1. The Phaselites, men of the jury, are up to no new tricks; they are merely doing what it is their wont to do. For they are the cleverest people at borrowing money on your exchange; but, as soon as they get it and have drawn up a maritime contract, they straightway forget the contract and the laws, and that they are under obligation to pay back what they have received.
1. οὐδὲν καινὸν διαπράττονται οἱ Φασηλῖται, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλʼ ἅπερ εἰώθασιν. οὗτοι γὰρ δεινότατοι μέν εἰσιν δανείσασθαι χρήματα ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ, ἐπειδὰν δὲ λάβωσιν καὶ συγγραφὴν συγγράψωνται ναυτικήν, εὐθὺς ἐπελάθοντο καὶ τῶν συγγραφῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων καὶ ὅτι δεῖ ἀποδοῦναι αὐτοὺς ἃ ἔλαβον, καὶ οἴονται, ἐὰν ἀποδῶσιν, ὥσπερ τῶν ἰδίων τι τῶν ἑαυτῶν ἀπολωλεκέναι, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀποδοῦναι σοφίσματα εὑρίσκουσιν καὶ παραγραφὰς καὶ προφάσεις, καὶ εἰσὶν πονηρότατοι ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀδικώτατοι.
2. They consider that, if they pay their debts, it is like having lost something of their own private property, and, instead of paying, they invent sophisms, and special pleas, and pretexts; and are the most unprincipled and dishonest of men. Here is a proof of this. Out of the hosts of people, both Greeks and barbarians, who frequent your exchange, the Phaselites alone have more lawsuits, whenever the courts sit, than all others put together. That is the sort of people they are. But I, men of the jury, lent money to Artemo, this fellow’s brother, in accordance with the commercial laws for a voyage to Pontus and back. As he died before having repaid me the money I have brought this suit against Lacritus here in accordance with the same laws under which I made the contract, since he is the brother of Artemo and has possession of all his property, both all that he left here and all that he had at Phaselis, and is the heir to his whole estate; and since he can show no law which gives him the right to hold his brother’s property and to have administered it as he pleased, and yet to refuse to pay back money which belongs to others and to say now that he is not the. heir, but has nothing to do with the dead man’s affairs.
2. τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου· πολλῶν γὰρ ἀφικνουμένων εἰς τὸ ὑμέτερον ἐμπόριον καὶ Ἑλλήνων καὶ βαρβάρων, πλείους δίκαι εἰσὶν ἑκάστοτε αὐτῶν τῶν Φασηλιτῶν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν· ἐγὼ δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, χρήματα δανείσας Ἀρτέμωνι τῷ τούτου ἀδελφῷ κατὰ τοὺς ἐμπορικοὺς νόμους, εἰς τὸν Πόντον καὶ πάλιν Ἀθήναζε, τελευτήσαντος ἐκείνου πρὶν ἀποδοῦναί μοι τὰ χρήματα, Λακρίτῳ τουτῳὶ εἴληχα τὴν δίκην ταύτην κατὰ τοὺς αὐτοὺς νόμους τούτους καθʼ οὕσπερ τὸ συμβόλαιον ἐποιησάμην, ἀδελφῷ ὄντι τούτῳ ἐκείνου καὶ ἔχοντι ἅπαντα τὰ Ἀρτέμωνος, καὶ ὅσα ἐνθάδε κατέλιπεν καὶ ὅσα ἦν αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ Φασήλιδι, καὶ κληρονόμῳ ὄντι τῶν ἐκείνου ἁπάντων, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἔχοντος τούτου δεῖξαι νόμον ὅστις αὐτῷ δίδωσιν ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν μὲν τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καὶ διῳκηκέναι ὅπως ἐδόκει αὐτῷ, μὴ ἀποδοῦναι δὲ τὰ ἀλλότρια χρήματα, ἀλλὰ λέγειν νῦν ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κληρονόμος, ἀλλʼ ἀφίσταται τῶν ἐκείνου.
5. Such is the rascality of this fellow, Lacritus; but I beg of you, men of the jury, to give me a favorable hearing in regard to this matter and, if I prove to you that he has wronged us, who lent the money, and you as well, to render us the aid that is our due.
5. ἡ μὲν τουτουὶ Λακρίτου πονηρία τοιαύτη ἐστίν· ἐγὼ δʼ ὑμῶν δέομαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εὐνοϊκῶς ἀκοῦσαί μου περὶ τοῦ πράγματος τουτουί· κἂν ἐξελέγξω αὐτὸν ἀδικοῦντα ἡμᾶς τε τοὺς δανείσαντας καὶ ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ἧττον, βοηθεῖτε ἡμῖν τὰ δίκαια.
6. I myself, men of the jury, had not the slightest acquaintance with these men; but Thrasymedes the son of Diophantus, that well-known Sphettian, and Melanopus, his brother, are friends of mine, and we are on the most intimate terms possible. These men came up to me with Lacritus here, whose acquaintance they had made in some way or other—how, I do not know,— and asked me to lend money to Artemo, this man’s brother, and to Apollodorus for a voyage to Pontus, that they might be engaged in a trading enterprise. Thrasymedes like myself knew nothing of the rascality of these people, but supposed them to be honorable men and such as they pretended and declared themselves to be; and that they would do all that they promised and that this fellow Lacritus undertook that they should do.
6. ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, αὐτὸς μὲν οὐδʼ ὁπωστιοῦν ἐγνώριζον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τούτους· Θρασυμήδης δʼ ὁ Διοφάντου υἱός, ἐκείνου τοῦ Σφηττίου, καὶ Μελάνωπος ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπιτήδειοί μοί εἰσιν, καὶ χρώμεθα ἀλλήλοις ὡς οἷόν τε μάλιστα. οὗτοι προσῆλθόν μοι μετὰ Λακρίτου τουτουί, ὁπόθεν δήποτε ἐγνωρισμένοι τούτῳ (οὐ γὰρ οἶδα), καὶ ἐδέοντό μου δανεῖσαι χρήματα εἰς τὸν Πόντον Ἀρτέμωνι τῷ τούτου ἀδελφῷ καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρῳ, ὅπως ἂν ἐνεργοὶ ὦσιν, οὐδὲν εἰδώς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐδʼ ὁ Θρασυμήδης τὴν τούτων πονηρίαν, ἀλλʼ οἰόμενος εἶναι ἐπιεικεῖς ἀνθρώπους καὶ οἷοίπερ προσεποιοῦντο καὶ ἔφασαν εἶναι, καὶ ἡγούμενος ποιήσειν αὐτοὺς πάντα ὅσαπερ ὑπισχνεῖτο καὶ ἀνεδέχετο Λάκριτος οὑτοσί.
8. He was utterly deceived, and had no idea what monsters these men were with whom he was associating. I allowed myself to be persuaded by Thrasymedes and his brother, and upon the assurance given me by this Lacritus, that his brothers would do everything that was right, I, with the help of a Carystian, who was a friend of mine, lent thirty minae in silver.
8. πλεῖστον δʼ ἄρα ἦν ἐψευσμένος, καὶ οὐδὲν ᾔδει οἵοις θηρίοις ἐπλησίαζε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις. κἀγὼ πεισθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θρασυμήδους καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ Λακρίτου τουτουὶ ἀναδεχομένου μοι πάντʼ ἔσεσθαι τὰ δίκαια παρὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν αὑτοῦ, ἐδάνεισα μετὰ ξένου τινὸς ἡμετέρου Καρυστίου τριάκοντα μνᾶς ἀργυρίου.
9. I wish you first, men of the jury, to hear the agreement in accordance with which we lent the money, and the witnesses who were present when the loan was made; after that I shall take up the remaining features of the case, and show you how like burglars they acted in the matter of this loan. Read the agreement, and then the depositions. The Agreement “Androcles of Sphettus and Nausicrates of Carystus lent to Artemo and Apollodorus, both of Phaselis, three thousand drachmae in silver for a voyage from Athens to Mendê or Scionê, and thence to Bosporus—or if they so choose, for a voyage to the left parts of the Pontus as far as the Borysthenes, and thence back to Athens, on interest at the rate of two hundred and twenty-five drachmae on the thousand; but, if they should sail out from Pontus to Hieron after the rising of Arcturus, at three hundred on the thousand, on the security of three thousand jars of wine of Mendê, which shall be conveyed from Mendê or Scionê in the twenty-oared ship of which Hyblesius is owner.”
