7. IN the affections of the liver, the patients do not die, indeed, more quickly than in those of the heart; but yet they suffer more pain; for the liver is, in a great measure, a concretion of blood. But if the cause of death happen to be situated in its Portæ, they die no less speedily than from the heart; for these parts are tissues formed of membranes, of important and slender nerves, and of large veins. Hence certain of the philosophers have held that the desires of the soul are seated there. In hemorrhage it greatly surpasses all the others; “for the liver is made up from the roots of veins.” Wherefore a great inflammation does form in it, but not very frequently, nor in its vital parts, for the patient would die previously. But a smaller inflammation often takes place, whence it happens that they escape death, indeed, but experience a more protracted state of disease. For of its office, as regards sanguification, there is no stop nor procrastination, as from it a supply of blood is sent to the heart, and to the parts below the diaphragm. If from a greater cause—a stroke, or continued indigestion of much and bad food, and intoxication, or great cold—an inflammation forms in the portal system, a very speedy death is the result. For there is a latent, smothered, and acrid heat; pulse languid; the kind of pain varied, and every way diversified, sometimes darting to the right side, so as to resemble a sharp weapon fixed in the place, and sometimes resembling tormina; again, at other times the pain is deep—nay, very deep; and, intermediate between the pain, atony and loss of utterance. The diaphragm and succingens (pleura) are dragged downwards; for from them the liver is suspended as a weight. For this reason, a strong pain extends to the clavicle on the same side; an ineffectual cough, or only a desire thereof, and when it comes to a conclusion, dry; respiration bad, for the diaphragm does not co-operate with the lungs, by assisting them in contraction and dilatation. They draw in a small breath, but expire a larger; colour, a dark-green, leaden; they loathe food, or if they force themselves to take any, they become flatulent in the epigastrium; eructations bilious, acid, fetid; nausea, retchings, belly mostly loose, discharges bilious, viscid, small in quantity. The affections always go on increasing; mind not very much deranged, but torpid, unsettled, stupid; much timidity; coldness of the extremities, tremblings, rigors, hiccup of a spasmodic nature, jaundice, bile intense, the whole body tinged with bile. But if it appear before the seventh day, it proves fatal in many cases. But those who have escaped a fatal termination, either by a hemorrhage, or a rapid discharge from the bowels of bilious matters, or from frequent discharges of intense urine, in these cases, after three weeks, the liver is converted into a purulent abscess. But if it pass considerably this period without an abscess, it ends inevitably in dropsy; the patients are thirsty, drink little, are dried in body, lose fat; there is a desire for acids, and an insensibility to taste. Autumn engenders this affection, along with the indigestion produced by much summer-fruit and multifarious food. Of all ages, the adult is most subject to it.
7. τῶν ἀπὸ καρδίης οἱ ἀπὸ ἥπατος οὐκ ὠκύτερον μὲν, ἐπιπονώτερον δὲ θνήσκουσι. ἔστι γὰρ αἵματος πάγος τὸ πλεῖστον ἧπαρ· ἢν δὲ ἐν τῇσι πύλῃσι αὐτέου ξυμπέσῃ τις θανάτου αἰτίη, οὐ μεῖον ὀξέως ἢ οἱ ἀπὸ καρδίης θνήσκουσι. ὑμέσι γὰρ, καὶ τόνοισι ἐπικαίροισι καὶ λεπτοῖσι, καὶ φλεψὶ μεγάλῃσι ἐξύφανται τάδε τὰ μέρεα. ὡς δὲ καὶ τῶν σοφῶν ἀφηγέον ταί τινες, καὶ ψυχῆς ἐπιθυμίη τῇδε ἐγκάθηται. αἱμορραγίῃ μὲν γὰρ ὑπερίσχει πάντα πολλόν· Ῥίζωσις γὰρ φλεβῶν ἧπαρ. γίγνεται ὦν ἐν αὐτέῳ μεγάλη μὲν φλεγμονὴ, οὐ κάρτα ξυνεχέως, οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖσιν ἐς τὰ ἐπίκαιρα χωρία. φθάνει γὰρ ἐξελθὼν τοῦ ζῆν ὥνθρωπος. σμικροτέρη δὲ θαμινά· τοὔνεκεν διαδιδράσκουσι μὲν τὸν ὄλεθρον, μακρότερα δὲ νοσέουσι. ἔργου γὰρ αὐτέου τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἐξαιμάτωσιν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάπαυλα, οὐδὲ ἀμβολή· ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν καρδίην καὶ τὰ νέρθεν τοῦ διαφράγματος ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ τοῦ αἵματος ἀφέσιες. ἢν ἐπὶ μέζονι αἰτίῃ, πληγῇ, ἢ διαφθορῇσι ξυνεχέσι πολλῶν καὶ κακῶν σιτίων, καὶ οἰνοφλυγίῃ, ἢ ψύξι καρτερῇ, καὶ ἐν τῇσι πύλῃσι γίγνεται φλεγμονὴ, ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος. πῦρ μὲν γὰρ ὑποβρύχιον, ἀλαμπὲς, δριμὺ, σφυγμοὶνωθροὶ, πόνου ἰδέη ποικίλη καὶ παντοίη, ἄλλοτε μὲν ἡ ὀδύνη ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ διεληλαμένη, ὡς δοκέειν ὀξὺ βέλος ἐγκέεσθαι, ἄλλοτε δὲ στρόφῳ ἰκέλη· αὖθις δέ κοτε πόνος βαρὺς, βαρύτατος· μεσηγὺ δὲ τῆς ὀδύνης ἀτονίη καὶ ἀφωνίη· διάφραγμα καὶ ὑπεζωκὼς ἕλκονται· ἀπὸ τῶνδε γὰρ ἄχθος τὸ ἧπαρ ἤρτητο· διὰ τόδε ἐς τὴν κατʼ ἴξιν κληΐδα ὀδύνη καρτερή· βὴξ δὲ ἀτελής· προθυμίη δὲ μοῦνον· κἢν ἐς τέλος κοτὲ ἀφίκηται, ξηρή. ἀναπνοὴ κακή· οὐ γὰρ ξυντιμωρέει τῷ πνεύμονι τὸ διάφραγμα, ξυνομαρτέον ἐς ξυναγωγὴν καὶ διάστασιν. πνεῦμα σμικρὸν ἕλκουσι, ἐκπνέουσι μέζον· χροιὴν μελάγχλωροι, μολιβδοειδέες· ἀπόσιτοι· ἢν δέ τι προσενέγκωνται φυσώδεες τῷ ὑποχονδρίῳ, ἐρεύξιες χολώδεες, ὀξίζουσαι, βρωμώδεες· ναυτίη, διάστασις κενεὴ, γαστὴρ ἀπολελυμένη τὰ πολλὰ, χολώδεα, γλίσχρα, βραχέα· ἀεὶ δὲ ἐπαυξέα γίγνεται τὰ πάθεα· γνώμη οὐ κάρτα παράφορος, νωθρὴ, μετέωρος, τετυφωμένη, ὄκνος πουλὺς, ψύξις ἀκρέων, τρόμοι, Ῥίγεα, λὺγξ κενὴ, σπασμώδης, ἴκτερος, χολὴ ἄκρητος, χολόβαφοι τὸ πᾶν. ἢν δὲ καὶ πρὸ ἑβδόμης φανῇ, καὶ ἄλλους ἔκτεινε συχνούς. ὁκόσοι δὲ ἢ αἱμορραγίῃ, ἢ κοιλίης ταράχῳ πολλοῖσι χολώδεσι, ἢ οὔροισι ἀκρήτοισι συχνοῖσι τὸν ὄλεθρον διηλλάξαντο, τουτέοισι δὲ μετὰ τρεῖς ἑβδομάδας ἐς ἀπόστασιν πύου τὸ ἧπαρ τρέπεται· ἢν δὲ ἔτι πολλὸν ὑπερβάλλῃ χρόνον ἄνευ ἀποστάσιος, ἐς ὕδρωπα ἄφυκτον τελευτᾷ· διψαλέοι, βραχυπόται, ξηροὶ τὸ σκῆνος, ἀλιπέες. ὀξέων ἐπιθυμίη, ἄποιος ἡ γεῦσις. τίκτει δὲ τόδε τὸ πάθος φθινόπωρον σὺν πλήθους ὡραίων, καὶ ποικίλων ἀπεψίη· ἡλικίη δὲ, πασέων μᾶλλον ἀκμή.
