114. I, however, will explain the case to you, as truth and justice demand. There were, men of Athens, plenty of zealous citizens in former generations, and our city even then honored its good men; only honors then, like everything else, reflected the temper of the times, just as they now reflect the temper of today. And why do I say this? Because for myself I should be inclined to assert that they did get from the State everything that they wished.
114. ὡς δὲ τἀληθές τʼ ἔχει καὶ δίκαιόν ἐστι λέγειν, ἐγὼ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐρῶ. ἦσαν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πολλοὶ τῶν πρότερον σπουδαῖοι, καὶ ἡ πόλις ἡμῶν ἐτίμα καὶ τότε τοὺς ἀγαθούς· αἱ μέντοι τιμαὶ καὶ τἄλλα πάντα τὰ μὲν τότʼ ἦν ἐπὶ τοῖς τότʼ ἔθεσιν, τὰ δὲ νῦν ἐπὶ τοῖς νῦν. πρὸς οὖν τί τοῦτο λέγω; ὅτι φήσαιμʼ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐκείνους οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅτου παρὰ τῆς πόλεως οὐ τυχεῖν ὧν ἐβουλήθησαν.
115. What is my evidence? Lysimachus, only one of the worthies of that day, received a hundred roods of orchard in Euboea and a hundred of arable land, besides a hundred minas of silver and a pension of four drachmas a day. And the decree in which these gifts are recorded stands in the name of Alcibiades. For then our city was rich in lands and money, though now—she will be rich some day; for I must put it in that way to avoid anything like obloquy. Yet today who, think you, would not prefer a third of that reward to mere immunity? To prove the truth of my words, please take the decree. [The decree is read] Now this decree, Athenians, proves that your ancestors, like yourselves, were accustomed to honor good men; if they used different methods from ours today, that is another matter.
115. τίνι χρώμενος τεκμηρίῳ; ὅτι Λυσιμάχῳ δωρειάν, ἑνὶ τῶν τότε χρησίμων, ἑκατὸν μὲν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ πλέθρα γῆς πεφυτευμένης ἔδοσαν, ἑκατὸν δὲ ψιλῆς, ἔτι δʼ ἀργυρίου μνᾶς ἑκατόν, καὶ τέτταρας τῆς ἡμέρας δραχμάς. καὶ τούτων ψήφισμʼ ἔστιν Ἀλκιβιάδου, ἐν ᾧ ταῦτα γέγραπται. τότε μὲν γὰρ ἡ πόλις ἡμῶν καὶ γῆς ηὐπόρει καὶ χρημάτων, νῦν δʼ εὐπορήσει· δεῖ γὰρ οὕτω λέγειν καὶ μὴ βλασφημεῖν. καίτοι τίνʼ οὐκ ἂν οἴεσθε νῦν τὸ τρίτον μέρος τούτων ἀντὶ τῆς ἀτελείας ἑλέσθαι; ὅτι τοίνυν ἀληθῆ λέγω, λαβέ μοι τὸ ψήφισμα τουτί. ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ.
116. So even if we should admit that neither Lysimachus nor anyone else gained anything from our ancestors, does that make it any fairer in us to rob the men whom we have just rewarded? For there is nothing outrageous in withholding what one never dreamed of giving; but it is an outrage to give and afterwards take back one’s gift, with no fault alleged. Prove to me that our ancestors ever took back the gifts they had bestowed, and you too have my leave to do the same, though the disgrace remains none the less; but if no one can cite an instance from the whole course of our history, why is such a precedent to be set in our generation?
116. ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ τοῖς προγόνοις ὑμῶν ἔθος ἦν τοὺς χρηστοὺς τιμᾶν, δηλοῖ τὸ ψήφισμα τουτί· εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῖς αὐτοῖς οἷσπερ ἡμεῖς νῦν, ἕτερόν τι τοῦτʼ ἂν εἴη. εἰ τοίνυν μήτε Λυσίμαχον μήτʼ ἄλλον μηδένα μηδὲν εὑρῆσθαι παρὰ τῶν προγόνων ἡμῶν συγχωρήσαιμεν, τί μᾶλλον, οἷς ἔδομεν νῦν ἡμεῖς, διὰ τοῦτο δικαίως ἂν ἀφαιρεθεῖεν; οὐ γὰρ οἱ μὴ δόντες ἃ μὴ ʼδόκει δεινόν εἰσιν οὐδὲν εἰργασμένοι, ἀλλʼ οἱ δόντες μέν, πάλιν δʼ ὕστερον μηδὲν ἐγκαλοῦντες ἀφαιρούμενοι. εἰ μὲν γάρ τις ἔχει δεῖξαι κἀκείνους ὧν ἔδοσάν τῴ τι, τοῦτʼ ἀφῃρημένους, συγχωρῶ καὶ ὑμᾶς ταὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, καίτοι τοῦτό γʼ αἰσχρὸν ὁμοίως· εἰ δὲ μηδʼ ἂν εἷς ἐν ἅπαντι τῷ χρόνῳ τοῦτʼ ἔχοι δεῖξαι γεγονός, τίνος εἵνεκʼ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πρώτων καταδειχθῇ τοιοῦτον ἔργον;
118. Again, men of Athens, you must also consider well and carefully the fact that you have come into court today, sworn to give your verdict according to the laws, not of Sparta or Thebes, nor those of our earliest ancestors, but those under which immunities were granted to the men whom Leptines is now trying to rob by his law; and where there are no statutes to guide you, you are sworn to decide according to the best of your judgement. So far, so good. Then you must apply these principles to the law as a whole.
118. χρὴ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κἀκεῖνʼ ἐνθυμεῖσθαι καὶ ὁρᾶν, ὅτι νῦν ὀμωμοκότες κατὰ τοὺς νόμους δικάσειν ἥκετε, οὐχὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίων οὐδὲ Θηβαίων, οὐδʼ οἷς ποτʼ ἐχρήσανθʼ οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν προγόνων, ἀλλὰ καθʼ οὓς ἔλαβον τὰς ἀτελείας οὓς ἀφαιρεῖται νῦν οὗτος τῷ νόμῳ, καὶ περὶ ὧν ἂν νόμοι μὴ ὦσι, γνώμῃ τῇ δικαιοτάτῃ κρινεῖν. καλῶς. τὸ τοίνυν τῆς γνώμης πρὸς ἅπαντʼ ἀνενέγκατε τὸν νόμον.
119. Is it right, Athenians, to honor your benefactors? It is. Well then, is it right to allow a man to keep what has once been given him? It is. Then, to observe your oaths, act on that principle yourselves; resent the imputation that your ancestors acted otherwise; and as for those who cite such instances, alleging that your ancestors rewarded no man for great benefits received, look upon them as both knaves and dullards—knaves, because they falsely charge your ancestors with ingratitude; fools, because they do not see that were the charge proved to the hilt, it would better become them to deny than to repeat it.
119. ἆρʼ οὖν δίκαιον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοὺς εὐεργέτας τιμᾶν; δίκαιον. τί δέ; ὅσʼ ἂν δῷ τις ἅπαξ, δίκαιον ἔχειν ἐᾶν; δίκαιον. ταῦτα τοίνυν αὐτοί τε ποιεῖτε, ἵνʼ εὐορκῆτε, καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ὀργίζεσθʼ ἂν μή τις φῇ ποιεῖν, καὶ τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντας παραδείγματα, ὡς ἄρʼ ἐκεῖνοι μεγάλʼ εὖ παθόντες οὐδένʼ ἐτίμησαν, καὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ἡγεῖσθʼ εἶναι, πονηροὺς μὲν διότι καταψεύδονται τῶν προγόνων ὑμῶν ὡς ἀχαρίστων, ἀμαθεῖς δὲ διότι ἐκεῖνʼ ἀγνοοῦσιν, ὅτι εἰ τὰ μάλιστα ταῦθʼ οὕτως εἶχεν, ἀρνεῖσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ λέγειν αὐτοῖς προσῆκεν.
120. Now I expect that another argument of Leptines will be that his law does not deprive the recipients of their inscriptions and their free maintenance, nor the State of the right to confer honor on those who deserve it, but that it will still be in your power to set up statues and grant maintenance and anything else you wish, except this one privilege. But with respect to the powers that he will pretend to leave to the State, I have just this to say. As soon as you take away one of the privileges you have already granted, you will shake the credit of all the rest. For how can the grant of a statue or of free maintenance be more indefeasible than that of an immunity, which you will seem to have first given and then taken away?
