133. But I should like to ask you, Meidias, which was the greater scandal to the city—the men who crossed to Chalcis in due order, and with the equipment proper to those who were to take the field against the enemy and to join forces with our allies, or you, who, when lots were drawn for the expedition, prayed that you might draw a blank, who never donned your cuirass, who rode on a saddle with silver trappings, imported from Euboea, taking with you your shawls and goblets and wine-jars, which were confiscated by the customs? We of the infantry learned this by report, for we had not crossed at the same point as the cavalry.
133. καίτοι πότερʼ εἰσὶν ὄνειδος, ὦ Μειδία, τῇ πόλει οἱ διαβάντες ἐν τάξει καὶ τὴν σκευὴν ἔχοντες ἣν προσῆκε τοὺς ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐξιόντας καὶ συμβαλουμένους τοῖς συμμάχοις, ἢ σὺ ὁ μηδὲ λαχεῖν εὐχόμενος τῶν ἐξιόντων ὅτʼ ἐκληροῦ, τὸν θώρακα δʼ οὐδεπώποτʼ ἐνδύς, ἐπʼ ἀστράβης δʼ ὀχούμενος ἀργυρᾶς τῆς ἐξ Εὐβοίας, χλανίδας δὲ καὶ κυμβία καὶ κάδους ἔχων, ὧν ἐπελαμβάνονθʼ οἱ πεντηκοστολόγοι; ταῦτα γὰρ εἰς τοὺς ὁπλίτας ἡμᾶς ἀπηγγέλλετο· οὐ γὰρ εἰς ταὐτὸν ἡμεῖς τούτοις διέβημεν.
134. And then, because Archetion or someone chaffed you on the subject, must you annoy them all? If you did what your fellow-troopers say you did, Meidias, and what you complain of them for saying, then you deserved their reproaches, because you were bringing harm and disgrace both on them and on these jurymen here and on all the city. But if you did not do it and it was all a fabrication, and if the rest of the soldiers, instead of reproving the slanderers, chuckled over you, it only shows that from your general manner of life they thought that such a story exactly fitted you. It was yourself, then, that you ought to have kept more under control, instead of accusing the others.
134. εἶτα, εἴ σʼ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔσκωψεν Ἀρχετίων ἤ τις ἄλλος, πάντας ἤλαυνες; εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐποίεις ταῦτʼ, ὦ Μειδία, ἃ σέ φασιν οἱ συνιππεῖς καὶ κατηγόρεις ὡς λέγοιεν περὶ σοῦ, δικαίως κακῶς ἤκουες· καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνους καὶ τουτουσὶ καὶ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ἠδίκεις καὶ κατῄσχυνες. εἰ δὲ μὴ ποιοῦντός σου κατεσκεύαζόν τινες καταψευδόμενοί σου, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν οὐκ ἐκείνοις ἐπετίμων, ἀλλὰ σοὶ ἐπέχαιρον, δῆλον ὅτι ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ὧν ἔζης ἄξιος αὐτοῖς ἐδόκεις εἶναι τοῦ τοιαῦτʼ ἀκούειν· σαυτὸν οὖν μετριώτερον ἐχρῆν παρέχειν, οὐκ ἐκείνους διαβάλλειν.
135. But you threaten all, you bully all. You insist that everyone else shall consult your wishes; you do not your self consult how to avoid annoying others. Yes, and what seems to me the most damning proof of your audacity is this: you come forward, you shameless ruffian, and include all these men in one sweeping accusation. Anyone else would have shuddered at the thought of doing such a thing.
135. σὺ δʼ ἀπειλεῖς πᾶσιν, ἐλαύνεις πάντας· τοὺς ἄλλους ἀξιοῖς ὅ τι σὺ βούλει σκοπεῖν, οὐκ αὐτὸς σκοπεῖς ὅ τι μὴ λυπήσεις τοὺς ἄλλους ποιῶν. καὶ τὸ δὴ σχετλιώτατον καὶ μέγιστον ἔμοιγε δοκοῦν ὕβρεως εἶναι σημεῖον· τοσούτων ἀνθρώπων, ὦ μιαρὰ κεφαλή, σὺ παρελθὼν ἁθρόων κατηγόρεις, ὃ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἔφριξε ποιῆσαι τῶν ἄλλων;
136. I observe, gentlemen, that in all other trials the defendants are charged with one or two offences only, but they can rely on any number of appeals, such as these: “Does anyone in court know me to be capable of this? Who among you has ever seen me commit these offences? No one. The plaintiffs are libelling me out of spite. I am the victim of false testimony,” and so on. But with Meidias the case is just the reverse;
136. τοῖς μὲν τοίνυν ἄλλοις ἅπασιν ἀνθρώποις ὁρῶ τοῖς κρινομένοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἓν μὲν ἢ δύʼ ὄντα τἀδικήμαθʼ ἃ κατηγορεῖται, λόγους δʼ ἀφθόνους τοιούτους ὑπάρχοντας τίς ὑμῶν ἐμοί τι σύνοιδε τοιοῦτον; τίς ὑμῶν ἐμὲ ταῦθʼ ἑόρακε ποιοῦντα; οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀλλʼ οὗτοι διʼ ἔχθραν καταψεύδονταί μου, καταψευδομαρτυροῦμαι, τὰ τοιαῦτα· τούτῳ δʼ αὖ τἀναντία τούτων.
137. for I suppose you all know his way of life, his arrogance and his superciliousness, and I even suspect that some have long marvelled at things which they know themselves, but have not heard from my lips today. But I note that many of his victims are reluctant to disclose in evidence all that they have suffered, because they realize his violence and his persistence and the extent of those resources which make him so powerful and so dreaded, despicable though he is.
137. πάντας γὰρ ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι νομίζω τὸν τρόπον καὶ τὴν ἀσέλγειαν καὶ τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν τοῦ βίου, καὶ πάλαι θαυμάζειν ἐνίους οἴομαι ὧν αὐτοὶ μὲν ἴσασιν, οὐκ ἀκηκόασι δὲ νῦν ἐμοῦ. πολλοὺς δὲ τῶν πεπονθότων οὐδὲ πάνθʼ ὅσʼ ἠδίκηνται μαρτυρεῖν ἐθέλοντας ὁρῶ, τὴν βίαν καὶ τὴν φιλοπραγμοσύνην ὁρῶντας τὴν τούτου καὶ τὴν ἀφορμήν, ἥπερ ἰσχυρὸν ποιεῖ καὶ φοβερὸν τὸν κατάπτυστον τουτονί.
138. For a man whose wickedness and violence are supported by power and wealth is fortified against any sudden attack. So this fellow, if he were deprived of his property, would perhaps discontinue his outrages, or if not, he will be of less account in your courts than the most insignificant criminal; for then he will rail and bluster to deaf ears, and for any act of gross violence he will pay the penalty like the rest of us.
138. τὸ γὰρ ἐπʼ ἐξουσίας καὶ πλούτου πονηρὸν εἶναι καὶ ὑβριστὴν τεῖχός ἐστι πρὸς τὸ μηδὲν ἂν αὐτὸν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς παθεῖν, ἐπεὶ περιαιρεθεὶς οὗτος τὰ ὄντα ἴσως μὲν οὐκ ἂν ὑβρίζοι, εἰ δʼ ἄρα, ἐλάττονος ἄξιος ἔσται τοῦ μικροτάτου παρʼ ὑμῖν· μάτην γὰρ λοιδορήσεται καὶ βοήσεται, δίκην δʼ, ἂν ἀσελγαίνῃ τι, τοῖς ἄλλοις ἡμῖν ἐξ ἴσου δώσει.