8. FROM the portæ of the liver, there passes a wide vein through the space intermediate between its extremities, which, being always divided into slender and more numerous branches, is distributed at last all over the liver in vessels imperceptible to the sight; and with their extremities anastomose the extremities of other veins, which, at first, are slender and numerous, grow larger and fewer in number, and, at last, they are collected into one large vein; hence, having become two by division, these pass through the liver. The upper one, then, having passed through the first lobe, appears on its convex side; then, having passed the diaphragm, it is inserted into the heart: this is called the vena cava. The other, having passed through the lower lobe, the fifth, to its concave side, makes its exit near the spine, and is extended along it as far as the ischiatic region; and it, also, is called vena cava. It obtains the same name, as being one and the same vein, which derives its origin from the liver. For if one choose, one may pass a plate of metal from the vena cava connected with the heart to that by the spine, and from the spine through the liver to the heart; for it is the same passage leading upwards. This vein, then, as I think, is all diseased in acute and strong affections; for it is altogether one vein. But other physicians fancy that only the part along the spine is affected, because there are no manifest symptoms in regard to the portion about the heart; for it is extended through the chest, having no adhesions, but floating in the chest, until, from the diaphragm, it adheres to the heart. If, then, any of the great ailments seize this vein, they are concealed by the thorax surrounding it. Wherefore kedmata also form about this vein when a hemorrhage, bursting forth quickly proves fatal, the blood being discharged by the lungs and the arteria aspera, if it burst in the chest; but if, at its origin, the blood is poured into the lower belly, so that the bowels float in it, when the patients die before the blood makes its appearance, the belly being filled with blood. Inflammation likewise forms about the vein, and it, also, proves fatal, if it be great; for there is an acrid and pungent heat enclosed in the cavities of both, but little surpassing what is natural, so that to the touch the heat appears to be slight; but the patient fancies himself burning hot; pulse small, very frequent, so as to appear compressed and forcibly accelerated; coldness of the extremities; intense thirst; dryness of the mouth; redness of countenance, along with paleness; he is reddish over the whole body; hypochondriac region hard, and retracted upwards; pain principally on the right side, and palpitation therein, extending to the flanks; and in certain cases, also, of the artery along the spine, provided the pulsation displays itself in the other hypochondriac region; for lying, as it does, on the left side, it sympathises with the other; the exhalation in the general system affording no relief, and not even making the skin soft, for it is dry, shrivelled, and rough; and more especially in the regions of the body where the bones are prominent, such as the back part of the elbow, the knees, or the knuckles. Sleep disturbed; the bowels, in certain cases, discharging nothing, and in others, the discharges small, acrid, bilious; urine, a bright yellow and pungent; not disordered, indeed, in mind, but they are torpid and wasted. Hence, those who have seen this constitution of disease have called it Causus, for the present symptoms are those of a species of Causus; and in autumn there is a tendency to malignity, both in adults and the young, in whom the habit of body is slender, from bad diet and hard labour. These, for the most part, die on the fourteenth day; but when the disease is protracted, they die in double that period. But those who either originally have a slight inflammation, or when a great inflammation is gradually resolved, escape the disease indeed, but never get rid of the mischief; for they labour under causus a long time. But the dangerous symptoms cease, namely, the pains, distension of the hypochondria, the bad pulse, and torpor of the intellect; but still they have nausea, are ill at ease, with distress of mind; and, moreover, these are attended with an accession of causus and thirst, dryness of the tongue and mouth; they inspire largely, drawing in a long and copious breath, as if wishing to draw in the whole atmosphere, for the purpose of refrigeration. And if they drink a large draught of cold water, they are relieved, indeed, for a short time; but then again the thirst is kindled up, and again they drink copiously. And this is the successive course of the malady. And a good physician would give with impunity a copious cold draught, as in other species of causus, and even with less risk, in the case of those labouring under causus from disease of the vena cava. And if either the bowels or the bladder carry off the drink, there is no necessity for inducing vomiting; but if not, after much cold drink much vomiting must be induced. For the patient would burst, if, after drinking so much, he should have no discharges by sweating, by urine, or by the bowels.
