--- title: "Against Macartatus · Πρὸς Μακάρτατον περὶ Ἁγνίου κλήρου" author: "Demosthenes" translator: "Augustus Taber Murray" languages: [grc, en] shelf: "Classical Greek" url: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/ cite: "Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray, Against Macartatus · Πρὸς Μακάρτατον περὶ Ἁγνίου κλήρου. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/" --- # Against Macartatus · Πρὸς Μακάρτατον περὶ Ἁγνίου κλήρου *Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray* The long family war over the estate of Hagnias. > Greek: ed. William Rennie, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0014.tlg043, CC BY-SA 4.0). > English: Augustus Taber Murray, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0014.tlg043.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included. > Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence. ## Contents 1. [Sections 1–45](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/1.md) 2. [Sections 47–84](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/2.md) ## 1. Sections 1–45 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/1/#p-N [¶0] 1. Since we have had suits before now, men of the jury, against these same men regarding the estate of Hagnias, and they do not cease from their lawless and violent conduct, endeavoring by hook or crook to keep what does not belong to them, it is perhaps necessary to set forth all that has been done from the beginning; > Greek: 1. ἐπειδὴ καὶ πρότερον ἀγῶνες ἐγένοντο ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοὺς τούτους περὶ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ οὐδὲν παύονται παρανομοῦντες καὶ βιαζόμενοι ὥστε ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου τὰ μὴ προσήκονθʼ ἑαυτοῖς ἔχειν, ἀνάγκη ἴσως ἐστὶν τὰ πραχθέντα ἐξ ἀρχῆς διηγήσασθαι· [¶1] 2. for you, men of the jury, will thus more easily follow the course of the whole argument, and these men will be exhibited in their true character, and you will see that they began long ago and still continue to play their tricks, and to think that they may do whatever occurs to them. We therefore beg of you, men of the jury, to listen to our arguments with goodwill, and to follow with close attention. And I, on my part, will endeavor to give you the clearest information I can concerning the facts. > Greek: 2. ὑμεῖς τε γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ῥᾷον παρακολουθήσετε ἅπασι τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ οὗτοι ἐπιδειχθήσονται οἷοί εἰσιν ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὅτι πάλαι ἤδη ἀρξάμενοι οὐδὲν παύονται κακοτεχνοῦντες καὶ οἰόμενοι δεῖν διαπράττεσθαι ὅ τι ἂν ἐπέλθῃ τούτοις. δεόμεθα οὖν ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εὐνοϊκῶς ἀκροάσασθαι τῶν λεγομένων καὶ παρακολουθεῖν προσέχοντας τὸν νοῦν. πειράσομαι δὲ κἀγὼ διδάσκειν ὡς ἂν οἷός τε ὦ σαφέστατα περὶ τῶν πεπραγμένων. [¶2] 3. The mother of this boy, men of the jury, being the nearest of kin to Hagnias of Oeon, had the estate of Hagnias adjudged to her according to your laws; and of those who then made counter-claims to this estate not one ventured to swear that he was nearer of kin than the lady (for it was admitted by all that the inheritance belonged to her by virtue of nearest kinship), but Glaucus of Oeon and Glaucon his brother presented themselves, having concocted a spurious will, and Theopompus, the father of Macartatus here, joined with them in getting up this whole scheme, and was their witness in most of the depositions that were put in. > Greek: 3. τουτουὶ γὰρ τοῦ παιδὸς ἡ μήτηρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, γένει οὖσα ἐγγυτάτω Ἁγνίᾳ τῷ ἐξ Οἴου, ἐπεδικάσατο τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τοὺς ὑμετέρους· καὶ τῶν τότε ἀμφισβητησάντων αὐτῇ τοῦ κλήρου τουτουί, γένει μὲν ὡς ἐγγυτέρω τις εἴη αὐτῶν τῆς γυναικός, οὐδʼ ἐπεχείρησεν οὐδεὶς ἀντομόσαι (ὡμολογεῖτο γὰρ παρὰ πάντων τῆς γυναικὸς εἶναι ἡ κληρονομία κατὰ τὴν ἀγχιστείαν), διαθήκας δὲ ψευδεῖς ἧκον κατασκευάσαντες Γλαῦκός τε ὁ ἐξ Οἴου καὶ Γλαύκων ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ. [¶3] 4. The will which they then produced was proved to be spurious, and they not only lost their case, but went out of court completely disgraced. And Theopompus, the father of Macartatus here, although he was in town when the herald asked by proclamation whether anyone wished to lay claim to the estate of Hagnias by virtue of kinship or under a will, or to deposit security for the costs of such claim, yet did not venture to make a deposit, but by his own act gave judgement against himself that he had no conceivable claim on the estate of Hagnias. > Greek: 4. καὶ Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου ἐκείνοις συγκατεσκεύαζεν ἅπαντα ταῦτα καὶ ἐμαρτύρει τὰς πλείστας μαρτυρίας. αἱ δὲ διαθῆκαι, ἃς τότε παρέσχοντο, ἐξηλέγχθησαν ψευδεῖς οὖσαι· καὶ οὐ μόνον ἡττήθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πονηρότατοι δόξαντες εἶναι ἀπηλλάττοντο ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαστηρίου. καὶ ἐπιδημῶν τότε Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου, καὶ τοῦ κήρυκος κηρύττοντος, εἴ τις ἀμφισβητεῖν ἢ παρακαταβάλλειν βούλεται τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἢ κατὰ γένος ἢ κατὰ διαθήκας, οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν παρακαταβαλεῖν, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἐδίκασεν ὅτι οὐδαμόθεν αὐτῷ προσῆκεν οὐδὲν τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου. [¶4] 6. But, although the mother of this boy here became possessed of the inheritance, since she had prevailed in the suit over all those who disputed her claim, these men are abominable, as you see, and imagine that they need obey neither your laws nor the decisions of your courts, but they are trying by fair means or foul once more to take away from the lady the inheritance which you awarded to her. A conspiracy was formed, and a written agreement entered into, and deposited with Medeius of Hagnus, by Theopompus, the father of Macartatus here, and by Glaucon and the Glaucus who was worsted in the former suit; and they added to themselves as a fourth another of their friends (Eupolemus was his name). All these men, having in common formed their plot, cited the lady before the archon for the adjudication of claims to the estate of Hagnias, declaring that the law prescribed that if anyone wished to enter a claim, citation should be made of the one to whom the estate had been adjudged and who had it in his possession. > Greek: 6. ἐχούσης δὲ τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουὶ τὸν κλῆρον, ἐπειδὴ ἐνίκησεν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀμφισβητήσαντας ἑαυτῇ, οὕτως εἰσὶν μιαροὶ οὗτοι, καὶ οὐκ οἴονται δεῖν οὔτε τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς ὑμετέροις πείθεσθαι οὔτε τοῖς γνωσθεῖσιν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ, ἀλλὰ πάντα τρόπον ἐπιχειροῦντες ἀφελέσθαι πάλιν τὴν γυναῖκα τὸν κλῆρον ὃν ὑμεῖς αὐτῇ ἐψηφίσασθε, συνομόσαντες καὶ συνθήκας γράψαντες πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ καταθέμενοι παρὰ Μηδείῳ Ἁγνουσίῳ, Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου καὶ Γλαύκων καὶ Γλαῦκος ὁ ἡττηθεὶς τὸ πρότερον, καὶ ἕτερόν τινα τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τέταρτον προσλαβόντες (Εὐπόλεμος ἦν αὐτῷ ὄνομα), οὗτοι ἅπαντες κοινῇ ἐπιβουλεύσαντες προσεκαλέσαντο τὴν γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα εἰς διαδικασίαν τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, φάσκοντες τὸν νόμον κελεύειν παρὰ τοῦ ἐπιδεδικασμένου καὶ ἔχοντος τὸν κλῆρον προσκαλεῖσθαι, ἐάν τις βούληται ἀμφισβητεῖν. [¶5] 8. And when the archon brought the case into court, and the trial was to be held, they had everything cleverly arranged for the trial, and in particular the water which was to measure their speeches was four times as much as that allowed to us. For the archon, men of the jury, was obliged to pour into the water-clock an amphora of water for each claimant, and three choes for the reply; > Greek: 8. καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἦγεν ὁ ἄρχων εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον καὶ ἔδει ἀγωνίζεσθαι, τά τε ἄλλα ἦν αὐτοῖς ἅπαντα κατεσκευασμένα εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα, καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, πρὸς ὃ ἔδει ἀγωνίζεσθαι, τετραπλάσιον ἡμῶν ἔλαβον. ἐξ ἀνάγκης γὰρ ἦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῷ ἄρχοντι ἀμφορέα ἑκάστῳ ἐγχέαι τῶν ἀμφισβητούντων, καὶ τρεῖς χοᾶς τῷ ὑστέρῳ λόγῳ. [¶6] 9. so that I, who acted as pleader for the lady, was not only unable to explain to the jurymen the relationship and other matters as clearly as I could have wished, but could not even defend myself against the smallest fraction of the lies which they told about us; for I had but a fifth part of the water. Their scheme was this: to tell a wholly false story about us, but to back one another up and agree in everything. > Greek: 9. ὥστε συνέβαινεν ἐμοὶ τῷ ὑπὲρ τῆς γυναικὸς ἀγωνιζομένῳ, μὴ ὅτι περὶ τοῦ γένους καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὧν μοι προσῆκεν διηγήσασθαι τοῖς δικασταῖς ὡς ἐγὼ ἐβουλόμην, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἀπολογήσασθαί μοι ἐξεγένετο οὐδὲ ⟨πρὸς⟩ πολλοστὸν μέρος ὧν κατεψεύδοντο ἡμῶν· πέμπτον γὰρ μέρος εἶχον τοῦ ὕδατος. καὶ τὸ σόφισμα ἦν τοῦτο, αὐτοὺς μὲν ἑαυτοῖς συναγωνίζεσθαι καὶ ὁμολογεῖν ἅπαντα, περὶ ἡμῶν δὲ λέγειν τὰ οὐδεπώποτε γενόμενα. [¶7] 10. So, since they had formed their plot in this way, and each backed up the other’s charges against us, when the four ballot-boxes were set out according to law, the jurymen, naturally enough, as I think, were deceived and could not agree with one another, and being led astray by this trick, they voted each as chance determined. And there were a very few more votes—some three or four—in the box of Theopompus than in that of the lady. > Greek: 10. καὶ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἐπιβουλευσάντων καὶ συναγωνιζομένων ἀλλήλοις ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, καδίσκων τεττάρων τεθέντων κατὰ τὸν νόμον, εἰκότως οἶμαι οἱ δικασταὶ ἐξηπατήθησαν καὶ ἐστασίασαν ἀλλήλοις καὶ παρακρουσθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς παρασκευῆς ἐψηφίζοντο ὅ τι ἔτυχεν ἕκαστος. καὶ αἱ ψῆφοι ὀλίγαις πάνυ ἐγένοντο πλείους, ἢ τρισὶν ἢ τέτταρσιν, ἐν τῷ Θεοπόμπου καδίσκῳ ἢ ἐν τῷ τῆς γυναικός. [¶8] 11. This, then, was what took place at that time. But when this boy was born, and it seemed a fitting time, I, being in no way incensed at what had happened, but considering that the former jurymen had met with a very natural experience, introduced this boy here to the clansmen of Hagnias in the interest of Eubulides, seeing that the boy was the son of his daughter, in order that the family might not become extinct. > Greek: 11. καὶ τότε μὲν ταῦτα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἦν τὰ πραχθέντα. ἐπειδὴ δʼ οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς ἐγένετο καὶ ἐδόκει καιρὸς εἶναι, οὐκ ὀργισθεὶς ἐγὼ τοῖς γενομένοις, ἀλλʼ ἡγούμενος εἰκός τι παθεῖν τοὺς τότε δικάζοντας, εἰσήγαγον εἰς τοὺς φράτερας τοὺς τοῦ Ἁγνίου Εὐβουλίδῃ τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς ὄντα τῆς ἐκείνου, ἵνα μὴ ἐξερημωθῇ ὁ οἶκος. [¶9] 12. For the elder Eubulides, men of the jury, who was next of kin to Hagnias, prayed to the gods above all else that a son might be born to him as a daughter had been, the mother of this boy; but since he failed of this hope and not a single male child was born to him, his next dearest wish was that a son of his daughter should be adopted into his own family and that of Hagnias and should be introduced to the members of his clan; for he thought, men of the jury, that of his surviving relatives this boy was nearest to him, and that in this way their house would best be preserved and kept from extinction. > Greek: 12. ἐκεῖνος γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὁ Εὐβουλίδης, ὁ τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ γένει ὢν ἐγγυτάτω, μάλιστα μὲν ηὔχετο τοῖς θεοῖς υἱὸν αὑτῷ γενέσθαι, ὥσπερ καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ ἡ τουτουὶ μήτηρ τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτῷ ἐγένετο· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τούτου ἀπέτυχεν καὶ οὐκ ἐγένετο παῖς ἄρρην αὐτῷ οὐδὲ εἷς, μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἤδη ἐσπούδαζεν ὅπως ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς εἰσποιηθῇ αὑτῷ υἱὸς εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τὸν Ἁγνίου, καὶ εἰς τοὺς φράτερας εἰσαχθῇ τοὺς ἐκείνου, ἡγούμενος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐκ τῶν ὑπολοίπων τοῦτον εἶναι ἑαυτῷ οἰκειότατον, καὶ οὕτως ἂν μάλιστα τὸν οἶκον τὸν ἑαυτῶν διασῴζεσθαι καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐξερημωθῆναι. [¶10] 13. And I was the one to render him this service, since I was husband to the daughter of Eubulides, she having been adjudged to me as being the nearest of kin, and I introduced this boy to the clansmen of Hagnias and Eubulides, to which fellowship Theopompus, the father of Macartatus here, belonged during his lifetime, and to which Macartatus now belongs. > Greek: 13. καὶ ἐγὼ ταῦτα ὑπηρέτησα αὐτῷ, ὁ τὴν Εὐβουλίδου θυγατέρα ἔχων ἐπιδικασάμενος ὡς γένει ὢν ἐγγυτάτω, καὶ εἰσήγαγον τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ εἰς τοὺς Ἁγνίου καὶ Εὐβουλίδου φράτερας, μεθʼ ὧν καὶ Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου, ἕως ἔζη, ἐφράτριζε καὶ αὐτὸς οὗτος. [¶11] 14. And the fellow-clansmen of Macartatus here, who knew better