1. I invoke many blessings, men of the jury, first upon all of you, and then also upon Solon, who established the law about the exchange of estates. For if he had not clearly defined for us what is the first thing to be done by those who have offered an exchange, and what the second, and so on in due order, I do not know to what lengths the audacity of this man Phaenippus would have gone, when even as it is, notwithstanding that the law prescribes all these things for us, he has nevertheless disregarded its just provisions, and instead of giving me the inventory of his property as the law prescribes within three days after he took the oath, or if he did not wish to do so then, giving it at least on the sixth day of the month Boedromion, which date was fixed upon at his request, and on which he promised to deliver the inventory, he did neither the one thing nor the other, but, showing contempt both for me and for the law, he has delivered his inventory a month later, only two or three days before the case was brought into court, and all the rest of the time has kept himself out of sight; and instead of leaving untouched the seals which I had put upon the buildings, he went into the country, opened the buildings, and carried off the barley and other things, just as if the law had granted him the privilege of doing whatever he pleases, and not what is right.
1. πολλὰ κἀγαθὰ γένοιτο, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρῶτον μὲν ὑμῖν ἅπασιν, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ Σόλωνι τῷ νομοθετήσαντι τὸν περὶ τῶν ἀντιδόσεων νόμον. εἰ μὴ γὰρ οὗτος ἡμῖν σαφῶς διώρισεν, τί πρῶτον δεῖ ποιεῖν τοὺς ἀντιδεδωκότας καὶ τί δεύτερον καὶ τἄλλα δʼ ἐφεξῆς, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅποι προῆλθεν ἂν ἡ τουτουὶ Φαινίππου τόλμα, ὅπου γε καὶ νῦν ἅπαντα ταῦτα προλέγοντος ἡμῖν τοῦ νόμου, ὅμως οὐδὲν φροντίσας τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ γεγραμμένων δικαίων, ἀντὶ μὲν τοῦ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀφʼ ἧς ὤμοσε τὴν ἀπόφασιν δοῦναί μοι τῆς οὐσίας τῆς αὑτοῦ κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ἢ εἰ μὴ τότʼ ἐβούλετο, τῇ γʼ ἕκτῃ ⟨φθίνοντος⟩ δοῦναι τοῦ βοηδρομιῶνος μηνός, ἣν δεηθείς μου ἔθετο καὶ ἐν ᾗ ὡμολόγησε δώσειν τὴν ἀπόφασιν, οὐδέτερα τούτων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ καταφρονήσας ἀμφοτέρων, καὶ ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ νόμου, δευτέρῳ μηνὶ ἔδωκεν, δυοῖν ἢ τρισὶν ἡμέραις πρότερον τῆς εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον εἰσόδου, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον ἅπαντʼ ἐκποδὼν ἦν χρόνον· ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ τὰ σημεῖα ἐᾶν τῶν οἰκημάτων ἃ παρεσημηνάμην, ἐλθὼν εἰς ἀγρὸν ἀνέῳξε καὶ τὰς κριθὰς ἐξεφόρησεν καὶ τἄλλα, ὥσπερ ἐξουσίαν δεδωκότος αὐτῷ τοῦ νόμου ποιεῖν ὅ τι ἂν βούληται καὶ μὴ ὡς δίκαιόν ἐστιν.
3. For my part, men of the jury, I should be most happy to see myself enjoying the material prosperity which was mine before, and remaining in the group of the Three Hundred, but since, partly through having to share in the misfortunes common to all those who are engaged in mining works, and partly through having met heavy reverses in my private business, I have lost my estate, and now at the last must pay three talents to the state, a talent for each share (for I too was a partner, as I wish I had not been, in the confiscated mine), I am compelled to try to substitute in my place a man who is not only richer than I am now, but was richer even before my losses, and who has never borne any state services, nor made any contribution to the state.
