40. Again, I expect that Archias, of the deme of Cholargas,—for he too was a Councillor last year-will plead on their behalf in his character of respectable citizen. But I suggest that you should meet his plea in some such way as this. Ask him whether the conduct with which the Council are charged seems to him honorable or the reverse, and if he says “honorable,” pay him no longer the attention due to a respectable man; if he says “dishonorable,” ask him a second question: why did he let it pass, if he claims to be a respectable man?
40. ἔτι τοίνυν Ἀρχίαν οἶμαι τὸν Χολαργέα (καὶ γὰρ οὗτος ἐβούλευεν πέρυσιν) ὡς ἐπιεικῆ δεήσεσθαι καὶ συνερεῖν αὐτοῖς. ἐγὼ δʼ οἴομαι δεῖν ὡδί πως ἀκούειν Ἀρχίου, ἐρωτᾶν αὐτὸν ταῦθʼ ἃ κατηγόρηται τῆς βουλῆς, πότερʼ αὐτῷ δοκεῖ καλῶς ἔχειν ἢ κακῶς· κἂν μὲν φῇ καλῶς, μηκέτι τὸν νοῦν ὡς ἐπιεικεῖ προσέχειν, ἂν δὲ κακῶς, τί δὴ ταῦτʼ εἴα φάσκων ἐπιεικὴς εἶναι, πάλιν αὐτὸν ἐρωτᾶτε.
41. If he says that he spoke against it but could persuade no one, surely it is ridiculous for him now to defend this Council that rejected all his excellent advice; but if he says that he held his tongue, is he not guilty of an injustice if he neglected his chance of dissuading them from the offence they were contemplating, and yet ventures now to say that having actually done so much evil they deserve to be crowned?
41. κἂν μὲν ἀντιλέγειν φῇ, μηδένα δʼ αὐτῷ πείθεσθαι, ἄτοπον δήπου νῦν λέγειν ὑπὲρ τῆς τὰ βέλτιστʼ οὐχὶ πειθομένης αὐτῷ βουλῆς· ἂν δὲ σιωπᾶν, πῶς οὐκ ἀδικεῖ, εἰ, παρὸν ἐξαμαρτάνειν μέλλοντας ἀποτρέπειν, τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἐποίει, νῦν δὲ λέγειν τολμᾷ ὡς δεῖ τοὺς τοσαῦτα κάκʼ εἰργασμένους στεφανῶσαι;
42. I expect too that Androtion will not refrain from pleading that all this has come upon him because of his success in collecting on your behalf large arrears of taxes, which a few citizens (so he will tell you) shamelessly neglected to pay; and he will denounce these men—undertaking an easy task, I think—[for not paying their property-tax], and will prophesy complete impunity for all who do not pay, if you give your verdict against him.
42. οἴομαι τοίνυν αὐτὸν οὐδʼ ἐκείνων ἀφέξεσθαι τῶν λόγων, ὅτι ταῦτα πάντʼ αὐτῷ διὰ τὰς εἰσπράξεις γέγονεν, ἃς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ὀλίγους εἰσπρᾶξαι φήσει πολλὰ χρήματʼ ἀναιδῶς οὐ τιθέντας. καὶ κατηγορήσει τούτων, πρᾶγμα ῥᾴδιον, οἶμαι, [τῶν μὴ τιθέντων τὰς εἰσφοράς,] καὶ φήσει πᾶσαν ἄδειαν ἔσεσθαι τοῦ μὴ τιθέναι τὰς εἰσφοράς, εἰ καταψηφιεῖσθʼ αὐτοῦ.
43. But I must first ask you, men of Athens, to reflect that the question you are sworn to decide is not this, but whether his proposal was in accordance with the laws. Next reflect that it is outrageous in one who charges others with violating the constitution to claim exemption from punishment for his own more serious violations; because it is obviously more serious to propose an unconstitutional decree than to fail to pay the property-tax.
43. ὑμεῖς δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πρῶτον μὲν ἐκεῖνο ἐνθυμεῖσθε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ τούτων δικάσειν ὀμωμόκατε, ἀλλʼ εἰ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τὸ ψήφισμʼ εἶπεν, εἶθʼ ὅτι πάνδεινόν ἐστι, κατηγορίαν ποιούμενον ὡς ἀδικοῦσί τινες τὴν πόλιν, αὐτὸν ἀξιοῦν ὧν ἀδικεῖ μειζόνων ὄντων μὴ δοῦναι δίκην· πολὺ γὰρ δήπου μεῖζόν ἐστʼ ἀδίκημα γράφειν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους ἢ τὴν εἰσφορὰν μὴ τιθέναι.
44. Then even if it were certain that after this man’s conviction no one would pay the tax or be willing to collect it, even so you must not acquit him, as you will see from this consideration. Upon the property-taxes from the archonship of Nausinicus—say three hundred talents or a trifle more —you have a deficit of fourteen talents, of which he levied seven; but I am assuming that he levied the whole amount. Now you do not need Androtion to deal with the willing payers, but with the defaulters.
44. ὅτι τοίνυν οὐδʼ εἰ φανερῶς ἔμελλεν ἁλόντος τούτου μηδεὶς εἰσοίσειν μηδʼ ἐθελήσειν εἰσπράττειν, οὐδʼ οὕτως ἀποψηφιστέον, ἐκ τῶνδε γνώσεσθε. ὑμῖν παρὰ τὰς εἰσφορὰς τὰς ἀπὸ Ναυσινίκου, παρʼ ἴσως τάλαντα τριακόσιʼ ἢ μικρῷ πλείω, ἔλλειμμα τέτταρα καὶ δέκʼ ἐστὶ τάλαντα, ὧν ἑπτὰ οὗτος εἰσέπραξεν, ἐγὼ δὲ τίθημʼ ἅπαντα. ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ τοὺς ἑκόντας τιθέντας οὐ δεῖσθʼ Ἀνδροτίωνος, ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ἐλλείποντας.
45. So you have now to consider whether that is the value that you put on the constitution, the existing laws, and your regard for your oath; for if you acquit him, though his proposal was manifestly illegal, everyone will conclude that you have preferred this sum of money to the laws and to your good faith. Why, even if a man gave you this sum out of his own pocket, it would not be worth taking, much less if it has to be exacted from others.
45. ἔστι τοίνυν ὑμῖν νυνὶ σκεπτέον, εἰ τοσούτου τιμᾶσθε τὴν πολιτείαν καὶ τοὺς κειμένους νόμους καὶ τὸ εὐορκεῖν· εἰ γὰρ ἀποψηφιεῖσθε τούτου φανερῶς οὕτως παρὰ τοὺς νόμους εἰρηκότος, δόξετε πᾶσιν τὰ χρήματα ταῦτʼ ἀντὶ τῶν νόμων καὶ τῆς εὐορκίας ᾑρῆσθαι. ἃ οὐδʼ ἂν εἰ παρʼ ἑαυτοῦ δοίη τις ὑμῖν, λαβεῖν ἄξιον, μή τί γʼ ἐφʼ ᾧ ἑτέρους εἰσπράττειν.
