaged if the people folIowed such advisers in their assemblies.
180. ἀλλʼ οὐ Λακεδαιμόνιοι· καλὸν δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τὰς ξενικὰς ἀρετὰς μιμεῖσθαι. δημηγοροῦντος γάρ τινος ἐν τῇ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἀνδρὸς βεβιωκότος μὲν αἰσχρῶς, λέγειν δʼ εἰς ὑπερβολὴν δυνατοῦ, καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων, ὥς φασι, κατὰ τὴν ἐκείνου γνώμην ψηφίζεσθαι μελλόντων, παρελθών τις τῶν γερόντων, οὓς ἐκεῖνοι καὶ αἰσχύνονται καὶ δεδίασι, καὶ τὴν τῆς ἡλικίας αὐτῶν ἐπωνυμίαν ἀρχὴν μεγίστην εἶναι νομίζουσι, καθιστᾶσι δʼ αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἐκ παιδὸς εἰς γῆρας σωφρόνων, τούτων εἷς, ὡς λέγεται, παρελθὼν ἰσχυρῶς ἐπέπληξε τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις, καί τι τοιοῦτον κατʼ αὐτῶν ἐβλασφήμησεν, ὡς οὐ πολὺν χρόνον τὴν Σπάρτην ἀπόρθητον οἰκήσουσι, τοιούτοις ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις συμβούλοις χρώμενοι.
181. at the same time he called forward another of the Lacedaemonians, a certain man who was not gifted in speech, but brilliant in war and distinguished for justice and sobriety, and he ordered him to express as best he could the same sentiments that the former orator had uttered, “In order,” he explained, “that a good man may speak before the Lacedaemonians vote, but that they may not even receive into their ears the voices of proven cowards and rascals.” Such was the advice that the old man, who had lived a pure life from childhood, gave to his fellow citizens. He would have been quick, indeed, to allow Timarchus or the low-lived Demosthenes to take part in public affairs!
181. ἅμα δὲ παρακαλέσας ἄλλον τινὰ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων, ἄνδρα λέγειν μὲν οὐκ εὐφυᾶ, τὰ δὲ κατὰ πόλεμον λαμπρὸν καὶ πρὸς δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐγκράτειαν διαφέροντα, ἐπέταξεν αὐτῷ τὰς αὐτὰς εἰπεῖν γνώμας οὕτως ὅπως ἂν δύνηται, ἃς εἶπεν ὁ πρότερος ῥήτωρ, ἵνα, ἔφη, οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἀνδρὸς ἀγαθοῦ φθεγξαμένου ψηφίσωνται, τὰς δὲ τῶν ἀποδεδειλιακότων καὶ πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων φωνὰς μηδὲ τοῖς ὠσὶ προσδέχωνται. ταῦθʼ ὁ γέρων ὁ ἐκ παιδὸς σεσωφρονηκὼς παρῄνεσε τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ πολίταις. ταχύ γʼ ἂν Τίμαρχον ἢ τὸν κίναιδον Δημοσθένην εἴασε πολιτεύεσθαι.
182. But that I may not seem to be flattering the Lacedaemonians, I will make mention of our ancestors also. For so stern were they toward all shameful conduct, and so precious did they hold the purity of their children, that when one of the citizens found that his daughter had been seduced, and that she had failed to guard well her chastity till the time of marriage, he walled her up in an empty house with a horse, which he knew would surely kill her, if she were shut in there with him. And to this day the foundations of that house stand in your city, and that spot is called “the place of the horse and the maid.”
182. ἵνα δὲ μὴ δοκῶ Λακεδαιμονίους θεραπεύειν, καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων προγόνων μνησθήσομαι. οὕτω γὰρ ἦσαν πρὸς τὰς αἰσχύνας χαλεποί, καὶ περὶ πλείστου τῶν τέκνων τὴν σωφροσύνην ἐποιοῦντο, ὥστʼ ἀνὴρ εἷς τῶν πολιτῶν, εὑρὼν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα διεφθαρμένην, καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν οὐ καλῶς διαφυλάξασαν μέχρι γάμου, ἐγκατῳκοδόμησεν αὐτὴν μεθʼ ἵππου εἰς ἔρημον οἰκίαν, ὑφʼ οὗ προδήλως ἔμελλεν ἀπολεῖσθαι συγκαθειργμένη. καὶ ἔτι καὶ νῦν τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης ἕστηκε τὰ οἰκόπεδα ἐν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἄστει, καὶ ὁ τόπος οὗτος καλεῖται παρʼ ἵππον καὶ κόρην.
