46. Indeed he went to such extreme lengths that even if a slave was assaulted, he granted him the same right of bringing a public action. He thought that he ought to look, not at the rank of the sufferer, but at the nature of the act, and when he found the act unjustifiable, he would not give it his sanction either in regard to a slave or in any other case. For nothing, men of Athens, nothing in the world is more intolerable than a personal outrage, nor is there anything that more deserves your resentment. Read me the actual law with regard to it. There is nothing like hearing the law’s own words. The Law “If anyone assaults any child or woman or man, whether free or slave, or commits any unlawful act against anyone of these, any Athenian citizen who desires so to do, being qualified, may indict him before the Judges; and the Judges shall bring the case before the Heliastic Court within thirty days from the date of the indictment, unless some public business prevents, in which case it shall be brought on the earliest possible date.
46. καὶ τοσαύτῃ γʼ ἐχρήσαθʼ ὑπερβολῇ, ὥστε κἂν εἰς δοῦλον ὑβρίζῃ τις, ὁμοίως ἔδωκεν ὑπὲρ τούτου γραφήν. οὐ γὰρ ὅστις ὁ πάσχων ᾤετο δεῖν σκοπεῖν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ὁποῖόν τι τὸ γιγνόμενον· ἐπειδὴ δʼ εὗρεν οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον, μήτε πρὸς δοῦλον μήθʼ ὅλως ἐξεῖναι πράττειν ἐπέτρεψεν. οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν πάντων οὐδὲν ὕβρεως ἀφορητότερον, οὐδʼ ἐφʼ ὅτῳ μᾶλλον ὑμῖν ὀργίζεσθαι προσήκει. ἀνάγνωθι δʼ αὐτόν μοι λαβὼν τὸν τῆς ὕβρεως νόμον· οὐδὲν γὰρ οἷον ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου. ΝΟΜΟΣ ἐάν τις ὑβρίζῃ εἴς τινα, ἢ παῖδα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄνδρα, τῶν ἐλευθέρων ἢ τῶν δούλων, ἢ παράνομόν τι ποιήσῃ εἰς τούτων τινά, γραφέσθω πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας ὁ βουλόμενος Ἀθηναίων οἷς ἔξεστιν, οἱ δὲ θεσμοθέται εἰσαγόντων εἰς τὴν ἡλιαίαν τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν γραφῇ, ἐὰν μή τι δημόσιον κωλύῃ, εἰ δὲ μή, ὅταν ᾖ πρῶτον οἷόν τε.
47. Whomsoever the Court shall condemn, it shall at once assess the punishment or the fine which he is considered to deserve. In all cases where an indictment is entered, as the law directs, if anyone fails to prosecute, or after prosecution fails to obtain one fifth of the votes of the jury, he shall pay a thousand drachmas to the Treasury. If he is fined for the assault, he shall be imprisoned until the fine is paid, provided that the offence was committed against a freeman.”
47. ὅτου δʼ ἂν καταγνῷ ἡ ἡλιαία, τιμάτω περὶ αὐτοῦ παραχρῆμα, ὅτου ἂν δοκῇ ἄξιος εἶναι παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι. ὅσοι δʼ ἂν γράφωνται γραφὰς ἰδίας κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ἐάν τις μὴ ἐπεξέλθῃ ἢ ἐπεξιὼν μὴ μεταλάβῃ τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων, ἀποτεισάτω χιλίας δραχμὰς τῷ δημοσίῳ. ἐὰν δὲ ἀργυρίου τιμηθῇ τῆς ὕβρεως, δεδέσθω, ἐὰν ἐλεύθερον ὑβρίσῃ, μέχρι ἂν ἐκτείσῃ.
48. Athenians, you hear the humanity of the law, which does not permit even slaves to be assaulted. In heaven’s name, think what this means. Suppose someone carried this law to the barbarous nations from whom we import our slaves; suppose he praised you and described your city to them in these words: “There are in Greece men so mild and humane in disposition that though they have often been wronged by you, and though they have inherited a natural hostility towards you, yet they permit no insult to be offered even to the men whom they have bought for a price and keep as their slaves. Nay, they have publicly established this law forbidding such insult, and they have already punished many of the transgressors with death.”
48. ἀκούετʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦ νόμου τῆς φιλανθρωπίας, ὃς οὐδὲ τοὺς δούλους ὑβρίζεσθαι ἀξιοῖ. τί οὖν πρὸς θεῶν; εἴ τις εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐνεγκὼν τὸν νόμον τοῦτον, παρʼ ὧν τὰ ἀνδράποδʼ εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας κομίζεται, ἐπαινῶν ὑμᾶς καὶ διεξιὼν περὶ τῆς πόλεως εἴποι πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὅτι εἰσὶν Ἕλληνές τινες ἄνθρωποι οὕτως ἥμεροι καὶ φιλάνθρωποι τοὺς τρόπους ὥστε πόλλʼ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν ἠδικημένοι, καὶ φύσει τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔχθρας αὐτοῖς ὑπαρχούσης πατρικῆς, ὅμως οὐδʼ ὅσων ἂν τιμὴν καταθέντες δούλους κτήσωνται, οὐδὲ τούτους ὑβρίζειν ἀξιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ νόμον δημοσίᾳ τὸν ταῦτα κωλύσοντα τέθεινται τουτονὶ καὶ πολλοὺς ἤδη παραβάντας τὸν νόμον τοῦτον ἐζημιώκασιν θανάτῳ,
50. If the barbarians heard these words and understood their import, do you not think that they would unanimously appoint you their protectors? As regards this law then, which is so well esteemed among the Greeks and would be well esteemed among the barbarians also, consider what penalty he who transgresses it will have to pay before he has paid his deserts.
50. εἰ ταῦτʼ ἀκούσειαν καὶ συνεῖεν οἱ βάρβαροι, οὐκ ἂν οἴεσθε δημοσίᾳ πάντας ὑμᾶς προξένους αὑτῶν ποιήσασθαι; τὸν τοίνυν οὐ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν μόνον εὐδοκιμοῦντα νόμον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς βαρβάροις εὖ δόξαντʼ ἂν ἔχειν, σκοπεῖσθʼ ὁ παραβὰς ἥντινα δοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν ἔσται δεδωκώς.
51. Now if I had not been chorus-master, men of Athens, when I was thus maltreated by Meidias, it is only the personal insult that one would have condemned; but under the circumstances I think one would be justified in condemning also the impiety of the act. You surely realize that all your choruses and hymns to the god are sanctioned, not only by the regulations of the Dionysia, but also by the oracles, in all of which, whether given at Delphi or at Dodona, you will find a solemn injunction to the State to set up dances after the ancestral custom, to fill the streets with the savour of sacrifice, and to wear garlands.
51. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μὴ χορηγὸς ὢν ταῦτʼ ἐπεπόνθειν ὑπὸ Μειδίου, ὕβριν ἄν τις μόνον κατέγνω τῶν πεπραγμένων αὐτῷ· νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κἂν ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν. ἴστε γὰρ δήπου τοῦθʼ ὅτι τοὺς χοροὺς ὑμεῖς ἅπαντας τούτους καὶ τοὺς ὕμνους τῷ θεῷ ποιεῖτε, οὐ μόνον κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τοὺς περὶ τῶν Διονυσίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὰς μαντείας, ἐν αἷς ἁπάσαις ἀνῃρημένον εὑρήσετε τῇ πόλει, ὁμοίως ἐκ Δελφῶν καὶ ἐκ Δωδώνης, χοροὺς ἱστάναι κατὰ τὰ πάτρια καὶ κνισᾶν ἀγυιὰς καὶ στεφανηφορεῖν.