8. ἀπὸ τῶν πυλέων τοῦ ἥπατος εὐρεῖα φλὲψ διαΐσσειμέση τῶν τοῦδε περάτων. ἀεὶ γὰρ ἐς λεπτὰ καὶ πλεῦνα σχιζομένη ἐπὶ τέλος ἐς ἀφανέα τῇσι ὄψισι πάντη τοῦ ἥπατος σκίδνατ αι· τοῖσι δὲ τουτέων πέρασι ἄλλων φλεβῶν περατώσιες κατὰ τὸ στόμα ξυγκέονται, αἵπερ ἐκ λεπτῶν καὶ πλεύνων μέζονες καὶ ἐλάσσονες γίγνονται· ἐπὶ τέλεος ἐν μέσῳ τῷ ἥπατι ἐς μίαν φλέβα μεγάλην συναγείρονται. ἐντεῦθεν δὲ δοιαὶ ἐξ ἀποσχίσιος γιγνόμεναι πέρην τοῦ ἥπατος ἀφικνέονται. ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἄνω τὸν πρῶτον λοβὸν διαπερήσασα ἐς τὰ κυρτὰ αὐτέου ἐξεφαάνθη· ἔπειτα περήνασα τὸ διάφραγμα ἐμφύνει τῇ καρδίῃ· κοίλη φλὲψ ἥδε καλέεται. ἡ δὲ ἑτέρη, τὸν κάτω λοβὸν τὸν πέμπτον διαπερήνασα μέχρι τῶν κυρτῶν, ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥάχιν ἔξεισι, καὶ τῇδε παρατέταται μέχρι τῶν ἰσχίων. ἀτὰρ καὶ ἥδε κοίλη. οὔνομα τὸ αὐτὸ, οὕνεκεν μία καὶ ὡυτή ἐστιν ἡ φλὲψ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος ἴσχουσα. εἰ γάρ τις ἐθέλοι, διελάσαι ἂν ἔλασμα καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἄνωθεν τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίην κοίλης φλεβὸς ἐς τὴν παρὰ τὴν Ῥάχιν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥάχεος διὰ τοῦ ἥπατος ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίην. ἄνοδος γὰρ ἡ αὐτή. ἥδε οὖν ἡ φλὲψ, ὡς ἐγὼ δοκέω, ἡ ξύμπασα νοσέει ὀξέσι πάθεσι, καρτεροῖσι· μία γάρ ἐστι πᾶσα· μετεξετέροισι δὲ ἰητροῖσι μούνη δοκέει παρὰ τὴν Ῥάχιν νοσέειν, οὕνεκα τῆς ἐς τὴν καρδίην τὰ σημεῖα οὐ προφανέα. ἐντὸς γὰρ τοῦ θώρηκος διατέτα ται πρὸς οὐδὲν προσισχο μένη, ἀλλʼ ἐναιωρευμένη τῷ θώρηκι, ἔς τʼ ἂν ἀπὸ τοῦ διαφράγματος ἐμφύῃ τῇ καρδίῃ. ἢν οὖν τι μεγάλων κακῶν ἴσχῃ τήνδε τὴν φλέβα, ξυνέκρυψε ἀμπέχων ὁ θώρηξ. γίγνεται δʼ οὖν ἀμφὶ τήνδε τὴν φλέβα καὶ κέδματα· εὖτε Ῥηγνυμένη αἱμορραγίῃ ὤκιστα κτείνει· ὕπερθεν μὲν διὰ πλεύμονος καὶ ἀρτηρίης ἐκχεομένου, ἢν ἐν τῷ θώρηκι Ῥαγῇ· ἢν δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν, ἐς τὴν κάτω κοιλίην τοῖσι ἐντέροισι περιχέεται, ὡς ἐμπλείειν τὰ ἔντερα, εὖτε πρὶν ἢ καθὲν ἐκφανῆναι τὸ αἷμα, θνήσκουσι οἵδε· ἦν δὲ ἡ κοιλίη πληρευμένη αἵματος. γίγνεται δὲ καὶ φλεγμονὴ ἀμφὶ τὴν φλέβα, ἀτὰρ καὶ ἥδε ὀξέως κτείνει, ἢν μεγάλη ἔῃ· πῦρ μὲν γὰρ δριμὺ, δακνῶδες, ἐν τῇσι κοιλίῃσι ἀμφοῖν ἐγκαθειργμένον, βραχὺ δὲ μοῦνον ὑπερίσχον, ὡς δοκέειν ἁπτομένῳ λεπτὴν ἔμμεναι θέρμην· ὁ δὲ ἄνθρωπος καίεσθαι δοκέει· σφυγμοὶ σμικροὶ, πυκνότατοι, ὁκοῖόν τι πεπιεσμένοι καὶ δεδιωγμένοι. ψύξις ἀκρέων, δίψος καρτερὸν, στόματος ξηρότης, προσώπου ἐρύθημα ξὺν ἀχροίῃ· ὑπέρυθροι δὲ τὸ ξύμπαν σῶμα· ὑποχόνδρια σκληρὰ, ἀνεσπασμένα, ὀδύνη ἐπὶ δεξιὰ μᾶλλον, καὶ παλμὸς τῇδε παραμήκης, μέχρι τῆς λαγόνος· μετεξετέροισι δὲ καὶ τῆς ἀρτηρίης τῆς παρὰ τὴν Ῥάχιν, ἢν ὁ σφυγμὸς ἐς τὸ ἕτερον ὑποχόνδριον διασημαίνῃ. ξυμπαθὴς γὰρ καὶ ἥδε γίγνεται παρʼ αὐτέην ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ κειμένη, ὡς τῆς ἐπὶ τῷ παντὶ διαπνοῆς οὐδὲν ἐπικουφιζούσης, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ τὸ δέρμα μαλθα· ζούσης· ξηρὸν δὲ τόδε καὶ Ῥυσὸν καὶ τρηχύ· καὶ ἐπὶ δὲ μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖσι ἐξίσχουσι ὀστώδεσι· οἷον ὀλεκράνῳ, γούνασι, ἢ κονδύλοισι· ὕπνοι ταραχώδεες, κοιλίη τοῖς μὲν οὐδὲν ἐκδιδοῖ, τοῖς δὲ σμικρὸν, δριμὺ, χολῶδες· οὖρα ξανθὰ, δακνώδεα· τὴν γνώμην οὐ παράφοροιμὲν, νωθροὶ δὲ καὶ μαρασμώδεες. εὖτε ὁκόσοι τήνδε τὴν κατάστασιν εἶδον, καῦσον ἐκάλεον. καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦ γένους τοῦ καύσου τὰ παρεόντα, καὶ ἐν φθινοπώρῳ γίγνεται ἐπὶ τὸ θηριῶδες καὶ ἀκμάζουσι καὶ νέοισι, οἷσι ἰσχνὴ ὑπὸ διαίτης πονηρῆς καὶ ταλαιπωρίης ἡ ἕξις. τεσσαρεσκαιδεκαταῖοι οἵδε τὰ πολλὰ θνήσκουσι· οἷσι δʼ ἂν ἐς μῆκος ἡ νοῦσος ἀφίκηται, ἐν διπλασίοισι ὄλλυνται. ὁκόσοι δὲ ἢ σμικρὴν ἀρχῆθεν ἴσχουσι τὴν φλεγμονὴν, ἢ τῆς μεγάλης κατὰ βραχὺ διαλυομένης, διαδιδράσκουσι μὲν τὸν ὄλεθρον, οὐδέκω δὲ ἀφίενται τοῦ κακοῦ. οἱ δὲ μακρὸν μὲν τὸν χρόνον τὸν καῦσον νοσέουσι· ἀποπαύεται δὲ τὰ κινδυνώ δεα, αἱ ὀδύναι καὶ ξυντάσιες τῶν ὑποχονδρίων, καὶ ἡ κακοσφυξίη, καὶ τῆς γνώμης τὸ νωθές· ἔτι δὲ ἔμπης ἔασιν ἀσώδεες, ἀλύοντες ξὺν ἀπορίῃ· ξύνεστι δὲ ὅ τε καῦσος καὶ τὸ δίψος καὶ τῆς γλώσσης καὶ τοῦ στόματος ἡ ξηρότης· ἀναπνέουσι πολλὸν, μακρὸν ἕλκοντες καὶ ἀθρόον, ὅλον τὸν ἠέρα ἐς ἔμψυξιν ἐπισπώμενοι· ἀτὰρ εἴτε πίνουσι ψυχρὸν χανδὸν πολὺ πλεῖστον, καὶ ἐς μὲν βραχὺ ἀνεκουφίσθησαν, εἶτʼ αὐτοῖς ἐξάπτεται τὸ δίψος, αὖθις ἄδην πίνουσι· καὶ ἥδε ἡ διαδοχὴ τοῦ κακοῦ· καὶ ἰητρὸς δὲ ἀγαθὸς ψυχρὸν ἂν δῴη πολλὸν ἀσινέως, ὅκως ἐν τοῖσι ἄλλοισι καύσοισι· ἀσφαλέστερον δὲ τοῖσι ἀπὸ τῆς κοίλης φλεβὸς νοσέουσι τὸν καῦσον. κἢν μὲν ἡ γαστὴρ ἢ ἡ κύστις τὸ ποτὸν ὑποφέρῃ, οὐδὲ ἐμέτου δεῖ· εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἐπὶ πολλῷ τῷ ψυχρῷ τὸ πολλὸν ἐμέσαι χρή. ἐκραγείη γὰρ ἂν ὥνθρωπος, εἰ τοσόνδε πίνων μηδὲν διαχωροίη, ἢ ἱδρῶσι, ἢ οὔροισι, ἢ κοιλίῃ.