9. βούλομαι οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῆς συγγραφῆς ἀκοῦσαι ὑμᾶς πρῶτον, καθʼ ἣν ἐδανείσαμεν τὰ χρήματα, καὶ τῶν μαρτύρων τῶν παραγενομένων τῷ δανείσματι· ἔπειτα περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιδείξομεν, οἷα ἐτοιχωρύχησαν οὗτοι περὶ τὸ δάνειον. λέγε τὴν συγγραφήν, εἶτα τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΗ. ἐδάνεισαν Ἀνδροκλῆς Σφήττιος καὶ Ναυσικράτης Καρύστιος Ἀρτέμωνι καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρῳ Φασηλίταις ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς τρισχιλίας Ἀθήνηθεν εἰς Μένδην ἢ Σκιώνην, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν εἰς Βόσπορον, ἐὰν δὲ βούλωνται, τῆς ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ μέχρι Βορυσθένους, καὶ πάλιν Ἀθήναζε, ἐπὶ διακοσίαις εἴκοσι πέντε τὰς χιλίας, ἐὰν δὲ μετʼ Ἀρκτοῦρον ἐκπλεύσωσιν ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ἐφʼ Ἱερόν, ἐπὶ τριακοσίαις τὰς χιλίας, ἐπὶ οἴνου κεραμίοις Μενδαίοις τρισχιλίοις, ὃς πλεύσεται ἐκ Μένδης ἢ Σκιώνης ἐν τῇ εἰκοσόρῳ ἣν Ὑβλήσιος ναυκληρεῖ.
11. “They give these goods as security, owing no money upon them to any other person, nor will they make any additional loan upon this security; and they agree to bring back to Athens in the same vessel all the goods put on board in Pontus as a return cargo; and, if the goods are brought safe to Athens, the borrowers are to pay to the lenders the money due in accordance with the agreement within twenty days after they shall have arrived at Athens, without deduction save for such jettison as the passengers shall have made by common agreement, or for money paid to enemies; but without deduction for any other loss. And they shall deliver to the lenders in their entirety the goods offered as security to be under their absolute control until such time as they shall themselves have paid the money due in accordance with the agreement.”
11. ὑποτιθέασι δὲ ταῦτα, οὐκ ὀφείλοντες ἐπὶ τούτοις ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν ἀργύριον, οὐδʼ ἐπιδανείσονται. καὶ ἀπάξουσι τὰ χρήματα τὰ ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ἀντιφορτισθέντα Ἀθήναζε πάλιν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ πλοίῳ ἅπαντα. σωθέντων δὲ τῶν χρημάτων Ἀθήναζε, ἀποδώσουσιν οἱ δανεισάμενοι τοῖς δανείσασι τὸ γιγνόμενον ἀργύριον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν ἡμερῶν εἴκοσιν, ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ἔλθωσιν Ἀθήναζε, ἐντελὲς πλὴν ἐκβολῆς, ἣν ἂν οἱ σύμπλοι ψηφισάμενοι κοινῇ ἐκβάλωνται, καὶ ἄν τι πολεμίοις ἀποτείσωσιν· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἐντελές. καὶ παρέξουσι τοῖς δανείσασι τὴν ὑποθήκην ἀνέπαφον κρατεῖν, ἕως ἂν ἀποδῶσι τὸ γιγνόμενον ἀργύριον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν.
12. “And, if they shall not pay it within the time agreed upon, it shall be lawful for the lenders to pledge the goods or even to sell them for such price as they can get; and if the proceeds fall short of the sum which the lenders should receive in accordance with the agreement, it shall be lawful for the lenders, whether severally or jointly, to collect the amount by proceeding against Artemo and Apollodorus, and against all their property whether on land or sea, wheresoever it may be, precisely as if judgement had been rendered against them and they had defaulted in payment.”
12. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀποδῶσιν ἐν τῷ συγκειμένῳ χρόνῳ, τὰ ὑποκείμενα τοῖς δανείσασιν ἐξέστω ὑποθεῖναι καὶ ἀποδόσθαι τῆς ὑπαρχούσης τιμῆς· καὶ ἐάν τι ἐλλείπῃ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, ὃ δεῖ γενέσθαι τοῖς δανείσασι κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, παρὰ Ἀρτέμωνος καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρου ἔστω ἡ πρᾶξις τοῖς δανείσασι καὶ ἐκ τῶν τούτων ἁπάντων, καὶ ἐγγείων καὶ ναυτικῶν, πανταχοῦ ὅπου ἂν ὦσι, καθάπερ δίκην ὠφληκότων καὶ ὑπερημέρων ὄντων, καὶ ἑνὶ ἑκατέρῳ τῶν δανεισάντων καὶ ἀμφοτέροις.
13. “And, if they do not enter Pontus, but remain in the Hellespont ten days after the rising of the dogstar, and disembark their goods at a port where the Athenians have no right of reprisals, and from thence complete their voyage to Athens, let them pay the interest written into the contract the year before. And if the vessel in which the goods shall be conveyed suffers aught beyond repair, but the security is saved, let whatever is saved be the joint property of the lenders. And in regard to these matters nothing shall have greater effect than the agreement.” “Witnesses: Phormio of Peiraeus, Cephisodotus of Boeotia, Heliodorus of Pitthus.”
13. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εἰσβάλωσι, μείναντες ἐπὶ κυνὶ ἡμέρας δέκα ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ, ἐξελόμενοι ὅπου ἂν μὴ σῦλαι ὦσιν Ἀθηναίοις, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν καταπλεύσαντες Ἀθήναζε τοὺς τόκους ἀποδόντων τοὺς πέρυσι γραφέντας εἰς τὴν συγγραφήν. ἐὰν δέ τι ἡ ναῦς πάθῃ ἀνήκεστον ἐν ᾗ ἂν πλέῃ τὰ χρήματα, σωτηρία δʼ ἔσται τῶν ὑποκειμένων, τὰ περιγενόμενα κοινὰ ἔστω τοῖς δανείσασιν. κυριώτερον δὲ περὶ τούτων ἄλλο μηδὲν εἶναι τῆς συγγραφῆς. Μάρτυρες· Φορμίων Πειραιεύς, Κηφισόδοτος Βοιώτιος, Ἡλιόδωρος Πιθεύς.
14. Now read the depositions. The Deposition “Archenomides, son of Archedamas, of Anagyrus, deposes that Androcles of Sphettus, Nausicrates of Carystus, and Artemo and Apollodorus, both of Phaselis, deposited articles of agreement with him, and that the agreement is still in custody in his hands.” Read also the deposition of those who were present. The Deposition “Theodotus, privileged alien, Charinus, son of Epichares, of Leuconium, Phormio, son of Ctephisophon, of Peiraeus, Cephisodotus of Boeotia and Heliodorus of Pitthus depose that they were present when Androcles lent to Artemo three thousand drachmae in silver, and that they know they deposited the agreement with Archenomides of Anagyrus.”
14. λέγε δὴ καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ Ἀρχενομίδης Ἀρχεδάμαντος Ἀναγυράσιος μαρτυρεῖ συνθήκας παρʼ ἑαυτῷ καταθέσθαι Ἀνδροκλέα Σφήττιον, Ναυσικράτην Καρύστιον, Ἀρτέμωνα, Ἀπολλόδωρον Φασηλίτας, καὶ εἶναι παρʼ ἑαυτῷ ἔτι κειμένην τὴν συγγραφήν. λέγε δὴ καὶ τὴν τῶν παραγενομένων μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. Θεόδοτος ἰσοτελής, Χαρῖνος Ἐπιχάρους Λευκονοεύς, Φορμίων Κτησιφῶντος Πειραιεύς, Κηφισόδοτος Βοιώτιος, Ἡλιόδωρος Πιθεὺς μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι, ὅτʼ ἐδάνεισεν Ἀνδροκλῆς Ἀπολλοδώρῳ καὶ Ἀρτέμωνι ἀργυρίου τρισχιλίας δραχμάς, καὶ εἰδέναι τὴν συγγραφὴν καταθεμένους παρὰ Ἀρχενομίδῃ Ἀναγυρασίῳ.
15. In accordance with this agreement, men of the jury, I lent the money to Artemo, this man’s brother, at the request of Lacritus, and upon his engaging that I should receive everything that was my due in accordance with the agreement under which the loan was made. Lacritus himself drew up the agreement and joined in sealing it after it was written; for his brothers were still youngish, in fact mere boys, but he was Lacritus, of Phaselis, a personage of note, a pupil of Isocrates.
15. κατὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν ταύτην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐδάνεισα τὰ χρήματα Ἀρτέμωνι τῷ τούτου ἀδελφῷ, κελεύοντος τούτου καὶ ἀναδεχομένου ἅπαντα ἔσεσθαί μοι τὰ δίκαια κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, καθʼ ἣν ἐδάνεισα τούτου αὐτοῦ γράφοντος καὶ συσσημηναμένου, ἐπειδὴ ἐγράφη. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ τούτου ἔτι νεώτεροι ἦσαν, μειράκια κομιδῇ, οὑτοσὶ δὲ Λάκριτος Φασηλίτης, μέγα πρᾶγμα, Ἰσοκράτους μαθητής·
16. It was he who managed the whole matter, and he bade me look to him; for he declared that he would himself do everything that was right for me, and that he would stay in Athens, while his brother Artemo would sail in charge of the goods. At that time, men of the jury, when he wanted to get the money from us, he declared that he was both the brother and the partner of Artemo, and spoke with wondrous persuasiveness;
16. οὗτος ἦν ὁ πάντα διοικῶν, καὶ ἑαυτῷ με τὸν νοῦν προσέχειν ἐκέλευεν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἔφη ποιήσειν μοι τὰ δίκαια ἅπαντα καὶ ἐπιδημήσειν Ἀθήνησιν, τὸν δὲ ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Ἀρτέμωνα πλεύσεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν. καὶ τότε μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτʼ ἐβούλετο τὰ χρήματα λαβεῖν παρʼ ἡμῶν, καὶ ἀδελφὸς ἔφη εἶναι καὶ κοινωνὸς τοῦ Ἀρτέμωνος, καὶ λόγους θαυμασίως ὡς πιθανοὺς ἔλεγεν·
17. but, as soon as they got possession of the money, they divided it, and used it as they pleased; while as for the maritime agreement on the terms of which they secured the money, in no matter great or small did they carry out its provisions, as the facts themselves make clear. And in all these things this fellow Lacritus was the prime mover. I shall take up the clauses of the contract one by one, and shall show that in no single instance have these men done what was right.