120. οἴομαι τοίνυν καὶ τοῦτον τὸν λόγον Λεπτίνην ἐρεῖν, ὡς τὰς εἰκόνας καὶ τὴν σίτησιν οὐκ ἀφαιρεῖται τῶν εἰληφότων ὁ νόμος, οὐδὲ τῆς πόλεως τὸ τιμᾶν τοὺς ὄντας ἀξίους, ἀλλʼ ἔσται χαλκοῦς ἱστάναι καὶ σίτησιν διδόναι καὶ ἄλλʼ ὅ τι ἂν βούλησθε, πλὴν τούτου. ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπὲρ ὧν μὲν τῇ πόλει καταλείπειν φήσει, τοσοῦτο λέγω· ὅταν ὧν ἐδώκατέ τῳ πρότερόν τι, τοῦτʼ ἀφέλησθε, καὶ τὰς ὑπολοίπους ἀπίστους ποιήσετε πάσας δωρειάς. τί γὰρ ἔσται πιστότερον τὸ τῆς εἰκόνος ἢ τῆς σιτήσεως ἢ τὸ τῆς ἀτελείας, ἣν πρότερόν τισι δόντες ἀφῃρημένοι φανεῖσθε;
121. Further, even if this difficulty were not likely to arise, I cannot think that it is well to bring the State into this dilemma, that it must either put all citizens on an equality with its greatest benefactors, or to avoid this must treat some with ingratitude. Now as for great benefactions, it is not well that you should have many opportunities of receiving them, nor is it perhaps easy for an individual to confer them;
121. ἔτι δʼ εἰ μηδὲν ἔμελλε τοῦτʼ ἔσεσθαι δυσχερές, οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνο καλῶς ἔχειν ἡγοῦμαι, εἰς τοιαύτην ἄγειν ἀνάγκην τὴν πόλιν διʼ ἧς ἅπαντας ἐξ ἴσου τῶν αὐτῶν ἀξιώσει τοῖς τὰ μέγιστʼ εὐεργετοῦσιν, ἢ μὴ τοῦτο ποιοῦσα χάριν τισὶν οὐκ ἀποδώσει. μεγάλων μὲν οὖν εὐεργεσιῶν οὔθʼ ὑμῖν συμφέρει συμβαίνειν πολλάκις καιρόν, οὔτʼ ἴσως ῥᾴδιον αἰτίῳ γενέσθαι·
122. but the humbler duties to which one can rise in time of peace and in the civil sphere—loyalty, justice, zeal and the like—it is, in my opinion, both well and necessary that they should be rewarded. Grants ought, therefore, to be so apportioned that each man may receive from the people the exact reward that he deserves.
122. μετρίων δὲ καὶ ὧν ἂν ἐν εἰρήνῃ τις καὶ πολιτείᾳ δύναιτʼ ἐφικέσθαι, εὐνοίας, δικαιοσύνης, ἐπιμελείας, τῶν τοιούτων, καὶ συμφέρειν ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ καὶ χρῆναι διδόναι τὰς τιμάς. δεῖ τοίνυν μεμερίσθαι καὶ τὰ τῶν δωρειῶν, ἵνʼ ἧς ἂν ἄξιος ὢν ἕκαστος φαίνηται, ταύτην παρὰ τοῦ δήμου λαμβάνῃ τὴν δωρειάν.
123. And then again, with regard to what he will say about leaving their honors to those who have received them, some would have a perfectly plain and straightforward answer, when they claim their right to all their rewards, because they were granted for the same service, but the others will reply that the man who says that he leaves them anything is mocking them. For if a man has been thought to deserve immunity and has received that from you as his sole reward, be he foreigner or citizen, what reward has he left, Leptines, if that is taken from him? None whatever! Then you have no right to rob some because you arraign the worthlessness of the others, or to rob one class of their sole reward because you say that you are going to leave the other class something.
123. ἀλλὰ μὴν ὑπὲρ ὧν γε τοῖς εὑρημένοις τὰς τιμὰς καταλείπειν φήσει, οἱ μὲν ἁπλᾶ πάνυ καὶ δίκαιʼ ἂν εἴποιεν, πάνθʼ ὅσα τῶν αὐτῶν ἕνεκʼ αὐτοῖς ἔδοτʼ εὐεργεσιῶν ἀξιοῦντες ἔχειν, οἱ δὲ φενακίζειν τὸν ὡς καταλείπεται λέγοντά τι αὐτοῖς. ὁ γὰρ ἄξια τῆς ἀτελείας εὖ πεποιηκέναι δόξας καὶ ταύτην παρʼ ὑμῶν λαβὼν τὴν τιμὴν μόνην, ἢ ξένος ἢ καί τις πολίτης, ἐπειδὰν ἀφαιρεθῇ ταύτην, τίνʼ ἔχει λοιπὴν δωρειάν, Λεπτίνη; οὐδεμίαν δήπου. μὴ τοίνυν διὰ μὲν τοῦ τῶνδε κατηγορεῖν ὡς φαύλων ἐκείνους ἀφαιροῦ, διʼ ἃ δʼ αὖ καταλείπειν ἐκείνοις φήσεις, τούσδʼ ὃ μόνον λαβόντες ἔχουσι, τοῦτʼ ἀφέλῃ.
124. To put it plainly, the danger is not that of doing a greater or less injustice to one member of the whole body, but that of rendering precarious the honors with which we reward men’s services, nor is immunity the main topic of my speech, but the evil precedent which this law will establish, so that there will be no security for the nation’s gifts.
124. ὡς δʼ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, οὐκ, εἰ τῶν πάντων ἀδικήσομέν τινʼ ἢ μείζονʼ ἢ ἐλάττονα, δεινόν ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ εἰ τὰς τιμάς, αἷς ἂν ἀντʼ εὖ ποιήσωμέν τινας, ἀπίστους καταστήσομεν· οὐδʼ ὁ πλεῖστος ἔμοιγε λόγος περὶ τῆς ἀτελείας ἐστίν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ τοῦ πονηρὸν ἔθος τὸν νόμον εἰσάγειν καὶ τοιοῦτον διʼ οὗ πάντʼ ἄπισθʼ ὅσʼ ὁ δῆμος δίδωσιν ἔσται.
125. Again, the most unscrupulous argument that they have framed, as they think, to persuade you to withdraw the immunities, is one which I had better explain for fear you should be their innocent dupes. They are going to claim that all such payments are religious dues, and that of course it is monstrous that anyone should be exempt from the dues of religion. For my part, I see no unfairness in such exemption, if the people have bestowed it; the really monstrous thing is the course which they propose, if that is to be their argument.
125. ὃν τοίνυν κακουργότατον οἴονται λόγον εὑρηκέναι πρὸς τὸ τὰς ἀτελείας ὑμᾶς ἀφελέσθαι πεῖσαι, βέλτιόν ἐστι προειπεῖν, ἵνα μὴ λάθητʼ ἐξαπατηθέντες. ἐροῦσʼ ὅτι ταῦθʼ ἱερῶν ἐστιν ἅπαντα τἀναλώματα [αἱ χορηγίαι καὶ αἱ γυμνασιαρχίαι]· δεινὸν οὖν, εἰ τῶν ἱερῶν ἀτελής τις ἀφεθήσεται. ἐγὼ δὲ τὸ μέν τινας, οἷς ὁ δῆμος ἔδωκεν, ἀτελεῖς εἶναι τούτων δίκαιον ἡγοῦμαι, ὃ δὲ νῦν οὗτοι ποιήσουσιν, ἐὰν ἄρα ταῦτα λέγωσι, τοῦτʼ εἶναι δεινὸν νομίζω.
126. For if by appealing to the name of the gods they try to justify a robbery which they cannot justify otherwise, will not that be most impious and monstrous conduct? In my opinion, whenever a man appeals solemnly to the gods, his conduct ought to be clearly such as would not appear base even if supported only by human authority. Now that there is a difference between exemption from religious duties and exemption from public services, and that the defendants are trying to deceive you by transferring the name of public services to religious acts, I shall adduce Leptines himself as my witness.
126. εἰ γὰρ ἃ [κατὰ] μηδένʼ ἄλλον ἔχουσι τρόπον δεῖξαι δίκαιον ὑμᾶς ἀφελέσθαι, ταῦτʼ ἐπὶ τῷ τῶν θεῶν ὀνόματι ποιεῖν ζητήσουσιν, πῶς οὐκ ἀσεβέστατον ἔργον καὶ δεινότατον πράξουσιν; χρὴ γάρ, ὡς γοῦν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ὅσα τις πράττει τοὺς θεοὺς ἐπιφημίζων, τοιαῦτα φαίνεσθαι οἷα μηδʼ ἂν ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπου πραχθέντα πονηρὰ φανείη. ὅτι δʼ οὐκ ἔστι ταὐτὸν ἱερῶν ἀτέλειαν ἔχειν καὶ λῃτουργιῶν, ἀλλʼ οὗτοι τὸ τῶν λῃτουργιῶν ὄνομʼ ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν ἱερῶν μεταφέροντες ἐξαπατᾶν ζητοῦσι, Λεπτίνην ὑμῖν αὐτὸν ἐγὼ παρασχήσομαι μάρτυρα.
127. For the first clause of the law says “Leptines proposed that, to the end that the wealthiest citizens may perform the public services, none shall be immune save and except the descendants of Harmodius and Aristogiton.” But if immunity from religious duties were the same as immunity from public services, what was the object of that clause? For immunity from religious duties has never been granted even to the persons here named. To prove that this is so, please take and read the copy of the inscription and then the beginning of the law of Leptines. [The copy of the inscription is read] You hear the copy of the inscription, men of Athens, ordering them to be immune, save from religious duties.