than any others the pedigree of the family, seeing that he himself did not choose to risk a contest and did not remove the victim from the altar, as he should have done had the introduction of this boy not been legitimate, but demanded that they commit perjury,6 took the ballot while the victims were still burning, and carried it from the altar of Zeus Phatrius in the presence of the defendant Macartatus, and gave a just verdict, men of the jury—that this boy was duly and rightfully introduced as the adopted son of Eubulides into the family of Hagnias. > Greek: 14. καὶ οἱ φράτερες, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οἱ τουτουὶ Μακαρτάτου, οἱ ἄριστα εἰδότες περὶ τοῦ γένους, ὁρῶντες αὐτὸν μὲν τοῦτον οὐ ʼθέλοντα κινδυνεύειν οὐδὲ ἀπάγοντα τὸ ἱερεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ, εἰ μὴ προσηκόντως εἰσήγετο ὁ παῖς οὑτοσί, αὐτοὺς δʼ ἀξιοῦντα ἐπιορκεῖν, λαβόντες τὴν ψῆφον καομένων τῶν ἱερείων, ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ φέροντες τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ φρατρίου, παρόντος τουτουὶ Μακαρτάτου, ἐψηφίσαντο τὰ δίκαια, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὀρθῶς καὶ προσηκόντως τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ εἰσάγεσθαι Εὐβουλίδῃ υἱὸν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Ἁγνίου. [¶12] 15. But when the fellow-clansmen of the defendant Macartatus had passed this vote, this boy, as the son of Eubulides, cited the defendant Macartatus for an adjudication of claims for the estate of Hagnias, and had a day appointed by the archon for the hearing, inscribing his brother’s name as his guardian; for it was no longer open to me, men of the jury, to stand inscribed as guardian, since I had got the boy adopted into the family of Eubulides. And the citation was made by this boy according to the same laws in accordance with which these men had cited his mother, who had won the former suit in court, and was in possession of the estate of Hagnias. > Greek: 15. ψηφισαμένων δὲ ταῦτα τῶν φρατέρων τῶν τουτουὶ Μακαρτάτου, υἱὸς ὢν Εὐβουλίδου ὁ παῖς οὑτοσὶ προσεκαλέσατο Μακάρτατον τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου εἰς διαδικασίαν, καὶ ἔλαχε πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, κύριον ἐπιγραψάμενος τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ· ἐμοὶ γὰρ οὐκέτι οἷόν τʼ ἦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, κυρίῳ ἐπιγεγράφθαι, εἰσπεποιηκότι τὸν παῖδα εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Εὐβουλίδου. καὶ ἡ πρόσκλησις ἐγένετο τῷ παιδὶ τουτῳὶ κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καθʼ ὅνπερ καὶ οὗτοι προσεκαλέσαντο τὴν τουτουὶ μητέρα, τὴν νενικηκυῖαν πρότερον ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ καὶ ἔχουσαν τὸν κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου. [¶13] 16. (To the clerk.) Please read the law which ordains that citation shall be made of the person possessing the inheritance. The Law “If any person shall claim the inheritance or the heiress after adjudication has been made, let him cite before the archon the person who has obtained the adjudication just as in other suits, and a deposit to cover costs shall be made by the claimant. And if he wins an adjudication without citation, the adjudication of the estate shall be of no effect. And if the person who has had the estate adjudged to him be not living, let the claimant cite in like manner the successor, provided that the period covered by the statute of limitations has not expired. And the claim upon the possessor shall be that he shall show on what terms the person whose property he holds had it adjudged to him.” > Greek: 16. καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι τὸν νόμον, καθʼ ὃν ἡ πρόσκλησίς ἐστιν παρὰ τοῦ ἔχοντος τὸν κλῆρον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ἐὰν δʼ ἐπιδεδικασμένου ἀμφισβητῇ τοῦ κλήρου ἢ τῆς ἐπικλήρου, προσκαλείσθω τὸν ἐπιδεδικασμένον πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων δικῶν· παρακαταβολὰς δʼ εἶναι τῷ ἀμφισβητοῦντι. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ προσκαλεσάμενος ἐπιδικάσηται, ἀτελὴς ἔσται ἡ ἐπιδικασία τοῦ κλήρου. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ζῇ ὁ ἐπιδικασάμενος τοῦ κλήρου, προσκαλείσθω κατὰ ταὐτά, ᾧ ⟨ἂν⟩ ἡ προθεσμία μήπω ἐξήκῃ. τὴν δʼ ἀμφισβήτησιν εἶναι τῷ ἔχοντι, καθότι ἐπεδικάσατο οὗ ἂν ἔχῃ τὰ χρήματα. τοῦ μὲν νόμου ἀκηκόατε, δέομαι δʼ ὑμῶν δικαίαν δέησιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. [¶14] 17. You have heard the law, and it is a reasonable request I make of you, men of the jury. If I shall prove to you that this boy Eubulides here and Phylomachê, who is the mother of the boy and the daughter of Eubulides, are nearer of kin to Hagnias than Theopompus, the father of Macartatus, and not only that they are nearest of kin, but that there is absolutely no human being belonging to the house of Hagnias except the mother of this boy and the boy himself,—if I shall prove this, I beg of you, men of the jury, to give your aid to us. > Greek: 17. ἐὰν γὰρ ἐπιδείξω Θεοπόμπου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Μακαρτάτου γένει ὄντας Ἁγνίᾳ ἐγγυτέρω Εὐβουλίδην τε τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ καὶ Φυλομάχην, ἥ ἐστιν μήτηρ τῷ παιδί, Εὐβουλίδου δὲ θυγάτηρ, καὶ οὐ μόνον γένει ἐγγυτάτω ὄντας, ἀλλὰ τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲ ὄντα οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου ἄλλον ἢ τὴν μητέρα τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουὶ καὶ αὐτὸν τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα, ταῦτʼ ἐὰν ἐπιδείξω, δέομαι ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βοηθεῖν ἡμῖν. [¶15] 18. At the first, men of the jury, it was my intention to write on a board all the kinsfolk of Hagnias, and thus to exhibit them to you one by one; but when I saw plainly that not all the jurymen would have an equally good view, but that those sitting at a distance would be at a disadvantage, it is perhaps necessary to instruct you by word of mouth, for thus all will be on the same footing. I, on my part, will endeavor to the best of my ability to inform you regarding the family of Hagnias in the fewest words possible. > Greek: 18. τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον διενοήθην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, γράψας ἐν πίνακι ἅπαντας τοὺς συγγενεῖς τοὺς Ἁγνίου, οὕτως ἐπιδεικνύειν ὑμῖν καθʼ ἕκαστον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐδόκει οὐκ ⟨ἂν⟩ εἶναι ἐξ ἴσου ἡ θεωρία ἅπασι τοῖς δικασταῖς, ἀλλʼ οἱ πόρρω καθήμενοι ἀπολείπεσθαι, ἀναγκαῖον ἴσως ἐστὶν τῷ λόγῳ διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς· τοῦτο γὰρ ἅπασι κοινόν ἐστιν. πειρασόμεθα δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς ὡς ἂν μάλιστα δυνώμεθα διὰ βραχυτάτων ἐπιδεῖξαι περὶ τοῦ γένους τοῦ Ἁγνίου. [¶16] 19. Buselus, men of the jury, was a member of the deme Oeon, and to him were born five sons, Hagnias and Eubulides and Stratius and Habron and Cleocritus. And all these sons of Buselus grew up to manhood, and their father Buselus divided his property among them all fairly and equitably, as was fitting. And when they had divided the property among themselves, each of them married a wife according to your laws, and sons and grandsons were born to them all, and there sprang up five households from the single one of Buselus; and they dwelt apart, each one having his own home and begetting his descendants. > Greek: 19. Βούσελος γὰρ ἦν ἐξ Οἴου, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τούτῳ ἐγένοντο πέντε υἱεῖς, Ἁγνίας καὶ Εὐβουλίδης καὶ Στρατίος καὶ Ἅβρων καὶ Κλεόκριτος. καὶ οὗτοι ἅπαντες οἱ τοῦ Βουσέλου υἱεῖς ἄνδρες ἐγένοντο, καὶ διένειμεν αὐτοῖς τὴν οὐσίαν ὁ πατὴρ Βούσελος ἅπασιν καλῶς καὶ δικαίως, ὥσπερ προσῆκεν. νειμάμενοι δὲ τὴν οὐσίαν, γυναῖκα αὐτῶν ἕκαστος ἔγημεν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τοὺς ὑμετέρους, καὶ παῖδες ἐγένοντο αὐτοῖς ἅπασιν καὶ παίδων παῖδες, καὶ ἐγένοντο πέντε οἶκοι ἐκ τοῦ Βουσέλου οἴκου ἑνὸς ὄντος, καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστος ᾤκει τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἔχων καὶ ἐγγόνους ἑαυτοῦ ποιούμενος. [¶17] 20. Now with regard to three of the brothers, sons of Buselus, and the descendants born to them, why should I trouble you, men of the jury, or myself by going into particulars about each one? For although they are in the same degree of relationship as Theopompus, and are as near of kin to Hagnias, whose estate is in question, not one of them has ever troubled us either at an earlier time or now, nor has made any claim to the estate of Hagnias or to the woman who is the heiress, who was assigned in marriage to me; for they considered that they had no claim whatever to anything belonging to Hagnias. > Greek: 20. περὶ μὲν οἶν τῶν τριῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν τοῦ Βουσέλου υἱέων, καὶ τῶν ἐγγόνων τῶν τούτοις γενομένων, τί ἂν ἐγὼ ⟨ἢ⟩ ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πράγματα παρέχοιμι ἢ ἐμαυτῷ, ἐξηγούμενος περὶ ἑκάστου; ὄντες γὰρ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει Θεοπόμπῳ καὶ προσήκοντες ὁμοίως τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν οὔτε πρότερον πώποτε οὔτε νῦν ἠνώχλησεν ἡμῖν, οὐδʼ ἠμφεσβήτησεν οὔτε τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὔτε τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς ἐπικλήρου, ἣν ἐγὼ ἔχω ἐπιδικασάμενος, ἡγούμενοι οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν προσήκειν ἑαυτοῖς οὐδενὸς τῶν Ἁγνίου. [¶18] 21. It seems to me therefore that it would be entirely superfluous to say anything about them save only what I cannot help mentioning. Of Theopompus, however, the father of Macartatus, and of Macartatus the defendant himself, it is necessary for me to speak. Yet the story, men of the jury, is a short one. As you have just heard, Buselus had five sons. One of these was Stratius, the ancestor of Macartatus, and another was Hagnias, the ancestor of this boy. > Greek: 21. περίεργον δή μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι λέγειν τι περὶ τούτων, πλὴν ὅσα ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐστὶν ἐπιμνησθῆναι. περὶ δὲ Θεοπόμπου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Μακαρτάτου καὶ αὐτοῦ τουτουὶ Μακαρτάτου, περὶ τούτων μοί ἐστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης λέγειν. ἔστιν δὲ βραχὺς ὁ λόγος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. ὥσπερ γὰρ ὀλίγον τι πρότερον ἀκηκόατε ὅτι τῷ Βουσέλῳ πέντε υἱεῖς ἐγένοντο, τούτων εἷς ἦν Στρατίος ὁ τουτουὶ πρόγονος Μακαρτάτου, καὶ ἕτερος Ἁγνίας ὁ τουτουὶ πρόγονος τοῦ παιδός. [¶19] 22. To Hagnias was born a son, Polemon, and a daughter, Phylomachê, sister of Polemon by the same father and the same mother; and to Stratius, the brother of Hagnias, there were born Phanostratus and Charidemus, the grandfather of the defendant Macartatus. Now I ask you, men of the jury, which is nearer of kin and more closely related to Hagnias, his son Polemon and his daughter Phylomachê, or Charidemus, the son of Stratius, and nephew of Hagnias? For my part I think that to every one of us his son and daughter are more nearly related than his nephew; and not only with us does this hold good, but also among all other people whether Greeks or barbarians. > Greek: 22. ἐγένετο δὴ υἱὸς τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ Πολέμων καὶ θυγάτηρ Φυλομάχη, ἀδελφὴ τοῦ Πολέμωνος ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία· τοῦ δὲ Στρατίου ἐγένοντο τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου Φανόστρατος καὶ Χαρίδημος ὁ τουτουὶ πάππος Μακαρτάτου. ἐρωτῶ δὴ ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πότερος οἰκειότερός ἐστιν καὶ προσήκει μᾶλλον τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ, ὁ υἱὸς ὁ Πολέμων καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ ἡ Φυλομάχη, ἢ Χαρίδημος ὁ υἱὸς Στρατίου, ἀδελφιδοῦς δʼ Ἁγνίου; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα οἰκειότερον εἶναι ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν· καὶ οὐ μόνον παρʼ ἡμῖν τοῦτο νενόμισται, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις. [¶20] 23. Since, then, this is admitted, you will now easily follow the rest of the argument men of the jury, and you will see how arbitrary and how reckless these men are. To Polemon, son of Hagnias, was born a son, Hagnias, having the name of his grandfather Hagnias, and this second Hagnias died without issue. > Greek: 23. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο ὁμολογεῖται, ῥᾳδίως ἤδη τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, παρακολουθήσετε, καὶ αἰσθήσεσθε τούτους ὅτι εἰσὶ βίαιοι καὶ ἀσελγεῖς ἄνθρωποι. τοῦ Πολέμωνος γὰρ τοῦ υἱέος τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἐγένετο υἱὸς Ἁγνίας, τὸ τοῦ πάππου τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ὄνομʼ ἔχων, τοῦ Ἁγνίου. καὶ οὗτος μὲν ἄπαις ἐτελεύτησεν ὁ Ἁγνίας ὁ ὕστερος. [¶21] 24. But from Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, and Philagrus, to whom her brother Polemon had given her in marriage, he being his first cousin (for Philagrus was the son of Eubulides, the brother of Hagnias)—from Philagrus, I say, the cousin of Polemon, and Phylomachê the sister of Polemon, there was born Eubulides the father of this boy’s mother. These sons, then, were born to Polemon and to Polemon’s sister Phylomachê. But to Charidemus, the son of Stratius, there was born a son Theopompus, the father of the defendant Macartatus. > Greek: 24. τῆς Φυλομάχης δὲ τῆς ἀδελφῆς τῆς Πολέμωνος, καὶ Φιλάγρου, ᾧ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν ὁ ἀδελφὸς Πολέμων ἀνεψιῷ ὄντι ἑαυτοῦ (ὁ γὰρ Φίλαγρος υἱὸς ἦν Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου), τοῦ δὴ Φιλάγρου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Πολέμωνος καὶ τῆς Φυλομάχης τῆς ἀδελφῆς τῆς Πολέμωνος ἐγένετο υἱὸς Εὐβουλίδης, ὁ πατὴρ ὁ τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί. καὶ οὗτοι μὲν υἱεῖς ἐγένοντο Πολέμωνι καὶ τῇ ἀδελφῇ τῇ Πολέμωνος Φυλομάχῃ. τοῦ δὲ Χαριδήμου ἐγένετο, τοῦ υἱέος τοῦ Στρατίου, Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου. [¶22] 25. Again, then, I ask you, men of the jury, which is nearer of kin and more closely related to the first Hagnias, Hagnias, the son of Polemon, and Eubulides, the son of Phylomachê and Philagrus, or Theopompus, the son of Charidemus and grandson of Stratius? I am of the opinion, men of the jury, that if the son and the daughter are the nearest of kin, so, too, the son’s son and the daughter’s son are more nearly related than the son of a nephew and one who is a member of another branch of the family. > Greek: 25. πάλιν δὴ ἐρωτῶ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πότερος οἰκειότερός ἐστιν καὶ προσήκει μᾶλλον Ἁγνίᾳ τῷ πρώτῳ ἐκείνῳ, ὁ Πολέμωνος υἱὸς Ἁγνίας καὶ Εὐβουλίδης ὁ Φυλομάχης υἱὸς καὶ Φιλάγρου, ἢ Θεόπομπος ὁ Χαριδήμου υἱός, Στρατίου δὲ ὑϊδοῦς; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οἶμαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἴπερ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς οἰκειότατός ἐστιν καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ, πάλιν ὁ ὑϊδοῦς καὶ ὁ ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς υἱός, οὗτοι οἰκειότεροί εἰσι μᾶλλον ἢ ὁ τοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦ υἱὸς καὶ ὁ ἐξ ἑτέρου ὢν οἴκου. [¶23] 26. Well, to Theopompus was born a son, Macartatus, the defendant, and to Eubulides, the son of Phylomachê, and cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side; this boy, who is to Hagnias the son of a first cousin on the father’s side; since Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides and Polemon, the father of Hagnias, were brother and sister, born of the same father and the same mother. But to Macartatus here, the son of Theopompus, there has been no issue which is both in the family of Hagnias and in that of Stratius. > Greek: 26. τῷ μὲν οὖν Θεοπόμπῳ ἐγένετο υἱὸς Μακάρτατος οὑτοσί, τῷ δὲ Εὐβουλίδῃ τῷ τῆς Φυλομάχης υἱεῖ, ἀνεψιῷ δὲ Ἁγνίου ὄντι πρὸς πατρός, οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς ὢν Ἁγνίᾳ πρὸς πατρός, ἐπειδὴ ἡ Φυλομάχη ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου καὶ ὁ Πολέμων ὁ πατὴρ ὁ Ἁγνίου ἀδελφοὶ ἦσαν ὁμοπάτριοι καὶ ὁμομήτριοι. τῷ δέ γε Μακαρτάτῳ τῳδί, τῷ υἱεῖ τῷ Θεοπόμπου, οὐδὲν ἐγένετο ἔκγονον ὅ τι ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ τούτου καὶ τῷ Στρατίου. [¶24] 27. Such being the facts, this boy here has one of the titles mentioned in the law, and up to which the law ordains that the right of succession should extend; for he is the child of the first cousin of Hagnias, since his father Eubulides was cousin to Hagnias, whose inheritance is in question. Theopompus, on the contrary, the father of the defendant Macartatus, could not have appropriated to himself any one of the titles mentioned in the law, for he belonged to another branch of the family, that of Stratius. > Greek: 27. τούτων δʼ οὕτως ἐχόντων, τῷ μὲν παιδὶ τουτῳί ἐστιν ὄνομα τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ εἰρημένων, καὶ μέχρι ὧν ὁ νόμος κελεύει τὴν ἀγχιστείαν εἶναι· ἀνεψιοῦ γὰρ Ἁγνίου παῖς ἐστιν· ὁ γὰρ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Εὐβουλίδης ἀνεψιὸς ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος. ὁ δέ γε Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου οὐκ ἂν εἶχεν ὄνομα θέσθαι αὑτῷ τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ εἰρημένων οὐδέν· ἐξ ἑτέρου γὰρ οἴκου ἦν, τοῦ Στρατίου. [¶25] 28. But it is not fitting, men of the jury, that any man whatsoever should possess the estate of Hagnias, one who belongs to another branch, so long as there is left any one of those born of the branch of Hagnias; no, nor is it right to expel such person by violence, as these men are trying to do, while they are themselves more distantly related, and not of the same branch of the family. For this, men of the jury, is the point upon which Theopompus, the father of the defendant Macartatus, misled the jury. > Greek: 28. οὐ προσήκει δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων ἔχειν τὸν κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου ὄντα, ἕως ἄν τις λείπηται τῶν γενομένων ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, οὐδʼ ἐκβάλλειν βίᾳ, ὅπερ οὗτοι διαπράττονται, γένει τε ἀπωτέρω ὄντες καὶ οὐκ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ οἴκῳ. τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ᾧ παρεκρούσατο Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου. [¶26] 29. Who, then, are those still surviving in the branch of Hagnias? Phylomachê, my wife, who is the daughter of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, and this boy, who has been adopted into the family of Eubulides and Hagnias. Theopompus, however, the father of the defendant Macartatus, not being himself of the branch of Hagnias, told the jurymen a monstrous lie regarding Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon and the aunt of Hagnias, alleging that she was not the sister of Polemon, the son of Hagnias, by the same father and mother, and another in pretending that he himself was of the same family as Hagnias, whereas he had never belonged to it. > Greek: 29. τίνες οὖν οἱ λοιποί; οἱ ἔτι νῦν ὄντες ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, Φυλομάχη τε ἡ ἐμὴ γυνή, Εὐβουλίδου δὲ θυγάτηρ οὖσα τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς ὁ εἰσηγμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Εὐβουλίδου καὶ Ἁγνίου. Θεόπομπος δὲ ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου, οὐκ ὢν τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἐψεύσατο πρὸς τοὺς δικαστὰς ὑπερμέγεθες ψεῦδος περί τε τῆς Φυλομάχης τῆς τοῦ Πολέμωνος ἀδελφῆς, τηθίδος δὲ Ἁγνίου, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν τῷ Πολέμωνι τῷ τοῦ Ἁγνίου υἱεῖ ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία ἀδελφή, καὶ πάλιν προσποιούμενος τοῦ αὐτοῦ οἴκου εἶναι Ἁγνίᾳ, ὁ οὐδεπώποτε γενόμενος. [¶27] 30. All these assertions Theopompus made fearlessly, not producing any witness who would have been responsible to us, but having only his associates to corroborate what he said; for they were leagued with one another and did everything in concert, in order to rob the lady, the mother of this boy here, of the inheritance which you by your votes had decided to be hers. > Greek: 30. ταῦτα δὲ πάντα ἀδεῶς ἔλεγεν ὁ Θεόπομπος, μάρτυρα μὲν οὐδένα παρασχόμενος, ὅστις ἔμελλεν ὑπεύθυνος ἡμῖν ἔσεσθαι, συνομολογοῦντας δʼ ἑαυτῷ ἔχων τοὺς κοινωνούς, οἳ ἦσαν ἀλλήλοις συναγωνισταὶ καὶ ἅπαντα ἔπραττον κοινῇ, ὅπως ἀφέλωνται τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν τουτουὶ μητέρα τοῦ παιδὸς τὸν κλῆρον, ὃν αὐτῇ ὑμεῖς ἐψηφίσασθε. [¶28] 31. I wish now, men of the jury, to produce witnesses in support of the statements which I have made to you—first, to prove that Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias as being the nearest of kin, and then to establish the rest of the facts. (To the clerk.) Read the deposition. The Deposition “The deponents state that they were present before the arbitrator in the archonship of Nicophemus, when Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias against all who disputed her title.” > Greek: 31. βούλομαι οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, περὶ ὧν εἴρηκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, μαρτυρίας παρασχέσθαι, πρῶτον μὲν ὡς ἐνίκησεν τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ Φυλομάχη, γένει οὖσα ἐγγυτάτω, ἔπειτα περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων. ἀναγίγνωσκε τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ ἐπὶΝικοφήμου ἄρχοντος, ὅτε ἐνίκησε Φυλομάχη ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τοὺς ἀμφισβητοῦντας αὐτῇ πάντας. [¶29] 32. That Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias, you have heard, men of the jury. And she won it, not by wrongful trickery or conspiracy, but in the fairest manner possible, since we proved that she was nearest of kin to Hagnias, whose estate is in question, being the daughter of his cousin on his father’s side, and being of the same branch as Hagnias. > Greek: 32. ὅτι μὲν ἐνίκησεν ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. καὶ αὕτη ἐνίκησεν οὐδεμιᾷ παρασκευῇ ἀδίκῳ οὐδὲ συνωμοσίᾳ, ἀλλʼ ὡς οἷόν τε δικαιότατα, ἐπιδειξάντων ἡμῶν ὅτι γένει ἐγγυτάτω ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς οὖσα πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου οὖσα τοῦ Ἁγνίου. [¶30] 33. When, therefore, Macartatus says that his father Theopompus won judgement for this estate, make answer to him on your part, men of the jury, that the lady also won judgement before Theopompus, the defendant’s father, and that the lady won her case fairly, since she was of the same branch as Hagnias, being the daughter of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, but that Theopompus did not win the suit, but prevailed by trickery, being himself in no sense whatever of the branch of Hagnias. > Greek: 33. ἐπειδὰν οὖν λέγῃ Μακάρτατος, ὅτι ἐνίκησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Θεόπομπος τοῦ κλήρου τούτου, ὑπολαμβάνετε αὐτῷ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἐνίκησεν πρότερον ἢ Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατήρ, καὶ ὅτι δικαίως ἐνίκησεν ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου οὖσα τοῦ Ἁγνίου, Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ οὖσα, τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὁ δὲ Θεόπομπος ὅτι οὐκ ἐνίκησεν, ἀλλὰ παρεκρούσατο, οὐκ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τὸ παράπαν τοῦ Ἁγνίου. [¶31] 34. Make this reply to him yourselves, men of the jury, and also state that against this boy Eubulides, son of Eubulides, son of the first cousin on his father’s side of Hagnias, whose estate is in question, neither Theopompus, the father of Macartatus, nor any other man ever at any time won a judgement. At the present time the contest and the trial to adjudge the estate of Hagnias are between this son of Eubulides and the defendant Macartatus, the son of Theopompus; and whichever of these two shall in your judgement speak most in harmony with justice and the laws, to him, it is plain, you jurymen will give your votes. > Greek: 34. ταῦτα αὐτῷ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπολαμβάνετε, καὶ ὅτι τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ Εὐβουλίδην, τὸν Εὐβουλίδου υἱόν, Ἁγνίου δέ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖδα πρὸς πατρός, οὔτε Θεόπομπος ὁ Μακαρτάτου πατὴρ οὔτε ἄλλος οὐδεὶς πώποτε ἀνθρώπων ἐνίκησεν. νυνὶ δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ ἀγὼν καὶ ἡ διαδικασία περὶ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τῷ Εὐβουλίδου υἱεῖ τούτῳ καὶ Μακαρτάτῳ τουτῳὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου υἱεῖ· καὶ ὁπότερος τούτων δικαιότερα λέγειν δόξει καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους μᾶλλον, δῆλον ὅτι τούτῳ ὑμεῖς οἱ δικασταὶ προσθήσεσθε. [¶32] 35. (To the clerk.) Read the remaining depositions; first, those proving that Phylomachê, the aunt of Hagnias, was sister by the same father and the same mother to Polemon, the father of Hagnias; after that he shall read all the other depositions which have to do with the pedigree. The Depositions “The deponents testify that they are fellow-demesmen of Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and that they know that Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides, was considered to be the sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, by the same father and the same mother, and that they never heard from anyone that Polemon, the son of Hagnias, had a brother.” Another “The deponents testify that Oenanthê, the mother of their grandfather Stratonides, was first cousin to Polemon, the father of Hagnias, their fathers having been brothers, and that they heard from their own father that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, never had any brother, but had a sister, born of the same father and the same mother, namely Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides, the father of Phylomachê, wife of Sositheus.” > Greek: 35. ἀναγίγνωσκε τὰς μαρτυρίας τὰς ὑπολοίπους, πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι ἡ Φυλομάχη ἡ τοῦ Ἁγνίου τηθὶς ἀδελφὴ ἦν ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία τῷ Πολέμωνι τῷ Ἁγνίου πατρί· ἔπειτα τὰς ἄλλας ἁπάσας ἀναγνώσεται ⟨τὰς⟩ περὶ τοῦ γένους. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. μαρτυροῦσι δημόται εἶναι Φιλάγρῳ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου πατρὶ καὶ Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, καὶ εἰδέναι Φυλομάχην τὴν μητέρα τὴν Εὐβουλίδου νομιζομένην ἀδελφὴν εἶναι Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου ὁμοπατρίαν καὶ ὁμομητρίαν, καὶ μηδενὸς πώποτʼ ἀκοῦσαι ὡς γένοιτο ἀδελφὸς Πολέμωνι τῷ Ἁγνίου. ΑΛΛΗ. [¶33] 36. Another “The deponent testifies that he is a relative and fellow-clansman and fellow-demesman of Hagnias and Eubulides, and that he heard from his own father and other relatives that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, never had any brother, but had a sister, born of the same father and the same mother, namely Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides, the father of Phylomachê, wife of Sositheus.” Another “The deponent testifies that Archimachus was his grandfather and adopted him as his son, and that he was a relative of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and that he heard from Archimachus and his other relatives that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, never had any brother, but had a sister, born of the same father and the same mother, namely Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides, the father of Phylomachê, wife of Sositheus.” > Greek: 36. μαρτυροῦσιν Οἰνάνθην, τὴν μητέρα τοῦ πάππου τοῦ ἑαυτῶν Στρατωνίδου, ἀνεψιὰν εἶναι ἐκ πατραδέλφων Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, καὶ ἀκούειν τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἑαυτῶν, ὅτι Πολέμωνι ἀδελφὸς οὐδεὶς γένοιτο πώποτε, τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, ἀδελφὴ δὲ Φυλομάχη ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία, ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦΦυλομάχης τῆς Σωσιθέου γυναικός. ΑΛΛΗ. μαρτυρεῖ συγγενὴς εἶναι καὶ φράτηρ καὶ δημότης Ἁγνίᾳ καὶ Εὐβουλίδῃ, καὶ ἀκούειν τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἑαυτῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συγγενῶν, ὅτι ἀδελφὸς οὐδεὶς ἐγένετο Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, ἀδελφὴ δʼ ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία Φυλομάχη ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Φυλομάχης τῆς Σωσιθέου γυναικός. ΑΛΛΗ. [¶34] 37. Another “The deponent testifies that his wife’s father Callistratus was first cousin to Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and to Charidemus, the father of Theopompus, their fathers having been brothers, and that his mother was daughter of a first cousin to Polemon, and that their mother often said to them that Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides, was sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, born of the same father and the same mother, and that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, never had any brother.” > Greek: 37. μαρτυρεῖ πάππον εἶναι ἑαυτοῦ Ἀρχίμαχον καὶ ποιήσασθαι ἑαυτὸν υἱόν, καὶ εἶναι αὐτὸν συγγενῆ Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγίου, καὶ ἀκούειν Ἀρχιμάχου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συγγενῶν, ὅτι ἀδελφὸς οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ ἐγένετο Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, ἀδελφὴ δʼ ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία Φυλομάχη ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Φυλομάχης τῆς Σωσιθέου γυναικός. ΑΛΛΗ. μαρτυρεῖ τὸν πατέρα τῆς ἑαυτοῦ γυναικὸς Καλλίστρατον ἀνεψιὸν εἶναι ἐκ πατραδέλφων Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου καὶ Χαριδήμῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου, τὴν δὲ μητέρα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ παῖδα εἶναι Πολέμωνι, καὶ λέγειν τὴν μητέρα τὴν αὑτῶν πρὸς αὑτοὺς πολλάκις, ὅτι Φυλομάχη ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου ἀδελφὴ ἦν Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία, καὶ ὅτι ἀδελφὸς οὐδεὶς πώποτε γένοιτο Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου. [¶35] 38. In the former trial, men of the jury, when these men formed their conspiracy with one another and acted in concert, the whole group of them, in their contest against the lady, we, on our part, men of the jury, neither prepared depositions regarding facts that were admitted, nor summoned witnesses, but thought that in these matters at least we were perfectly safe; whereas our opponents had equipped themselves with all manner of shameless artifices for the trial, and had their minds set upon this thing alone—to deceive the jurymen for the moment. > Greek: 38. τὸ πρότερον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτε συνώμοσαν ἀλλήλοις οὗτοι καὶ συστάντες ἠγωνίζοντο πολλοὶ ὄντες πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα, ἡμεῖς μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὔτε μαρτυρίας ἐγράψαμεν περὶ τῶν ὁμολογουμένων, οὔτε μάρτυρας προσεκαλεσάμεθα, ἀλλʼ ᾠόμεθα ταῦτά γε ἀδεῶς ὑπάρχειν ἡμῖν· οὗτοι δὲ τά τε ἄλλα πολλὰ καὶ ἀναίσχυντα παρεσκευάσαντο εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα, καὶ ἔμελεν αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν πλὴν τοῦ ἐξαπατῆσαι ἐν τῷ παρόντι τότε καιρῷ τοὺς δικαστάς, οἵτινες κατεχρῶντο ὡς τῷ Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου τὸ παράπαν οὐδεμία γένοιτο ἀδελφὴ ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία· [¶36] 39. They had the audacity to assert that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, had no sister at all born of the same father and the same mother; so abominably impudent were they, seeking to mislead the jurymen in a matter of such importance and so well-known, and they spent all their efforts and strove beyond all else to establish this. We have, however, on this present occasion produced this host of witnesses regarding the sister of Polemon and aunt of Hagnias. > Greek: 39. οὕτως ἦσαν ἀναίσχυντοι καὶ βδελυροί, τηλικουτονὶ πρᾶγμα παρακρουόμενοι τοὺς δικαστὰς καὶ οὑτωσὶ περιφανές, καὶ ἐσπούδαζον καὶ ἠγωνίζοντο περὶ τούτου μάλιστα. ἡμεῖς δέ γε νυνὶ μάρτυρας ὑμῖν τοσουτουσὶ παρεσχήμεθα περὶ τῆς Πολέμωνος ἀδελφῆς, τηθίδος δὲ Ἁγνίου. [¶37] 40. On the defendant’s side let whoever will give evidence either that Polemon and Phylomachê were not brother and sister, born of the same father and the same mother, or that Polemon was not the son, and Phylomachê not the daughter, of Hagnias, the son of Buselus; or that Polemon was not the father of Hagnias, whose estate is in question, and Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, not his aunt; > Greek: 40. τούτῳ δʼ ὁ βουλόμενος μαρτυρησάτω, ἢ ὡς οὐκ ἦσαν ἀδελφοὶ ὁμοπάτριοι καὶ ὁμομήτριοι Πολέμων καὶ Φυλομάχη, ἢ ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ὁ μὲν Πολέμων υἱός, ἡ δὲ Φυλομάχη θυγάτηρ Ἁγνίου τοῦ Βουσέλου υἱέος, ἢ ὅτι ὁ Πολέμων οὐκ ἦν πατὴρ Ἁγνίου, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, οὐδʼ ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἡ Πολέμωνος Φυλομάχη τηθίς, ἢ ὡς Εὐβουλίδης οὐκ ἦν Φυλομάχης υἱὸς οὐδὲ Φιλάγρου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἢ ἐκεῖνο ὅτι Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὐκ ἔστι Φυλομάχη θυγάτηρ ἡ νῦν ἔτι οὖσα, οὐδʼ υἱὸς οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς, εἰσπεποιημένος κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τοὺς ὑμετέρους εἰς τὸν Εὐβουλίδου οἶκον, ἢ ὡς ὁ Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου ἦν τοῦ Ἁγνίου. [¶38] 41. or that Eubulides was not the son of Phylomachê, or of Philagrus, the cousin of Hagnias; or this, that the still-living Phylomachê is not the daughter of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, and this boy not his son, adopted according to your laws into the family of Eubulides or that Theopompus, the father of the defendant, Macartatus, belonged to the branch of Hagnias. Let anyone give testimony in his favor on whatever one of these points he chooses. But I know well that no mortal man will be so daring or so senseless. However, that it may be the more clear to you, men of the jury, that in the former trial they got the upper hand through their shameless audacity, and that they advanced no just arguments, (to the clerk) read all the depositions that remain. The Depositions “The deponent testifies that he is a relative of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and that he heard from his father that Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and Phanostratus, the father of Stratius, and Callistratus, the father of the wife of Sosias, and Euctemon, who was king, and Charidemus, the father of Theopompus and Stratocles, were first cousins to Polemon, their fathers all having been brothers, and that Eubulides, with reference to his father Philagrus, stood in the same degree of relationship as the sons of these men and Hagnias, while with reference to his mother Phylomachê, he was recognized as the first cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side, since he was the son of the paternal aunt of Hagnias.” Another “The deponents testify that they are relatives of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and of Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and of Euctemon, who was king, and that they know that Euctemon was brother by the same father to Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and that when suit for the adjudication of the estate of Hagnias was instituted by Eubulides against Glaucon, Euctemon was still living, being first cousin to Polemon, the father of Hagnias, their fathers having been brothers, and that Euctemon did not dispute with Eubulides his title to the estate of Hagnias, nor did anyone else on the score of kinship on that occasion.” > Greek: 41. τούτων ὅ τι βούλεταί τις μαρτυρησάτω αὐτῷ. ἀλλʼ εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι οὐδεὶς οὕτω τολμηρὸς ἔσται οὐδὲ ἀπονενοημένος ἄνθρωπος. ὡς δὲ καταφανὲς ὑμῖν ἔσται, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι τὸ πρότερον ἀναισχυντοῦντες περιεγένοντο, δίκαιον δὲ οὐδὲν ἔλεγον, ἀναγίγνωσκε τὰς μαρτυρίας, ὅσαι εἰσὶν ἔτι ὑπόλοιποι. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. μαρτυρεῖ συγγενὴς εἶναι Πολέμωνι τῷ Ἁγνίου πατρί, καὶ ἀκούειν τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἀνεψιοὺς εἶναι ἐκ πατραδέλφων Πολέμωνι Φίλαγρόν τε τὸν Εὐβουλίδου πατέρα καὶ Φανόστρατον τὸν Στρατίου πατέρα καὶ Καλλίστρατον τὸν πατέρα τῆς Σωσίου γυναικὸς καὶ Εὐκτήμονα τὸν βασιλεύσαντα καὶ Χαρίδημον τὸν πατέρα τὸν Θεοπόμπου καὶ Στρατοκλέους, καὶ εἶναι τοῖς τούτων υἱέσι καὶ Ἁγνίᾳ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει Εὐβουλίδην κατὰ τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Φίλαγρον, κατὰ δὲ τὴν μητέρα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ Φυλομάχην νομιζόμενον ἀνεψιὸν εἶναι Εὐβουλίδην Ἁγνίᾳ πρὸς πατρός, ἐκ τηθίδος γεγονότα Ἁγνίᾳ τῆς πρὸς πατρός. ΑΛΛΗ. [¶39] 43. Another “The deponents testify that their father Strato was a relative of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and of Charidemus, the father of Theopompus, and of Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and that they heard from their father that Philagrus took for his first wife Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, born of the same father and the same mother, and that Philagrus had by Phylomachê a son Eubulides, and that after the death of Phylomachê Philagrus took a second wife Telesippê, and there was born a brother to Eubulides, namely Menestheus, of the same father but not of the same mother; and that when Eubulides made claim to the estate of Hagnias on the score of kinship, Menestheus did not dispute his title to the estate of Hagnias, nor did Euctemon, the brother of Philagrus, nor did anyone else on the score of kinship dispute the title of Eubulides on that occasion.” Another “The deponent testifies that his father Archimachus was a relative of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, and of Charidemus, the father of Theopompus, and of Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and that he heard from their father that Philagrus took for his first wife Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, born of the same father and the same mother, and that by Phylomachê he had a son Eubulides, and that after the death of Phylomachê Philagrus took a second wife Telesippê, and that Philagrus had by Telesippê a son Menestheus, a brother to Eubulides, of the same father but not of the same mother; and that when Eubulides. > Greek: 43. μαρτυροῦσι συγγενεῖς εἶναι Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου καὶ Φιλάγρῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου καὶ Εὐκτήμονι τῷ βασιλεύσαντι, καὶ εἰδέναι Εὐκτήμονα ἀδελφὸν ὄντα ὁμοπάτριον Φιλάγρῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου· καὶ ὁπότε ἡ ἐπιδικασία ἦν τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου Εὐβουλίδῃ πρὸς Γλαύκωνα, ἔτι ζῆν Εὐκτήμονα, ἐκ πατραδέλφων ἀνεψιὸν ὄντα Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ ⟨τῷ⟩ Ἁγνίου, καὶ μὴ ἀμφισβητῆσαι Εὐκτήμονα Εὐβουλίδῃ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, μηδʼ ἄλλον μηδένα κατὰ γένος τότε. ΑΛΛΗ. μαρτυροῦσι τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἑαυτῶν Στράτωνα συγγενῆ εἶναι Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου καὶ Χαριδήμῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου καὶ Φιλάγρῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου, καὶ ἀκούειν τοῦ ἑαυτῶν πατρός, ὅτι Φίλαγρος λάβοι γυναῖκα πρώτην μὲν Φυλομάχην ἀδελφὴν Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου ὁμοπατρίαν καὶ ὁμομητρίαν, καὶ γενέσθαι Φιλάγρῳ ἐκ μὲν τῆς Φυλομάχης Εὐβουλίδην, ἀποθανούσης δὲ Φυλομάχης ἑτέραν λαβεῖν γυναῖκα Φίλαγρον Τελεσίππην, καὶ γενέσθαι ὁμοπάτριον μὲν ἀδελφὸν Εὐβουλίδῃ Μενεσθέα, ὁμομήτριον δὲ μή· καὶ Εὐβουλίδου ἀμφισβητήσαντος τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου κατὰ γένος, Μενεσθέα μὴ ἀμφισβητῆσαι τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, μηδʼ Εὐκτήμονα τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν Φιλάγρου, μηδʼ ἄλλον μηδένα κατὰ γένος πρὸς Εὐβουλίδην τότε. ΑΛΛΗ. [¶40] 45. made claim to the estate of Hagnias on the score of kinship, Menestheus did not dispute his claim to the estate, nor did Euctemon, the brother of Philagrus, nor did anyone else on the score of kinship dispute the title of Eubulides on that occasion.” Another “The deponent testifies that his mother’s father Callistratus was brother to Euctemon, who