17. ἐπειδὴ δὲ τάχιστα ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο τοῦ ἀργυρίου, τοῦτο μὲν διενείμαντο καὶ ἐχρῶντο ὅ τι ἐδόκει τούτοις, κατὰ δὲ τὴν συγγραφὴν τὴν ναυτικήν, καθʼ ἣν ἔλαβον τὰ χρήματα, οὔτε μέγα οὔτε μικρὸν ἔπραττον, ὡς αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἐδήλωσεν. οὑτοσὶ δὲ Λάκριτος ἁπάντων ἦν τούτων ὁ ἐξηγητής. καθʼ ἕκαστον δὲ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ ἐπιδείξω τούτους οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν πεποιηκότας ὑγιές.
18. In the first place it stands written that they borrowed from us thirty minae on three thousand jars of wine, giving out that they possessed security for thirty minae more, so that the price of the wine would amount to a talent of money, including the expenses to be incurred in the stowage of the wine; and that these three thousand jars were to be conveyed to Pontus in the twenty-oared ship, of which Hyblesius was owner.
18. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ γέγραπται ὅτι ἐπʼ οἴνου κεραμίοις τρισχιλίοις ἐδανείζοντο παρʼ ἡμῶν τὰς τριάκοντα μνᾶς, ὡς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτοῖς ὑποθήκης ἑτέρων τριάκοντα μνῶν, ὥστε εἰς τάλαντον ἀργυρίου τὴν τιμὴν εἶναι τοῦ οἴνου καθισταμένην, σὺν τοῖς ἀναλώμασιν, ὅσα ἔδει ἀναλίσκεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατασκευὴν τὴν περὶ τὸν οἶνον· τὰ δὲ τρισχίλια κεράμια ἄγεσθαι ταῦτα εἰς τὸν Πόντον ἐν τῇ εἰκοσόρῳ ἣν Ὑβλήσιος ἐναυκλήρει.
19. These provisions, men of the jury, stand written in the agreement which you have heard. But instead of three thousand jars, these men did not put even five hundred on board the boat; and instead of having bought the quantity of wine which they should have, they used the money in whatever way they pleased; as for those three thousand jars which the agreement called for, they never meant nor intended to put them on board. To prove that these statements of mine are true, take the deposition of those who sailed with them in the same ship. The Deposition “Erasicles deposes that he was pilot of the ship of which Hyblesius was owner, and that to his knowledge Apollodorus was conveying in the ship four hundred and fifty jars of Mendaean wine, and no more; and that Apollodorus conveyed no other cargo in the ship to Pontus.”
19. γέγραπται μὲν ταῦτα ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἧς ὑμεῖς ἀκηκόατε· οὗτοι δὲ ἀντὶ τῶν τρισχιλίων κεραμίων οὐδὲ πεντακόσια κεράμια εἰς τὸ πλοῖον ἐνέθεντο, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἠγοράσθαι αὐτοῖς τὸν οἶνον, ὅσον προσῆκεν, τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐχρῶντο ὅ τι ἐδόκει τούτοις, τὰ δὲ κεράμια τὰ τρισχίλια οὐδʼ ἐμέλλησαν οὐδὲ διενοήθησαν ἐνθέσθαι εἰς τὸ πλοῖον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν. ὅτι δʼ ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λέγω, λαβὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν τῶν συμπλεόντων ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ πλοίῳ τούτοις. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ.
20. “Hippias, son of Athenippus, of Halicarnassus, deposes that he too sailed in the ship of Hyblesius as supercargo of the vessel and that to his knowledge Apollodorus of Phaselis was conveying in the ship from Mendê to Pontus four hundred and fifty jars of Mendaean wine, and no other cargo.” “In addition to these, written affidavits were submitted by Archiades, son of Mnesonidas, of Acharnae, Sostratus, son of Philip, of Histiaea, Eumarichus, son of Euboeus, of Histiaea, Philtiades, son of Ctesias, of Xypetê, and Dionysius, son of Democratides, of Cholleidae.”
20. Ἐρασικλῆς μαρτυρεῖ κυβερνᾶν τὴν ναῦν ἣν Ὑβλήσιος ἐναυκλήρει, καὶ εἰδέναι Ἀπολλόδωρον ἀγόμενον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ οἴνου Μενδαίου κεράμια τετρακόσια πεντήκοντα, καὶ οὐ πλείω· ἄλλο δὲ μηδὲν ἀγώγιμον ἄγεσθαι ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ Ἀπολλόδωρον εἰς τὸν Πόντον. Ἱππίας Ἀθηνίππου Ἁλικαρνασσεὺς μαρτυρεῖ συμπλεῖν ἐν τῇ Ὑβλησίου νηὶ διοπεύων τὴν ναῦν, καὶ εἰδέναι Ἀπολλόδωρον τὸν Φασηλίτην ἀγόμενον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ ἐκ Μένδης εἰς τὸν Πόντον οἴνου Μενδαίου κεράμια τετρακόσια πεντήκοντα, ἄλλο δὲ μηδὲν φορτίον. πρὸς τούσδʼ ἐξεμαρτύρησεν· Ἀρχιάδης Μνησωνίδου Ἀχαρνεύς, Σώστρατος Φιλίππου Ἑστιαιόθεν, Εὐμάριχος Εὐβοίου Ἑστιαιόθεν, Φιλτάδης Κτησίου Ξυπεταιών, Διονύσιος Δημοκρατίδου Χολλῄδης.
21. In regard, then, to the quantity of wine which it was their duty to put on board the ship that was what they contrived to do; and from this point they began from its very first clause to violate the agreement and to fail to perform what it required. The next clause that stands written in the agreement states that they pledge these goods free from all encumbrances; that they owe nothing to anyone upon them; and that they will not secure further loans upon them from anyone.
21. περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ πλήθους τοῦ οἴνου, ὅσον ἔδει αὐτοὺς ἐνθέσθαι εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, ταῦτα διεπράξαντο, καὶ ἤρξαντο εὐθὺς ἐντεῦθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου γεγραμμένου παραβαίνειν καὶ μὴ ποιεῖν τὰ γεγραμμένα. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἔστιν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ ὅτι ὑποτιθέασιν ταῦτα ἐλεύθερα καὶ οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν ὀφείλοντες, καὶ ὅτι οὐδʼ ἐπιδανείσονται ἐπὶ τούτοις παρʼ οὐδενός. ταῦτα διαρρήδην γέγραπται, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
22. This is expressly stated, men of the jury. But what have these men done? Disregarding the terms of the agreement they borrow money from a certain youth, whom they deceived by stating that they owed nothing to anybody. Thus they cheated us, and without our knowledge borrowed money upon our security, and they also deceived that young man who lent them the money by alleging that the goods upon which they borrowed from him were unencumbered. Such are the rascalities of these men, and they are all clever devisings of this man Lacritus. To prove that I am speaking the truth and that they did borrow additional sums contrary to the agreement, the clerk shall read you the deposition of the man himself who made the additional loan.
22. οὗτοι δὲ τί ἐποίησαν; ἀμελήσαντες τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ δανείζονται παρά τινος νεανίσκου, ἐξαπατήσαντες ὡς οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν ὀφείλοντες· καὶ ἡμᾶς τε παρεκρούσαντο καὶ ἔλαθον δανεισάμενοι ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμετέροις, ἐκεῖνόν τε τὸν νεανίσκον τὸν δανείσαντα ἐξηπάτησαν ὡς ἐπʼ ἐλευθέροις τοῖς χρήμασιν δανειζόμενοι· τοιαῦτα τούτων ἐστὶν τὰ κακουργήματα. ταῦτα δὲ πάντʼ ἐστὶν τὰ σοφίσματα Λακρίτου τουτουί. ὅτι δὲ ἀληθῆ λέγω καὶ ἐπεδανείσαντο χρήματα παρὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, μαρτυρίαν ἀναγνώσεται ὑμῖν αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐπιδανείσαντος.
23. Read the deposition. The Deposition “Aratus of Halicarnassus deposes that he lent to Apollodorus eleven minae in silver on the merchandise which he was conveying in the ship of Hyblesius to Pontus, and on the goods purchased there as a return cargo; and that he was unaware that the defendant had borrowed money from Androcles; for otherwise he would not himself have lent the money to Apollodorus.”