127. γράφων γὰρ ἀρχὴν τοῦ νόμου Λεπτίνης εἶπεν φησίν, ὅπως ἂν οἱ πλουσιώτατοι λῃτουργῶσιν, ἀτελῆ μηδένʼ εἶναι πλὴν τῶν ἀφʼ Ἁρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος. καίτοι εἰ ἦν ἱερῶν ἀτέλειαν ἔχειν ταὐτὸ καὶ λῃτουργιῶν, τί τοῦτο μαθὼν προσέγραψεν; οὐδὲ γὰρ τούτοις ἀτέλεια τῶν γʼ ἱερῶν ἐστιν δεδομένη. ἵνα δʼ εἰδῆθʼ ὅτι ταῦτα τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον, λαβέ μοι πρῶτον μὲν τῆς στήλης τἀντίγραφα, εἶτα τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ νόμου τοῦ Λεπτίνου. λέγε. ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΑ ΣΤΗΛΗΣ.
128. Now read the beginning of the law of Leptines. [The law is read Good; stop there. After the words “to the end that the wealthiest citizens may perform the public services,” he added “no one shall be immune save and except, the descendants of Harmodius and Aristogiton.” Why so, if to pay for a religious rite is to perform a public service? For if that is his meaning, his own drafting will be found to contradict the inscription.
128. ἀκούετε τῶν ἀντιγράφων τῆς στήλης, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἀτελεῖς αὐτοὺς εἶναι κελευόντων πλὴν ἱερῶν. λέγε δὴ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ νόμου τοῦ Λεπτίνου. ΝΟΜΟΣ. καλῶς· κατάθες. γράψας ὅπως ἂν οἱ πλουσιώτατοι λῃτουργῶσι, μηδένʼ εἶναι προσέγραψεν ἀτελῆ πλὴν τῶν ἀφʼ Ἁρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος. τίνος ἕνεκα, εἴ γε τὸ τῶν ἱερῶν τέλος ἐστὶ λῃτουργεῖν; αὐτὸς γὰρ οὑτωσὶ τἀναντία τῇ στήλῃ γεγραφώς, ἂν τοῦτο λέγῃ, φανήσεται.
129. Now I should like to put a question to Leptines. When you say that the public services come under the head of religious dues, in what, according to you, did the immunity consist, which our ancestors then granted and you now leave untouched? For by the old laws they are not immune from all the special war-taxes or from the equipment of war-galleys; and they enjoy no immunity from the state services, since they are included in the religious duties.
129. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην· τίνος αὐτοῖς τὴν ἀτέλειαν ἢ σὺ νῦν καταλείπειν φήσεις ἢ ἐκείνους τότε δοῦναι, τὰς λῃτουργίας ὅταν εἶναι φῇς ἱερῶν; τῶν μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὸν πόλεμον πασῶν εἰσφορῶν καὶ τριηραρχιῶν ἐκ τῶν παλαιῶν νόμων οὐκ εἴσʼ ἀτελεῖς· τῶν δὲ λῃτουργιῶν, εἴπερ εἴσʼ ἱερῶν, οὐδʼ ἔχουσιν.
130. And yet the inscription says that they shall be immune. From what? From the tax on resident aliens, since nothing else is left? Of course not. It is from the regularly recurring services, as the inscription shows, as your law further specifies, and as all history witnesses. During all that length of time no tribe has ever ventured to nominate one of these descendants as chorus-master, and no one nominated has ever ventured to challenge them to an exchange of property. If Leptines dares to deny it, you must pay no heed to him.
130. ἀλλὰ μὴν γέγραπταί γʼ ἀτελεῖς αὐτοὺς εἶναι. τίνος; ἢ τοῦ μετοικίου; τοῦτο γὰρ λοιπόν. οὐ δήπου, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐγκυκλίων λῃτουργιῶν, ὡς ἥ τε στήλη δηλοῖ καὶ σὺ προσδιώρισας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ καὶ μαρτυρεῖ πᾶς ὁ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνος γεγονώς, ἐν ᾧ τοσούτῳ τὸ πλῆθος ὄντι οὔτε φυλὴ πώποτʼ ἐνεγκεῖν ἐτόλμησεν οὐδεμίʼ οὐδένα τῶν ἀπʼ ἐκείνων χορηγόν, οὔτʼ ἐνεχθεὶς αὐτοῖς ἄλλος οὐδεὶς ἀντιδοῦναι. οἷς οὐκ ἀκουστέον ἂν ἐναντία τολμᾷ λέγειν.
131. Again, perhaps they will say in their haphazard style that some citizens, by claiming to be Megarians and Messenians, at once gain immunity, whole crowds at a time, to say nothing of slaves and jailbirds like Lycidas and Dionysius; such are the examples they select. When they hold such language, deal with them thus. Tell them, if they are speaking the truth, to produce the decrees which contain these men’s immunity; for no one in your city enjoys immunity unless granted by some decree or law.
131. ἔτι τοίνυν ἴσως ἐπισύροντες ἐροῦσιν ὡς Μεγαρεῖς καὶ Μεσσήνιοί τινες εἶναι φάσκοντες, ἔπειτʼ ἀτελεῖς εἰσιν, ἁθρόοι παμπληθεῖς ἄνθρωποι, καί τινες ἄλλοι δοῦλοι καὶ μαστιγίαι, Λυκίδας καὶ Διονύσιος, καὶ τοιούτους τινὰς ἐξειλεγμένοι. ὑπὲρ δὴ τούτων ὡδὶ ποιήσαθʼ ὅταν ταῦτα λέγωσι· κελεύετʼ, εἴπερ ἀληθῆ λέγουσι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τὰ ψηφίσματʼ ἐν οἷς ἀτελεῖς εἰσιν οὗτοι δεῖξαι. οὐ γάρ ἐστʼ οὐδεὶς ἀτελὴς παρʼ ὑμῖν ὅτῳ μὴ ψήφισμʼ ἢ νόμος δέδωκε τὴν ἀτέλειαν.
132. Many such men, however, have been proclaimed Friends of the State here at the instance of your politicians Lycidas, for example. But it is one thing to be a Friend of the State and another to enjoy immunity. Be not misled by them. Because slaves, like Lycidas and Dionysius and perhaps one other, were made Friends of the State by men who are readily bribed to propose such decrees, they must not try to take away the gifts that you have justly bestowed on men of a different class—mentorious, freeborn, munificent benefactors.
132. πρόξενοι μέντοι πολλοὶ διὰ τῶν πολιτευομένων γεγόνασι παρʼ ὑμῖν τοιοῦτοι, ὧν εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Λυκίδας. ἀλλʼ ἕτερον πρόξενόν ἐστʼ εἶναι καὶ ἀτέλειαν εὑρῆσθαι. μὴ δὴ παραγόντων ὑμᾶς, μηδʼ, ὅτι δοῦλος ὢν ὁ Λυκίδας καὶ Διονύσιος καί τις ἴσως ἄλλος διὰ τοὺς μισθοῦ τὰ τοιαῦτα γράφοντας ἑτοίμως πρόξενοι γεγόνασι, διὰ τοῦθʼ ἑτέρους ἀξίους καὶ ἐλευθέρους καὶ πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν αἰτίους, ἃς ἔλαβον δικαίως παρʼ ὑμῶν δωρειὰς ἀφελέσθαι ζητούντων.
133. On this principle, what a gross insult it would be to Chabrias, if politicians of that stamp, not content with making his slave, Lycidas, a Friend of your State, should make the slave an excuse for taking back rewards conferred on the master, and that on a false plea! For neither Lycidas nor anyone else enjoys immunity as a Friend of the State, unless such immurity has been expressly conferred by the people. The men in question have not received it; I defy the defendants to prove it. If they have the effrontery to assert it, they will be acting dishonorably.
133. πῶς γὰρ οὐχὶ καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο δεινότατʼ ἂν πεπονθὼς ὁ Χαβρίας φανείη, εἰ μὴ μόνον ἐξαρκέσει τοῖς τὰ τοιαῦτα πολιτευομένοις τὸν ἐκείνου δοῦλον Λυκίδαν πρόξενον ὑμέτερον πεποιηκέναι, ἀλλʼ εἰ διὰ τοῦτον πάλιν καὶ τῶν ἐκείνῳ τι δοθέντων ἀφέλοιντο, καὶ ταῦτʼ αἰτίαν λέγοντες ψευδῆ; οὐ γάρ ἐστιν οὔθʼ οὗτος οὔτʼ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς πρόξενος ὢν ἀτελής, ὅτῳ μὴ διαρρήδην ἀτέλειαν ἔδωκεν ὁ δῆμος. τούτοις δʼ οὐ δέδωκεν, οὐδʼ ἕξουσιν οὗτοι δεικνύναι, λόγῳ δʼ ἂν ἀναισχυντῶσιν, οὐχὶ καλῶς ποιήσουσιν.
134. I now come to speak of a matter about which I feel bound, Athenians, to warn you most seriously. For even if one could admit the truth of all that Leptines will say in praise of his law, it would be impossible under any circumstances to wipe out one disgrace which his law, if ratified, will bring upon our city. To what do I refer? To the reputation of having cheated our benefactors.