183. and Solon, the most famous of lawgivers, has written in ancient and solemn manner concerning orderly conduct on the part of the women. For the woman who is taken in the act of adultery he does not allow to adorn herself, nor even to attend the public sacrifices, lest by mingling with innocent women she corrupt them. But if she does attend, or does adorn herself, he commands that any man who meets her shall tear off her garments, strip her of her ornaments, and beat her (only he may not kill or maim her); for the lawgiver seeks to disgrace such a woman and make her life not worth the living.
183. ὁ δὲ Σόλων ὁ τῶν νομοθετῶν ἐνδοξότατος γέγραφεν ἀρχαίως καὶ σεμνῶς περὶ τῆς τῶν γυναικῶν εὐκοσμίας. τὴν γὰρ γυναῖκα ἐφʼ ᾗ ἂν ἁλῷ μοιχός, οὐκ ἐᾷ κοσμεῖσθαι, οὐδὲ εἰς τὰ δημοτελῆ ἱερὰ εἰσιέναι, ἵνα μὴ τὰς ἀναμαρτήτους τῶν γυναικῶν ἀναμειγνυμένη διαφθείρῃ· ἐὰν δʼ εἰσίῃ ἢ κοσμῆται, τὸν ἐντυχόντα κελεύει καταρρηγνύναι τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ τὸν κόσμον ἀφαιρεῖσθαι καὶ τύπτειν, εἰργόμενον θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ἀνάπηρον ποιῆσαι, ἀτιμῶν τὴν τοιαύτην γυναῖκα καὶ τὸν βίον ἀβίωτον αὐτῇ κατασκευάζων.
184. and he commands that procurers, men and women, be indicted, and if they are convicted, be punished with death, because to people who lust after sin but hesitate and are ashamed to meet one another, the procurers offer their own shamelessness for pay, and make it possible to discuss the act and to accomplish it.
184. καὶ τὰς προαγωγοὺς καὶ τοὺς προαγωγοὺς γράφεσθαι κελεύει, κἂν ἁλῶσι, θανάτῳ ζημιοῦν, ὅτι τῶν ἐξαμαρτάνειν ἐπιθυμούντων ὀκνούντων καὶ αἰσχυνομένων ἀλλήλοις ἐντυγχάνειν, αὐτοὶ τὴν αὑτῶν ἀναίδειαν παρασχόντες ἐπὶ μισθῷ τὸ πρᾶγμα εἰς διάπειραν καὶ λόγον κατέστησαν.
185. Such, then, was the judgment of your fathers concerning things shameful and things honorable; and shall their sons let Timarchus go free, a man chargeable with the most shameful practices, a creature with the body of a man defiled with the sins of a woman? In that case, who of you will punish a woman if he finds her in wrong doing? Or what man will not be regarded as lacking intelligence who is angry with her who errs by an impulse of nature, while he treats as adviser the man who in despite of nature has sinned against his own body?
185. ἔπειθʼ οἱ μὲν πατέρες ὑμῶν οὕτω περὶ τῶν αἰσχρῶν καὶ καλῶν διεγίγνωσκον, ὑμεῖς δὲ Τίμαρχον τὸν τοῖς αἰσχίστοις ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἔνοχον ἀφήσετε; τὸν ἄνδρα μὲν καὶ ἄρρενα τὸ σῶμα, γυναικεῖα δὲ ἁμαρτήματα ἡμαρτηκότα; τίς οὖν ὑμῶν γυναῖκα λαβὼν ἀδικοῦσαν τιμωρήσεται; ἢ τίς οὐκ ἀπαίδευτος εἶναι δόξει τῇ μὲν κατὰ φύσιν ἁμαρτανούσῃ χαλεπαίνων, τῷ δὲ παρὰ φύσιν ἑαυτὸν ὑβρίσαντι συμβούλῳ χρώμενος;
186. How will each man of you feel as he goes home from court? For the person who is on trial is no obscure man, but well known; the law governing the official scrutiny of public speakers is not a trivial law, but a most excellent one; and we must expect that the boys and young men will ask the members of their families how the case was decided.
186. τίνα δʼ ἔχων ἕκαστος ὑμῶν γνώμην ἐπάνεισιν οἴκαδε ἐκ τοῦ δικαστηρίου; οὔτε γὰρ ὁ κρινόμενος ἀφανής, ἀλλὰ γνώριμος, οὔθʼ ὁ νόμος ὁ περὶ τῆς τῶν ῥητόρων δοκιμασίας φαῦλος, ἀλλὰ κάλλιστος, τό τʼ ἐρέσθαι τοῖς παισὶ καὶ τοῖς μειρακίοις τοὺς ἑαυτῶν οἰκείους, ὅπως τὸ πρᾶγμα κέκριται, πρόχειρον.