3. ἐγὼ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἥδιστα μὲν ἂν ἐμαυτὸν εἶδον εὐτυχοῦντα ὥσπερ πρότερον τῇ οὐσίᾳ καὶ μένοντα ἐν τοῖς τριακοσίοις· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰ μὲν τῆς κοινῆς ἀτυχίας μετασχὼν τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις, τὰ δʼ ἰδίᾳ μεγάλαις περιπεπτωκὼς ζημίαις ἀπολώλεκα τὴν οὐσίαν, καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον νυνί με δεῖ τῇ πόλει τρία τάλαντα καταθεῖναι, τάλαντον κατὰ τὴν μερίδα (μετέσχον γάρ, ὡς μή ποτʼ ὤφελον, κἀγὼ τοῦ δημευθέντος μετάλλου), ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν τάξιν πειρᾶσθαι καθιστάναι τὸν οὐ μόνον ἐμοῦ νῦν ὄντα πλουσιώτερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρότερον, καὶ οὐδεπώποτʼ οὐδὲν λελῃτουργηκότα ὑμῖν οὐδʼ εἰσενηνοχότα τῇ πόλει.
4. I therefore beg of you all, men of the jury, that, if I prove that Phaenippus here has both transgressed the just provisions of the law and is a richer man than myself, you will succor me, and appoint him in the list of the Three Hundred in my stead; for it is on this account that the laws every year provide for the tendering of exchanges, because to enjoy unbroken prosperity is not wont to be the permanent fortune of any large number of our citizens. But I will tell you all that has been done regarding the exchange from the very beginning.
4. δέομαι οὖν ὑμῶν ἁπάντων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐὰν ἐπιδεικνύω Φαίνιππον τουτονὶ καὶ παραβεβηκότα τὰ ἐν τοῖς νόμοις δίκαια καὶ πλουσιώτερον ὄντα ἐμαυτοῦ, βοηθῆσαί μοι καὶ τοῦτον εἰς τοὺς τριακοσίους ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ καταστῆσαι· διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ οἱ νόμοι καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔτος ποιοῦσιν τὰς ἀντιδόσεις, ὅτι τὸ διευτυχεῖν συνεχῶς τῇ οὐσίᾳ οὐ πολλοῖς τῶν πολιτῶν διαμένειν εἴθισται. ἐξ ἀρχῆς δʼ ὑμῖν τὰ γενόμενα περὶ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν διηγήσομαι.
5. On the second day of the month Metageitnion, men of the jury, the generals appointed a court for the Three Hundred for the tendering of exchanges. Among these I cited this man Phaenippus as the law provides. After citing him, I took some of my friends and relatives, and proceeded to his outlying farm at Cytherus. And first I led them around the farm, the circuit of which was more than forty stades, and pointed out to them, and called them to witness in the presence of Phaenippus, that there were no mortgage-pillars on the farm, and I bade Phaenippus, if he said there were, to declare it at once and point them out to me, for fear some debt existing against the property might be brought to light later on.
5. τοῦ γὰρ μεταγειτνιῶνος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἱσταμένου ἐποίουν οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῖς τριακοσίοις τὰς ἀντιδόσεις. ἐν ταύταις ἐκάλεσα κατὰ τὸν νόμον Φαίνιππον τουτονί. καλέσας δὲ καὶ παραλαβὼν τῶν οἰκείων τινὰς καὶ φίλων, ἐπορευόμην Κύθηρόνδε εἰς τὴν ἐσχατιὰν αὐτοῦ. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν περιαγαγὼν τὴν ἐσχατιὰν πλέον ἢ σταδίων οὖσαν τετταράκοντα κύκλῳ, ἔδειξα καὶ διεμαρτυράμην ἐναντίον Φαινίππου, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ὅρος ἔπεστιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσχατιᾷ· εἰ δέ φησιν, εἰπεῖν ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἤδη καὶ δεῖξαι, ὅπως μὴ ὕστερον ἐνταῦθα χρέως γενόμενον [ἐπὶ τῷ χωρίῳ] ἀναφανήσεται.