134. ὃ τοίνυν μάλιστα πάντων οἶμαι δεῖν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, φυλάξασθαι, τοῦτʼ εἰπεῖν ἔτι βούλομαι. εἰ γάρ τις πάνθʼ ὅσα Λεπτίνης ἐρεῖ περὶ τοῦ νόμου διδάσκων ὑμᾶς ὡς καλῶς κεῖται, συγχωρήσειεν ἀληθῆ λέγειν αὐτόν, ἕν γʼ αἰσχρὸν οὐδʼ ἂν εἴ τι γένοιτʼ ἀναιρεθείη, ὃ συμβήσεται διὰ τοῦ νόμου κυρίου γενομένου τῇ πόλει. τί οὖν τοῦτʼ ἔστιν;
135. Now I think you would all agree that this is a distinct disgrace; how much worse in you than in others, hear me explain. You have an ancient law, one held in great respect, that if anyone deceives the people by false promises, he shall be brought to trial, and if convicted shall be punished with death. And are you not then ashamed, Athenians, to find yourselves doing the very thing for which you punish other men with death? Nay, but in everything it is right to take heed against doing whatever seems or is dishonorable, but especially in cases where a man is seen to be indignant with others. For there is no room left even for hesitation in avoiding acts which a man’s own judgement has already condemned.
135. τὸ δοκεῖν ἐξηπατηκέναι τοὺς ἀγαθόν τι ποιήσαντας. ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν τοῦθʼ ἕν τι τῶν αἰσχρῶν ἐστιν πάντας ἂν ἡγοῦμαι φῆσαι, ὅσῳ δʼ ὑμῖν αἴσχιον τῶν ἄλλων, ἀκούσατέ μου. ἔστιν ὑμῖν νόμος ἀρχαῖος, τῶν καλῶς δοκούντων ἔχειν, ἄν τις ὑποσχόμενός τι τὸν δῆμον ἐξαπατήσῃ, κρίνειν, κἂν ἁλῷ, θανάτῳ ζημιοῦν. εἶτʼ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ ἐφʼ ᾧ τοῖς ἄλλοις θάνατον ζημίαν ἐτάξατε, τοῦτʼ αὐτοὶ ποιοῦντες φανήσεσθε; καὶ μὴν πάντα μὲν εὐλαβεῖσθαι δεῖ ποιεῖν τὰ δοκοῦντα καὶ ὄντʼ αἰσχρά, μάλιστα δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐφʼ οἷς τοῖς ἄλλοις χαλεπῶς τις ἔχων ὁρᾶται· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀμφισβήτησις καταλείπεται τὸ μὴ ταῦτα ποιεῖν ἃ πονήρʼ αὐτὸς ἔκρινεν εἶναι πρότερον.
136. Then there is another precaution that you must take—to do nothing as a community which you would shun as individuals. Not a man among you would take away from another his own personal gifts, nor even dream of doing so. Then do not so in your public capacity, but tell the official defenders of this law that if they say that any of the recipients of these rewards is undeserving, or holds them under false pretences, or is open to any other charge, they should indict him under the amended law which we are now proposing, either when we have carried it through, as we guarantee and assert that we will, or when they have themselves carried it, that is, as soon as the legislative commission has been appointed.
136. ἔτι τοίνυν ὑμᾶς κἀκεῖνʼ εὐλαβεῖσθαι δεῖ, ὅπως μηδὲν ὧν ἰδίᾳ φυλάξαισθʼ ἄν, τοῦτο δημοσίᾳ ποιοῦντες φανήσεσθε. ὑμῶν τοίνυν οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς οὐδὲν ὧν ἰδίᾳ τινὶ δοίη, τοῦτʼ ἀφέλοιτο πάλιν, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐπιχειρήσειεν ἄν. μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ δημοσίᾳ τοῦτο ποιήσητε, ἀλλὰ κελεύετε τούτους τοὺς ἐροῦντας ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου, εἴ τινα τῶν εὑρημένων τὴν δωρειὰν ἀνάξιον εἶναί φασιν ἢ μὴ πεποιηκότʼ ἐφʼ οἷς εὕρετʼ ἔχειν, ἢ ἄλλʼ ὁτιοῦν ἐγκαλοῦσίν τινι, γράφεσθαι κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὃν παρεισφέρομεν νῦν ἡμεῖς, ἢ θέντων ἡμῶν, ὥσπερ ἐγγυώμεθα καὶ φαμὲν θήσειν, ἢ θέντας αὐτούς, ὅταν πρῶτον γένωνται νομοθέται.
137. But each defender of this law, it seems, has a personal enemy, whether Diophantus or Eubulus or someone else.
137. ἔστι δʼ ἑκάστῳ τις αὐτῶν, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἐχθρός, τῷ μὲν Διόφαντος, τῷ δʼ Εὔβουλος, τῷ δʼ ἴσως ἄλλος τις.
138. If they hang back and refuse to take this step, then consider, men of Athens, whether it is to your credit that you should be known to have taken away from your benefactors what not one of these men ventures to take from his personal enemy, and that you should pass a law to rob collectively of their rewards men who have served you well and whom no one dreams of indicting, when the handful of unworthy recipients, if there are any, could be dealt with just as effectively, if these men would impeach them and bring them to trial one by one. For it passes my comprehension how the present arrangement can consort with your honor and your dignity.
138. εἰ δὲ τοῦτο φεύξονται καὶ μὴ ʼθελήσουσι ποιεῖν, σκοπεῖτʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ καλῶς ὑμῖν ἔχει, ἃ τούτων ἕκαστος ὀκνεῖ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἀφαιρούμενος ὀφθῆναι, ταῦθʼ ὑμᾶς τοὺς εὐεργέτας ἀφῃρημένους φαίνεσθαι, καὶ τοὺς εὖ τι πεποιηκότας ὑμᾶς, οἷς οὐδεὶς ἂν ἐγκαλέσαι, νόμῳ τὰ δοθέντʼ ἀπολωλεκέναι διʼ ὑμῶν ἁθρόους, παρόν, εἴ τις ἄρʼ ἐστὶν ἀνάξιος, εἷς ἢ δύʼ ἢ πλείους, γραφῇ διὰ τούτων ταὐτὸ τοῦτο παθεῖν κατʼ ἄνδρα κριθέντας. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὑπολαμβάνω ταῦτα καλῶς ἔχειν οὐδέ γʼ ἀξίως ὑμῶν.
139. Again, we must not deviate from this principle, that it was fair to investigate their merits at the time of conferring the reward, when none of these men opposed the vote, but after that to let the reward stand, unless you have received any subsequent wrong at their hands. If they allege that (for they cannot prove it), it must be shown that the men were punished at the time of the alleged wrongs. But if you ratify this law, though no such wrong was committed, it will seem that you have taken away their reward because you were envious, not because you found them rascals.
139. [Σκοπῶ δὲ καὶ τοῦτο.] Καὶ μὴν οὐδʼ ἐκείνου γʼ ἀποστατέον τοῦ λόγου, ὅτι τῆς μὲν ἀξίας, ὅτʼ ἐδώκαμεν, ἦν δίκαιον τὴν ἐξέτασιν λαμβάνειν, ὅτε τούτων οὐδεὶς ἀντεῖπεν, μετὰ ταῦτα δʼ ἐᾶν, εἴ τι μὴ πεπόνθαθʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ὕστερον κακόν. εἰ δʼ οὗτοι τοῦτο φήσουσι (δεῖξαι μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἔχουσιν), δεῖ κεκολασμένους αὐτοὺς παρʼ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα φαίνεσθαι. εἰ δὲ μηδενὸς ὄντος τοιούτου τὸν νόμον ποιήσετε κύριον, δόξετε φθονήσαντες, οὐχὶ πονηροὺς λαβόντες ἀφῃρῆσθαι.
140. Every reproach, I might almost say, should be avoided, but this above all, men of Athens. Why? Because in every way envy is the mark of a vicious nature, and the man who is subject to it has no claim whatever to consideration. Moreover there is no reproach more alien to our city than the appearance of envy, averse as she is from all that is disgraceful.
140. ἔστι δὲ πάντα μὲν ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ὀνείδη φευκτέον, τοῦτο δὲ πάντων μάλιστʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι. διὰ τί; ὅτι παντάπασι φύσεως κακίας σημεῖόν ἐστιν ὁ φθόνος, καὶ οὐκ ἔχει πρόφασιν διʼ ἣν ἂν τύχοι συγγνώμης ὁ τοῦτο πεπονθώς. εἶτα καὶ οὐδʼ ἔστιν ὄνειδος ὅτου πορρώτερόν ἐσθʼ ἡμῶν ἡ πόλις ἢ τοῦ φθονερὰ δοκεῖν εἶναι, ἁπάντων ἀπέχουσα τῶν αἰσχρῶν.
141. See what strong evidence we have of this. In the first place, you alone of all mankind publicly pronounce over your dead funeral orations, in which you extol the deeds of the brave. Such, however, is the practice of men who admire bravery, not of men who envy the honors that bravery wins. Next, you have from time immemorial given the richest rewards to those who win crowns in the athletic games; nor, because such honors are necessarily confined to a few, have you grudged or stinted the honors of the victors on that account. Beside these notable instances, no one, I think, has ever surpassed our State in generosity; such a superabundance of rewards has she heaped on those who serve her well.