139. But now, I believe, his champions are Polyeuctus and Timocrates and the ragamuffin Euctemon. Such are the mercenaries that he keeps about him; and there are others besides, an organized gang of witnesses, who do not openly force themselves upon you, but readily give a silent nod of assent to his lies. [I do not of course imagine that they make anything out of him, but there are some people, men of Athens, who are strangely prone to abase themselves towards the wealthy, to attend upon them, and to give witness in their favour.]
139. νῦν δʼ, οἶμαι, τούτου προβέβληται Πολύευκτος, Τιμοκράτης, Εὐκτήμων ὁ κονιορτός· τοιοῦτοί τινές εἰσι μισθοφόροι περὶ αὐτόν, καὶ πρὸς ἔθʼ ἕτεροι τούτοις, μαρτύρων συνεστῶσʼ ἑταιρεία, φανερῶς μὲν οὐκ ἐνοχλούντων ὑμῖν, σιγῇ δὲ τὰ ψευδῆ ῥᾷστʼ ἐπινευόντων. οὓς μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖσθαι νομίζω παρὰ τούτου· ἀλλὰ δεινοί τινές εἰσιν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους καὶ παρεῖναι καὶ μαρτυρεῖν.
140. All this, I expect, is alarming for the rest of you as individuals, depending each upon his own resources; and that is why you band yourselves together, so that when you find yourselves individually inferior to others, whether in wealth or in friends or in any other respect, you may together prove stronger than any one of your enemies and so check his insolence.
140. πάντα δὲ ταῦτʼ, οἶμαι, φοβέρʼ ἐστὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὑμῶν ἑκάστῳ καθʼ ἑαυτὸν ὅπως δύναται ζῶντι. οὗπερ εἵνεκα συλλέγεσθʼ ὑμεῖς, ἵνʼ, ὧν καθʼ ἕνʼ ἐστὶν ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ἐλάττων ἢ φίλοις ἢ τοῖς οὖσιν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τινί, τούτων συλλεγέντες ἑκάστου κρείττους τε γίγνησθε καὶ παύητε τὴν ὕβριν.
141. Now, some such ready plea as this will be submitted to you: “Why did not So-and-so, who suffered this or that at my hands, try to obtain redress from me? Or why did not So-and-so?”—naming perhaps another of his victims. But I expect you all know the stock excuses for shirking the duty of self-defence—want of leisure, a distaste for affairs, inability to speak, lack of means, and a thousand such reasons.
141. τάχα τοίνυν καὶ τοιοῦτός τις ἥξει πρὸς ὑμᾶς λόγος, τί δὴ τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθὼς ὁ δεῖνʼ οὐκ ἐλάμβανεν δίκην παρʼ ἐμοῦ; ἢ τί δὴ πάλιν ἄλλον ἴσως τινὰ τῶν ἠδικημένων ὀνομάζων. ἐγὼ δὲ διʼ ἃς μὲν προφάσεις ἕκαστος ἀφίσταται τοῦ βοηθεῖν αὑτῷ, πάντας ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι νομίζω· καὶ γὰρ ἀσχολία καὶ ἀπραγμοσύνη καὶ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι λέγειν καὶ ἀπορία καὶ μυρίʼ ἐστὶν αἴτια·
142. I do not, however, think that Meidias has any right to use such language now; his duty is to prove that he has not done what I have accused him of doing, and if he cannot, then he deserves death all the more. For if he is so powerful that he can act like this and yet prevent you individually from obtaining satisfaction from him, you ought all of you, in common and on behalf of all, now that he is in your grasp, to punish him as the common enemy of the State.
142. προσήκειν μέντοι τούτῳ μὴ ταῦτα λέγειν ἡγοῦμαι νυνί, ἀλλʼ ὡς οὐ πεποίηκέ τι τούτων ὧν αὐτοῦ κατηγόρηκα διδάσκειν, ἐὰν δὲ μὴ δύνηται, διὰ ταῦτʼ ἀπολωλέναι πολὺ μᾶλλον, εἰ γὰρ τηλικοῦτός τίς ἐστιν ὥστε τοιαῦτα ποιῶν δύνασθαι καθʼ ἕνʼ ἕκαστον ἡμῶν ἀποστερεῖν τοῦ δίκης παρʼ αὐτοῦ τυχεῖν, κοινῇ νῦν, ἐπειδήπερ εἴληπται, πᾶσιν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ἐστὶ τιμωρητέος ὡς κοινὸς ἐχθρὸς τῇ πολιτείᾳ.
143. History tells us that Alcibiades lived at Athens in the good old days of her prosperity, and I want you to consider what great public services stand to his credit and how your ancestors dealt with him when he thought fit to behave like a ruffian and a bully. And assuredly it is not from any desire to compare Meidias with Alcibiades that I mention this story. I am not so foolish or infatuated. My object, men of Athens, is that you may know and feel that there is not, and never will be, anything—not birth, not wealth, not power—that you, the great mass of citizens, ought to tolerate, if it is coupled with insolence.
143. λέγεται τοίνυν ποτʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει κατὰ τὴν παλαιὰν ἐκείνην εὐδαιμονίαν Ἀλκιβιάδης γενέσθαι, ᾧ σκέψασθε τίνων ὑπαρχόντων καὶ ποίων τινῶν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον πῶς ἐχρήσανθʼ ὑμῶν οἱ πρόγονοι, ἐπειδὴ βδελυρὸς καὶ ὑβριστὴς ᾤετο δεῖν εἶναι. καὶ οὐκ ἀπεικάσαι δήπου Μειδίαν Ἀλκιβιάδῃ βουλόμενος τούτου μέμνημαι τοῦ λόγου (οὐχ οὕτως εἴμʼ ἄφρων οὐδʼ ἀπόπληκτος ἐγώ), ἀλλʼ ἵνʼ εἰδῆθʼ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ γνῶθʼ ὅτι οὐδὲν οὔτʼ ἔστιν οὔτʼ ἔσται, οὐ γένος, οὐ πλοῦτος, οὐ δύναμις, ὅ τι τοῖς πολλοῖς ὑμῖν, ἂν ὕβρις προσῇ, προσήκει φέρειν.
144. For Alcibiades, Athenians, was on his father’s side one of the Alcmaeonidae, who are said to have been banished by the tyrants because they belonged to the democratic faction, and who, with money borrowed from Delphi, liberated our city, expelling the sons of Peisistratus, and on his mother’s side he claimed descent from Hipponicus and that famous house to which the people are indebted for many eminent services.
144. ἐκεῖνος γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, λέγεται πρὸς πατρὸς μὲν Ἀλκμεωνιδῶν εἶναι (τούτους δέ φασιν ὑπὸ τῶν τυράννων ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου στασιάζοντας ἐκπεσεῖν, καὶ δανεισαμένους χρήματʼ ἐκ Δελφῶν ἐλευθερῶσαι τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοὺς Πεισιστράτου παῖδας ἐκβαλεῖν), πρὸς δὲ μητρὸς Ἱππονίκου καὶ ταύτης τῆς οἰκίας ἧς ὑπάρχουσι πολλαὶ καὶ μεγάλαι πρὸς τὸν δῆμον εὐεργεσίαι.
145. But these were not his only claims, for he had also taken arms in the cause of democracy, twice in Samos and a third time in Athens itself, displaying his patriotism, not by gifts of money or by speeches, but by personal service. He had also to his credit for the Olympian chariot-race and victories there, and we are told that he was regarded as the best general and the ablest speaker of the day.
145. οὐ μόνον δὲ ταῦθʼ ὑπῆρχεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου θέμενος τὰ ὅπλα δὶς μὲν ἐν Σάμῳ, τρίτον δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει, τῷ σώματι τὴν εὔνοιαν, οὐ χρήμασιν οὐδὲ λόγοις ἐνεδείξατο τῇ πατρίδι. ἔτι δʼ ἵππων Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀγῶνες ὑπῆρχον αὐτῷ καὶ νῖκαι καὶ στέφανοι, καὶ στρατηγὸς ἄριστος, καὶ λέγειν ἐδόκει πάντων, ὥς φασιν, εἶναι δεινότατος.
