"After them was a four-wheeled wagon fourteen cubits long, and eight cubits wide; and it was drawn by a hundred and eighty men; and in it was placed an image of Bacchus ten cubits high, pouring libations of wine out of a golden goblet, having on a purple tunic reaching down to the feet; and he was clad in a purple garment embroidered with gold; and in front of him there lay a golden Lacedæmonian goblet, holding fifteen measures of wine, and a golden tripod, in which was a golden incense-burner, and two golden bowls, full of cassia and saffron; and a shade covered it round adorned with ivy-leaves, and vine-leaves, and all sorts of other green leaves; and to it were fastened chaplets, and fillets, and thyrsi, and drums, and turbans, and satyric and comic and tragic masks. And the wagon was followed by priests and priestesses, and newly initiated votaries, and by companies of every nation, and by people bearing the mystic fan. And after this came the Bacchanalian women, called Macetæ, and Mimallones, and Bassaræ, and Lydians, with dishevelled hair, and wearing garlands, some of snakes, and others of branches of yew and of vine-leaves and ivy-leaves, and some held daggers in their hands, and others held snakes. And after them another four-wheeled wagon was drawn of the width of eight cubits, and it was drawn by sixty men and in it was a statue of Nysa, of eight cubits high, in a sitting posture, clothed in a box-coloured tunic embroidered with gold, and it was also clad in a Laconian cloak; and this statue rose up by mechanism, without any one applying his hand to it; and it poured libations of milk out of a golden bottle, and then it sat down again; and in its left hand it bore a thyrsus wrapped round with turbans, and it was crowned with a garland of ivy-leaves, made of gold, and with gorgeous bunches of grapes inlaid with precious stones; and it had a parasol over it; and on the corners of the wagon were fastened four golden lamps. "And next to that another four-wheeled wagon was drawn along, twenty cubits in length and sixteen in width, and it was drawn by three hundred men. And on it there was a wine-press twenty-four cubits in length and fifteen in breadth, full of grapes; and sixty Satyrs were trampling on the grapes, singing a song in praise of the wine-press, to the music of a flute. And Silenus presided over them; and the new wine ran out over the whole road. Next to that was drawn along a wagon, twenty-five cubits long and fourteen broad; and that was drawn by six hundred men. And on this wagon was a sack holding three thousand measures of wine, consisting of leopards' skins, sewn together. And this too allowing its liquor to escape, gradually flowed over the whole road. And it was followed by Satyri and Sileni, to the number of a hundred and twenty, all wearing garlands, and carrying some casks of wine, and some bowls, and some large Thericlean goblets, all made of gold. And next to that was carried a silver vessel conaining six hundred measures of wine, being drawn on a four-wheeled wagon by six hundred men. Arid under its lips, and under its ears, and under its bottom, it had figures of animals engraved; and in the middle it was crowned with a golden crown, inlaid with precious stones. Next to that there were carried two silver goblets, twelve cubits in circumference and six cubits in height; and these had figures standing out in relief above, and also on their round parts all round And on their feet they had chased figures of animals two cubits and a half long and a cubit high, in great numbers: and ten large bathing-vessels, and sixteen ewers, of which the larger ones contained thirty measures, and the smaller ones five; then six kettles, and twenty-four banoti, on five side-boards; and two silver wine-presses, on which were twenty-four urns; and a table of solid silver twelve cubits round; and thirty other tables six cubits each in circumference: and in addition to this, four tripods, one of which was sixteen cubits in circumference, and was made entirely of silver; but the other three, which were less, were studded with precious stones in the middle. And after these there were carried some Delphic tripods, made of silver, eighty in number, smaller than those previously described, being also of a square, or four-cornered shape. And six-and-twenty water-cans, and sixteen Panathenaic jars, and a hundred and sixty wine-coolers, the largest of which contained six measures, and the smallest contained two; and all these were made of silver.
μετὰ τούτους τετράκυκλος πηχῶν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ὀκτὼ δὲ τὸ πλάτος, ἤγετο ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτης ἐπῆν ἄγαλμα Διονύσου δεκάπηχυ σπένδον ἐκ καρχησίου χρυσοῦ, χιτῶνα πορφυροῦν ἔχον διάπεζον καὶ ἐπ’ αὐτοῦ κροκωτὸν διαφανῆ· περιεβέβλητο δὲ ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν χρυσοποίκιλον. προέκειτο δὲ αὐτοῦ κρατὴρ Λακωνικὸς χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν δεκαπέντε καὶ τρίπους χρυσοῦς, ἐφ’ οὗ θυμιατήριον χρυσοῦν καὶ φιάλαι δύο χρυσαῖ, κασίας μεσταὶ καὶ κρόκου, περιέκειτο δ’ αὐτῷ καὶ σκιὰς ἐκ κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς ὀπώρας κεκοσμημένη, προσήρτηντο δὲ καὶ στέφανοι καὶ ταινίαι καὶ θύρσοι καὶ τύμπανα καὶ μίτραι πρόσωπά τε σατυρικὰ καὶ κωμικὰ καὶ τραγικά. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ … ἱερεῖς καὶ ἱέρειαι καὶ ἱεροστολισταὶ καὶ θίασοι παντοδαποὶ καὶ τὰ λῖκνα φέρουσαι. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Μακέται αἱ καλούμεναι Μιμαλλόνες καὶ Βασσάραι καὶ Λυδαί, κατακεχυμέναι τὰς τρίχας καὶ ἐστεφανωμέναι τινὲς μὲν ὄφεσιν, αἱ δὲ μίλακι καὶ ἀμπέλῳ καὶ κισσῷ κατεῖχον δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν αἱ μὲν ἐγχειρίδια, αἱ δὲ ὄφεις. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας ἤγετο τετράκυκλος πηχῶν ὀκτὼ πλάτος ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξήκοντα, ἐφ’ ἧς ἄγαλμα Νύσης ὀκτάπηχυ καθήμενον, ἐνδεδυκὸς μὲν θάψινον χιτῶνα χρυσοποίκιλον, ἱμάτιον δὲ ἠμφίεστο Λακωνικόν. ἀνίστατο δὲ τοῦτο μηχανικῶς οὐδενὸς τὰς χεῖρας προσάγοντος καὶ σπεῖσαν ἐκ χρυσῆς φιάλης γάλα πάλιν ἐκάθητο. εἶχε δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ θύρσον ἐστεμμένον μίτραις. αὕτη δ’ ἐστεφάνωτο κισσίνῳ χρυσῷ καὶ βότρυσι διαλίθοις πολυτελέσιν. εἶχε δὲ σκιάδα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γωνιῶν τῆς τετρακύκλου κατεπεπήγεσαν λαμπάδες διάχρυσοι τέτταρες. ἑξῆς εἵλκετο ἄλλη τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι, πλάτος ἑκκαίδεκα, ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν τριακοσίων ἐφ’ ἧς κατεσκεύαστο ληνὸς πηχῶν εἴκοσι τεσσάρων, πλάτος πεντεκαίδεκα, πλήρης σταφυλῆς, ἐπάτουν δὲ ἑξήκοντα Σάτυροι πρὸς αὐλὸν ᾄδοντες μέλος ἐπιλήνιον, ἐφειστήκει δ’ αὐταῖς Σιληνός. καὶ δι’ ὅλης τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ γλεῦκος ἔρρει. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι πέντε, πλάτος τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ἤγετο δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων ἐφ’ ἧς ἦν ἀσκὸς τρισχιλίους ἔχων μετρητάς, ἐκ παρδαλῶν ἐρραμμένος· ἔρρει δὲ καὶ οὗτος κατὰ μικρὸν ἀνιέμενος κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν. ἠκολούθουν δ’ αὐτῷ Σάτυροι καὶ Σιληνοὶ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι ἐστεφανωμένοι, φέροντες οἱ μὲν οἰνοχόας, οἱ δὲ φιάλας, οἱ δὲ θηρικλείους μεγάλας, πάντα χρυσᾶ, ἐχόμενος ἤγετο κρατὴρ ἀργυροῦς ἑξακοσίους χωρῶν μετρητὰς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου ἑλκομένης ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων, εἶχε δὲ ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη καὶ τὰ ὦτα καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν βάσιν ζῷα τετορευμένα καὶ διὰ μέσου ἐστεφάνωτο στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ διαλίθῳ. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο κυλικεῖα ἀργυρᾶ δωδεκαπήχη δύο, ὕψος πηχῶν ἕξ· ταῦτα δ’ εἶχεν ἄνω τε ἀκρωτήρια καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις κύκλῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ποδῶν ζῷα τριημιπήχη καὶ πηχυαῖα πλήθει πολλά, καὶ λουτῆρες μεγάλοι δέκα καὶ κρατῆρες ἑκκαίδεκα, ὧν οἱ μείζους ἐχώρουν μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, οἱ δ’ ἐλάχιστοι πέντε, εἶτα λέβητες βαλανωτοὶ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες ἐπ’ ἐγγυθήκαις πάντες καὶ ληνοὶ ἀργυραῖ δύο, ἐφ’ ὧν ἦσαν βῖκοι εἴκοσι τέσσαρες, τράπεζά τε ὁλάργυρος δωδεκάπηχυς καὶ ἄλλαι ἑξαπήχεις τριάκοντα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τρίποδες τέσσαρες, ὧν εἷς μὲν εἶχε τὴν περίμετρον πηχῶν ἑκκαίδεκα, κατάργυρος ὢν ὅλος, οἱ δὲ τρεῖς ἐλάττονες ὄντες διάλιθοι κατὰ μέσον ὑπῆρχον. μετὰ τούτους ἐφέροντο Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες ἀργυροῖ ὀγδοήκοντα τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἐλάττους τῶν προειρημένων, ὧν αἱ γωνίαι …, τετραμέτρητοι· ὑδρίαι εἴκοσι καὶ ἕξ, ἀμφορεῖς Παναθηναικοὶ δεκαέξ, ψυκτῆρες ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα· τούτων ὁ μέγιστος ἦν μετρητῶν ἕξ, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος δύο. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἦν ἅπαντα ἀργυρᾶ.