6. Then I sealed the buildings, and bade Phaenippus to proceed to my property. After this I asked him where his threshed grain was, for by the gods and goddesses, men of the jury, there were two threshing-floors there, each one of nearly a plethron in extent. He answered me that some of the grain had been sold, and that some was stored within.
6. ἔπειτα παρεσημηνάμην τὰ οἰκήματα, καὶ τοῦτον ἐκέλευον εἰς τἀμὰ βαδίζειν. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἠρόμην ὅπου ὁ σῖτος εἴη ὁ ἀπηλοημένος· ἦσαν γὰρ νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ τὰς θεάς, ἄνδρες δικασταί, δύο ἅλως αὐτόθι, μικροῦ πλέθρου ἑκατέρα. ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατό μοι, ὅτι ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος εἴη τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δʼ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος.
7. Finally, to make a long story short, I stationed men inside to keep watch, and by Zeus I gave strict orders to the ass-drivers and made them stop carrying off timber from the farm (for in addition to the rest of his property Phaenippus has also this very considerable source of revenue: six asses carry off wood the whole year through, and he receives more than twelve drachmae a day). I forbade the ass-drivers, as I said, to touch the wood, and after giving notice to Phaenippus to attend the sacrifice, as the law commands, I went back to the city.
7. τέλος δέ, ἵνα μὴ μακρολογῶ, καταστήσας φυλάττειν ἔνδον τινάς, καὶ νὴ Δίʼ ἀπειπὼν καὶ κωλύσας τοὺς ὀνηλάτας μὴ ἐξάγειν τὴν ὕλην ἐκ τῆς ἐσχατιᾶς (πρὸς γὰρ τῇ ἄλλῃ οὐσίᾳ τῇ Φαινίππου, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ αὕτη πρόσοδος μεγάλη ἐστὶν αὐτῷ· ἓξ ὄνοι διʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ ὑλαγωγοῦσιν, καὶ λαμβάνει οὗτος πλέον ἢ δώδεκα δραχμὰς τῆς ἡμέρας) τούτοις ἀπειπών, ὥσπερ λέγω, τῆς ὕλης μὴ ἅπτεσθαι, καὶ ἐπαγγείλας ἐπὶ τὰ ἱερὰ Φαινίππῳ κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀπαντᾶν, ᾠχόμην ἀπιὼν εἰς ἄστυ.
8. First, now, I will produce for you the depositions substantiating what I have said, and then you shall hear the entire truth about the other aspects of the case. For you will find, men of the jury, that this fellow Phaenippus began from the very first day to act in utter disregard of right. I sealed the buildings, as the law permitted me; he opened them. And he acknowledges that he removed the seal, but does not acknowledge that he opened the door, as if men removed the seals for any other purpose than to open the doors.
8. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τῶν εἰρημένων τὰς μαρτυρίας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι, ἔπειτα καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀκούσεσθε πάσας τὰς ἀληθείας· τουτονὶ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, Φαίνιππον εὑρήσετʼ εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἀρξάμενον τοῦ μηδὲν δίκαιον ποιεῖν. παρεσημηνάμην τὰ οἰκήματα, τοῦ νόμου μοι δεδωκότος· οὗτος ἀνέῳξεν. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἀφελεῖν τὸ σημεῖον ὁμολογεῖ, τὸ δʼ ἀνοῖξαι τὴν θύραν οὐχ ὁμολογεῖ, ὥσπερ ἄλλου τινὸς ἕνεκα τὰ σημεῖα ἀφαιροῦντας ἢ τοῦ τὰς θύρας ἀνοῖξαι.