46. Therefore, when he uses this argument, remember your oath, and reflect that this indictment concerns not the collection of taxes, but the sovereignty of the laws. And as to all this—how he will try to hoodwink you by distracting you from the subject of this law, and what points you must bear in mind so as not to give way to him—though I might say more on these subjects, I will refrain, as I think that this will suffice.
46. ὥσθʼ ὅταν ταῦτα λέγῃ, μέμνησθε τῶν ὅρκων καὶ τὴν γραφὴν ἐνθυμεῖσθε, ὅτι νῦν οὐ περὶ πράξεως εἰσφορῶν ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ εἰ δεῖ κυρίους εἶναι τοὺς νόμους. καὶ περὶ τούτων μέν, ὃν τρόπον ὑμᾶς ἀπάγων ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου παρακρούεσθαι ζητήσει, καὶ ἃ πρὸς ταῦθʼ ὑμᾶς μνημονεύοντας μὴ ʼπιτρέπειν προσήκει, πολλὰ λέγειν ἔχων ἔτι, καὶ ταῦθʼ ἱκάνʼ εἶναι νομίζων, ἐάσω.
47. I desire also to subject the politics of this honorable gentleman to a scrutiny, from which it will be clear that he has not stopped short of the utmost limits of depravity; for I shall prove him to be shameless and reckless, a thief and a bully, fit for anything rather than to play a public part in a democracy. And first of all let us examine this levying of taxes, on which he chiefly prides himself. Without paying any attention to his boasts, let us look at the facts in their true light.
47. βούλομαι δὲ καὶ τὰ πολιτεύματα ἐξετάσαι τοῦ καλοῦ κἀγαθοῦ τούτου, διʼ ὧν οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅ τι τῶν δεινοτάτων ἐλλιπὼν φανήσεται· καὶ γὰρ ἀναιδῆ καὶ θρασὺν καὶ κλέπτην καὶ ὑπερήφανον καὶ πάντα μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ πολιτεύεσθαι ἐπιτήδειον ὄντʼ αὐτὸν δείξω. καὶ πρῶτον μέν, ἐφʼ ᾧ μέγιστον φρονεῖ, τὴν τῶν χρημάτων εἴσπραξιν ἐξετάσωμεν αὐτοῦ, μὴ τῇ τούτου προσέχοντες ἀλαζονείᾳ τὸν νοῦν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρᾶγμα οἷον γέγονεν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ σκοποῦντες.
48. He said that Euctemon was retaining your taxes, and he undertook to prove the charge or pay the sum out of his own pocket. On that pretext he got you to vote for the dismissal of an official appointed by lot, and so wormed his way into a collectorship. He delivered sundry harangues on the subject, telling you that you had a choice of three courses, either to break up the sacred plate, or to impose a fresh tax, or to squeeze the money out of the defaulters; and you naturally chose the last. Having you under his thumb, thanks to his promises, and having liberty of action owing to the state of affairs at the time, he did not think it necessary to employ the existing laws for his purpose, nor to make new laws, if he considered the old ones inadequate; but he proposed in your Assembly monstrous and unconstitutional decrees, by means of which he created a job for himself and has stolen a great deal that belongs to you, putting in a clause that the Eleven should attend on him.
48. οὗτος Εὐκτήμονα φήσας τὰς ὑμετέρας ἔχειν εἰσφορὰς καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐξελέγξειν ἢ παρʼ αὑτοῦ καταθήσειν, καταλύσας ψηφίσματι κληρωτὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ, ἐπὶ τὴν εἴσπραξιν παρέδυ. δημηγορίαν δʼ ἐπὶ τούτοις ποιούμενος, ὡς ἔστι τριῶν αἵρεσις, ἢ τὰ πομπεῖα κατακόπτειν ἢ πάλιν εἰσφέρειν ἢ τοὺς ὀφείλοντας εἰσπράττειν, αἱρουμένων εἰκότως ὑμῶν τοὺς ὀφείλοντας εἰσπράττειν, ταῖς ὑποσχέσεσιν κατέχων καὶ διὰ τὸν καιρὸν ὃς ἦν τότʼ ἔχων ἐξουσίαν, τοῖς μὲν κειμένοις νόμοις περὶ τούτων οὐκ ᾤετο δεῖν χρῆσθαι, οὐδʼ, εἰ μὴ τούτους ἐνόμιζʼ ἱκανούς, ἑτέρους τιθέναι, ψηφίσματα δʼ εἶπεν ἐν ὑμῖν δεινὰ καὶ παράνομα, διʼ ὧν ἠργολάβει καὶ πολλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων κέκλοφεν, τοὺς ἕνδεκα γράψας ἀκολουθεῖν μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ.
50. Then, with the Eleven, he led the way to the homes of his fellow-citizens. Against Euctemon he could prove nothing, though he had said that he would get the taxes out of him or pay them himself; but it was from you that he levied them, as if his motive was hostility, not to Euctemon, but to you.
50. εἶτʼ ἔχων τούτους ἦγʼ ἐπὶ τὰς ὑμετέρας οἰκίας. καὶ τὸν μὲν Εὐκτήμονα, ὃν εἰσπράξειν ἢ καταθήσειν αὐτὸς ἔφη τὰς εἰσφοράς, οὐδὲν εἶχεν ἐλέγχειν περὶ τούτων, ὑμᾶς δʼ εἰσέπραττεν, ὥσπερ οὐ διὰ τὴν Εὐκτήμονος ἔχθραν ἐπὶ ταῦτʼ ἐλθών, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν.
51. Let no one understand me to say that the money ought not to have been wrung from the defaulters. It ought; but how? Even as the law enjoins, for the benefit of the other citizens. That is the spirit of democracy. For what you, men of Athens, have gained by the exaction of such paltry sums of money in this way, is nothing to what you have lost by the introduction of such habits into political life. If you care to inquire why a man would sooner live under a democracy than under an oligarchy, you will find that most obvious reason is that in a democracy everything is more easy-going.
51. καὶ μηδεὶς ὑπολαμβανέτω με λέγειν ὡς οὐ χρῆν εἰσπράττειν τοὺς ὀφείλοντας. χρῆν γάρ. ἀλλὰ πῶς; ὡς ὁ νόμος κελεύει· τῶν ἄλλων ἕνεκα· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι δημοτικόν. οὐ γὰρ τοσοῦτον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοσούτων χρημάτων τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον εἰσπραχθέντων ὠφέλησθε, ὅσον ἐζημίωσθε τοιούτων ἐθῶν εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν εἰσαγομένων. εἰ γὰρ θέλετʼ ἐξετάσαι τίνος εἵνεκα μᾶλλον ἄν τις ἕλοιτʼ ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ ζῆν ἢ ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ, τοῦτʼ ἂν εὕροιτε προχειρότατον, ὅτι πάντα πραότερʼ ἐστὶν ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ.