"And next to them, those men followed in the procession who carried the articles of gold-plate,—four Lacedæmonian goblets, having crowns on them made to represent vine-leaves, each containing four measures; and two of Corinthian workmanship placed on sideboards, and these had figures of animals in richly chased work of great beauty, in a sitting posture, and on their necks and on their bellies were other reliefs curiously wrought, and each of them contained eight measures. And there was a wine-press in which there were ten urns, and two jars, each holding five measures, and two flagons, each holding two measures, and twenty-two wine-coolers, the largest of which contained thirty measures, and the smallest one measure. There were also exhibited four large golden tripods, and a large sideboard for gold plate, that being also made of gold itself and studded with precious stones, ten cubits in height, having six rows of shelves in it, on which were figures of animals of the size of four palms, most exquisitely wrought, in very great numbers; and two goblets, and two crystal goblets mounted in gold; and four more sideboards, two of them four cubits high; and three others which were smaller, and ten water-cans, and an altar three cubits high, and twenty-five dishes for holding barley loaves. “After this had been carried by, there walked sixteen hun- dred boys clad in white tunics, and crowned some with ivy, and some with pine, of whom two hundred and fifty carried golden choes, and four hundred carried silver ones; and of the rest three hundred and twenty carried golden wine-coolers, and some carried silver ones. And after them other boys carried jars, for the purpose of drinking sweet nine out of, twenty of which were gold, and fifty silver, and three hundred were painted with every kind of colour and hue; and all the spectators who were present in the stadium took a moderate draught of the sweet wine, which was mixed in these ewers and firkins.”
ἐχόμενοι δὲ τούτων ἐπόμπευον οἱ τὰ χρυσώματα φέροντες, κρατῆρας Λακωνικοὺς τέτταρας ἔχοντας στεφάνους ἀμπελίνους … τετραμέτρητοι ἕτεροι, Κορινθιουργεῖς δύο—οὗτοι δ’ εἶχον ἄνωθεν καθήμενα περιφανῆ τετορευμένα ζῷα καὶ ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις πρόστυπα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα ἐχώρει δὲ ἕκαστος μετρητὰς ὀκτὼ ἐπ’ ἐγγυθήκαις. καὶ ληνός, ἐν ᾗ ἦσαν βῖκοι δέκα, ὁλκεῖα δύο, ἑκάτερον χωροῦν μετρητὰς πέντε, κώθωνες διμέτρητοι δύο, ψυκτῆρες εἴκοσι δύο, ὧν ὁ μέγιστος ἐχώρει μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος μετρητήν. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ μεγάλοι τέτταρες· καὶ χρυσωματοθήκη χρυσῆ διάλιθος πηχῶν δέκα ὕψος, ἔχουσα βασμοὺς ἕξ, ἐν οἷς καὶ ζῷα τετραπάλαιστα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα, πολλὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν καὶ κυλικεῖα δύο καὶ ὑάλινα διάχρυσα δύο· ἐγγυθῆκαι χρυσαῖ τετραπήχεις δύο, ἄλλαι ἐλάττους τρεῖς, ὑδρίαι δέκα, βωμὸς τρίπηχυς, μαζονόμια εἴκοσι πέντε, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπορεύοντο παῖδες χίλιοι καὶ ἑξακόσιοι ἐνδεδυκότες χιτῶνας λευκούς, ἐστεφανωμένοι οἱ μὲν κισσῷ, οἱ δὲ πίτυι ὧν διακόσιοι μὲν καὶ πεντήκοντα χοεῖς εἶχον χρυσοῦς, τετρακόσιοι δὲ ἀργυροῦς, ἕτεροι δὲ τριακόσιοι καὶ εἴκοσι ψυκτήρια ἔφερον χρυσᾶ, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶ. μεθ’ οὓς ἄλλοι παῖδες ἔφερον κεράμια πρὸς τὴν τοῦ γλυκισμοῦ χρείαν, ὧν εἴκοσι μὲν ἦν χρυσᾶ, πεντήκοντα δὲ ἀργυρᾶ, τριακόσια δὲ κεκηρογραφημένα χρώμασι παντοίοις. καὶ κερασθέντων ἐν ταῖς ὑδρίαις καὶ πίθοις πάντες κοσμίως ἐγλυκάνθησαν οἱ ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.
After these things he enumerates tables four cubits high, on which were many things worth looking at, which were all carried round for the spectators to see, being beautifully wrought. "And among them was a representation of the bed-chamber of Semele, in which were seen statues clad in golden tunics, inlaid with precious stones of the greatest value. And it would not be right to pass over this four-wheeled wagon, of the length of twenty-two cubits and of the breadth of fourteen, drawn by five hundred men. And on it was a cave exceedingly deep, overgrown with ivy and yew, and out of it flew doves, and pigeons, and turtle-doves, all along the road as the wagon proceeded, having their feet tied with slight threads, so as to be easily caught by the spectators. And out of the cave there also rose two fountains, one of milk and one of wine, and around it all the nymphs had garlands of gold, and Mercury had a golden herald's wand, and very superb raiment. And on another four-wheeled wagon, on which the return of Bacchus from the Indians was represented, there was a figure of Bacchus twelve cubits high, riding upon an elephant, clad in a purple robe, and having on a crown of vine-leaves and ivy-leaves o gold, and bearing in his hands a spear like a thyrsus, made also of gold; and he wore sandals embroidered with golden figures. And there sat before him, on the neck of the elephant, a Satyr five cubits in height, crowned with a chaplet of golden pine-leaves, and holding in his right hand a goat's horn made of golden, with which he appeared to be blowing signals. And the elephant had golden furniture; and on his neck he had a crown of ivy-leaves made of gold; and he was followed by five hundred maidens dressed in purple tunics, with golden girdles; and those who went first, to the number of a hundred and twenty, wore crowns of pine-leaves made of gold; and they were succeeded by a hundred and twenty Satyrs clad in complete armour, some of silver and some of brass. And after them there marched five troops of asses, on which rode Sileni and Satyri, all wearing crowns. And of the asses some had gold and some silver frontlets and furniture.