52. Please take and read the actual oracles. The Oracles You I address, Pandion’s townsmen and sons of Erechtheus,who appoint your feasts by the ancient rites of your fathers.See you forget not Bacchus, and joining all in the dancesDown your broad-spaced streets, in thanks for the gifts of the season,Crown each head with a wreath, while incense reeks on the altars. For health sacrifice and pray to Zeus Most High, to Heracles, and to Apollo the Protector; for good fortune to Apollo, god of the streets, to Leto, and to Artemis; and along the streets set wine-bowls and dances, and wear garlands after the manner of your fathers in honor of all gods and all goddesses of Olympus, raising right hands and left in supplication, and remember your gifts.
52. ἀνάγνωθι δέ μοι λαβὼν αὐτὰς τὰς μαντείας. ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ αὐδῶ Ἐρεχθείδῃσιν, ὅσοι Πανδίονος ἄστυναίετε καὶ πατρίοισι νόμοις ἰθύνεθʼ ἑορτάς,μεμνῆσθαι Βάκχοιο, καὶ εὐρυχόρους κατʼ ἀγυιὰςἱστάναι ὡραίων Βρομίῳ χάριν ἄμμιγα πάντας,καὶ κνισᾶν βωμοῖσι κάρη στεφάνοις πυκάσαντας. περὶ ὑγιείας θύειν καὶ εὔχεσθαι Διὶ ὑπάτῳ, Ἡρακλεῖ, Ἀπόλλωνι προστατηρίῳ· περὶ τύχας ἀγαθᾶς Ἀπόλλωνι ἀγυιεῖ, Λατοῖ, Ἀρτέμιδι, καὶ κατʼ ἀγυιὰς κρατῆρας ἱστάμεν καὶ χοροὺς καὶ στεφαναφορεῖν καττὰ πάτρια θεοῖς Ὀλυμπίοις πάντεσσι καὶ πάσαις, ἰδίας δεξιὰς καὶ ἀριστερὰς ἀνίσχοντας, καὶ μνασιδωρεῖν. ΕΚ ΔΩΔΩΝΗΣ ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑΙ τῷ δήμῳ τῷ Ἀθηναίων ὁ τοῦ Διὸς σημαίνει.
53. Oracles from Dodona To the people of the Athenians the prophet of Zeus announces. Whereas ye have let pass the seasons of the sacrifice and of the sacred embassy, he bids you send nine chosen envoys, and that right soon. To Zeus of the Ship sacrifice three oxen and with each ox three sheep; to Dione one ox and a brazen table for the offering which the people of the Athenians have offered. The prophet of Zeus in Dodona announces. To Dionysus pay public sacrifices and mix a bowl of wine and set up dances; to Apollo the Averter sacrifice an ox and wear garlands, both free men and slaves, and observe one day of rest; to Zeus, the giver of wealth, a white bull.
53. ὅτι τὰς ὥρας παρηνέγκατε τῆς θυσίας καὶ τῆς θεωρίας, αἱρετοὺς πέμπειν κελεύει θεωροὺς ἕνεκα τούτου διὰ ταχέων, ⟨καὶ⟩ τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ναΐῳ τρεῖς βοῦς καὶ πρὸς ἑκάστῳ βοῒ δύο οἶς, τῇ Διώνῃ βοῦν καλλιερεῖν, καὶ τράπεζαν χαλκῆν [καὶ] πρὸς τὸ ἀνάθημα ὃ ἀνέθηκεν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων. ὁ τοῦ Διὸς σημαίνει ἐν Δωδώνῃ, Διονύσῳ δημοτελῆ ἱερὰ τελεῖν καὶ κρατῆρα κεράσαι καὶ χοροὺς ἱστάναι, Ἀπόλλωνι ἀποτροπαίῳ βοῦν θῦσαι, καὶ στεφανηφορεῖν ἐλευθέρους καὶ δούλους, καὶ ἐλινύειν μίαν ἡμέραν. Διὶ κτησίῳ βοῦν λευκόν.
54. Besides these oracles, men of Athens, there are many others addressed to our city, and excellent oracles they are. Now what conclusion ought you to draw from them? That while they prescribe the sacrifices to the gods indicated in each oracle, to every oracle that is published they add the injunction to set up dances and to wear garlands after the manner of our ancestors.
54. εἰσίν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ αὗται καὶ ἄλλαι πολλαὶ μαντεῖαι τῇ πόλει κἀγαθαί. τί οὖν ἐκ τούτων ὑμᾶς ἐνθυμεῖσθαι δεῖ; ὅτι τὰς μὲν ἄλλας θυσίας τοῖς ἐφʼ ἑκάστης μαντείας προφαινομένοις θεοῖς προστάττουσι θύειν, ἱστάναι δὲ χοροὺς καὶ στεφανηφορεῖν κατὰ τὰ πάτρια πρὸς ἁπάσαις ταῖς ἀφικνουμέναις μαντείαις προσαναιροῦσιν ὑμῖν.
55. Therefore in the case of all the choruses that are constituted, together with their chorus-masters, during the days on which we meet in competition, these oracles make it clear that we wear our crowns as your representatives, the winner as well as the one destined to be last of all; it is not until the day of the prize-giving that the victor receives his own special crown. If, then, a man commits a malicious assault on any member or master of these choruses, especially during the actual contest in the sacred precinct of the god, can we deny that he is guilty of impiety?
55. οἱ τοίνυν χοροὶ πάντες οἱ γιγνόμενοι καὶ οἱ χορηγοὶ δῆλον ὅτι τὰς μὲν ἡμέρας ἐκείνας ἃς συνερχόμεθʼ ἐπὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα, κατὰ τὰς μαντείας ταύτας ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐστεφανώμεθα, ὁμοίως ὅ τε μέλλων νικᾶν καὶ ὁ πάντων ὕστατος γενήσεσθαι, τῇ δὲ τῶν ἐπινικίων ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ τότʼ ἤδη στεφανοῦται ὁ νικῶν. τὸν οὖν εἴς τινα τούτων τῶν χορευτῶν ἢ τῶν χορηγῶν ὑβρίζοντʼ ἐπʼ ἔχθρᾳ, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἀγῶνι καὶ ἐν τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ ἱερῷ, τοῦτον ἄλλο τι πλὴν ἀσεβεῖν φήσομεν;
56. Moreover, you are aware that, although anxious to exclude aliens from the contest, you do not grant unlimited right to any chorus-master to summon for scrutiny any member of a chorus; if he summons him, he is fined fifty drachmas, and a thousand drachmas if he orders him to sit among the spectators. What is the object? To protect the crowned official, who is doing public service to the god, from being maliciously summoned or annoyed or insulted on that day.
56. καὶ μὴν ἴστε γε τοῦθʼ ὅτι βουλόμενοι μηδένʼ ἀγωνίζεσθαι ξένον οὐκ ἐδώκαθʼ ἁπλῶς τῶν χορηγῶν οὐδενὶ προσκαλέσαντι τοὺς χορευτὰς σκοπεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἐὰν μὲν καλέσῃ, πεντήκοντα δραχμάς, ἐὰν δὲ καθέζεσθαι καθέζεσθαι κελεύσῃ, χιλίας ἀποτίνειν ἐτάξατε. τίνος εἵνεκα; ὅπως μὴ τὸν ἐστεφανωμένον καὶ λῃτουργοῦντα τῷ θεῷ ταύτην τὴν ἡμέραν καλῇ μηδʼ ἐπηρεάζῃ μηδʼ ὑβρίζῃ μηδεὶς ἐξεπίτηδες.
57. So even the man who in due course of law summons a member of a chorus will not escape a fine. And shall not he be punished who in contempt of all the laws thus publicly strikes the master of a chorus? Surely it is useless for your laws to be thus well and humanely framed for the protection of the humbler citizen, if those who disobey and flout them are not to incur the resentment of you who are, for the time being, entrusted with their administration.