9. THE kidneys, as far as regards the peculiar structure of the organ, are not productive of any great danger, even if they should suffer acutely; for, being of a glandular nature, they are mild and do not experience deadly diseases. But their office is important, namely, the secretion of the urine from the blood, and its expulsion. It is stopped either by a stone, or an inflammation arising there, or a clot of blood, or something such; when no mischief arises from sympathy, owing to the peculiar nature of the organ affected, but the retention of the urine produces all sorts of dreadful symptoms. Heat, which is acrid, and induces nausea; a heavy pain along the spine at the loins; distention of the parts, especially of those about the hypochondrium; suppression of urine, not entirely, but they pass urine in drops, and have a desire to pass more, for there is the sensation of an overflow. But if the urine become acrid and pungent, coldness, tremblings, spasms, distention and fulness of the hypochondria supervene. This miserable state and the conjoined feeling become similar to that of tympanites produced by indigestion, from the taking of too much food. Pulse, at first, indeed, slow and languid; but, if the evil press harder, small, frequent, tumultuous, and irregular: sleep slight, painful, not continued; and suddenly starting up as if from the stroke of a sharp instrument, they fall over again into a deep sleep as if from fatigue: they are not much deranged in intellect, but talk incoherently; the countenance livid. But if the desire of making water return again, the patients pass a small quantity in drops, along with spasms and great pains, when, for a short time, they are relieved from their sufferings, and again they experience a relapse. Of those that die, they sink most quickly who pass no urine; but the greater part recover, either from the stone dropping down into the bladder along with the urine, or from the inflammation being converted into pus, or from being gradually dispelled. For, if the urine pass easily even in small quantity, they escape death; but for a length of time they waste in constitution; the patients undergo these sufferings while still able to keep up, but gradually fall into a state of consumption. The same seasons, places, and ages induce these affections as induce those in connection with the venæ cavæ. Sometimes blood bursts from the kidneys suddenly in large quantity, and flows continuously for many days. None, however, die from the hemorrhage itself, but from the inflammation accompanying the hemorrhage, if the bleeding is stopped; but most frequently they die of strong inflammation induced by the stoppage.
9. νεφροὶ, τὴν μὲν τοῦ σώματος ἰδέην, οὐ κάρτα ἐπίκαιροι ἐς κίνδυνον, ἢν καί τι πάθωσι ὀξέως. ἀδενώδεες γὰρ τὴν φύσιν, ἐς δὲ ὄλεθρον εὐήθεες· ἐπίκαιρον δὲ αὐτέων τὸ ἔργον, ἥ τε διάκρισις τῶν οὔρων ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἡ ἀπόκρισις. ἐπέχει δὲ τήνδε ἢ λίθος, ἢ ἐγγιγνομένη φλεγμονὴ, ἢ αἱμάλωψ, ἤ τι τοιόνδε· εὖτε ἐκ ξυμπαθίης μὲν τῆς διὰ τὴν ἰδέην τοῦ σώματος κακὸν γίγνεται οὐδὲν, ἡ δὲ ἐπίσχεσις τῶν οὔρων πάντα τὰ δεινὰ πρήσσει. πῦρ μὲν γὰρ δριμὺ, ἀσῶδες, ὀδύνη κατʼ ὀσφὺν ἐπὶ Ῥάχι βαρεῖα, διάτασις τῶν μερῶν, μᾶλλον δὲ τῶν ἀμφὶ τὸ ὑποχόνδριον· οὔρου ἐπίσχεσις, οὐκ ἐς τὸ πάμπαν, ἀλλὰ στάγδην μὲν οὐρέουσι, ἐπιθυμίη δὲ πολλὸν ἐκχέαι· πλημμύρης γὰρ αἴσθησις. ἢν δὲ καὶ τὸ οὖρον δριμὺ καὶ δακνῶδες ἐγγένηται, ψύξιες, τρόμοι, σπασμοὶ, διατάσιες καὶ πληρώσιες τῶν ὑποχονδρίων· ἰκέλη ἡ ξυμφορὴ ἥδε καὶ ξυναίσθησις γίγνεται τοῖσι ἀπὸ πλήθεος σιτίων καὶ διαφθορῆς ἐμφυσηθεῖσι τὴν κοιλίην· σφυγμοὶ τὰ πρῶτα μὲν ἀραιοὶ, νωθροί· ἢν δὲ ἐπὶ μᾶλλον τὸ κακὸν πιέζῃ, σμικροὶ, πυκνοὶ, ταραχώδεες, ἄτακτοι, ὕπνοι λεπτοὶ, ὀδυνώδεες, οὐ διηνεκέες, καὶ ἐξαπίνης ἐκθορνύμενοι ὡς ὑπὸ νύξιος, εἶτα ὑποφέρονται ἐς κῶμα, ὡς ὑπὸ καμάτου· τὴν γνώμην οὐ κάρτα παράφοροι, ληρώδεες, πελιδνοὶ τὰ πρόσωπα· ἢν δὲ ἥκῃ αὖθίς κοτε τῆς οὐρήσιος ἡ προθυμίη, ἐπὶ σπασμοῖσι καὶ μεγάλῃσι ὀδύνῃσι βραχὺ ἂν καὶ στάγδην ἐξέκρινε, εὖτε σμικρὸν ἐπανῆκε τῶν πόνων· εἶτα ἐς τὰ αὐτὰ παλινδρομέες· ὀξύτατα δὲ θνήσκουσι τῶνδε οἷσιν οὐδὲν ἐκκρίνει, ὁκόσοι δὴ θνήσκουσι· οἱ πλεῦνες γὰρ περιγίγνονται, ἢ τοῦ λίθου ἐς τὴν κύστιν διὰ τῶν οὔρων ἐκπεσόντος, ἢ τῆς φλεγμονῆς ἐς πῦον τρεπομένης, ἢ κατὰ βραχὺ διαπνεομένης. ἢν γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ἐνδεῶς διεξίῃ τὸ οὖρον Ῥηϊδίως διαδιδρήσκουσι τὸν ὄλεθρον· χρόνῳ δὲ μακρῷ φθίνουσι τὴν ἕξιν. ὀρθῶς τάδε οἱ νοσέοντες πάσχουσι, καὶ καταγίγνονται ἐς σύντηξιν ὑποφερόμενοι. ὧραι δὲ καὶ χῶραι καὶ ἡλικίαι φέρουσι, αἵπερ καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὰς κοίλας φλέβας. ἐξερράγη κοτὲ αἷμα ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν πολλὸν ἀθρόον, καὶ πολλῇσι ἡμέρῃσι ξυνεχὲς ἔρρεε· ἀλλʼ οὔ τινες αἱμορραγίῃ θνήσκου σι, ἀλλὰ τῇ φλεγμονῇ τῇ ξὺν αἱμορραγίῃ γιγνομένῃ, ἢν ἐπισχεθῇ τὸ αἷμα· τὰ πολλὰ δὲ ἐξ ἐπισχέσιος ἐπὶ μεγάλῃ φλεγμονῇ θνήσκουσι.