ἑξῆς τούτοις καταλέγει τετραπήχεις τραπέζας ἐφ’ ὧν πολλὰ θέας ἄξια πολυτελῶς κατεσκευασμένα περιήγετο θεάματα, ἐν οἷς καὶ ὁ τῆς Σεμέλης θάλαμος, ἐν ᾧ ἔχουσι χιτῶνας τινὲς διαχρύσους καὶ λιθοκολλήτους τῶν πολυτιμήτων, οὐκ ἄξιον δ’ ἦν παραλιπεῖν τήνδε τὴν τετράκυκλον, μῆκος οὖσαν πηχῶν εἴκοσι δύο, πλάτος δεκατεσσάρων, ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑλκομένην πεντακοσίων ἐφ’ ἧς ἄντρον ἦν βαθὺ καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν κισσῷ καὶ μίλῳ. ἐκ τούτου περιστεραὶ καὶ φάσσαι καὶ τρυγόνες καθ’ ὅλην ἐξίπταντο τὴν ὁδόν, λημνίσκοις τοὺς πόδας δεδεμέναι πρὸς τὸ ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ τῶν θεωμένων ἁρπάζεσθαι. ἀνέβλυζον δὲ ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ κρουνοὶ δύο, ὁ μὲν γάλακτος, ὁ δὲ οἴνου, πᾶσαι δ’ αἱ περὶ αὐτὸν Νύμφαι στεφάνους εἶχον χρυσοῦς, ὁ δὲ Ἑρμῆς καὶ κηρύκειον χρυσοῦν, ἐσθῆτας δὲ πολυτελεῖς, ἐπὶ δὲ ἄλλης τετρακύκλου, ἣ περιεῖχε τὴν ἐξ Ἰνδῶν κάθοδον Διονύσου, Διόνυσος ἦν δωδεκάπηχυς ἐπ’ ἐλέφαντος κατακείμενος, ἠμφιεσμένος πορφυρίδα καὶ στέφανον κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου χρυσοῦν ἔχων εἶχε δ’ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ θυρσόλογχον χρυσοῦν, ὑπεδέδετο δ’ ἐμβάδας χρυσορραφεῖς. προεκάθητο δ’ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ τοῦ ἐλέφαντος Σατυρίσκος πεντάπηχυς ἐστεφανωμένος πίτυος στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ, τῇ δεξιᾷ χειρὶ αἰγείῳ κέρατι χρυσῷ σημαίνων, ὁ δὲ ἐλέφας σκευὴν εἶχε χρυσῆν καὶ περὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ κίσσινον χρυσοῦν στέφανον. ἠκολούθουν δὲ τούτῳ παιδίσκαι πεντακόσιαι κεκοσμημέναι χιτῶσι πορφυροῖς, χρυσῷ διεζωσμέναι. ἐστεφάνωντο δὲ αἱ μὲν ἡγούμεναι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χρυσοῖς πιτυίνοις στεφάνοις, ἠκολούθουν δ’ αὐταῖς Σάτυροι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι, πανοπλίας οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς, οἱ δὲ χαλκᾶς ἔχοντες, μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐπορεύοντο ὄνων ἶλαι πέντε, ἐφ’ ὧν ἦσαν Σιληνοὶ καὶ Σάτυροι ἐστεφανωμένοι. τῶν δὲ ὄνων οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς προμετωπίδας καὶ σκευασίας εἶχον.
"And after them came twenty-four chariots drawn by four elephants each, and sixty chariots each drawn by a pair of goats, and twelve chariots by antelopes, and seven by oryxes, and fifteen by buffaloes, eight by pairs of ostriches, and seven by gnus, and four by pairs of zebras, and four chariots also drawn each by four zebras. And on all these animals rode boys wearing the garments of charioteers, and the broad hats called petasi; and besides them were smaller boys still, armed with little peltæ, and thyrsi-spears, and they also were dressed in golden-broidered garments; and the boys who were acting as charioteers were crowned with pine-leaf chaplets, and the smaller boys with ivy-leaves. And besides this there were three pair of camels, on either side three, and they were followed by cars drawn by mules; and these had on them barbaric palanquins, on which sat women from India and other countries, habited as prisoners. And of the camels, some bore three hundred minæ weight of frankincense, and three hundred of myrrh, and two hundred of saffron, and cassia, and cinnamon, and iris, and two hundred of other spices. And next to them came some Aethiopians bearing presents, some of whom carried six hundred elephant's tusks, and others carried two thousand fagots of ebony, and others carried sixty gold and silver goblets, and a quantity of gold-dust. And after them came two huntsmen, having hunting-spears with golden points; and twenty-four hundred dogs were led in the procession, some Indian dogs, and others Hyrcanian and Molossian hounds, and hounds of other breeds too. “After them came a hundred and fifty men carrying trees from which were suspended birds and beasts of every imaginable country and description; and then were carried a lot of cages, in which were parrots, and peacocks, and guinea-fowls, and pheasants, and other Aethiopian birds in great numbers.” And when he had mentioned many other things, and enumerated herds of animals, he continued, "A hundred and thirty Aethiopian sheep, three hundred Arabian sheep, twenty Eubœean sheep, some white hornless cattle, six-and-twenty Indian cows, eight Aethiopian oxen, one immense white bear, fourteen leopards, sixteen panthers, four lynxes, three arceti, one cameleopard, and one rhinoceros from Aethiopia. "And after these beasts came an image of Bacchus flying to the altar of Rhea when he was pursued by Juno, having on a golden crown, Priapus standing by him crowned with a crown of ivy-leaves of gold, and the statue of Juno had also a golden crown on its head. And there were images of Alexander and of Ptolemy, crowned with chaplets of ivy-leaves made of gold. And the statue of Virtue, which stood by the side of that of Ptolemy, had a golden crown of olive-leaves. And Priapus was with them, having a crown of ivy-leaves made of gold. And the city of Corinth had a large image there, standing by the side of Ptolemy, and that also wore a golden diadem; and by all these lay a large golden beaufet full of articles of gold plate, and a golden goblet containing five measures. And this wagon was followed by women having very sumptuous dresses and ornaments, and they bore the names of cities, some of cities of Ionia, and other Grecian towns, as many as, occupying the islands, and the coast of Asia, were made subject to the Persians; and they all wore golden crowns. And on other chariots there was borne a golden thyrsus ninety cubits long, and silver spear sixty cubits long; and on another a golden phallus, a hundred and twenty cubits long, chased all over, and wreathed with golden garlands, having on the end a golden star, the circumference of which was six cubits. "Now in all the numerous things which we have enumerated as forming part of this procession, we have selected those only in which gold and silver were contained. But there were numerous other articles and parts of the exhibition well worth seeing, and vast numbers of beasts and of horses, and twenty-four enormous lions. There were also other four-wheeled wagons in great numbers, bearing not only statues of kings, but also full of images of the gods. And after them proceeded a band of six hundred men, among whom were three hundred harp-players playing on their instruments, having harps made entirely of gold, and golden crowns on their heads; and after them came two thousand bulls all of the same colour, with gilded horns, and having frontlets of gold, and crowns in the middle of their foreheads, and necklaces and breastplates on their necks and chests, and these were all made of gold.
μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐλεφάντων ἅρματα ἀφείθη εἴκοσι τέτταρα καὶ συνωρίδες τράγων ἑξήκοντα, κόλων δεκαδύο, ὀρύγων ἑπτά, βουβάλων δεκαπέντε, στρουθῶν συνωρίδες ὀκτώ, ὀνελάφων ἑπτά, καὶ συνωρίδες δ’ ὄνων ἀγρίων, ἅρματα τέσσαρα, ἐπὶ δὲ πάντων τούτων ἀνεβεβήκει παιδάρια χιτῶνας ἔχοντα ἡνιοχικοὺς καὶ πετάσους, παρανεβεβήκει δὲ παιδισκάρια διεσκευασμένα πελταρίοις καὶ θυρσολόγχοις, κεκοσμημένα ἱματίοις καὶ χρυσίοις. ἐστεφάνωτο δὲ τὰ μὲν ἡνιοχοῦντα παιδάρια πίτυι, τὰ δὲ παιδισκάρια κισσῷ. ἐπῇσαν δὲ καὶ συνωρίδες καμήλων ἕξ, ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους τρεῖς· αἷς ἐπηκολούθουν ἀπῆναι ὑφ’ ἡμιόνων ἀγόμεναι. αὗται δ’ εἶχον σκηνὰς βαρβαρικάς, ὑφ’ ὧν ἐκάθηντο γυναῖκες Ἰνδαὶ καὶ ἕτεραι κεκοσμημέναι ὡς αἰχμάλωτοι, κάμηλοι δ’ αἱ μὲν ἔφερον λιβανωτοῦ μνᾶς τριακοσίας, σμύρνης τριακοσίας, κρόκου καὶ κασίας καὶ κινναμώμου καὶ ἴριδος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρωμάτων διακοσίας. ἐχόμενοι τούτων ἦσαν Αἰθίοπες δωροφόροι, ὧν οἱ μὲν ἔφερον ὀδόντας ἑξακοσίους, ἕτεροι δὲ ἐβένου κορμοὺς δισχιλίους, ἄλλοι χρυσίου καὶ ἀργυρίου κρατῆρας ἑξήκοντα καὶ ψήγματα χρυσοῦ. μεθ’ οὓς ἐπόμπευσαν κυνηγοὶ β’ ἔχοντες σιβύνας ἐπιχρύσους, ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ κύνες δισχίλιοι τετρακόσιοι, οἱ μὲν Ἰνδοί, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ Ὑρκανοὶ καὶ Μολοσσοὶ καὶ ἑτέρων γενῶν. ἑξῆς ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα φέροντες δένδρα, ἐξ ὧν ἀνήρτητο θηρία παντοδαπὰ καὶ ὄρνεα. εἶτ’ ἐφέροντο ἐν ἀγγείοις ψιττακοὶ καὶ ταῲ καὶ μελεαγρίδες καὶ φασιανοὶ ὄρνιθες καὶ ἄλλοι Αἰθιοπικοί· πλήθει πολλοί. εἰπὼν δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πλεῖστα καὶ καταλέξας ζῴων ἀγέλας ἐπιφέρει· πρόβατα Αἰθιοπικὰ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα, Ἀράβια τριακόσια, Εὐβοικὰ εἴκοσι, καὶ ὁλόλευκοι βόες Ἰνδικοὶ εἴκοσι ἕξ, Αἰθιοπικοὶ ὀκτώ, ἄρκτος λευκὴ μεγάλη μία, παρδάλεις ιδ᾽, πάνθηροι ισ᾽ ᾽, λυγκία δ᾽, ἄρκηλοι γ᾽, καμηλοπάρδαλις μία, ῥινόκερως Αἰθιοπικὸς α᾽, ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου Διόνυσος ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς Ῥέας βωμὸν καταπεφευγὼς ὅτε ὑπὸ Ἥρας ἐδιώκετο, στέφανον ἔχων χρυσοῦν, Πριάπου αὐτῷ παρεστῶτος ἐστεφανωμένου χρυσῷ κισσίνῳ. τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἥρας ἄγαλμα στεφάνην εἶχε χρυσῆν. Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ καὶ Πτολεμαίου ἀγάλματα ἐστεφανωμένα στεφάνοις κισσίνοις ἐκ χρυσοῦ, τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀρετῆς ἄγαλμα τὸ παρεστὸς τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ στέφανον εἶχεν ἐλαίας χρυσοῦν. καὶ Πρίαπος δ’ αὐτοῖς συμπαρῆν ἔχων στέφανον κίσσινον ἐκ χρυσοῦ. Κόρινθος δ’ ἡ πόλις παρεστῶσα τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ ἐστεφάνωτο διαδήματι χρυσῷ. παρέκειντο δὲ πᾶσι τούτοις κυλικεῖον μεστὸν χρυσωμάτων κρατήρ τε χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν πέντε. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ ταύτῃ ἠκολούθουν γυναῖκες ἔχουσαι ἱμάτια πολυτελῆ καὶ κόσμον προσηγορεύοντο δὲ πόλεις, αἵ τε ἀπ’ Ἰωνίας καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ Ἑλληνίδες ὅσαι τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τὰς νήσους κατοικοῦσαι ὑπὸ τοὺς Πέρσας ἐτάχθησαν ἐφόρουν δὲ πᾶσαι στεφάνους χρυσοῦς, ἐφέρετο καὶ ἐπ’ ἄλλων τετρακύκλων θύρσος ἐνενηκοντάπηχυς χρυσοῦς καὶ λόγχη ἀργυρᾶ ἑξηκοντάπηχυς καὶ ἐν ἄλλῃ φαλλὸς χρυσοῦς πηχῶν ρκ’ διαγεγραμμένος καὶ διαδεδεμένος στέμμασι διαχρύσοις, ἔχων ἐπ’ ἄκρου ἀστέρα χρυσοῦν, οὗ ἦν ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν σ᾽. πολλῶν οὖν καὶ ποικίλων εἰρημένων ἐν ταῖς πομπαῖς ταύταις μόνα ἐξελεξάμεθα ἐν οἷς ἦν χρυσὸς καὶ ἄργυρος, καὶ γὰρ διαθέσεις πολλαὶ ἀκοῆς ἦσαν ἄξιαι καὶ θηρίων πλήθη καὶ ἵππων καὶ λέοντες παμμεγέθεις εἴκοσι καὶ τέσσαρες. ἦσαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι τετράκυκλοι οὐ μόνον εἰκόνας βασιλέων φέρουσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ θεῶν πολλαί. μεθ’ ἃς χορὸς ἐπόμπευσεν ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων ἐν οἷς κιθαρισταὶ συνεφώνουν τριακόσιοι, ἐπιχρύσους ἔχοντες ὅλας κιθάρας καὶ στεφάνους χρυσοῦς, μεθ’ οὓς ταῦροι διῆλθον δισχίλιοι ὁμοιοχρώματοι χρυσόκερῳ, προμετωπίδας χρυσᾶς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον στεφάνους ὅρμους τε καὶ αἰγίδας πρὸ τῶν στηθῶν ἔχοντες· ἦν δ’ ἅπαντα ταῦτα χρυσᾶ,
"And after this came a procession in honour of Jupiter and of many other gods; and after all these, came a procession in honour of Alexander, who had a golden statue borne on a chariot drawn by real elephants, having Victory and Minerva on each side of him. And numbers of thrones were borne in the procession, made of ivory and gold, on one of which lay a crown of gold; on another a pair of horns made of gold; on another was a golden chaplet; and on another a single horn made of solid gold. And on the throne of Ptolemy Soter lay a crown which had been made of ten thousand pieces of gold money. And there were also carried in the procession three hundred and fifty golden incense burners, and golden altars, all crowned with golden crowns, on one of which were firmly placed four golden lamps ten cubits high. There were also carried twelve stoves with golden tops, one of which was twelve cubits in circumference, and forty cubits in height; and another was fifteen cubits high. There were also carried nine Delphic tripods made of gold, each four cubits high, and eight others six cubits high; another thirty cubits high, on which were figures of animals carved in gold, four cubits high, and a crown of vine-leaves of gold going all round. There were also carried in the procession seven palm-trees overlaid with gold, eight cubits high, and a golden herald's staff forty-five cubits long, and a thunderbolt overlaid with gold forty cubits in size, and a gilt shrine, the circumference of which was forty cubits; and besides all this, a pair of horns eight cubits long. And an immense number of gilded figures of animals was also exhibited, the greater part of which were twelve cubits high; and beasts of enormous size, and eagles twenty cubits high. And golden crowns were also exhibited to the number of three thousand and two hundred. And there was a separate mystic crown made of gold studded with valuable stones, eighty cubits high. This was the crown which was placed at the door of the temple of Berenice; and there was also an regis of gold. There were also exhibited a vast number of golden chaplets, which were borne by young maidens sumptuously attired, one of which was two cubits high, and sixteen cubits in circumference. "There was also exhibited a golden breastplate twelve cubits broad, and another breastplate of silver eighteen cubits broad, having on it two golden thunderbolts of the size of ten cubits each, and a garland of oak-leaves studded with precious stones; and twenty golden shields, and sixty-four suits of complete armour also of gold, and two golden greaves three cubits in height, and twelve golden dishes, and a most countless number of flagons, and thirty-six vessels for wine, and ten large anointing vessels, and twelve ewers, and fifty large dishes for barley loaves, and tables of different sorts, and five repositories for gold plate, and a horn thirty cubits long made of solid gold. And all these articles of gold plate were exclusive of those carried in the procession of Bacchus. Then there were four hundred wagons of silver plate, and twenty wagons of gold plate, and eight hundred of perfumes and spices.