23. λέγε τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. Ἄρατος Ἁλικαρνασσεὺς μαρτυρεῖ δανεῖσαι Ἀπολλοδώρῳ ἕνδεκα μνᾶς ἀργυρίου ἐπὶ τῇ ἐμπορίᾳ, ἣν ἦγεν ἐν τῇ Ὑβλησίου νηὶ εἰς τὸν Πόντον, καὶ τοῖς ἐκεῖθεν ἀνταγορασθεῖσι, καὶ μὴ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν δεδανεισμένον παρὰ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀργύριον· οὐ γὰρ ἂν δανεῖσαι αὐτὸς Ἀπολλοδώρῳ τὸ ἀργύριον.
24. Such are the rascalities of these men. But after this it stands written in the agreement, men of the jury, that when they should have sold in Pontus the goods which they brought thither, they should purchase with the proceeds other goods as a return cargo, and should bring this return cargo back to Athens; and that when they should have reached Athens, they should within twenty days repay us in certified coin; and that pending the payment we should have control of the goods, and that they should deliver them to us in their entirety until we should get back our money.
24. αἱ μὲν πανουργίαι τοιαῦται τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων εἰσίν. γέγραπται δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐπειδὰν ἀποδῶνται ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ ἃ ἦγον, πάλιν ἀνταγοράζειν χρήματα καὶ ἀντιφορτίζεσθαι καὶ ἀπάγειν Ἀθήναζε τὰ ἀντιφορτισθέντα, καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀφίκωνται Ἀθήναζε, ἀποδοῦναι εἴκοσιν ἡμερῶν τὸ ἀργύριον ἡμῖν δόκιμον· ἕως δʼ ἂν ἀποδῶσιν, κρατεῖν τῶν χρημάτων ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἀνέπαφα ταῦτα παρέχειν τούτους, ἕως ἂν ἀπολάβωμεν.
25. These terms stand written thus precisely in the agreement. But these people, men of the jury, have here shown most strikingly their own insolence and shamelessness, and that they paid not the slightest heed to the terms written in the agreement; but regarded the agreement as mere trash and nonsense. For they neither purchased any other goods in Pontus nor took on board any return cargo to be conveyed to Athens; and we who had lent the money, when these men themselves returned from Pontus, had nothing which we could lay hold of or keep in possession until we should recover our money; for these men brought nothing whatsoever into your harbor. Nay, we have suffered the most unheard-of treatment, men of the jury.
25. γέγραπται μὲν ταῦτα οὑτωσὶ ἀκριβῶς ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ· οὗτοι δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐπεδείξαντο μάλιστα τὴν ὕβριν καὶ τὴν ἀναίδειαν τὴν ἑαυτῶν, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ μικρὸν προσεῖχον τοῖς γράμμασι τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ, ἀλλʼ ἡγοῦντο εἶναι τὴν συγγραφὴν ἄλλως ὕθλον καὶ φλυαρίαν. οὔτε γὰρ ἀντηγόρασαν οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ οὔτε ἀντεφορτίσαντο ὥστε ἄγειν Ἀθήναζε· ἡμεῖς τε οἱ δανείσαντες τὰ χρήματα ἡκόντων αὐτῶν τούτων ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου οὐκ εἴχομεν ὅτου ἐπιλαβοίμεθα οὐδʼ ὅτου κρατοῖμεν, ἕως κομισαίμεθα τὰ ἡμέτερʼ αὐτῶν· οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν γὰρ εἰσήγαγον εἰς τὸν λιμένα τὸν ὑμέτερον οὗτοι.
26. In our own city, without ourselves having committed any wrong, or having had judgement rendered against us in their favor, we have been robbed of our own possessions by these men who are Phaselites, just as if rights of reprisal had been given to Phaselites against Athenians. For when they refuse to pay back what they received, what other name can one give to such people, than that they take by force the goods of others? For my own part, I have never heard of a more abominable act than that which these men have committed in relation to us, and that, too, while admitting that they received the money from us.
26. ἀλλὰ πεπόνθαμεν καινότατον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί· ἐν γὰρ τῇ πόλει τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ αὐτῶν, οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντες οὐδὲ δίκην οὐδεμίαν ὠφληκότες τούτοις, σεσυλήμεθα τὰ ἡμέτερʼ αὐτῶν ὑπὸ τούτων Φασηλιτῶν ὄντων, ὥσπερ δεδομένων συλῶν Φασηλίταις κατʼ Ἀθηναίων. ἐπειδὰν γὰρ μὴ ἐθέλωσιν ἀποδοῦναι ἃ ἔλαβον, τί ἄν τις ἄλλο ὄνομα ἔχοι θέσθαι τοῖς τοιούτοις ἢ ὅτι ἀφαιροῦνται βίᾳ τὰ ἀλλότρια; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδὲ ἀκήκοα πώποτε πρᾶγμα μιαρώτερον ἢ ὃ οὗτοι διαπεπραγμένοι εἰσὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς, καὶ ταῦτα ὁμολογοῦντες λαβεῖν παρʼ ἡμῶν τὰ χρήματα.
27. For whereas all clauses in contracts which are open to dispute require a judicial decision, men of the jury, those on the contrary which are admitted by both the contracting parties, and concerning which there exist maritime agreements, are held by all men to be final; and the parties are bound to abide by what is written. That these men, however, have fulfilled not a single one of the provisions of the agreement, but that from the very first they meditated fraud and purposed dishonest action has been thus clearly proven against them by the depositions of witnesses and by themselves.
27. ὅσα μὲν γὰρ ἀμφισβητήσιμά ἐστι τῶν συμβολαίων, κρίσεως δεῖται, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί· τὰ δὲ παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων ὁμολογηθέντα τῶν συντιθεμένων, καὶ περὶ ὧν συγγραφαὶ κεῖνται ναυτικαί, τέλος ἔχειν ἅπαντες νομίζουσιν, καὶ χρῆσθαι προσήκει τοῖς γεγραμμένοις. ὅτι δὲ κατὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν πεποιήκασιν, ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἀρξάμενοι ἐκακοτέχνουν καὶ ἐπεβούλευον μηδὲν ὑγιὲς ποιεῖν, ὑπό τε τῶν μαρτυριῶν καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑφʼ ἑαυτῶν ἐλέγχονται οὑτωσὶ καταφανῶς.
28. You must now hear the most outrageous thing which this fellow Lacritus has done; for it was he who managed the whole affair. When they arrived here they did not put into your port, but came to anchor in Thieves’ Harbor, which is outside of the signs marking your port; and to anchor in Thieves’ Harbor is the same as if one were to anchor in Aegina or Megara; for anyone can sail forth from that harbor to whatever point he wishes and at any moment he pleases.
28. ὃ δὲ πάντων δεινότατον διεπράξατο Λάκριτος οὑτοσί, δεῖ ὑμᾶς ἀκοῦσαι· οὗτος γὰρ ἦν ὁ πάντα ταῦτα διοικῶν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀφίκοντο δεῦρο, εἰς μὲν τὸ ὑμέτερον ἐμπόριον οὐ καταπλέουσιν, εἰς φωρῶν δὲ λιμένα ὁρμίζονται, ὅς ἐστιν ἔξω τῶν σημείων τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἐμπορίου, καὶ ἔστιν ὅμοιον εἰς φωρῶν λιμένα ὁρμίσασθαι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις εἰς Αἴγιναν ἢ εἰς Μέγαρα ὁρμίσαιτο· ἔξεστι γὰρ ἀποπλεῖν ἐκ τοῦ λιμένος τούτου ὅποι ἄν τις βούληται καὶ ὁπηνίκʼ ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ.
29. Well, their vessel lay at anchor there for more than twenty-five days, and these men walked about in your sample-market. We on our part talked to them and bade them see to it that we received our money back as soon as possible; and they agreed, and said they were trying to arrange that very thing. While we thus approached them, we at the same time kept an eye on them to see whether they disembarked anything from the ship, or paid any harbor-dues.
29. καὶ τὸ μὲν πλοῖον ὥρμει ἐνταῦθα πλείους ἢ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἡμέρας, οὗτοι δὲ περιεπάτουν ἐν τῷ δείγματι τῷ ἡμετέρῳ, καὶ ἡμεῖς προσιόντες διελεγόμεθα, καὶ ἐκελεύομεν τούτους ἐπιμελεῖσθαι ὅπως ἂν ὡς τάχιστα ἀπολάβωμεν τὰ χρήματα. οὗτοι δὲ ὡμολόγουν τε καὶ ἔλεγον ὅτι αὐτὰ ταῦτα περαίνοιεν. καὶ ἡμεῖς τούτοις προσῇμεν, καὶ ἅμα ἐπεσκοποῦμεν εἴ τι ἐξαιροῦνταί ποθεν ἐκ πλοίου ἢ πεντηκοστεύονται.