10. THE bladder is a dangerous part to suffer in acute diseases, even when it merely sympathizes with other parts; but more dangerous and fatal if the affection begin with itself; for it is very potent to make the other parts sympathise with it, as the nerves and the understanding: for the bladder is a cold and white nerve, at a very great distance from the innate heat, but very near the external cold: for it is situated in the lowest part of the belly, at the greatest distance from the chest. But, also, its office is of vital importance, namely, the passage of the urine. Even, then, when the passage is only stopped by stones, or clots, or from any native or foreign mischief, it is of a deadly nature. In women, the phlegmonous tumour of the uterus may compress it; and in men, the straight intestine at the end bowels, called the Rectum. In many cases, too, owing to involuntary restraint from modesty in assemblies and at banquets, being filled it becomes distended; and, from the loss of its contractile power, it no longer evacuates the urine. When, then, the urine is stopped, there is fulness of the parts above, namely, the kidneys; distension of the ureters, grievous pain of the loins, spasms, tremblings, rigors, alienation of mind. But if it suffer from an ulcer or inflammation, there are, indeed, many bad symptoms; but death from the ulcers is by far the most speedy. With regard, however, to the ulceration and purulent abscess, and those other affections which are not very acute, they will be treated of among the chronic diseases; but such as are acute, and prove fatal in fourteen days, or a little earlier or later, such as inflammation, thrombus, or a stone falling down to the neck of the bladder, of these I will now treat. If, therefore, any of these occur, there is retention of urine; swelling in the hypogastric region; acute pain all over the abdomen; distension of the bladder; a sallow sweat on the tenth day; vomitings of phlegm, then of bile; coldness of the whole body, but especially of the feet: but, if the mischief spread farther, there come on fevers attended with hiccup, pulse irregularly frequent and small, redness of the countenance, thirst, distress of mind, delirium, spasms. From deleterious substances, such as cantharides and buprestis, both the bladder is distended with flatus, and the whole belly suffers violence; and all things get worse, and death cannot be long delayed. The bladder also sometimes suffers from hemorrhage; the blood there is bright and thin, but the patients never die from it, although it may not be easy to stop. But from the clots and the inflammation there is danger; for the coldness, mortification, gangrene, and the other evils consequent upon it readily prove fatal. Winter and autumn bring on these diseases. As to age, manhood, but still more old age. The other seasons and periods of life do not generally produce the diseases, and they very rarely prove fatal. Of all others, infants are most free from danger.
10. κύστις χαλεπὴ μὲν ἐν νούσοισι ὀξέῃσι πονῆσαι· κἢν ἄλλοισι ξυμπεπόνθῃ· χαλεπωτέρη δὲ καὶ θανατωδεστέρη, ἢν ἀφʼ ἑωυτῆς ἄρξηται. καὶ γὰρ καὶ δυνατωτάτη πάντα ξυμπαθέα ποιῆσαι, καὶ νεῦρα, καὶ γνώμην. νεῦρον γὰρ ἡ κύστις ψυχρὸν καὶ λευκὸν, ἀτὰρ καὶ πορρωτάτω τοῦ οἰκείου θάλπεος· ἐγγυτάτω δὲ τῆς ἔξω ψύξιος. ἐν γὰρ τῇ νειαιρῇ γαστρὶ κατωτάτω ἵζει προσωτάτω τοῦ θώρηκος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔργον αὐτέης ἐπίκαιρον ἡ τῶν οὔρων ἔξοδος. κἢν οὖν μοῦνον ἥδε ἐπισχεθῇ λίθοισι, ἢ θρόμβοισι, ἤ τεῳ ἄλλῃ ἰδίῃ, ἢ ἀλλοτρίῃ ξυμφορῇ, θανατῶδες. ἐπὶ γυναικῶν μὲν γὰρ αὐτέων καὶ ὑστέρων φλεγμονὴ ἀναπιέζει, ἐπʼ ἀνδρῶν δὲ, τὸ ἔσχατον, τὸ εὐθὺ, τὸ παράμηκε ς ἔντερον. ἐν πολλοῖσι δὲ ἐκ καρτερίης ἀεκουσίου ὑπʼ αἰδοῦς ἐν ξυλλόγοισι ἢ ξυνδείπνοισι πληρουμένη διατέταται, ἀδρανίῃ τε περιστολῆς οὐκέτι μεθίησι. ἐπὴν οὖν ἐπίσχῃ τὰ οὖρα, πληρώσιες καὶ τῶν ὕπερθεν μερέων· νεφρῶν, οὐρητήρων διατάσιες· λαγόνων ὀδύνη βαρείη, σπασμὸς, τρόμος, Ῥίγεα, γνώμην παράφοροι. ἢν δὲ πρὸς τοῖσι καὶ ἕλκος πεπόνθῃ ἢ φλεγμονὴν, πολλὰ μὲν τὰ κακὰ, ὄλεθρος δὲ πολλόντι ἑλκέων ὤκιστος. ἀλλʼ ἀμφὶ μὲν ἕλκεος καὶ ἀποστάσιος πυώδεος, καὶ τῶν ὁκόσα μὴ ὀξύταταᾖ, ἐν τοῖσι χρονίοισι λελέξεται· ὁκόσα δὲ κατόξεα, καὶ ἐν ιδʼ ἡμέρῃσιν, ἢ ὀλίγῳ θᾶσσον, ἢ βράδιον κτείνει, ὁκοῖον φλεγμονὴ, ἢ θρόμβοι, ἢ λίθος ἐς τὸν τράχηλον ἐμπεσὼν, περὶ τῶνδε νῦν ἐρέω. ἢν οὖν τι τουτέων ξυμβῇ, οὔρων ἐπισχέσιες, ὄγκος ἐν τῷ ὑπογαστρίῳ, ὀδύνη ὀξείη, πάντη τῆς κοιλίης· περίτασις τῆς κύστιος, ὁ ὠχρὸς ἱδρὼς τῇ δεκάτῃ, ἔμετοι φλεγματώδεες, ἔπειτα χολώδεες, ψύξις ὅλου, ποδῶν δὲ μᾶλλον· ἢν δὲ ἐπὶ μέζον τὸ κακὸν ἕρπῃ, πυρετοὶ λυγγώδεες, σφυγμοὶ, ἀταξίῃ πυκνοὶ, καὶ μικροὶ, ἐρύθημα τοῦ προσώπου, διψώδεες, ἀπορίη, γνώμην παράφοροι, σπασμοί. ἐπὶ δὲ φαρμάκοισι