187. What then, pray, are you going to answer, you in whose hands the decision now rests, when your sons ask you whether you voted for conviction or acquittal? When you acknowledge that you set Timarchus free, will you not at the same time be overturning our whole system of training the youth? What use is there in keeping attendants for our children, or setting trainers and teachers over them, when those who have been entrusted with the laws allow themselves to be turned into crooked paths of shame?
187. τί οὖν δὴ λέξετε οἱ τῆς ψήφου νυνὶ γεγονότες κύριοι, ὅταν οἱ ὑμέτεροι παῖδες ὑμᾶς ἔρωνται, εἰ κατεδικάσατε ἢ ἀπεψηφίσασθε; οὐχ ἅμα Τίμαρχον ἀπολῦσαι ὁμολογήσετε, καὶ τὴν κοινὴν παιδείαν ἀνατρέψετε; τί δʼ ὄφελος παιδαγωγοὺς τρέφειν ἢ παιδοτρίβας καὶ διδασκάλους τοῖς παισὶν ἐφιστάναι, ὅταν οἱ τὴν τῶν νόμων παρακαταθήκην ἔχοντες πρὸς τὰς αἰσχύνας κατακάμπτωνται;
188. I am also surprised, fellow citizens, that you who hate the brothel-keeper propose to let the willing prostitute go free. And it seems that a man who is not to be permitted to be a candidate for election by lot for the priesthood of any god, as being impure of body as that is defined by the laws, this same man is to write in our decrees prayers to the August Goddesses in behalf of the state. Why then do we wonder at the futility of our public acts, when the names of such public men as this stand at the head of the people’ s decrees? And shall we send abroad as ambassador a man who has lived shamefully at home, and shall we continue to trust that man in matters of the greatest moment? What would he not sell who has trafficked in the shame of his own body? Whom would he pity who has had no pity on himself?
188. θαυμάζω δʼ ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κἀκεῖνο, εἰ τοὺς μὲν πορνοβοσκοὺς μισεῖτε, τοὺς δʼ ἑκόντας πεπορνευμένους ἀφήσετε· καὶ ὡς ἔοικεν ὁ αὐτὸς οὗτος ἀνὴρ ἱερωσύνην μὲν οὐδενὸς θεῶν κληρώσεται, ὡς οὐκ ὢν ἐκ τῶν νόμων καθαρὸς τὸ σῶμα γράψει δʼ ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν εὐχὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ταῖς σεμναῖς θεαῖς. εἶτα τί θαυμάζομεν τὴν κοινὴν ἀπραξίαν, τοιούτων ῥητόρων ἐπὶ τὰς τοῦ δήμου γνώμας ἐπιγραφομένων; καὶ τὸν αἰσχρῶς οἴκοι βεβιωκότα ἔξω τῆς πόλεως πρεσβευτὴν πέμψομεν, καὶ τούτῳ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων διαπιστεύσομεν; τί δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοῖτο ὁ τὴν τοῦ σώματος ὕβριν πεπρακώς; τίνα δʼ ἂν οὗτος ἐλεήσειεν ὁ αὑτὸν οὐκ ἐλεήσας;
189. To whom of you is not the bestiality of Timarchus well known? For just as we recognize the athlete, even without visiting the gymnasia, by looking at his bodily vigor, even so we recognize the prostitute, even without being present at his act, by his shamelessness, his effrontery, and his habits. For he who despises the laws and morality in matters of supreme importance, comes to be in a state of soul which is plainly revealed by his disorderly life.
189. τίνι δʼ ὑμῶν οὐκ εὔγνωστός ἐστιν ἡ Τιμάρχου βδελυρία; ὥσπερ γὰρ τοὺς γυμναζομένους, κἂν μὴ παρῶμεν ἐν τοῖς γυμνασίοις, εἰς τὰς εὐεξίας αὐτῶν ἀποβλέποντες γιγνώσκομεν, οὕτω τοὺς πεπορνευμένους, κἂν μὴ παρῶμεν αὐτῶν τοῖς ἔργοις, ἐκ τῆς ἀναιδείας καὶ τοῦ θράσους καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων γιγνώσκομεν. ὁ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν μεγίστων τοὺς νόμους καὶ τὴν σωφροσύνην ὑπεριδών, ἔχει τινὰ ἕξιν τῆς ψυχῆς ἣ διάδηλος ἐκ τῆς ἀκοσμίας τοῦ τρόπου γίγνεται.