146. But yet your ancestors, for all these services, would not allow him to insult them. They made him a fugitive and an outlaw, and in the day of Lacedaemonian power they endured the fortification of Decelea, the capture of their fleet, and every kind of loss, because they deemed any involuntary suffering more honorable than a voluntary submission to the tyranny of insolence.
146. ἀλλʼ ὅμως οἱ κατʼ ἐκεῖνον ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι οὐδενὸς τούτων αὐτῷ συνεχώρησαν ὑβρίζειν αὑτούς, ἀλλὰ ποιήσαντες φυγάδʼ ἐξέβαλον· καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ὄντων ἰσχυρῶν τότε, καὶ Δεκέλειαν ἑαυτοῖς ἐπιτειχισθῆναι καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἁλῶναι καὶ πάνθʼ ὑπέμειναν, ὁτιοῦν ἄκοντες παθεῖν κάλλιον εἶναι νομίζοντες ἢ ἑκόντες ὑβρίζεσθαι συγχωρῆσαι.
147. Yet what was his insolence compared with what has been proved of Meidias today? He boxed the ears of Taureas, when the latter was chorus-master. Granted; but it was as chorus-master to chorus-master that he did it, and he did not transgress the present law, for it had not yet been made. Another story is that he imprisoned the painter Agatharchus. Yes, but he had caught him in an act of trespass, or so we are told; so that it is unfair to blame him for that. He was one of the mutilators of the Hermae. All acts of sacrilege, I suppose, ought to excite the same indignation, but is not complete destruction of sacred things just as sacrilegious as their mutilation? Well, that is what Meidias has been convicted of.
147. καίτοι τί τοσοῦτον ἐκεῖνος ὕβρισεν, ἡλίκον οὗτος νῦν ἐξελήλεγκται; Ταυρέαν ἐπάταξε χορηγοῦντʼ ἐπὶ κόρρης. ἔστω ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ χορηγῶν γε χορηγοῦντα τοῦτʼ ἐποίησεν, οὔπω τόνδε τὸν νόμον παραβαίνων· οὐ γὰρ ἔκειτό πω. εἷρξεν Ἀγάθαρχον τὸν γραφέα· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα λέγουσιν. λαβὼν γέ τι πλημμελοῦνθʼ ὥς φασιν· ὅπερ οὐδʼ ὀνειδίζειν ἄξιον. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς περιέκοπτεν. ἅπαντα μέν, οἶμαι, τἀσεβήματα τῆς αὐτῆς ὀργῆς δίκαιον ἀξιοῦν· τὸ δʼ ὅλως ἀφανίζειν ἱερὰ ἔσθʼ ὅ τι τοῦ κόπτειν [τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς] διαφέρει· οὐκοῦν οὗτος ἐξελήλεγκται τοῦτο ποιῶν.
148. To contrast the two men, let us ask who Meidias is and to whom he displayed his qualities. Do not then imagine that for you, gentlemen, being the descendants of such ancestors, it would be in accordance with justice or piety, to say nothing of honor, if, when you have caught a rascally, violent bully, a mere nobody and son of nobody, you should pronounce him deserving of pardon or pity or favour of any kind. For why should you? Because of his services as general? But not even as a private soldier, much less as a leader of others, is he worth anything at all. For his speeches then? In his public speeches he never yet said a good word of anyone, and he speaks ill of everyone in private.
148. ἀντιθῶμεν δὴ τίς ὢν καὶ τίσι ταῦτʼ ἐνδεικνύμενος. μὴ τοίνυν ὑμῖν, πρὸς τῷ μὴ καλόν, μηδὲ θεμιτὸν νομίζετʼ, ἄνδρες δικασταί, μηδʼ ὅσιον εἶναι τοιούτων ἀνδρῶν οὖσιν ἀπογόνοις, πονηρὸν καὶ βίαιον καὶ ὑβριστὴν λαβοῦσιν ἄνθρωπον καὶ μηδένα μηδαμόθεν, συγγνώμης ἢ φιλανθρωπίας ἢ χάριτός τινος ἀξιῶσαι. τίνος γὰρ εἵνεκα; τῶν στρατηγιῶν· ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ καθʼ αὑτὸν στρατιώτης οὗτος οὐδενός ἐστʼ ἄξιος, μή τί γε τῶν ἄλλων ἡγεμών. ἀλλὰ τῶν λόγων· ἐν οἷς κοινῇ μὲν οὐδὲν πώποτʼ εἶπʼ ἀγαθόν, κακῶς δʼ ἰδίᾳ πάντας ἀνθρώπους λέγει.
149. For the sake of his family perhaps? And who of you does not know the mysterious story of his birth—quite like a melodrama? He was the sport of two opposing circumstances. The real mother who bore him was the most sensible of mortals; his reputed mother who adopted him was the silliest woman in the world. Do you ask why? The one sold him as soon as he was born; the other purchased him, when she might have got a better bargain at the same figure.
149. γένους εἵνεκα νὴ Δία· καὶ τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὑμῶν τὰς ἀπορρήτους, ὥσπερ ἐν τραγῳδίᾳ, τὰς τούτου γονάς; ᾧ δύʼ ἐναντιώτατα συμβέβηκεν εἶναι· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς μήτηρ, ἡ τεκοῦσʼ αὐτόν, πλεῖστον ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων εἶχε νοῦν, ἡ δὲ δοκοῦσα καὶ ὑποβαλομένη πασῶν ἦν ἀνοητοτάτη γυναικῶν. σημεῖον δέ· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀπέδοτʼ εὐθὺς γενόμενον, ἡ δʼ ἐξὸν αὐτῇ βελτίω πρίασθαι τῆς αὐτῆς τιμῆς τοῦτον ἠγόρασεν.
150. And yet, though he has thus become the possessor of privileges to which he has no claim, and has found a fatherland which is reputed to be of all states the most firmly based upon its laws, he seems utterly unable to submit to those laws or abide by them. His true, native barbarism and hatred of religion drive him on by force and betray the fact that he treats his present rights as if they were not his own—as indeed they are not.
150. καὶ γάρ τοι διὰ τοῦτο τῶν οὐ προσηκόντων ἀγαθῶν κύριος γεγονώς, καὶ πατρίδος τετυχηκὼς ἣ νόμοις τῶν ἁπασῶν πόλεων μάλιστʼ οἰκεῖσθαι δοκεῖ, οὐδένʼ οἶμαι τρόπον φέρειν οὐδὲ χρῆσθαι τούτοις δύναται, ἀλλὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ὡς ἀληθῶς βάρβαρον καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθρὸν ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται, καὶ φανερὸν ποιεῖ τοῖς παροῦσιν ὥσπερ ἀλλοτρίοις, ὅπερ ἔστιν, αὐτὸν χρώμενον.
151. Such, then, being the events that make up the life of this shameless blackguard, some of his associates came to me, gentlemen of the jury, urging me to retire and drop this action; but finding me unmoved, they did not venture to assert that he was innocent of all these crimes and would not deserve the severest penalty for his deeds. They took this line of argument. “He has already been convicted and condemned; what fine do you expect the court to impose on him? Do you not see that he is a rich man and will talk about the equipment of war-galleys and other public services? Then take care that he does not beg himself off by such pleas, and make you his laughingstock, when he pays the State a far less sum than he now offers you.”