δηλητηρίοισι, κανθαρίσι, ἢ βουπρήστι, καὶ πνεύμασι ἐμπίπραται ἡ κύστις, καὶ ἡ ξύμπασα κοιλίη βιαιοτέρη, καὶ πάντα κακίω, καὶ οὐκ εἰς μακρὸν ἡ τοῦ θανάτου ἀμβολή. Αἱμορραγέει κοτὲ κύστις· ξανθόντε καὶ λεπτὸν τῇδε τὸ αἷμα· ἀλλʼ οὐδέν τι διὰ τήνδε θνήσκουσι, κἂν μὴ Ῥηϊδίη ἡ ἐπίσχεσις· ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τοῖσι θρόμβοισι καὶ τῇ φλεγμονῇ ὁ κίνδυνος. ψύξις γὰρ καὶ νέκρωσις, καὶ γαγγραινώσιες, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῇδε κακὰ Ῥηϊδίως κτείνει. φέρει δὲ τὰς νόσους, χεῖμα, καὶ μετόπωρον. ἡλικίη δὲ ἀκμὴ, ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον γῆρας· αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι ὧραι καὶ αἱ ἡλικίαι οὔτε ξυνεχέως καὶ ἥκιστα κτείνουσι. ἀσινέστατα δὲ πάντων τὰ παιδία.
11. IN the middle of the flanks of women lies the womb, a female viscus, closely resembling an animal; for it is moved of itself hither and thither in the flanks, also upwards in a direct line to below the cartilage of the thorax, and also obliquely to the right or to the left, either to the liver or spleen; and it likewise is subject to prolapsus downwards, and, in a word, it is altogether erratic. It delights, also, in fragrant smells, and advances towards them; and it has an aversion to fetid smells, and flees from them; and, on the whole, the womb is like an animal within an animal. When, therefore, it is suddenly carried upwards, and remains above for a considerable time, and violently compresses the intestines, the woman experiences a choking, after the form of epilepsy, but without convulsions. For the liver, diaphragm, lungs and heart, are quickly squeezed within a narrow space; and therefore loss of breathing and of speech seems to be present. And, moreover, the carotids are compressed from sympathy with the heart, and hence there is heaviness of head, loss of sensibility, and deep sleep. And in women there also arises another affection resembling this form, with sense of choking and loss of speech, but not proceeding from the womb; for it also happens to men, in the manner of catochus. But those from the uterus are remedied by fetid smells, and the application of fragrant things to the female parts; but in the others these things do no good; and the limbs are moved about in the affection from the womb, but in the other affection not at all. Moreover, voluntary and involuntary tremblings........... but from the application of a pessary to induce abortion, powerful congelation of the womb, the stoppage of a copious hemorrhage, and such like. If, therefore, upon the womb’s being moved upwards, she begin to suffer, there is sluggishness in the performance of her offices, prostration of strength, atony, loss of the faculties of her knees, vertigo, and the limbs sink under her; headache, heaviness of the head, and the woman is pained in the veins on each side of the nose. But if they fall down they have heartburn..... in the hypochondriac regions; flanks empty, where is the seat of the womb; pulse intermittent, irregular, and failing; strong sense of choking; loss of speech and of sensibility; respiration imperceptible and indistinct; a very sudden and incredible death, for they have nothing deadly in their appearance; in colour like that of life, and for a considerable time after death they are more ruddy than usual; eyes somewhat prominent, bright, not entirely fixed, but yet not very much turned aside. But if the uterus be removed back to its seat before the affection come to a conclusion, they escape the suffocation. When the belly rumbles there is moisture about the female parts, respiration thicker and more distinct, a very speedy rousing up from the affection, in like manner as death is very sudden; for as it readily ascends to the higher regions, so it readily recedes. For the uterus is buoyant, but the membranes, its supporters, are humid, and the place is humid in which the uterus lies; and, moreover, it flees from fetid things, and seeks after sweet: wherefore it readily inclines to this side and to that, like a log of wood, and floats upwards and downwards. For this reason the affection occurs in young women, but not in old. For in those in whom the age, mode of life, and understanding is more mobile, the uterus also is of a wandering nature; but in those more advanced in life, the age, mode of living, understanding, and the uterus are of a steady character. Wherefore this suffocation from the womb accompanies females alone. But the affections common to men happen also to the uterus, such as inflammation and hemorrhage, and they have the common symptoms; namely, fever, asphexy, coldness, loss of speech. But in hemorrhage the death is even more sudden, being like that of a slaughtered animal.