57. εἶτα τὸν μὲν χορευτὴν οὐδʼ ὁ προσκαλέσας κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀζήμιος ἔσται, τὸν δὲ χορηγὸν οὐδʼ ὁ συγκόψας παρὰ πάντας τοὺς νόμους οὕτω φανερῶς δώσει δίκην; ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδέν ἐστʼ ὄφελος καλῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως τοὺς νόμους ὑπὲρ τῶν πολλῶν κεῖσθαι, εἰ τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσι καὶ βιαζομένοις αὐτοὺς ἡ παρʼ ὑμῶν ὀργὴ τῶν ἀεὶ κυρίων μὴ γενήσεται.
58. And now I solemnly call your attention to another point. I shall beg you not to be offended if I mention by name some persons who have fallen into misfortune; for I swear to you that in doing so I have no intention of casting reproach upon any man; I only want to show you how carefully all the rest of you avoid anything like violent or insulting behavior. There is, for instance, Sannio, the trainer of the tragic choruses, who was convicted of shirking military service and so found himself in trouble.
58. φέρε δὴ πρὸς θεῶν κἀκεῖνο σκέψασθε. παραιτήσομαι δʼ ὑμᾶς μηδὲν ἀχθεσθῆναί μοι, ἐὰν ἐπὶ συμφορᾶς τινῶν γεγονότων ὀνομαστὶ μνησθῶ· οὐ γὰρ ὀνειδίσαι μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς οὐδενὶ δυσχερὲς οὐδὲν βουλόμενος τοῦτο ποιήσω, ἀλλὰ δεῖξαι τὸ βιάζεσθαι καὶ ὑβρίζειν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν ὡς ἅπαντες ὑμεῖς οἱ ἄλλοι φεύγετε. Σαννίων ἐστὶ δήπου τις ὁ τοὺς τραγικοὺς χοροὺς διδάσκων· οὗτος ἀστρατείας ἑάλω καὶ κέχρηται συμφορᾷ.
59. After that misfortune he was hired by a chorus-master—Theozotides, if I am not mistaken—who was keen to win a victory in the tragedies. Well, at first the rival masters were indignant and threatened to debar him, but when they saw that the theater was full and the crowd assembled for the contest, they hesitated, they gave way, and no one laid a finger on him. One can see that the forbearance which piety inspires in every one of you is such that Sannio has been training choruses ever since, not hindered even by his private enemies, much less by any of the chorus-masters.
59. τοῦτον μετὰ τὴν ἀτυχίαν ταύτην ἐμισθώσατό τις φιλονικῶν χορηγὸς τραγῳδῶν, οἶμαι, Θεοζοτίδης. τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ἠγανάκτουν οἱ ἀντιχορηγοὶ καὶ κωλύσειν ἔφασαν, ὡς δʼ ἐπληρώθη τὸ θέατρον καὶ τὸν ὄχλον συνειλεγμένον εἶδον ἐπὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα, ὤκνησαν, εἴασαν, οὐδεὶς ἥψατο, ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐν ἑκάστῳ τις ἂν ὑμῶν ἴδοι τὸ συγκεχωρηκὸς ὥστε πάντα τὸν μετὰ ταῦτα χρόνον διδάσκει τοὺς χοροὺς καὶ οὐδὲ τῶν ἰδίων ἐχθρῶν οὐδεὶς κωλύει· τοσοῦτʼ ἀπέχει τῶν χορηγῶν.
60. Then again there is Aristeides of the tribe of Oeneis, who has had a similar misfortune. He is now an old man and perhaps less useful in a chorus, but he was once chorus-leader for his tribe. You know, of course, that if the leader is withdrawn, the rest of the chorus is done for. But in spite of the keen rivalry of many of the chorus-masters, not one of them looked at the possible advantage or ventured to remove him or prevent him from performing. Since this involved laying hands on him, and since he could not be cited before the Archon as if he were an alien whom it was desired to eject, every man shrank from being seen as the personal author of such an outrage.
60. ἄλλος ἐστὶν Ἀριστείδης Οἰνῇδος φυλῆς, ἠτυχηκώς τι καὶ οὗτος τοιοῦτον, ὃς νῦν μὲν καὶ γέρων ἐστὶν ἤδη καὶ ἴσως ἥττων χορευτής, ἦν δέ ποθʼ ἡγεμὼν τῆς φυλῆς [κορυφαῖος]. ἴστε δὲ δήπου τοῦθʼ ὅτι τὸν ἡγεμόνʼ ἂν ἀφέλῃ τις, οἴχεται ὁ λοιπὸς χορός. ἀλλʼ ὅμως πολλῶν χορηγῶν φιλονικησάντων, οὐδεὶς πώποτε τοῦτʼ εἶδε τὸ πλεονέκτημα, οὐδʼ ἐτόλμησε τοῦτον ἐξαγαγεῖν οὐδὲ κωλῦσαι· διὰ γὰρ τὸ δεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπιλαβόμενον τῇ χειρὶ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι καὶ μὴ προσκαλέσασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντʼ ἐξεῖναι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ ξένον τις ἐξαγαγεῖν ἐβούλετο, ἅπας τις ὤκνει τῆς ἀσελγείας ταύτης αὐτόχειρ ὀφθῆναι γιγνόμενος.
61. Then is not this, gentlemen of the jury, a shocking and intolerable position? On the one hand, chorus-masters, who think that such a course might bring them victory and who have in many cases spent all their substance on their public services, have never dared to lay hands even on one whom the law permits them to touch, but show such caution, such piety, such moderation that, in spite of their expenditure and their eager competition, they restrain themselves and respect your wishes and your zeal for the festival. Meidias, on the other hand, a private individual who has been put to no expense, just because he has fallen foul of a man whom he hates—a man, remember, who is spending his money as chorus-master and who has full rights of citizenship—insults him and strikes him and cares nothing for the festival, for the laws, for your opinion, or for the god’s honor.