9. Then I had forbidden that wood should be carried off; he carried it off every day except that on which I issued the order. There was no debt charged against the farm; he now reports a number of debts. In a word, he does just what he pleases, not what the laws bid him do. (To the clerk.) Read the depositions, first those concerning the mine, and then the others as well. The Depositions The wrongs, therefore, which Phaenippus began to do to me beginning with the very first day after the tendering of the exchanges, you have heard, men of Athens, both from myself and from the witnesses; but the things which he did after this have been offences, not against me only, but also against the laws, to the defence of which you are all bound to rally.
9. ἔπειτʼ ἀπεῖπον τὴν ὕλην μὴ ἐξάγειν· ἐξῆγεν οὗτος ἁπάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, πλὴν ἐκείνης ἐν ᾗ ἐγὼ ἀπεῖπον. χρέως οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ὠφείλετʼ ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσχατιᾷ· νῦν οὗτος ἀποφαίνει πολλά. ἁπλῶς ποιεῖ ὅ τι ἂν βούληται, οὐχ ὅ τι οἱ νόμοι κελεύουσιν. λέγε τὰς μαρτυρίας, πρῶτον μὲν τὰς περὶ τοῦ μετάλλου, ἔπειτα καὶ τὰς ἄλλας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. ἃ μὲν τοίνυν εὐθὺς τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ μετὰ τὰς ἀντιδόσεις ἤρξατό με Φαίνιππος ἀδικεῖν, ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῶν μαρτύρων. τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα γεγενημένα οὐκέτι εἰς ἐμὲ μόνον αὐτῷ ἡμάρτηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τοὺς νόμους, ὑπὲρ ὧν ὑμῖν ἅπασι σπουδαστέον ἐστίν.
11. For although he had sworn on the eleventh of the month Boedromion to give me a true and just inventory of his property, and the law expressly declares that the inventory shall be given within three days after one takes the oath, he came up to me in front of the courtrooms with Polyeuctus of Crioa and some others, and begged me, first to have a conference with him regarding a settlement, assuring me that he would do everything that was right; and, secondly, to put off the declaration regarding the property for a few days only (for he said he understood my position).
11. ὀμόσας γὰρ τῇ ἑνδεκάτῃ τοῦ βοηδρομιῶνος μηνὸς ἀποφανεῖν ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως τὴν οὐσίαν, καὶ τοῦ νόμου διαρρήδην λέγοντος τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὀμόσῃ διδόναι τὴν ἀπόφασιν, ἐδεῖτό μου προσελθὼν πρόσθε τῶν δικαστηρίων μετὰ Πολυεύκτου τοῦ Κριωέως καὶ ἑτέρων τινῶν, πρῶτον μὲν περὶ διαλύσεως συνελθεῖν αὑτῷ· πάντα γάρ μοι τὰ δίκαια ποιήσειν· ἔπειτα τὴν ἀπόφασιν τῆς οὐσίας ἀναβαλέσθαι μὴ πολλὰς ἡμέρας· οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖν μου τὰ πράγματα.
12. I, on my part, thinking it was becoming to a good citizen who wished to avoid quarrels not to rush headlong into court, was persuaded (for why should I multiply words?) to consent that the conference regarding a settlement should take place on the twenty-third of the month Boedromion, and the declaration regarding the property on the twenty-fifth. Yet, although he had obtained both his requests from me, Phaenippus did not present himself on either of these days; instead, he now appears before you as one who has transgressed two laws instead of one;—first, that which declares that the inventory shall be presented within three days after that on which one takes the oath, and, secondly, that which declares that mutual covenants, agreed upon in the presence of witnesses, shall be binding.