52. I shall not, then, trouble to show that the defendant has proved himself more brutal than any oligarchy anywhere in the world. But here, in our own city, at what period were the most outrageous things done? You will all say, “Under the Thirty Tyrants.” Now under the Thirty, as we are informed, no man forfeited the power to save his life who could hide himself at home; what we denounce the Thirty for is that they arrested men illegally in the market-place. This man displayed a brutality so far in excess of theirs that he, a public man under a democracy, turned every man’s private house into a jail by conducting the Eleven into your homes.
52. ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν τῆς ὅπου βούλεσθʼ ὀλιγαρχίας οὗτος ἀσελγέστερος γέγονεν, παραλείψω. ἀλλὰ παρʼ ἡμῖν πότε πώποτε δεινότατʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει γέγονεν; ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα, πάντες ἂν εἴποιτε. τότε τοίνυν, ὡς ἔστιν ἀκούειν, οὐδεὶς ἔστιν ὅστις ἀπεστερεῖτο τοῦ σωθῆναι, ὅστις ἑαυτὸν οἴκοι κρύψειεν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο κατηγοροῦμεν τῶν τριάκοντα, ὅτι τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἀδίκως ἀπῆγον. οὗτος τοίνυν τοσαύτην ὑπερβολὴν ἐποιήσατʼ ἐκείνων τῆς αὑτοῦ βδελυρίας ὥστʼ ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ πολιτευόμενος τὴν ἰδίαν οἰκίαν ἑκάστῳ δεσμωτήριον καθίστη, τοὺς ἕνδεκʼ ἄγων ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας.
53. But what do you think of this, Athenians? What if a poor man, or a rich man for that matter who has spent much money and is naturally perhaps rather short of cash, should have to climb over the roof to a neighbor’s house or creep under bed, to avoid being caught and dragged off to jail, or should degrade himself in some other fashion, fit for slaves and not for freemen, and should be seen thus acting by his own wife, whom he espoused as a freeman and a citizen of our state? And what if the cause of all this was Androtion, a man who is debarred by his own conduct and mode of life from seeking redress for himself, much more for the State?
53. καίτοι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τί οἴεσθʼ ὁπότʼ ἄνθρωπος πένης ἢ καὶ πλούσιος, πολλὰ δʼ ἀνηλωκὼς καί τινʼ ἴσως τρόπον εἰκότως οὐκ εὐπορῶν ἀργυρίου, ἢ τέγος ὡς τοὺς γείτονας ὑπερβαίνοι, ἢ ὑποδύοιθʼ ὑπὸ κλίνην ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ τὸ σῶμʼ ἁλοὺς εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἕλκεσθαι, ἢ ἄλλʼ ἀσχημονοίη ἃ δούλων, οὐκ ἐλευθέρων ἐστὶν ἔργα, καὶ ταῦθʼ ὑπὸ τῆς αὑτοῦ γυναικὸς ὁρῷτο ποιῶν, ἣν ὡς ἐλεύθερος ἠγγυήσατο καὶ τῆς πόλεως πολίτης, ὁ δὲ τούτων αἴτιος Ἀνδροτίων εἴη, ὃν οὐδʼ ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ δίκην λαμβάνειν ἐᾷ τὰ πεπραγμένα καὶ βεβιωμένα, μή τί γʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως;
54. Yet if he were asked whether the taxes are due from our property or from our persons, he would admit, if he cared to speak the truth, that they are due from our property; it is from property that our contributions come. Then why did you drop the sequestration and scheduling of lands and houses, and proceed to imprison and insult Athenian citizens and the unfortunate resident aliens, whom you have treated with more insolence than your own slaves?
54. καίτοι εἴ τις ἔροιτʼ αὐτόν, τὰς εἰσφορὰς πότερον τὰ κτήματʼ ἢ τὰ σώματʼ ὀφείλει, τὰ κτήματα φήσειεν ἄν, εἴπερ ἀληθῆ λέγειν βούλοιτο· ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων εἰσφέρομεν. τίνος οὖν εἵνεκʼ ἀφεὶς τὸ τὰ χωρία δημεύειν καὶ τὰς οἰκίας καὶ ταῦτʼ ἀπογράφειν, ἔδεις καὶ ὕβριζες πολίτας ἀνθρώπους καὶ τοὺς ταλαιπώρους μετοίκους, οἷς ὑβριστικώτερον ἢ τοῖς οἰκέταις τοῖς σαυτοῦ κέχρησαι;
55. Indeed, if you wanted to contrast the slave and the freeman, you would find the most important distinction in the fact that slaves are responsible in person for all offences, while freemen, even in the most unfortunate circumstances, can protect their persons. For it is in the shape of money that in the majority of cases the law must obtain satisfaction from them; but Androtion on the contrary exacted vengeance from their persons, as if they had been bond-slaves.
55. καὶ μὴν εἰ θέλετε σκέψασθαι τί δοῦλον ἢ ἐλεύθερον εἶναι διαφέρει, τοῦτο μέγιστον ἂν εὕροιτε, ὅτι τοῖς μὲν δούλοις τὸ σῶμα τῶν ἀδικημάτων ἁπάντων ὑπεύθυνόν ἐστιν, τοῖς δʼ ἐλευθέροις, κἂν τὰ μέγιστʼ ἀτυχῶσιν, τοῦτό γʼ ἔνεστι σῶσαι· εἰς χρήματα γὰρ τὴν δίκην περὶ τῶν πλείστων παρὰ τούτων προσήκει λαμβάνειν. ὁ δὲ τοὐναντίον εἰς τὰ σώματα, ὥσπερ ἀνδραπόδοις, ἐποιήσατο τὰς τιμωρίας.
56. So corrupt and selfish was his attitude towards you that he thought that his own father, imprisoned by the State for moneys due, had a right to escape, without payment and without trial, but that any other citizen, not having the means to pay, might be dragged from his own home to prison. And then, on the top of all this, as though he could do whatever he liked, he distrained upon Sinope and Phanostrate, who were prostitutes certainly, but owed no property-tax.
56. οὕτω δʼ αἰσχρῶς καὶ πλεονεκτικῶς ἔσχε πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὥστε τὸν μὲν ἑαυτοῦ πατέρα ᾤετο δεῖν, δημοσίᾳ δεθέντʼ ἐπὶ χρήμασιν ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ, μήτʼ ἀποδόντα ταῦτα μήτε κριθέντʼ ἀποδρᾶναι, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων πολιτῶν τὸν μὴ δυνάμενον τὰ ἑαυτοῦ θεῖναι οἴκοθεν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἕλκεσθαι. εἶτʼ ἐπὶ τούτοις, ὡς ὁτιοῦν ἐξὸν ἑαυτῷ ποιεῖν, Σινώπην προσηνεχύραζεν καὶ Φανοστράτην, ἀνθρώπους πόρνας, οὐ μέντοι ὀφειλούσας εἰσφοράς.
