47. It was necessary to read these depositions, men of the jury, in order that we might not suffer the same experience as before, by being caught by these men unprepared. But far more convincing even than these shall be the testimony that Macartatus will give against himself, proving that neither his father Theopompus nor himself has any claim whatever to inherit anything from Hagnias, Theopompus being less near of kin, and belonging to quite a different branch of the family.
47. ἀναγνῶναι μὲν τὰς μαρτυρίας ταύτας ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἵνα μὴ τὸ αὐτὸ πάθοιμεν ὅπερ τὸ πρότερον, ἀπαράσκευοι ληφθέντες ὑπὸ τούτων. πολὺ δὲ σαφέστερον ἔτι αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ Μακάρτατος οὑτοσὶ καταμαρτυρήσει, ὅτι οὔτε Θεοπόμπῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ αὑτοῦ οὔτε αὐτῷ τούτῳ προσήκει οὐδενὸς κληρονομεῖν τῶν Ἁγνίου, γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντος τοῦ Θεοπόμπου καὶ οὐδʼ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ οἴκου τὸ παράπαν.
48. For suppose one should ask, men of the jury, Who is the person who disputes this boy’s title to the estate of Hagnias? I know well that he would say, Macartatus. Born of what father? Theopompus. And of what mother? Apolexis, daughter of a Prospaltian, and sister of Macartatus, also a Prospaltian. And who was the father of Theopompus? Charidemus. And of whom was Charidemus the son? Of Stratius. And of whom Stratius? Of Buselus. This, men of the jury, is the branch of Stratius, one of the sons of Buselus; and these whose names you have heard are descendants of Stratius; and among them there is not one single name of those belonging to the branch of Hagnias, or even one that is similar.
48. εἰ γάρ τις ἀνακρίνοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὑτοσὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἀμφισβητῶν τῷ παιδὶ τούτῳ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου; εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἀποκρίναιτʼ ἄν, Μακάρτατος. τίνος ὢν πατρός; Θεοπόμπου. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Ἀπολήξιδος θυγατρὸς Προσπαλτίου, ἀδελφῆς δὲ Μακαρτάτου Προσπαλτίου. ὁ δὲ Θεόπομπος τίνος ἦν πατρός; Χαριδήμου. ὁ δὲ Χαρίδημος τίνος; Στρατίου. ὁ δὲ Στρατίος τίνος; Βουσέλου. οὑτοσί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐστιν ὁ Στρατίου οἶκος, ἑνὸς τῶν Βουσέλου υἱέων, καὶ ἔκγονοι οὗτοί εἰσιν Στρατίου, οὓς ὑμεῖς ἀκηκόατε· καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐδαμοῦ ἐστιν οὐδὲν ὄνομα τῶν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ παραπλήσιον.
49. Now again I shall question this boy, asking who he is who contests the claim of Macartatus to the estate of Hagnias. The boy can make no other possible answer, men of the jury, than that he is Eubulides. The son of what father? Of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias. And of what mother? Of Phylomachê, who was the daughter of a first cousin to Hagnias on the father’s side. But of whom was Eubulides the son? Of Philagrus, the cousin of Hagnias. And of what mother? Of Phylomachê, the aunt of Hagnias.
49. πάλιν δὴ ἀνακρίνω τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, τίς ὢν ἀμφισβητεῖ Μακαρτάτῳ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου. οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἄλλʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἀποκρίνασθαι ὁ παῖς, ἢ ὅτι Εὐβουλίδης. τίνος ὢν πατρός; Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἀνεψιοῦ. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Φυλομάχης, ἣ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς πρὸς πατρός. ὁ Εὐβουλίδης δὲ τίνος ἦν πατρός; Φιλάγρου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου. μητρὸς δὲ τίνος; Φυλομάχης τῆς τηθίδος τῆς Ἁγνίου. ὁ δʼ Ἁγνίας τίνος ἦν υἱός; Πολέμωνος. ὁ δὲ Πολέμων τίνος; Ἁγνίου. ὁ δʼ Ἁγνίας τίνος; Βουσέλου.
50. And of whom was Hagnias the son? Of Polemon. And of whom Polemon? Of Hagnias. And of whom Hagnias? Of Buselus. This is another branch, that of Hagnias, one of the sons of Buselus, and here there occurs not a single name identical with those of the descendants in the branch of Stratius, or even one that is similar; but they proceed in the branch of Hagnias with their own series of names, receiving them from one another. In every respect, then, and in every way it is proved that these men belong to another branch of the family and are more remote of kin, and that they are not entitled to inherit anything of the estate of Hagnias. For to show you to whom the law-giver grants the right of succession and inheritance, the clerk will read you these laws. The Law “Whenever a man dies without making a will, if he leaves female children his estate shall go with them, but if not, the persons herein mentioned shall be entitled to his property: if there be brothers by the same father, and if there be lawfully born sons of brothers, they shall take the share of the father.
50. οὑτοσὶ ἕτερος οἶκός ἐστιν ὁ Ἁγνίου, ἑνὸς τῶν Βουσέλου υἱέων, καὶ ἐνταῦθʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔνεστι τὸ αὐτὸ ὄνομα τῶν ἐν τῷ Στρατίου οἴκῳ ὄντων ἐκγόνων, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ παραπλήσιον· ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ διʼ αὑτῶν πορεύονται ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, τὰ ὀνόματα παρʼ ἀλλήλων παραλαμβάνοντες. πανταχῇ δὴ καὶ πάντα τρόπον ἐξελέγχονται ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου καὶ γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντες, καὶ οὐ προσῆκον αὐτοῖς κληρονομεῖν οὐδενὸς τῶν Ἁγνίου. οἷς γὰρ δίδωσιν ὁ νομοθέτης τὴν ἀγχιστείαν καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν, τούτους ἀναγνώσεται ὑμῖν τοὺς νόμους. ΝΟΜΟΣ.
51. But if there are no brothers or sons of brothers, their descendants shall inherit it in like manner; but males and the sons of males shall take precedence, if they are of the same ancestors, even though they be more remote of kin. If there are no relatives on the father’s side within the degree of children of cousins, those on the mother’s side shall inherit in like manner. But if there shall be no relatives on either side within the degree mentioned, the nearest of kin on the father’s side shall inherit. But no illegitimate child of either sex shall have the right of succession either to religious rites or civic privileges, from the time of the archonship of Eucleides.”
51. ὅστις ἂν μὴ διαθέμενος ἀποθάνῃ, ἐὰν μὲν παῖδας καταλίπῃ θηλείας, σὺν ταύτῃσιν, ἐὰν δὲ μή, τούσδε κυρίους εἶναι τῶν χρημάτων. ἐὰν μὲν ἀδελφοὶ ὦσιν ὁμοπάτορες· καὶ ἐὰν παῖδες ἐξ ἀδελφῶν γνήσιοι, τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς μοῖραν λαγχάνειν· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀδελφοὶ ὦσιν ἢ ἀδελφῶν παῖδες, … ἐξ αὐτῶν κατὰ ταὐτὰ λαγχάνειν· κρατεῖν δὲ τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀρρένων, ἐὰν ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν ὦσι, καὶ ἐὰν γένει ἀπωτέρω. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὦσι πρὸς πατρὸς μέχρι ἀνεψιῶν παίδων, τοὺς πρὸς μητρὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατὰ ταὐτὰ κυρίους εἶναι. ἐὰν δὲ μηδετέρωθεν ᾖ ἐντὸς τούτων, τὸν πρὸς πατρὸς ἐγγυτάτω κύριον εἶναι. νόθῳ δὲ μηδὲ νόθῃ μὴ εἶναι ἀγχιστείαν μήθʼ ἱερῶν μήθʼ ὁσίων ἀπʼ Εὐκλείδου ἄρχοντος.