151. τοσούτων τοίνυν καὶ τοιούτων ὄντων ἃ τῷ βδελυρῷ τούτῳ καὶ ἀναιδεῖ βεβίωται, ἔνιοί μοι προσιόντες, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῶν χρωμένων αὐτῷ, παραινοῦντες ἀπαλλαγῆναι καὶ καθυφεῖναι τὸν ἀγῶνα τουτονί, ἐπειδή με μὴ πείθοιεν, ὡς μὲν οὐ πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ πεποίηκεν οὗτος καὶ δίκην ἡντινοῦν ἂν δοίη δικαίως τῶν πεπραγμένων, οὐκ ἐτόλμων λέγειν, ἐπὶ ταῦτα δʼ ἀπήντων ὡς ἑάλωκεν ἤδη καὶ κατεψήφισται· τίνος τιμήσειν αὐτῷ προσδοκᾷς τὸ δικαστήριον; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι πλουτεῖ καὶ τριηραρχίας ἐρεῖ καὶ λῃτουργίας; σκόπει δὴ μὴ τούτοις αὑτὸν ἐξαιτήσηται, καὶ ἐλάττω πολὺ τῇ πόλει καταθεὶς ἢ ὅσα σοι δίδωσι καταγελάσῃ.
152. For myself, in the first place, I do not charge you with anything dishonorable, nor do I suppose that you will lay on him a lighter punishment than will effectually check his insolence; and that means, for choice, death, or failing that, at least the confiscation of all his property. In the next place, my own opinion about his trierarchies and public services and pleas of that sort is this.
152. ἐγὼ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν οὐδὲν ἀγεννὲς ὑμῶν καταγιγνώσκω, οὐδʼ ὑπολαμβάνω τιμήσειν οὐδὲν ἐλάττονος τούτῳ ἢ ὅσον καταθεὶς οὗτος παύσεται τῆς ὕβρεως· τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶ μάλιστα μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντʼ ἀφελέσθαι. ἔπειθʼ ὑπὲρ τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν καὶ τῶν τριηραρχιῶν καὶ τῶν τοιούτων λόγων ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω.
153. If, men of Athens, public service consists in saying to you at all the meetings of the Assembly and on every possible occasion, “We are the men who perform the public services; we are those who advance your tax-money; we are the capitalists”—if that is all it means, then I confess that Meidias has shown himself the most distinguished citizen of Athens; for he bores us at every Assembly by these tasteless and tactless boasts.
153. εἰ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ λῃτουργεῖν τοῦτο, τὸ ἐν ὑμῖν λέγειν ἐν ἁπάσαις ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις καὶ πανταχοῦ ἡμεῖς οἱ λῃτουργοῦντες, ἡμεῖς οἱ προεισφέροντες ὑμῖν, ἡμεῖς οἱ πλούσιοί ἐσμεν, εἰ τὸ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγειν, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν λῃτουργεῖν, ὁμολογῶ Μειδίαν ἁπάντων τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει λαμπρότατον γεγενῆσθαι· ἀποκναίει γὰρ ἀηδίᾳ δήπου καὶ ἀναισθησίᾳ καθʼ ἑκάστην τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ταῦτα λέγων.
154. But if you want to find out how he really performs his services, I will tell you; and please mark with what fairness I shall test him, for I will compare him with myself. This man, Athenians, who is about fifty years old or only a trifle less, has not performed more public services than I, who am only two and thirty. Moreover I, as soon as I had reached man’s estate, undertook the trierarchy in the days when only two shared the duty, and when we paid all the expenses from our own purses and provided the crews ourselves.
154. εἰ μέντοι τί ποτʼ ἐστὶν ἃ λῃτουργεῖ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ σκοπεῖν, ἐγὼ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐρῶ· καὶ θεάσασθʼ ὡς δικαίως αὐτὸν ἐξετάσω, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων. οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, γεγονὼς ἔτη περὶ πεντήκοντʼ ἴσως ἢ μικρὸν ἔλαττον οὐδὲν ἐμοῦ πλείους λῃτουργίας ὑμῖν λελῃτούργηκεν, ὃς δύο καὶ τριάκοντʼ ἔτη γέγονα. κἀγὼ μὲν κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους ἐτριηράρχουν, εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων ἐξελθών, ὅτε σύνδυʼ ἦμεν οἱ τριήραρχοι καὶ τἀναλώματα πάντʼ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων [οἴκων] καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐπληρούμεθʼ αὐτοί·
155. Meidias, when he was of my present age, had not yet begun to perform services; he has only put his hand to the task since you made twelve hundred citizens joint contributors, from whom such men as Meidias exact a talent and then contract for the equipment of the war-galley at the same price. After this the State provides the crews and furnishes the tackle; so that some of them succeed in really spending nothing at all and by pretending to have performed one public service enjoy exemption from the rest.
155. οὗτος δέ, ὅτε μὲν κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἡλικίαν ἦν ἣν ἐγὼ νῦν, οὐδέπω λῃτουργεῖν ἤρχετο, τηνικαῦτα δὲ τοῦ πράγματος ἧπται, ὅτε πρῶτον μὲν διακοσίους καὶ χιλίους πεποιήκατε συντελεῖς ὑμεῖς, παρʼ ὧν εἰσπραττόμενοι τάλαντον ταλάντου μισθοῦσι τὰς τριηραρχίας οὗτοι, εἶτα πληρώμαθʼ ἡ πόλις παρέχει καὶ σκεύη δίδωσιν, ὥστʼ αὐτῶν ἐνίοις τῇ ἀληθείᾳ τὸ μηδὲν ἀναλῶσαι καὶ δοκεῖν λελῃτουργηκέναι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων λῃτουργιῶν ἀτελεῖς γεγενῆσθαι περίεστιν.
156. Well, is there anything else? He has once equipped a tragic chorus; I have furnished a band of male flute-players; and everyone knows that the latter involves much greater expense than the former. Moreover my service is voluntary; his was only undertaken after a challenge to exchange property. Therefore no one could justly allow him any credit for it. What else? I have feasted my tribe and equipped a chorus for the Panathenaea; he has done neither.
156. ἀλλὰ μὴν τί ἄλλο; τραγῳδοῖς κεχορήγηκέ ποθʼ οὗτος, ἐγὼ δʼ αὐληταῖς ἀνδράσιν. καὶ ὅτι τοῦτο τἀνάλωμʼ ἐκείνης τῆς δαπάνης πλέον ἐστὶ πολλῷ, οὐδεὶς ἀγνοεῖ δήπου. κἀγὼ μὲν ἐθελοντὴς νῦν, οὗτος δὲ καταστὰς ἐξ ἀντιδόσεως τότε, οὗ χάριν οὐδεμίαν δήπου δικαίως ἄν τις ἔχοι. τί ἔτι; εἱστίακα τὴν φυλὴν ἐγὼ καὶ Παναθηναίοις κεχορήγηκα, οὗτος δʼ οὐδέτερα.
157. I was chairman of one of the tax-syndicates for ten years, contributing the same share as Phormio, Lysitheides, Callaeschrus, and the richest citizens, not from my actual property, of which my guardians had robbed me, but from the estimated wealth which my father had left and which I was entitled to inherit when I had passed the scrutiny for citizenship. That is how I have borne myself towards you; but how has Meidias? To this day he has never been chairman of a syndicate, though no one has ever robbed him of any part of his inheritance and he has received from his father a large property.
157. ἡγεμὼν συμμορίας ὑμῖν ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ ἔτη δέκα, ἴσον Φορμίωνι καὶ Λυσιθείδῃ καὶ Καλλαίσχρῳ καὶ τοῖς πλουσιωτάτοις, εἰσφέρων οὐκ ἀφʼ ὑπαρχούσης οὐσίας (ὑπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐπιτρόπων ἀπεστερήμην), ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης ὧν ὁ πατήρ μοι κατέλιπεν καὶ ὧν δίκαιον ἦν με δοκιμασθέντα κομίσασθαι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὕτως ὑμῖν προσενήνεγμαι, Μειδίας δὲ πῶς; οὐδέπω καὶ τήμερον συμμορίας ἡγεμὼν γέγονεν, οὐδὲν τῶν πατρῴων ἀποστερηθεὶς ὑπʼ οὐδενός, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς πολλὴν οὐσίαν παραλαβών.