141. τεκμήρια δʼ ἡλίκα τούτου θεωρήσατε. πρῶτον μὲν μόνοι τῶν πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τοῖς τελευτήσασι δημοσίᾳ [καὶ ταῖς ταφαῖς ταῖς δημοσίαις] ποιεῖτε λόγους ἐπιταφίους, ἐν οἷς κοσμεῖτε τὰ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν ἔργα. καίτοι τοῦτʼ ἔστι τοὐπιτήδευμα ζηλούντων ἀρετήν, οὐ τοῖς ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τιμωμένοις φθονούντων. εἶτα μεγίστας δίδοτʼ ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου δωρειὰς τοῖς τοὺς γυμνικοὺς νικῶσιν ἀγῶνας τοὺς στεφανίτας, καὶ οὐχ, ὅτι τῇ φύσει τούτων ὀλίγοις μέτεστιν, ἐφθονήσατε τοῖς ἔχουσιν, οὐδʼ ἐλάττους ἐνείματε τὰς τιμὰς διὰ ταῦτα. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τοιούτοις οὖσιν οὐδεὶς πώποτε τὴν πόλιν ἡμῶν εὖ ποιῶν δοκεῖ νικῆσαι· τοσαύτας ὑπερβολὰς τῶν δωρειῶν αἷς ἀντʼ εὖ ποιεῖ, παρέσχηται.
142. All these, men of Athens, are proofs of justice, of virtue, of magnanimity. Then do not now destroy the very qualities on which throughout its history our city’s reputation is founded; do not, in order that Leptines may vent his spite on men whom he dislikes, rob both yourselves and your city of the fair fame that has been yours in every age; do not suppose that anything else is at stake in this trial save the honor of Athens, whether it is to stand unimpaired as of old, or to pass into neglect and degradation.
142. ἔστι τοίνυν πάντα ταῦτʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, δικαιοσύνης, ἀρετῆς, μεγαλοψυχίας ἐπιδείγματα. μὴ τοίνυν διʼ ἃ πάλαι παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον ἡ πόλις εὐδοξεῖ, ταῦτʼ ἀνέλητε νῦν· μηδʼ ἵνα Λεπτίνης ἰδίᾳ τισίν, οἷς ἀηδῶς ἔχει, ἐπηρεάσῃ, τῆς πόλεως ἀφέλησθε καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἣν διὰ παντὸς ἀεὶ τοῦ χρόνου δόξαν κέκτησθε καλήν· μηδʼ ὑπολαμβάνετʼ εἶναι τὸν ἀγῶνα τόνδʼ ὑπὲρ ἄλλου τινὸς ἢ τοῦ τῆς πόλεως ἀξιώματος, πότερον αὐτὸ δεῖ σῶν εἶναι καὶ ὅμοιον τῷ προτέρῳ, ἢ μεθεστάναι καὶ λελυμάνθαι.
143. But of all the astonishing features of Leptines’ law, what astonishes me most is his ignorance of the fact that just as a man who assigns heavy penalties for offences would be unlikely to have contemplated an offence himself, so one who abolishes the rewards for benefactions will not himself be likely to have contemplated a good deed. Now if, as is just possible, he did not know this, he will at once confess it by allowing you to repeal the law which embodies his own error, but if he shows himself obstinate and eager to ratify the law, I for one cannot praise him, though I refrain from censure.
143. πολλὰ δὲ θαυμάζων Λεπτίνου κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ἓν μάλιστα τεθαύμακα πάντων, εἰ ἐκεῖνʼ ἠγνόηκεν, ὅτι ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις μεγάλας τὰς τιμωρίας τῶν ἀδικημάτων τάττοι, οὐκ ἂν αὐτός γʼ ἀδικεῖν παρεσκευάσθαι δόξαι, οὕτως, ἄν τις ἀναιρῇ τὰς τιμὰς τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, οὐδὲν αὐτὸς ποιεῖν ἀγαθὸν παρεσκευάσθαι δόξει. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν ἠγνόησε ταῦτα (γένοιτο γὰρ ἂν καὶ τοῦτο), αὐτίκα δηλώσει· συγχωρήσεται γὰρ ὑμῖν λῦσαι περὶ ὧν αὐτὸς ἥμαρτεν. εἰ δὲ φανήσεται σπουδάζων καὶ διατεινόμενος κύριον ποιεῖν τὸν νόμον, ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔχω πῶς ἐπαινέσω, ψέγειν δʼ οὐ βούλομαι.
144. Then be not stubborn, Leptines; do not insist on a course which will not add to your own reputation or that of your supporters, especially as this trial no longer endangers you. For owing to the death of the father of Apsephion here, Bathippus, who indicted Leptines when he was still liable, the legal period has elapsed, and now our whole concern is with the law, and its proposer runs no risk.
144. μηδὲν οὖν φιλονίκει, Λεπτίνη, μηδὲ βιάζου τοιοῦτον διʼ οὗ μήτʼ αὐτὸς δόξεις βελτίων εἶναι μήθʼ οἱ πεισθέντες σοι, ἄλλως τε καὶ γεγενημένου σοι τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἀκινδύνου. διὰ γὰρ τὸ τελευτῆσαι Βάθιππον τὸν τουτουὶ πατέρʼ Ἀψεφίωνος, ὃς αὐτὸν ἔτʼ ὄνθʼ ὑπεύθυνον ἐγράψατο, ἐξῆλθον οἱ χρόνοι, καὶ νυνὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου πᾶς ἐσθʼ ὁ λόγος, τούτῳ δʼ οὐδείς ἐστι κίνδυνος.
145. I am told, however, that you assert that three distinct persons indicted you before Apsephion, but dropped the action. Well, if your complaint against them is that they did not endanger you, you must be fonder of danger than other people, but if you bring it forward as a proof of the justice of your proposals, you are doing a very silly thing. For how is your law improved by the fact that one of those who indicted you died before he could come into court, or was induced by you to drop the charge, or even was simply suborned by you? But I am ashamed even to suggest such things.
145. καίτοι καὶ τοῦτʼ ἀκούω σε λέγειν, ὡς ἄρα τρεῖς σέ τινες γραψάμενοι πρότεροι τοῦδε οὐκ ἐπεξῆλθον. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν ἐγκαλῶν αὐτοῖς λέγεις ὅτι σʼ οὐ κατέστησαν εἰς κίνδυνον, φιλοκινδυνότατος πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἶ· εἰ δὲ τεκμήριον ποιεῖ τοῦ τὰ δίκαιʼ εἰρηκέναι, λίαν εὔηθες ποιεῖς. τί γὰρ εἵνεκα τούτου βελτίων ἔσθʼ ὁ νόμος, εἴ τις ἢ τετελεύτηκε τῶν γραψαμένων πρὶν εἰσελθεῖν, ἢ πεισθεὶς ὑπὸ σοῦ διεγράψατο, ἢ καὶ ὅλως ὑπὸ σοῦ παρεσκευάσθη; ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν οὐδὲ λέγειν καλόν.
146. There are advocates appointed to defend the law, and very able speakers they are; Leodamas of Acharnae, Aristophon of Hazenia, Cephisodotus of Ceramicus, and Dinias of Herchia. Let me tell you, then, how you may reasonably retort upon them, and do you consider whether the retort is fair. Take Leodamas first. It was he who impeached the grant to Chabrias, which included among other things the gift of immunity, and when his case came before you, he lost it.
146. ᾕρηνται δὲ τῷ νόμῳ σύνδικοι καὶ μάλισθʼ οἱ δεινοὶ λέγειν ἄνδρες, Λεωδάμας Ἀχαρνεὺς καὶ Ἀριστοφῶν Ἁζηνιεὺς καὶ Κηφισόδοτος ἐκ Κεραμέων καὶ Δεινίας Ἑρχιεύς. ἃ δὴ πρὸς τούτους ὑπολαμβάνοιτʼ ἂν εἰκότως, ἀκούσατε, καὶ σκοπεῖτʼ ἂν ὑμῖν δίκαια φαίνηται. πρῶτον μὲν πρὸς Λεωδάμαντα. οὗτος ἐγράψατο τὴν Χαβρίου δωρειάν, ἐν ᾗ τοῦτʼ ἔνεστιν τὸ τῆς ἀτελείας τῶν ἐκείνῳ τι δοθέντων, καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰσελθὼν ἡττήθη·
147. Now the laws forbid the same man to be tried twice on the same issue, be it a civil action, a scrutiny, a contested claim, or anything else of the sort. But quite apart from all this, it would be a most absurd result if on the first occasion the services of Chabrias outweighed the arguments of Leodamas, but when to his services were added those of all the other benefactors, then the combined effect should be weaker than the arguments.