52. The law, men of the jury, expressly declares to whom the inheritance shall go. Not, by Heaven, to Theopompus nor to Macartatus, the son of Theopompus, who are in no sense whatever of the family of Hagnias. But to whom does it give the inheritance? To the descendants of Hagnias, to those who are in his branch of the family. This is what the law says, and this is what justice demands.
52. διαρρήδην λέγει ὁ νόμος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οἷς δεῖ τὴν κληρονομίαν εἶναι· οὐ μὰ Δίʼ οὐ Θεοπόμπῳ οὐδὲ Μακαρτάτῳ τῷ Θεοπόμπου υἱεῖ, τοῖς μηδὲ τὸ παράπαν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ οὖσι τῷ Ἁγνίου. ἀλλὰ τίνι καὶ δίδωσιν; τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς Ἁγνίου, τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ ἐκείνου. ταῦτα καὶ ὁ νόμος λέγει, καὶ τὸ δίκαιον οὕτως ἔχει.
53. Now, then, men of the jury, the law-giver has not given these rights to the relatives without imposing upon them in the law a large number of duties, which the relatives must of necessity perform. No; there are full many obligations laid upon the relatives to perform for which the law admits of no excuse; they must absolutely be performed. (To the clerk.) But, preferably, read the law itself—the first one. The Law “In regard to all heiresses who are classified as Thetes, if the nearest of kin does not wish to marry one, let him give her in marriage with a portion of five hundred drachmae, if he be of the class of Pentacosiomedimni, if of the class of Knights, with a portion of three hundred, and if of the class of Zeugitae, with one hundred and fifty, in addition to what is her own.
53. οὐ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ταῦτα μὲν ἔδωκεν ὁ νομοθέτης τοῖς προσήκουσιν, ἕτερα δὲ οὐ προσέταξεν πολλὰ πάνυ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ἃ δεῖ ποιεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας ἐπάναγκες· ἀλλὰ πολλὰ πάνυ ἐστὶν ἃ προστάττει ποιεῖν τοῖς προσήκουσιν, καὶ πρόφασιν οὐδεμίαν δίδωσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης δεῖ ποιεῖν. μᾶλλον δὲ λέγε αὐτὸν τὸν νόμον τὸν πρῶτον. ΝΟΜΟΣ.
54. If there are several kinsmen in the same degree of relationship, each one of them shall contribute to the portion of the heiress according to his due share. And if there be several heiresses, it shall not be necessary for a single kinsman to give in marriage more than one, but the next of kin shall in each case give her in marriage or marry her himself. And if the nearest of kin does not marry her or give her in marriage, the archon shall compel him either to marry her himself or give her in marriage. And if the archon shall not compel him, let him be fined a thousand drachmae, which are to be consecrate to Hera. And let any person who chooses denounce to the archon any person who disobeys this law.”
54. τῶν ἐπικλήρων ὅσαι θητικὸν τελοῦσιν, ἐὰν μὴ βούληται ἔχειν ὁ ἐγγύτατα γένους, ἐκδιδότω ἐπιδοὺς ὁ μὲν πεντακοσιομέδιμνος πεντακοσίας δραχμάς, ὁ δʼ ἱππεὺς τριακοσίας, ὁ δὲ ζευγίτης ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα, πρὸς οἷς αὐτῆς. ἐὰν δὲ πλείους ὦσιν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει, τῇ ἐπικλήρῳ πρὸς μέρος ἐπιδιδόναι ἕκαστον. ἐὰν δʼ αἱ γυναῖκες πλείους ὦσι, μὴ ἐπάναγκες εἶναι πλέον ἢ μίαν ἐκδοῦναι τῷ γʼ ἑνί, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐγγύτατα ἀεὶ ἐκδιδόναι ἢ αὐτὸν ἔχειν. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ ὁ ἐγγυτάτω γένους ἢ μὴ ἐκδῷ, ὁ ἄρχων ἐπαναγκαζέτω ἢ αὐτὸν ἔχειν ἢ ἐκδοῦναι. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἐπαναγκάσῃ ὁ ἄρχων, ὀφειλέτω χιλίας δραχμὰς ἱερὰς τῇ Ἥρᾳ. ἀπογραφέτω δὲ τὸν μὴ ποιοῦντα ταῦτα ὁ βουλόμενος πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα.
55. You hear what the law says, men of the jury. But when it became necessary to sue for the hand of the heiress Phylomachê, the mother of this boy and the daughter of the first cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side, I came forward out of respect for the law and preferred my suit as being next of kin; but Theopompus, the father of Macartatus, neither came forward nor in any way disputed my claim, because he had no semblance of right, although he was of the same age as she.
55. ἃ μὲν λέγει ὁ νόμος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀκούετε. ὅτε δὲ τῆς ἐπικλήρου ἔδει ἐπιδικάζεσθαι Φυλομάχης τῆς τουτουὶ μητρὸς τοῦ παιδός, Ἁγνίου δὲ ἀνεψιοῦ παιδὸς οὔσης πρὸς πατρός, ἐγὼ μὲν ἧκον φοβούμενος τὸν νόμον καὶ ἐπεδικαζόμην γένει ὢν ἐγγυτάτω, Θεόπομπος δὲ ὁ Μακαρτάτου πατὴρ οὐδὲ προσῆλθεν τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲ ἠμφεσβήτησεν διὰ τὸ μηδʼ ὁτιοῦν αὐτῷ προσήκειν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὢν τῇ αὐτῇ.
56. And yet, men of the jury, how can you fail to think it strange that Theopompus never made any claim for the hand of the heiress, who was the daughter of the first cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side, and yet demands to have the estate of Hagnias contrary to the laws? Could there be persons more shameless or more abominable than these? (To the clerk.) Read the other laws also. TheLaws “Proclamation shall be made in the market-place to the shedder of blood by a kinsman within the degree of cousin and cousinship, and cousins and sons of cousins and sons-in-law and fathers-in-law and clansmen shall join in the pursuit.
56. καίτοι πῶς οἴεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἄτοπον εἶναι, τῆς μὲν ἐπικλήρου, ἣ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς πρὸς πατρός, ταύτης μὲν μηδεπώποτε ἀμφισβητῆσαι Θεόπομπον, τὸν δὲ κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου ἀξιοῦν ἔχειν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; τούτων γένοιντʼ ἂν ἄνθρωποι ἀναισχυντότεροι ἢ μιαρώτεροι; ἀναγίγνωσκε καὶ τοὺς ἑτέρους νόμους. ΝΟΜΟΙ.