158. In what, then, consist his splendor, his public services and his lordly expenditure? I cannot for the life of me see, unless one fixes one’s attention on these facts. He has built at Eleusis a mansion huge enough to overshadow his neighbors; he drives his wife to the Mysteries, or anywhere else that he wishes, with a pair of greys from Sicyon; he swaggers about the market-place with three or four henchmen in attendance, describing beakers and drinking-horns and cups loud enough for the passers-by to hear.
158. τίς οὖν ἡ λαμπρότης, ἢ τίνες αἱ λῃτουργίαι καὶ τὰ σέμνʼ ἀναλώματα τούτου; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὁρῶ, πλὴν εἰ ταῦτά τις θεωρεῖ· οἰκίαν ᾠκοδόμηκεν Ἐλευσῖνι τοσαύτην ὥστε πᾶσιν ἐπισκοτεῖν τοῖς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, καὶ εἰς μυστήρια τὴν γυναῖκʼ ἄγει, κἂν ἄλλοσέ ποι βούληται, ἐπὶ τοῦ λευκοῦ ζεύγους τοῦ ἐκ Σικυῶνος, καὶ τρεῖς ἀκολούθους ἢ τέτταρας αὐτὸς ἔχων διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σοβεῖ, κυμβία καὶ ῥυτὰ καὶ φιάλας ὀνομάζων οὕτως ὥστε τοὺς παριόντας ἀκούειν.
159. I do not see how the mass of Athenians are benefited by all the wealth that Meidias retains for private luxury and superfluous display; I do see that his insolence, fostered by his wealth, affects many of us ordinary folk. You ought not to show respect and admiration for such things on every occasion, nor judge a man’s public spirit by such tests as these—whether he builds himself a splendid house or keeps many maid-servants or handsome furniture, but whether his splendor and public spirit are displayed in those things in which the majority of you can share. There you will find Meidias absolutely wanting.
159. ἐγὼ δʼ ὅσα μὲν τῆς ἰδίας τρυφῆς εἵνεκα Μειδίας καὶ περιουσίας κτᾶται, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑμῶν ὠφελεῖ· ἃ δʼ ἐπαιρόμενος τούτοις ὑβρίζει, ἐπὶ πολλοὺς καὶ τοὺς τυχόντας ἡμῶν ἀφικνούμενʼ ὁρῶ. οὐ δεῖ δὴ τὰ τοιαῦθʼ ἑκάστοτε τιμᾶν οὐδὲ θαυμάζειν ὑμᾶς, οὐδὲ τὴν φιλοτιμίαν ἐκ τούτων κρίνειν, εἴ τις οἰκοδομεῖ λαμπρῶς ἢ θεραπαίνας κέκτηται πολλὰς ἢ σκεύη [καλά], ἀλλʼ ὃς ἂν ἐν τούτοις λαμπρὸς καὶ φιλότιμος ᾖ, ὧν ἅπασι μέτεστι τοῖς πολλοῖς ὑμῶν· ὧν οὐδὲν εὑρήσετε τούτῳ προσόν.
160. But, mark you, he gave us a war-galley! I am sure he will brag about that vessel. “I,” he will say, “presented you with a trireme.” Now this is how you must deal with him. If, men of Athens, he gave it from patriotic motives, be duly grateful and pay him the thanks that such a gift deserves. But do not give him a chance to air his insolence; that must not be conceded as the price of any act or deed. If, on the other hand, it is proved that his motive was cowardice and malingering, do not be led astray. How then will you know? This too I will explain. I will tell you the story from the start: it is not a long one.
160. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία τριήρη ἐπέδωκεν· ταύτην γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅτι θρυλήσει, καὶ φήσει ἐγὼ ὑμῖν τριήρη ἐπέδωκα. οὑτωσὶ δὴ ποιήσατε. εἰ μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, φιλοτιμίας εἵνεκα ταύτην ἐπέδωκεν, ἣν προσήκει τῶν τοιούτων ἔχειν χάριν, ταύτην ἔχετʼ αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπόδοτε, ὑβρίζειν δὲ μὴ δῶτε· οὐδενὸς γὰρ πράγματος οὐδʼ ἔργου τοῦτο συγχωρητέον. εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ δειλίας καὶ ἀνανδρίας εἵνεκα δειχθήσεται τοῦτο πεποιηκώς, μὴ παρακρουσθῆτε. πῶς οὖν εἴσεσθε; ἐγὼ καὶ τοῦτο διδάξω· ἄνωθεν δέ, βραχὺς γάρ ἐσθʼ ὁ λόγος, λέξω.
161. Voluntary gifts were first introduced at Athens for the expedition to Euboea. Meidias was not one of those volunteers, but I was, and my colleague was Philinus, the son of Nicostratus. There was a second call subsequently for Olynthus. Meidias was not one of those volunteers either. Yet surely the public-spirited man ought to be found at his post on every occasion. We have now these voluntary gifts for the third time, and this time he did make an offer. But how? Though present in the Council when the gifts were being received, he made no offer then.
161. ἐγένοντʼ εἰς Εὔβοιαν ἐπιδόσεις παρʼ ὑμῖν πρῶται· τούτων οὐκ ἦν Μειδίας, ἀλλʼ ἐγώ, καὶ συντριήραρχος ἦν μοι Φιλῖνος ὁ Νικοστράτου. ἕτεραι δεύτεραι μετὰ ταῦτʼ εἰς Ὄλυνθον· οὐδὲ τούτων ἦν Μειδίας. καίτοι τόν γε δὴ φιλότιμον πανταχοῦ προσῆκεν ἐξετάζεσθαι. τρίται νῦν αὗται γεγόνασιν ἐπιδόσεις· ἐνταῦθʼ ἐπέδωκεν. πῶς; ἐν τῇ βουλῇ γιγνομένων ἐπιδόσεων παρὼν οὐκ ἐπεδίδου τότε·
162. But when it was announced that the troops at Tamynae were blockaded, and when the Council carried a preliminary decree to dispatch the rest of the cavalry, to which he belonged, then, alarmed at the prospect of this campaign, he came forward with a voluntary gift at the next meeting of the Assembly, even before the Committee could take their seats. What makes it clear, beyond all possibility of doubt, that his motive was not public spirit but the desire to shirk the campaign? His subsequent proceedings.
162. ἐπειδὴ δὲ πολιορκεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐν Ταμύναις στρατιώτας ἐξηγγέλλετο, καὶ πάντας ἐξιέναι τοὺς ὑπολοίπους ἱππέας, ὧν εἷς οὗτος ἦν, προεβούλευσεν ἡ βουλή, τηνικαῦτα φοβηθεὶς τὴν στρατείαν ταύτην εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἐκκλησίαν, πρὶν καὶ προέδρους καθέζεσθαι, παρελθὼν ἐπέδωκεν. τῷ δῆλον, ὥστε μηδʼ ἀντειπεῖν αὐτὸν ἔχειν, ὅτι τὴν στρατείαν φεύγων, οὐ φιλοτιμίᾳ, τοῦτʼ ἐποίησεν; τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα πραχθεῖσιν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ.
163. For in the first place, when it appeared, as the meeting proceeded and speeches were made, that the services of the cavalry were not now required, but that the proposed expedition had fallen through, he never set foot on the ship he had presented, but dispatched a resident alien, the Egyptian Pamphilus, while he himself stayed at home and behaved at the Dionysia in the way that is the matter of the present trial.