12. ἡγησάμενος δʼ ἐγὼ καὶ μετρίου καὶ ἀπράγμονος εἶναι πολίτου μὴ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον βαδίζειν, ἐπείσθην (τί γὰρ δεῖ μακρολογεῖν;) τὴν μὲν σύνοδον τὴν περὶ τῶν διαλύσεων τῇ ὀγδόῃ φθίνοντος τοῦ βοηδρομιῶνος μηνὸς ὁμολογῆσαι ποιήσασθαι, τὴν δὲ ἀπόφασιν τῆς οὐσίας τῇ ἕκτῃ φθίνοντος. τυχὼν δὲ τούτων ἀμφοτέρων παρʼ ἐμοῦ Φαίνιππος οὐδʼ εἰς ἑτέραν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀπήντησεν· ἀλλʼ ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς δύο νόμους ἥκει πρὸς ὑμᾶς παραβεβηκώς, ἕνα μὲν τὸν κελεύοντα τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὀμόσῃ τὴν οὐσίαν ἀποφαίνειν, ἕτερον δὲ τὸν κελεύοντα κυρίας εἶναι τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμολογίας, ἃς ἂν ἐναντίον ποιήσωνται μαρτύρων.
13. Yet, men of the jury, who among you does not know that the day fixed by law and that agreed upon by the contending parties are equally binding? Why, very often, although the thirtieth day is appointed by law, we fix upon another by mutual agreement; and in all the offices the magistrates put off trials and judgements for the contestants, when these have come to a mutual agreement; and if anyone should hold that the agreement thus entered upon was to be of no effect, you would despise him as a cheat without equal.
13. καίτοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὁμοίως ἥ τε ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γεγραμμένη κυρία ἐστὶν ἡμέρα καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιδίκων συγχωρηθεῖσα; πολλάκις γὰρ ἔν τε τοῖς νόμοις γεγραμμένης τριακοστῆς ἡμέρας ἑτέραν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς συγχωρήσαντες ἐθέμεθα, παρά τε ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ἁπάσαις καὶ δίκας καὶ κρίσεις ἀναβάλλονται τοῖς ἀντιδίκοις οἱ ἄρχοντες συγχωρησάντων ἐκείνων ἀλλήλοις· ὧν εἴ τις ἄκυρον ἡγήσαιτο δεῖν εἶναι τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμολογίαν, μισήσαιτʼ ἂν αὐτὸν ὡς ὑπερβάλλοντα συκοφαντίᾳ.
14. Well then, Phaenippus, just as though the law enjoined that one should do nothing that one had agreed to, from the day on which he promised to meet me for a settlement and to give me an inventory of his property and receive from me one of mine, never put in an appearance; but I, when I saw that he was paying no heed to me or to the laws, gave in my inventory at the office of the generals, whereas Phaenippus, as I said a moment ago, gave me a paper only the other day with no other purpose than that he might appear to have given me his inventory, but that I should be unable to make any use of its contents.
14. Φαίνιππος τοίνυν, ὥσπερ τοῦ νόμου προστάττοντος μηδὲν ποιεῖν ὧν ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ τις, ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀφʼ ἧς ὡμολόγησεν ἐπί τε τὰς διαλύσεις ἀπαντήσεσθαι καὶ τὴν ἀπόφασίν μοι τὴν αὑτοῦ δώσειν καὶ τὴν παρʼ ἐμοῦ λήψεσθαι, οὐδεπώποτʼ ἀπήντησεν· ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ μὲν ἐπειδὴ τοῦτον ἑώρων οὐ προσέχοντά μοι τὸν νοῦν οὐδὲ τοῖς νόμοις, εἰς τὸ στρατήγιον ἔδωκα τὴν ἀπόφασιν, οὗτος δέ, ὅπερ καὶ μικρῷ πρότερον εἶπον, πρῴην ἔδωκέ μοι βιβλίον, οὐδὲν ἄλλο βουλόμενος ἢ δοκεῖν μὲν δεδωκέναι τὴν ἀπόφασιν, μὴ ἔχειν δέ με τοῖς ἐν αὐτῷ γεγραμμένοις ὅ τι χρήσομαι.
15. But, men of the jury, you should not grant more than their due to those who hold their own shamelessness to be stronger than the laws; if you do, you will multiply the numbers of those who mock at the just provisions of the laws. No; you should succor those who regard the voice of the laws as your voice, and the day appointed for coming into court as established in the interest of those who have been wronged, not of those who have done wrong.