61. οὔκουν δεινόν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ σχέτλιον τῶν μὲν νικᾶν ἂν παρὰ τοῦτʼ οἰομένων χορηγῶν, τῶν ἀνηλωκότων πολλάκις πάντα τὰ ὄντʼ εἰς τὰς λῃτουργίας, μηδένα τολμῆσαι πώποτε μηδʼ ὧν οἱ νόμοι διδόασιν ἅψασθαι, ἀλλʼ οὕτως εὐλαβῶς, οὕτως εὐσεβῶς, οὕτω μετρίως διακεῖσθαι ὥστʼ ἀναλίσκοντας, ἀγωνιῶντας ὅμως ἀπέχεσθαι καὶ προορᾶσθαι τὰς ὑμετέρας βουλήσεις καὶ τὴν περὶ τὴν ἑορτὴν σπουδήν, Μειδίαν δʼ ἰδιώτην ὄντα, μηδὲν ἀνηλωκότα, ὅτι τῳ προσέκρουσεν καὶ ἐχθρὸς ὑπῆρχεν, τοῦτον ἀναλίσκοντα, χορηγοῦντα, ἐπίτιμον ὄντα προπηλακίζειν καὶ τύπτειν, καὶ μήτε τῆς ἑορτῆς μήτε τῶν νόμων μήτε τί ὑμεῖς ἐρεῖτε μήτε τοῦ θεοῦ φροντίζειν;
62. Now although men have quarrelled often enough, whether on private or on public grounds, no one has ever been so lost to shame as to venture on such conduct as this. Yet it is said that the famous Iphicrates once had a serious quarrel with Diocles of the Pitthean deme, and, to make matters worse, Iphicrates’ brother Teisias happened to be a chorus-master in competition with Diocles. Iphicrates was a wealthy man with many friends and had a high opinion of himself, as a man would naturally have who had earned so many honors and distinctions at your hands;
62. πολλῶν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, γεγενημένων ἐχθρῶν ἀλλήλοις, οὐ μόνον ἐξ ἰδίων ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ κοινῶν πραγμάτων, οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ εἰς τοσοῦτʼ ἀναιδείας ἀφίκεθʼ ὥστε τοιοῦτόν τι τολμῆσαι ποιεῖν. καίτοι φασὶν Ἰφικράτην ποτʼ ἐκεῖνον Διοκλεῖ τῷ Πιθεῖ τὰ μάλιστʼ ἐλθεῖν εἰς ἔχθραν, καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτῳ συμβῆναι Τεισίαν τὸν Ἰφικράτους ἀδελφὸν ἀντιχορηγῆσαι τῷ Διοκλεῖ. ἀλλʼ ὅμως πολλοὺς μὲν ἔχων φίλους Ἰφικράτης, πολλὰ δὲ χρήματα κεκτημένος, φρονῶν δʼ ἐφʼ αὑτῷ τηλικοῦτον ἡλίκον εἰκὸς ἄνδρα καὶ δόξης καὶ τιμῶν τετυχηκόθʼ ὧν ἐκεῖνος ἠξίωτο παρʼ ὑμῶν, οὐκ ἐβάδιζʼ ἐπὶ τὰς τῶν χρυσοχόων οἰκίας νύκτωρ, οὐδὲ κατερρήγνυεν τὰ παρασκευαζόμενʼ ἱμάτιʼ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, οὐδὲ διέφθειρε διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ χορὸν μανθάνειν ἐκώλυεν, οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὐδὲν ὧν οὗτος διεπράττετʼ ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ τοῖς νόμοις καὶ τῇ τῶν ἄλλων βουλήσει συγχωρῶν ἠνείχετο καὶ νικῶντα καὶ στεφανούμενον τὸν ἐχθρὸν ὁρῶν, εἰκότως·
63. but Iphicrates never went under cover of night to the goldsmiths’ shops, he never ripped up the costumes intended for the festival, he never bribed the instructor and hindered the training of the chorus, he never played any of the tricks that Meidias repeatedly practised. No, he submitted to the laws and to the wishes of his fellow-citizens, and patiently witnessed the victory and the crowning of his enemy. And he was right; for he felt that such submission was due to the constitution under which he himself had enjoyed such prosperity. Take another instance. We all know that Philostratus of Colonus was one of the accusers when Chabrias was tried for his life on charges relating to Oropus, and that he showed himself the bitterest of them all, and that afterwards he won the prize at the Dionysia with a chorus of boys. Yet Chabrias neither struck him nor snatched the crown off his head nor in any way intruded where he had no right.
63. ἐν ᾗ γὰρ αὐτὸς εὐδαίμων ᾔδει γεγονὼς πολιτείᾳ, ταύτῃ συγχωρεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτʼ ἠξίου. πάλιν Φιλόστρατον πάντες ἴσμεν τὸν Κολωνῆθεν Χαβρίου κατηγοροῦντα, ὅτʼ ἐκρίνετο τὴν περὶ Ὠρωποῦ κρίσιν θανάτου, καὶ πάντων τῶν κατηγόρων πικρότατον γενόμενον, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα χορηγοῦντα παισὶν Διονύσια καὶ νικῶντα, καὶ Χαβρίαν οὔτε τύπτοντα οὔτʼ ἀφαρπάζοντα τὸν στέφανον οὔθʼ ὅλως προσιόνθʼ ὅποι μὴ προσῆκεν αὐτῷ.
65. I could mention many others who on various grounds have quarrelled with their neighbors, but I have never seen or heard of anyone who carried his insolence so far as to behave like this. And I am quite sure that no one here can recall any case where a man, involved in a public or private dispute, has taken his stand beside the umpires while they were being named, or dictated the oath when they were being sworn, or paraded his hostility on any such occasion.
65. πολλοὺς δʼ ἂν ἔχων εἰπεῖν ἔτι καὶ διὰ πολλὰς προφάσεις ἐχθροὺς γεγενημένους ἀλλήλοις, οὐδένα πώποτʼ οὔτʼ ἀκήκοα οὔθʼ ἑόρακα ὅστις εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐλήλυθεν ὕβρεως ὥστε τοιοῦτόν τι ποιεῖν. οὐδέ γʼ ἐκεῖνʼ οὐδεὶς ὑμῶν οἶδʼ ὅτι μνημονεύει πρότερον, τῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἢ καὶ τοῖς κοινοῖς ἐχθρῶν ἀλλήλοις οὐδένʼ οὔτε καλουμένων τῶν κριτῶν παρεστηκότα, οὔθʼ ὅταν ὀμνύωσιν ἐξορκοῦντα, οὔθʼ ὅλως ἐπʼ οὐδενὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἐχθρὸν ἐξεταζόμενον.
66. These and all similar acts, Athenians, are partly excusable in a chorus-master who is carried away by emulation; but to harass a man with one’s hostility, deliberately and on every occasion, and to boast one’s own power as superior to the laws, that, by Heaven! is cruel and unjust and contrary to your interests. For if each man when he becomes chorus-master could foresee this result: “If So-and-so is my enemy—Meidias for example or anyone else equally rich and unscrupulous—first I shall be robbed of my victory, even if I make a better show than any of my competitors next I shall be worsted at every point and exposed to repeated insults:” who is so irrational or such a poor creature that he would voluntarily consent to spend a single drachma?
66. ταῦτα γὰρ πάντα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, φιλονικίᾳ μὲν ὑπαχθέντα χορηγὸν ὄντα ποιεῖν ἔχει τινὰ συγγνώμην· ἔχθρᾳ δʼ ἐλαύνοντά τινα, ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ἐφʼ ἅπασι, καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν δύναμιν κρείττω τῶν νόμων οὖσαν ἐνδεικνύμενον, Ἡράκλεις, βαρὺ κοὐχὶ δίκαιόν ἐστιν οὐδὲ συμφέρον ὑμῖν. εἰ γὰρ ἑκάστῳ τῶν χορηγούντων τοῦτο πρόδηλον γένοιτο, ὅτι ἂν ὁ δεῖνʼ ἐχθρὸς ᾖ μοι, Μειδίας ἤ τις ἄλλος θρασὺς οὕτω καὶ πλούσιος, πρῶτον μὲν ἀφαιρεθήσομαι τὴν νίκην, κἂν ἄμεινον ἀγωνίσωμαί τινος, ἔπειτʼ ἐφʼ ἅπασιν ἐλαττωθήσομαι καὶ προπηλακιζόμενος διατελῶ, τίς οὕτως ἀλόγιστος ἢ τίς οὕτως ἄθλιός ἐστιν, ὅστις ἑκὼν ἂν μίαν δραχμὴν ἐθελήσειεν ἀναλῶσαι; οὐδεὶς δήπου.
67. I suppose what tends to make everyone public-spirited and liberal with his money is the reflection that under a democracy each man has his share of just and equal rights. Now I, men of Athens, was deprived of those rights through this man’s acts, and, quite apart from the insults I endured, I was robbed of my victory. Yet I shall prove to all of you beyond a doubt that Meidias, without committing any outrageous offence, without insulting or striking me, had it in his power both to cause me trouble and to display his public spirit to you in a legitimate way, so that I should not be able to open my lips against him.