163. τὸ μὲν γὰρ πρῶτον, ὡς οὐκ ἐδόκει, προϊούσης τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ λόγων γιγνομένων, τῆς τῶν ἱππέων βοηθείας ἤδη δεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἀνεπεπτώκει τὰ τῆς ἐξόδου, οὐκ ἀνέβαινʼ ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ἣν ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέτοικον ἐξέπεμψε τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, Πάμφιλον, αὐτὸς δὲ μένων ἐνθάδε τοῖς Διονυσίοις διεπράττετο ταῦτʼ ἐφʼ οἷς νυνὶ κρίνεται·
164. Next, when the general, Phocion, summoned the cavalry from Argura to take their turn of service, and the trickery of Meidias was exposed, then this damnable coward quitted that post and hurried to his ship and never went out with the cavalry whom he claimed to command here at home. But if there had been any risk at sea, he would certainly have hastened to land.
164. ἐπειδὴ δʼ ὁ στρατηγὸς Φωκίων μετεπέμπετο τοὺς ἐξ Ἀργούρας ἱππέας ἐπὶ τὴν διαδοχὴν καὶ κατείληπτο σοφιζόμενος, τόθʼ ὁ δειλὸς καὶ κατάρατος οὑτοσὶ λιπὼν τὴν τάξιν ταύτην ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ᾤχετο, καὶ ὧν ἱππαρχεῖν ἠξίωσε παρʼ ὑμῖν ἱππέων, τούτοις οὐ συνεξῆλθεν. εἰ δʼ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ κίνδυνός τις ἦν, εἰς τὴν γῆν δῆλον ὅτι ᾤχετʼ ἄν.
165. Not so behaved Niceratus, the beloved son of Nicias, though he was himself physically an utter weakling. Not so behaved Euctemon, the son of Aesion, nor Euthydemus, the son of Stratocles. Each of these men had made the gift of a war-galley, yet did not run away from the campaign in this way. Each, as an act of grace and a free gift, supplied the State with a ship ready for sea, and where the law of the State assigned them their posts, there each insisted on giving his personal service.
165. οὐ μὴν Νικήρατός γʼ οὕτως ὁ τοῦ Νικίου, ὁ ἀγαπητός, ὁ ἄπαις, ὁ παντάπασιν ἀσθενὴς τῷ σώματι· οὐδʼ Εὐκτήμων ὁ τοῦ Αἰσίωνος, οὐχ οὕτως· οὐδʼ Εὐθύδημος ὁ τοῦ Στρατοκλέους· ἀλλʼ αὐτῶν ἕκαστος ἑκὼν ἐπιδοὺς τριήρη οὐκ ἀπέδρα ταύτῃ τὴν στρατείαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν [ἐπίδοσιν] ἐν χάριτος μέρει καὶ δωρειᾶς παρεῖχον πλέουσαν τῇ πόλει, οὗ δʼ ὁ νόμος προσέταττεν, ἐνταῦθα τοῖς σώμασιν αὐτοὶ λῃτουργεῖν ἠξίουν.
166. But not so our cavalry-officer Meidias. He deserted the post assigned him by the laws, and this, which is a punishable offence against the State, he is prepared to count as a meritorious service. Yet, good heavens! what name best befits such a trierarchy as his? Shall we call it patriotism, or tax-jobbing, two-per-cent-collecting, desertion, malingering, and everything of that sort? Unable in any other way to get himself exempt from service with the cavalry, Meidias has invented this new-fangled cavalry-collectorship. Another point.
166. ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὁ ἵππαρχος Μειδίας, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν νόμων τάξιν λιπών, οὗ δίκην ὀφείλει τῇ πόλει δοῦναι, τοῦτʼ ἐν εὐεργεσίας ἀριθμήσει μέρει. καίτοι τὴν τοιαύτην τριηραρχίαν, ὢ πρὸς θεῶν, πότερον τελωνίαν καὶ πεντηκοστὴν καὶ λιποτάξιον καὶ στρατείας ἀπόδρασιν καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦθʼ ἁρμόττει καλεῖν, ἢ φιλοτιμίαν; οὐδένα γὰρ τρόπον ἄλλον ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν αὑτὸν ἀτελῆ ποιῆσαι στρατείας δυνάμενος ταύτην εὕρηκε Μειδίας καινὴν ἱππικήν τινα πεντηκοστήν.
167. All the other donors of war-galleys convoyed you when you sailed back from Styra; Meidias alone took no part in the convoy, but, without a thought for you, he was bringing fences and cattle and door-posts for his own house and pit-props for his silver-mines, and so his command has proved, not a public service, but a lucrative job for this detestable creature. However, to prove to you the truth of my statements, though most of the facts are known to you, I will nevertheless call witnesses. The Witnesses “We, Cleon of Sunium, Aristocles of Paeania, Pamphilus, Niceratus of Acherdus, and Euctemon of Sphetta, on the occasion when we sailed home from Styra with the entire force, were commanders of triremes along with Meidias, who is now being prosecuted by Demosthenes, for whom we appear as witnesses.
167. καὶ γὰρ αὖ τοῦτο. τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων τῶν ἐπιδόντων τριηράρχων παραπεμπόντων ὑμᾶς ὅτε δεῦρʼ ἀπεπλεῖτʼ ἐκ Στύρων, μόνος οὗτος οὐ παρέπεμπεν, ἀλλʼ ἀμελήσας ὑμῶν χάρακας καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ θυρώμαθʼ ὡς αὑτὸν καὶ ξύλʼ εἰς τὰ ἔργα τὰ ἀργύρειʼ ἐκόμιζεν, καὶ χρηματισμός, οὐ λῃτουργία γέγονεν ἡ τριηραρχία τῷ καταπτύστῳ τούτῳ. ἀλλὰ μὴν ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω σύνιστε μὲν τὰ πολλὰ τούτων, ὅμως δὲ καὶ μάρτυρας ὑμῖν καλῶ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ Κλέων Σουνιεύς, Ἀριστοκλῆς Παιανιεύς, Πάμφιλος, Νικήρατος Ἀχερδούσιος, Εὐκτήμων Σφήττιος, καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν ἐκ Στύρων ἀπεπλέομεν δεῦρο τῷ στόλῳ παντί, ἐτύχομεν τριηραρχοῦντες καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ Μειδίας ὁ νῦν κρινόμενος ὑπὸ Δημοσθένους, ᾧ μαρτυροῦμεν.
168. When the whole fleet was sailing in formation and the commanders had instructions not to separate until we landed at Athens, Meidias lagged behind the fleet and loaded his ship with timber and fencing and cattle and other things, and sailed alone into Peiraeus two days later, and did not join with the other commanders in bringing the force to land.”
168. παντὸς δὲ τοῦ στόλου πλεόντων ἐν τάξει, καὶ τῶν τριηράρχων ἐχόντων παράγγελμα μὴ χωρίζεσθαι ἕως ἂν δεῦρο καταπλεύσωμεν, Μειδίας ὑπολειφθεὶς τοῦ στόλου, καὶ γεμίσας τὴν ναῦν ξύλων καὶ χαράκων καὶ βοσκημάτων καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν, κατέπλευσεν εἰς Πειραιᾶ μόνος μεθʼ ἡμέρας δύο, καὶ οὐ συγκατέστησε τὸν στόλον μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων τριηράρχων.
169. Now if, men of Athens, his public services and his conduct were really what he will presently in court allege and boast them to have been and not what I thus prove them to have been, even so surely he has no right, under cover of his services, to escape the punishment due to his insolent acts. For I know that there are many men who have done you great and useful service—though not after the style of Meidias! Some have won naval victories, others have captured cities, others have set up many glorious trophies to the credit of the State.