147. οἱ νόμοι δʼ οὐκ ἐῶσι δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν οὔτε δίκας οὔτʼ εὐθύνας οὔτε διαδικασίαν οὔτʼ ἄλλο τοιοῦτʼ οὐδὲν εἶναι. χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ἀτοπώτατον ἂν πάντων συμβαίη, εἰ τότε μὲν τὰ Χαβρίου παρʼ ὑμῖν ἔργα μεῖζον ἴσχυε τῶν Λεωδάμαντος λόγων, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ταῦτά θʼ ὑπάρχει καὶ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων εὐεργετῶν προσγέγονεν, τηνικαῦτα σύμπαντα ταῦτʼ ἀσθενέστερα τῶν τούτου λόγων γένοιτο.
148. To Aristophon I think I could raise many sound objections. He obtained his grant, which included immunity, by your votes. I find no fault with that, for it is right that you should have it in your power to bestow what is yours on anyone you please. But I do suggest that it is unfair that he should raise no objection when he was going to receive it himself, but when it has been given to others, he should take offence and urge you to withdraw it.
148. καὶ μὴν πρός γʼ Ἀριστοφῶντα πολλὰ καὶ δίκαιʼ ἂν ἔχειν εἰπεῖν οἶμαι. οὗτος εὕρετο τὴν δωρειὰν παρʼ ὑμῖν, ἐν ᾗ τοῦτʼ ἐνῆν. καὶ οὐ τοῦτʼ ἐπιτιμῶ· δεῖ γὰρ ἐφʼ ὑμῖν εἶναι διδόναι τὰ ὑμέτερʼ αὐτῶν οἷς ἂν βούλησθε. ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνό γʼ οὐχὶ δίκαιον εἶναί φημι, τὸ ὅτε μὲν τούτῳ ταῦτʼ ἔμελλεν ὑπάρχειν λαβόντι, μηδὲν ἡγεῖσθαι δεινόν, ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἑτέροις δέδοται, τηνικαῦτʼ ἀγανακτεῖν καὶ πείθειν ὑμᾶς ἀφελέσθαι.
149. Moreover it was Aristophon who proposed to pay Gelarchus five talents for sums advanced to the democrats in the Piraeus; and he was right. Then, my friend, if you recommended the repayment of unattested sums on the ground of service done to the people, you must not advise the revocation of grants for services which the people themselves attested by inscriptions in the temples, and which are indeed known to all men. You must not exhibit yourself as at the same time proposing that debts ought to be paid, and urging that a man should be deprived of what he has won at the hands of the people.
149. καὶ μὴν καὶ Γελάρχῳ πέντε τάλαντʼ ἀποδοῦναι γέγραφʼ οὗτος ὡς παρασχόντι τοῖς ἐν Πειραιεῖ τοῦ δήμου, καὶ καλῶς ἐποίει. μὴ τοίνυν ἃ μὲν ἦν ἀμάρτυρα, ταῦτʼ ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ δήμου προφάσει διὰ σοῦ δεδόσθω, ὧν δʼ αὐτὸς ὁ δῆμος μαρτυρίας ἔστησεν ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἀναγράψας καὶ πάντες συνίσασιν, ταῦτʼ ἀφελέσθαι παραίνει· μηδʼ αὑτὸς φαίνου τά τʼ ὀφειλόμενʼ ὡς ἀποδοῦναι δεῖ γράφων, καὶ ἅ τις παρὰ τοῦ δήμου κεκόμισται, ταῦτʼ ἀφελέσθαι παραινῶν.
150. Next, I have this much to say to Cephisodotus. As an orator, men of Athens, he is inferior to none. Then it would be far more honorable to use his talents for the chastisement of evil-doers than for the injury of those who deserve well. If he must make enemies, I suggest that they should be those who injure the people, not those who benefit them.
150. καὶ μὴν πρός γε Κηφισόδοτον τοσοῦτʼ ἂν εἴποιμι. οὗτός ἐστιν οὐδενὸς ἧττον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν λεγόντων δεινὸς εἰπεῖν. πολὺ τοίνυν κάλλιον τῇ δεινότητι ταύτῃ χρῆσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ὑμᾶς κολάζειν ἢ τοὺς ἀγαθοῦ τινὸς αἰτίους ἀδικεῖν. εἰ γὰρ ἀπεχθάνεσθαί τισι δεῖ, τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι τὸν δῆμον, οὐ τοῖς ἀγαθόν τι ποιοῦσιν ἔγωγε νομίζω δεῖν.
151. Then as to Dinias. Perhaps he will tell you of the war-galleys he has equipped and of his other public services. For my part, though Dinias has proved himself a valuable servant of the public, as I sincerely believe, I would urge him rather to claim from you some reward for himself than to tell you to take back rewards previously given to others; for a man gives a surer proof of excellence by claiming a reward for his own services than by grudging others the rewards they have received for theirs.
151. πρὸς τοίνυν Δεινίαν· οὗτος ἴσως ἐρεῖ τριηραρχίας αὑτοῦ καὶ λῃτουργίας. ἐγὼ δʼ, εἰ πολλοῦ τῇ πόλει Δεινίας ἄξιον αὑτὸν παρέσχηκεν, ὡς ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ νὴ τοὺς θεούς, μᾶλλον ἂν παραινέσαιμʼ αὑτῷ τινὰ τιμὴν ὑμᾶς ἀξιοῦν δοῦναι ἢ τὰς ἑτέροις πρότερον δοθείσας ἀφελέσθαι κελεύειν· πολὺ γὰρ βελτίονος ἀνδρός ἐστιν ἐφʼ οἷς αὐτὸς εὖ πεποίηκεν ἀξιοῦν τιμᾶσθαι ἢ ἐφʼ οἷς ἕτεροι ποιήσαντες ἐτιμήθησαν φθονεῖν.
152. But the most effective retort is one which applies to all the commissioners alike. Each one of them has often before served as commissioner for some business or other. Now you have a very sound law—not, of course, directed against these men, but framed to prevent any commissioner from using his opportunity for profit or blackmail—that no one, elected by the people, be permitted to serve as commissioner more than once.
152. ὃ δὲ δὴ μέγιστον ἁπάντων καὶ κοινὸν ὑπάρχει κατὰ πάντων τῶν συνδίκων· τούτων πολλάκις εἷς ἕκαστος πρότερόν τισι πράγμασι σύνδικος γέγονεν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ μάλʼ ἔχων νόμος ὑμῖν καλῶς, οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτοις τεθείς, ἀλλʼ ἵνα μὴ τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ὥσπερ ἐργασία τισὶν ᾖ καὶ συκοφαντία, μὴ ἐξεῖναι ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου χειροτονηθέντα πλεῖν ἢ ἅπαξ συνδικῆσαι.
153. Surely those who are going to advocate a law and urge its necessity ought to show themselves ready to obey existing laws; otherwise it is absurd for them to defend one law as commissioners and violate another themselves. Take and read the law which I cite. [The law is read] That, Athenians, is both an old and a sound law, which the commissioners will be careful not to violate, if they are wise.
153. τοὺς δὴ συνεροῦντας νόμῳ καὶ διδάξοντας ὑμᾶς ὡς ἐπιτήδειός ἐστιν, αὐτοὺς τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι νόμοις δεῖ πειθομένους φαίνεσθαι· εἰ δὲ μή, γελοῖον νόμῳ μὲν συνδικεῖν, νόμον δʼ αὐτοὺς παραβαίνειν ἕτερον. ἀνάγνωθι λαβὼν τὸν νόμον αὐτοῖς ὃν λέγω. ΝΟΜΟΣ. οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ παλαιός ἐσθʼ ὁ νόμος καὶ καλῶς ἔχων, ὃν ἐὰν σωφρονῶσι φυλάξονται παραβαίνειν οὗτοι.
154. I have still a few things to say to you before I sit down. For you ought, in my opinion, men of Athens, to be anxious for the utmost possible efficiency of our laws, but especially of those on which depends the strength or weakness of our State. And which are they? They are those which assign rewards to those who do good and punishments to those who do evil. For in truth, if from fear of legal penalties all men shunned wrongdoing, and if from ambition for the rewards of good service all chose the path of duty, what prevents our city from being great and all our citizens honest, with not a rogue among them?
154. ἐγὼ δʼ ἔτι μικρὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰπὼν καταβήσομαι. ἔστι γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πάντας μὲν τοὺς νόμους ὑμῖν, ὡς ἐγὼ νομίζω, σπουδαστέον ὡς κάλλιστʼ ἔχειν, μάλιστα δὲ τούτους διʼ ὧν ἢ μικρὰν ἢ μεγάλην ἔστʼ εἶναι τὴν πόλιν. εἰσὶ δʼ οὗτοι τίνες; οἵ τε τοῖς ἀγαθόν τι ποιοῦσι τὰς τιμὰς διδόντες καὶ οἱ τοῖς τἀναντία πράττουσι τὰς τιμωρίας. εἰ γὰρ ἅπαντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τὰς ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ζημίας φοβούμενοι τοῦ κακόν τι ποιεῖν ἀποσταῖεν, καὶ πάντες τὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις δωρειὰς ζηλώσαντες ἃ χρὴ πράττειν προέλοιντο, τί κωλύει μεγίστην εἶναι τὴν πόλιν καὶ πάντας χρηστοὺς καὶ μηδένʼ εἶναι πονηρόν;
155. Now the law of Leptines, Athenians, does harm not only by abolishing the rewards of good service and so rendering fruitless the good intentions of those who are ambitious for honor, but also by leaving our city under the serious reproach of imbecility. For you are of course aware that for each grave offence a single penalty is provided by the law, which says explicitly that “at any trial there shall be not more than one assessment of penalty, whichever the court imposes, whether a personal punishment or a fine, but not both.”