190. Many men of this sort you could find who have overthrown cities and have fallen into the greatest misfortunes themselves. For you must not imagine, fellow citizens, that the impulse to wrong doing is from the gods; nay, rather, it is from the wickedness of men; nor that ungodly men are, as in tragedy, driven and chastised by the Furies with blazing torches in their hands.
190. πλείστους δʼ ἂν εὕροιτʼ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ἀνθρώπων πόλεις ἀνατετροφότας καὶ ταῖς μεγίσταις συμφοραῖς αὐτοὺς περιπεπτωκότας. μὴ γὰρ οἴεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰς τῶν ἀδικημάτων ἀρχὰς ἀπὸ θεῶν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἀσελγείας γίγνεσθαι, μηδὲ τοὺς ἠσεβηκότας, καθάπερ ἐν ταῖς τραγῳδίαις, Ποινὰς ἐλαύνειν καὶ κολάζειν δᾳσὶν ἡμμέναις·
191. No, the impetuous lusts of the body and insatiate desire—these it is that fill the robbers’ bands, that send men on board the pirates’ boats; these are, for each man, his Fury, urging him to slay his fellow citizens, to serve the tyrant, to help put down the democracy. For such men reck not of disgrace, nor yet of punishment to come, but are beguiled by the pleasures they expect if they succeed. Therefore, fellow citizens, remove from among us such natures, for so shall you turn the aspirations of the young toward virtue.
191. ἀλλʼ αἱ προπετεῖς τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναὶ καὶ τὸ μηδὲν ἱκανὸν ἡγεῖσθαι, ταῦτα πληροῖ τὰ λῃστήρια, ταῦτʼ εἰς τὸν ἐπακτροκέλητα ἐμβιβάζει, ταῦτά ἐστιν ἑκάστῳ Ποινή, ταῦτα παρακελεύεται σφάττειν τοὺς πολίτας, ὑπηρετεῖν τοῖς τυράννοις, συγκαταλύειν τὸν δῆμον. οὐ γὰρ τὴν αἰσχύνην οὐδʼ ἃ πείσονται λογίζονται, ἀλλʼ ἐφʼ οἷς κατορθώσαντες εὐφρανθήσονται, τούτοις κεκήληνται. ἐξαιρεῖτʼ οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰς τοιαύτας φύσεις, καὶ τὰ τῶν νέων ζηλώματα ἐπʼ ἀρετὴν προτρέψεσθε.
192. And be assured—I earnestly beg of you to remember what I am about to say—be assured that if Timarchus shall pay the penalty for his practices, you will lay the foundation for orderly conduct in this city; but if he shall be cleared, the case had better never have been tried. For before Timarchus came to trial, the law and the name of the courts did cause some men to fear; but if the leader in indecency and the most notorious man of all shall once have been brought into court and then come safely off, many will be induced to offend; and it will finally be, not what is said, but the desperate situation, that will arouse your anger.
192. εὖ ἐπίστασθε, καὶ μοι σφόδρα τὸ μέλλον ῥηθήσεσθαι διαμνημονεύετε, εἰ μὲν δώσει τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων Τίμαρχος δίκην, ἀρχὴν εὐκοσμίας ἐν τῇ πόλει κατασκευάσετε· εἰ δʼ ἀποφεύξεται, κρείττων ἦν ὁ ἀγὼν μὴ γεγενημένος. πρὶν μὲν γὰρ εἰς κρίσιν Τίμαρχον καταστῆναι, φόβον τισὶ παρεῖχεν ὁ νόμος καὶ τὸ τῶν δικαστηρίων ὄνομα· εἰ δʼ ὁ πρωτεύων βδελυρία καὶ γνωριμώτατος εἰσελθὼν περιγενήσεται, πολλοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν ἐπαρεῖ, καὶ τελευτῶν οὐχ ὁ λόγος, ἀλλʼ ὁ καιρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐξοργιεῖ.
193. therefore punish one man, and do not wait till you have a multitude to punish; and be on your guard against their machinations and their advocates. I will name no one of these, lest they make that their excuse for speaking, saying that they would not have come forward had not someone mentioned them by name. But this I will do: I will omit their names, but by describing their habits will make known their persons also. And each man will have only himself to blame if he comes up here and displays his impudence.