57. To secure condonation, if there be father or brother or sons, all must concur, or whoever opposes shall prevail. And if there be none of these and the slaying was involuntary, and the Fifty-one, the Ephetae, shall agree that the slaying was involuntary, let the clansmen, ten in number, grant the right of entrance to the shedder of blood, if they see fit; and let these be chosen by the Fifty-one according to rank. And those who had shed blood before the enactment of this statute shall be bound by its provisions.—And when persons die in the demes and no one takes them up for burial, let the Demarch give notice to the relatives to take them up and bury them, and to purify the deme on the day on which each of them dies.”
57. προειπεῖν τῷ κτείναντι ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐντὸς ἀνεψιότητος καὶ ἀνεψιοῦ, συνδιώκειν δὲ καὶ ἀνεψιοὺς καὶ ἀνεψιῶν παῖδας καὶ γαμβροὺς καὶ πενθεροὺς καὶ φράτερας. αἰδέσασθαι δέ, ἐὰν μὲν πατὴρ ᾖ ἢ ἀδελφὸς ἢ υἱεῖς, ἅπαντας, ἢ τὸν κωλύοντα κρατεῖν. ἐὰν δὲ τούτων μηδεὶς ᾖ, κτείνῃ δὲ ἄκων, γνῶσι δὲ οἱ πεντήκοντα καὶ εἷς, οἱ ἐφέται, ἄκοντα κτεῖναι, ἐσέσθων οἱ φράτερες, ἐὰν ἐθέλωσι, δέκα· τούτους δὲ οἱ πεντήκοντα καὶ εἷς ἀριστίνδην αἱρείσθων. καὶ οἱ πρότερον κτείναντες ἐν τῷδε τῷ θεσμῷ ἐνεχέσθων. —τοὺς δʼ ἀπογιγνομένους ἐν τοῖς δήμοις, οὓς ἂν μηδεὶς ἀναιρῆται, ἐπαγγελλέτω ὁ δήμαρχος τοῖς προσήκουσιν ἀναιρεῖν καὶ θάπτειν καὶ καθαίρειν τὸν δῆμον, τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἂν ἀπογένηται ἕκαστος αὐτῶν.
58. “In the case of slaves he shall give notice to their masters, and in the case of freemen to those possessing their property; and if the deceased had no property, the Demarch shall give notice to the relatives of the deceased. And if, after the Demarch shall have given notice, the relatives do not take up the body, the Demarch shall contract for the taking up and burial of the body, and for the purification of the deme on the same day at the lowest possible cost. And if he shall not so contract, he shall be bound to pay a thousand drachmae into the public treasury. And whatsoever he shall expend, he shall exact double the amount from those liable; and if he does not exact it he shall himself be under obligation to repay it to the demesmen. And those who do not pay the rents due for the lands of the goddess or of the gods and the eponymous heroes shall be disenfranchised, themselves and their family and their heirs, until they shall make payment.”
58. ἐπαγγέλλειν δὲ περὶ μὲν τῶν δούλων τῷ δεσπότῃ, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἐλευθέρων τοῖς τὰ χρήματʼ ἔχουσιν· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ᾖ χρήματα τῷ ἀποθανόντι, τοῖς προσήκουσι τοῦ ἀποθανόντος ἐπαγγέλλειν. ἐὰν δὲ τοῦ δημάρχου ἐπαγγείλαντος μὴ ἀναιρῶνται οἱ προσήκοντες, ὁ μὲν δήμαρχος ἀπομισθωσάτω ἀνελεῖν καὶ καταθάψαι καὶ καθῆραι τὸν δῆμον αὐθημερόν, ὅπως ἂν δύνηται ὀλιγίστου· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀπομισθώσῃ, ὀφειλέτω χιλίας δραχμὰς τῷ δημοσίῳ. ὅ τι δʼ ἂν ἀναλώσῃ, διπλάσιον πραξάσθω παρὰ τῶν ὀφειλόντων· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ πράξῃ, αὐτὸς ὀφειλέτω τοῖς δημόταις.—τοὺς δὲ μὴ ἀποδιδόντας τὰς μισθώσεις τῶν τεμενῶν τῶν τῆς θεοῦ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἀτίμους εἶναι καὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ γένος καὶ κληρονόμους τοὺς τούτων, ἕως ἂν ἀποδῶσιν.
59. All these duties which the laws lay upon relatives to perform, they lay upon us, and compel us to perform them, men of the jury. But to Macartatus here they say not a word, nor to Theopompus, his father; for they belong in no sense to the family of Hagnias. Why, then, should the laws lay any duties upon them?
59. ταῦτα πάντα, ὅσα οἱ νόμοι προστάττουσιν τοὺς προσήκοντας ποιεῖν, ἡμῖν προστάττουσιν καὶ ἀναγκάζουσιν ποιεῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. Μακαρτάτῳ δὲ τουτῳὶ οὐδὲν διαλέγονται οὐδὲ Θεοπόμπῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ τούτου· οὐδὲ γάρ εἰσιν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τὸ παράπαν· πῶς ἂν οὖν τούτοις τι προστάττοιεν;
60. But the defendant, men of the jury, while he has no just argument whatever to make against the laws and the depositions which we produce, makes a show of indignation, and says he is being cruelly treated because, his father being dead, it falls to him to be defendant in this suit. But he does not bear in mind, men of the jury, that his father was a mortal man, and has met his end along with many others both younger and older than himself. Yet if Theopompus, the father of the defendant, is dead, the laws are not dead, nor is justice, nor are the jurymen with whom the verdict rests.
60. ἀλλʼ οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρὸς μὲν τοὺς νόμους καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας, ἃς ἡμεῖς παρεχόμεθα, δίκαιον οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔχει λέγειν, ἀγανακτεῖ δὲ καὶ δεινά φησι πάσχειν, ὅτι τοῦ πατρὸς τετελευτηκότος ἀγωνίζεται. ἐκεῖνο δʼ οὐκ ἐνθυμεῖται Μακάρτατος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἄνθρωπος ἦν θνητός, καὶ τετελεύτηκεν μετʼ ἄλλων πολλῶν καὶ νεωτέρων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων. ἀλλʼ εἰ Θεόπομπος τετελεύτηκεν ὁ τουτουὶ πατήρ, οἱ νόμοι οὐ τετελευτήκασιν, οὐδὲ τὸ δίκαιον [τετελεύτηκεν], οὐδʼ οἱ δικασταὶ οἱ τὴν ψῆφον ἔχοντες.
61. The present contest and the present trial are not to decide whether one man has died before or after another, but whether or not it is right that the kinsmen of Hagnias, cousins and children of cousins to Hagnias on his father’s side, should be driven out from the family of Hagnias by persons belonging to the family of Stratius, who have no shadow of right to inherit the estate of Hagnias, but are more remote of kin. This is the question at issue in the present trial.