30. But when they had been in town a good many days, and we found that nothing had been disembarked from the ship, nor had any harbor-dues been paid in their name, we began from then on to press them more and more with our demands. And when we made ourselves burdensome to them, this fellow Lacritus, the brother of Artemo, answered that they would be unable to pay us, for all their goods were lost; and Lacritus declared he could make out a good case in the matter.
30. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡμέραι τε ἦσαν συχναὶ ἐπιδημοῦσι τούτοις, ἡμεῖς τε οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν εὑρίσκομεν οὔτʼ ἐξῃρημένον οὔτε πεπεντηκοστευμένον ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ τούτων, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη μᾶλλον προσεκείμεθα ἀπαιτοῦντες. καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἠνωχλοῦμεν αὐτοῖς, ἀποκρίνεται Λάκριτος οὑτοσί, ἁδελφὸς ὁ Ἀρτέμωνος, ὅτι οὐκ ἂν οἷοί τʼ εἴησαν ἀποδοῦναι, ἀλλʼ ἀπόλωλεν ἅπαντα τὰ χρήματα· καὶ ἔφη Λάκριτος δίκαιόν τι ἔχειν λέγειν περὶ τούτων.
31. We, men of the jury, were indignant at these words, but we gained nothing by our indignation, for these men cared not a fig for it. Nevertheless we asked them in what way the goods had been lost. This man, Lacritus, said that the ship had been wrecked while sailing along the coast from Panticapaeum to Theodosia, and that in the wreck of the vessel the goods of his brothers which were at the time on board were lost; there was on board salt fish, Coan wine, and sundry other things; this, they said, had been put on board as a return cargo, and they had intended to bring it to Athens, had it not been lost in the ship.
31. καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἠγανακτοῦμεν ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις, πλέον δὲ οὐδὲν ἦν ἀγανακτοῦσιν ἡμῖν· τούτοις γὰρ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔμελεν. οὐδὲν δʼ ἧττον ἠρωτῶμεν αὐτούς, ὅντινα τρόπον ἀπολωλότα εἴη τὰ χρήματα. Λάκριτος δὲ οὑτοσὶ ναυαγῆσαι ἔφη τὸ πλοῖον παραπλέον ἐκ Παντικαπαίου εἰς Θεοδοσίαν, ναυαγήσαντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου ἀπολωλέναι τὰ χρήματα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ, ἃ ἔτυχεν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ ἐνόντα· ἐνεῖναι δὲ τάριχός τε καὶ οἶνον Κῷον καὶ ἄλλʼ ἄττα, καὶ ταῦτα ἔφασαν πάντα ἀντιφορτισθέντα μέλλειν ἀπάγειν Ἀθήναζε, εἰ μὴ ἀπώλετο ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ.
32. That is what he said; but it is worth your while to learn the abominable wickedness of these men, and their mendacity. Concerning the vessel which was wrecked they had no contract, but it was another man who had lent from Athens upon the freight to Pontus, and on the vessel itself. (Antipater was the lender’s name; he was a Citian by birth.) The Coan wine (eighty jars of wine that had turned sour) and the salt fish were being transported in the vessel for a certain farmer from Panticapaeum to Theodosia for the use of the laborers on his farm. Why, then, do they keep alleging these excuses? It is in no wise fitting.
32. καὶ ἃ μὲν ἔλεγεν, ταῦτʼ ἦν· ἄξιον δὲ ἀκοῦσαι τὴν βδελυρίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων καὶ τὴν ψευδολογίαν. πρός τε γὰρ τὸ πλοῖον τὸ ναυαγῆσαν οὐδὲν ἦν αὐτοῖς συμβόλαιον, ἀλλʼ ἦν ἕτερος ὁ δεδανεικὼς Ἀθήνηθεν ἐπὶ τῷ ναύλῳ τῷ εἰς τὸν Πόντον καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τῷ πλοίῳ (Ἀντίπατρος ὄνομα ἦν τῷ δεδανεικότι, Κιτιεὺς τὸ γένος)· τό τε οἰνάριον τὸ Κῷον ὀγδοήκοντα στάμνοι ἐξεστηκότος οἴνου, καὶ τὸ τάριχος ἀνθρώπῳ τινὶ γεωργῷ παρεκομίζετο ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ ἐκ Παντικαπαίου εἰς Θεοδοσίαν τοῖς ἐργάταις τοῖς περὶ τὴν γεωργίαν χρῆσθαι. τί οὖν ταύτας τὰς προφάσεις λέγουσιν; οὐδὲν γὰρ προσήκει.
33. Now please take the deposition first that of Apollonides, showing that it was Antipater who lent money upon the vessel, and that these men were in no wise affected by the shipwreck; and then that of Erasicles and that of Hippias, showing that only eighty jars were being transported in the vessel. The Depositions “Apollonides of Halicarnassus deposes that to his knowledge Antipater, a Citian by birth, lent money to Hyblesius for a voyage to Pontus on the ship of which Hyblesius was in command, and on the freight to Pontus, and that he was himself part-owner of the ship with Hyblesius; that slaves of his own were passengers on the ship; and that, when the ship was wrecked, his servants were present and reported the fact to him, and also the further fact that the ship, having no cargo, was wrecked while sailing along the coast to Theodosia from Panticapaeum.”
33. καί μοι λαβὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν, πρῶτον μὲν τὴν Ἀπολλωνίδου, ὅτι Ἀντίπατρος ἦν ὁ δανείσας ἐπὶ τῷ πλοίῳ, τούτοις δʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν προσήκει τῆς ναυαγίας, ἔπειτα τὴν Ἐρασικλέους καὶ τὴν Ἱππίου, ὅτι ὀγδοήκοντα μόνον κεράμια παρήγετο ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. Ἀπολλωνίδης Ἁλικαρνασσεὺς μαρτυρεῖ εἰδέναι δανείσαντα Ἀντίπατρον, Κιτιέα τὸ γένος, χρήματα Ὑβλησίῳ εἰς τὸν Πόντον ἐπὶ τῇ νηὶ ἣν Ὑβλήσιος ἐναυκλήρει, καὶ τῷ ναύλῳ τῷ εἰς τὸν Πόντον· κοινωνεῖν δὲ καὶ αὑτὸν τῆς νεὼς Ὑβλησίῳ, καὶ συμπλεῖν ἑαυτοῦ οἰκέτας ἐν τῇ νηί, καὶ ὅτε διεφθάρη ἡ ναῦς, παρεῖναι τοὺς οἰκέτας τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἀπαγγέλλειν ἑαυτῷ, καὶ ὅτι ἡ ναῦς κενὴ διεφθάρη παραπλέουσα εἰς Θευδοσίαν ἐκ Παντικαπαίου.
34. “Erasicles deposes that he sailed with Hyblesius as pilot of the ship to Pontus, and when the ship was sailing along the coast to Theodosia from Panticapaeum he knows that the ship had no cargo; and that Apollodorus, the very man who is now defendant in this suit, had no wine on board the vessel, but that about eighty jars of Coan wine were being conveyed for a certain man of Theodosia.” “Hippias, son of Athenippus, of Halicarnassus, deposes that he sailed with Hyblesius as supercargo of the ship, and that when the ship was sailing along the coast to Theodosia from Panticapaeum, Apollodorus put on board the ship one or two hampers of wool, eleven or twelve jars of salt fish, and goat-skins—two or three bundles—and nothing else.” “In addition to these, written affidavits were submitted by Euphiletus, son of Damotimus, of Aphidnae, Hippias, son of Timoxenus, of Thymaetadae, Sostratus, son of Philip, of Histiaea, Archenomides, son of Strato, of Thria. and Philtiades, son of Ctesicles, of Xypetê.”
34. Ἐρασικλῆς μαρτυρεῖ συμπλεῖν Ὑβλησίῳ κυβερνῶν τὴν ναῦν εἰς τὸν Πόντον, καὶ ὅτε παρέπλει ἡ ναῦς εἰς Θευδοσίαν ἐκ Παντικαπαίου, εἰδέναι κενὴν τὴν ναῦν παραπλέουσαν, καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρου αὐτοῦ τοῦ φεύγοντος νυνὶ τὴν δίκην μὴ εἶναι οἶνον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ἀλλὰ παράγεσθαι τῶν ἐκ Θευδοσίας τινὶ οἴνου Κῷα κεράμια περὶ ὀγδοήκοντα. Ἱππίας Ἀθηνίππου Ἁλικαρνασσεὺς μαρτυρεῖ συμπλεῖν Ὑβλησίῳ διοπεύων τὴν ναῦν, καὶ ὅτε παρέπλει ἡ ναῦς εἰς Θευδοσίαν ἐκ Παντικαπαίου, ἐνθέσθαι Ἀπολλόδωρον εἰς τὴν ναῦν ἐρίων ἀγγεῖον ἓν ἢ δύο καὶ ταρίχους κεράμια ἕνδεκα ἢ δώδεκα καὶ δέρματʼ αἴγεια, δύο δέσμας ἢ τρεῖς, ἄλλο δʼ οὐδέν. πρὸς τούσδʼ ἐξεμαρτύρησεν· Εὐφίλητος Δαμοτίμου Ἀφιδναῖος, Ἱππίας Τιμοξένου Θυμαιτάδης, Σώστρατος Φιλίππου Ἑστιαιόθεν, Ἀρχενομίδης Στράτωνος Θριάσιος, Φιλτάδης Κτησικλέους Ξυπεταιών.