15. χρὴ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, μὴ τοῖς ἰσχυροτέραν νομίζουσι τῶν νόμων τὴν αὑτῶν βδελυρίαν εἶναι, πλέον τούτοις τοῦ δικαίου νέμειν (εἰ δὲ μή, πολλοὺς ποιήσετε τοὺς καταγελῶντας τῶν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις δικαίων γεγραμμένων), ἀλλʼ ἐκείνοις βοηθεῖν, οἵτινες ἂν τὴν τῶν νόμων φωνὴν ὑμετέραν εἶναι νομίζωσι, καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην, τὴν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἠδικημένων εἶναι [νομίζωσιν], μὴ τῶν ἠδικηκότων.
16. (To the clerk.) Read the depositions in support of what I have just said, and the laws. The Depositions. The Laws Having, then, been thus treated by Phaenippus, men of the jury, I reported to the generals the following inventory of my property. Read. The Inventory How else, then, in the name of the gods and divinities, men of the jury, should one prove that Phaenippus is liable under the laws which have been read, than precisely in the way in which I am proving it?
16. λέγε τῶν ἀρτίως εἰρημένων τὰς μαρτυρίας καὶ τοὺς νόμους. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. ΝΟΜΟΙ. τοιαῦτα τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πεπονθὼς ἐγὼ ὑπὸ Φαινίππου ἀπεγραψάμην πρὸς τοὺς στρατηγοὺς ταύτην τὴν [ἀπο]γραφήν. λέγε. [ΑΠΟ]ΓΡΑΦΗ.
17. Yet Phaenippus has none the less brought a counter-charge against me that I am not rendering a just inventory of my property; so easy is it for men of his stamp to make false statements before you; and he complains of the oath which I took before filing the inventory, asserting that I undertook to report all the rest of my property except that in the mining-works;—as if to swear according to law were a matter for complaint!
17. πῶς οὖν ἄλλως πρὸς τῶν θεῶν καὶ δαιμόνων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐπιδεικνύειν ὑμῖν δεῖ Φαίνιππον ἔνοχον ὄντα τοῖς ἀνεγνωσμένοις ἢ ὅνπερ τρόπον ἐγὼ νῦν ἐπιδεικνύω; ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἐμὲ ἀντεγράψατο Φαίνιππος μὴ δικαίως ἀποφαίνειν τὴν οὐσίαν· οὕτω τὸ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ψεύδεσθαι τοῖς τοιούτοις ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν· καὶ κατηγορεῖ τοῦ ὅρκου ὃν ὤμοσα πρὸ τῆς ἀποφάσεως, λέγων ὅτι πλὴν τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ὑπεσχόμην ἀποφαίνειν τὴν ἄλλην οὐσίαν, ὥσπερ τὸ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ὀμνύειν, τοῦτʼ ἄξιον κατηγορίας ὄν.
18. But you know the law, men of the jury, for you enacted it, that which expressly makes this provision, that those tendering exchanges to one another, when they under oath report their inventories, shall swear also the following oath: “I will give a true and honest inventory of my property except that in the silver mines, all of which the laws have made exempt from taxes.”
18. ὑμεῖς δʼ ἴστε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί (ὑμεῖς γὰρ ἔθεσθε) τὸν νόμον, ὃς διαρρήδην οὕτω λέγει, τοὺς δʼ ἀντιδιδόντας ἀλλήλοις, ὅταν ὀμόσαντες ἀποφαίνωσι τὴν οὐσίαν, προσομνύειν τόνδε τὸν ὅρκον ἀποφαίνω τὴν οὐσίαν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως, πλὴν τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀργυρείοις, ὅσα οἱ νόμοι ἀτελῆ πεποιήκασι.