67. ἀλλʼ, οἶμαι, τὸ πάντας ποιοῦν καὶ φιλοτιμεῖσθαι καὶ ἀναλίσκειν ἐθέλειν ἐκεῖνʼ ἐστίν, ὅτι τῶν ἴσων καὶ τῶν δικαίων ἕκαστος ἡγεῖται ἑαυτῷ μετεῖναι ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ. ἐγὼ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τούτων οὐκ ἔτυχον διὰ τοῦτον, ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ὧν ὑβρίσθην, καὶ τῆς νίκης προσαπεστερήθην. καίτοι πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ἐγὼ τοῦτο δείξω σαφῶς, ὅτι μηδὲν ἀσελγὲς ἐξῆν ποιοῦντι Μειδίᾳ μηδʼ ὑβρίζοντι μηδὲ τύπτοντι καὶ λυπεῖν ἐμὲ καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους αὐτῷ φιλοτιμεῖσθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ μηδὲ διᾶραι περὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ στόμʼ ἔχειν ἐμέ.
68. This is what he ought to have done, Athenians. When I offered myself to the Assembly as chorus-master for the tribe of Pandionis, he should have got up and offered himself as a rival master for his own tribe of Erechtheis he should have put himself on equal terms with me and spent his money as I was spending mine and tried in that way to wrest the victory from me; but not even as my rival should he have thus insulted and struck me.
68. ἐχρῆν γὰρ αὐτόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ τῆς Πανδιονίδος χορηγὸς ὑπέστην ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, τότε τῆς Ἐρεχθῇδος ἀναστάντα, τῆς ἑαυτοῦ φυλῆς, ἀνθυποστῆναι, καὶ καταστήσανθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἐξ ἴσου καὶ τὰ ὄντʼ ἀναλίσκονθʼ ὥσπερ ἐγώ, οὕτω μʼ ἀφαιρεῖσθαι τὴν νίκην, ὑβρίζειν δὲ τοιαῦτα καὶ τύπτειν μηδὲ τότε.
69. As it was, he did not adopt this course, by which he might have done honor to the people, nor did he work off his high spirits in this way. No; I was his target, I who in my madness, men of Athens,—for it may be madness to engage in something beyond one’s power perhaps in my ambition, volunteered for chorus-master. He harassed me with a persecution so undisguised and so brutal that neither the sacred costumes nor the chorus nor at last even my own person was safe from his hands.
69. νῦν δὲ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἐποίησεν, ἐν ᾧ τὸν δῆμον ἐτίμησεν ἄν, οὐδʼ ἐνεανιεύσατο τοιοῦτον οὐδέν· ἐμοὶ δʼ, ὃς εἴτε τις, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, βούλεται νομίσαι μανίαν (μανία γὰρ ἴσως ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ δύναμίν τι ποιεῖν), εἴτε καὶ φιλοτιμίᾳ χορηγὸς ὑπέστην, οὕτω φανερῶς καὶ μιαρῶς ἐπηρεάζων παρηκολούθησεν ὥστε μηδὲ τῶν ἱερῶν ἱματίων μηδὲ τοῦ χοροῦ μηδὲ τοῦ σώματος τὼ χεῖρε τελευτῶν ἀποσχέσθαι μου.
70. Now if there is anyone of you, Athenians, whose anger against Meidias falls short of a demand for his death, he is wrong. For it is neither just nor proper that the forbearance of the victim should contribute to the acquittal of a man who has put no check on his insolence. The latter you should punish as if the results of his conduct had been utterly irremediable; to the former you should show your goodwill by favouring his cause.
70. εἰ τοίνυν τις ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄλλως πως ἔχει τὴν ὀργὴν ἐπὶ Μειδίαν ἢ ὡς δέον αὐτὸν τεθνάναι, οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἔχει. οὐ γάρ ἐστι δίκαιον οὐδὲ προσῆκον τὴν τοῦ παθόντος εὐλάβειαν τῷ μηδὲν ὑποστειλαμένῳ πρὸς ὕβριν μερίδʼ εἰς σωτηρίαν ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν ὡς ἁπάντων τῶν ἀνηκέστων αἴτιον κολάζειν προσήκει, τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦ βοηθεῖν ἀποδιδόναι τὴν χάριν.
71. You cannot retort that such acts have never had any serious consequences, but that I am now exaggerating the incident and representing it as formidable. That is wide of the mark. But all, or at least many, know what Euthynus, the once famous wrestler, a youngster, did to Sophilus the prize-fighter. He was a dark, brawny fellow. I am sure some of you know the man I mean. He met him in Samos at a gathering—just a private pleasure-party-and because he imagined he was insulting him, took such summary vengeance that he actually killed him. It is a matter of common knowledge that Euaeon, the brother of Leodamas, killed Boeotus at a public banquet and entertainment in revenge for a single blow.
71. οὐδὲ γὰρ αὖ τοῦτʼ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὡς οὐ γεγενημένου πώποτʼ οὐδενὸς ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων δεινοῦ τῷ λόγῳ τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ἐγὼ νῦν αἴρω καὶ φοβερὸν ποιῶ. πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ. ἀλλʼ ἴσασιν ἅπαντες, εἰ δὲ μή, πολλοί γε, Εὔθυνον τὸν παλαίσαντά ποτʼ ἐκεῖνον, τὸν νεανίσκον, [καὶ] Σώφιλον τὸν παγκρατιαστήν (ἰσχυρός τις ἦν, μέλας, εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι γιγνώσκουσίν τινες ὑμῶν ὃν λέγω,) τοῦτον ἐν Σάμῳ ἐν συνουσίᾳ τινὶ καὶ διατριβῇ οὕτως ἰδίᾳ, ὅτι [ὁ τύπτων] αὐτὸν ὑβρίζειν ᾤετο, ἀμυνάμενον οὕτως ὥστε καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι. ἴσασιν Εὐαίωνα πολλοὶ τὸν Λεωδάμαντος ἀδελφόν, ἀποκτείναντα Βοιωτὸν ἐν δείπνῳ καὶ συνόδῳ κοινῇ διὰ πληγὴν μίαν.
72. For it was not the blow but the indignity that roused the anger. To be struck is not the serious thing for a free man, serious though it is, but to be struck in wanton insolence. Many things, Athenians, some of which the victim would find it difficult to put into words, may be done by the striker—by gesture, by look, by tone; when he strikes in wantonness or out of enmity; with the fist or on the cheek. These are the things that provoke men and make them beside themselves, if they are unused to insult. No description, men of Athens, can bring the outrage as vividly before the hearers as it appears in truth and reality to the victim and to the spectators.
72. οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργήν, ἀλλʼ ἡ ἀτιμία· οὐδὲ τὸ τύπτεσθαι τοῖς ἐλευθέροις ἐστὶ δεινόν, καίπερ ὂν δεινόν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐφʼ ὕβρει. πολλὰ γὰρ ἂν ποιήσειεν ὁ τύπτων, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὧν ὁ παθὼν ἔνιʼ οὐδʼ ἂν ἀπαγγεῖλαι δύναιθʼ ἑτέρῳ, τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ, ὅταν ὡς ὑβρίζων, ὅταν ὡς ἐχθρὸς ὑπάρχων, ὅταν κονδύλοις, ὅταν ἐπὶ κόρρης. ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτʼ ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν, ἀήθεις ὄντας τοῦ προπηλακίζεσθαι. οὐδεὶς ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ταῦτʼ ἀπαγγέλλων δύναιτο τὸ δεινὸν παραστῆσαι τοῖς ἀκούουσιν οὕτως ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος τῷ πάσχοντι καὶ τοῖς ὁρῶσιν ἐναργὴς ἡ ὕβρις φαίνεται.
73. In the name of all the gods, Athenians, I ask you to reflect and calculate in your own minds how much more reason I had to be angry when I suffered so at the hands of Meidias, than Euaeon when he killed Boeotus. Euaeon was struck by an acquaintance, who was drunk at the time, in the presence of six or seven witnesses, who were also acquaintances and might be depended upon to denounce the one for his offence and commend the other if he had patiently restrained his feelings after such an affront, especially as Euaeon had gone to sup at a house which he need never have entered at all.