57. Should anyone possibly think that those women were fitting people to suffer, yet assuredly it was not a fitting procedure—that men should be so puffed up by a chance opportunity as to march into houses and carry off the furniture of people who are not in debt. For one could point to many who are and have been “fitting persons” for such treatment. But surely such is not the language of the statutes or of the principles of the constitution, which it is your duty to uphold. In them we find pity, pardon, everything that becomes free citizens.
57. καίτοι εἴ τισιν ἄρα δοκοῦσʼ ἐπιτήδειαι ʼκεῖναι παθεῖν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρᾶγμά γʼ οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον γίγνεσθαι, τηλικοῦτό τινας φρονεῖν διὰ καιρὸν ὥστε βαδίζειν ἐπʼ οἰκίας καὶ σκεύη φέρειν μηδὲν ὀφειλόντων ἀνθρώπων. πολλὰ γὰρ ἄν τις ἴδοι πολλοὺς ἐπιτηδείους ὄντας πάσχειν καὶ πεπονθέναι. ἀλλʼ οὐ ταῦτα λέγουσιν οἱ νόμοι, οὐδὲ τὰ τῆς πολιτείας ἔθη, ἃ φυλακτέον ὑμῖν· ἀλλʼ ἔνεστʼ ἔλεος, συγγνώμη, πάνθʼ ἃ προσήκει τοῖς ἐλευθέροις.
58. To all such feelings the defendant is of course a stranger by birth and breeding. Many are the outrages and insults that he has had to submit to when consorting with men who had no love for him but could pay his price. For such insults, Androtion, it would have been right to vent your spite, not on the next citizen you meet, not on the women who follow your own profession, but on the father who gave you such a bringing up.
58. ὧν οὗτος ἁπάντων εἰκότως οὐ μετέχει τῇ φύσει οὐδὲ τῇ παιδείᾳ· πολλὰ γὰρ ὕβρισται καὶ προπεπηλάκισται συνὼν οὐκ ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὸν ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ δοῦναι μισθὸν δυναμένοις· ὧν προσῆκέ σοι τὴν ὀργὴν οὐκ εἰς τῶν πολιτῶν τὸν τυχόντʼ ἀφιέναι οὐδʼ εἰς τὰς ὁμοτέχνους πόρνας, ἀλλʼ εἰς τὸν τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον σε θρέψαντα.
59. Now that these are serious offences, contrary to every statute, he will not be able to deny; but he is so impudent that in the Assembly, contriving always an anticipation of his defence against this indictment, he dared to say that it was in your interests and for your sake that he had drawn down enmity on himself and was now in desperate peril. But I want to prove to you, men of Athens, that he has never suffered, nor is likely to suffer, any inconvenience at all through his services to you, but that for his abominable and monstrous wickedness he has hitherto not paid the penalty, but will pay it now, if you on your part do what is right.
59. ταῦτα τοίνυν ὡς μὲν οὐ δεινὰ καὶ παρὰ πάντας τοὺς νόμους, οὐχ ἕξει λέγειν οὗτος· οὕτω δʼ ἐστὶν ἀναιδὴς ὥστʼ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, προάγωνας ἀεὶ κατασκευάζων αὑτῷ τῆσδε τῆς γραφῆς, ἐτόλμα λέγειν ὡς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καὶ διʼ ὑμᾶς ἐχθροὺς ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν εἵλκυκε καὶ νῦν ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἐστὶ κινδύνοις. ἐγὼ δʼ ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, βούλομαι δεῖξαι τοῦτον οὔτε πεπονθότʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν κακὸν οὔτε μέλλοντα πάσχειν οὐδὲν διʼ ὧν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἔπραξε, διὰ μέντοι τὴν αὑτοῦ βδελυρίαν καὶ θεοισεχθρίαν πεπονθότα μὲν μέχρι τῆσδε τῆς ἡμέρας οὐδέν, πεισόμενον δʼ, ἂν τὰ δίκαια ποιῆθʼ ὑμεῖς.
60. Consider this point. What did he undertake to do for you, and what did you appoint him to do? To collect moneys. Anything else besides? Not a single thing! Very well; I will remind you of the items of his accounts. He collected from Leptines of Coele thirty-four drachmas, from Theoxenus of Alopece seventy drachmas or a trifle more, and from Callicrates, the son of Eupherus, and from the young son of Telestes, whose name I cannot give you—but without going into details, of all those from whom he collected money, I doubt if anyone owed more than a mina.
60. σκέψασθε γὰρ ὡδί. τί ποθʼ ὑμῖν οὗτος ὑπέσχετο καὶ τί ποιεῖν αὐτὸν ἐχειροτονήσαθʼ ὑμεῖς; χρήματʼ εἰσπράττειν. ἄλλο δὲ πρὸς τούτῳ τί ποιεῖν; οὐδὲ ἕν. φέρε δὴ καθʼ ἕκαστον ὑπομνήσω τὴν εἴσπραξιν ὑμᾶς. οὗτος εἰσέπραξε Λεπτίνην τὸν ἐκ Κοίλης τέτταρας καὶ τριάκοντα δραχμάς, καὶ Θεόξενον τὸν Ἀλωπεκῆθεν δραχμὰς ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι πρός, καὶ τὸν Εὐφήρου Καλλικράτην καὶ τὸν Τελέστου νεανίσκον· οὐκ ἔχω γὰρ τοὔνομʼ εἰπεῖν· σχεδὸν δὲ πάντας οὓς εἰσέπραξεν, ἵνα μὴ καθʼ ἕκαστον λέγω, οὐκ οἶδʼ εἴ τινʼ ὑπὲρ μνᾶν ὀφείλοντα.
61. Then do you suppose that all these men are his inveterate enemies merely because he collected this money from them? Is it not rather because he said of one of them, in the hearing of all of you in the Assembly, that he was a slave and born of slaves and ought by rights to pay the contribution of one-sixth with the resident aliens; and of another that he had children by a harlot; of this man that his father had prostituted himself; of that man that his mother had been on the streets; that he was making an inventory of one man’s peculations from the start of his career, that another had done this or that, and that a third had committed every conceivable crime—slandering them all in turn?
61. πότερʼ οὖν οἴεσθε τούτων ἕκαστον μισεῖν καὶ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ διὰ τὴν εἰσφορὰν ταύτην, ἢ τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν, ὅτι πάντων ἀκουόντων ὑμῶν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ δοῦλον ἔφη καὶ ἐκ δούλων εἶναι καὶ προσήκειν αὐτῷ τὸ ἕκτον μέρος εἰσφέρειν μετὰ τῶν μετοίκων, τῷ δὲ παῖδας ἐκ πόρνης εἶναι, τοῦ δὲ τὸν πατέρʼ ἡταιρηκέναι, τοῦ δὲ τὴν μητέρα πεπορνεῦσθαι, τὸν δʼ ἀπογράφειν ὅσʼ ὑφείλετʼ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τὸν δὲ τὸ δεῖνα, τὸν δʼ ὁμοῦ ῥητὰ καὶ ἄρρητα κακά, ἑξῆς ἅπαντας;
62. I feel sure that of all whom he has abused in his cups, each one looked upon the tax as a necessary item of expenditure, but has been deeply wounded by all these indignities and insults. I feel sure too that he was elected by you to collect money due, and not to reproach every man with his private misfortunes and so make them public. For if the charges were true, Androtion (and we all have our undesirable experiences), you had no right to publish them; and if you invented them without any authority, is any punishment too light for you?
62. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅτι πάντες, εἰς οὓς ἐπαρῴνησεν οὗτος, τὴν μὲν εἰσφορὰν ἕκαστος ἀναγκαῖον ἀνάλωμʼ ὑπελάμβανεν εἶναι, τοιαῦτα δʼ ἀτιμασθεὶς καὶ προπηλακισθεὶς χαλεπῶς ἐνήνοχεν. κἀκεῖνο οἶδα, ὅτι χρήματʼ εἰσπράττειν τοῦτον ἐχειροτονήσαθʼ ὑμεῖς, οὐχὶ τὰς ἰδίας συμφορὰς ὀνειδίζειν καὶ προφέρειν ἑκάστῳ. εἴτε γὰρ ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς, οὐ σοὶ ῥητέαι (πολλὰ γὰρ ἡμῶν ἕκαστος οὐχ ὡς βούλεται πράττει)· εἴτε μὴ προσηκούσας κατεσκεύαζες, πῶς οὐχ ὁτιοῦν ἂν πάθοις δικαίως;
63. Here is yet another proof that will convince you that they all hate him, not because of the collection, but for his acts of drunken insolence. Satyrus, the superintendent of the dock-yards, collected for you not seven, but thirty-four talents from these very same men, and used the money to equip the ships that were put in commission; and he can tell you that he has made no enemies in consequence, and that none of those from whom he levied the taxes is at open war with him. Naturally! He, I suppose, simply discharged the duty assigned to him, but you in your wanton, headstrong effrontery, being armed with authority, thought fit to terse with foul and lying reproaches men who had spent large sums on the State, better men than yourself and of better birth.
63. ἔτι τοίνυν ἐκ τοῦδʼ ἀκριβέστερον γνώσεσθʼ ὅτι μισεῖ τοῦτον ἕκαστος οὐ διὰ τὴν εἴσπραξιν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ ὧν ὑβρίσθη καὶ ἐπαρῳνήθη. Σάτυρος γὰρ ὁ τῶν νεωρίων ἐπιμελητὴς οὐχ ἑπτὰ τάλαντʼ εἰσέπραξεν ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ τέτταρα καὶ τριάκοντα τοὺς αὐτοὺς τούτους ἀνθρώπους, ἐξ ὧν παρέθηκε τὰ σκεύη ταῖς ἐκπλευσάσαις ναυσίν· καὶ οὔτʼ ἐκεῖνος διὰ ταῦτʼ οὐδένʼ ἐχθρὸν αὑτῷ φησὶν εἶναι, οὔτε τῶν εἰσπραχθέντων οὐδεὶς ἐκείνῳ πολεμεῖ. ὁ μὲν γὰρ τὸ προστεταγμένον, οἶμαι, διεπράττετο, σὺ δὲ τῇ σαυτοῦ προπετείᾳ καὶ θρασύτητι λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν πόλλʼ ἀνηλωκότας εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀνθρώπους καὶ σοῦ βελτίους καὶ ἐκ βελτιόνων ψευδέσι καὶ χαλεποῖς ὀνείδεσιν ᾤου δεῖν περιβάλλειν.
64. After this, are the jury to believe that you did it all for their sakes? Are they to make themselves responsible for your acts of callous wickedness? They ought in justice to detest you all the more for this rather than protect you. For the man who is acting for the State ought to imitate the spirit of the State, and you, Athenians, ought to encourage such men and hate men like the defendant. For though you are probably aware of it, I must none the less tell you this: whatever sort of men you are seen to honor and protect, you will be thought to be like them yourselves.
64. εἶτα ταῦθʼ οὗτοι πεισθῶσʼ ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν σε ποιεῖν, καὶ τὰ τῆς σῆς ἀναισθησίας καὶ πονηρίας ἔργʼ ἐφʼ αὑτοὺς ἀναδέξωνται; ἀλλὰ μισεῖν δικαιότερον διὰ ταῦτά σʼ ὀφείλουσιν ἢ σῴζειν. τὸν γὰρ ὑπὲρ πόλεως πράττοντά τι δεῖ τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦθος μιμεῖσθαι, καὶ σῴζειν ὑμῖν τοὺς τοιούτους, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, προσήκει, καὶ μισεῖν τοὺς οἵουσπερ οὗτος. ὡς ἐκεῖνʼ εἰδόσιν μὲν ἴσως, ὅμως δʼ ἐρῶ· ὁποίους τινὰς ἂν φαίνησθʼ ἀγαπῶντες καὶ σῴζοντες, τούτοις ὅμοιοι δόξετʼ εἶναι.
65. However, I will make it quite clear to you without more ado that he did not carry out these exactions for your benefit at all. If he were asked whether, in his opinion, the greater injury is done to the common wealth by tillers of the soil, who live frugally, but, because of the cost of maintaining their children, or of household expenses, or of other public burdens, are behindhand with their taxes, or by people who plunder and squander the money of willing taxpayers and the revenue that comes from our allies, I am sure that, for all his hardihood, he would never have the audacity to reply that those who fail to contribute their own money are worse transgressors than those who embezzle public money.
65. ὅτι τοίνυν ὅλως οὐδὲ τὴν εἴσπραξιν αὐτὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν πεποίηται, καὶ τοῦτʼ αὐτίκα δὴ μάλʼ ὑμῖν δῆλον ποιήσω. εἰ γάρ τις ἔροιτʼ αὐτὸν πότερʼ αὐτῷ δοκοῦσʼ ἀδικεῖν μᾶλλον τὴν πόλιν οἱ γεωργοῦντες καὶ φειδόμενοι, διὰ παιδοτροφίας δὲ καὶ οἰκεῖʼ ἀναλώματα καὶ λῃτουργίας ἑτέρας ἐλλελοιπότες εἰσφοράν, ἢ οἱ τὰ τῶν ἐθελησάντων εἰσενεγκεῖν χρήματα καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν συμμάχων κλέπτοντες καὶ ἀπολλύντες, οὐκ ἂν εἰς τοῦτο τόλμης δήπου, καίπερ ὢν ἀναιδής, ἔλθοι, ὥστε φῆσαι τοὺς τὰ ἑαυτῶν μὴ εἰσφέροντας μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖν ἢ τοὺς τὰ κοίνʼ ὑφαιρουμένους.