19. But, rather, read the law itself. Yet, stop a moment, please. For I made this offer before to Phaenippus, and now again, men of the jury, I tender it freely:—I will surrender to him all my property including that in the mining works, if he will hand over to me the farm alone free from all encumbrances as it was when I first went to it with witnesses, and will replace as they were before the grain and wine and the other things which he has carried away from the buildings after removing the seals from the doors.
19. μᾶλλον δὲ λέγε τὸν νόμον αὐτόν. μικρὸν μὲν οὖν ἱκετεύω ἐπίσχες. ἐγὼ γὰρ καὶ πρότερον προὐκαλεσάμην Φαίνιππον, καὶ νῦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δίδωμι αὐτῷ δωρεὰν καὶ ἀφίσταμαι μετὰ τῆς ἄλλης οὐσίας καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις, ἐάν μοι τὴν ἐσχατιὰν μόνην ἐλευθέραν παραδῷ, ὥσπερ ἦν ὅτʼ ἐγὼ τὸ πρῶτον ἦλθον εἰς αὐτὴν μετὰ μαρτύρων, καὶ ἐάν, ὃν ἐξῆχεν ἐκ τῶν οἰκημάτων σῖτον καὶ οἶνον καὶ τἄλλα, ἀφελὼν ἀπὸ τῶν θυρῶν τὰ σημεῖα, ταῦτα πάλιν εἰς ταὐτὸ καταστήσῃ.
20. Why, pray, do you keep on talking and crying out? From my silver mines, Phaenippus, I formerly by my own bodily toil and labor reaped a large profit. I confess it. But now I have lost all but a small portion of my gains. You, on the contrary, since you sell from your farm your barley at a price of eighteen drachmae and your wine at a price of twelve, are a rich man, naturally, for you make more than a thousand medimni of grain and above eight hundred measures of wine.
20. καὶ τί λέγεις ἔτι καὶ βοᾷς; πόλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἔργων τῶν ἀργυρείων ἐγώ, Φαίνιππε, πρότερον αὐτὸς τῷ ἐμαυτοῦ σώματι πονῶν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος συνελεξάμην· ὁμολογῶ. νυνὶ δὲ πλὴν ὀλίγων ἅπαντʼ ἀπολώλεκα. σὺ δʼ ἐκ τῆς ἐσχατιᾶς νῦν πωλῶν τὰς κριθὰς ὀκτωκαιδεκαδράχμους καὶ τὸν οἶνον δωδεκάδραχμον πλουτεῖς εἰκότως, ἐπειδὰν ποιῇς σίτου μὲν μεδίμνους πλέον ἢ χιλίους, οἴνου δὲ μετρήτας ὑπὲρ ὀκτακοσίους.
21. Ought I, then, to continue in the same class, when the same fortune does not attend me now as formerly? Do not demand that; it would not be just. No; do you also take your turn and share for a little while in the class that performs public services, since those engaged in mining have suffered reverses while you farmers are prospering beyond what is your due. For a considerable time you have enjoyed the income of two estates, that of your natural father, Callippus, and that of him who adopted you, Philostratus, the orator, and you have never done anything for your fellow-citizens here.
21. ἔτʼ οὖν τὴν αὐτὴν ἡμᾶς τάξιν ἔχειν δεῖ, μὴ τῆς αὐτῆς τύχης ἡμῖν παρακολουθούσης νῦν τε καὶ πρότερον; μηδαμῶς· οὐ γὰρ δίκαιον. ἀλλὰ διάδεξαι καὶ σὺ καὶ μετάλαβε μικρὸν χρόνον τῆς τοῦ λῃτουργοῦντος τάξεως, ἐπειδὴ οἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἠτυχήκασιν, ὑμεῖς δʼ οἱ γεωργοῦντες εὐπορεῖτε μᾶλλον ἢ προσῆκεν. ἱκανὸν γὰρ χρόνον δύʼ οὐσίας καρπούμενος διατελεῖς, τὴν μὲν τοῦ φύσει πατρὸς Καλλίππου, τὴν δὲ τοῦ ποιησαμένου σε, Φιλοστράτου τοῦ ῥήτορος, καὶ οὐδὲν πώποτε τουτοισὶ πεποίηκας.