73. σκέψασθε δὴ πρὸς Διὸς καὶ θεῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ λογίσασθε παρʼ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς, ὅσῳ πλείονʼ ὀργὴν ἐμοὶ προσῆκε παραστῆναι πάσχοντι τοιαῦθʼ ὑπὸ Μειδίου ἢ τότʼ ἐκείνῳ τῷ Εὐαίωνι τῷ τὸν Βοιωτὸν ἀποκτείναντι. ὁ μέν γʼ ὑπὸ γνωρίμου, καὶ τούτου μεθύοντος, ἐναντίον ἓξ ἢ ἕπτʼ ἀνθρώπων ἐπλήγη, καὶ τούτων γνωρίμων, οἳ τὸν μὲν κακιεῖν οἷς ἔπραξε, τὸν δʼ ἐπαινέσεσθαι μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἀνασχόμενον καὶ κατασχόνθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἔμελλον, καὶ ταῦτʼ εἰς οἰκίαν ἐλθὼν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, οἷ μηδὲ βαδίζειν ἐξῆν αὐτῷ·
74. But I was assaulted by a personal enemy early in the day, when he was sober, prompted by insolence, not by wine, in the presence of many foreigners as well as citizens, and above all in a temple which I was strictly obliged to enter by virtue of my office. And, Athenians, I consider that I was prudent, or rather happily inspired, when I submitted at the time and was not impelled to any irremediable action; though I fully sympathize with Euaeon and anyone else who, when provoked, takes the law into his own hands.
74. ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπʼ ἐχθροῦ, νήφοντος, ἕωθεν, ὕβρει καὶ οὐκ οἴνῳ τοῦτο ποιοῦντος, ἐναντίον πολλῶν καὶ ξένων καὶ πολιτῶν ὑβριζόμην, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐν ἱερῷ καὶ οἷ πολλή μοι ἦν ἀνάγκη βαδίζειν χορηγοῦντι. καὶ ἐμαυτὸν μέν γʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, σωφρόνως, μᾶλλον δʼ εὐτυχῶς οἶμαι βεβουλεῦσθαι, ἀνασχόμενον τότε καὶ οὐδὲν ἀνήκεστον ἐξαχθέντα πρᾶξαι· τῷ δʼ Εὐαίωνι καὶ πᾶσιν, εἴ τις αὑτῷ βεβοήθηκεν ἀτιμαζόμενος, πολλὴν συγγνώμην ἔχω.
75. My views were, I think, shared at that trial by many of the jury; for I am told that he was only condemned by a single vote, and yet he had no recourse to tears or supplications and made no effort, small or great, to win the favour of his judges. Let us assume, then, that the judges who condemned him did so, not because he retaliated, but because he did it in such a way as to kill the aggressor, while the judges who acquitted him allowed even this licence of revenge to a man who had suffered an outrage on his person.
75. δοκοῦσι δέ μοι καὶ τῶν δικασάντων τότε πολλοί· ἀκούω γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔγωγε μιᾷ μόνον ἁλῶναι ψήφῳ, καὶ ταῦτʼ οὔτε κλαύσαντʼ οὔτε δεηθέντα τῶν δικαστῶν οὐδενός, οὔτε φιλάνθρωπον οὔτε μικρὸν οὔτε μέγʼ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν πρὸς τοὺς δικαστὰς ποιήσαντα. θῶμεν τοίνυν οὑτωσί, τοὺς μὲν καταγνόντας αὐτοῦ μὴ ὅτι ἠμύνατο, διὰ τοῦτο καταψηφίσασθαι, ἀλλʼ ὅτι τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ὥστε καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι, τοὺς δʼ ἀπογνόντας καὶ ταύτην τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς τιμωρίας τῷ γε τὸ σῶμʼ ὑβρισμένῳ δεδωκέναι.
76. What follows? I who was so careful not to cause any irremediable mischief that I never retaliated—from whom am I to seek redress for my sufferings? I think it should be from you and from the laws. I think that you should set up a precedent for all to follow, that no one who wantonly assaults and outrages another should be punished by the victim himself in hot blood, but must be brought into your court, because it is you who confirm and uphold the protection granted by the laws to those who are injured.
76. τί οὖν; ἐμοὶ τῷ τοσαύτῃ κεχρημένῳ προνοίᾳ τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον γενέσθαι, ὥστε μηδʼ ἀμύνασθαι, παρὰ τοῦ τὴν τιμωρίαν ὧν πέπονθʼ ἀποδοθῆναι προσήκει; ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι παρʼ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων, καὶ παράδειγμά γε πᾶσι γενέσθαι τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὅτι τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ἅπαντας καὶ τοὺς ἀσελγεῖς οὐκ αὐτὸν ἀμύνεσθαι μετὰ τῆς ὀργῆς, ἀλλʼ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἄγειν δεῖ, ὡς βεβαιούντων ὑμῶν καὶ φυλαττόντων τὰς ἐν τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς παθοῦσι βοηθείας.
77. Now I expect, gentlemen of the jury, that some of you are anxious to hear about the quarrel between Meidias and myself; for you must suppose that no human being could treat a fellow-countryman with such violence and brutality, unless he had a long account to settle with him. Well, I am quite willing to give you a detailed account of this quarrel from its inception, so that you may understand that on this score too, as I shall prove, he owes me reparation. The narrative shall be brief, though I may seem to go a long way back for the start.
77. οἶμαι τοίνυν τινὰς ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ποθεῖν ἀκοῦσαι τὴν ἔχθραν, ἥτις ἦν ἡμῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους· νομίζειν γὰρ οὐδένʼ ἂν ἀνθρώπων οὕτως ἀσελγῶς καὶ βιαίως οὐδενὶ τῶν πολιτῶν χρήσασθαι, μὴ μεγάλου τινὸς ὄντος ὃ αὐτῷ προωφείλετο. βούλομαι δὴ καὶ περὶ ταύτης ὑμῖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἰπεῖν καὶ διηγήσασθαι, ἵνʼ εἰδῆθʼ ὅτι καὶ τούτων ὀφείλων δίκην φανήσεται. ἔσται δὲ βραχὺς περὶ αὐτῶν ὁ λόγος, κἂν ἄνωθεν ἄρχεσθαι δοκῶ.
78. When I brought my action against my guardians for the recovery of my patrimony, being a mere lad, neither acquainted with Meidias nor even aware of his existence—would that I were not acquainted with him now!—when my suit was due to come on in three or four days, Meidias and his brother suddenly burst into my house and challenged me to take over their trierarchy. It was the brother, Thrasylochus, who submitted his name and made the challenge; but the real author of all these proceedings was Meidias.
78. ἡνίκα τὰς δίκας ἔλαχον τῶν πατρῴων τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις, μειρακύλλιον ὢν κομιδῇ καὶ τοῦτον οὐδʼ εἰ γέγονʼ εἰδὼς οὐδὲ γιγνώσκων ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον, τότε μοι μελλουσῶν εἰσιέναι τῶν δικῶν εἰς ἡμέραν ὡσπερεὶ τετάρτην ἢ πέμπτην εἰσεπήδησαν ἁδελφὸς ὁ τούτου καὶ οὗτος εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ἀντιδιδόντες τριηραρχίαν. τοὔνομα μὲν δὴ παρέσχεν ἐκεῖνος, καὶ ἦν ὁ ἀντιδιδοὺς Θρασύλοχος· τὰ δʼ ἔργα πάντʼ ἦν καὶ τὰ πραττόμενα ὑπὸ τούτου.