11. ἐν τῇσι λαγόσι τῶν γυναικῶν μέσῃσι ἐγκέεται ἡ μήτρη, σπλάγχνον γυναικήϊον ἄγχιστα ζωῶδες. κινέεται γὰρ ἐξ ἑωυτέης ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἐπὶ τὰς λαγόνας· ἀτὰρ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄνω, κατʼ ἴξιν μὲν ὑπὸ τὸν χόνδρον τοῦ θώρηκος, ἐς τὰ πλάγια δὲ ἐπὶ δεξιὰ, ἢ ἐς ἀριστερ ὰ, ἢ ἐς ἧπαρ, ἢ σπλῆνα, γίγνεται δὲ καὶ προπετεστέρη ἐς τὰ κάτω, καὶ ξυλλήβδην εἴπωμεν, πάντη ἐστὶ πλανώδης· καὶ εὐώδεσι ὀσμήσεσι τέρπεται, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτὰ ἵεται· ἄχθεται δὲ τοῖσι κακόδμοισι, καὶ αὐτὰ φεύγει· καὶ τὸ ξύμπαν ἐν τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐστὶ ἡ ὑστέρη, ὁκοῖόντι ζῷον ἐν ζῴῳ. ἥδε οὖν ἢν ἐξαπίνης ἀνώϊστος γένηται, καὶ ἐπιπολὺ ἄνω μείνῃ, καὶ ἐκβιάσηται τὰ σπλάγχνα, ἀπεπνίχθη κοτὲ ἡ ἄνθρωπος, τρόπον τὸν ἐπιληπτικὸν, ἄνευθεν σπασμῶν· ἐπιέζετο γὰρ ὠκέως στενοχωρίῃ ἧπαρ, διάφραγμα, πνεύμων, καρδίη. τοὔνεκεν ἀπνοίη ξυνεῖναι δοκέει καὶ ἀφωνίη. ἀτὰρ καὶ αἱ καρωτίδες ξυμπαθίῃ τῆς καρδίης πιέζονται. διὰ τόδε καρηβαρίαιτε, καὶ ἀναισθησία ξύνεστι καὶ κάρος. γίγνεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλο πάθος αὐτέῃσι ἴκελον τῇδε ξυμμορφῇ, ξὺν πνιγὶ καὶ ἀφωνίῃ, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀπὸ ὑστέρης. καὶ γὰρ τόδε καὶ ἀνδράσι γίγνεται κατοχώδεα τρόπον. ἀλλὰ τῇσι μὲν ἀπὸ ὑστέρης κακώδεες ἐπαρήγουσι ὀδμαὶ, καὶ εὐωδέων πρὸς τὰ γυναικήϊα ὑποθέσιες· τῇσι δὲ ἑτέρῃσι τάδε οὐδὲν ἐπαρήγει· καὶ τὰ μέλεα κινέονται ἀπὸ ὑστέρης, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ ἑτέρου πάθεος ἥκιστα. ἔτι δὲ τρόμοι αὐτόματοι καὶ οὐκ αὐτόματοι, … ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὑποθέσιος ἀμβλωθριδίου. ψύξιες καρτεραὶ τῆς ὑστέρης, αἱμορραγίης ἀθρόης ἐπίσχεσις καὶ ὁκόσα τοιάδε. ἢν οὖν ἄρξηται πάσχειν κινευμέ νης ἄνω τῆς ὑστέρης, ὄκνος ἔργων πρήξιος, ἔκλυσις, ἀτονίη, γουνάτων ἀκρασίη, σκοτόδινος, καὶ τὰ γυῖα λύονται, κεφαλῆς πόνος, καρηβαρίη. τὰς φλέβας τὰς ἑκατέρωθεν τῆς Ῥινὸς ἀλγέει ἡ γυνή. ἢν δὲ καταπέσωσι, καρδιώσσουσι, … ἐν τοῖσι ὑποχονδρίοισι, λαγόνες κεναὶ, ἔνθα ἡ ἕδρη τῆς ὑστέρης, σφυγμοὶ διαλείποντες, ἄτακτοι, ἐκλείποντες, πνὶξ καρτερὴ, ἀφωνίη, ἀναισθησίη, ἡ ἀναπνοὴ ἄσημος, ἀσαφὴς, ὤκιστος καὶ ἄπιστος ὁ θάνατος. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἴσχουσι νεκρῶδες· ἐς χροιὴν ζωώδεες. ἐρυθρότεραι μᾶλλον μέχρι πολλοῦ τοῦ θανάτου· ὀφθαλμοὶ μικρόντι ἐξίσχοντες, λαμπροὶ, οὐ κάρτα μὲν ἀτενέες, ἀτὰρ οὐδὲ κάρτα κεκαμμένοι. ἢν δὲ μετακινέηταί κοτε ἐς ἕδρην ἡ ὑστέρη, πρὶν ἐς τέλος ἰέναι τὸ πάθος, διαδιδράσκουσι τὴν πνίγα· εὖτε κοιλίη ὑποβορβορύζει, ὑγρότης τῶν γυναικηΐων τόπων, ἀναπνοὴ δασυτέρη καὶ σαφεστέρη· ὠκίστη ἐκ τοῦ πάθεος ἡ ἔγερσις, ὅκως καὶ ὁ θάνατος ὤκιστος. καὶ γὰρ Ῥηϊδίως τοῖσι ἄνω προσχωρέει· ἀτὰρ ἠδὲ Ῥηϊδίως ἀφίσταται· ἀκρόπλοός τε γὰρ ἡ ὑστέρη· ὑγροὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ ὑμένες οἱ ὀχῆες αὐτῆς· ὑγρὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ χωρίον, ἔνθα κέεται ἡ ὑστέρη· πρὸς δὲ φυγῇ τε καὶ ὁρμῇ χρέεται ἡδέων τε καὶ ἀηδέων. Ῥηϊδίως οὖν νεύει ὅκως πρέμνον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω πλώει. διὰ τόδε νεήνισι τὸ πάθος γίγνεται, γεραιτέρῃσι δὲ ἥκιστα. ᾗσι γὰρ ἡλικίητε καὶ βιοτὴ καὶ γνώμη πλανωδεστέρη, τῇσι καὶ ὑστέρη ἐστὶ Ῥεμβώδης· ἀπηλικεστέρῃσι δὲ εὐσταθέα καὶ ἡλικίη καὶ βίος, καὶ γνώμη, καὶ ὑστέρη. ἥδε μὲν οὖν ἡ ἀπὸ ὑστέρης πνὶξ μούνῃσι γυναιξὶ παρομαρτέει. γίγνεται δὲ καὶ ξυνὰ πρὸς ἄνδρας πάθεα τῇ ὑστέρῃ, φλεγμονὴ, αἱμορραγίη· ξυνὰ δὲ καὶ τὰ παρεόντα σημεῖα, πυρετοὶ, ἀσφυξίη, ψύξις, ἀφωνίη· ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ αἱμορραγίῃ καὶ ὀξύτεροι οἱ θάνατοι, ὁκοῖόν τι ἐν ζῴῳ σφαγή.