155. ὁ τοίνυν νόμος οὗτος ὁ Λεπτίνου, οὐ μόνον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦτʼ ἀδικεῖ, ὅτι τὰς τιμὰς ἀναιρῶν τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν ἀχρεῖον τὴν ἐπιείκειαν τοῖς φιλοτιμεῖσθαι βουλομένοις καθίστησιν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι καὶ παρανομίας δόξαν αἰσχίστην τῇ πόλει καταλείπει. ἴστε γὰρ δήπου τοῦθʼ ὅτι τῶν τὰ δεινόταθʼ ἡμᾶς ἀδικούντων ἓν ἑκάστῳ τίμημʼ ὑπάρχει διὰ τὸν νόμον, ὃς διαρρήδην λέγει μηδὲ [ὡς χρὴ] τίμημʼ ὑπάρχειν ἐπὶ κρίσει πλέον ἢ ἕν, ὁπότερον ἂν τὸ δικαστήριον τιμήσῃ, παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι· ἀμφότερα δὲ μὴ ἐξέστω.
156. But Leptines has used a different measure and says that if anyone claims a return from you, “he shall be disfranchised, and his property shall be confiscated.” There you have two penalties. “The process shall be by laying information or by summary arrest; and if he be convicted, he shall be liable under the law which provides for the case of a man holding office while in debt to the treasury.” Death is what he means, for such is the punishment in that case. Why, here are three penalties! Is it not monstrously hard, Athenians, if it proves more serious in your courts to ask for a return for good service than to be convicted of some heinous crime?
156. ἀλλʼ οὐχ οὗτος ἐχρήσατο τούτῳ τῷ μέτρῳ, ἀλλʼ ἐάν τις ἀπαιτήσῃ χάριν ὑμᾶς, ἄτιμος ἔστω φησὶ καὶ ἡ οὐσία δημοσία ἔστω. δύο τιμήματα ταῦτα. εἶναι δὲ καὶ ἐνδείξεις καὶ ἀπαγωγάς· ἐὰν δʼ ἁλῷ, ἔνοχος ἔστω τῷ νόμῳ ὃς κεῖται, ἐάν τις ὀφείλων ἄρχῃ τῷ δημοσίῳ. θάνατον λέγει· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστʼ ἐπʼ ἐκείνῳ τοὐπιτίμιον. οὐκοῦν τρία τιμήματα ταῦτα. πῶς οὖν οὐ σχέτλιον καὶ δεινόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ χαλεπώτερον εἶναι παρʼ ὑμῖν δόξει χάριν εὖ ποιήσαντʼ ἀπαιτεῖν ἢ τὰ δεινότατʼ ἐργαζόμενον ληφθῆναι;
157. Men of Athens, this law, so dishonorable, so unsound, so suggestive of envy and spite and—I spare you the rest. Those are the sort of things that the framer of the law seems to favor, but you must not imitate them nor display sentiments unworthy of yourselves. I ask you in Heaven’s name, what should we all most earnestly deprecate? What do all our laws most carefully guard against? What but those vengeful murders against which our specially appointed protector is the Council of the Areopagus?
157. αἰσχρός, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ κακῶς ἔχων ὁ νόμος, καὶ ὅμοιος φθόνῳ τινὶ καὶ φιλονικίᾳ καὶ—τὸ λοιπὸν ἐῶ· τοιούτοις δέ τισιν προσέοιχʼ ὁ γράφων χρῆσθαι. ὑμῖν δʼ οὐχὶ πρέπει τὰ τοιαῦτα μιμεῖσθαι, οὐδʼ ἀνάξια φαίνεσθαι φρονοῦντας ὑμῶν αὐτῶν. φέρε γὰρ πρὸς Διός, τί μάλιστʼ ἂν ἀπευξαίμεθα πάντες, καὶ τί μάλιστʼ ἐν ἅπασι διεσπούδασται τοῖς νόμοις; ὅπως μὴ γενήσονται οἱ περὶ ἀλλήλους φόνοι, περὶ ὧν ἐξαίρετος ἡ βουλὴ φύλαξ ἡ ἐν Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ τέτακται.
158. Now Draco, in this group of laws, marked the terrible wickedness of homicide by banning the offender from the lustral water, the libations, the loving-cup, the sacrifices and the market-place; he enumerated everything that he thought likely to deter the offender; but he never robbed him of his claim to justice; he defined the circumstances that make homicide justifiable and proclaimed the accused in such case free from taint. If, then, your laws can justify homicide, is this fellow’s law to forbid any claim, even a just one, to recompense? Not so, men of Athens!
158. ἐν τοίνυν τοῖς περὶ τούτων νόμοις ὁ Δράκων φοβερὸν κατασκευάζων καὶ δεινὸν τό τινʼ αὐτόχειρʼ ἄλλον ἄλλου γίγνεσθαι, καὶ γράφων χέρνιβος εἴργεσθαι τὸν ἀνδροφόνον, σπονδῶν, κρατήρων, ἱερῶν, ἀγορᾶς, πάντα τἄλλα διελθὼν οἷς μάλιστʼ ἄν τινας ᾤετʼ ἐπισχεῖν τοῦ τοιοῦτόν τι ποιεῖν, ὅμως οὐκ ἀφείλετο τὴν τοῦ δικαίου τάξιν, ἀλλʼ ἔθηκεν ἐφʼ οἷς ἐξεῖναι ἀποκτιννύναι, κἂν οὕτω τις δράσῃ, καθαρὸν διώρισεν εἶναι. εἶτʼ ἀποκτεῖναι μὲν δικαίως ἔν γε τοῖς παρʼ ὑμῖν νόμοις ἐξέσται, χάριν δʼ ἀπαιτεῖν οὔτε δικαίως οὔθʼ ὁπωσοῦν διὰ τὸν τούτου νόμον;
159. Do not let it appear that you have been more diligent to prevent any of your benefactors from winning a recompense than to suppress murder in your city. Rather, recalling the occasions on which you have repaid the services rendered you, and remembering the inscription of Demophantus, already referred to by Phormio, on which it stands written and confirmed by oath that whoso shall suffer in defence of the democracy shall receive the same reward as Harmodius and Aristogiton, vote for the repeal of this law; for if you do not, it is impossible for you to observe your oaths.
159. μηδαμῶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι· μὴ βούλεσθε δοκεῖν πλείω πεποιῆσθαι σπουδὴν ὅπως μηδενὶ τῶν εὖ τι ποιούντων ὑμᾶς χάριν ἐξέσται κομίσασθαι ἢ ὅπως μηδεὶς φόνος ἐν τῇ πόλει γενήσεται· ἀλλʼ ἀναμνησθέντες τῶν καιρῶν, παρʼ οὓς εὖ πεπονθότες εὖ πεποιήκατε τοὺς εὑρομένους, καὶ τῆς Δημοφάντου στήλης περὶ ἧς εἶπε Φορμίων, ἐν ᾗ γέγραπται καὶ ὀμώμοται, ἄν τις ἀμύνων τι πάθῃ τῇ δημοκρατίᾳ, τὰς αὐτὰς δώσειν δωρειὰς ἅσπερ Ἁρμοδίῳ καὶ Ἀριστογείτονι, καταψηφίσασθε τοῦ νόμου. οὐ γὰρ ἔνεστʼ εὐορκεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ποιήσετε.
160. And besides all this, observe a further point. That law cannot be a sound one which deals with the past and the future in the same way. “None,” says this law, “shall be immune save and except the descendants of Harmodius and Aristogiton.” Good! “Nor shall anyone in future be granted immunity.” What! not even if other such benefactors arise, Leptines? If you found fault with the past, can it be that you also foresaw the future?
160. παρὰ πάντα δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐκεῖνʼ ἔτʼ ἀκούσατέ μου. οὐκ ἔνι τοῦτον ἔχειν καλῶς τὸν νόμον, ὃς περὶ τῶν παρεληλυθότων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ταὐτὰ λέγει. μηδένʼ εἶναί φησιν ἀτελῆ πλὴν τῶν ἀφʼ Ἁρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος. καλῶς. μηδὲ τὸ λοιπὸν ἐξεῖναι δοῦναι. μηδʼ ἂν τοιοῦτοί τινες γένωνται, Λεπτίνη; εἰ τὰ πρὸ τοῦ κατεμέμφου, τί;μὴ καὶ τὰ μέλλοντʼ ᾔδεις;
161. Because, you will say, we are now past such expectation. I pray that we may be, Athenians. But as we are mere mortals, neither our language nor our laws should offend religious sentiment; we may both expect blessings and pray for them, but we must reflect that all things are conditioned by mortality. For the Lacedaemonians never dreamed that they would be brought to their present straits, and perhaps even the Syracusans, once a democracy, who exacted tribute from the Carthaginians and ruled all their neighbors and beat at us at sea, little thought they would fall under the tyranny of a single clerk, if report be true.