79. And first they forced the doors of the apartments, assuming that these became their property by the terms of the challenge; next in the presence of my sister, who was a young girl still living at home, they used foul language such as only men of their stamp would use—nothing would induce me to repeat to you some of their expressions—and they uttered unrestrained abuse of my mother and myself and all my family. But, what was more shocking still, from words they proceeded to deeds, and they were going to drop the lawsuits, claiming them as their own, to oblige my guardians.
79. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν κατέσχισαν τὰς θύρας τῶν οἰκημάτων, ὡς αὐτῶν ἤδη γιγνομένας κατὰ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν· εἶτα τῆς ἀδελφῆς, ἔτʼ ἔνδον [οὔσης] τότε καὶ παιδὸς οὔσης κόρης, ἐναντίον ἐφθέγγοντʼ αἰσχρὰ καὶ τοιαῦθʼ οἷʼ ἂν ἄνθρωποι τοιοῦτοι φθέγξαιντο (οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε προαχθείην ἂν εἰπεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τῶν τότε ῥηθέντων οὐδέν), καὶ τὴν μητέρα κἀμὲ καὶ πάντας ἡμᾶς ῥητὰ καὶ ἄρρητα κάκʼ ἐξεῖπον· ὃ δʼ οὖν δεινότατον καὶ οὐ λόγος, ἀλλʼ ἔργον ἤδη· τὰς δίκας ὡς αὐτῶν οὔσας ἀφίεσαν τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις.
80. All this is ancient history, though I expect some of you remember it, for all Athens heard of the challenge and of the plot they then hatched and of their brutal behavior. As for me, being quite alone in the world and a mere lad, I did not want to lose the property that was still in the hands of my guardians, and I expected to obtain, not the trifle that I was actually able to recover, but all that I knew I had been robbed of; so I gave them twenty minas, the sum which they had paid for the performance of their trierarchy by deputy. Such was the scandalous treatment that I received at their hands.
80. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐστὶ μὲν παλαιά, ὅμως δέ τινας μνημονεύειν ὑμῶν οἴομαι· ὅλη γὰρ ἡ πόλις τὴν ἀντίδοσιν καὶ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν τότε ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἀσέλγειαν ᾔσθετο. κἀγὼ τότε παντάπασιν ἔρημος ὢν καὶ νέος κομιδῇ, ἵνα μὴ τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις ἀποστερηθείην, οὐχ ὅσʼ ἐδυνήθην ἀνακομίσασθαι προσδοκῶν εἰσπράξειν, ἀλλʼ ὅσων ἐμαυτῷ συνῄδειν ἀπεστερημένῳ, δίδωμʼ εἴκοσι μνᾶς τούτοις, ὅσου τὴν τριηραρχίαν ἦσαν μεμισθωκότες. τὰ μὲν δὴ τόθʼ ὑβρίσματα τούτων εἰς ἐμὲ ταῦτʼ ἐστίν.
81. Next I brought an action against Meidias for slander and gained the verdict by default, for he did not appear. He had put himself into my power by failing to pay the fine, but I did not lay hands on his property. Instead I obtained leave to bring an action for ejectment, but to this day I have never been able to commence it, such shifts and quibbles does he find to thwart me. While I think it my duty to proceed thus with caution, legally and constitutionally, Meidias, as you learn, thought fit to treat with brutal insolence not only me and mine, but also my fellow-tribesmen through me.
81. δίκην δὲ τούτῳ λαχὼν ὕστερον τῆς κακηγορίας εἷλον ἐρήμην· οὐ γὰρ ἀπήντα. λαβὼν δʼ ὑπερήμερον καὶ ἔχων, οὐδενὸς ἡψάμην πώποτε τῶν τούτου, ἀλλὰ λαχὼν ἐξούλης πάλιν οὐδέπω καὶ τήμερον εἰσελθεῖν δεδύνημαι· τοσαύτας τέχνας καὶ σκήψεις οὗτος εὑρίσκων ἐκκρούει. κἀγὼ μὲν οὕτως εὐλαβῶς τῇ δίκῃ, τοῖς νόμοις ἅπαντα πράττειν ἀξιῶ· ὁ δʼ, ὡς ὑμεῖς ἀκούετε, ἀσελγῶς οὐ μόνον εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς ᾤετο δεῖν ὑβρίζειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τοὺς φυλέτας διʼ ἐμέ.
82. To prove the truth of this, please call my witnesses, so that you may know that, before obtaining legal redress for my former injuries, I have again been insulted in the way that you have heard. The Deposition “We, Callisthenes of Sphettus, Diognetus of Thoricus, Mnesitheus of Alopece, know that Demosthenes, for whom we appear, has brought an action for ejectment against Meidias, who is now also being publicly prosecuted by him, and that eight years have now passed since that action, and that Meidias has been the cause of all the delay by repeated excuses and procrastinations.”
82. ὡς οὖν ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας, ἵνʼ εἰδῆθʼ ὅτι, πρὶν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους δίκην ὧν πρότερον ἠδικήθην λαβεῖν, πάλιν τοιαῦθʼ οἷʼ ἀκηκόαθʼ ὕβρισμαι. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ Καλλισθένης Σφήττιος, Διόγνητος Θορίκιος, Μνησίθεος Ἀλωπεκῆθεν, οἴδαμεν Δημοσθένην, ᾧ μαρτυροῦμεν, κρίσιν λελογχότα Μειδίᾳ ἐξούλης, τῷ καὶ νῦν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ κρινομένῳ δημοσίᾳ, καὶ ἤδη τῇ κρίσει ἐκείνῃ διαγεγονότα ἔτη ὀκτώ, καὶ τοῦ χρόνου γεγενημένον παντὸς αἴτιον Μειδίαν ἀεὶ προφασιζόμενον καὶ ἀναβαλλόμενον.
83. Hear now what he has done, men of Athens, in the matter of the legal action and observe his insolent and overbearing conduct on each occasion. In that action—I mean the one in which I obtained a verdict against him—the arbitrator assigned to me was Strato of Phalerum, a man of small means and no experience, but in other respects quite a good fellow; but his appointment proved the unhappy man’s ruin—a ruin undeserved, unjust, and in every way scandalous.
83. ὃ τοίνυν πεποίηκεν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, περὶ τῆς δίκης, ἀκούσατε, καὶ θεωρεῖτʼ ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τὴν ὕβριν καὶ τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν αὐτοῦ. τῆς γὰρ δίκης, ταύτης λέγω ἧς εἷλον αὐτόν, γίγνεταί μοι διαιτητὴς Στράτων Φαληρεύς, ἄνθρωπος πένης μέν τις καὶ ἀπράγμων, ἄλλως δʼ οὐ πονηρός, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ χρηστός· ὅπερ τὸν ταλαίπωρον οὐκ ὀρθῶς οὐδὲ δικαίως, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ αἰσχρῶς ἀπολώλεκεν.
84. This Strato, acting as arbitrator, when the appointed day arrived and all the legal delays had been exhausted—counter-pleas, demurrers, and the rest of them—and there was not a trick left, at first begged me to abandon the arbitration, and then to postpone it till the next day, and at the last, as I continued to refuse and Meidias did not appear in court, and it was getting late, he gave his decision against him.
84. οὗτος διαιτῶν ἡμῖν ὁ Στράτων, ἐπειδή ποθʼ ἧκεν ἡ κυρία, πάντα δʼ ἤδη διεξεληλύθει ταῦτα τἀκ τῶν νόμων, ὑπωμοσίαι καὶ παραγραφαί, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔτʼ ἦν ὑπόλοιπον, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπισχεῖν ἐδεῖτό μου τὴν δίαιταν, ἔπειτʼ εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν ἀναβαλέσθαι· τὸ τελευταῖον δʼ, ὡς οὔτʼ ἐγὼ συνεχώρουν οὔθʼ οὗτος ἀπήντα, τῆς δʼ ὥρας ἐγίγνετʼ ὀψέ, κατεδιῄτησεν.