66. What is the reason, you abominable wretch, that though you have taken part in public life for more than thirty years, and though during that time many commanders have defrauded the commonwealth, and many politicians as well, who have been tried in this court, and though some of them have suffered death for their crimes, and others have slipped away into exile, you never once appeared as prosecutor of any of them or expressed any indignation at the wrongs of the city, bold and clever speaker though you are, but made your first exhibition of anxiety for our welfare on an occasion that called for harsh treatment of a great many people?
66. τίνος οὖν ἕνεκʼ, ὦ βδελυρέ, ἐτῶν ὄντων πλειόνων ἢ τριάκοντʼ ἀφʼ οὗ σὺ πολιτεύει, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ πολλῶν μὲν στρατηγῶν ἠδικηκότων τὴν πόλιν, πολλῶν δὲ ῥητόρων, οἳ παρὰ τουτοισὶ κέκρινται, ὧν οἱ μὲν τεθνᾶσιν ἐφʼ οἷς ἠδίκουν, οἱ δʼ ὑποχωρήσαντες φεύγουσιν, οὐδενὸς πώποτʼ ἐξητάσθης κατήγορος οὐδʼ ἀγανακτῶν ὤφθης ὑπὲρ ὧν ἡ πόλις πάσχει, οὕτως ὢν θρασὺς καὶ λέγειν δεινός, ἀλλʼ ἐνταῦθʼ ἐφάνης κηδεμὼν ὤν, οὗ [σε] πολλοὺς ἔδει κακῶς ποιῆσαι;
67. Do you wish me to tell you the reason, men of Athens? “He has his share in the proceeds of certain iniquities, and he also gets his pickings from the collection of revenue. In his insatiable greed he reaps a double harvest from the State. Now it is not an easier matter to make enemies of a multitude of petty offenders than of a few big offenders; neither of course is it a more popular thing to have an eye for the sins of the many than for the sins of the few. However, the reason is what I am telling you.” He knows indeed that he is one of them, one of the criminals, but he thought you beneath his notice; and that was why he treated you in this way.
67. βούλεσθʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ τούτων αἴτιον ἐγὼ ὑμῖν εἴπω; ὅτι τῶν μὲν μετέχουσιν ὧν ἀδικοῦσιν ὑμᾶς τινες, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν εἰσπραττομένων ὑφαιροῦνται· διʼ ἀπληστίαν δὲ τρόπων διχόθεν καρποῦνται τὴν πόλιν. οὔτε γὰρ ῥᾷον πολλοῖς καὶ τὰ μίκρʼ ἀδικοῦσιν ἀπεχθάνεσθαι ἢ ὀλίγοις καὶ μεγάλα, οὔτε δημοτικώτερον δήπου τὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἀδικήμαθʼ ὁρᾶν ἢ τὰ τῶν ὀλίγων. ἀλλὰ τοῦτʼ αἴτιον οὑγὼ λέγω. τῶν μὲν οἶδεν ἑαυτὸν ὄντα, τῶν ἀδικούντων, ὑμᾶς δʼ οὐδενὸς ἀξίους ἡγήσατο· διὸ τοῦτον ἐχρήσατο τὸν τρόπον ὑμῖν.
68. If you had confessed, men of Athens, that you are a nation of slaves and not of men who claim empire over others, you would never have put up with the insults which he repeatedly offered you in the marketplace, binding and arresting aliens and citizens alike, bawling from the platform in the Assembly, calling men slaves and slave-born who were better men than himself and of better birth, and asking if the jail was built for no object. I should certainly say it was, if your father danced his way out of it, fetters and all, at the procession of the Dionysia. All his other outrages it would be impossible to relate; they are too numerous. For all of them taken together you must exact vengeance today, and make an example of him to teach the rest to behave with more restraint.
68. εἰ γὰρ ἀνδραπόδων πόλις, ἀλλὰ μὴ τῶν ἄρχειν ἑτέρων ἀξιούντων ὡμολογεῖτʼ εἶναι, οὐκ ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰς ὕβρεις ἠνέσχεσθε τὰς τούτου, ἃς κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν ὕβριζεν ὁμοῦ μετοίκους, Ἀθηναίους· δῶν, ἀπάγων, βοῶν ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος· δούλους καὶ ἐκ δούλων καλῶν αὑτοῦ βελτίους καὶ ἐκ βελτιόνων· ἐρωτῶν εἰ μάτην τὸ δεσμωτήριον ᾠκοδομήθη. καταφαίην ἂν ἔγωγε, εἴ γʼ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ σὸς ᾤχετʼ αὐτόθεν αὐταῖς πέδαις ἐξορχησάμενος Διονυσίων τῇ πομπῇ. ἄλλα δʼ ὅσʼ ὕβρικεν οὐδʼ ἂν ἔχοι τις εἰπεῖν· τοσαῦτα τὸ πλῆθός ἐστιν. ὧν ἁθρόων ἄξιον λαβόντας δίκην τήμερον παράδειγμα ποιῆσαι τοῖς ἄλλοις, ἵνʼ ὦσιν μετριώτεροι.
69. Yes, it may be said, this is the sort of man he was in his public conduct, but there are other things which he has managed with credit. On the contrary, in every respect his behavior towards his fellow-citizens has been such that the story you have heard is the least of the reasons you have for hating him. What do you wish me to mention? How he “repaired” the processional ornaments? How he broke up the crowns? His success as a manufacturer of saucers? Why, for those performances alone, though he had committed no other fraud on the city, it seems to me he deserves not one but three sentences of death; for he is guilty of sacrilege, of impiety, of embezzlement, of every monstrous crime.
69. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία ταῦτα μὲν τοιοῦτός ἐστιν ἐν οἷς πεπολίτευται, ἄλλα δʼ ἔσθʼ ἃ καλῶς διῴκηκεν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τἄλλʼ οὕτω προσελήλυθε πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὥσθʼ ἥκιστʼ ἐν οἷς ἀκηκόατʼ ἄξιός ἐστι μισεῖσθαι. τί γὰρ βούλεσθʼ εἴπω; τὰ πομπεῖʼ ὡς ἐπεσκεύασεν, καὶ τὴν τῶν στεφάνων καθαίρεσιν, ἢ τὴν τῶν φιαλῶν ποίησιν τὴν καλήν; ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τούτοις γε, εἰ μηδὲν ἄλλʼ ἀδικῶν ἔτυχεν τὴν πόλιν, τρίς, οὐχ ἅπαξ τεθνάναι δίκαιος ὢν φανεῖται· καὶ γὰρ ἱεροσυλίᾳ καὶ ἀσεβείᾳ καὶ κλοπῇ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς δεινοτάτοις ἔστʼ ἔνοχος.
70. The greater part of the speech by which he threw dust in your eyes I will leave unnoticed; but, by alleging that the leaves of the crowns were rotten with age and falling off,—as though they were violet-leaves or rose-leaves, not leaves made of gold—he persuaded you to melt them down. And then, in providing for the collection of taxes, he had put in a clause that the public accountant should attend. That was very honest of him; only every taxpayer was certain to check the accounts. But in dealing with the crowns that he was to break up, he left out that very proper regulation; one and the same man was orator, goldsmith, business manager, and auditor of accounts.