61. ἔστιν δʼ ὁ νῦν ἀγὼν καὶ ἡ διαδικασία οὐκ εἴ τις ἕτερος ἑτέρου πρότερος ἢ ὕστερος τετελεύτηκεν, ἀλλʼ εἰ μὴ προσήκει ἐξελαθῆναι ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τοὺς οἰκείους τοὺς Ἁγνίου, ἀνεψιοὺς ὄντας καὶ ἀνεψιῶν παῖδας Ἁγνίᾳ πρὸς πατρός, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου καὶ μηδὲν προσηκόντων ὥστε κληρονομεῖν τῶν Ἁγνίου, ἀλλὰ γένει ἀπωτέρω ὄντων. περὶ τούτου νῦν ἐσθʼ ὁ ἀγών.
62. You will see even more clearly, men of the jury, from the following law, that the lawgiver Solon is very much in earnest in regard to those who are relatives, and not only gives them the property left by the deceased, but also lays upon them all the burdensome obligations. (To the clerk.) Read the law. The Law “The deceased shall be laid out in the house in any way one chooses, and they shall carry out the deceased on the day after that on which they lay him out, before the sun rises. And the men shall walk in front, when they carry him out, and the women behind. And no woman less than sixty years of age shall be permitted to enter the chamber of the deceased, or to follow the deceased when he is carried to the tomb, except those who are within the degree of children of cousins; nor shall any woman be permitted to enter the chamber of the deceased when the body is carried out, except those who are within the degree of children of cousins.”
62. ἔτι δὲ σαφέστερον γνώσεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ νόμου, ὅτι Σόλων ὁ νομοθέτης σπουδάζει περὶ τοὺς οἰκείους, καὶ οὐ μόνον δίδωσιν τὰ καταλειφθέντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ προστάγματα ποιεῖται τὰ δυσχερῆ ἅπαντα τοῖς προσήκουσι. λέγε τὸν νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. τὸν ἀποθανόντα προτίθεσθαι ἔνδον, ὅπως ἂν βούληται. ἐκφέρειν δὲ τὸν ἀποθανόντα τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ᾗ ἂν προθῶνται, πρὶν ἥλιον ἐξέχειν. βαδίζειν δὲ τοὺς ἄνδρας πρόσθεν, ὅταν ἐκφέρωνται, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ὄπισθεν. γυναῖκα δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι εἰσιέναι εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος μηδʼ ἀκολουθεῖν ἀποθανόντι, ὅταν εἰς τὰ σήματα ἄγηται, ἐντὸς ἑξήκοντʼ ἐτῶν γεγονυῖαν, πλὴν ὅσαι ἐντὸς ἀνεψιαδῶν εἰσι· μηδʼ εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος εἰσιέναι, ἐπειδὰν ἐξενεχθῇ ὁ νέκυς, γυναῖκα μηδεμίαν πλὴν ὅσαι ἐντὸς ἀνεψιαδῶν εἰσίν.
63. The law does not allow any woman except female relatives within the degree of cousinship to enter the chamber where the deceased lies, and it permits these same women to follow to the tomb. Now Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, the father of Hagnias, was not cousin to Hagnias, but aunt; for she was sister to Polemon, the father of Hagnias. But Eubulides, the son of this woman, was cousin on his father’s side to Hagnias, whose inheritance is in question. And the mother of this boy here was the daughter of Eubulides.
63. οὐκ ἐᾷ εἰσιέναι οὗ ἂν ᾖ ὁ τετελευτηκώς, οὐδεμίαν γυναῖκα ἄλλην ἢ τὰς προσηκούσας μέχρι ἀνεψιότητος, καὶ πρὸς τὸ μνῆμα ἀκολουθεῖν τὰς αὐτὰς ταύτας. Φυλομάχη τοίνυν ἡ Πολέμωνος ἀδελφὴ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὐκ ἀνεψιὰ ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, ἀλλὰ τηθίς· ἀδελφὴ γὰρ ἦν Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου. Εὐβουλίδης δὲ ὁ υἱὸς ταύτης τῆς γυναικὸς ἀνεψιὸς ἦν πρὸς πατρὸς Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος. τοῦ δʼ Εὐβουλίδου ἦν θυγάτηρ ἡ τούτου τοῦ παιδὸς μήτηρ.
64. These female relatives the law commanded to be present at the laying out of the deceased, and to follow to the tomb, not the mother of Macartatus nor the wife of Theopompus; for she was in no way related to Hagnias, but was of another tribe, the Acamantis, and of another deme, that of Prospalta, so that she was not even apprised in any way at the time Hagnias lay dead.
64. ταύτας κελεύει τὰς προσηκούσας καὶ παρεῖναι τῇ προθέσει τοῦ τετελευτηκότος καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἀκολουθεῖν, οὐ τὴν Μακαρτάτου μητέρα οὐδὲ τὴν Θεοπόμπου γυναῖκα· οὐδὲν γὰρ προσήκουσα Ἁγνίᾳ αὕτη, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἑτέρας φυλῆς, Ἀκαμαντίδος, καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρου δήμου, Προσπαλτόθεν, ὥστε τὸ παράπαν οὐδʼ ᾔσθετο, ὅτε ἦν τετελευτηκὼς Ἁγνίας.
65. It is surely a most outrageous result that these men are scheming to bring about, that forsooth we and the women of our family should inherit the body of Hagnias, when he was dead, and should perform all the proper rites, as being relatives and nearest of kin, but that Macartatus should claim the right to possess the estate of the dead Hagnias, though he belongs to the house of Stratius and is descended from Apolexis, daughter of the Prospaltian and sister of Macartatus. But this is neither just nor righteous, men of the jury.
65. ὑπεραναίσχυντον δὴ οὗτοι κατασκευάζουσι πρᾶγμα, ὡς ἄρα δεῖ ἡμᾶς καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας τὰς ἡμετέρας τοῦ μὲν σώματος τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὅτε ἐτετελευτήκει, κληρονόμους εἶναι καὶ ποιεῖν ἅπαντα τὰ νομιζόμενα, ὡς προσήκοντας καὶ γένει ὄντας ἐγγυτάτω, τὸν δὲ κλῆρον οἴεσθαι δεῖν ἔχειν τὸν Ἁγνίου τοῦ τετελευτηκότος Μακάρτατον, ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου ὄντα καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀπολήξιδος τοῦ Προσπαλτίου θυγατρός, Μακαρτάτου δὲ ἀδελφῆς. ἀλλʼ οὔτε δίκαιον οὔθʼ ὅσιον τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
66. (To the clerk.) Now please read the words of the oracle brought from Delphi, from the shrine of the god, that you may see that it speaks in the same terms concerning relatives as do the laws of Solon. Oracle “May good fortune attend you. The people of the Athenians make inquiry about the sign which has appeared in the heavens, asking what the Athenians should do, or to what god they should offer sacrifice or make prayer, in order that the issue of the sign may be for their advantage. It will be well for the Athenians with reference to the sign which has appeared in the heavens that they sacrifice with happy auspices to Zeus most high, to Athena most high, to Heracles, to Apollo the deliverer, and that they send due offerings to the Amphiones; that they sacrifice for good fortune to Apollo, god of the ways, to Leto and to Artemis, and that they make the streets steam with the savour of sacrifice; that they set forth bowls of wine and institute choruses and wreathe themselves with garlands after the custom of their fathers, in honor of all the Olympian gods and goddesses, lifting up the right hand and the left, and that they be mindful to bring gifts of thanksgiving after the custom of their fathers. And ye shall offer sacrificial gifts after the custom of your fathers to the hero-founder after whom ye are named; and for the dead their relatives shall make offerings on the appointed day according to established custom.”