169. εἰ τοίνυν ὡς ἀληθῶς, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οἷάπερ φήσει καὶ καταλαζονεύσεται πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, τοιαῦτʼ ἦν αὐτῷ τὰ λελῃτουργημένα καὶ πεπραγμένα, καὶ μὴ τοιαῦθʼ οἷʼ ἐγὼ δεικνύω, οὐδʼ οὕτω δήπου τό γε δοῦναι δίκην ὧν ὕβρικεν ἐκφυγεῖν ταῖς λῃτουργίαις δίκαιος ἂν ἦν. ἐγὼ γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅτι πολλοὶ πολλὰ κἀγάθʼ ὑμᾶς εἰσιν εἰργασμένοι, οὐ κατὰ τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας, οἱ μὲν ναυμαχίας νενικηκότες, οἱ δὲ πόλεις εἰληφότες, οἱ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως στήσαντες τρόπαια·
170. But yet to not one of these men have you ever yet granted, nor are you likely to grant, this reward—licence for each one of them to oppress his private enemies whenever he likes and in whatever way he can. For not even Harmodius and Aristogeiton were so privileged, though indeed they received from you the highest rewards for the noblest services. You would never have tolerated it if any one had added this to the inscription on their monument, “And they shall be licensed to oppress whomsoever they will.” No, they received their other rewards for this very service, that they had restrained those who acted insolently.
170. ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὐδενὶ πώποτε τούτων δεδώκατε τὴν δωρειὰν ταύτην οὐδʼ ἂν δοίητε, ἐξεῖναι τοὺς ἰδίους ἐχθροὺς ὑβρίζειν αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ, ὁπότʼ ἂν βούληται καὶ ὃν ἂν δύνηται τρόπον. οὐδὲ γὰρ Ἁρμοδίῳ καὶ Ἀριστογείτονι· τούτοις γὰρ δὴ μέγισται δέδονται δωρειαὶ παρʼ ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ μεγίστων. οὐδʼ ἂν ἠνέσχεσθε, εἰ προσέγραψέ τις ἐν τῇ στήλῃ ἐξεῖναι δὲ καὶ ὑβρίζειν αὐτοῖς ὃν ἂν βούλωνται· ὑπὲρ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τούτου τὰς ἄλλας ἔλαβον δωρειάς, ὅτι τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ἔπαυσαν.
171. I now propose to show you, Athenians, that he has received from you a recompense adequate not only to the public services he has actually performed—for in that case it would be small indeed!—but even to the most distinguished services; so that you may not imagine that you are still in debt to this contemptible fellow. For it was you, men of Athens, who elected him—he being what he is—steward of the Paralus, and also commander of the cavalry, though he could not sit a horse in the processions through the market-place, and superintendent of the Mysteries, and sacrificer on one occasion, and buyer of the victims and all the rest of it.
171. ὅτι τοίνυν καὶ κεκόμισται χάριν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, παρʼ ὑμῶν, οὐ μόνον ὧν αὐτὸς λελῃτούργηκε λῃτουργιῶν ἀξίαν (μικρὰ γὰρ αὕτη γέ τις ἦν), ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν μεγίστων, καὶ τοῦτο βούλομαι δεῖξαι, ἵνα μηδʼ ὀφείλειν οἴησθέ τι τῷ καταπτύστῳ τούτῳ. ὑμεῖς γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐχειροτονήσατε τοῦτον τῆς Παράλου ταμίαν, ὄντα τοιοῦτον οἷός ἐστι, καὶ πάλιν ἵππαρχον, ὀχεῖσθαι διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ταῖς πομπαῖς οὐ δυνάμενον, καὶ μυστηρίων ἐπιμελητὴν καὶ ἱεροποιόν ποτε καὶ βοώνην, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα δή.
172. And then, that a man’s innate baseness and cowardice and wickedness should be redeemed by offices and honors and appointments from you—do you, in heaven’s name, regard that as a trivial gift and favour? Take away, indeed, his right to say, “I have been commander of the cavalry; I have been made steward of the Paralus,” and what else is he good for?
172. εἶτα πρὸς τῶν θεῶν τὸ τὴν τῆς φύσεως κακίαν καὶ ἀνανδρίαν καὶ πονηρίαν ταῖς παρʼ ὑμῶν ἀρχαῖς καὶ τιμαῖς καὶ χειροτονίαις ἐπανορθοῦσθαι μικρὰν ὑπολαμβάνετʼ εἶναι δωρειὰν καὶ χάριν; καὶ μὴν εἴ τις αὐτοῦ ταῦτʼ ἀφέλοιτο ἱππάρχηκα, τῆς Παράλου ταμίας γέγονα, τίνος ἔστʼ ἄξιος οὗτος;
173. But at any rate you know this, that when he had been made steward of the Paralus, he plundered the people of Cyzicus of more than five talents, and to avoid punishment he worried and harassed the wretches in every possible way, and by making chaos of the treaties he has alienated their state from ours, while he keeps the money himself. Since he was appointed its commander, he has ruined your cavalry force, getting laws passed which he afterwards disowned.
173. ἀλλὰ μὴν κἀκεῖνό γʼ ἐπίστασθε, ὅτι τῆς μὲν Παράλου ταμιεύσας Κυζικηνῶν ἥρπασε πλεῖν ἢ πέντε τάλαντα, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἵνα μὴ δῷ δίκην, πάντα τρόπον περιωθῶν καὶ ἐλαύνων τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τὰ σύμβολα συγχέων τὴν μὲν πόλιν ἐχθρὰν τῇ πόλει πεποίηκεν, τὰ χρήματα δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχει· ἵππαρχος δὲ χειροτονηθεὶς λελύμανται τὸ ἱππικὸν ὑμῶν, τοιούτους θεὶς νόμους οὓς πάλιν αὐτὸς ἔξαρνος ἦν μὴ τεθεικέναι.
174. When he was steward of the Paralus at the time of your expedition to Euboea against the Thebans, though he was authorized to expend twelve talents of public money and was instructed by you to sail and convoy the troops, he rendered them no assistance and did not arrive until Diocles had already concluded his truce with the Thebans; moreover he was outstripped by one of the privately owned galleys. That shows you how well he had equipped your sacred galley. Then as cavalry-commander-I do not know what you think of his other performances, but this wealthy fine gentleman did not venture to buy a horse—not even a horse! He led the processions on one borrowed from Philomelus of Paeania, and every cavalryman knows it. Please call the witnesses to prove the truth of these statements also. [The Witnesses] Now I propose, men of Athens, to name those who have been condemned by you, after an adverse vote of the Assembly, for violating the festival, and to explain what some of them had done to incur your anger, so that you may compare their guilt with that of Meidias.
174. καὶ τῆς μὲν Παράλου ταμιεύων τότε, ὅτε τὴν ἐπὶ Θηβαίους ἔξοδον εἰς Εὔβοιαν ἐποιεῖσθʼ ὑμεῖς, δώδεκα τῆς πόλεως τάλαντʼ ἀναλίσκειν ταχθείς, ἀξιούντων ὑμῶν πλεῖν καὶ παραπέμπειν τοὺς στρατιώτας οὐκ ἐβοήθησεν, ἀλλʼ ἤδη τῶν σπονδῶν γεγονυιῶν, ἃς Διοκλῆς ἐσπείσατο Θηβαίοις, ἧκεν. καὶ τόθʼ ἡττᾶτο πλέων τῶν ἰδιωτικῶν τριήρων μιᾶς· οὕτως εὖ τὴν ἱερὰν τριήρη παρεσκευάκει. ἱππαρχῶν τοίνυν, τί οἴεσθε τἄλλα; ἀλλʼ ἵππον, ἵππον οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ πλούσιος οὗτος πρίασθαι, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίου τὰς πομπὰς ἡγεῖτο, τοῦ Φιλομήλου τοῦ Παιανιέως ἵππου· καὶ ταῦτα πάντες ἴσασιν οἱ ἱππεῖς. καὶ ὅτι ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι καὶ τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ βούλομαι τοίνυν ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ὅσων ἤδη καταχειροτονήσαντος τοῦ δήμου περὶ τὴν ἑορτὴν ἀδικεῖν ὑμεῖς κατεγνώκατε, εἰπεῖν, καὶ δεῖξαι τί πεποιηκότες αὐτῶν ἔνιοι τίνος ὀργῆς τετυχήκασι παρʼ ὑμῶν, ἵνα ταῦτα πρὸς τὰ τούτῳ πεπραγμένʼ ἀντιθῆτε.