70. τὰ μὲν οὖν πόλλʼ ὧν λέγων ὑμᾶς ἐφενάκιζεν παραλείψω· φήσας δʼ ἀπορρεῖν τὰ φύλλα τῶν στεφάνων καὶ σαπροὺς εἶναι διὰ τὸν χρόνον, ὥσπερ ἴων ἢ ῥόδων ὄντας, ἀλλʼ οὐ χρυσίου, συγχωνεύειν ἔπεισεν. κᾆτʼ ἐπὶ μὲν ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς τὸν δημόσιον παρεῖναι προέγραψεν ὡς δὴ δίκαιος ὤν, ὧν ἕκαστος ἀντιγραφεὺς ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι τῶν εἰσενεγκόντων· ἐπὶ τοῖς στεφάνοις δʼ οὓς κατέκοπτεν οὐχὶ προσήγαγεν ταὐτὸ δίκαιον τοῦτο, ἀλλʼ αὑτὸς ῥήτωρ, χρυσοχόος, ταμίας, ἀντιγραφεὺς γέγονεν.
71. Now if you, sir, had claimed our entire confidence in all your public business, your dishonesty would not have been equally manifest; but, seeing that in the matter of the taxes you laid down the just principle that the city must trust, not you, but her own servants, and then, when you took up another job and were tampering with the consecrated plate, some of it dedicated before we were born, you forgot to provide the precaution that was taken at your own instance in respect of the tax collection, is it not perfectly clear what you were aiming at? Of course it is.
71. καὶ μὴν εἰ μὲν ἅπαντʼ ἠξίους, ὅσα πράττεις τῇ πόλει, σαυτῷ πιστεύειν, οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως κλέπτης ὢν ἐφωρῶ· νῦν δʼ ἐπὶ ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς ὃ δίκαιόν ἐσθʼ ὁρίσας, μὴ σοὶ πιστεύειν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἑαυτῆς δούλοις τὴν πόλιν, ὁπότʼ ἄλλο τι πράττων καὶ χρήματα κινῶν ἱερά, ὧν ἔνιʼ οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας γενεᾶς ἀνετέθη, μὴ προσγραψάμενος τὴν αὐτὴν φυλακὴν ἥνπερ περὶ τῶν εἰσφορῶν φαίνει, οὐκ εὔδηλον διʼ ὃ τοῦτʼ ἐποίησας; ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι.
72. Again, men of Athens, consider those glorious and enviable inscriptions that he has obliterated for all time, and the strange and blasphemous inscriptions that he has written in their stead. You all, I suppose, used to see the words written under the circlets of the crowns: “The Allies to the Athenian People for valor and righteousness,” or “The Allies to the Goddess of Athens, a prize of victory”; or, from the several states of the alliance, “Such-and-such a City to the People by whom they were delivered,” or, “The liberated Euboeans,” for example, “crown the People”; or again, “Conon from the sea-fight with the Lacedaemonians.” Such, I say, were the inscriptions of the crowns.
72. καὶ μήν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου σκέψασθʼ ὡς καλὰ καὶ ζηλώτʼ ἐπιγράμματα τῆς πόλεως ἀνελὼν ὡς ἀσεβῆ καὶ δείνʼ ἀντεπιγέγραφεν. οἶμαι γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἅπαντας ὁρᾶν ὑπὸ τῶν στεφάνων ταῖς χοινικίσιν κάτωθεν γεγραμμένα οἱ σύμμαχοι τὸν δῆμον ἀνδραγαθίας εἵνεκα καὶ δικαιοσύνης, ἢ οἱ σύμμαχοι ἀριστεῖον τῇ Ἀθηναίᾳ, ἢ κατὰ πόλεις οἱ δεῖνες τὸν δῆμον, σωθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου, οἷον Εὐβοεῖς ἐλευθερωθέντες ἐστεφάνωσαν τὸν δῆμον, πάλιν Κόνων ἀπὸ τῆς ναυμαχίας τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους· τοιαῦτα γὰρ ἦν τὰ τῶν στεφάνων ἐπιγράμματα.
73. They were tokens of emulation and honorable ambition; but now they have vanished with the destruction of the crowns, and the saucers which that lewd fellow has had made in their place bear the inscription, “Made by direction of Androtion.” And so the name of a man whom the laws forbid to enter our temples in person because of his prostitution, has been inscribed on the cups in those temples. Just like the old inscriptions, is it not? and an equal incentive to ambition?
73. ταῦτα μὲν τοίνυν, ἃ ζῆλον πολὺν εἶχε καὶ φιλοτιμίαν ὑμῖν, ἠφάνισται καθαιρεθέντων τῶν στεφάνων· ἐπὶ ταῖς φιάλαις δʼ ἃς ἀντʼ ἐκείνων ἐποιήσαθʼ ὑμῖν ὁ πόρνος οὗτος, Ἀνδροτίωνος ἐπιμελουμένου [ἐποιήθησαν] ἐπιγέγραπται· καὶ οὗ τὸ σῶμʼ ἡταιρηκότος οὐκ ἐῶσιν οἱ νόμοι εἰς τὰ ἱέρʼ εἰσιέναι, τούτου τοὔνομʼ ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἐπὶ τῶν φιαλῶν γεγραμμένον ἐστίν. ὅμοιόν γε, οὐ γάρ; τοῦτο τοῖς προτέροις ἐπιγράμμασιν, ἢ φιλοτιμίαν ἴσην ἔχον ὑμῖν.
74. “You may, then, mark three scandalous crimes committed by these persons. They have robbed the Goddess of her crowns. They have extinguished in the city that spirit of emulation that sprang from the achievements which the crowns, while in being, commemorated. They have deprived the donors of a great honor,—the credit of gratitude for benefits received. After this long series of evil deeds they have grown so callous and so audacious that they recall those crimes as admirable examples of their administration, so that one of them expects you to acquit him for the sake of the other, and the other sits by his side and does not sink into the ground for shame at his conduct.”
74. τρία τοίνυν ἐκ τούτου τὰ δεινότατʼ ἄν τις ἴδοι πεπραγμένʼ αὐτοῖς. τὴν μὲν γὰρ θεὸν τοὺς στεφάνους σεσυλήκασιν· τῆς πόλεως δὲ τὸν ζῆλον ἠφανίκασι τὸν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων, ὧν ὑπόμνημʼ ἦσαν ὄντες οἱ στέφανοι· τοὺς δʼ ἀναθέντας δόξαν οὐ μικρὰν ἀφῄρηνται, τὸ δοκεῖν ὧν ἂν εὖ πάθωσʼ ἐθέλειν μεμνῆσθαι. καὶ τοιαῦτα καὶ τοσαῦτα τὸ πλῆθος κάκʼ εἰργασμένοι εἰς τοῦθʼ ἅμʼ ἀναισθησίας καὶ τόλμης προεληλύθασιν, [ὥστε μέμνηνται τούτων ὡς καλῶς αὐτοῖς διῳκημένων,] ὥσθʼ ὁ μὲν οἴεται διʼ ἐκεῖνον ὑφʼ ὑμῶν σωθήσεσθαι, ὁ δὲ παρακάθηται καὶ οὐ καταδύεται τοῖς πεπραγμένοις.