66. ἀνάγνωθι δέ μοι τὰ ἐκ τῆς μαντείας τῆς ἐκ Δελφῶν κομισθείσης παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα αἴσθησθε ὅτι ταὐτὰ λέγει περὶ τῶν προσηκόντων τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς τοῦ Σόλωνος. ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ. ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ. ἐπερωτᾷ ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων περὶ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ γενομένου, ὅ τι ἂν δρῶσιν Ἀθηναίοις ἢ ὅτῳ θεῷ θύουσιν ἢ εὐχομένοις εἴη ἐπὶ τὸ ἄμεινον ἀπὸ τοῦ σημείου. συμφέρει Ἀθηναίοις περὶ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ γενομένου θύοντας καλλιερεῖν Διὶ ὑπάτῳ, Ἀθηνᾷ ὑπάτῃ, Ἡρακλεῖ, Ἀπόλλωνι σωτῆρι, καὶ ἀποπέμπειν Ἀμφιόνεσσι· περὶ τύχας ἀγαθᾶς Ἀπόλλωνι ἀγυιεῖ, Λατοῖ, Ἀρτέμιδι, καὶ τὰς ἀγυιὰς κνισῆν, καὶ κρατῆρας ἱστάμεν καὶ χορούς, καὶ στεφαναφορεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· θεοῖς Ὀλυμπίοις καὶ Ὀλυμπίαις πάντεσσι καὶ πάσαις, δεξιὰς καὶ ἀριστερὰς ἀνίσχοντας, μνασιδωρεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· ἥρῳ ἀρχαγέτᾳ, οὗ ἐπώνυμοί ἐστε, θύειν καὶ δωροτελεῖν καττὰ πάτρια· τοῖς ἀποφθιμένοις ἐν ἱκνουμένᾳ ἁμέρᾳ τελεῖν τοὺς ποθίκοντας καττὰ ἁγημένα.
67. You hear, men of the jury, that Solon in the laws and the god in the oracle use the same language, bidding the relatives to perform rites for the departed on the proper days. But neither Theopompus nor the defendant Macartatus cared at all for these things; they cared only for this, that they might retain possession of what does not belong to them, and to complain that after having had the estate for so long, they must now defend their title to it. I should have thought, men of the jury, that one who unjustly keeps in his possession the property of another, should not make complaints if he has kept it in his possession longer than is right, but should be grateful, not to us, but to fortune, that so many unavoidable delays have occurred in the interim, so that he is not brought to trial until now.
67. ἀκούετε, ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι ταὐτὰ λέγει ὅ τε Σόλων ἐν τοῖς νόμοις καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ μαντείᾳ, κελεύων τοῖς κατοιχομένοις ποιεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας ἐν ταῖς καθηκούσαις ἡμέραις. ἀλλὰ τούτων οὐδὲν ἔμελεν Θεοπόμπῳ οὐδὲ Μακαρτάτῳ τουτῳί, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μόνον, τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα ἑαυτοῖς ἔχειν, καὶ ἐγκαλεῖν ὅτι πολὺν χρόνον ἐχόντων ἑαυτῶν τὸν κλῆρον νυνὶ ἀγωνίζονται. ἐγὼ δὲ ᾤμην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκειν τὸν τἀλλότρια ἀδίκως ἔχοντα οὐκ ἐγκαλεῖν, εἰ πλείω χρόνον εἶχεν, ἀλλὰ χάριν εἰδέναι, μὴ ἡμῖν, ἀλλὰ τῇ τύχῃ, ὅτι πολλαὶ καὶ ἀναγκαῖαι διατριβαὶ ἐγένοντο ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χρόνῳ, ὥστε νῦν περὶ τούτων ἀγωνίζεσθαι.
68. Our opponents, then, men of the jury, are men of this stamp; they care nothing either for the extinction of the house of Hagnias, or for all the rest of their lawless deeds; men, who, O Zeus and the gods—but why should one mention the other things relative to them? There would be much indeed to tell of. But one thing which they have brought to pass is the most lawless and the most abominable, and most clearly proves that they care for nothing except their profit.
68. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν ἄνθρωποι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ μέλει αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν οὔτε τοῦ οἴκου ἐξερημουμένου τοῦ Ἁγνίου οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων ὅσα παρανομοῦσιν· οἵτινές γε, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα τί ἄν τις λέγοι περὶ τούτων; πολλὰ γὰρ ἂν εἴη λέγειν· ἓν δὲ ὃ παρανομώτατον καὶ μιαρώτατον διαπεπραγμένοι εἰσίν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐνδεικνύμενοι ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς μέλει πλὴν τοῦ πλεονεκτεῖν·
69. For no sooner had Theopompus got the award of the estate of Hagnias in the manner which you have heard, than he at once gave proof that he knew well that he was in possession of what in no sense belonged to him. The thing which was of the greatest value on the farms belonging to Hagnias, and which was most admired by the neighbors and by everybody else, was the olive trees. These they dug up and rooted out, more than a thousand trees, from which a large quantity of oil was produced. These trees our opponents rooted out and sold, and received a huge sum of money. And they did this while the estate of Hagnias was still subject to adjudication in accordance with the very law which had permitted them to cite the mother of this boy here.
69. οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη Θεόπομπος τὴν ἐπιδικασίαν ποιησάμενος τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον ὃν ὑμεῖς ἀκηκόατε, καὶ εὐθὺς ἐνεδείξατο ὅτι τὰ οὐδὲν προσήκοντα ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν ἐνόμιζεν. ὃ γὰρ ἦν πλείστου ἄξιον ἐν τοῖς χωρίοις τοῖς Ἁγνίου καὶ ἐθαυμάζετο μάλιστα ὑπὸ τῶν προσχώρων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, αἱ ἐλᾶαι, ταύτας ἐξώρυττον καὶ ἐξεπρέμνιζον, πλέον ἢ χίλια στελέχη, ὅθεν ἔλαιον πολὺ ἐγίγνετο. ταύτας οὗτοι ἀπέδοντο ἐκπρεμνίσαντες, καὶ ἀργύριον ὑπέρπολυ ἔλαβον. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐποίουν οὗτοι ἐπιδίκου ὄντος τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καθʼ ὅνπερ οὗτοι τὴν τουτουὶ μητέρα προσεκαλέσαντο.
70. To prove that I speak the truth in this, that they rooted up the olive trees from the farms which Hagnias left, I will produce for you as witnesses the neighbors and others whom we summoned, when we made a solemn protest against this action. (To the clerk.) Read the deposition. Deposition “The deponents testify that on being summoned by Sositheus they accompanied him to Araphen, to the lands of Hagnias, after Theopompus had had the estate of Hagnias adjudged to him, and that Sositheus showed them the olive trees being rooted up from the land of Hagnias.”