12. THE Satyrs, sacred to Bacchus, in the paintings and statues, have the member erect, as the symbol of the divine performance. It is also a form of disease, in which the patient has erection of the genital organ, the appellation of Satyriasis being derived from its resemblance to the figure of the god. It is an unrestrainable impulse to connection; but neither are they at all relieved by these embraces, nor is the tentigo soothed by many and repeated acts of sexual intercourse. Spasms of all the nerves, and tension of all the tendons, groins, and perineum, inflammation and pain of the genital parts, redness of countenance, and a dewy moisture. Wrapped up in silent sorrow, they are stupid, as if grievously afflicted with their calamity. But if the affection overcome the patient’s sense of shame, he will lose all restraint of tongue as regards obscenity, and likewise all restraint in regard to the open performance of the act, being deranged in understanding as to indecency; for they cannot restrain themselves, are thirsty, and vomit much phlegm. Afterwards, froth settles on their lips, as is the case with goats in the season of rutting, and the smell likewise is similar. The urine, after long retention, is white, thick, and like semen; bowels constipated; spontaneous titillations of the sides and arm-pits; they have convulsions, loathe food, or, if presented to them, they snatch it confusedly. But if the illness tend to death, they become flatulent, belly protuberant, tension of the tendons and of all the muscles, difficulty of movement, contraction of the limbs, pulse small, weak, and irregular. All these symptoms have been sometimes removed by copious discharges from the bowels of phlegm and bile, and by vomiting in like manner, not without danger. The proper cure is deep and very protracted sleep; for much sleep induces coldness, paralysis, and torpor of the nerves; and torpidity and refrigeration cure Satyriasis. The affection, for the most part, is formed in spring and summer. Of the periods of life, it occurs principally in boys and striplings, more especially in such as are naturally prone to sexual intercourse. It is a most acute, disgusting, and unseemly ailment. For the most part, the patients die on the seventh day. It is said, that women also suffer from this affection; that they have the same impulse to venery, and the other symptoms the same. I believe, indeed, that lust is engendered in women of a humid temperament, so as to induce a copious discharge of the superfluous humours; but I do not at all believe that they are affected with Satyriasis, for their nature, being cold, is not adapted to it. But neither, also, has woman the parts necessary for erection, like those of a Satyr, whence the affection derives its name; and neither also are men subject to suffocation from the womb, because men have not an uterus.
12. οἱ σάτυροι τοῦ Διονύσου ἱεροὶ ἐν τῇσι γραφῇσι καὶ τοῖσι ἀγάλμασι ὄρθια ἴσχουσι τὰ αἰδοῖα, ξύμβολον τοῦ θείου πρήγματος. ἔστι δὲ καὶ πάθεος ἰδέη, ἀνίσχοντος ὄρθια τοῦ πάσχοντος τὰ αἰδοῖα· ἐπίκλησις σατυρίησις ἐς ὁμοιότητα τοῦ θεοῦ σχήματος. ὁρμὴ δέ ἐστι ἄσχετος ἐς ὁμιλίην· ἀτὰρ οὐδʼ ἐν τῇσι προσόδοισι οὐδὲν ὠφελέονται· οὐδὲ ἐπὶ πολλῇσι καὶ συνεχέεσι ὁμιλίῃσι πρηο̈́νονται τὸ ὄρθιον. σπασμοὶ δὲ ἁπάντων τῶν νεύρων, καὶ ἔντασις τενόντων, καὶ βουβώνων, καὶ πληχάδος, φλεγμονὴ τῶν αἰδοίων καὶ πόνος, ἐρύθημα προσώπου, καὶ ἰκμὰς νοτίδι ἰκέλη. περιστελλό μενοι, ἡσυχῇ ἐπίλυποι, κατηφέες, ὥσπερ ἀχθόμενοι τῇ ξυμφορῇ· ἢν δὲ ὑπερίσχῃ καὶ τὴν αἰδῶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ πάθος, ἀκρατέες μὲν γλώσσης ἐς τὸ ἄκοσμον· ἀκρατέες δὲ ἐς τὸ ἄμφαδον καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἔργου πρήξιος, παράφοροι τὴν γνώμην ἐς τὸ ἄσχημον. κατέχειν γὰρ οὐ δύνανται· διψώδεες, φλέγμα πολλὸν ἐμέουσι· ἔπειτεν τοῖσι χείλεσι ἀφρὸς ἐφιζάνει, ὅκωσπερ τοῖσι ὀργῶσι τῶν τράγων· ἀτὰρ ἠδὲ ὀσμὴ ὁμοίη. οὖρον ἐξ ἐπισχέσιος πολλῆς, λευκὸν, παχὺ, γονοειδές. κοιλίη ἀπολελημμένη, γαργαλισμοὶ αὐτόματοι πλευρέων καὶ μασχαλῶν, σπασμώδεες, ἀπόσιτοι, εἰ δὲ προσφέροιν το, ἁρπάγδην, ταραχώδεες. ἢν δὲ ἐς ὄλεθρον ἥκῃ τὸ κακὸν, φυσώδεες· κοιλίην ἐπηρμένοι, τενόντων καὶ μυῶν τῶν πάντων ξύντασις, δυσκινησίη, ξυνολκαὶ μελέων, σφυγμοὶ μικροὶ, ἀσθενέες, ἄτακτοι. ἔλυσέ κοτε τάδε πάντα κοιλίη ἐκταραχθεῖσα πολλοῖσι φλεγματώδεσι, χολώδεσι, ἔμετος ὁμοίως. οὐκ ἄνευθεν κινδύνου ἴησις, ὕπνος βαθὺς καὶ μήκιστος· ψύξις γὰρ καὶ πάρεσις και νάρκη νεύρων, ὕπνος πουλύς. νάρκη δὲ καὶ ψύξις σατυρίησιν ἰῆται. γίγνεται δὲ τὸ πάθος ἦρος μάλιστα καὶ θέρεος· ἡλικίῃσι δὲ, μειρακίοισι καὶ νέοισι. μάλιστα δὲ ὁκόσοισι ἡ φύσις ἐς ξυνουσίην ἐτοίμη· ὀξύτατον ἠδὲ ἀτερπὲς, ἠδὲ ἄκοσμον κακόν. τὰ πολλὰ γὰρ ἐν ἑβδόμῃ θνήσκουσι. λόγος δὲ ὅτι καὶ γυναῖκες πάσχουσι τοῦτο τὸ πάθος, καὶ ἥ τε ἐς τὰ ἀφροδίσια ὁρμὴ ὁμοίη καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ξύμπαντα τὰ αὐτά· ἐγὼ δὲ μαχλοσύνην μὲν γυναιξὶ ὑγρῇσι πείθομαι γίγνεσθαι, ἐς ἔκχυσιν τοῦ πλήθεος τούτων· σατυρίησιν δὲ ἥκιστα. οὔτε γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτέων ἑτοίμη· ψυχρὴ γάρ· ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ μόρια ἐς ὀρθίησιν, ὅκωσπερ σάτυρος, ἴσχει γυνὴ, ὥσπερ τὸ πάθος ἐπώνυμον. οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ πνίγα τὴν ἀπὸ ὑστέρης νοσέουσι ἄνδρες, οὕνεκεν οὐκ ἴσχει ὑστέρην ἀνήρ.