35. Such is the shamelessness of these men. Now, men of the jury, take thought in your own minds, whether you ever knew or heard of any people importing wine by way of trade from Pontus to Athens, and especially Coan wine. The very opposite is, of course, the case. Wine is carried to Pontus from places around us, from Peparethus, and Cos, and Thasos and Mendê, and from all sorts of other places; whereas the things imported here from Pontus are quite different.
35. ἡ μὲν ἀναίδεια τοιαύτη τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων ἐστίν. ὑμεῖς δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐνθυμεῖσθε πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, εἴ τινας πώποτʼ ἴστε ἢ ἠκούσατε οἶνον Ἀθήναζε ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου κατʼ ἐμπορίαν εἰσαγαγόντας, ἄλλως τε καὶ Κῷον. πᾶν γὰρ δήπου τοὐναντίον εἰς τὸν Πόντον ὁ οἶνος εἰσάγεται ἐκ τῶν τόπων τῶν περὶ ἡμᾶς, ἐκ Πεπαρήθου καὶ Κῶ καὶ Θάσιος καὶ Μενδαῖος καὶ ἐξ ἄλλων τινῶν πόλεων παντοδαπός· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Πόντου ἕτερά ἐστιν ἃ εἰσάγεται δεῦρο.
36. When we refused to let them off, and questioned them as to whether any of the goods were saved in Pontus, the defendant, Lacritus, answered that one hundred Cyzicene staters were saved; and that his brother had lent this sum in gold in Pontus to a certain shipowner of Phaselis, a fellow-countryman and friend of his; and that he was unable to get it back, so that this also was as good as lost.
36. κατεχόμενοι δὲ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν καὶ ἐλεγχόμενοι εἴ τι περιγένοιτο τῶν χρημάτων ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ, ἀπεκρίνατο Λάκριτος οὑτοσί, ὅτι ἑκατὸν στατῆρες Κυζικηνοὶ περιγένοιντο, καὶ τοῦτο τὸ χρυσίον δεδανεικὼς εἴη ἁδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ ναυκλήρῳ τινὶ Φασηλίτῃ, πολίτῃ καὶ ἐπιτηδείῳ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ οὐ δύναιτο κομίσασθαι, ἀλλὰ σχεδόν τι ἀπολωλὸς εἴη καὶ τοῦτο.
37. This is what was said by this fellow, Lacritus; but the agreement, men of the jury, does not say this. It bids these men to take on board a return cargo, and bring it back to Athens; not to lend our property without our consent to whomsoever in Pontus they pleased, but to deliver it in its entirety to us at Athens, until we should recover all the money which we had lent. Now, please read the agreement again. The Agreement is Read Again Does the agreement, men of the jury, bid these men lend our money, and that to a man whom we do not know, and have never seen?
37. ταῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἃ ἔλεγεν Λάκριτος οὑτοσί. ἡ δὲ συγγραφὴ οὐ ταῦτα λέγει, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλʼ ἀντιφορτισαμένους ἀπάγειν κελεύει Ἀθήναζε, οὐ δανείζειν τούτους ὅτῳ ἂν βούλωνται ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ τὰ ἡμέτερα ἄνευ ἡμῶν, ἀλλʼ Ἀθήναζε παρέχειν ἀνέπαφα ἡμῖν, ἕως ἂν ἡμεῖς ἀπολάβωμεν τὰ χρήματα ὅσα ἐδανείσαμεν. καί μοι ἀναγίγνωσκε τὴν συγγραφὴν πάλιν. ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΗ.
38. Or does it bid them put on board their ship a return cargo and convey it to Athens, and there display it to us, and deliver it to us in its entirety?
38. πότερον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δανείζειν κελεύει τούτους ἡ συγγραφὴ τὰ ἡμέτερα, καὶ ταῦτα ἀνθρώπῳ ὃν ἡμεῖς οὔτε γιγνώσκομεν οὔθʼ ἑοράκαμεν πώποτε, ἢ ἀντιφορτισαμένους κομίσαι Ἀθήναζε καὶ φανερὰ ποιῆσαι ἡμῖν καὶ ἀνέπαφα παρέχειν;
39. The agreement does not permit anything to have greater effect than the terms contained in it, nor that anyone should bring forward any law or decree or anything else whatever to contravene its provisions; yet these men from the very outset paid no heed to this agreement, but made use of our money as if it had been their very own; so rascally are they as sophists and dishonest as men.
39. ἡ μὲν γὰρ συγγραφὴ οὐδὲν κυριώτερον ἐᾷ εἶναι τῶν ἐγγεγραμμένων, οὐδὲ προσφέρειν οὔτε νόμον οὔτε ψήφισμα οὔτʼ ἄλλʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν πρὸς τὴν συγγραφήν· τούτοις δʼ εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὐδὲν ἐμέλησε τῆς συγγραφῆς ταύτης, ἀλλὰ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐχρῶντο τοῖς ἡμετέροις ὥσπερ ἰδίοις οὖσιν αὑτῶν· οὕτως εἰσὶν οὗτοι κακοῦργοι σοφισταὶ καὶ ἄδικοι ἄνθρωποι.
40. For my own part, I swear by Zeus the king and by all the gods, I never made it a matter of reproach to anyone, men of the jury, nor blamed him, if he chose to be a sophist and to pay money to Isocrates; I should be mad if I concerned myself about anything of that sort. But, by Zeus, I do not think it right that men, because they look down on people and think themselves clever, should covet the property of others and seek to defraud them, trusting in their power of speech. That is the part of a rascally sophist, who should be made to suffer for it.
40. ἐγὼ δέ, μὰ τὸν Δία τὸν ἄνακτα καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ἅπαντας, οὐδενὶ πώποτε ἐφθόνησα οὐδʼ ἐπετίμησα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἴ τις βούλεται σοφιστὴς εἶναι καὶ Ἰσοκράτει ἀργύριον ἀναλίσκειν· μαινοίμην γὰρ ἄν, εἴ τί μοι τούτων ἐπιμελὲς εἴη. οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία οἶμαί γε δεῖν ἀνθρώπους καταφρονοῦντας καὶ οἰομένους δεινοὺς εἶναι ἐφίεσθαι τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, οὐδὲ ἀφαιρεῖσθαι, τῷ λόγῳ πιστεύοντας· πονηροῦ γὰρ ταῦτʼ ἐστὶν σοφιστοῦ καὶ οἰμωξομένου.
41. This fellow Lacritus, men of the jury, has not come into court relying on the justice of his case, but realizing perfectly what he and his brothers have done in the matter of this loan; and because he considers that he is clever and will easily provide arguments to defend evil practices, he thinks he will lead you astray just as he pleases. For it is precisely in these matters that he professes himself to be clever, and he asks money, and collects pupils, promising to instruct them in these very things.
41. Λάκριτος δʼ οὑτοσί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐ τῷ δικαίῳ πιστεύων εἰσελήλυθε ταύτην τὴν δίκην, ἀλλʼ ἀκριβῶς εἰδὼς τὰ πεπραγμένʼ αὑτοῖς περὶ τὸ δάνεισμα τοῦτο, καὶ ἡγούμενος δεινὸς εἶναι καὶ ῥᾳδίως λόγους ποριεῖσθαι περὶ ἀδίκων πραγμάτων, οἴεται παράξειν ὑμᾶς ὅποι ἂν βούληται. ταῦτα γὰρ ἐπαγγέλλεται δεινὸς εἶναι, καὶ ἀργύριον αἰτεῖ καὶ μαθητὰς συλλέγει περὶ αὐτῶν τούτων ἐπαγγελλόμενος παιδεύειν.
42. In the first place, he instructed his own brothers in this art, which you, men of the jury, see to be evil and unjust—the art of borrowing on your exchange money for a maritime adventure, and then defrauding the lenders, and refusing to pay them. How could there be men baser than the one who teaches such an art, or than those who learn of him? Since, then, he is so clever, and trusts in his power of speaking and in the one thousand drachmae which he has paid to his teacher, bid him show you, either that they did not borrow the money from us, or that, having borrowed it, they have paid it back; or that agreements for overseas trade ought not to be binding; or that it is right for people to use money for some other purpose than that for which they received it under agreement.
42. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς αὑτοῦ ἐπαίδευσεν τὴν παιδείαν ταύτην, ἣν ὑμεῖς αἰσθάνεσθε πονηρὰν καὶ ἄδικον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δανείζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ ναυτικὰ χρήματα καὶ ταῦτʼ ἀποστερεῖν καὶ μὴ ἀποδιδόναι. πῶς ἂν γένοιντο πονηρότεροι ἄνθρωποι ἢ τοῦ παιδεύοντος τὰ τοιαῦτα ἢ αὐτῶν τῶν παιδευομένων; ἐπεὶ δʼ οὖν δεινός ἐστιν καὶ πιστεύει τῷ λέγειν καὶ ταῖς χιλίαις δραχμαῖς ἃς δέδωκεν τῷ διδασκάλῳ, κελεύσατε αὐτὸν διδάξαι ὑμᾶς, ἢ ὡς τὰ χρήματα οὐκ ἔλαβον παρʼ ἡμῶν, ἢ ὡς λαβόντες ἀποδεδώκασιν, ἢ ὅτι τὰς ναυτικὰς συγγραφὰς οὐ δεῖ κυρίας εἶναι, ἢ ὡς δεῖ ἄλλο τι χρήσασθαι τοῖς χρήμασιν ἢ ἐφʼ οἷς ἔλαβον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν.
43. Let him prove to you whatever one of these propositions he chooses. If he can so prove it to you who sit to decide cases of mercantile contracts, I certainly concede that he is the cleverest of men. But I know well that he would not be able to prove it to you or induce you to believe any one of them.
43. τούτων ὅ τι βούλεται πεισάτω ὑμᾶς. καὶ ἔγωγε καὶ αὐτὸς συγχωρῶ σοφώτατον εἶναι τοῦτον, ἐὰν ὑμᾶς πείσῃ τοὺς περὶ τῶν συμβολαίων τῶν ἐμπορικῶν δικάζοντας. ἀλλʼ εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἂν τούτων οἷός τʼ εἴη οὗτος οὔτε διδάξαι οὔτε πεῖσαι.
44. But apart from all this, suppose, by heaven, men of the jury, that the case were reversed,—that it was not this man’s dead brother who owed me the money, but that I owed his brother a talent, or eighty minae, or more or less; do you fancy that this fellow, Lacritus, would employ the same language that he now so lavishly uses? Or would say that he is not the heir and has nothing to do with his brother’s affairs? Or that he would not exact payment from me mercilessly, as he has from the others who owed anything to the deceased, whether in Phaselis or anywhere else?
44. χωρὶς δὲ τούτων, φέρε πρὸς τῶν θεῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἰ τοὐναντίον συνεβεβήκει, μὴ ὁ τούτου ἀδελφὸς ὁ τετελευτηκὼς ἐμοὶ ὤφειλε χρήματα, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ τῷ τούτου, τάλαντον ἢ ὀγδοήκοντα μνᾶς ἢ πλέον ἢ ἔλαττον, ἆρʼ ἂν οἴεσθε Λάκριτον τουτονί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοὺς αὐτοὺς λόγους λέγειν οἷσπερ νυνὶ κατακέχρηται, ἢ φάσκειν αὑτὸν οὐκ εἶναι κληρονόμον ἢ ἀφίστασθαι τῶν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἂν πάνυ πικρῶς εἰσπράττειν με, ὥσπερ καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων εἰσπέπρακται, εἴ τίς τι ἐκείνῳ τῷ τετελευτηκότι ὤφειλεν ἢ ἐν Φασήλιδι ἢ ἄλλοθί που;
45. And, if any one of us, being defendant in a suit brought by him, had dared to enter a special plea declaring that the action was not one that could be brought into court, I know well that he would have waxed indignant, and would have protested to you, declaring that he was suffering treatment that was outrageous and contrary to law, if anyone voted that his action, being a mercantile one, was not one that could be brought. Then, Lacritus, if you consider this just for yourself, why should it not be just for me? Do not the same laws stand written for us all? And have we not all the same rights in regard to mercantile suits?
45. καὶ εἴ γέ τις ἡμῶν φεύγων δίκην ὑπὸ τούτου παραγραφὴν ἐτόλμησε παραγράφεσθαι, μὴ εἰσαγώγιμον εἶναι τὴν δίκην, εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἠγανάκτει ἂν αὐτὸς καὶ ἐσχετλίαζε πρὸς ὑμᾶς, δεινὰ φάσκων πάσχειν καὶ παρανομεῖσθαι, εἰ μή τις αὐτῷ τὴν δίκην ψηφιεῖται εἰσαγώγιμον εἶναι, ἐμπορικὴν οὖσαν. ἔπειτα, ὦ Λάκριτε, σοὶ μὲν τοῦτο δίκαιον δοκεῖ εἶναι, ἐμοὶ δὲ διὰ τί οὐκ ἔσται; οὐχ ἅπασιν ἡμῖν οἱ αὐτοὶ νόμοι γεγραμμένοι εἰσὶν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ δίκαιον περὶ τῶν ἐμπορικῶν δικῶν;
46. But he is a man so vile, so surpassing all human kind in baseness, that he seeks to induce you to vote that this mercantile action cannot be brought when you are now sitting to judge mercantile suits. What is it you would have, Lacritus? Is it not enough that we should be robbed of the money we lent you but should we also be given over to prison by you, if we do not pay the costs adjudged against us?
46. ἀλλʼ οὕτως βδελυρός τίς ἐστι καὶ ὑπερβάλλων ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους τῷ πονηρὸς εἶναι, ὥστʼ ἐπιχειρεῖ πείθειν ὑμᾶς ψηφίσασθαι μὴ εἰσαγώγιμον εἶναι τὴν ἐμπορικὴν δίκην ταύτην, δικαζόντων ὑμῶν νυνὶ τὰς ἐμπορικὰς δίκας. ἀλλὰ τί κελεύεις, ὦ Λάκριτε; μὴ ἱκανὸν εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἀποστερεῖσθαι ἃ ἐδανείσαμεν χρήματα ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον παραδοθῆναι ὑφʼ ὑμῶν προσοφλόντας τὰ ἐπιτίμια, ἐὰν μὴ ἐκτίνωμεν.
47. Would it not be outrageous, and cruel, and shameful, for you, men of the jury, if those who have lent money in your port for an adventure overseas, and have been defrauded of it, should be led off to prison by those who borrowed and are seeking to evade payment? Is it this, Lacritus, that you would have these gentlemen sanction? But, men of the jury, where are we to obtain justice in the matter of commercial contracts? Before what magistrates, or at what time? Before the Eleven? But they bring into court burglars and thieves and other evil-doers who are charged with capital crimes. Before the Archon?
47. καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἂν δεινὸν εἴη καὶ σχέτλιον καὶ αἰσχρὸν ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἰ οἱ δανείσαντες ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ χρήματα ναυτικὰ καὶ ἀποστερούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν δανεισαμένων καὶ ἀποστερούντων ἀπάγοιντο εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον; ταῦτʼ ἐστίν, ὦ Λάκριτε, ἃ τουτουσὶ πείθεις. ἀλλὰ ποῦ χρὴ λαβεῖν δίκην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, περὶ τῶν ἐμπορικῶν συμβολαίων; παρὰ ποίᾳ ἀρχῇ ἢ ἐν τίνι χρόνῳ; παρὰ τοῖς ἕνδεκα; ἀλλὰ τοιχωρύχους καὶ κλέπτας καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κακούργους τοὺς ἐπὶ θανάτῳ οὗτοι εἰσάγουσιν.
48. But it is for heiresses, and orphans, and parents that the Archon is appointed to care. Then before the King-archon? But we are not gymnesiarchs, nor are we indicting anyone for impiety. Or will the Polemarch bring us into court? Yes, for disregard of a patron, or for having no patron. Well then, the Generals are left. But they appoint the trierarchs; they bring no mercantile suits into court.
48. ἀλλὰ παρὰ τῷ ἄρχοντι; οὐκοῦν ἐπικλήρων καὶ ὀρφανῶν καὶ τῶν τοκέων τῷ ἄρχοντι προστέτακται ἐπιμελεῖσθαι. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐσμὲν γυμνασίαρχοι, οὐδὲ ἀσεβείας οὐδένα γραφόμεθα. ἀλλʼ ὁ πολέμαρχος εἰσάξει. ἀποστασίου γε καὶ ἀπροστασίου. οὐκοῦν ὑπόλοιπόν ἐστιν οἱ στρατηγοί. ἀλλὰ τοὺς τριηράρχους καθιστᾶσιν, ἐμπορικὴν δὲ δίκην οὐδεμίαν εἰσάγουσιν.
49. I, however, am a merchant, and you are the brother and heir of a merchant, who got from me money for a mercantile venture. Before whom, then, should this suit be entered? Tell me, Lacritus; only say what is just and according to law. But there lives no man clever enough to be able to say anything that is just in connection with a case like yours.
49. ἐγὼ δʼ εἰμὶ ἔμπορος, καὶ σὺ ἀδελφὸς καὶ κληρονόμος ἑνὸς τῶν ἐμπόρων, τοῦ λαβόντος παρʼ ἡμῶν τὰ ἐμπορικὰ χρήματα. ποῖ οὖν δεῖ ταύτην εἰσελθεῖν τὴν δίκην; δίδαξον, ὦ Λάκριτε, μόνον δίκαιόν τι λέγων καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω δεινὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐδεὶς ὅστις ἂν περὶ τοιούτων πραγμάτων ἔχοι τι δίκαιον εἰπεῖν.