was king, and to Philagrus, the father of Eubulides, and that these men were first cousins to Polemon the father of Hagnias, and to Charidemus, the father of Theopompus, and that he heard from his mother that Polemon, the father of Hagnias, had no brother, but had a sister Phylomachê, born of the same father and the same mother, and that Philagrus married this Phylomachê, and they had a son Eubulides, the father of Phylomachê, the wife of Sositheus.” > Greek: 45. μαρτυρεῖ τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Ἀρχίμαχον συγγενῆ εἶναι Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου καὶ Χαριδήμῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου καὶ Φιλάγρῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου, καὶ ἀκούειν τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἑαυτῶν, ὅτι Φίλαγρος λάβοι γυναῖκα πρώτην μὲν Φυλομάχην ἀδελφὴν Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου ὁμοπατρίαν καὶ ὁμομητρίαν, καὶ γενέσθαι ἐκ μὲν Φυλομάχης Εὐβουλίδην, ἀποθανούσης δὲ Φυλομάχης ἑτέραν λαβεῖν γυναῖκα Φίλαγρον Τελεσίππην, καὶ γενέσθαι Φιλάγρῳ ἐκ Τελεσίππης Μενεσθέα, ὁμοπάτριον μὲν ἀδελφὸν Εὐβουλίδῃ, ὁμομήτριον δὲ μή· ἀμφισβητήσαντος δὲ ⟨Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ κλήρου⟩ τοῦ Ἁγνίου κατὰ γένος, Μενεσθέα μὴ ἀμφισβητῆσαι τοῦ κλήρου, μηδʼ Εὐκτήμονα τὸν ἀδελφὸν ⟨τὸν⟩ Φιλάγρου, μηδʼ ἄλλον μηδένα κατὰ γένος πρὸς Εὐβουλίδην τότε. ΑΛΛΗ. μαρτυρεῖ τὸν πατέρα τῆς ἑαυτοῦ μητρὸς Καλλίστρατον ἀδελφὸν εἶναι Εὐκτήμονι τῷ βασιλεύσαντι καὶ Φιλάγρῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου, ἀνεψιοὺς δʼ εἶναι τούτους Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου καὶ Χαριδήμῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου, καὶ ἀκούειν τῆς μητρὸς τῆς ἑαυτοῦ, ὅτι ἀδελφὸς οὐ γένοιτο Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ ⟨τῷ⟩ Ἁγνίου, ἀδελφὴ δὲ γένοιτο ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία Φυλομάχη, καὶ ταύτην λάβοι τὴν Φυλομάχην Φίλαγρος, καὶ γένοιτο ἐξ αὐτῶν Εὐβουλίδης ὁ πατὴρ ὁ Φυλομάχης τῆς Σωσιθέου γυναικός. ## 2. Sections 47–84 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-macartatus/2/#p-N [¶0] 47. It was necessary to read these depositions, men of the jury, in order that we might not suffer the same experience as before, by being caught by these men unprepared. But far more convincing even than these shall be the testimony that Macartatus will give against himself, proving that neither his father Theopompus nor himself has any claim whatever to inherit anything from Hagnias, Theopompus being less near of kin, and belonging to quite a different branch of the family. > Greek: 47. ἀναγνῶναι μὲν τὰς μαρτυρίας ταύτας ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἵνα μὴ τὸ αὐτὸ πάθοιμεν ὅπερ τὸ πρότερον, ἀπαράσκευοι ληφθέντες ὑπὸ τούτων. πολὺ δὲ σαφέστερον ἔτι αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ Μακάρτατος οὑτοσὶ καταμαρτυρήσει, ὅτι οὔτε Θεοπόμπῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ αὑτοῦ οὔτε αὐτῷ τούτῳ προσήκει οὐδενὸς κληρονομεῖν τῶν Ἁγνίου, γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντος τοῦ Θεοπόμπου καὶ οὐδʼ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ οἴκου τὸ παράπαν. [¶1] 48. For suppose one should ask, men of the jury, Who is the person who disputes this boy’s title to the estate of Hagnias? I know well that he would say, Macartatus. Born of what father? Theopompus. And of what mother? Apolexis, daughter of a Prospaltian, and sister of Macartatus, also a Prospaltian. And who was the father of Theopompus? Charidemus. And of whom was Charidemus the son? Of Stratius. And of whom Stratius? Of Buselus. This, men of the jury, is the branch of Stratius, one of the sons of Buselus; and these whose names you have heard are descendants of Stratius; and among them there is not one single name of those belonging to the branch of Hagnias, or even one that is similar. > Greek: 48. εἰ γάρ τις ἀνακρίνοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὑτοσὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἀμφισβητῶν τῷ παιδὶ τούτῳ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου; εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἀποκρίναιτʼ ἄν, Μακάρτατος. τίνος ὢν πατρός; Θεοπόμπου. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Ἀπολήξιδος θυγατρὸς Προσπαλτίου, ἀδελφῆς δὲ Μακαρτάτου Προσπαλτίου. ὁ δὲ Θεόπομπος τίνος ἦν πατρός; Χαριδήμου. ὁ δὲ Χαρίδημος τίνος; Στρατίου. ὁ δὲ Στρατίος τίνος; Βουσέλου. οὑτοσί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐστιν ὁ Στρατίου οἶκος, ἑνὸς τῶν Βουσέλου υἱέων, καὶ ἔκγονοι οὗτοί εἰσιν Στρατίου, οὓς ὑμεῖς ἀκηκόατε· καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐδαμοῦ ἐστιν οὐδὲν ὄνομα τῶν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ παραπλήσιον. [¶2] 49. Now again I shall question this boy, asking who he is who contests the claim of Macartatus to the estate of Hagnias. The boy can make no other possible answer, men of the jury, than that he is Eubulides. The son of what father? Of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias. And of what mother? Of Phylomachê, who was the daughter of a first cousin to Hagnias on the father’s side. But of whom was Eubulides the son? Of Philagrus, the cousin of Hagnias. And of what mother? Of Phylomachê, the aunt of Hagnias. > Greek: 49. πάλιν δὴ ἀνακρίνω τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, τίς ὢν ἀμφισβητεῖ Μακαρτάτῳ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου. οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἄλλʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἀποκρίνασθαι ὁ παῖς, ἢ ὅτι Εὐβουλίδης. τίνος ὢν πατρός; Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἀνεψιοῦ. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Φυλομάχης, ἣ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς πρὸς πατρός. ὁ Εὐβουλίδης δὲ τίνος ἦν πατρός; Φιλάγρου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Φυλομάχης τῆς τηθίδος τῆς Ἁγνίου. ὁ δʼ Ἁγνίας τίνος ἦν υἱός; Πολέμωνος. ὁ δὲ Πολέμων τίνος; Ἁγνίου. ὁ δʼ Ἁγνίας τίνος; Βουσέλου. [¶3] 50. And of whom was Hagnias the son? Of Polemon. And of whom Polemon? Of Hagnias. And of whom Hagnias? Of Buselus. This is another branch, that of Hagnias, one of the sons of Buselus, and here there occurs not a single name identical with those of the descendants in the branch of Stratius, or even one that is similar; but they proceed in the branch of Hagnias with their own series of names, receiving them from one another. In every respect, then, and in every way it is proved that these men belong to another branch of the family and are more remote of kin, and that they are not entitled to inherit anything of the estate of Hagnias. For to show you to whom the law-giver grants the right of succession and inheritance, the clerk will read you these laws. The Law “Whenever a man dies without making a will, if he leaves female children his estate shall go with them, but if not, the persons herein mentioned shall be entitled to his property: if there be brothers by the same father, and if there be lawfully born sons of brothers, they shall take the share of the father. > Greek: 50. οὑτοσὶ ἕτερος οἶκός ἐστιν ὁ Ἁγνίου, ἑνὸς τῶν Βουσέλου υἱέων, καὶ ἐνταῦθʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔνεστι τὸ αὐτὸ ὄνομα τῶν ἐν τῷ Στρατίου οἴκῳ ὄντων ἐκγόνων, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ παραπλήσιον· ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ διʼ αὑτῶν πορεύονται ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, τὰ ὀνόματα παρʼ ἀλλήλων παραλαμβάνοντες. πανταχῇ δὴ καὶ πάντα τρόπον ἐξελέγχονται ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου καὶ γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντες, καὶ οὐ προσῆκον αὐτοῖς κληρονομεῖν οὐδενὸς τῶν Ἁγνίου. οἷς γὰρ δίδωσιν ὁ νομοθέτης τὴν ἀγχιστείαν καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν, τούτους ἀναγνώσεται ὑμῖν τοὺς νόμους. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶4] 51. But if there are no brothers or sons of brothers, their descendants shall inherit it in like manner; but males and the sons of males shall take precedence, if they are of the same ancestors, even though they be more remote of kin. If there are no relatives on the father’s side within the degree of children of cousins, those on the mother’s side shall inherit in like manner. But if there shall be no relatives on either side within the degree mentioned, the nearest of kin on the father’s side shall inherit. But no illegitimate child of either sex shall have the right of succession either to religious rites or civic privileges, from the time of the archonship of Eucleides.” > Greek: 51. ὅστις ἂν μὴ διαθέμενος ἀποθάνῃ, ἐὰν μὲν παῖδας καταλίπῃ θηλείας, σὺν ταύτῃσιν, ἐὰν δὲ μή, τούσδε κυρίους εἶναι τῶν χρημάτων. ἐὰν μὲν ἀδελφοὶ ὦσιν ὁμοπάτορες· καὶ ἐὰν παῖδες ἐξ ἀδελφῶν γνήσιοι, τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς μοῖραν λαγχάνειν· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀδελφοὶ ὦσιν ἢ ἀδελφῶν παῖδες, … ἐξ αὐτῶν κατὰ ταὐτὰ λαγχάνειν· κρατεῖν δὲ τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀρρένων, ἐὰν ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν ὦσι, καὶ ἐὰν γένει ἀπωτέρω. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὦσι πρὸς πατρὸς μέχρι ἀνεψιῶν παίδων, τοὺς πρὸς μητρὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατὰ ταὐτὰ κυρίους εἶναι. ἐὰν δὲ μηδετέρωθεν ᾖ ἐντὸς τούτων, τὸν πρὸς πατρὸς ἐγγυτάτω κύριον εἶναι. νόθῳ δὲ μηδὲ νόθῃ μὴ εἶναι ἀγχιστείαν μήθʼ ἱερῶν μήθʼ ὁσίων ἀπʼ Εὐκλείδου ἄρχοντος. [¶5] 52. The law, men of the jury, expressly declares to whom the inheritance shall go. Not, by Heaven, to Theopompus nor to Macartatus, the son of Theopompus, who are in no sense whatever of the family of Hagnias. But to whom does it give the inheritance? To the descendants of Hagnias, to those who are in his branch of the family. This is what the law says, and this is what justice demands. > Greek: 52. διαρρήδην λέγει ὁ νόμος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οἷς δεῖ τὴν κληρονομίαν εἶναι· οὐ μὰ Δίʼ οὐ Θεοπόμπῳ οὐδὲ Μακαρτάτῳ τῷ Θεοπόμπου υἱεῖ, τοῖς μηδὲ τὸ παράπαν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ οὖσι τῷ Ἁγνίου. ἀλλὰ τίνι καὶ δίδωσιν; τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς Ἁγνίου, τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ ἐκείνου. ταῦτα καὶ ὁ νόμος λέγει, καὶ τὸ δίκαιον οὕτως ἔχει. [¶6] 53. Now, then, men of the jury, the law-giver has not given these rights to the relatives without imposing upon them in the law a large number of duties, which the relatives must of necessity perform. No; there are full many obligations laid upon the relatives to perform for which the law admits of no excuse; they must absolutely be performed. (To the clerk.) But, preferably, read the law itself—the first one. The Law “In regard to all heiresses who are classified as Thetes, if the nearest of kin does not wish to marry one, let him give her in marriage with a portion of five hundred drachmae, if he be of the class of Pentacosiomedimni, if of the class of Knights, with a portion of three hundred, and if of the class of Zeugitae, with one hundred and fifty, in addition to what is her own. > Greek: 53. οὐ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ταῦτα μὲν ἔδωκεν ὁ νομοθέτης τοῖς προσήκουσιν, ἕτερα δὲ οὐ προσέταξεν πολλὰ πάνυ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ἃ δεῖ ποιεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας ἐπάναγκες· ἀλλὰ πολλὰ πάνυ ἐστὶν ἃ προστάττει ποιεῖν τοῖς προσήκουσιν, καὶ πρόφασιν οὐδεμίαν δίδωσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης δεῖ ποιεῖν. μᾶλλον δὲ λέγε αὐτὸν τὸν νόμον τὸν πρῶτον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶7] 54. If there are several kinsmen in the same degree of relationship, each one of them shall contribute to the portion of the heiress according to his due share. And if there be several heiresses, it shall not be necessary for a single kinsman to give in marriage more than one, but the next of kin shall in each case give her in marriage or marry her himself. And if the nearest of kin does not marry her or give her in marriage, the archon shall compel him either to marry her himself or give her in marriage. And if the archon shall not compel him, let him be fined a thousand drachmae, which are to be consecrate to Hera. And let any person who chooses denounce to the archon any person who disobeys this law.” > Greek: 54. τῶν ἐπικλήρων ὅσαι θητικὸν τελοῦσιν, ἐὰν μὴ βούληται ἔχειν ὁ ἐγγύτατα γένους, ἐκδιδότω ἐπιδοὺς ὁ μὲν πεντακοσιομέδιμνος πεντακοσίας δραχμάς, ὁ δʼ ἱππεὺς τριακοσίας, ὁ δὲ ζευγίτης ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα, πρὸς οἷς αὐτῆς. ἐὰν δὲ πλείους ὦσιν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει, τῇ ἐπικλήρῳ πρὸς μέρος ἐπιδιδόναι ἕκαστον. ἐὰν δʼ αἱ γυναῖκες πλείους ὦσι, μὴ ἐπάναγκες εἶναι πλέον ἢ μίαν ἐκδοῦναι τῷ γʼ ἑνί, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐγγύτατα ἀεὶ ἐκδιδόναι ἢ αὐτὸν ἔχειν. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ ὁ ἐγγυτάτω γένους ἢ μὴ ἐκδῷ, ὁ ἄρχων ἐπαναγκαζέτω ἢ αὐτὸν ἔχειν ἢ ἐκδοῦναι. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἐπαναγκάσῃ ὁ ἄρχων, ὀφειλέτω χιλίας δραχμὰς ἱερὰς τῇ Ἥρᾳ. ἀπογραφέτω δὲ τὸν μὴ ποιοῦντα ταῦτα ὁ βουλόμενος πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα. [¶8] 55. You hear what the law says, men of the jury. But when it became necessary to sue for the hand of the heiress Phylomachê, the mother of this boy and the daughter of the first cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side, I came forward out of respect for the law and preferred my suit as being next of kin; but Theopompus, the father of Macartatus, neither came forward nor in any way disputed my claim, because he had no semblance of right, although he was of the same age as she. > Greek: 55. ἃ μὲν λέγει ὁ νόμος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀκούετε. ὅτε δὲ τῆς ἐπικλήρου ἔδει ἐπιδικάζεσθαι Φυλομάχης τῆς τουτουὶ μητρὸς τοῦ παιδός, Ἁγνίου δὲ ἀνεψιοῦ παιδὸς οὔσης πρὸς πατρός, ἐγὼ μὲν ἧκον φοβούμενος τὸν νόμον καὶ ἐπεδικαζόμην γένει ὢν ἐγγυτάτω, Θεόπομπος δὲ ὁ Μακαρτάτου πατὴρ οὐδὲ προσῆλθεν τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲ ἠμφεσβήτησεν διὰ τὸ μηδʼ ὁτιοῦν αὐτῷ προσήκειν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὢν τῇ αὐτῇ. [¶9] 56. And yet, men of the jury, how can you fail to think it strange that Theopompus never made any claim for the hand of the heiress, who was the daughter of the first cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side, and yet demands to have the estate of Hagnias contrary to the laws? Could there be persons more shameless or more abominable than these? (To the clerk.) Read the other laws also. TheLaws “Proclamation shall be made in the market-place to the shedder of blood by a kinsman within the degree of cousin and cousinship, and cousins and sons of cousins and sons-in-law and fathers-in-law and clansmen shall join in the pursuit. > Greek: 56. καίτοι πῶς οἴεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἄτοπον εἶναι, τῆς μὲν ἐπικλήρου, ἣ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς πρὸς πατρός, ταύτης μὲν μηδεπώποτε ἀμφισβητῆσαι Θεόπομπον, τὸν δὲ κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου ἀξιοῦν ἔχειν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; τούτων γένοιντʼ ἂν ἄνθρωποι ἀναισχυντότεροι ἢ μιαρώτεροι; ἀναγίγνωσκε καὶ τοὺς ἑτέρους νόμους. ΝΟΜΟΙ. [¶10] 57. To secure condonation, if there be father or brother or sons, all must concur, or whoever opposes shall prevail. And if there be none of these and the slaying was involuntary, and the Fifty-one, the Ephetae, shall agree that the slaying was involuntary, let the clansmen, ten in number, grant the right of entrance to the shedder of blood, if they see fit; and let these be chosen by the Fifty-one according to rank. And those who had shed blood before the enactment of this statute shall be bound by its provisions.—And when persons die in the demes and no one takes them up for burial, let the Demarch give notice to the relatives to take them up and bury them, and to purify the deme on the day on which each of them dies.” > Greek: 57. προειπεῖν τῷ κτείναντι ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐντὸς ἀνεψιότητος καὶ ἀνεψιοῦ, συνδιώκειν δὲ καὶ ἀνεψιοὺς καὶ ἀνεψιῶν παῖδας καὶ γαμβροὺς καὶ πενθεροὺς καὶ φράτερας. αἰδέσασθαι δέ, ἐὰν μὲν πατὴρ ᾖ ἢ ἀδελφὸς ἢ υἱεῖς, ἅπαντας, ἢ τὸν κωλύοντα κρατεῖν. ἐὰν δὲ τούτων μηδεὶς ᾖ, κτείνῃ δὲ ἄκων, γνῶσι δὲ οἱ πεντήκοντα καὶ εἷς, οἱ ἐφέται, ἄκοντα κτεῖναι, ἐσέσθων οἱ φράτερες, ἐὰν ἐθέλωσι, δέκα· τούτους δὲ οἱ πεντήκοντα καὶ εἷς ἀριστίνδην αἱρείσθων. καὶ οἱ πρότερον κτείναντες ἐν τῷδε τῷ θεσμῷ ἐνεχέσθων. —τοὺς δʼ ἀπογιγνομένους ἐν τοῖς δήμοις, οὓς ἂν μηδεὶς ἀναιρῆται, ἐπαγγελλέτω ὁ δήμαρχος τοῖς προσήκουσιν ἀναιρεῖν καὶ θάπτειν καὶ καθαίρειν τὸν δῆμον, τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἂν ἀπογένηται ἕκαστος αὐτῶν. [¶11] 58. “In the case of slaves he shall give notice to their masters, and in the case of freemen to those possessing their property; and if the deceased had no property, the Demarch shall give notice to the relatives of the deceased. And if, after the Demarch shall have given notice, the relatives do not take up the body, the Demarch shall contract for the taking up and burial of the body, and for the purification of the deme on the same day at the lowest possible cost. And if he shall not so contract, he shall be bound to pay a thousand drachmae into the public treasury. And whatsoever he shall expend, he shall exact double the amount from those liable; and if he does not exact it he shall himself be under obligation to repay it to the demesmen. And those who do not pay the rents due for the lands of the goddess or of the gods and the eponymous heroes shall be disenfranchised, themselves and their family and their heirs, until they shall make payment.” > Greek: 58. ἐπαγγέλλειν δὲ περὶ μὲν τῶν δούλων τῷ δεσπότῃ, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἐλευθέρων τοῖς τὰ χρήματʼ ἔχουσιν· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ᾖ χρήματα τῷ ἀποθανόντι, τοῖς προσήκουσι τοῦ ἀποθανόντος ἐπαγγέλλειν. ἐὰν δὲ τοῦ δημάρχου ἐπαγγείλαντος μὴ ἀναιρῶνται οἱ προσήκοντες, ὁ μὲν δήμαρχος ἀπομισθωσάτω ἀνελεῖν καὶ καταθάψαι καὶ καθῆραι τὸν δῆμον αὐθημερόν, ὅπως ἂν δύνηται ὀλιγίστου· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀπομισθώσῃ, ὀφειλέτω χιλίας δραχμὰς τῷ δημοσίῳ. ὅ τι δʼ ἂν ἀναλώσῃ, διπλάσιον πραξάσθω παρὰ τῶν ὀφειλόντων· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ πράξῃ, αὐτὸς ὀφειλέτω τοῖς δημόταις.—τοὺς δὲ μὴ ἀποδιδόντας τὰς μισθώσεις τῶν τεμενῶν τῶν τῆς θεοῦ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἀτίμους εἶναι καὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ γένος καὶ κληρονόμους τοὺς τούτων, ἕως ἂν ἀποδῶσιν. [¶12] 59. All these duties which the laws lay upon relatives to perform, they lay upon us, and compel us to perform them, men of the jury. But to Macartatus here they say not a word, nor to Theopompus, his father; for they belong in no sense to the family of Hagnias. Why, then, should the laws lay any duties upon them? > Greek: 59. ταῦτα πάντα, ὅσα οἱ νόμοι προστάττουσιν τοὺς προσήκοντας ποιεῖν, ἡμῖν προστάττουσιν καὶ ἀναγκάζουσιν ποιεῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. Μακαρτάτῳ δὲ τουτῳὶ οὐδὲν διαλέγονται οὐδὲ Θεοπόμπῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ τούτου· οὐδὲ γάρ εἰσιν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τὸ παράπαν· πῶς ἂν οὖν τούτοις τι προστάττοιεν; [¶13] 60. But the defendant, men of the jury, while he has no just argument whatever to make against the laws and the depositions which we produce, makes a show of indignation, and says he is being cruelly treated because, his father being dead, it falls to him to be defendant in this suit. But he does not bear in mind, men of the jury, that his father was a mortal man, and has met his end along with many others both younger and older than himself. Yet if Theopompus, the father of the defendant, is dead, the laws are not dead, nor is justice, nor are the jurymen with whom the verdict rests. > Greek: 60. ἀλλʼ οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρὸς μὲν τοὺς νόμους καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας, ἃς ἡμεῖς παρεχόμεθα, δίκαιον οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔχει λέγειν, ἀγανακτεῖ δὲ καὶ δεινά φησι πάσχειν, ὅτι τοῦ πατρὸς τετελευτηκότος ἀγωνίζεται. ἐκεῖνο δʼ οὐκ ἐνθυμεῖται Μακάρτατος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἄνθρωπος ἦν θνητός, καὶ τετελεύτηκεν μετʼ ἄλλων πολλῶν καὶ νεωτέρων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων. ἀλλʼ εἰ Θεόπομπος τετελεύτηκεν ὁ τουτουὶ πατήρ, οἱ νόμοι οὐ τετελευτήκασιν, οὐδὲ τὸ δίκαιον [τετελεύτηκεν], οὐδʼ οἱ δικασταὶ οἱ τὴν ψῆφον ἔχοντες. [¶14] 61. The present contest and the present trial are not to decide whether one man has died before or after another, but whether or not it is right that the kinsmen of Hagnias, cousins and children of cousins to Hagnias on his father’s side, should be driven out from the family of Hagnias by persons belonging to the family of Stratius, who have no shadow of right to inherit the estate of Hagnias, but are more remote of kin. This is the question at issue in the present trial. > Greek: 61. ἔστιν δʼ ὁ νῦν ἀγὼν καὶ ἡ διαδικασία οὐκ εἴ τις ἕτερος ἑτέρου πρότερος ἢ ὕστερος τετελεύτηκεν, ἀλλʼ εἰ μὴ προσήκει ἐξελαθῆναι ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τοὺς οἰκείους τοὺς Ἁγνίου, ἀνεψιοὺς ὄντας καὶ ἀνεψιῶν παῖδας Ἁγνίᾳ πρὸς πατρός, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου καὶ μηδὲν προσηκόντων ὥστε κληρονομεῖν τῶν Ἁγνίου, ἀλλὰ γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντων. περὶ τούτου νῦν ἐσθʼ ὁ ἀγών. [¶15] 62. You will see even more clearly, men of the jury, from the following law, that the lawgiver Solon is very much in earnest in regard to those who are relatives, and not only gives them the property left by the deceased, but also lays upon them all the burdensome obligations. (To the clerk.) Read the law. The Law “The deceased shall be laid out in the house in any way one chooses, and they shall carry out the deceased on the day after that on which they lay him out, before the sun rises. And the men shall walk in front, when they carry him out, and the women behind. And no woman less than sixty years of age shall be permitted to enter the chamber of the deceased, or to follow the deceased when he is carried to the tomb, except those who are within the degree of children of cousins; nor shall any woman be permitted to enter the chamber of the deceased when the body is carried out, except those who are within the degree of children of cousins.” > Greek: 62. ἔτι δὲ σαφέστερον γνώσεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ νόμου, ὅτι Σόλων ὁ νομοθέτης σπουδάζει περὶ τοὺς οἰκείους, καὶ οὐ μόνον δίδωσιν τὰ καταλειφθέντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ προστάγματα ποιεῖται τὰ δυσχερῆ ἅπαντα τοῖς προσήκουσι. λέγε τὸν νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. τὸν ἀποθανόντα προτίθεσθαι ἔνδον, ὅπως ἂν βούληται. ἐκφέρειν δὲ τὸν ἀποθανόντα τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ᾗ ἂν προθῶνται, πρὶν ἥλιον ἐξέχειν. βαδίζειν δὲ τοὺς ἄνδρας πρόσθεν, ὅταν ἐκφέρωνται, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ὄπισθεν. γυναῖκα δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι εἰσιέναι εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος μηδʼ ἀκολουθεῖν ἀποθανόντι, ὅταν εἰς τὰ σήματα ἄγηται, ἐντὸς ἑξήκοντʼ ἐτῶν γεγονυῖαν, πλὴν ὅσαι ἐντὸς ἀνεψιαδῶν εἰσι· μηδʼ εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος εἰσιέναι, ἐπειδὰν ἐξενεχθῇ ὁ νέκυς, γυναῖκα μηδεμίαν πλὴν ὅσαι ἐντὸς ἀνεψιαδῶν εἰσίν. [¶16] 63. The law does not allow any woman except female relatives within the degree of cousinship to enter the chamber where the deceased lies, and it permits these same women to follow to the tomb. Now Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, was not cousin to Hagnias, but aunt; for she was sister to Polemon, the father of Hagnias. But Eubulides, the son of this woman, was cousin on his father’s side to Hagnias, whose inheritance is in question. And the mother of this boy here was the daughter of Eubulides. > Greek: 63. οὐκ ἐᾷ εἰσιέναι οὗ ἂν ᾖ ὁ τετελευτηκώς, οὐδεμίαν γυναῖκα ἄλλην ἢ τὰς προσηκούσας μέχρι ἀνεψιότητος, καὶ πρὸς τὸ μνῆμα ἀκολουθεῖν τὰς αὐτὰς ταύτας. Φυλομάχη τοίνυν ἡ Πολέμωνος ἀδελφὴ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὐκ ἀνεψιὰ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, ἀλλὰ τηθίς· ἀδελφὴ γὰρ ἦν Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου. Εὐβουλίδης δὲ ὁ υἱὸς ταύτης τῆς γυναικὸς ἀνεψιὸς ἦν πρὸς πατρὸς Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος. τοῦ δʼ Εὐβουλίδου ἦν θυγάτηρ ἡ τούτου τοῦ παιδὸς μήτηρ. [¶17] 64. These female relatives the law commanded to be present at the laying out of the deceased, and to follow to the tomb, not the mother of Macartatus nor the wife of Theopompus; for she was in no way related to Hagnias, but was of another tribe, the Acamantis, and of another deme, that of Prospalta, so that she was not even apprised in any way at the time Hagnias lay dead. > Greek: 64. ταύτας κελεύει τὰς προσηκούσας καὶ παρεῖναι τῇ προθέσει τοῦ τετελευτηκότος καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἀκολουθεῖν, οὐ τὴν Μακαρτάτου μητέρα οὐδὲ τὴν Θεοπόμπου γυναῖκα· οὐδὲν γὰρ προσήκουσα Ἁγνίᾳ αὕτη, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἑτέρας φυλῆς, Ἀκαμαντίδος, καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρου δήμου, Προσπαλτόθεν, ὥστε τὸ παράπαν οὐδʼ ᾔσθετο, ὅτε ἦν τετελευτηκὼς Ἁγνίας. [¶18] 65. It is surely a most outrageous result that these men are scheming to bring about, that forsooth we and the women of our family should inherit the body of Hagnias, when he was dead, and should perform all the proper rites, as being relatives and nearest of kin, but that Macartatus should claim the right to possess the estate of the dead Hagnias, though he belongs to the house of Stratius and is descended from Apolexis, daughter of the Prospaltian and sister of Macartatus. But this is neither just nor righteous, men of the jury. > Greek: 65. ὑπεραναίσχυντον δὴ οὗτοι κατασκευάζουσι πρᾶγμα, ὡς ἄρα δεῖ ἡμᾶς καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας τὰς ἡμετέρας τοῦ μὲν σώματος τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὅτε ἐτετελευτήκει, κληρονόμους εἶναι καὶ ποιεῖν ἅπαντα τὰ νομιζόμενα, ὡς προσήκοντας καὶ γένει ὄντας ἐγγυτάτω, τὸν δὲ κλῆρον οἴεσθαι δεῖν ἔχειν τὸν Ἁγνίου τοῦ τετελευτηκότος Μακάρτατον, ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου ὄντα καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀπολήξιδος τοῦ Προσπαλτίου θυγατρός, Μακαρτάτου δὲ ἀδελφῆς. ἀλλʼ οὔτε δίκαιον οὔθʼ ὅσιον τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. [¶19] 66. (To the clerk.) Now please read the words of the oracle brought from Delphi, from the shrine of the god, that you may see that it speaks in the same terms concerning relatives as do the laws of Solon. Oracle “May good fortune attend you. The people of the Athenians make inquiry about the sign which has appeared in the heavens, asking what the Athenians should do, or to what god they should offer sacrifice or make prayer, in order that the issue of the sign may be for their advantage. It will be well for the Athenians with reference to the sign which has appeared in the heavens that they sacrifice with happy auspices to Zeus most high, to Athena most high, to Heracles, to Apollo the deliverer, and that they send due offerings to the Amphiones; that they sacrifice for good fortune to Apollo, god of the ways, to Leto and to Artemis, and that they make the streets steam with the savour of sacrifice; that they set forth bowls of wine and institute choruses and wreathe themselves with garlands after the custom of their fathers, in honor of all the Olympian gods and goddesses, lifting up the right hand and the left, and that they be mindful to bring gifts of thanksgiving after the custom of their fathers. And ye shall offer sacrificial gifts after the custom of your fathers to the hero-founder after whom ye are named; and for the dead their relatives shall make offerings on the appointed day according to established custom.” > Greek: 66. ἀνάγνωθι δέ μοι τὰ ἐκ τῆς μαντείας τῆς ἐκ Δελφῶν κομισθείσης παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα αἴσθησθε ὅτι ταὐτὰ λέγει περὶ τῶν προσηκόντων τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς τοῦ Σόλωνος. ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ. ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ. ἐπερωτᾷ ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων περὶ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ γενομένου, ὅ τι ἂν δρῶσιν Ἀθηναίοις ἢ ὅτῳ θεῷ θύουσιν ἢ εὐχομένοις εἴη ἐπὶ τὸ ἄμεινον ἀπὸ τοῦ σημείου. συμφέρει Ἀθηναίοις περὶ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ γενομένου θύοντας καλλιερεῖν Διὶ ὑπάτῳ, Ἀθηνᾷ ὑπάτῃ, Ἡρακλεῖ, Ἀπόλλωνι σωτῆρι, καὶ ἀποπέμπειν Ἀμφιόνεσσι· περὶ τύχας ἀγαθᾶς Ἀπόλλωνι ἀγυιεῖ, Λατοῖ, Ἀρτέμιδι, καὶ τὰς ἀγυιὰς κνισῆν, καὶ κρατῆρας ἱστάμεν καὶ χορούς, καὶ στεφαναφορεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· θεοῖς Ὀλυμπίοις καὶ Ὀλυμπίαις πάντεσσι καὶ πάσαις, δεξιὰς καὶ ἀριστερὰς ἀνίσχοντας, μνασιδωρεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· ἥρῳ ἀρχαγέτᾳ, οὗ ἐπώνυμοί ἐστε, θύειν καὶ δωροτελεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· τοῖς ἀποφθιμένοις ἐν ἱκνουμένᾳ ἁμέρᾳ τελεῖν τοὺς ποθίκοντας καττὰ ἁγημένα. [¶20] 67. You hear, men of the jury, that Solon in the laws and the god in the oracle use the same language, bidding the relatives to perform rites for the departed on the proper days. But neither Theopompus nor the defendant Macartatus cared at all for these things; they cared only for this, that they might retain possession of what does not belong to them, and to complain that after having had the estate for so long, they must now defend their title to it. I should have thought, men of the jury, that one who unjustly keeps in his possession the property of another, should not make complaints if he has kept it in his possession longer than is right, but should be grateful, not to us, but to fortune, that so many unavoidable delays have occurred in the interim, so that he is not brought to trial until now. > Greek: 67. ἀκούετε, ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι ταὐτὰ λέγει ὅ τε Σόλων ἐν τοῖς νόμοις καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ μαντείᾳ, κελεύων τοῖς κατοιχομένοις ποιεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας ἐν ταῖς καθηκούσαις ἡμέραις. ἀλλὰ τούτων οὐδὲν ἔμελεν Θεοπόμπῳ οὐδὲ Μακαρτάτῳ τουτῳί, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μόνον, τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα ἑαυτοῖς ἔχειν, καὶ ἐγκαλεῖν ὅτι πολὺν χρόνον ἐχόντων ἑαυτῶν τὸν κλῆρον νυνὶ ἀγωνίζονται. ἐγὼ δὲ ᾤμην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκειν τὸν τἀλλότρια ἀδίκως ἔχοντα οὐκ ἐγκαλεῖν, εἰ πλείω χρόνον εἶχεν, ἀλλὰ χάριν εἰδέναι, μὴ ἡμῖν, ἀλλὰ τῇ τύχῃ, ὅτι πολλαὶ καὶ ἀναγκαῖαι διατριβαὶ ἐγένοντο ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χρόνῳ, ὥστε νῦν περὶ τούτων ἀγωνίζεσθαι. [¶21] 68. Our opponents, then, men of the jury, are men of this stamp; they care nothing either for the extinction of the house of Hagnias, or for all the rest of their lawless deeds; men, who, O Zeus and the gods—but why should one mention the other things relative to them? There would be much indeed to tell of. But one thing which they have brought to pass is the most lawless and the most abominable, and most clearly proves that they care for nothing except their profit. > Greek: 68. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν ἄνθρωποι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ μέλει αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν οὔτε τοῦ οἴκου ἐξερημουμένου τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων ὅσα παρανομοῦσιν· οἵτινές γε, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα τί ἄν τις λέγοι περὶ τούτων; πολλὰ γὰρ ἂν εἴη λέγειν· ἓν δὲ ὃ παρανομώτατον καὶ μιαρώτατον διαπεπραγμένοι εἰσίν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐνδεικνύμενοι ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς μέλει πλὴν τοῦ πλεονεκτεῖν· [¶22] 69. For no sooner had Theopompus got the award of the estate of Hagnias in the manner which you have heard, than he at once gave proof that he knew well that he was in possession of what in no sense belonged to him. The thing which was of the greatest value on the farms belonging to Hagnias, and which was most admired by the neighbors and by everybody else, was the olive trees. These they dug up and rooted out, more than a thousand trees, from which a large quantity of oil was produced. These trees our opponents rooted out and sold, and received a huge sum of money. And they did this while the estate of Hagnias was still subject to adjudication in accordance with the very law which had permitted them to cite the mother of this boy here. > Greek: 69. οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη Θεόπομπος τὴν ἐπιδικασίαν ποιησάμενος τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον ὃν ὑμεῖς ἀκηκόατε, καὶ εὐθὺς ἐνεδείξατο ὅτι τὰ οὐδὲν προσήκοντα ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν ἐνόμιζεν. ὃ γὰρ ἦν πλείστου ἄξιον ἐν τοῖς χωρίοις τοῖς Ἁγνίου καὶ ἐθαυμάζετο μάλιστα ὑπὸ τῶν προσχώρων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, αἱ ἐλᾶαι, ταύτας ἐξώρυττον καὶ ἐξεπρέμνιζον, πλέον ἢ χίλια στελέχη, ὅθεν ἔλαιον πολὺ ἐγίγνετο. ταύτας οὗτοι ἀπέδοντο ἐκπρεμνίσαντες, καὶ ἀργύριον ὑπέρπολυ ἔλαβον. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐποίουν οὗτοι ἐπιδίκου ὄντος τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καθʼ ὅνπερ οὗτοι τὴν τουτουὶ μητέρα προσεκαλέσαντο. [¶23] 70. To prove that I speak the truth in this, that they rooted up the olive trees from the farms which Hagnias left, I will produce for you as witnesses the neighbors and others whom we summoned, when we made a solemn protest against this action. (To the clerk.) Read the deposition. Deposition “The deponents testify that on being summoned by Sositheus they accompanied him to Araphen, to the lands of Hagnias, after Theopompus had had the estate of Hagnias adjudged to him, and that Sositheus showed them the olive trees being rooted up from the land of Hagnias.” > Greek: 70. ὅτι δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ ἐξεπρέμνισαν οὗτοι τὰς ἐλάας ἐκ τῶν χωρίων ὧν Ἁγνίας κατέλιπεν, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν τούτων παρεξόμεθα τούς τε προσχώρους καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οὓς παρεκαλέσαμεν, ὅτʼ ἐπεμαρτυρόμεθα περὶ τούτων. λέγε τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ μαρτυροῦσιν ἀκολουθῆσαι Ἀραφῆνάδε παρακληθέντες ὑπὸ Σωσιθέου εἰς τοὺς Ἁγνίου ἀγρούς, ἐπειδὴ Θεόπομπος ἐπεδικάσατο τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ ἐπιδεικνύναι αὑτοῖς Σωσίθεον τὰς ἐλάας πρεμνιζομένας ἐκ τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἀγροῦ. [¶24] 71. If now, men of the jury, it were against the dead man only that they had committed an outrage in doing this, their conduct would have been disgraceful, though in a less degree; but in reality it is against the whole city that they have committed this outrage, and they have broken your laws. You will know this, when you have heard the law. (To the clerk.) Read the law. The Law “If anyone shall dig up an olive tree at Athens, except it be for a sanctuary of the Athenian state or of one of its demes, or for his own use to the number of two olive trees each year, or except it be needful to use it for the service of one who is dead, he shall be fined one hundred drachmae, to he paid into the public treasury, for each tree, and the tenth part of this sum shall belong to the goddess. Furthermore he shall be obligated to pay to the private individual who prosecutes him one hundred drachmae for each olive tree. And suits concerning these matters shall be brought before the archons, according as they severally have jurisdiction. And the prosecutor shall deposit the court fees for his share. And when a person shall have been convicted, the archon before whom the case was brought shall make a report to the collectors of the amount due to the treasury, and of the amount due to the goddess, to the treasurers of the goddess. And if they fail to make such reports, they shall themselves be liable for the amount.” > Greek: 71. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸν τετελευτηκότα μόνον ὕβριζον ταῦτα διαπραξάμενοι, δεινὰ μὲν ⟨ἂν⟩ ἐποίουν, ἧττον δέ· νῦν δὲ καὶ εἰς ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ταυτὶ ὑβρίκασι καὶ παρανενομήκασιν. γνώσεσθε δέ, ἐπειδὰν τοῦ νόμου ἀκούσητε. ἀναγίγνωσκε τὸν νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ἐάν τις ἐλάαν Ἀθήνησιν ἐξορύττῃ, ἐὰν μὴ εἰς ἱερὸν Ἀθηναίων δημόσιον ἢ δημοτικόν, ἢ ἑαυτῷ χρῆσθαι μέχρι δυοῖν ἐλάαιν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑκάστου, ἢ ἐπὶ ἀποθανόντα δέῃ χρήσασθαι, ὀφείλειν ἑκατὸν δραχμὰς τῷ δημοσίῳ τῆς ἐλάας ἑκάστης, τὸ δὲ ἐπιδέκατον τούτου τῆς θεοῦ εἶναι. ὀφειλέτω δὲ καὶ τῷ ἰδιώτῃ τῷ ἐπεξιόντι ἑκατὸν δραχμὰς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἐλάαν. τὰς δὲ δίκας εἶναι περὶ τούτων πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας, ὧν ἕκαστοι δικασταί εἰσι. πρυτανεῖα δὲ τιθέτω ὁ διώκων τοῦ αὑτοῦ μέρους. ὅτου δʼ ἂν καταγνωσθῇ, ἐγγραφόντων οἱ ἄρχοντες, πρὸς οὓς ἂν ᾖ ἡ δίκη, τοῖς πράκτορσιν, ὃ τῷ δημοσίῳ γίγνεται· ⟨ὃ δὲ τῇ θεῷ γίγνεται⟩, τοῖς ταμίαις τῶν τῆς θεοῦ. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἐγγράφωσιν, αὐτοὶ ὀφειλόντων. [¶25] 72. The law is thus severe. But pray ponder in your minds, men of the jury, what you must imagine us to have suffered in the past from these men and the insolence of these men, when they have shown contempt toward you, so great a people, and have done what the laws expressly forbid their doing, in thus contemptuously laying waste the farms which Hagnias left. The law forbids anyone to root up any of these things even out of his own land inherited from his fathers. Much indeed do these men care either about obedience to your laws or the saving of the house of Hagnias from extinction! > Greek: 72. ὁ μὲν νόμος οὗτος οὕτως ἰσχυρός. ἐκεῖνο δʼ ἐνθυμεῖσθε πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τί ποτʼ οἴεσθʼ ἡμᾶς πάσχειν ἐν τῷ παρεληλυθότι χρόνῳ ὑπὸ τούτων καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως τῆς τούτων, ὅπου ὑμῶν, πόλεως τηλικαυτησί, κατεφρόνησαν καὶ τῶν νόμων τῶν ὑμετέρων, καὶ ἃ διαρρήδην ἀπαγορεύουσιν οἱ νόμοι μὴ ποιεῖν, οὑτωσὶ καταφρονητικῶς ᾐκίσαντο τὰ χωρία ἃ κατέλιπεν Ἁγνίας. ὁ δὲ νόμος ἀπαγορεύει μηδʼ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ χωρίου τοῦ πατρῴου μηδὲν τούτων ποιεῖν. πολύ γε αὐτοῖς μέλει ἢ τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς ὑμετέροις πείθεσθαι, ἢ ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται ὁ οἶκος ὁ Ἁγνίου. [¶26] 73. I desire, men of the jury, to speak to you in a few words about myself, and to prove to you that I have, in a very different way from theirs, shown my concern that the house of Hagnias should not become extinct. For I, too, am myself of the family of Buselus. For Callistratus married the granddaughter of Habron, the son of Buselus, being himself the son of Eubulides and grandson of Buselus; and from the granddaughter of Habron and Callistratus, the nephew of Habron, our mother was born. > Greek: 73. ἐγὼ δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βούλομαι περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰπεῖν διὰ βραχέων, καὶ ἐπιδεῖξαι ὅτι οὐχ ὁμοίως τούτοις ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιησάμην τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται. καὶ αὐτὸς γάρ εἰμι τοῦ γένους τοῦ Βουσέλου. Ἅβρωνος γὰρ τοῦ Βουσέλου υἱέος ἔλαβεν τὴν θυγατριδῆν Καλλίστρατος, Εὐβουλίδου μὲν υἱὸς ὤν, Βουσέλου δʼ ὑϊδοῦς· καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἅβρωνος θυγατριδῆς καὶ ἐκ Καλλιστράτου τοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦ τοῦ Ἅβρωνος ἐγένετο ἡ μήτηρ ἡ ἡμετέρα. [¶27] 74. I myself, when I had been awarded the hand of the mother of this boy, and four sons and one daughter had been born to me, gave them, men of the jury, the following names: to the eldest I gave, as was fitting, the name of my father Sosias, and thus I gave to the eldest this name that was his due; to the son born next after him I gave the name Eubulides, which was the name of the father of this boy’s mother; to the next after him I gave the name Menestheus, for Menestheus was a relative of my wife; and to the youngest I gave the name Callistratus, which was the name of my mother’s father. In addition to all this, I did not give my daughter in marriage into another family, but to my own brother’s son, in order that, if they had health, the children born of them should be of the same family as Hagnias. > Greek: 74. ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπειδὴ ἐπεδικασάμην τῆς τούτου μητρὸς καὶ ἐγένοντό μοι υἱεῖς μὲν τέτταρες, θυγάτηρ δὲ μία, τὰ ὀνόματα ἐθέμην τούτοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῷ μὲν πρεσβυτάτῳ τὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμαυτοῦ ὄνομα, Σωσίαν, ὥσπερ καὶ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, καὶ ἀπέδωκα τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα· τῷ δὲ μετʼ αὐτὸν γενομένῳ τούτῳ ἐθέμην Εὐβουλίδην, ὅπερ ἦν ὄνομα τῷ πατρὶ τῷ τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί· τῷ δὲ μετὰ τοῦτον Μενεσθέα ἐθέμην (καὶ γὰρ ὁ Μενεσθεὺς οἰκεῖος ἦν τῆς ἐμῆς γυναικός)· τῷ δὲ νεωτάτῳ ἐθέμην ὄνομα Καλλίστρατον, ὃ ἦν ὄνομα τῷ πατρὶ τῆς ἐμῆς μητρός. ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔδωκα οὐδαμόσε ἔξω, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ τῷ ἐμαυτοῦ, ὅπως, ἐὰν ὑγιαίνωσιν, καὶ οἱ ἐκ τούτων ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους ὦσιν Ἁγνίᾳ. [¶28] 75. I, then, administered matters in this way, in order that the families springing from Buselus should as completely as possible be preserved. As for our opponents, let us examine them once more. (To the clerk.) And first of all read this law. Law “Let the archon take charge of orphans and of heiresses and of families that are becoming extinct, and of all women who remain in the houses of their deceased husbands, declaring that they are pregnant. Let him take charge of these, and not suffer anyone to do any outrage to them. And if anyone shall commit any outrage or any lawless act against them, he shall have power to impose a fine upon such person up to the limit fixed by law. And if the offender shall seem to him to be deserving of a more severe punishment, let him summon such a person, giving him five days’ notice, and bring him before the court of Heliaea, writing upon the indictment the penalty which he thinks is deserved. And if there be a conviction, let the court of Heliaea appoint for the one convicted what penalty he ought to suffer or pay.” > Greek: 75. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διῴκησα, ὅπως ἂν διασῴζωνται ὅτι μάλιστα οἱ οἶκοι οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου· τούτους δὲ ἐξετάσωμεν πάλιν. καὶ πρώτιστον μὲν τὸν νόμον τουτονὶ ἀνάγνωθι. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ὁ ἄρχων ἐπιμελείσθω τῶν ὀρφανῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπικλήρων καὶ τῶν οἴκων τῶν ἐξερημουμένων καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν, ὅσαι μένουσιν ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν τεθνηκότων φάσκουσαι κυεῖν. τούτων ἐπιμελείσθω καὶ μὴ ἐάτω ὑβρίζειν μηδένα περὶ τούτους. ἐὰν δέ τις ὑβρίζῃ ἢ ποιῇ τι παράνομον, κύριος ἔστω ἐπιβάλλειν κατὰ τὸ τέλος. ἐὰν δὲ μείζονος ζημίας δοκῇ ἄξιος εἶναι, προσκαλεσάμενος πρόπεμπτα καὶ τίμημα ἐπιγραψάμενος, ὅ τι ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ, εἰσαγέτω εἰς τὴν ἡλιαίαν. ἐὰν δʼ ἁλῷ, τιμάτω ἡ ἡλιαία περὶ τοῦ ἁλόντος, ὅ τι χρὴ αὐτὸν παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι. [¶29] 76. How, now, could people more effectively bring a house to extinction than if, being themselves of another house, that of Stratius, they should dispossess those nearest of kin to Hagnias? Or again, if one should claim to possess the estate of Hagnias as being related by blood, when he bears a name that is not only not derived from the family of Hagnias, but not even from that of Stratius, the claimant’s own ancestor—no, when he has not the name of any other of all the descendants of Buselus, many as they are? > Greek: 76. πῶς ἂν μᾶλλον ἐξερημώσαιεν ἄνθρωποι οἶκον, ἢ εἴ τινες τούς τε γένει ὄντας ἐγγυτάτω Ἁγνίᾳ, τούτους ἐξελαύνοιεν ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου ὄντες, τοῦ Στρατίου, καὶ πάλιν εἰ τὸν μὲν κλῆρον ἀξιοῖ ἔχειν τὸν Ἁγνίου ὡς γένει προσήκων, τὸ δʼ ὄνομα, ὅ ἐστιν αὐτῷ, μὴ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Ἁγνίου οἴκου, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου ἐστὶν τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ προγόνου, οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπογόνων τῶν Βουσέλου, τοσούτων γενομένων, οὐδενὸς ἔχει τὸ ὄνομα; [¶30] 77. Whence, then, does he get the name Macartatus? From his mother’s family. For he was adopted into the family of Macartatus of Prospalta, who was his mother’s brother, and he possesses that estate also. And so regardless of right is he that, when a son was born to him, he forgot to introduce him into the family of Hagnias, as a son to Hagnias, and that too while he was in possession of the estate of Hagnias, and claimed that he was related to him by male descent. > Greek: 77. ἀλλὰ πόθεν δή ἐστι τὸ ὄνομα ὁ Μακάρτατος; ἐκ τῶν πρὸς μητρός. εἰσεποιήθη γὰρ οὗτος εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Μακαρτάτου τοῦ Προσπαλτίου, ἀδελφοῦ ὄντος τῆς μητρὸς τῆς τούτου, καὶ ἔχει καὶ ἐκεῖνον τὸν οἶκον. καὶ οὕτως ἐστὶν ὑβριστής, ὥστε γενομένου αὐτῷ υἱέος τοῦ μὲν εἰσαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Ἁγνίου υἱὸν τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ ἐπελάθετο, καὶ ταῦτα ἔχων τὸν κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου καὶ φάσκων πρὸς ἀνδρῶν αὐτῷ προσήκειν· [¶31] 78. This son who was born to him Macartatus has introduced by his mother’s descent into the Prospaltians, and has suffered the family of Hagnias to become extinct, so far as this boy is concerned; but he alleges that his own father Theopompus was related to Hagnias. Yet the law of Solon ordains that males and the sons of males shall have precedence; but the defendant has thus lightly shown contempt both for Hagnias and for the laws, and has had his son introduced into the family of his mother. How could there be people more scornful of law or more arbitrary than these? > Greek: 78. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν υἱὸν τὸν γενόμενον τῷ Μακαρτάτῳ εἰσπεποίηκεν τῷ πρὸς μητρὸς εἰς τοὺς Προσπαλτίους, τὸν δὲ Ἁγνίου οἶκον εἴακεν ἔρημον εἶναι τὸ τούτου μέρος· φησὶ δὲ τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Θεόπομπον προσήκειν Ἁγνίᾳ. ὁ δὲ νόμος κελεύει ὁ τοῦ Σόλωνος κρατεῖν τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀρρένων· οὗτος δὲ οὑτωσὶ ῥᾳδίως κατεφρόνησεν καὶ τῶν νόμων καὶ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ εἰσεποίησεν τὸν υἱὸν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν πρὸς μητρός. πῶς ἂν γένοιντο τούτων ἄνθρωποι παρανομώτεροι ἢ βιαιότεροι; [¶32] 79. Now this is not the only thing, men of the jury. There is a place of burial common to all those descended from Buselus (it is called the burial-place of the Buselidae, a large area, enclosed, after the manner of the men of old). In this burial-place lie all the other descendants of Buselus and Hagnias and Eubulides and Polemon, and all the rest of the host of those descended from Buselus, all these hold in common this place of burial. > Greek: 79. οὐ τοίνυν ταῦτα μόνον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλὰ καὶ μνήματος ὄντος κοινοῦ ἅπασιν τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου γενομένοις (καὶ καλεῖται τὸ μνῆμα Βουσελιδῶν, πολὺς τόπος περιβεβλημένος, ὥσπερ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι ἐνόμιζον), ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μνήματι οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἅπαντες οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου κεῖνται, καὶ ὁ Ἁγνίας καὶ ὁ Εὐβουλίδης καὶ ὁ Πολέμων καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες τοσοῦτοι ὄντες συγγενεῖς, οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου, ἅπαντες οὗτοι κοινωνοῦσιν τοῦ μνήματος τούτου· [¶33] 80. But the father of the defendant Macartatus and the grandfather have no share in it, but they made for themselves a tomb apart, at a distance from that of the Buselidae. Do they appear to you, men of the jury, to belong in any sense to the house of Hagnias, except that they have seized and hold what does not belong to them? Whether the house of Hagnias and of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, is to become extinct and have no name, has never in the least degree been an object of concern to them. > Greek: 80. ὁ δὲ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου καὶ ὁ πάππος οὐ κεκοινωνήκασιν τούτου, ἀλλʼ αὑτοῖς ἰδίᾳ ἐποιήσαντο μνῆμα ἄπωθεν τοῦ Βουσελιδῶν μνήματος. δοκοῦσιν ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκειν τι τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, πλὴν τοῦ ἔχειν ἁρπάσαντες τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα; εἰ δʼ ἐξερημωθήσεται ἢ ἀνώνυμος ἔσται ὁ οἶκος ὁ Ἁγνίου καὶ ὁ Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, οὐδὲ κατὰ τοὐλάχιστον πώποτʼ αὐτοῖς ἐμέλησεν. [¶34] 81. I for my part, men of the jury, am defending to the full extent of my power the interest of those dead relatives, but it is not an easy task to contend against the intrigues of these men. I therefore deliver over to you this boy to be the object of your care in whatever way you may deem most just. He has been adopted into the house of Eubulides, and has been introduced to the clansmen, not mine, but those of Eubulides and Hagnias and the defendant, Macartatus. > Greek: 81. ἐγὼ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βοηθῶ μὲν ὡς οἷός τʼ εἰμὶ μάλιστα τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν ἐκείνοις· οὐ πάνυ δʼ ἐστὶ ῥᾴδιον ταῖς τούτων παρασκευαῖς ἀνταγωνίζεσθαι. παραδίδωμι οὖν ὑμῖν τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐπιμεληθῆναι, ὅπως ὑμῖν δοκεῖ δικαιότατον εἶναι. οὗτος εἰσπεποίηται εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Εὐβουλίδου, καὶ εἰσῆκται εἰς τοὺς φράτερας, οὐκ εἰς τοὺς ἐμούς, ἀλλʼ εἰς τοὺς Εὐβουλίδου καὶ Ἁγνίου καὶ Μακαρτάτου τουτουί. [¶35] 82. And when he was being introduced, the rest of the clansmen cast their votes secretly, but the defendant Macartatus by an open vote declared that this boy was being rightly introduced as a son to Eubulides; for he did not wish to lay his hand upon the victim or to remove it from the altar, and thus make himself responsible; nay, he even received his portion of the flesh from the hand of this boy, and took it away with him, as did the rest of the clansmen. > Greek: 82. καὶ ὅτε εἰσήγετο, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι φράτερες κρύβδην ἔφερον τὴν ψῆφον, οὑτοσὶ δὲ Μακάρτατος φανερᾷ τῇ ψήφῳ ἐψηφίσατο ὀρθῶς εἰσάγεσθαι Εὐβουλίδῃ υἱὸν τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, οὐκ ἐθελήσας ἅψασθαι τοῦ ἱερείου οὐδὲ ἀπαγαγεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ ὑπεύθυνον αὑτὸν ποιήσας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μερίδα τῶν κρεῶν ᾤχετο λαβὼν παρὰ τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί, ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι φράτερες. [¶36] 83. Consider, men of the jury, that this boy is set before you as though he were the suppliant’s wand, on behalf of the deceased Hagnias and Eubulides and the other descendants of Hagnias, and that they supplicate you jurymen not to allow their house to be brought to extinction by these loathsome monsters, who are of the house of Stratius, and never belonged to that of Hagnias. Do not suffer them to keep what is not their own, but compel them to give it back into the house of Hagnias for those who are his relatives. > Greek: 83. νομίζετε δὴ τὸν παῖδα τοῦτον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἱκετηρίαν ὑμῖν προκεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν τετελευτηκότων Ἁγνίου καὶ Εὐβουλίδου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ ἱκετεύειν αὐτοὺς ὑμᾶς τοὺς δικαστάς, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται αὐτῶν ὁ οἶκος ὑπὸ τῶν μιαρῶν τούτων θηρίων, οἵ εἰσιν ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου, ἐν δὲ τῷ Ἁγνίου οὐδεπώποτʼ ἐγένοντο· μηδʼ ἐπιτρέψητε τούτοις ἔχειν τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα, ἀλλʼ ἀποδοῦναι ἀναγκάσατε εἰς τὸν Ἁγνίου οἶκον τοῖς προσήκουσιν τοῖς Ἁγνίου. [¶37] 84. I verily am defending the interests of those relatives who are dead, and the laws established to protect them, and I beg of you also, men of the jury, I beseech you, I implore you, do not shut your eyes to the outrage done to this boy by the defendants, nor suffer his ancestors to be treated with even greater indignity than before, as will be the case, if these men accomplish what they desire. No; rally to the defence of the laws, and take thought for the dead, that their house be not brought to extinction. By doing this you will render a verdict which is just and consonant with your oaths, and in the interest of your own selves. > Greek: 84. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐκείνοις τε βοηθῶ τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν καὶ τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς περὶ τούτων κειμένοις, δέομαι δὲ καὶ ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἱκετεύω καὶ ἀντιβολῶ, μὴ περιίδητε μήτε τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ ὑβρισθέντα ὑπὸ τούτων, μήτε τοὺς προγόνους τοὺς τούτου ἔτι μᾶλλον καταφρονουμένους ἢ νῦν καταπεφρόνηνται, ἐὰν διαπράξωνται οὗτοι ἃ βούλονται· ἀλλὰ τοῖς τε νόμοις βοηθεῖτε καὶ τῶν τετελευτηκότων ἐπιμελεῖσθε, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθῇ αὐτῶν ὁ οἶκος. καὶ ταῦτα ποιοῦντες τά τε δίκαια ψηφιεῖσθε καὶ τὰ εὔορκα καὶ τὰ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς συμφέροντα.