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Διὸς ἤγετο πομπὴ καὶ ἄλλων παμπόλλων θεῶν καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὃς ἐφ’ ἅρματος ἐλεφάντων ἀληθινῶν ἐφέρετο χρυσοῦς, Νίκην καὶ Ἀθηνᾶν ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους ἔχων. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ θρόνοι πολλοὶ ἐξ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ κατεσκευασμένοι· ὧν ἐφ’ ἑνὸς μὲν ἔκειτο στεφάνη χρυσῆ, ἐπ’ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας χρυσοῦν, ἐπ’ ἄλλου δὲ ἦν στέφανος χρυσοῦς, καὶ ἐπ’ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας ὁλόχρυσον. ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος θρόνον στέφανος ἐπέκειτο ἐκ μυρίων κατεσκευασμένος χρυσῶν, ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θυμιατήρια χρυσᾶ τριακόσια καὶ πεντήκοντα, καὶ βωμοὶ δὲ ἐπίχρυσοι ἐστεφανωμένοι χρυσοῖς στεφάνοις· ὧν ἑνὶ παρεπεπήγεσαν δᾷδες χρυσοῖ δεκαπήχεις τέσσαρες, ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ ἐσχάραι ἐπίχρυσοι β᾽, ὧν ἡ μὲν δωδεκάπηχυς τῇ περιμέτρῳ, τεσσαρακοντάπηχυς ὕψει, ἡ δὲ πηχῶν πεντεκαίδεκα. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ ἐννέα ἐκ πηχῶν τεσσάρων, ἄλλοι ὀκτὼ πηχῶν ἕξ, ἄλλος πηχῶν τριάκοντα, ἐφ’ οὗ ἦν ζῷα χρυσᾶ πενταπήχη καὶ στέφανος κύκλῳ χρυσοῦς ἀμπέλινος. παρῆλθαν δὲ καὶ φοίνικες ἐπίχρυσοι ὀκταπήχεις ἑπτὰ καὶ κηρύκειον ἐπίχρυσον πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα πέντε καὶ κεραυνὸς ἐπίχρυσος πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα ναός τε ἐπίχρυσος, οὗ ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν μ᾽· δίκερας πρὸς τούτοις ὀκτάπηχυ. πολὺ δὲ καὶ ζῴων πλῆθος ἐπιχρύσων συνεπόμπευεν, ὧν ἦν τὰ πολλὰ δωδεκαπήχη· καὶ θηρία ὑπεράγοντα τοῖς μεγέθεσι καὶ ἀετοὶ πηχῶν εἴκοσι, στέφανοί τε χρυσοῖ ἐπόμπευσαν τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι, ἕτερός τε μυστικὸς χρυσοῦς λίθοις πολυτελέσι κεκοσμημένος ὀγδοηκοντάπηχυς· οὗτος δὲ περιετίθετο τῷ τοῦ Βερενικείου θυρώματι· αἰγίς τε ὁμοίως χρυσῆ. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ στεφάναι χρυσοῖ πάνυ πολλαί, ἃς ἔφερον παιδίσκαι πολυτελῶς κεκοσμημέναι· ὧν μία δίπηχυς εἰς ὕψος, τὴν δὲ περίμετρον ἔχουσα ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν, ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θώραξ χρυσοῦς πηχῶν δώδεκα καὶ ἕτερος ἀργυροῦς πηχῶν ιη᾽, ἔχων ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ κεραυνοὺς χρυσοῦς δεκαπήχεις δύο καὶ στέφανον δρυὸς διάλιθον. ἀσπίδες χρυσοῖ εἴκοσι, πανοπλίαι χρυσοῖ ξδ ᾽, κνημῖδες χρυσοῖ τριπήχεις β᾽, λεκάναι χρυσοῖ δεκαδύο, φιάλαι πολλαὶ πάνυ τὸν ἀριθμόν, οἰνοχόοι τριάκοντα, ἐξάλειπτρα μεγάλα δέκα, ὑδρίαι δεκαδύο, μαζονόμια πεντήκοντα, τράπεζαι διάφοροι, κυλικεῖα χρυσωμάτων πέντε, κέρας ὁλόχρυσον πηχῶν λ᾽. ταῦτα δὲ τὰ χρυσώματα ἐκτὸς ἦν τῶν ἐν τῇ τοῦ Διονύσου πομπῇ διενεχθέντων. εἶτ᾽ ἀργυρωμάτων ἅμαξαι τετρακόσιοι καὶ χρυσωμάτων εἴκοσι, ἀρωμάτων δὲ ὀκτακόσιαι.
“And after all these things came a procession of troops, both. cavalry and infantry, all armed and appointed in a most superb manner: infantry to the number of fifty-seven thousand six hundred; and cavalry to the number of twenty-three thousand two hundred. And all these marched in the procession, all clad in suitable apparel, and all having their appropriate armour; and there were also great numbers of suits of armour besides lying for inspection, too numerous for any one to count, (but Callixenus has made a catalogue of them;) and they were also crowned in the assembly with twenty golden crowns. And first of all Ptolemy and Berenice were crowned with twenty-three, standing on golden chariots, in the sacred precincts of Dodona. And the expense of money which was incurred on this occasion, amounted to two thousand two hundred and thirty-nine talents, ad fifty mine; and this was all counted by the clerks of the treasury, owing to the eagerness of those who had given the crowns, before the spectacle came to an end. But Ptolemy Philadel- phus, their son, was crowned with twenty golden crowns, two of them on golden chariots, and one six cubits high on a pillar, and five five cubits high, and six four cubits high.”
ἐπὶ δὲ πᾶσιν ἐπόμπευσαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἱππικοὶ καὶ πεζικαί, πᾶσαι καθωπλισμέναι θαυμασίως. πεζοὶ μὲν εἰς πέντε μυριάδας καὶ ἑπτακισχιλίους καὶ ἑξακοσίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ δισμύριοι τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι, πάντες δ’ οὗτοι ἐπόμπευσαν τὴν ἁρμόζουσαν ἑκάστῳ ἠμφιεσμένοι στολὴν καὶ τὰς προσηκούσας ἔχοντες πανοπλίας, ἐκτὸς δ’ ὧν πάντες οὗτοι εἶχον πανοπλιῶν καὶ ἄλλαι πλεῖστοι ἦσαν ἀποκείμενοι, ὧν οὐδὲ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀναγράψαι ῥᾴδιον. κατέλεξε δ’ αὐτὸν ὁ Καλλίξεινος. ἐστεφανώθησαν δ’ ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι καὶ στεφάνοις χρυσοῖς εἰκόσι, Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ὁ πρῶτος καὶ Βερενίκη εἰκόσι τρισὶν ἐφ’ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν καὶ τεμένεσιν ἐν Δωδώνῃ, καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ δαπάνημα τοῦ νομίσματος τάλαντα δισχίλια διακόσια τριάκοντα ἐννέα, μναῖ πεντήκοντα· καὶ ταῦτ’ ἠριθμήθη πάντα τοῖς οἰκονόμοις διὰ τὴν τῶν στεφανούντων προθυμίαν πρὸ τοῦ τὰς θέας παρελθεῖν. ὁ δὲ Φιλάδελφος Πτολεμαῖος υἱὸς αὐτῶν εἰκόσι χρυσαῖς δυσὶ μὲν ἐφ’ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ κιόνων ἑξαπήχει μιᾷ, πενταπήχεσι πέντε, τετραπήχεσι ἕξ.
Now my friends and fellow-banqueters, what kingdom ever possessed such quantities of gold as this? For Egypt did not acquire all this by taking money from the Persians and from Babylon, or by working mines, or by having a river Pactolus, bearing down gold-dust in its waters. For its only river is that which can really be called the Golden Stream—the Nile, which together with its boundless supplies of food does bring down gold without alloy, which is dug up out of the soil without danger, in quantities sufficient for all men, diffused over the whole soil like the gifts of Triptolemus. On which account the Byzantine poet, who had the name of Parmeno given to him, says—O god of Egypt, mighty Nile.But king Philadelphus surpassed most kings in riches; and he pursued every kind of manufacturing and trading art so zealously, that he also surpassed every one in the number of his ships. Now the largest ships which he had were these:— two of thirty banks of oars, one of twenty, four of thirteen, two of twelve, fourteen of eleven, thirty of nine, thirty-seven of seven, five of six, seventeen of five. And from quadriremes down to light half-decked triremes, for purposes of war, he had twice as many as all these put together. And the vessels which were sent to the different islands and to the other cities under his dominion, and to Libya, amounted to more than four thousand. And concerning the numbers of his books, and the way in which he furnished his libraries, and the way in which he collected treasures for his Museum, why need I speak? for every one remembers all these things.
ποία, ἄνδρες δαιτυμόνες, βασιλεία οὕτως γέγονε πολύχρυσος; οὐ γὰρ τὰ ἐκ Περσῶν καὶ Βαβυλῶνος λαβοῦσα χρήματα ἢ μέταλλα ἐργασαμένη ἢ Πακτωλὸν ἔχουσα χρυσοῦ ψῆγμα καταφέροντα. μόνος γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ὁ χρυσορόας καλούμενος Νεῖλος μετὰ τροφῶν ἀφθόνων καὶ χρυσὸν ἀκίβδηλον καταφέρει ἀκινδύνως γεωργούμενον, ὡς πᾶσιν ἐξαρκεῖν ἀνθρώποις, δίκην Τριπτολέμου πεμπόμενον εἰς πᾶσαν γῆν. διόπερ αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ Βυζάντιος ποιητὴς Παρμένων ἐπικαλούμενος Αἰγύπτιε Ζεῦ, φησί, Νεῖλε. πολλῶν δὲ ὁ Φιλάδελφος βασιλέων πλούτῳ διέφερε καὶ περὶ πάντα ἐσπουδάκει τὰ κατασκευάσματα φιλοτίμως, ὥστε καὶ πλοίων πλήθει πάντας ὑπερέβαλλεν. τὰ γοῦν μέγιστα τῶν πλοίων ἦν παρ’ αὐτῷ τριακοντήρεις δύο, εἰκοσήρης μία, τέσσαρες δὲ τρισκαιδεκήρεις, δωδεκήρεις δύο, ἑνδεκήρεις δεκατέσσαρες, ἐννήρεις λ᾽, ἑπτήρεις λζ᾽, ἑξήρεις ε᾽, πεντήρεις δεκαεπτά· τὰ δ’ ἀπὸ τετρήρους μέχρι τριηρημιολίας διπλάσια τούτων, τὰ δ᾽. εἰς τὰς νήσους πεμπόμενα καὶ τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις ὧν ἦρχε καὶ τὴν Λιβύην πλείονα ἦν τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, περὶ δὲ βιβλίων πλήθους καὶ βιβλιοθηκῶν κατασκευῆς καὶ τῆς εἰς τὸ Μουσεῖον συναγωγῆς τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν, πᾶσι τούτων ὄντων κατὰ μνήμην;
But since we have mentioned the subject of the building of ships, let us speak (for it is worth hearing of) of the ships which were built also by Ptolemy Philopator, which are mentioned by the same Callixenus in the first book of his Account of Alexandria, where he speaks as follows:—"Philopator built a ship with forty ranks of rowers, being two hundred and eighty cubits long and thirty-eight cubits from one side to the other; and in height up to the gunwale it was forty-eight cubits; and from the highest part of the stern to the water-line was fifty-three cubits; and it had four rudders, each thirty cubits long; and oars for the thranitæ, the largest thirty-eight cubits in length, which, from having lead in their handles, and because they were very heavy it the part inside the ship, being accurately balanced, were, in spite of their bulk, very handy to use. And the ship had two heads and two sterns, and seven beaks, one of which was longer than all the rest, and the others were of smaller size; and some of them were fixed to the ears of the ship; and it had twelve undergirths to support the keel, and each was six hundred cubits in length. And it was well proportioned to a most extraordinary degree; and all the appointments of the vessel were admirable, for it had figures of animals on it not less than twelve cubits in size, both at the head and at the stern, and every part of it was inlaid and ornamented with figures in wax; and the space between the oars down to the very keel had a running pattern of ivy-leaves and thyrsi; and there was great store of every kind of equipment to supply all parts of the ship that might require any. And when it put to sea it held more than four thousand rowers, and four hundred supernumeraries; and on the deck were three thousand marines, or at least two thousand eight hundred and fifty. And besides all these there was another large body of men under the decks, and a vast quantity of provisions and supplies. And the vessel was launched originally from a sort of framework, which they say was erected and made out of the wood of fifty ships of five ranks of oars; and it was launched by the multitude with great acclamations and blowing of trumpets. But after that a Phœnician devised a new method of launching it, having dug a trench under it, equal to the ship itself in length, which he dug close to the harbour. And in the trench he built props of solid stone five cubits deep, and across them he laid beams crosswise, running the whole width of the trench, at four cubits' distance from one another; and then making a channel from the sea he filled all the space which he had excavated with water, out of which he easily brought the ship by the aid of whatever men happened to be at hand; then closing the entrance which had been originally made, he drained the water off again by means of engines; and when this had been done the vessel rested securely on the before-mentioned cross-beams.
ἐπεὶ δὲ περὶ νεῶν κατασκευῆς εἰρήκαμεν, φέρ’ εἴπωμεν ἀκοῆς γάρ ἐστιν ἄξια καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλοπάτορος βασιλέως κατεσκευασμένα σκάφη. περὶ ὧν ὁ αὐτὸς Καλλίξεινος ἱστορεῖ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας οὑτωσὶ λέγων τὴν τεσσαρακοντήρη ναῦν κατεσκεύασεν ὁ Φιλοπάτωρ τὸ μῆκος ἔχουσαν διακοσίων ὀγδοήκοντα πηχῶν, ὀκτὼ δὲ καὶ τριάκοντα ἀπὸ παρόδου ἐπὶ πάροδον, ὕψος δὲ ἕως ἀκροστολίου τεσσαράκοντα ὀκτὼ πηχῶν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν πρυμνητικῶν ἀφλάστων ἐπὶ τὸ πρὸς τῇ θαλάσσῃ μέρος αὐτῆς τρεῖς πρὸς τοῖς πεντήκοντα πήχεις, πηδάλια δ’ εἶχε τέτταρα τριακονταπήχη, κώπας δὲ θρανιτικὰς ὀκτὼ καὶ τριάκοντα πηχῶν τὰς μεγίστας, αἳ διὰ τὸ μόλυβδον ἔχειν ἐν τοῖς ἐγχειριδίοις καὶ γεγονέναι λίαν εἴσω βαρεῖαι κατὰ τὴν ζύγωσιν εὐήρεις ὑπῆρχον ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας, δίπρῳρος δ’ ἐγεγόνει καὶ δίπρυμνος καὶ ἔμβολα εἶχεν ἑπτά· τούτων ἓν μὲν ἡγούμενον, τὰ δ’ ὑποστέλλοντα, τινὰ δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἐπωτίδας. ὑποζώματα δὲ ἐλάμβανε δώδεκα· ἑξακοσίων δ’ ἦν ἕκαστον πηχῶν, εὔρυθμος δ’ ἦν καθ’ ὑπερβολήν. θαυμαστὸς δ’ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἄλλος κόσμος τῆς νεώς· ζῷα μὲν γὰρ εἶχεν οὐκ ἐλάττω δώδεκα πηχῶν κατὰ πρύμναν τε καὶ κατὰ πρῷραν, καὶ πᾶς τόπος αὐτῆς κηρογραφίᾳ κατεπεποίκιλτο, τὸ δ’ ἔγκωπον ἅπαν μέχρι τῆς τρόπεως κισσίνην φυλλάδα καὶ θύρσους εἶχε πέριξ, πολὺς δ’ ἦν καὶ ὁ τῶν ὅπλων κόσμος, ἀνεπλήρου δὲ πάντα τὰ προσδεόμενα τῆς νεὼς μέρη. γενομένης δὲ ἀναπείρας ἐδέξατο ἐρέτας πλείους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, εἰς δὲ τὰς ὑπηρεσίας τετρακοσίους· εἰς δὲ τὸ κατάστρωμα ἐπιβάτας τρισχιλίους ἀποδέοντας ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα· καὶ χωρὶς ὑπὸ τὰ ζύγια πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων ἕτερον ἐπισιτισμοῦ, τε οὐκ ὀλίγον. καθειλκύσθη δὲ τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ ἐσχαρίου τινός, ὅ φασι παγῆναι πεντήκοντα πλοίων πεντηρικῶν ξυλείᾳ, ὑπὸ δὲ ὄχλου μετὰ βοῆς καὶ σαλπίγγων κατήγετο. ὕστερον δὲ τῶν ἀπὸ Φοινίκης τις ἐπενόησε τὴν καθολκήν, τάφρον ὑποστησάμενος ἴσην τῇ νηὶ κατὰ μῆκος, ἣν πλησίον τοῦ λιμένος ὤρυξε. ταύτῃ δὲ τοὺς θεμελίους κατῳκοδόμησε λίθῳ στερεῷ πρὸς πέντε πήχεις τὸ βάθος, καὶ διὰ τούτων φάλαγγας ἐπικαρσίας κατὰ πλάτος τῆς τάφρου διώσας συνεχεῖς τετράπηχυν εἰς βάθος τόπον ἀπολειπούσας. καὶ ποιήσας εἴσρουν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐνέπλησεν αὐτῆς πάντα τὸν ὀρυχθέντα τόπον, εἰς ὃν ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ τῶν τυχόντων ἀνδρῶν εἰσήγαγε τὴν ναῦν.., τὸ ἀνοιχθὲν κατ’ ἀρχὰς ἐμφράξαντας μετεξαντλῆσαι πάλιν τὴν θάλασσαν ὀργάνοις. τούτου δὲ γενομένου ἑδρασθῆναι τὸ πλοῖον ἀσφαλῶς ἐπὶ τῶν προειρημένων φαλάγγων.
"Philopator also built a vessel for the river which he called Thalamegus, or the Carrier of his Bed-chamber, in length half a stadium, and in width at the broadest part thirty cubits; and the height together with the frame for the awning was little short of forty cubits. And its appearance was not exactly like ships of war, nor merchant vessels either, but it was something different from both, on account of the necessity imposed by the depth of the river. For below it was flat and broad; but in its main hull it was high. And the parts at the extremity, and especially at the head, extended a sufficient length, so as to exhibit a very pretty and elegant sweep. This ship also had two heads and two sterns. And it rose to a considerable height above the water, as was necessary, because the waves in the river often rise very high. And in the middle of its hull were constructed banqueting-rooms and sleeping-rooms, and everything else which may be convenient for living in. And round the ship were double corridors running about three sides, each of which was not less than five plethra in circumference. And the arrangement of the lower one was like a peristyle, and that in the upper part was covered in, and surrounded with walls and windows on all sides. And when you first came into the vessel by the stern your eye was met by a colonnade, open in front, and surrounded by pillars. And opposite to it in the bow of the vessel there was a sort of propylæum constructed, made of ivory and most expensive woods. And after you had passed through that, then you came to something like a proscenium, covered in overhead. And again in the same way in the middle of the vessel was another colonnade, open behind, and an entrance of four folding-doors led to it. And both on the right hand and on the left there were windows, admitting a pleasant breeze. "To these was joined a room of very large size, and that was adorned with pillars all round, and it was capable of containing twenty couches. And the greater part of it was made of split cedar, and of Milesian cypress. And the doors which were round it, being twenty in number, were put together with beams of citron wood, having ivory ornaments. And all the nails and fastenings which were visible were made of red brass, which had taken a polish like that of gold from the fire. And of the pillars the bodies were of cypress-wood, but the capitals were of Corinthian workmanship, adorned with ivory and gold. The whole of the capitals of the pillars were of gold; and there was a sort of girdle on them having figures of animals beautifully carved in ivory, more than a cubit high, of which the workmanship was not so conspicuous as the exquisite beauty of the materials. There was a beautiful roof to the banqueting-room, square, and made of cypress wood. And its ornaments were all carved, having a golden face. Next to this banqueting-chamber was a sleeping-chamber holding seven couches; and to that there was joined a narrow passage, which separated the woman's chamber from this one by the width of the hold. And by the passage was a bauqueting-room holding nine couches, very like the large one in the sumptuousness of its furniture; and a bedchamber holding five couches. As to the rooms then on the first deck this was the general appearance presented. "But when you had ascended by the stairs which were close to the before-mentioned sleeping chamber, there was another chamber capable of containing five couches, having a vaulted oblong roof. And near to it was a temple of Venus, in form like a rotunda, in which was a marble statue of the goddess. And opposite to this was another banqueting-room, very sumptuous, adorned all round with columns: for the columns were all made of Indian stone. And near to this banqueting-room were more sleeping-chambers, with furniture and appointments corresponding to what has been, already mentioned. And as you went on towards the head of the vessel was another apartment dedicated to Bacchus, capable of holding thirteen couches, surrounded with pillars having its cornices all gilt as far down as the epistyle which ran round the room, but the roof corresponded to the character of the god. And in it there was on the right hand a large cave constructed, the colour of which was stone, for in fact it was made of real stone and gold; and in it images were placed of all the relations of the king, made of the stone called lychnites. And there was another banqueting-room, very pleasant, above the roof of the greatest apartment, having an arrangement like that of a tent, so that some of it had no actual roof; but there were arched and vaulted beams running along the top at intervals, along which purple curtains were stretched whenever the vessel was in motion. And after this there was an open chamber occupying the same room above that was occupied by the portico before mentioned as being below. And a winding ladder joined on to it, leading to the secret walk, and a banqueting-room capable of containing nine couches, constructed and furnished in the Egyptian style. For round pillars were run up in it, with alternate tambours of white and black, all placed in parallel lines. And their heads were of round shape; and the whole of the figures round them were engraved like roses a little expanded. And round that part which is called the basket there were not tendrils and rough leaves, as is the case in Grecian pillars, but calyxes of the river-lotus, and the fruit of newly budding dates. And sometimes many other kinds of flowers were also represented. And under the roof of the capital which lies upon the tambour, where it joins on to the head, there were ornaments like the flower leaves of the Egyptian bean intertwined together. This then is the way in which the Egyptians construct and ornament their pillars, and this is the way in which they variegate their walls with black and white bricks: and sometimes also they employ the stone which is called alabaster. And there were many other ornaments all over the main hull of the vessel, and over the centre, and many other chambers and divisions in every part of it. “And the mast of this vessel was seventy cubits in height, and it had a linen sail, adorned with a purple fringe. And the whole of the wealth which had been so carefully preserved by king Philadelphus was dissipated by the last Ptolemy, who also excited the war against Gabinius, who was not a man, but a mere flute-player and conjuror.”