50. It is not in these matters only, men of the jury, that I have suffered outrageous wrongs at the hands of this man Lacritus; for, besides being defrauded of my money, I should have been brought into the gravest danger, so far as his power went, if the agreement made with these men had not come to my aid by bearing witness that I lent the money for a voyage to Pontus and back to Athens. For you know, men of the jury, how severe the law is, if any Athenian transports corn to any other port than the port of Athens, or lends money for use in any market save that of Athens; you know what penalties there are in such cases, and how severe and to be dreaded they are.
50. οὐ τοίνυν ταῦτα μόνον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δεινὰ ἐγὼ πάσχω ὑπὸ Λακρίτου τουτουί, ἀλλὰ καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ ἀποστερεῖσθαι τὰ χρήματα καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἐσχάτους ἂν κινδύνους ἀφικόμην τὸ τούτου μέρος, εἰ μή μοι ἡ συγγραφὴ ἐβοήθει ἡ πρὸς τούτους, καὶ ἐμαρτύρει ὅτι εἰς τὸν Πόντον ἔδωκα τὰ χρήματα καὶ πάλιν Ἀθήναζε. ἴστε γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸν νόμον ὡς χαλεπός ἐστιν, ἐάν τις Ἀθηναίων ἄλλοσέ ποι σιτηγήσῃ ἢ Ἀθήναζε, ἢ χρήματα δανείσῃ εἰς ἄλλο τι ἐμπόριον ἢ τὸ Ἀθηναίων, οἷαι ζημίαι περὶ τούτων εἰσίν, ὡς μεγάλαι καὶ δειναί.
51. However, read them the law itself, that they may have more exact information. The Law “It shall be unlawful for any Athenian or any alien residing at Athens or for any person over whom they have control, to lend money on any vessel which is not going to bring to Athens grain or the other articles specifically mentioned. And if any man lends out money contrary to this decree, information and an account of the money shall be laid before the harbor-masters in the same manner as is provided in regard to the ship and the grain. And he shall have no right to bring action for the money which he has lent for a voyage to any other place than to Athens, and no magistrate shall bring any such suit to trial.”
51. μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνάγνωθι αὐτοῖς τὸν νόμον, ἵνʼ ἀκριβέστερον μάθωσιν. ΝΟΜΟΣ ἀργύριον δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι ἐκδοῦναι Ἀθηναίων καὶ τῶν μετοίκων τῶν Ἀθήνησι μετοικούντων μηδενί, μηδὲ ὧν οὗτοι κύριοί εἰσιν, εἰς ναῦν ἥτις ἂν μὴ μέλλῃ ἄξειν σῖτον Ἀθήναζε, καὶ τἄλλα τὰ γεγραμμένα περὶ ἑκάστου αὐτῶν. ἐὰν δέ τις ἐκδῷ παρὰ ταῦτα, εἶναι τὴν φάσιν καὶ τὴν ἀπογραφὴν τοῦ ἀργυρίου πρὸς τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς, καθάπερ τῆς νεὼς καὶ τοῦ σίτου εἴρηται, κατὰ ταὐτά. καὶ δίκη αὐτῷ μὴ ἔστω περὶ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, ὃ ἂν ἐκδῷ ἄλλοσέ ποι ἢ Ἀθήναζε, μηδὲ ἀρχὴ εἰσαγέτω περὶ τούτου μηδεμία.
52. The law, men of the jury, is thus severe. But these men, the most abominable of humankind, although it stands expressly written in the agreement that the money should come back to Athens, allowed what they borrowed from us at Athens to be conveyed to Chios. For when the Phaselite shipowner wanted to borrow other money in Pontus from a certain Chian, and the Chian declared he would not lend it unless he should receive as security all the goods which the shipowner had on board or in his keeping, and unless those who had made the former loan should consent to this, these men nevertheless permitted these goods of ours to become security for the Chian, and put them all into his control.
52. ὁ μὲν νόμος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὕτω χαλεπός ἐστιν· οὗτοι δὲ οἱ μιαρώτατοι ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων, γεγραμμένον διαρρήδην ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ Ἀθήναζε πάλιν ἥκειν τὰ χρήματα, εἰς Χίον ἐπέτρεψαν καταχθῆναι ἃ ἐδανείσαντο Ἀθήνηθεν παρʼ ἡμῶν. δανειζομένου γὰρ ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ τοῦ ναυκλήρου τοῦ Φασηλίτου ἕτερα χρήματα παρά τινος Χίου ἀνθρώπου, οὐ φάσκοντος δὲ τοῦ Χίου δανείσειν, ἐὰν μὴ ὑποθήκην λάβῃ ἅπαντα ὅσα ἦν περὶ τὸν ναύκληρον, καὶ ἐπιτρέπωσι ταῦτα οἱ πρότερον δεδανεικότες, ἐπέτρεψαν ταῦτα ὑποθήκην γενέσθαι τῷ Χίῳ τὰ ἡμέτερα καὶ κύριον ἐκεῖνον γενέσθαι ἁπάντων, καὶ οὕτως ἀπέπλεον ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου μετὰ τοῦ Φασηλίτου ναυκλήρου καὶ μετὰ τοῦ Χίου τοῦ δεδανεικότος, καὶ ὁρμίζονται ἐν φωρῶν λιμένι, εἰς δὲ τὸ ὑμέτερον ἐμπόριον οὐχ ὡρμίσαντο.
53. On these terms they sailed back from Pontus with the Phaselite shipowner and the Chian who had made the loan, and put into Thieves’ Harbor, without anchoring in your port. And now, men of the jury, money which was lent for a voyage from Athens to Pontus and back again from Pontus to Athens has been brought to Chios by these men.
53. καὶ νυνί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὰ Ἀθήνηθεν δανεισθέντα χρήματα εἰς τὸν Πόντον καὶ πάλιν ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου Ἀθήναζε εἰς Χίον κατηγμένα ἐστὶν ὑπὸ τούτων.
54. It is, therefore, just as I assumed at the beginning of my speech—you are wronged no less than we who lent the money. Consider, men of the jury, how the wrong touches you also. When a man seeks to set himself above your laws, and makes of no effect nautical agreements, but does away with them, and has sent away to Chios money lent here on our exchange, is it not clear that such a man wrongs you as well as us?
54. ὅπερ οὖν ἐν ἀρχῇ ὑπεθέμην τοῦ λόγου, ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀδικεῖσθε οὐδὲν ἧττον τῶν δόντων ἡμῶν τὰ χρήματα. σκοπεῖτε δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πῶς οὐκ ἀδικεῖσθε, ἐπειδάν τις τῶν νόμων τῶν ὑμετέρων κρείττων ἐγχειρῇ εἶναι, καὶ τὰς συγγραφὰς τὰς ναυτικὰς ἀκύρους ποιῇ καὶ καταλύῃ, καὶ τὰ χρήματα τὰ παρʼ ἡμῶν εἰς Χίον ᾖ διαπεσταλκώς, πῶς οὐκ ἀδικεῖ ὁ τοιοῦτος ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὑμᾶς;
55. My words, men of the jury, are addressed to these people only, for it was to them that I lent the money. It will remain for them to deal with that Phaselite shipowner, their own countryman, to whom they say they lent the money unknown to us and contrary to the agreement. For we do not know what transactions were entered into by them with their countryman; but they know themselves.
55. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρὸς τούτους ὁ λόγος (τούτοις γὰρ ἔδωκα τὰ χρήματα)· τούτοις δʼ ἔσται πρὸς τὸν ναύκληρον ἐκεῖνον τὸν Φασηλίτην, τὸν πολίτην τὸν αὑτῶν, ᾧ φασὶν δανεῖσαι τὰ χρήματα ἄνευ ἡμῶν παρὰ τὴν συγγραφήν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν τίνα ἐστὶν τὰ πεπραγμένα τούτοις πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτῶν πολίτην, ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ οὗτοι ἴσασιν.
56. This we hold to be a just course; and we beg you, men of the jury, to come to the aid of us who are being wronged, and to punish those who devise evil and resort to sophistries, as these men do. If you do this, you will be found to have decided in accordance with your own interests, and will rid yourselves of all the rascalities of unprincipled men, which certain ones of them are employing in regard to maritime contracts.
56. ταῦτα ἡγούμεθα δίκαια εἶναι, καὶ ὑμῶν δεόμεθα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βοηθεῖν ἡμῖν τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις, καὶ κολάζειν τοὺς κακοτεχνοῦντας καὶ σοφιζομένους, ὥσπερ οὗτοι σοφίζονται. καὶ ἐὰν ταῦτα ποιῆτε, ὑμῖν τε αὐτοῖς τὰ συμφέροντα ἔσεσθε ἐψηφισμένοι, καὶ περιαιρήσεσθε τῶν πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων τὰς πανουργίας ἁπάσας, ἃς ἔνιοι πανουργοῦσι περὶ τὰ συμβόλαια τὰ ναυτικά.