70. ὅτι δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ ἐξεπρέμνισαν οὗτοι τὰς ἐλάας ἐκ τῶν χωρίων ὧν Ἁγνίας κατέλιπεν, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν τούτων παρεξόμεθα τούς τε προσχώρους καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οὓς παρεκαλέσαμεν, ὅτʼ ἐπεμαρτυρόμεθα περὶ τούτων. λέγε τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ μαρτυροῦσιν ἀκολουθῆσαι Ἀραφῆνάδε παρακληθέντες ὑπὸ Σωσιθέου εἰς τοὺς Ἁγνίου ἀγρούς, ἐπειδὴ Θεόπομπος ἐπεδικάσατο τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ ἐπιδεικνύναι αὑτοῖς Σωσίθεον τὰς ἐλάας πρεμνιζομένας ἐκ τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἀγροῦ.
71. If now, men of the jury, it were against the dead man only that they had committed an outrage in doing this, their conduct would have been disgraceful, though in a less degree; but in reality it is against the whole city that they have committed this outrage, and they have broken your laws. You will know this, when you have heard the law. (To the clerk.) Read the law. The Law “If anyone shall dig up an olive tree at Athens, except it be for a sanctuary of the Athenian state or of one of its demes, or for his own use to the number of two olive trees each year, or except it be needful to use it for the service of one who is dead, he shall be fined one hundred drachmae, to he paid into the public treasury, for each tree, and the tenth part of this sum shall belong to the goddess. Furthermore he shall be obligated to pay to the private individual who prosecutes him one hundred drachmae for each olive tree. And suits concerning these matters shall be brought before the archons, according as they severally have jurisdiction. And the prosecutor shall deposit the court fees for his share. And when a person shall have been convicted, the archon before whom the case was brought shall make a report to the collectors of the amount due to the treasury, and of the amount due to the goddess, to the treasurers of the goddess. And if they fail to make such reports, they shall themselves be liable for the amount.”
71. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸν τετελευτηκότα μόνον ὕβριζον ταῦτα διαπραξάμενοι, δεινὰ μὲν ⟨ἂν⟩ ἐποίουν, ἧττον δέ· νῦν δὲ καὶ εἰς ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ταυτὶ ὑβρίκασι καὶ παρανενομήκασιν. γνώσεσθε δέ, ἐπειδὰν τοῦ νόμου ἀκούσητε. ἀναγίγνωσκε τὸν νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ἐάν τις ἐλάαν Ἀθήνησιν ἐξορύττῃ, ἐὰν μὴ εἰς ἱερὸν Ἀθηναίων δημόσιον ἢ δημοτικόν, ἢ ἑαυτῷ χρῆσθαι μέχρι δυοῖν ἐλάαιν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑκάστου, ἢ ἐπὶ ἀποθανόντα δέῃ χρήσασθαι, ὀφείλειν ἑκατὸν δραχμὰς τῷ δημοσίῳ τῆς ἐλάας ἑκάστης, τὸ δὲ ἐπιδέκατον τούτου τῆς θεοῦ εἶναι. ὀφειλέτω δὲ καὶ τῷ ἰδιώτῃ τῷ ἐπεξιόντι ἑκατὸν δραχμὰς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἐλάαν. τὰς δὲ δίκας εἶναι περὶ τούτων πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας, ὧν ἕκαστοι δικασταί εἰσι. πρυτανεῖα δὲ τιθέτω ὁ διώκων τοῦ αὑτοῦ μέρους. ὅτου δʼ ἂν καταγνωσθῇ, ἐγγραφόντων οἱ ἄρχοντες, πρὸς οὓς ἂν ᾖ ἡ δίκη, τοῖς πράκτορσιν, ὃ τῷ δημοσίῳ γίγνεται· ⟨ὃ δὲ τῇ θεῷ γίγνεται⟩, τοῖς ταμίαις τῶν τῆς θεοῦ. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἐγγράφωσιν, αὐτοὶ ὀφειλόντων.
72. The law is thus severe. But pray ponder in your minds, men of the jury, what you must imagine us to have suffered in the past from these men and the insolence of these men, when they have shown contempt toward you, so great a people, and have done what the laws expressly forbid their doing, in thus contemptuously laying waste the farms which Hagnias left. The law forbids anyone to root up any of these things even out of his own land inherited from his fathers. Much indeed do these men care either about obedience to your laws or the saving of the house of Hagnias from extinction!
72. ὁ μὲν νόμος οὗτος οὕτως ἰσχυρός. ἐκεῖνο δʼ ἐνθυμεῖσθε πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τί ποτʼ οἴεσθʼ ἡμᾶς πάσχειν ἐν τῷ παρεληλυθότι χρόνῳ ὑπὸ τούτων καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως τῆς τούτων, ὅπου ὑμῶν, πόλεως τηλικαυτησί, κατεφρόνησαν καὶ τῶν νόμων τῶν ὑμετέρων, καὶ ἃ διαρρήδην ἀπαγορεύουσιν οἱ νόμοι μὴ ποιεῖν, οὑτωσὶ καταφρονητικῶς ᾐκίσαντο τὰ χωρία ἃ κατέλιπεν Ἁγνίας. ὁ δὲ νόμος ἀπαγορεύει μηδʼ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ χωρίου τοῦ πατρῴου μηδὲν τούτων ποιεῖν. πολύ γε αὐτοῖς μέλει ἢ τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς ὑμετέροις πείθεσθαι, ἢ ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται ὁ οἶκος ὁ Ἁγνίου.
73. I desire, men of the jury, to speak to you in a few words about myself, and to prove to you that I have, in a very different way from theirs, shown my concern that the house of Hagnias should not become extinct. For I, too, am myself of the family of Buselus. For Callistratus married the granddaughter of Habron, the son of Buselus, being himself the son of Eubulides and grandson of Buselus; and from the granddaughter of Habron and Callistratus, the nephew of Habron, our mother was born.
73. ἐγὼ δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βούλομαι περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰπεῖν διὰ βραχέων, καὶ ἐπιδεῖξαι ὅτι οὐχ ὁμοίως τούτοις ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιησάμην τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται. καὶ αὐτὸς γάρ εἰμι τοῦ γένους τοῦ Βουσέλου. Ἅβρωνος γὰρ τοῦ Βουσέλου υἱέος ἔλαβεν τὴν θυγατριδῆν Καλλίστρατος, Εὐβουλίδου μὲν υἱὸς ὤν, Βουσέλου δʼ ὑϊδοῦς· καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἅβρωνος θυγατριδῆς καὶ ἐκ Καλλιστράτου τοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦ τοῦ Ἅβρωνος ἐγένετο ἡ μήτηρ ἡ ἡμετέρα.
74. I myself, when I had been awarded the hand of the mother of this boy, and four sons and one daughter had been born to me, gave them, men of the jury, the following names: to the eldest I gave, as was fitting, the name of my father Sosias, and thus I gave to the eldest this name that was his due; to the son born next after him I gave the name Eubulides, which was the name of the father of this boy’s mother; to the next after him I gave the name Menestheus, for Menestheus was a relative of my wife; and to the youngest I gave the name Callistratus, which was the name of my mother’s father. In addition to all this, I did not give my daughter in marriage into another family, but to my own brother’s son, in order that, if they had health, the children born of them should be of the same family as Hagnias.
74. ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπειδὴ ἐπεδικασάμην τῆς τούτου μητρὸς καὶ ἐγένοντό μοι υἱεῖς μὲν τέτταρες, θυγάτηρ δὲ μία, τὰ ὀνόματα ἐθέμην τούτοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῷ μὲν πρεσβυτάτῳ τὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμαυτοῦ ὄνομα, Σωσίαν, ὥσπερ καὶ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, καὶ ἀπέδωκα τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα· τῷ δὲ μετʼ αὐτὸν γενομένῳ τούτῳ ἐθέμην Εὐβουλίδην, ὅπερ ἦν ὄνομα τῷ πατρὶ τῷ τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί· τῷ δὲ μετὰ τοῦτον Μενεσθέα ἐθέμην (καὶ γὰρ ὁ Μενεσθεὺς οἰκεῖος ἦν τῆς ἐμῆς γυναικός)· τῷ δὲ νεωτάτῳ ἐθέμην ὄνομα Καλλίστρατον, ὃ ἦν ὄνομα τῷ πατρὶ τῆς ἐμῆς μητρός. ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔδωκα οὐδαμόσε ἔξω, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ τῷ ἐμαυτοῦ, ὅπως, ἐὰν ὑγιαίνωσιν, καὶ οἱ ἐκ τούτων ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους ὦσιν Ἁγνίᾳ.
75. I, then, administered matters in this way, in order that the families springing from Buselus should as completely as possible be preserved. As for our opponents, let us examine them once more. (To the clerk.) And first of all read this law. Law “Let the archon take charge of orphans and of heiresses and of families that are becoming extinct, and of all women who remain in the houses of their deceased husbands, declaring that they are pregnant. Let him take charge of these, and not suffer anyone to do any outrage to them. And if anyone shall commit any outrage or any lawless act against them, he shall have power to impose a fine upon such person up to the limit fixed by law. And if the offender shall seem to him to be deserving of a more severe punishment, let him summon such a person, giving him five days’ notice, and bring him before the court of Heliaea, writing upon the indictment the penalty which he thinks is deserved. And if there be a conviction, let the court of Heliaea appoint for the one convicted what penalty he ought to suffer or pay.”
75. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διῴκησα, ὅπως ἂν διασῴζωνται ὅτι μάλιστα οἱ οἶκοι οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου· τούτους δὲ ἐξετάσωμεν πάλιν. καὶ πρώτιστον μὲν τὸν νόμον τουτονὶ ἀνάγνωθι. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ὁ ἄρχων ἐπιμελείσθω τῶν ὀρφανῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπικλήρων καὶ τῶν οἴκων τῶν ἐξερημουμένων καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν, ὅσαι μένουσιν ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν τεθνηκότων φάσκουσαι κυεῖν. τούτων ἐπιμελείσθω καὶ μὴ ἐάτω ὑβρίζειν μηδένα περὶ τούτους. ἐὰν δέ τις ὑβρίζῃ ἢ ποιῇ τι παράνομον, κύριος ἔστω ἐπιβάλλειν κατὰ τὸ τέλος. ἐὰν δὲ μείζονος ζημίας δοκῇ ἄξιος εἶναι, προσκαλεσάμενος πρόπεμπτα καὶ τίμημα ἐπιγραψάμενος, ὅ τι ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ, εἰσαγέτω εἰς τὴν ἡλιαίαν. ἐὰν δʼ ἁλῷ, τιμάτω ἡ ἡλιαία περὶ τοῦ ἁλόντος, ὅ τι χρὴ αὐτὸν παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι.
76. How, now, could people more effectively bring a house to extinction than if, being themselves of another house, that of Stratius, they should dispossess those nearest of kin to Hagnias? Or again, if one should claim to possess the estate of Hagnias as being related by blood, when he bears a name that is not only not derived from the family of Hagnias, but not even from that of Stratius, the claimant’s own ancestor—no, when he has not the name of any other of all the descendants of Buselus, many as they are?
76. πῶς ἂν μᾶλλον ἐξερημώσαιεν ἄνθρωποι οἶκον, ἢ εἴ τινες τούς τε γένει ὄντας ἐγγυτάτω Ἁγνίᾳ, τούτους ἐξελαύνοιεν ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου ὄντες, τοῦ Στρατίου, καὶ πάλιν εἰ τὸν μὲν κλῆρον ἀξιοῖ ἔχειν τὸν Ἁγνίου ὡς γένει προσήκων, τὸ δʼ ὄνομα, ὅ ἐστιν αὐτῷ, μὴ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Ἁγνίου οἴκου, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου ἐστὶν τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ προγόνου, οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπογόνων τῶν Βουσέλου, τοσούτων γενομένων, οὐδενὸς ἔχει τὸ ὄνομα;
77. Whence, then, does he get the name Macartatus? From his mother’s family. For he was adopted into the family of Macartatus of Prospalta, who was his mother’s brother, and he possesses that estate also. And so regardless of right is he that, when a son was born to him, he forgot to introduce him into the family of Hagnias, as a son to Hagnias, and that too while he was in possession of the estate of Hagnias, and claimed that he was related to him by male descent.
77. ἀλλὰ πόθεν δή ἐστι τὸ ὄνομα ὁ Μακάρτατος; ἐκ τῶν πρὸς μητρός. εἰσεποιήθη γὰρ οὗτος εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Μακαρτάτου τοῦ Προσπαλτίου, ἀδελφοῦ ὄντος τῆς μητρὸς τῆς τούτου, καὶ ἔχει καὶ ἐκεῖνον τὸν οἶκον. καὶ οὕτως ἐστὶν ὑβριστής, ὥστε γενομένου αὐτῷ υἱέος τοῦ μὲν εἰσαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Ἁγνίου υἱὸν τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ ἐπελάθετο, καὶ ταῦτα ἔχων τὸν κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου καὶ φάσκων πρὸς ἀνδρῶν αὐτῷ προσήκειν·
78. This son who was born to him Macartatus has introduced by his mother’s descent into the Prospaltians, and has suffered the family of Hagnias to become extinct, so far as this boy is concerned; but he alleges that his own father Theopompus was related to Hagnias. Yet the law of Solon ordains that males and the sons of males shall have precedence; but the defendant has thus lightly shown contempt both for Hagnias and for the laws, and has had his son introduced into the family of his mother. How could there be people more scornful of law or more arbitrary than these?
78. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν υἱὸν τὸν γενόμενον τῷ Μακαρτάτῳ εἰσπεποίηκεν τῷ πρὸς μητρὸς εἰς τοὺς Προσπαλτίους, τὸν δὲ Ἁγνίου οἶκον εἴακεν ἔρημον εἶναι τὸ τούτου μέρος· φησὶ δὲ τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Θεόπομπον προσήκειν Ἁγνίᾳ. ὁ δὲ νόμος κελεύει ὁ τοῦ Σόλωνος κρατεῖν τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀρρένων· οὗτος δὲ οὑτωσὶ ῥᾳδίως κατεφρόνησεν καὶ τῶν νόμων καὶ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ εἰσεποίησεν τὸν υἱὸν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν πρὸς μητρός. πῶς ἂν γένοιντο τούτων ἄνθρωποι παρανομώτεροι ἢ βιαιότεροι;
79. Now this is not the only thing, men of the jury. There is a place of burial common to all those descended from Buselus (it is called the burial-place of the Buselidae, a large area, enclosed, after the manner of the men of old). In this burial-place lie all the other descendants of Buselus and Hagnias and Eubulides and Polemon, and all the rest of the host of those descended from Buselus, all these hold in common this place of burial.
79. οὐ τοίνυν ταῦτα μόνον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλὰ καὶ μνήματος ὄντος κοινοῦ ἅπασιν τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου γενομένοις (καὶ καλεῖται τὸ μνῆμα Βουσελιδῶν, πολὺς τόπος περιβεβλημένος, ὥσπερ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι ἐνόμιζον), ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μνήματι οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἅπαντες οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου κεῖνται, καὶ ὁ Ἁγνίας καὶ ὁ Εὐβουλίδης καὶ ὁ Πολέμων καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες τοσοῦτοι ὄντες συγγενεῖς, οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουσέλου, ἅπαντες οὗτοι κοινωνοῦσιν τοῦ μνήματος τούτου·
80. But the father of the defendant Macartatus and the grandfather have no share in it, but they made for themselves a tomb apart, at a distance from that of the Buselidae. Do they appear to you, men of the jury, to belong in any sense to the house of Hagnias, except that they have seized and hold what does not belong to them? Whether the house of Hagnias and of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, is to become extinct and have no name, has never in the least degree been an object of concern to them.
80. ὁ δὲ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου καὶ ὁ πάππος οὐ κεκοινωνήκασιν τούτου, ἀλλʼ αὑτοῖς ἰδίᾳ ἐποιήσαντο μνῆμα ἄπωθεν τοῦ Βουσελιδῶν μνήματος. δοκοῦσιν ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκειν τι τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, πλὴν τοῦ ἔχειν ἁρπάσαντες τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα; εἰ δʼ ἐξερημωθήσεται ἢ ἀνώνυμος ἔσται ὁ οἶκος ὁ Ἁγνίου καὶ ὁ Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, οὐδὲ κατὰ τοὐλάχιστον πώποτʼ αὐτοῖς ἐμέλησεν.
81. I for my part, men of the jury, am defending to the full extent of my power the interest of those dead relatives, but it is not an easy task to contend against the intrigues of these men. I therefore deliver over to you this boy to be the object of your care in whatever way you may deem most just. He has been adopted into the house of Eubulides, and has been introduced to the clansmen, not mine, but those of Eubulides and Hagnias and the defendant, Macartatus.
81. ἐγὼ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βοηθῶ μὲν ὡς οἷός τʼ εἰμὶ μάλιστα τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν ἐκείνοις· οὐ πάνυ δʼ ἐστὶ ῥᾴδιον ταῖς τούτων παρασκευαῖς ἀνταγωνίζεσθαι. παραδίδωμι οὖν ὑμῖν τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐπιμεληθῆναι, ὅπως ὑμῖν δοκεῖ δικαιότατον εἶναι. οὗτος εἰσπεποίηται εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Εὐβουλίδου, καὶ εἰσῆκται εἰς τοὺς φράτερας, οὐκ εἰς τοὺς ἐμούς, ἀλλʼ εἰς τοὺς Εὐβουλίδου καὶ Ἁγνίου καὶ Μακαρτάτου τουτουί.
82. And when he was being introduced, the rest of the clansmen cast their votes secretly, but the defendant Macartatus by an open vote declared that this boy was being rightly introduced as a son to Eubulides; for he did not wish to lay his hand upon the victim or to remove it from the altar, and thus make himself responsible; nay, he even received his portion of the flesh from the hand of this boy, and took it away with him, as did the rest of the clansmen.
82. καὶ ὅτε εἰσήγετο, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι φράτερες κρύβδην ἔφερον τὴν ψῆφον, οὑτοσὶ δὲ Μακάρτατος φανερᾷ τῇ ψήφῳ ἐψηφίσατο ὀρθῶς εἰσάγεσθαι Εὐβουλίδῃ υἱὸν τὸν παῖδα τουτονί, οὐκ ἐθελήσας ἅψασθαι τοῦ ἱερείου οὐδὲ ἀπαγαγεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ ὑπεύθυνον αὑτὸν ποιήσας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μερίδα τῶν κρεῶν ᾤχετο λαβὼν παρὰ τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί, ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι φράτερες.
83. Consider, men of the jury, that this boy is set before you as though he were the suppliant’s wand, on behalf of the deceased Hagnias and Eubulides and the other descendants of Hagnias, and that they supplicate you jurymen not to allow their house to be brought to extinction by these loathsome monsters, who are of the house of Stratius, and never belonged to that of Hagnias. Do not suffer them to keep what is not their own, but compel them to give it back into the house of Hagnias for those who are his relatives.
83. νομίζετε δὴ τὸν παῖδα τοῦτον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἱκετηρίαν ὑμῖν προκεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν τετελευτηκότων Ἁγνίου καὶ Εὐβουλίδου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ ἱκετεύειν αὐτοὺς ὑμᾶς τοὺς δικαστάς, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθήσεται αὐτῶν ὁ οἶκος ὑπὸ τῶν μιαρῶν τούτων θηρίων, οἵ εἰσιν ἐκ τοῦ Στρατίου οἴκου, ἐν δὲ τῷ Ἁγνίου οὐδεπώποτʼ ἐγένοντο· μηδʼ ἐπιτρέψητε τούτοις ἔχειν τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα, ἀλλʼ ἀποδοῦναι ἀναγκάσατε εἰς τὸν Ἁγνίου οἶκον τοῖς προσήκουσιν τοῖς Ἁγνίου.
84. I verily am defending the interests of those relatives who are dead, and the laws established to protect them, and I beg of you also, men of the jury, I beseech you, I implore you, do not shut your eyes to the outrage done to this boy by the defendants, nor suffer his ancestors to be treated with even greater indignity than before, as will be the case, if these men accomplish what they desire. No; rally to the defence of the laws, and take thought for the dead, that their house be not brought to extinction. By doing this you will render a verdict which is just and consonant with your oaths, and in the interest of your own selves.
84. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐκείνοις τε βοηθῶ τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν καὶ τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς περὶ τούτων κειμένοις, δέομαι δὲ καὶ ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἱκετεύω καὶ ἀντιβολῶ, μὴ περιίδητε μήτε τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ ὑβρισθέντα ὑπὸ τούτων, μήτε τοὺς προγόνους τοὺς τούτου ἔτι μᾶλλον καταφρονουμένους ἢ νῦν καταπεφρόνηνται, ἐὰν διαπράξωνται οὗτοι ἃ βούλονται· ἀλλὰ τοῖς τε νόμοις βοηθεῖτε καὶ τῶν τετελευτηκότων ἐπιμελεῖσθε, ὅπως μὴ ἐξερημωθῇ αὐτῶν ὁ οἶκος. καὶ ταῦτα ποιοῦντες τά τε δίκαια ψηφιεῖσθε καὶ τὰ εὔορκα καὶ τὰ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς συμφέροντα.