193. μὴ οὖν εἰς ἁθρόους, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἕνα ἀποσκήψατε, καὶ τὴν παρασκευὴν καὶ τοὺς συνηγόρους αὐτῶν παρατηρεῖτε· ὧν οὐδενὸς ἐγὼ ὀνομαστὶ μνησθήσομαι, ἵνα μὴ ταύτην ἀρχὴν τοῦ λόγου ποιήσωνται, ὡς οὐκ ἂν παρῆλθον, εἰ μή τις αὐτῶν ὀνομαστὶ ἐμνήσθη. ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνο ποιήσω· ἀφελὼν τὰ ὀνόματα, διεξιὼν δὲ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα, καὶ τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν γνώριμα καταστήσω. ἔσται δʼ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἕκαστος αἴτιος, ἐὰν δεῦρο ἀναβῇ καὶ ἀναισχυντῇ.
194. three sorts of supporters, namely, are going to come into court to help the defendant: firstly, men who have squandered their patrimony by the extravagance of their daily life; secondly, men who have abused their youth and their own bodies, and now are afraid, not for Timarchus, but for themselves and their own habits, lest they one day be called to account; and still others from the ranks of the licentious, and of those who have freely associated with licentious men; for they would have certain men rely on their aid, and thus be the more ready to indulge in wrong-doing.
194. τούτῳ γὰρ παρίασιν ἐκ τριῶν εἰδῶν συνήγοροι, οἱ μὲν ταῖς καθʼ ἡμέραν δαπάναις ἀνηλωκότες τὰς πατρῴας οὐσίας, οἱ δὲ ταῖς ἡλικίαις καὶ τοῖς ἑαυτῶν σώμασιν οὐ καλῶς κεχρημένοι, καὶ δεδιότες οὐ περὶ Τιμάρχου, ἀλλὰ περὶ ἑαυτῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων μή ποτε εἰς κρίσιν καταστῶσιν· ἕτεροι δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἀκολάστων καὶ τῶν τοῖς τοιούτοις κεχρημένων ἀφθόνως, ἵνα ταῖς βοηθείαις αὐτῶν πιστεύοντες ῥᾷόν τινες ἐξαμαρτάνωσιν.
195. therefore you hear the pleas of these men in his support, call to mind their lives, and bid those who have sinned against their own bodies to cease annoying you and to stop speaking before the people; for the law investigates, not men in private station, but those who are in public life. And tell those who have eaten up their patrimony to go to work, and find some new way to get their living. And as for the hunters of such young men as are easily trapped, command them turn their attention to the foreigners and the resident aliens, that they may still indulge their predilection, but without injuring you.
195. ὧν πρὶν τῆς συνηγορίας ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς βίους ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε, καὶ τοὺς μὲν εἰς τὰ σώματα ἡμαρτηκότας μὴ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλεῖν, ἀλλὰ παύσασθαι δημηγοροῦντας κελεύετε· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ νόμος τοὺς ἰδιωτεύοντας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς πολιτευομένους ἐξετάζει· τοὺς δὲ τὰ πατρῷα κατεδηδοκότας ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ ἑτέρωθεν κτᾶσθαι τὸν βίον κελεύετε· τοὺς δὲ τῶν νέων, ὅσοι ῥᾳδίως ἁλίσκονται, θηρευτὰς ὄντας εἰς τοὺς ξένους καὶ τοὺς μετοίκους τρέπεσθαι κελεύετε, ἵνα μήτʼ ἐκεῖνοι τῆς προαιρέσεως ἀποστερῶνται μήθʼ ὑμεῖς βλάπτησθε.
196. And now I have fulfilled all my obligation to you: I have explained the laws, I have examined the life of the defendant. Now, therefore, you are judges of my words, and soon I shall be spectator of your acts, for the decision of the case is now left to your judgment. If, therefore, you do what is right and best, we on our part shall, if it be your wish, be able more zealously to call wrongdoers to account.
196. τὰ μὲν οὖν παρʼ ἐμοῦ δίκαια πάντα ἀπειλήφατε· ἐδίδαξα τοὺς νόμους, ἐξήτασα τὸν βίον τοῦ κρινομένου. νῦν μὲν οὖν ὑμεῖς ἐστε τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων κριταί, αὐτίκα δʼ ὑμέτερος ἐγὼ θεατής· ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ὑμετέραις γνώμαις ἡ πρᾶξις καταλείπεται. εἰ οὖν βουλήσεσθε, τὰ δίκαια καὶ τὰ συμφέροντα ὑμῶν ποιησάντων, φιλοτιμότερον ἡμεῖς ἕξομεν τοὺς παρανομοῦντας ἐξετάζειν.