75. Not only is he lost to shame when money is in question, but he is so dull-witted that he cannot see that crowns are a symbol of merit, but saucers and the like only of wealth; that every crown, how ever small, implies the same regard for honor as if it were large. that drinking-cups and censers, if very numerous, attach to their owners a sort of reputation for wealth, but that, if a man takes pride in trifles, instead of winning some honor by them, he is disdained as a man of vulgar tastes. This man, then, has destroyed the possessions of honor, and made the possessions of wealth mean and unworthy of your dignity.
75. οὕτω δʼ οὐ μόνον εἰς χρήματʼ ἀναιδής, ἀλλὰ καὶ σκαιός ἐστιν, ὥστʼ οὐκ οἶδεν ἐκεῖνο, ὅτι στέφανοι μέν εἰσʼ ἀρετῆς σημεῖον, φιάλαι δὲ καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα πλούτου, καὶ στέφανος μὲν ἅπας, κἂν μικρὸς ᾖ, τὴν ἴσην φιλοτιμίαν ἔχει τῷ μεγάλῳ, ἐκπώματα δʼ ἢ θυμιατήρια, ἂν μὲν ὑπερβάλλῃ τῷ πλήθει, πλούτου τινὰ δόξαν προσετρίψατο τοῖς κεκτημένοις, ἐὰν δʼ ἐπὶ μικροῖς τις σεμνύνηται, τοσοῦτʼ ἀπέχει τοῦ τιμῆς τινος διὰ ταῦτα τυχεῖν ὥστʼ ἀπειρόκαλος πρὸς ἔδοξεν εἶναι. οὗτος τοίνυν ἀνελὼν τὰ τῆς δόξης κτήματα τὰ τοῦ πλούτου πεποίηται μικρὰ καὶ οὐχ ὑμῶν ἄξια.
76. There is another thing that he did not understand, that the Athenian democracy, never eager to acquire riches, coveted glory more than any other possession in the world. Here is the proof: once they possessed greater wealth than any other Hellenic people, but they spent it all for love of honor; they laid their private fortunes under contribution, and recoiled from no peril for glory’s sake. Hence the People inherits possessions that will never die; on the one hand the memory of their achievements, on the other, the beauty of the memorials set up in their honor, yonder Propylaea, the Parthenon, the porticoes, the docks,—not a couple of jugs, or three or four bits of gold plate, weighing a pound apiece, which you, Androtion, will propose to melt down again, whenever the whim takes you.
76. καὶ οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνʼ εἶδεν, ὅτι πρὸς μὲν χρημάτων κτῆσιν οὐδεπώποθʼ ὁ δῆμος ἐσπούδασεν, πρὸς δὲ δόξης ὡς οὐδὲ πρὸς ἓν τῶν ἄλλων. τεκμήριον δέ· χρήματα μὲν γὰρ πλεῖστα τῶν Ἑλλήνων ποτὲ σχὼν ἅπανθʼ ὑπὲρ φιλοτιμίας ἀνήλωσεν, εἰσφέρων δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ὑπὲρ δόξης ἐξέστη. ἀφʼ ὧν κτήματʼ ἀθάνατʼ αὐτῷ περίεστιν, τὰ μὲν τῶν ἔργων ἡ μνήμη, τὰ δὲ τῶν ἀναθημάτων τῶν ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις σταθέντων τὸ κάλλος, προπύλαια ταῦτα, ὁ παρθενών, στοαί, νεώσοικοι, οὐκ ἀμφορίσκοι δύο οὐδὲ χρυσίδες τέτταρες ἢ τρεῖς, ἄγουσʼ ἑκάστη μνᾶν, ἅς, ὅταν σοι δοκῇ, σὺ πάλιν γράψεις καταχωνεύειν.
77. To dedicate those buildings they did not tithe themselves, nor fulfil the imprecations of their enemies by doubling the income-tax, nor was their policy ever guided by such advisers as you. No; they conquered their enemies, they fulfilled the prayers of every sound-hearted man by establishing concord throughout the city; and so they have bequeathed to us their imperishable glory, and excluded from the market-place men whose habits of life were what yours have always been.
77. οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς δεκατεύοντες, οὐδʼ ἃν καταράσαινθʼ οἱ ἐχθροὶ ποιοῦντες, διπλᾶς πράττοντες τὰς εἰσφοράς, ταῦτʼ ἀνέθεσαν, οὐδʼ οἵοισπερ σὺ χρώμενοι συμβούλοις ἐπολιτεύοντο, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς κρατοῦντες, καὶ ἃ πᾶς τις ἂν εὖ φρονῶν εὔξαιτο, τὴν πόλιν εἰς ὁμόνοιαν ἄγοντες, ἀθάνατον κλέος αὑτῶν λελοίπασι, τοὺς ἐπιτηδεύοντας οἷα σοὶ βεβίωται τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἴργοντες.
78. But you, men of Athens, have grown so extremely good-natured and pliable, that, with those examples ever before you, you do not imitate them, and Androtion is the repairer of your processional plate. Androtion! Gracious Heavens! Do you think impiety could go further than that? I hold that the man who is to enter the sacred places, to lay hands on the vessels of lustration and the sacrificial baskets, and to become the director of divine worship, ought not to be pure for a prescribed number of days only; his whole life should have been kept pure of the habits that have polluted the life of Androtion.
78. ὑμεῖς δʼ εἰς τοῦτʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, προῆχθʼ εὐηθείας καὶ ῥᾳθυμίας ὥστʼ οὐδὲ τοιαῦτʼ ἔχοντες παραδείγματα ταῦτα μιμεῖσθε, ἀλλʼ Ἀνδροτίων ὑμῖν πομπείων ἐπισκευαστής, Ἀνδροτίων, ὦ γῆ καὶ θεοί. καὶ τοῦτʼ ἀσέβημʼ ἔλαττον τίνος ἡγεῖσθε; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οἴομαι δεῖν τὸν εἰς ἱέρʼ εἰσιόντα καὶ χερνίβων καὶ κανῶν ἁψόμενον, καὶ τῆς πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ἐπιμελείας προστάτην ἐσόμενον οὐχὶ προειρημένον ἡμερῶν ἀριθμὸν ἁγνεύειν, ἀλλὰ τὸν βίον ἡγνευκέναι τοιούτων ἐπιτηδευμάτων οἷα τούτῳ βεβίωται.