85. It was now evening and growing dark. Up comes this fellow Meidias to the office of the Archons, and finds them just leaving and Strato already making his way home after having handed to them his judgement of guilty by default. This I learned from one of the bystanders. Well, at first he had the impudence to try and persuade Strato to report a judgement for the defendant instead of one for the plaintiff, and he wanted the Archons to alter the record and offered them fifty drachmas.
85. ἤδη δʼ ἑσπέρας οὔσης καὶ σκότους ἔρχεται Μειδίας οὑτοσὶ πρὸς τὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων οἴκημα, καὶ καταλαμβάνει τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐξιόντας καὶ τὸν Στράτωνʼ ἀπιόντʼ ἤδη, τὴν ἔρημον δεδωκότα, ὡς ἐγὼ τῶν παραγενομένων τινὸς ἐπυνθανόμην. τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον οἷός τʼ ἦν πείθειν αὐτόν, ἣν κατεδεδιῃτήκει, ταύτην ἀποδεδιῃτημένην ἀποφαίνειν, καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας μεταγράφειν, καὶ πεντήκοντα δραχμὰς αὐτοῖς ἐδίδου·
86. But finding that they resented the offer and that he could persuade neither Archons nor arbitrator, he threatened them and blackguarded them and went off and—what do you think he did? Just observe his malignity. [He appealed against the arbitration but omitted the oath, thus allowing the verdict against him to be made absolute, and he was recorded as unsworn. Then, wishing to conceal his real object,] he waited for the last day for appeal against the arbitrators, which falls in Thargelion or Scirophorion, a day on which some of the arbitrators turned up but others did not;
86. ὡς δʼ ἐδυσχέραινον οὗτοι τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ οὐδετέρους ἔπειθεν, ἀπειλήσας καὶ διαλοιδορηθεὶς ἀπελθὼν τί ποιεῖ; καὶ θεάσασθε τὴν κακοήθειαν. τὴν μὲν δίαιταν ἀντιλαχὼν οὐκ ὤμοσεν, ἀλλʼ εἴασε καθʼ αὑτοῦ κυρίαν γενέσθαι, καὶ ἀνώμοτος ἀπηνέχθη· βουλόμενος δὲ τὸ μέλλον λαθεῖν, φυλάξας τὴν τελευταίαν ἡμέραν τῶν διαιτητῶν, τὴν τοῦ θαργηλιῶνος ἢ τοῦ σκιροφοριῶνος γιγνομένην, εἰς ἣν ὁ μὲν ἦλθε τῶν διαιτητῶν, ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἦλθε, πείσας τὸν πρυτανεύοντα δοῦναι τὴν ψῆφον παρὰ πάντας τοὺς νόμους, κλητῆρʼ οὐδʼ ὁντινοῦν ἐπιγραψάμενος, κατηγορῶν ἔρημον, οὐδενὸς παρόντος, ἐκβάλλει καὶ ἀτιμοῖ τὸν διαιτητήν·
87. he induced the presiding arbitrator to put it to the vote contrary to all the laws, because Meidias had not appended the name of a single witness to the summons; he denounces Strato in his absence and in the absence of witnesses, and gets him struck off the roll of arbitrators and disfranchised. And so a citizen of Athens, because Meidias lost his suit by default, has been deprived of all his civic rights, and has been irrevocably disfranchised; and it is unsafe for him to bring an action against Meidias when wronged, or to act as arbitrator for him, or even, it seems, to walk the same street with him.
87. καὶ νῦν εἷς Ἀθηναίων, ὅτι Μειδίας ἔρημον ὦφλε δίκην, ἁπάντων ἀπεστέρηται τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ καθάπαξ ἄτιμος γέγονεν· καὶ οὔτε λαχεῖν ἀδικηθέντα οὔτε διαιτητὴν γενέσθαι Μειδίᾳ οὔθʼ ὅλως τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν βαδίζειν, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἔστʼ ἀσφαλές.
88. Now you must consider the transaction from this point of view. Estimate what loss Meidias must have suffered before he could plan such a dire revenge against a fellow-citizen; and if it was something really terrible and overwhelming, he may be forgiven, but if it was nothing of the sort, mark the insolent brutality with which he treats all whom he comes across. Well, what loss has he suffered? He was cast, you reply, in a big lawsuit, so big that he has lost all his property.
88. δεῖ δὴ τοῦτο τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ὑμᾶς οὑτωσὶ σκέψασθαι, καὶ λογίσασθαι τί ποτʼ ἔσθʼ ὃ παθὼν Μειδίας οὕτως ὠμὸν τηλικαύτην ἐπεβούλευσε λαβεῖν τῶν πεπραγμένων παρʼ ἀνδρὸς πολίτου δίκην, κἂν μὲν ᾖ τι δεινὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς καὶ ὑπερφυές, συγγνώμην ἔχειν, ἐὰν δὲ μηδέν, θεάσασθε τὴν ἀσέλγειαν καὶ τὴν ὠμότητα, ᾗ καθʼ ἁπάντων χρῆται τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων. τί οὖν ἔσθʼ ὃ πέπονθεν; μεγάλην νὴ Δίʼ ὦφλε δίκην καὶ τοσαύτην ὥστʼ ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῶν ὄντων. ἀλλὰ χιλίων ἡ δίκη μόνον ἦν δραχμῶν.
89. But the lawsuit only involved a thousand drachmas. True, you will say; but the galling thing is to be made to pay unfairly, and it was the unfairness of it that caused him to let the day of payment pass unnoticed. But he noticed his mistake the same day, which is the strongest possible proof that Strato had done him no wrong; and he has not yet paid a single drachma. But of that later.
89. πάνυ γε, ἀλλὰ δάκνει καὶ τοῦτο, φαίη τις ἄν, ὅταν ἐκτίνειν ἀδίκως δέῃ, συνέβη δʼ ὑπερημέρῳ γενομένῳ λαθεῖν αὐτῷ διὰ τὸ ἀδικηθῆναι. ἀλλʼ αὐθημερὸν μὲν ᾔσθετο, ὃ καὶ μέγιστόν ἐστι τεκμήριον τοῦ μηδὲν ἠδικηκέναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, δραχμὴν δʼ οὐδέπω μίαν ἐκτέτεικεν.
90. But of course he could have moved for a fresh trial on the ground of nullity, and so made me the object of his litigation as at the first. But no; that was not his game. To save him from defending a suit in which the penalty was fixed by law at ten minas—the suit in which he neglected to apppear—to save him from paying the penalty if guilty or if innocent, a citizen of Athens must needs be disfranchised, and must obtain neither pardon nor right of defence nor any sort of equitable treatment, privileges extended even to those whose guilt is established.
90. ἀλλὰ μή πω τοῦτο. ἀλλὰ τὴν μὴ οὖσαν ἀντιλαχεῖν ἐξῆν αὐτῷ δήπου, καὶ πρὸς ἐμὲ τὸ πρᾶγμα καταστήσασθαι, πρὸς ὅνπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἦν ἡ δίκη. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐβούλετο· ἀλλʼ ἵνα μὴ Μειδίας ἀτίμητον ἀγωνίσηται δέκα μνῶν δίκην, πρὸς ἣν οὐκ ἀπήντα δέον, καὶ εἰ μὲν ἠδίκηκε, δίκην δῷ, εἰ δὲ μή, ἀποφύγῃ, ἄτιμον Ἀθηναίων ἕνʼ εἶναι δεῖ καὶ μήτε συγγνώμης μήτε λόγου μήτε ἐπιεικείας μηδεμιᾶς τυχεῖν, ἃ καὶ τοῖς ὄντως ἀδικοῦσιν ἅπανθʼ ὑπάρχει.