175. First of all then, to begin with the most recent condemnation, the Assembly gave its verdict against Euandrus of Thespiae for profanation of the Mysteries on the charge of Menippus, a fellow from Caria. The law concerning the Mysteries is identical with that concerning the Dionysia, and it was enacted later.
175. πρῶτον μὲν τοίνυν, ἵνα πρώτης τῆς τελευταίας γεγονυίας μνησθῶ καταγνώσεως, περὶ τὰ μυστήριʼ ἀδικεῖν Εὐάνδρου κατεχειροτόνησεν ὁ δῆμος τοῦ Θεσπιῶς, προβαλλομένου αὐτὸν Μενίππου, Καρός τινος ἀνθρώπου. ἔστι δʼ ὁ αὐτὸς νόμος τῷδε τῷ περὶ τῶν Διονυσίων ὁ περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων, κἀκεῖνος ὕστερος τοῦδʼ ἐτέθη.
176. Well, Athenians, what had Euandrus done to deserve your condemnation? He had won a commercial suit against Menippus, but being, as he alleged, unable to catch him sooner, he had arrested him while he was staying here for the Mysteries. You condemned him for that alone, and there were no aggravating circumstances. When he came before the court, you were inclined to punish him with death, and when his accuser was induced to relent, you compelled Euandrus to refund the damages, amounting to two talents, which he had won in the former action, and you also made him compensate the fellow for the loss that he had sustained, on his own calculation, by staying here in deference to your preliminary verdict.
176. τί οὖν ποιήσαντος, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κατεχειροτονήσατε τοῦ Εὐάνδρου; τοῦτʼ ἀκούσατε. ὅτι δίκην ἐμπορικὴν καταδικασάμενος τοῦ Μενίππου, οὐκ ἔχων πρότερον λαβεῖν αὐτόν, ὡς ἔφη, τοῖς μυστηρίοις ἐπιδημοῦντος ἐπελάβετο. κατεχειροτονήσατε μὲν διὰ ταῦτα, καὶ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἄλλο προσῆν, εἰσελθόντα δʼ εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον ἐβούλεσθε μὲν θανάτῳ κολάσαι, τοῦ δὲ προβαλλομένου πεισθέντος τὴν δίκην τε πᾶσαν ἀφεῖναι ἠναγκάσατʼ αὐτόν, ἣν ᾑρήκει πρότερον (ἦν δὲ δυοῖν αὕτη ταλάντοιν), καὶ προσετιμήσατε τὰς βλάβας, ἃς ἐπὶ τῇ χειροτονίᾳ μένων ἐλογίζεθʼ αὑτῷ γεγενῆσθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἅνθρωπος.
177. There you have one case of a man, in a merely private matter, with no added circumstances of insolence, paying so heavy a penalty for a breach of the law. With good reason; because that is what you are here to guard—the laws and your oath. That is what you who serve on any jury hold as a trust from the rest of the citizens, a trust which must be maintained inviolate in the interests of all who appeal to you with justice on their side.
177. εἷς μὲν οὗτος ἐξ ἰδίου πράγματος, οὐδεμιᾶς ὕβρεως προσούσης, ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ παραβῆναι τὸν νόμον τοσαύτην ἔδωκε δίκην. εἰκότως· τοῦτο γάρ ἐσθʼ ὃ φυλάττειν ὑμᾶς δεῖ, τοὺς νόμους, τὸν ὅρκον· ταῦτʼ ἔχεθʼ ὑμεῖς οἱ δικάζοντες ἀεὶ παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων ὡσπερεὶ παρακαταθήκην, ἣν ἅπασιν, ὅσοι μετὰ τοῦ δικαίου πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔρχονται, σῶν ὑπάρχειν δεῖ.
178. There was another man who in your opinion had profaned the Dionysia, and although he was actually sitting as assessor to his son, who was Archon, you condemned him, because in ejecting from the theater a man who was taking a wrong seat, he laid a hand on him. That man was the father of the highly respected Charicleides, at that time archon.
178. ἕτερος ἀδικεῖν ποτʼ ἔδοξεν ὑμῖν περὶ τὰ Διονύσια, καὶ κατεχειροτονήσατʼ αὐτοῦ παρεδρεύοντος ἄρχοντι τῷ υἱεῖ, ὅτι θέαν τινὸς καταλαμβάνοντος ἥψατο, ἐξείργων ἐκ τοῦ θεάτρου· ἦν δʼ οὗτος ὁ τοῦ βελτίστου πατὴρ Χαρικλείδου, τοῦ ἄρξαντος.
179. Yes, and you thought that his accuser had a strong case when he said, “If I was taking a wrong seat, fellow, if as you assert I was disregarding the notices, what authority do the laws confer on you or even on the archon himself? The authority to bid the attendants remove me, but not to strike me yourself. If I still refuse to go, you may impose a fine; anything rather than touch me with your own hand; for the laws have taken every precaution to save a citizen from being insulted in his own person.” That was his argument. You gave your votes, but the accuser died before he could bring the case before a jury.
179. καὶ μέγα γʼ ὑμῖν τοῦτʼ ἐδόκει δίκαιον ἔχειν ὁ προβαλλόμενος λέγειν, εἰ κατελάμβανον, ἄνθρωπε, θέαν, εἰ μὴ τοῖς κηρύγμασιν, ὡς σύ με φῄς, ἐπειθόμην, τίνος ἐκ τῶν νόμων εἶ κύριος, καὶ ὁ ἄρχων αὐτός; τοῖς ὑπηρέταις ἐξείργειν εἰπεῖν, οὐκ αὐτὸς τύπτειν. οὐδʼ οὕτω πείθομαι· ἐπιβολὴν ἐπιβαλεῖν, πάντα μᾶλλον πλὴν αὐτὸς ἅψασθαι τῇ χειρί· πολλὰ γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ μὴ τὸ σῶμʼ ἕκαστον ὑβρίζεσθαι πεποιήκασιν οἱ νόμοι. ταῦτʼ ἔλεγεν μὲν ἐκεῖνος, ἐχειροτονήσατε δʼ ὑμεῖς· οὐ μὴν εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον οὗτος, ἀλλʼ ἐτελεύτησεν πρότερον.
180. Then another man, Ctesicles, was unanimously condemned by the Assembly for profaning the festival, and when he came before you, you sentenced him to death, because he carried a leathern lash in the procession and, being drunk, struck with it a personal enemy of his. It was thought that insolence, not drink, prompted the stroke, and that he seized the excuse of the procession and his own drunkenness to commit the offence of treating freemen like slaves.
180. ἑτέρου τοίνυν ὅ τε δῆμος ἅπας κατεχειροτόνησʼ ἀδικεῖν περὶ τὴν ἑορτήν, καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰσελθόντʼ ἀπεκτείνατε τοῦτον, Κτησικλέα, ὅτι σκῦτος ἔχων ἐπόμπευε, καὶ τούτῳ μεθύων ἐπάταξέ τινʼ ἐχθρὸν ὑπάρχονθʼ ἑαυτῷ· ἐδόκει γὰρ ὕβρει καὶ οὐκ οἴνῳ τύπτειν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς πομπῆς καὶ τοῦ μεθύειν πρόφασιν λαβὼν ἀδικεῖν, ὡς δούλοις χρώμενος τοῖς ἐλευθέροις.