κατεσκεύασεν δ’ ὁ Φιλοπάτωρ καὶ ποτάμιον πλοῖον, τὴν θαλαμηγὸν καλουμένην, τὸ μῆκος ἔχουσαν ἡμισταδίου, τὸ δὲ εὖρος ᾗ πλατύτατον λ’ πηχῶν τὸ δὲ ὕψος σὺν τῷ τῆς σκηνῆς ἀναστήματι μικρὸν ἀπέδει τεσσαράκοντα πηχῶν, τὸ δὲ σχῆμα αὐτῆς οὔτε ταῖς μακραῖς ναυσὶν οὔτε ταῖς στρογγύλαις ἐοικός, ἀλλὰ παρηλλαγμένον τι καὶ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ βάθος, κάτωθεν μὲν γὰρ ἁλιτενὴς καὶ πλατεῖα, τῷ δ’ ὄγκῳ μετέωρος τὰ δ’ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων αὐτῆς μέρη καὶ μάλιστα τὰ κατὰ πρῷραν παρέτεινεν ἐφ’ ἱκανόν, τῆς ἀνακλάσεως εὐγράμμου φαινομένης, δίπρῳρος δ’ ἐγεγόνει καὶ δίπρυμνος καὶ πρὸς ὕψος ἀνέτεινε διὰ τὸ μετέωρον ἄγαν ἵστασθαι πολλάκις ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ κῦμα. κατεσκεύαστο δ’ αὐτῆς κατὰ μὲν μέσον τὸ κύτος τὰ συμπόσια καὶ οἱ κοιτῶνες καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τὰ πρὸς τὴν διαγωγὴν χρηστήρια. πέριξ δὲ τῆς νεὼς περίπατοι κατὰ τὰς τρεῖς πλευρὰς ἐγεγόνεσαν διπλοῖ. ὧν ἡ μὲν περίμετρος ἦν πέντε πλέθρων οὐκ ἐλάττων, ἡ δὲ διάθεσις τοῦ μὲν καταγείου περιστύλῳ παραπλήσιος, τοῦ δ’ ὑπερῴου κρύπτῃ φραγμοῖς καὶ θυρίσι περιεχομένῃ πάντοθεν. πρῶτον δ’ εἰσιόντι κατὰ πρύμναν ἐτέτακτο προστὰς ἐξ ἐναντίου μὲν ἀναπεπταμένη, κύκλῳ δὲ περίπτερος· ἧς ἐν τῷ καταντικρὺ τῆς πρῴρας μέρει προπύλαιον κατεσκεύαστο δι’ ἐλέφαντος καὶ τῆς πολυτελεστάτης ὕλης γεγονός, τοῦτο δὲ διελθοῦσιν ὡσανεὶ προσκήνιον ἐπεποίητο τῇ διαθέσει κατάστεγον ὄν. ᾧ πάλιν ὁμοίως κατὰ μὲν τὴν μέσην πλευρὰν προστὰς ἑτέρα παρέκειτο ὄπισθεν, καὶ τετράθυρος ἔφερεν εἰς αὐτὴν πυλών, ἐξ ἀριστερῶν δὲ καὶ δεξιῶν θυρίδες ὑπέκειντο εὐάειαν παρέχουσαι. συνῆπτο δὲ τούτοις ὁ μέγιστος οἶκος· περίπτερος δ’ ἦν εἴκοσι κλίνας ἐπιδεχόμενος, κατεσκεύαστο δ’ αὐτοῦ τὰ μὲν πλεῖστα ἀπὸ κέδρου σχιστῆς καὶ κυπαρίσσου Μιλησίας· αἱ δὲ τῆς περιστάσεως θύραι τὸν ἀριθμὸν εἴκοσι οὖσαι θυίναις κατεκεκόλληντο σανίσιν, ἐλεφαντίνους ἔχουσαι τοὺς κόσμους, ἡ δ’ ἐνήλωσις ἡ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ῥόπτρα ἐξ ἐρυθροῦ γεγονότα χαλκοῦ τὴν χρύσωσιν ἐκ πυρὸς εἰλήφει. τῶν δὲ κιόνων τὰ μὲν σώματα ἦν κυπαρίσσινα, αἱ δὲ κεφαλαὶ Κορινθιουργεῖς, ἐλέφαντι καὶ χρυσῷ διακεκοσμημέναι, τὸ δὲ ἐπιστύλιον ἐκ χρυσοῦ τὸ ὅλον ἐφ’ οὗ διάζωσμα ἐφήρμοστο περιφανῆ ζῴδια ἔχον ἐλεφάντινα μείζω πηχυαίων, τῇ μὲν τέχνῃ μέτρια, τῇ χορηγίᾳ δὲ ἀξιοθαύμαστα, ἐπέκειτο δὲ καὶ στέγη καλὴ τῷ συμποσίῳ τετράγωνος κυπαρισσίνη· γλυπτοὶ δ’ αὐτῆς ἦσαν οἱ κόσμοι, χρυσῆν ἔχοντες τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν. παρέκειτο δὲ τῷ συμποσίῳ τούτῳ καὶ κοιτὼν ἑπτάκλινος ᾧ συνῆπτο στενὴ σῦριγξ, κατὰ πλάτος τοῦ κύτους χωρίζουσα τὴν γυναικωνῖτιν. ἐν δὲ ταύτῃ συμπόσιον ἐννεάκλινον ἦν, παραπλήσιον τῇ πολυτελείᾳ τῷ μεγάλῳ, καὶ κοιτὼν πεντάκλινος. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἄχρι τῆς πρώτης στέγης κατεσκευασμένα τοιαῦτ’ ἦν, ἀναβάντων δὲ τὰς παρακειμένας πλησίον τῷ προειρημένῳ κοιτῶνι κλίμακας οἶκος ἦν ἄλλος πεντάκλινος ὀρόφωμα ῥομβωτὸν ἔχων καὶ πλησίον αὐτοῦ ναὸς Ἀφροδίτης θολοειδής, ἐν ᾧ μαρμάρινον ἄγαλμα τῆς θεοῦ. κατεναντίον δὲ τούτου ἄλλο συμπόσιον πολυτελὲς περίπτερον οἱ γὰρ κίονες αὐτοῦ ἐκ λίθων Ἰνδικῶν συνέκειντο. παρὰ δὲ καὶ τούτῳ τῷ συμποσίῳ κοιτῶνες, ἀκόλουθον τὴν κατασκευὴν τοῖς προδεδηλωμένοις ἔχοντες, προάγοντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν πρῷραν οἶκος ὑπέκειτο Βακχικὸς τρισκαιδεκάκλινος περίπτερος, ἐπίχρυσον ἔχων τὸ γεῖσον ἕως τοῦ περιτρέχοντας ἐπιστυλίου· στέγη δὲ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ διαθέσεως οἰκεία, ἐν δὲ τούτῳ κατὰ μὲν τὴν δεξιὰν πλευρὰν ἄντρον κατεσκεύαστο, οὗ χρῶμα μὲν ἦν ἔχον τὴν πετροποιίαν ἐκ λίθων ἀληθινῶν καὶ χρυσοῦ δεδημιουργημένην ἵδρυτο δ’ ἐν αὐτῷ τῆς τῶν βασιλέων συγγενείας ἀγάλματα εἰκονικὰ λίθου λυχνέως. ἐπιτερπὲς δ’ ἱκανῶς καὶ ἄλλο συμπόσιον ἦν ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ μεγίστου οἴκου στέγῃ κείμενον, σκηνῆς ἔχον τάξιν ᾧ στέγη μὲν οὐκ ἐπῆν, διατόναια δὲ τοξοειδῆ διὰ ποσοῦ τινος ἐνετέτατο διαστήματος, ἐφ’ ὧν αὐλαῖαι κατὰ τὸν ἀνάπλουν ἁλουργεῖς ἐνεπετάννυντο. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο αἴθριον ἐξεδέχετο τὴν ἐπάνω τῆς ὑποκειμένης προστάδος τάξιν κατέχον ᾧ κλῖμάξ τε ἑλικτὴ φέρουσα πρὸς τὸν κρυπτὸν περίπατον παρέκειτο καὶ συμπόσιον ἐννεάκλινον, τῇ διαθέσει τῆς κατασκευῆς Αἰγύπτιον. οἱ γὰρ γεγονότες αὐτόθι κίονες ἀνήγοντο στρογγύλοι, διαλλάττοντες τοῖς σπονδύλοις, τοῦ μὲν μέλανος, τοῦ δὲ λευκοῦ παράλληλα τιθεμένων. εἰσὶ δ’ αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ κεφαλαὶ τῷ σχήματι περιφερεῖς, ὧν ἡ μὲν ὅλη περιγραφὴ παραπλησία ῥόδοις ἐπὶ μικρὸν ἀναπεπταμένοις ἐστίν, περὶ δὲ τὸν προσαγορευόμενον κάλαθον οὐχ ἕλικες, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, καὶ φύλλα τραχέα περίκειται, λωτῶν δὲ ποταμίων κάλυκες καὶ φοινίκων ἀρτιβλάστων καρπὸς· ἔστι δ’ ὅτε καὶ πλειόνων ἄλλων ἀνθέων γέγλυπται γένη. τὸ δ’ ὑπὸ τὴν ῥίζαν, ὃ δὴ τῷ συνάπτοντι πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐπίκειται σπονδύλῳ, κιβωρίων ἄνθεσι καὶ φύλλοις ὡσανεὶ καταπεπλεγμένοις ὁμοίαν εἶχε τὴν διάθεσιν. τοὺς μὲν οὖν κίονας οὕτως Αἰγύπτιοι κατασκευάζουσι· καὶ τοὺς τοίχους δὲ λευκαῖς καὶ μελαίναις διαποικίλλουσι πλινθίσιν, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ἀλαβαστίτιδος προσαγορευομένης πέτρας, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἕτερα κατὰ μέσον τῆς νεὼς τὸ κύτος ἐν κοίλῃ καὶ κατὰ πᾶν αὐτῆς μέρος οἰκήματα ἦν. ὁ δὲ ἱστὸς ἦν αὐτῆς ἑβδομήκοντα πηχῶν, βύσσινον ἔχων ἱστίον ἁλουργεῖ παρασείῳ κεκοσμημένον. πᾶς δ’ ὁ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ Φιλαδέλφου πλοῦτος τοσοῦτον χρόνον φυλαχθεὶς κατελύθη ὑπὸ τοῦ τελευταίου Πτολεμαίου τοῦ καὶ τὸν Γαβινιακὸν συστησαμένου πόλεμον, οὐκ ἀνδρὸς γενομένου ἀλλ’ αὐλητοῦ καὶ μάγου.