161. ὅτι νὴ Δία πόρρω τοῦ τι τοιοῦτον νῦν ἐλπίζειν ἐσμέν. καὶ εἴημέν γʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι· ἀλλὰ χρή γʼ ἀνθρώπους ὄντας τοιαῦτα καὶ λέγειν καὶ νομοθετεῖν οἷς μηδεὶς ἂν νεμεσήσαι, καὶ τἀγαθὰ μὲν προσδοκᾶν καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχεσθαι διδόναι, πάντα δʼ ἀνθρώπινʼ ἡγεῖσθαι. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν Λακεδαιμόνιοί ποτʼ ἤλπισαν εἰς τοιαῦτα πράγματʼ ἀφίξεσθαι, οὐδέ γʼ ἴσως Συρακόσιοι, τὸ πάλαι δημοκρατούμενοι καὶ φόρους Καρχηδονίους πραττόμενοι καὶ πάντων τῶν περὶ αὑτοὺς ἄρχοντες καὶ ναυμαχίᾳ νενικηκότες ἡμᾶς, ὑφʼ ἑνὸς γραμματέως, ὃς ὑπηρέτης ἦν, ὥς φασι, τυραννήσεσθαι.
162. Nor again could the present Dionysius ever have exacted that Dion would come against him in a cargo-boat with a handful of soldiers and expel the master of so many warships and mercenaries and cities. But, methinks, the future is hidden from all men, and great events hang on small chances. Therefore we must be modest in the day of prosperity, and must show that we are not blind to the future.
162. οὐδέ γʼ ὁ νῦν ὢν Διονύσιος ἤλπισεν ἄν ποτʼ ἴσως πλοίῳ στρογγύλῳ καὶ στρατιώταις ὀλίγοις Δίωνʼ ἐλθόντʼ ἐφʼ αὑτὸν ἐκβαλεῖν τὸν τριήρεις πολλὰς καὶ ξένους καὶ πόλεις κεκτημένον. ἀλλʼ, οἶμαι, τὸ μέλλον ἄδηλον πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ μικροὶ καιροὶ μεγάλων πραγμάτων αἴτιοι γίγνονται. διὸ δεῖ μετριάζειν ἐν ταῖς εὐπραξίαις καὶ προορωμένους τὸ μέλλον φαίνεσθαι.
163. There are still many arguments that one might develop at length, showing that this law is in every respect unsound and opposed to your interests; but to sum up and bring my speech to a conclusion, I will ask you to do this. Calculate and compare in your own minds what will happen to you if you repeal this law, and what if you do not; and then be careful to remember all the consequences of either step, so that you may make the better choice.
163. πολλὰ δʼ ἄν τις ἔχοι λέγειν ἔτι καὶ διεξιέναι περὶ τοῦ μηδαμῇ μηδὲ καθʼ ἓν τοῦτον ἔχειν καλῶς τὸν νόμον μηδὲ συμφέρειν ὑμῖν· ἀλλʼ ἵνʼ ἐν κεφαλαίῳ τοῦτο μάθητε κἀγὼ παύσωμαι λέγων, τάδε ποιήσατε· σκέψασθε παρʼ ἄλληλα καὶ λογίσασθε πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς τί συμβήσεται καταψηφισαμένοις ὑμῖν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τί μή· εἶτα φυλάττετε καὶ μέμνησθʼ ἃν ὑμῖν ἐξ ἑκατέρου φανῇ, ἵνʼ ἕλησθε τὰ κρείττω.
164. Now if, on our advice, you reject it, deserving men will receive their due reward from you, and any undeserving man (assuming that there are such) will not only lose his reward, but will pay whatever penalty you approve, in accordance with our alternative law, while all men will acknowledge the honor, justice and veracity of our city. If, on the other hand, you allow it to pass, as I pray you may not, the good will suffer for the sake of the bad, the undeserving will bring calamity on the rest, but come off scot-free themselves, and the reputation of Athens will be the very reverse of what I have described; all men will regard her as faithless, envious and mean.
164. ἂν μὲν τοίνυν καταψηφίσησθε, ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς κελεύομεν, οἱ μὲν ἄξιοι παρʼ ὑμῶν τὰ δίκαιʼ ἕξουσιν, εἰ δέ τις ἔστʼ ἀνάξιος, ὡς ἔστω, πρὸς τῷ τὴν δωρειὰν ἀφαιρεθῆναι δίκην ἣν ἂν ὑμῖν δοκῇ δώσει κατὰ τὸν παρεισενηνεγμένον νόμον· ἡ δὲ πόλις πιστή, δικαία, πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀψευδὴς φανήσεται. ἐὰν δʼ ἀποψηφίσησθε, ὃ μὴ ποιήσαιτε, οἱ μὲν χρηστοὶ διὰ τοὺς φαύλους ἀδικήσονται, οἱ δʼ ἀνάξιοι συμφορᾶς ἑτέροις αἴτιοι γενήσονται, δίκην δʼ οὐδʼ ἡντινοῦν αὐτοὶ δώσουσιν, ἡ δὲ πόλις τἀναντίʼ ὧν εἶπον ἀρτίως, δόξει ἄπιστος, φθονερά, φαύλη παρὰ πᾶσιν εἶναι.
165. It is unworthy of you, Athenians, to prefer such a foul reproach to advantages so honorable and so appropriate to you. For each of you will share individually in the credit of your joint decision. For it is known to all standing round us, as to everyone else, that in this court Leptines is contending with us, but within the conscience of each member of the jury humanity is arrayed against envy, justice against malice, and all that is good against all that is most base.
165. οὔκουν ἄξιον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοσαύτην βλασφημίαν ἀντὶ καλῶν καὶ προσηκόντων ὑμῖν ἀγαθῶν ἑλέσθαι. καὶ γὰρ ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ἰδίᾳ μεθέξει τῆς δόξης τῶν κοινῇ γνωσθέντων. οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖ τοῦτʼ οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν περιεστηκότων οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων, ὅτι ἐν μὲν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ Λεπτίνης πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀγωνίζεται, ἐν δὲ τῇ τῶν καθημένων ὑμῶν ἑνὸς ἑκάστου γνώμῃ φιλανθρωπία πρὸς φθόνον καὶ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς κακίαν καὶ πάντα τὰ χρηστὰ πρὸς τὰ πονηρότατʼ ἀντιτάττεται.
166. If you yield to the nobler impulse and cast your votes with us, you will win for yourselves the credit, and for the State the benefit, of a righteous verdict, and if ever occasion arises, you will not lack friends willing to encounter risk in your behalf. I ask you, therefore, to take all these considerations seriously to heart and to beware that you are not forced into an error of judgement. For on many occasions, men of Athens, the justice of the case has not been brought home to you, but a verdict has been wrested from you by the clamor, the violence and the shamelessness of the pleaders.
166. ὧν τοῖς βελτίοσι πειθόμενοι καὶ κατὰ ταὔθʼ ἡμῖν θέμενοι τὴν ψῆφον, αὐτοί θʼ ἃ προσήκει δόξετʼ ἐγνωκέναι, καὶ τῇ πόλει τὰ κράτιστʼ ἔσεσθʼ ἐψηφισμένοι, κἄν τις ἄρʼ ἔλθῃ ποτὲ καιρός, οὐκ ἀπορήσετε τῶν ἐθελησόντων ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κινδυνεύειν. ὑπὲρ οὖν τούτων ἁπάντων οἶμαι δεῖν ὑμᾶς σπουδάζειν καὶ προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν, ὅπως μὴ βιασθῆθʼ ἁμαρτάνειν. πολλὰ γὰρ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πολλάκις οὐκ ἐδιδάχθηθʼ ὡς ἔστι δίκαια, ἀλλʼ ἀφῃρέθηθʼ ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν λεγόντων κραυγῆς καὶ βίας καὶ ἀναισχυντίας.
167. Let not that be your case today, for that would be unworthy of you; but hold fast to what you are convinced is just, and bear it in mind until you vote, so that true to your oaths you may cast your votes against the counsels of the wicked. If you punish with death those who debase the coinage, I shall be surprised if you lend an ear to men who render our whole State base and counterfeit. By all the gods, I will not believe it of you. I think I need say no more, for I believe you understand all my arguments.
167. ὃ μὴ πάθητε νῦν· οὐ γὰρ ἄξιον. ἀλλʼ ἃ δίκαιʼ ἐγνώκατε, ταῦτα φυλάξατε καὶ μνημονεύετε, ἕως ἂν ψηφίσησθε, ἵνʼ εὔορκον θῆσθε τὴν ψῆφον κατὰ τῶν τὰ πονηρὰ συμβουλευόντων. θαυμάζω δʼ ἔγωγε, εἰ τοῖς μὲν τὸ νόμισμα διαφθείρουσιν θάνατος παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἡ ζημία, τοῖς δʼ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν κίβδηλον καὶ ἄπιστον ποιοῦσι λόγον δώσετε. οὐ δή πού γʼ, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί. οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι δεῖ πλείω λέγειν· οἶμαι γὰρ ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ἀγνοεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων.