1. Since Eubulides has brought many false charges against me, and has uttered slanders which are neither becoming nor just, I shall try, men of the jury, to prove by a true and fair statement that I am entitled to citizenship, and that I have been unworthily treated by this fellow. I beg you all, men of the jury, and implore and beseech you, that in view of the great importance of the present trial and the shame and ruin which conviction entails, you will hear me, as you have heard my opponent, in silence; indeed that you will listen to me with greater goodwill, if possible, than you have listened to him (for it is reasonable to suppose that you are more favorably disposed to those who stand in peril), but, if this cannot be, at least with equal goodwill.
1. πολλὰ καὶ ψευδῆ κατηγορηκότος ἡμῶν Εὐβουλίδου, καὶ βλασφημίας οὔτε προσηκούσας οὔτε δικαίας πεποιημένου, πειράσομαι τἀληθῆ καὶ τὰ δίκαια λέγων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δεῖξαι καὶ μετὸν τῆς πόλεως ἡμῖν καὶ πεπονθότʼ ἐμαυτὸν οὐχὶ προσήκονθʼ ὑπὸ τούτου. δέομαι δʼ ἁπάντων ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἱκετεύω καὶ ἀντιβολῶ, λογισαμένους τό τε μέγεθος τοῦ παρόντος ἀγῶνος καὶ τὴν αἰσχύνην μεθʼ ἧς ὑπάρχει τοῖς ἁλισκομένοις ἀπολωλέναι, ἀκοῦσαι καὶ ἐμοῦ σιωπῇ, μάλιστα μέν, εἰ δυνατόν, μετὰ πλείονος εὐνοίας ἢ τούτου (τοῖς γὰρ ἐν κινδύνῳ καθεστηκόσιν εἰκὸς εὐνοϊκωτέρους ὑπάρχειν), εἰ δὲ μή, μετά γε τῆς ἴσης. συμβαίνει δέ μοι τὸ μὲν καθʼ ἡμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τὸ προσήκειν μοι τῆς πόλεως, θαρρεῖν καὶ πολλὰς ἔχειν ἐλπίδας καλῶς ἀγωνιεῖσθαι, τὸν καιρὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ παρωξύνθαι τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὰς ἀποψηφίσεις φοβεῖσθαι·
2. But it so happens, men of the jury, that, although I am of good cheer so far as you are concerned and my right to citizenship and have good hopes of coming through this trial well, yet the occasion alarms me and the temper shown by the state when it has to deal with cases of disfranchisement; for while many have with justice been expelled from all the demes, we who have been the victims of political rivalry are involved in the prejudice felt toward them and have to combat the charge brought against them, and not merely defend each his own case; so that our alarm is necessarily great.
2. πολλῶν γὰρ ἐξεληλαμένων δικαίως ἐκ πάντων τῶν δήμων, συγκεκοινωνήκαμεν τῆς δόξης ταύτης οἱ κατεστασιασμένοι, καὶ πρὸς τὴν κατʼ ἐκείνων αἰτίαν, οὐ πρὸς τὸ καθʼ αὑτὸν ἕκαστος ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὥστʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης μέγαν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὸν φόβον.
3. Nevertheless, despite these disadvantages, I shall at once tell you what I hold to be right and just about these very matters. In my opinion it is your duty to treat with severity those who are proved to be aliens, who without having either won your consent or asked for it, have by stealth and violence come to participate in your religious rites and your common privileges, but to bring help and deliverance to those who have met with misfortune and can prove that they are citizens; for you should consider how pitiful above all others would be the plight of us whose rights have been denied, if, when we might properly sit with you as those exacting the penalty, we should be numbered with those who pay it, and should unjustly be condemned along with them because of the passion which the subject arouses.
3. οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καίπερ τούτων οὕτως ἐχόντων, ἃ νομίζω περὶ τούτων αὐτῶν πρῶτον εἶναι δίκαια, ἐρῶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς. ἐγὼ γὰρ οἴομαι δεῖν ὑμᾶς τοῖς μὲν ἐξελεγχομένοις ξένοις οὖσιν χαλεπαίνειν, εἰ μήτε πείσαντες μήτε δεηθέντες ὑμῶν λάθρᾳ καὶ βίᾳ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱερῶν καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον, τοῖς δʼ ἠτυχηκόσι καὶ δεικνύουσι πολίτας ὄντας αὑτοὺς βοηθεῖν καὶ σῴζειν, ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι πάντων οἰκτρότατον πάθος ἡμῖν ἂν συμβαίη τοῖς ἠδικημένοις, εἰ τῶν λαμβανόντων δίκην ὄντες ἂν δικαίως μεθʼ ὑμῶν, ἐν τοῖς διδοῦσι γενοίμεθα καὶ συναδικηθείημεν διὰ τὴν τοῦ πράγματος ὀργήν.
4. I should have thought, men of the jury, that it was fitting for Eubulides, and for all those who are now making accusations in cases of disfranchisement, to state only things of which they have accurate knowledge and to bring forward no hearsay evidence in a trial of this sort. Such a procedure has from time immemorial been recognized as so clearly unjust that the laws do not admit the production of hearsay testimony even in the case of the most trifling charges; and with good reason; for when persons who claim to have sure knowledge have ere now been convicted of falsehood, how can it be right to give credence in matters regarding which even the speaker himself has no knowledge?
4. ᾤμην μὲν οὖν ἔγωγʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκειν Εὐβουλίδῃ, καὶ πᾶσιν δʼ ὅσοι νῦν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀποψηφίσεσιν κατηγοροῦσιν, ὅσʼ ἴσασιν ἀκριβῶς λέγειν καὶ μηδεμίαν προσάγειν ἀκοὴν πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον ἀγῶνα. οὕτω γὰρ τοῦτʼ ἄδικον καὶ σφόδρα πάλαι κέκριται, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ μαρτυρεῖν ἀκοὴν ἐῶσιν οἱ νόμοι, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τοῖς πάνυ φαύλοις ἐγκλήμασιν, εἰκότως· ὅπου γὰρ εἰδέναι τινὲς ἤδη φήσαντες ψευδεῖς ἐφάνησαν, πῶς ἅ γε μηδʼ αὐτὸς οἶδεν ὁ λέγων, προσήκει πιστεύεσθαι;
5. And when it is not permitted a man, even when he makes himself responsible, to harm another by evidence which he declares he has heard, how can it be right for you to give credence to one who speaks without responsibility? Since, then, this fellow, who knows the laws, and knows them all too well, has made his charges with injustice and with a view to selfish advantage, I must first tell you of the outrageous treatment which I received among my fellow-demesmen.
5. ἀλλὰ μὴν ὅπου γε μηδʼ ὑπεύθυνον καθιστάνθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἔξεστιν, διʼ ὧν ἂν ἀκοῦσαι τις φῇ, βλάπτειν μηδένα, πῶς ἀνυπευθύνῳ γε λέγοντι προσήκει πιστεύειν ὑμᾶς; ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν οὗτος εἰδὼς τοὺς νόμους καὶ μᾶλλον ἢ προσῆκεν, ἀδίκως καὶ πλεονεκτικῶς τὴν κατηγορίαν πεποίηται, ἀναγκαῖον ἐμοὶ περὶ ὧν ἐν τοῖς δημόταις ὑβρίσθην πρῶτον εἰπεῖν.
6. I beg of you, men of Athens, not until I have been heard, to take my rejection by the demesmen as a proof that I am not entitled to citizenship, for if you thought that the demesmen would be able to decide all cases with perfect justice, you would not have allowed the appeal to yourselves. As it is, however, because you thought that something of this sort might occur through rivalry and malice and enmity or through some other pretexts, you made your court a place of refuge for those who have been wronged, and through this right action on your part, men of Athens, you have saved all those who have suffered wrong.
6. ἀξιῶ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μηδέπω τὴν τῶν δημοτῶν ἀποψήφισιν ποιεῖσθαι τεκμήριον ὑμᾶς, ὡς ἄρʼ οὐχὶ προσήκει μοι τῆς πόλεως. εἰ γὰρ πάντʼ ἐνομίζετε τὰ δίκαια δυνήσεσθαι τοὺς δημότας διακρῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐδώκατε τὴν εἰς ὑμᾶς ἔφεσιν· νῦν δὲ καὶ διὰ φιλονικίαν καὶ διὰ φθόνον καὶ διʼ ἔχθραν καὶ διʼ ἄλλας προφάσεις ἔσεσθαί τι τοιοῦτον ἡγούμενοι, τὴν εἰς ὑμᾶς τοῖς ἀδικηθεῖσιν ἐποιήσατε καταφυγήν, διʼ ἣν καλῶς ποιοῦντες, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοὺς ἠδικημένους ἅπαντας σεσῴκατε.
7. First, then, I will explain to you how the purging of the list came to be made at the meeting of the demesmen; for I think it is relevant to the case before you if one shows all the wrongs that one has suffered contrary to your decree, when overwhelmed by political rivalry.
7. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ὃν τρόπον ἐν τοῖς δημόταις συνέβη τὴν διαψήφισιν γενέσθαι, φράσω πρὸς ὑμᾶς· τὸ γὰρ εἰς αὐτὸ τὸ πρᾶγμα πάντα λέγειν τοῦτʼ ἐγὼ ὑπολαμβάνω, ὅσα τις παρὰ τὸ ψήφισμα πέπονθεν ἀδίκως καταστασιασθείς, ἐπιδεῖξαι.
8. This man Eubulides, men of Athens, as many of you know, indicted the sister of Lacedaemonius for impiety, but did not receive a fifth part of the votes. It is because in that trial I gave testimony that was true but unfavorable to him that he hates me and makes me the object of his attacks. Being a member of the senate, men of the jury, with power to administer the oath and being custodian of the documents on the basis of which he convened the demesmen, what does he do?
8. Εὐβουλίδης γὰρ οὑτοσί, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὡς ὑμῶν ἴσασι πολλοί, γραψάμενος ἀσεβείας τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν Λακεδαιμονίου τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων οὐ μετέλαβεν. ὅτι δὴ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι τὰ δίκαια, τούτῳ δὲ τἀναντίʼ ἐμαρτύρησα, διὰ ταύτην τὴν ἔχθραν ἐπιτίθεταί μοι. καὶ βουλεύων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ κύριος ὢν τοῦ θʼ ὅρκου καὶ τῶν γραμμάτων ἐξ ὧν ἀνεκάλει τοὺς δημότας, τί ποιεῖ;
9. In the first place, after the demesmen had assembled, he wasted the whole day in making speeches and in drawing up resolutions. This was not done by accident, but was a part of his plot against me, in order that the vote regarding me might take place as late in the day as possible; and he accomplished this end. Those of us members of the deme who took the oath numbered seventy-three, and we began voting late in the evening, with the result that, when my name was called, it was already dark;
9. πρῶτον μέν, ἐπειδὴ συνελέγησαν οἱ δημόται, κατέτριψεν τὴν ἡμέραν δημηγορῶν καὶ ψηφίσματα γράφων. τοῦτο δʼ ἦν οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου, ἀλλʼ ἐπιβουλεύων ἐμοί, ὅπως ὡς ὀψιαίταθʼ ἡ διαψήφισις ἡ περὶ ἐμοῦ γένοιτο· καὶ διεπράξατο τοῦτο. καὶ τῶν μὲν δημοτῶν οἱ ὀμόσαντες ἐγενόμεθα τρεῖς καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα, ἠρξάμεθα δὲ τοῦ διαψηφίζεσθαι δείλης ὀψίας, ὥστε συνέβη, ἡνίκα τοὐμὸν ὄνομʼ ἐκαλεῖτο, σκότος εἶναι ἤδη·
10. for my name was about the sixtieth, and I was the last of all those called on that day, when the older members of the deme had gone back to their farms. For since our deme is distant thirty-five stades from the city and most of the demesmen live there, the majority of them had gone home; those who remained were not more than thirty in number; among them, however, were all those suborned by Eubulides.
10. καὶ γὰρ ἦν περὶ ἑξηκοστόν, καὶ ἐκλήθην ὕστατος ἁπάντων τῶν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κληθέντων, ἡνίχʼ οἱ μὲν πρεσβύτεροι τῶν δημοτῶν ἀπεληλύθεσαν εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς· τοῦ γὰρ δήμου ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα στάδια τοῦ ἄστεως ἀπέχοντος καὶ τῶν πλείστων ἐκεῖ οἰκούντων, ἀπεληλύθεσαν οἱ πολλοί· οἱ δὲ κατάλοιποι ἦσαν οὐ πλείους ἢ τριάκοντα. ἐν δὲ τούτοις ἦσαν ἅπαντες οἱ τούτῳ παρεσκευασμένοι.
11. When my name was called, the fellow jumped up and immediately began to vilify me, speaking at great length and with a loud voice, as he did just now. He produced no witnesses in support of his charges, either a member of the deme or one of the citizens at large, but urged the demesmen to pass a vote of expulsion.
11. ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἐκλήθη τοὐμὸν ὄνομα, ἀναπηδήσας οὗτος ἐβλασφήμει κατʼ ἐμοῦ ταχὺ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ, ὥσπερ καὶ νῦν, μάρτυρα μὲν ὧν κατηγόρησεν οὐδένα παρασχόμενος οὔτε τῶν δημοτῶν οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν, παρεκελεύετο δὲ τοῖς δημόταις ἀποψηφίζεσθαι.
12. I demanded that the vote be put off until the following day on account of the lateness of the hour and because I had no one present to speak in my behalf, and because the thing had come upon me so suddenly, and also that Eubulides might have the opportunity of making any charges that he pleased, and of producing any witnesses he might have, while I on my part might be able to defend myself before all my fellow-demesmen and to produce my relatives as witnesses; and I agreed to abide by whatever decision they might reach concerning me.
12. ἀξιοῦντος δέ μου ἀναβαλέσθαι εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν διά τε τὴν ὥραν καὶ τὸ μηδένα μοι παρεῖναι τό τε πρᾶγμʼ ἄφνω προσπεπτωκέναι, ἵνα τούτῳ τʼ ἐξουσία γένοιθʼ ὁπόσα βούλοιτο κατηγορῆσαι καὶ μάρτυρας εἴ τινας ἔχοι παρασχέσθαι, ἐμοί τʼ ἐκγένοιτʼ ἀπολογήσασθαι ἐν ἅπασι τοῖς δημόταις καὶ τοὺς οἰκείους μάρτυρας παρασχέσθαι· καὶ ὅ τι γνοίησαν περὶ ἐμοῦ, τούτοις ἤθελον ἐμμένειν·
13. The fellow, however, paid no heed at all to my proposals, but proceeded at once to give ballots to the members of the deme who were present, without allowing me to make any defence or himself giving any convincing proof of his charges. Those who were in league with him then jumped up and gave their votes. It was dark, and they received from him two or three ballots apiece, and put them in the box. Here is a proof of this. Those who voted were not more than thirty in number, but the ballots, when counted, were more than sixty; so that we were all astounded.
13. οὗτος ὧν μὲν ἐγὼ προὐκαλούμην οὐδὲν ἐφρόντισεν, τὴν δὲ ψῆφον εὐθὺς ἐδίδου τοῖς παροῦσι τῶν δημοτῶν, οὔτʼ ἀπολογίαν οὐδεμίαν ἐμοὶ δοὺς οὔτʼ ἔλεγχον οὐδένʼ ἀκριβῆ ποιήσας. οἱ δὲ τούτῳ συνεστῶτες ἀναπηδήσαντες ἐψηφίζοντο. καὶ ἦν μὲν σκότος, οἱ δὲ λαμβάνοντες δύο καὶ τρεῖς ψήφους ἕκαστος παρὰ τούτου ἐνέβαλλον εἰς τὸν καδίσκον. σημεῖον δέ· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ψηφισάμενοι οὐ πλείους ἢ τριάκοντʼ ἦσαν, αἱ δὲ ψῆφοι ἠριθμήθησαν πλείους ἢ ἑξήκοντα, ὥστε πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐκπλαγῆναι.
14. To prove that I am stating the truth in this—that the ballots were not given out when all were present and that the ballots outnumbered those who voted—I will bring before you witnesses. It happens that I have at hand no friend of my own or any other Athenian to be my witness regarding these facts since the hour was so late and I had not asked anyone to be present, but I am forced to call as witnesses the very men who have wronged me. I have thereore put in writing for them statements which they will not be able to deny. (To the clerk.) Read. The Deposition Now, men of the jury, if the Halimusians had been deciding on that day the status of all the members of the deme, it would have been reasonable for them to continue voting until late, in order that they might have fulfilled the requirements of your decree before departing to their homes.
14. καὶ ταῦθʼ ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ ὅτι οὔτʼ ἐδόθη ἡ ψῆφος ἐν ἅπασιν πλείους τʼ ἐγένοντο τῶν ψηφισαμένων, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι. συμβαίνει δέ μοι περὶ τούτων τῶν μὲν φίλων ἢ τῶν ἄλλων Ἀθηναίων μηδένα μάρτυρα παρεῖναι διά τε τὴν ὥραν καὶ διὰ τὸ μηδένα παρακαλέσαι, αὐτοῖς δὲ τοῖς ἠδικηκόσιν με χρῆσθαι μάρτυσιν. ἃ οὖν οὐ δυνήσονται ἔξαρνοι γενέσθαι, ταῦτα γέγραφʼ αὐτοῖς. λέγε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ.
15. But, seeing that there were more than twenty of the demesmen left regarding whom they had to vote on the following day, and that the members of the deme had in any case to be convened again, what difficulty was there for Eubulides to order an adjournment until the morrow, and then let the demesmen vote upon my case first?
15. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, συνέβαινεν τοῖς Ἁλιμουσίοις περὶ ἁπάντων τῶν δημοτῶν διαψηφίσασθαι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, εἰκὸς ἦν καὶ εἰς ὀψὲ ψηφίζεσθαι, ἵνʼ ἀπηλλαγμένοι ἦσαν ποιήσαντες τὰ ὑμῖν ἐψηφισμένα. εἰ δὲ πλείους ἢ εἴκοσιν ὑπόλοιποι ἦσαν τῶν δημοτῶν, περὶ ὧν ἔδει τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ διαψηφίσασθαι, καὶ ὁμοίως ἦν ἀνάγκη συλλέγεσθαι τοὺς δημότας, τί ποτʼ ἦν τὸ δυσχερὲς Εὐβουλίδῃ ἀναβαλέσθαι εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν καὶ περὶ ἐμοῦ πρώτου τὴν ψῆφον διδόναι τοῖς δημόταις;
16. The reason was, men of the jury, that Eubulides knew very well that, if an opportunity of speaking should be granted me and if all the men of the deme should be present to support me and the ballots honestly given out, those who had leagued themselves with him would be nowhere! How these people came to form their conspiracy against me I will tell you, if you wish to hear it, as soon as I shall have spoken about my parentage.
16. διότι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐκ ἠγνόει Εὐβουλίδης ὅτι, εἰ λόγος ἀποδοθήσοιτο καὶ παραγένοιντό μοι πάντες οἱ δημόται καὶ ἡ ψῆφος δικαίως δοθείη, οὐδαμοῦ γενήσονται οἱ μετὰ τούτου συνεστηκότες. ὅθεν δʼ οὗτοι συνέστησαν, ταῦτα, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότε, ἂν βούλησθʼ ἀκούειν, ἐρῶ.
17. In the meantime what do I hold to be just, and what am I prepared to do, men of the jury? To show you that I am an Athenian on both my father’s and my mother’s side, and to produce to prove it witnesses whose veracity you will not question, and to break down the calumnies and the charges brought against me. It will rest with you, when you have heard my statements, if you conclude that I am a citizen and the victim of a conspiracy, to come to my rescue; but if you reach a different conclusion, to act in whatever way your regard for your oaths may bid you. I will begin with this proof.
17. νῦν δὲ τί δίκαιον νομίζω καὶ τί παρεσκεύασμαι ποιεῖν, ἄνδρες δικασταί; δεῖξαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐμαυτὸν Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς μητρός, καὶ μάρτυρας τούτων, οὓς ὑμεῖς ἀληθεῖς φήσετʼ εἶναι, παρασχέσθαι, τὰς δὲ λοιδορίας καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ἀνελεῖν· ὑμᾶς δʼ ἀκούσαντας τούτων, ἐὰν μὲν ὑμῖν πολίτης ὢν κατεστασιάσθαι δοκῶ, σῴζειν, εἰ δὲ μή, πράττειν ὁποῖον ἄν τι ὑμῖν εὐσεβὲς εἶναι δοκῇ. ἄρξομαι δʼ ἐντεῦθεν.
18. They have maliciously asserted that my father spoke with a foreign accent. But that he was taken prisoner by the enemy in the course of the Decelean war and was sold into slavery and taken to Leucas, and that he there fell in with Cleander, the actor, and was brought back here to his kinsfolk after a long lapse of time—all this they have omitted to state; but just as though it were right that I should be brought to ruin on account of his misfortunes, they have made his foreign accent the basis of a charge against him.
18. διαβεβλήκασι γάρ μου τὸν πατέρα, ὡς ἐξένιζεν· καὶ ὅτι μὲν ἁλοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ὑπὸ τὸν Δεκελεικὸν πόλεμον καὶ πραθεὶς εἰς Λευκάδα, Κλεάνδρῳ περιτυχὼν τῷ ὑποκριτῇ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους ἐσώθη δεῦρο πολλοστῷ χρόνῳ, παραλελοίπασιν, ὥσπερ δὲ δέον ἡμᾶς διʼ ἐκείνας τὰς ἀτυχίας ἀπολέσθαι, τὸ ξενίζειν αὐτοῦ κατηγορήκασιν.
19. On my part, however, I think that these very facts will more than anything else help me to demonstrate that I am an Athenian. In the first place, to prove that my father was taken prisoner and was ransomed, I will bring witnesses before you; then, that when he reached home he received from his uncles his share of the property; and furthermore, that neither among the members of the deme nor among those of the clan nor anywhere else did anyone ever accuse him (despite his foreign accent) with being a foreigner. (To the clerk.) Please take the depositions. The Depositions You have heard, then, of my father’s being taken prisoner by the enemy and of the good fortune which brought him back here.
19. ἐγὼ δʼ ἐξ αὐτῶν τούτων μάλιστʼ οἶμαι ὑμῖν ἐμαυτὸν Ἀθηναῖον ὄντʼ ἐπιδείξειν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ὡς ἑάλω καὶ ἐσώθη, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι, ἔπειθʼ ὅτι ἀφικόμενος τῆς οὐσίας παρὰ τῶν θείων τὸ μέρος μετέλαβεν, εἶθʼ ὅτι οὔτʼ ἐν τοῖς δημόταις οὔτʼ ἐν τοῖς φράτερσιν οὔτʼ ἄλλοθι οὐδαμοῦ τὸν ξενίζοντʼ οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ ᾐτιάσαθʼ ὡς εἴη ξένος. καί μοι λαβὲ τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
20. To prove now that he was your fellow-citizen, men of the jury (for this you may depend upon as being the veritable truth), I will call as witnesses those of my relatives on my father’s side who are still living. (To the clerk.) Call first, please, Thucritides and Charisiades; for their father Charisius was brother to my grandfather Thucritides and my grandmother Lysaretê, and uncle to my father (for my father had married his sister born of a different mother).
20. περὶ μὲν τῆς ἁλώσεως καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας, ἣν συνέβη γενέσθαι τῷ πατρὶ δεῦρο, ἀκηκόατε. ὡς δʼ ὑμέτερος ἦν πολίτης, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί (τὸ γὰρ ὂν καὶ ἀληθὲς οὕτως ὑπάρχει), μάρτυρας καλῶ τοὺς ζῶντας ὑμῖν τῶν συγγενῶν τῶν πρὸς πατρός. κάλει δή μοι πρῶτον μὲν Θουκριτίδην καὶ Χαρισιάδην· ὁ γὰρ τούτων πατὴρ Χαρίσιος ἀδελφὸς ἦν τοῦ πάππου τοῦ ἐμοῦ Θουκριτίδου καὶ Λυσαρέτης τῆς ἐμῆς τήθης (ἀδελφὴν γὰρ ὁ πάππος οὑμὸς ἔγημεν οὐχ ὁμομητρίαν), θεῖος δὲ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμοῦ·
21. Next, call Niciades; for his father Lysanias was brother to Thucritides and Lysaretê, and uncle to my father. After him, call Nicostratus; for his father Niciades was nephew to my grandfather and my grandmother, and cousin to my father. (To the clerk.) Call all these persons, please. And do you check the water. The Witnesses You have heard, men of Athens, the relatives of my father on the male side both deposing and swearing that my father was an Athenian and their own kinsman.
21. ἔπειτα Νικιάδην· καὶ γὰρ ὁ τούτου πατὴρ Λυσανίας ἀδελφὸς ἦν τοῦ Θουκριτίδου καὶ τῆς Λυσαρέτης, θεῖος δὲ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμοῦ· ἔπειτα Νικόστρατον· καὶ γὰρ ὁ τούτου πατὴρ Νικιάδης ἀδελφιδοῦς ἦν τῷ πάππῳ τῷ ἐμῷ καὶ τῇ τήθῃ, ἀνεψιὸς δὲ τῷ πατρί. καί μοι κάλει τούτους πάντας. σὺ δʼ ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕδωρ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ.
22. And surely not one of them would commit perjury with imprecations on his own head in the presence of those who would know that he was forswearing himself. (To the clerk.) Now take also the depositions of those related to my father on the female side. The Depositions These persons, then, the surviving relatives of my father, on both the male and the female side, have testified that he was on both sides an Athenian and justly entitled to the rights of citizenship.
22. τῶν μὲν τοίνυν πρὸς ἀνδρῶν τῷ πατρὶ συγγενῶν ἀκηκόατʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ μαρτυρούντων καὶ διομνυμένων ⟨Ἀθηναῖον⟩ εἶναι καὶ συγγενῆ τὸν ἐμὸν πατέρʼ αὑτοῖς· ὧν οὐδεὶς δήπου, παραστησάμενος τοὺς συνεισομένους αὑτῷ τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυροῦντι, κατʼ ἐξωλείας ἐπιορκεῖ. λαβὲ δὴ καὶ τὰς τῶν πρὸς γυναικῶν τῷ πατρὶ συγγενῶν μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
23. (To the clerk.) Now call, please, the clansmen and thereafter the members of the gens. The Witnesses Now take the depositions of the demesmen and the members of the gens in regard to the clansmen, to show that they elected me president of the clan. The Depositions You have heard, then, the testimony given by my relatives and fellow-clansmen and by the members of the deme and of the gens, who are the proper persons to be called upon to testify.
23. οἱ μὲν τοίνυν ζῶντες οὗτοι τῶν συγγενῶν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ πρὸς ἀνδρῶν καὶ πρὸς γυναικῶν μεμαρτυρήκασιν, ὡς ἦν ἀμφοτέρωθεν Ἀθηναῖος καὶ μετῆν τῆς πόλεως αὐτῷ δικαίως. κάλει δή μοι καὶ τοὺς φράτερας, ἔπειτα τοὺς γεννήτας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ. λαβὲ δὴ καὶ τὰς τῶν δημοτῶν μαρτυρίας, καὶ τὰς τῶν συγγενῶν περὶ τῶν φρατέρων, ὡς εἵλοντό με φρατρίαρχον. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
24. And from this you may learn whether a man who has this support is a citizen or an alien. If we were seeking protection in the testimony of one or two people only, we might be open to the suspicion that we had suborned them; but if it appears that my father in his lifetime and I myself at present have been put to the test before all the groups to which each one of you belongs (I mean those of clan, of kindred, of the deme, and of the gens), how can it be, how can it possibly be, that all these persons have been suborned to appear, they not being in truth relatives of mine?
24. τὰ μὲν τοίνυν ὑπὸ τῶν συγγενῶν καὶ φρατέρων καὶ δημοτῶν καὶ γεννητῶν, ὧν προσήκει, μαρτυρούμενʼ ἀκηκόατε. ἐξ ὧν ἔστιν ὑμῖν εἰδέναι, πότερόν ποτʼ ἀστὸς ἢ ξένος ἦν ᾧ ταῦθʼ ὑπῆρχεν. καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν εἰς ἕνʼ ἢ δύʼ ἀνθρώπους κατεφεύγομεν, εἴχομεν ἄν τινʼ ὑποψίαν παρεσκευάσθαι τούτους· εἰ δʼ ἐν ἅπασιν, ὅσοισπερ ἕκαστος ὑμῶν, ἐξητασμένος φαίνεται καὶ ζῶν ὁ πατὴρ καὶ νῦν ἐγώ, λέγω φράτερσι, συγγενέσι, δημόταις, γεννήταις, πῶς ἔνεστιν ἢ πῶς δυνατὸν τούτους ἅπαντας μὴ μετʼ ἀληθείας ὑπάρχοντας κατεσκευάσθαι;
25. If it were shown that my father was a man of wealth and had given money to these people to persuade them to assert that they were his relatives, it would have been reasonable for anyone to suspect that he was not a citizen; but if, poor as he was, he both produced these same people as his relatives and proved that they had shared their property with him, is it not perfectly clear that he was indeed related to them? For surely, if he was related to no one of them, they would not have admitted him to a place in the gens and have given him money besides. No; he was related to them, as the facts have shown, and as witnesses have testified to you. And furthermore, he was chosen to offices by lot, and he passed the probationary test, and held office. (To the clerk.) Take the deposition, please. The Deposition Now does any one of you imagine that the demesmen would have suffered the alien and non-citizen to hold office among them, and would not have prosecuted him?
25. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν εὔπορος ὢν ὁ πατὴρ χρήματα δοὺς τούτοις ἐφαίνετο πείσας συγγενεῖς αὐτοὺς ἑαυτοῦ φάσκειν εἶναι, λόγον εἶχεν ἂν ὑποψίαν τινʼ ἔχειν ὡς οὐκ ἦν ἀστός· εἰ δὲ πένης ὢν ἅμα συγγενεῖς τε παρέσχετο τοὺς αὐτοὺς καὶ μεταδιδόντας τῶν ὄντων ἐπεδείκνυε, πῶς οὐκ εὔδηλον ὅτι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ προσῆκε τούτοις; οὐ γὰρ ἂν δήπου, εἴ γε μηδενὶ ἦν οἰκεῖος, χρήματʼ αὐτῷ προστιθέντες οὗτοι τοῦ γένους μετεδίδοσαν. ἀλλʼ ἦν, ὡς τό τʼ ἔργον ἐδήλωσεν καὶ ὑμῖν μεμαρτύρηται. ἔτι τοίνυν ἀρχὰς ἔλαχεν καὶ ἦρξεν δοκιμασθείς. καί μοι λαβὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ.
26. Well, not a single man prosecuted him, or brought any charge against him. More than that, the demesmen had of necessity to vote on one another, after binding themselves by solemn oaths, when their voting-register was lost during the administration as prefect of the deme of Antiphilus, the father of Eubulides, and they expelled some of their members; but not a man made any motion about my father or brought any such charges against him.
26. οἴεταί τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἐᾶσαί ποτʼ ἂν τοὺς δημότας ἐκεῖνον τὸν ξένον καὶ μὴ πολίτην ἄρχειν παρʼ αὑτοῖς, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν κατηγορεῖν; οὐ τοίνυν κατηγόρησεν οὐδὲ εἷς, οὐδʼ ᾐτιάσατο. ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ διαψηφίσεις ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐγένοντο τοῖς δημόταις ὀμόσασιν καθʼ ἱερῶν, ὅτʼ ἀπώλετʼ αὐτοῖς τὸ ληξιαρχικὸν γραμματεῖον δημαρχοῦντος Ἀντιφίλου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Εὐβουλίδου, καί τινας ἀπήλασαν αὑτῶν· περὶ ἐκείνου δʼ οὐδεὶς οὔτʼ εἶπεν οὔτʼ ᾐτιάσατο τοιοῦτον οὐδέν.
27. Yet for all men the end of life is death; and with whatsoever wrongdoings a man may be charged during his lifetime, it is right that for these his children should forever be held accountable; but in matters concerning which no man ever made accusation against him while he lived, is it not outrageous that anyone so wishing should bring his children to trial? If, now, there had been no inquiry into the question, let us grant that the matter has escaped notice; but if inquiry was made and the demesmen reviewed their lists, and no one ever made any accusation, ought I not justly to be regarded as an Athenian so far as my father is concerned, seeing that he died before any dispute regarding his lineage arose? To prove that these statements of mine are true, I will call witnesses who depose to these facts also. The Witnesses Furthermore, my father had four sons born of the same mother as myself, and when they died he buried them in our ancestral tomb, which belongs in common to all members of the gens; and no one of these kinsfolk ever made protest or prevented it or brought suit.
27. καίτοι πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις τέλος τοῦ βίου θάνατος, καὶ περὶ ὧν μὲν ἄν τις ζῶν αἰτίαν σχῇ, δίκαιον τοὺς παῖδας τὴν ἀειλογίαν παρέχειν· περὶ ὧν δʼ ἂν μηδεὶς αὐτὸν ζῶντα καταιτιάσηται, πῶς οὐ δεινὸν εἰ τοὺς παῖδας ὁ βουλόμενος κρινεῖ; εἰ μὲν τοίνυν περὶ τούτων μηδεὶς λόγος ἐξητάσθη, δῶμεν τοῦτο λεληθέναι· εἰ δʼ ἐδόθη καὶ διεψηφίσαντο καὶ μηδὲν ᾐτιάσατο πώποτε μηδείς, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ἂν ἐγὼ κατʼ ἐκεῖνον Ἀθηναῖος εἴην, τὸν τελευτήσαντα πρὶν ἀμφισβητηθῆναι τοῦ γένους αὐτῷ; ὡς δὴ ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, καλῶ καὶ τούτων μάρτυρας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ.
28. And yet, who is there who would have permitted persons having no connection with the family to be placed in the ancestral tomb? To prove that these statements of mine also are true,(to the clerk) take the deposition. The Deposition With regard to my father, then, these are the grounds for my assertion that he was an Athenian; and I have brought forward as witnesses persons whom my opponents themselves have voted to be citizens, and who depose that my father was their own cousin.
28. ἔτι τοίνυν παίδων αὐτῷ τεττάρων γενομένων ὁμομητρίων ἐμοὶ καὶ τελευτησάντων, ἔθαψε τούτους εἰς τὰ πατρῷα μνήματα, ὧν ὅσοιπέρ εἰσιν τοῦ γένους κοινωνοῦσιν· καὶ τούτων οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἀπεῖπεν πώποτε, οὐκ ἐκώλυσεν, οὐ δίκην ἔλαχεν. καίτοι τίς ἔστιν ὅστις ἂν εἰς τὰ πατρῷα μνήματα τοὺς μηδὲν ἐν γένει τιθέναι ἐάσαι; ὡς τοίνυν καὶ ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, λαβὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ.
29. It is shown that he lived such and such a number of years here in Attica and that he was never in any place brought under scrutiny as being an alien, but that he found a refuge with these persons as his relatives, and that they both received him and gave him a share of their property as being one of themselves.
29. περὶ μὲν τοίνυν τοῦ πατρός, ὡς Ἀθηναῖος ἦν, ταῦτʼ ἔχω λέγειν, καὶ μάρτυρας παρέσχημαι τοὺς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τούτων ἐψηφισμένους εἶναι πολίτας, μαρτυροῦντας ἐκεῖνον ἑαυτοῖς ἀνεψιὸν εἶναι. φαίνεται δὲ βιοὺς ἔτη τόσα καὶ τόσʼ ἐνθάδε, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ πώποθʼ ὡς ξένος ἐξετασθείς, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τούτους ὄντας συγγενεῖς καταφεύγων, οὗτοι δὲ καὶ προσδεχόμενοι καὶ τῆς οὐσίας μεταδιδόντες ὡς αὑτῶν ἑνί.
30. Again, it is shown that he was born in a period when, even if he was an Athenian on one side only, he was entitled to citizenship; for he was born before the archonship of Hucleides. With regard to my mother (for they make her too a reproach against me) I will speak, and will call witnesses to support my statements. And yet, men of Athens, in reproaching us with service in the market Eubulides has acted, not only contrary to your decree, but also contrary to the laws which declare that anyone who makes business in the market a reproach against any male or female citizen shall be liable to the penalties for evil-speaking.
30. τοῖς χρόνοις τοίνυν οὕτω φαίνεται γεγονὼς ὥστε, εἰ καὶ κατὰ θάτερʼ ἀστὸς ἦν, εἶναι πολίτην προσήκειν αὐτόν· γέγονε γὰρ πρὸ Εὐκλείδου. περὶ δὲ τῆς μητρὸς (καὶ γὰρ ταύτην διαβεβλήκασί μου) λέξω, καὶ μάρτυρας ὧν ἂν λέγω, καλῶ. καίτοι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐ μόνον παρὰ τὸ ψήφισμα τὰ περὶ τὴν ἀγορὰν διέβαλλεν ἡμᾶς Εὐβουλίδης, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους, οἳ κελεύουσιν ἔνοχον εἶναι τῇ κακηγορίᾳ τὸν τὴν ἐργασίαν τὴν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἢ τῶν πολιτῶν ἢ τῶν πολιτίδων ὀνειδίζοντά τινι.
31. We on our part acknowledge that we sell ribbons and do not live in the manner we could wish, and if in your eyes, Eubulides, this is a sign that we are not Athenians, I shall prove to you the very opposite—that it is not permitted to any alien to do business in the market. (To the clerk.) Take first the law of Solon and read it, please. The Law (To the clerk.)
31. ἡμεῖς δʼ ὁμολογοῦμεν καὶ ταινίας πωλεῖν καὶ ζῆν οὐχ ὅντινα τρόπον βουλόμεθα. καὶ εἴ σοί ἐστιν τοῦτο σημεῖον, ὦ Εὐβουλίδη, τοῦ μὴ Ἀθηναίους εἶναι [ἡμᾶς], ἐγώ σοι τούτου ὅλως τοὐναντίον ἐπιδείξω, ὅτι οὐκ ἔξεστιν ξένῳ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἐργάζεσθαι. καί μοι λαβὼν ἀνάγνωθι πρῶτον τὸν Σόλωνος νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ.
32. Now take also the law of Aristophon; for, men of Athens, Solon was thought to have enacted in this instance so wise and democratic a law that you voted to re-enact it. The Law It is fitting that you, then, acting in defence of the laws, should hold, not that those who ply a trade are aliens, but that those who bring malicious and baseless suits are scoundrels. For, Eubulides, there is another law too regarding idleness to which you, who denounce us who are traders, are amenable.
32. λαβὲ δὴ καὶ τὸν Ἀριστοφῶντος· οὕτω γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦτον ἔδοξεν ἐκεῖνος καλῶς καὶ δημοτικῶς νομοθετῆσαι, ὥστʼ ἐψηφίσασθε πάλιν ἀνανεώσασθαι. ΝΟΜΟΣ. προσήκει τοίνυν ὑμῖν βοηθοῦσι τοῖς νόμοις μὴ τοὺς ἐργαζομένους ξένους νομίζειν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς συκοφαντοῦντας πονηρούς. ἐπεί, ὦ Εὐβουλίδη, ἔστι καὶ ἕτερος περὶ τῆς ἀργίας νόμος, ᾧ αὐτὸς ἔνοχος ὢν ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἐργαζομένους διαβάλλεις.
33. But we are at the present time involved in a misfortune so great that, whereas it is permitted to this fellow to make slanderous statements which have nothing to do with the case, and to avail himself of every possible means to prevent my obtaining my rights in any particular, you will perhaps rebuke me, if I tell you what sort of a trade this man plies as he goes about the city; and you would do so with good reason, for what need is there for me to tell you what you know? But consider. It seems to me certainly that our carrying on a trade in the market-place is the strongest proof that this fellow is bringing against us charges which are false.
33. ἀλλὰ γὰρ τοσαύτη τις ἀτυχία ἐστὶν περὶ ἡμᾶς νῦν, ὥστε τούτῳ μὲν ἔξεστιν ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος βλασφημεῖν καὶ πάντα ποιεῖν, ὅπως μηδενὸς τῶν δικαίων ἐγὼ τύχω· ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐπιτιμήσετʼ ἴσως, ἐὰν λέγω ὃν τρόπον οὗτος ἐργάζεται περιιὼν ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ εἰκότως· ἃ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἴστε, τί δεῖ λέγειν; σκοπεῖτε δή· νομίζω γὰρ ἔγωγε τὸ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἡμᾶς ἐργάζεσθαι μέγιστον εἶναι σημεῖον τοῦ ψευδεῖς ἡμῖν αἰτίας τοῦτον ἐπιφέρειν. ἣν γάρ φησιν ταινιόπωλιν εἶναι καὶ φανερὰν πᾶσιν, προσῆκεν δήπουθεν εἰδότας αὐτὴν πολλοὺς ἥτις ἐστὶ μαρτυρεῖν, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκοήν, ἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν ξένη ἦν, τὰ τέλη ἐξετάσαντας τὰ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, εἰ ξενικὰ ἐτέλει, καὶ ποδαπὴ ἦν ἐπιδεικνύντας·
34. He asserts that my mother is a vendor of ribbons and that everybody has seen her. Well then, there ought to be many to testify from knowledge who she is, and not from hearsay only. If she was an alien, they ought to have examined the market-tolls, and have shown whether she paid the alien’s tax, and from what country she came; and if she were a slave, then the one who had bought her should by all means have come to give evidence against her, or the one who sold her, or in default of them, someone else to prove that she had lived as a slave or had been set free. But as it is, Eubulides has proved not one of these things; he has merely, in my opinion, indulged in every form of abuse. For this is what a blackmailer is; he makes all manner of charges, but proves nothing.
34. εἰ δὲ δούλη, μάλιστα μὲν τὸν πριάμενον, εἰ δὲ μή, τὸν ἀποδόμενον ἥκειν καταμαρτυροῦντα, εἰ δὲ μή, τῶν ἄλλων τινά, ἢ ὡς ἐδούλευσεν ἢ ὡς ἀφείθη ἐλευθέρα. νῦν δὲ τούτων μὲν ἀπέδειξεν οὐδέν, λελοιδόρηκεν δέ, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὔ. τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα, ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν.
35. He has said this too about my mother, that she served as a nurse. We, on our part, do not deny that this was the case in the time of the city’s misfortune, when all people were badly off; but in what manner and for what reasons she became a nurse I will tell you plainly. And let no one of you, men of Athens, be prejudiced against us because of this; for you will find today many Athenian women who are serving as nurses; I will mention them by name, if you wish. If we were rich we should not be selling ribbons nor be in want in any way. But what has this to do with our descent? Nothing whatever, in my opinion.
35. ἐπεὶ κἀκεῖνο περὶ τῆς μητρὸς εἴρηκεν, ὅτι ἐτίτθευσεν. ἡμεῖς δέ, ὅθʼ ἡ πόλις ἠτύχει καὶ πάντες κακῶς ἔπραττον, οὐκ ἀρνούμεθα τοῦτο γενέσθαι· ὃν δὲ τρόπον καὶ ὧν ἕνεκʼ ἐτίτθευσεν, ἐγὼ σαφῶς ὑμῖν ἐπιδείξω. μηδεὶς δʼ ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, δυσχερῶς ὑπολάβῃ· καὶ γὰρ νῦν ἀστὰς γυναῖκας πολλὰς εὑρήσετε τιτθευούσας, ἃς ὑμῖν καὶ κατʼ ὄνομα, ἐὰν βούλησθε, ἐροῦμεν. εἰ δέ γε πλούσιοι ἦμεν, οὔτʼ ἂν τὰς ταινίας ἐπωλοῦμεν οὔτʼ ἂν ὅλως ἦμεν ἄποροι. ἀλλὰ τί ταῦτα κοινωνεῖ τῷ γένει;
36. Pray, men of Athens, do not scorn the needy (their poverty is misfortune enough), and scorn still less those who choose to engage in trade and get their living by honest means. No; listen to my words, and if I prove to you that my mother’s relatives are such as free-born people ought to be; that they deny upon oath the calumnious charges which this man makes regarding her, and testify that they know her to be of civic birth—they on their part being witnesses whom you yourselves will acknowledge to be worthy of credence—, then, as you are bound to do, cast your votes in my favor.
36. ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδὲν οἶμαι. μηδαμῶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοὺς πένητας ἀτιμάζετε (ἱκανὸν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὸ πένεσθαι κακόν), μηδέ γε τοὺς ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ ζῆν ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου προαιρουμένους· ἀλλʼ ἀκούσαντες, ἐὰν ὑμῖν ἐπιδεικνύω τῆς μητρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους οἵους προσήκει εἶναι ἀνθρώποις ἐλευθέροις, ἃ καταιτιᾶται περὶ αὐτῆς, ταύτας τὰς διαβολὰς ἐξομνυμένους, καὶ μαρτυροῦντας αὐτὴν ἀστὴν οὖσαν εἰδέναι, οὓς ὑμεῖς φήσετε πιστοὺς εἶναι, δικαίαν ἡμῖν θέσθε τὴν ψῆφον.