22. Yet my father left to each of us, my brother and myself, an estate of forty-five minae merely, on which it is not easy to live, while your fathers were possessed of such wealth that each of them set up a tripod in honor of choregic victories at the Dionysia. And I do not begrudge them this, for it is the duty of the wealthy to render service to the state. Do you, therefore, show that you have expended one single copper coin on the state—you, who have inherited two estates which performed public services.
22. καίτοι ὁ μὲν ἐμὸς πατὴρ πέντε καὶ τετταράκοντα μνῶν μόνων ἑκατέρῳ, ἐμοὶ καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ, τὴν οὐσίαν κατέλιπεν, ἀφʼ ἧς ζῆν οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν· οἱ δὲ σοὶ πατέρες τοσούτων ἦσαν κύριοι χρημάτων, ὥσθʼ ἑκατέρου τρίπους ἀνάκειται, νικησάντων αὐτῶν Διονύσια χορηγούντων. καὶ οὐ φθονῶ· δεῖ γὰρ τοὺς εὐπόρους χρησίμους αὑτοὺς παρέχειν τοῖς πολίταις. σὺ τοίνυν δεῖξον χαλκοῦν ἕνα μόνον εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀνηλωκώς, ὁ τὰς δύο λῃτουργούσας οὐσίας παρειληφώς.
23. But you cannot show it, for you have learned secrecy and evasion and how to do everything to escape rendering service to your fellow-citizens here. But I will show that I have expended large sums—I, who inherited that slender estate from my father. (To the clerk.) Now read me first that law which declares that no mining property shall be included in the inventory, and the challenge and then the depositions proving that this fellow Phaenippus has inherited two estates that performed public services. The Law. The Challenge. The Depositions There is one thing only, men of the jury, in which anyone could show that this man Phaenippus has been ambitious of honor from you: he is an able and ambitious breeder of horses, being young and rich and vigorous.
23. ἀλλʼ οὐ δείξεις· ἀποκρύπτεσθαι γὰρ καὶ διαδύεσθαι καὶ πάντα ποιεῖν ἐξ ὧν μὴ λῃτουργήσεις τουτοισὶ μεμάθηκας. ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ δείξω πόλλʼ ἀνηλωκώς, ὁ τὴν μικρὰν οὐσίαν παραλαβὼν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός. πρῶτον δέ μοι τὸν νόμον ἐκεῖνον ἀνάγνωθι τὸν οὐκ ἐῶντα τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις οὐδὲν ἀποφαίνειν καὶ τὴν πρόκλησιν, ἔπειτα τὰς μαρτυρίας ὡς δύʼ οἴκων λῃτουργούντων οὑτοσὶ Φαίνιππος κεκληρονόμηκεν. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΙΣ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
24. What is a convincing proof of this? He has given up riding on horseback, has sold his war horse, and in his place has bought himself a chariot—he, at his age!—that he may not have to travel on foot; such is the luxury that fills him. This chariot he has included in his inventory to me, but of the barley and wine and the rest of the farm-produce not a tenth part.
24. ἓν μόνον ἄν τις ἔχοι δεῖξαι τουτονὶ Φαίνιππον πεφιλοτιμημένον εἰς ὑμᾶς, ἄνδρες δικασταί· ἱπποτρόφος ἀγαθός ἐστιν καὶ φιλότιμος, ἅτε νέος καὶ πλούσιος καὶ ἰσχυρὸς ὤν. τί τούτου μέγα σημεῖον; ἀποδόμενος τὸν πολεμιστήριον ἵππον καταβέβηκεν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων, καὶ ἀντʼ ἐκείνου ὄχημʼ αὑτῷ τηλικοῦτος ὢν ἐώνηται, ἵνα μὴ πεζῇ πορεύηται· τοσαύτης οὗτος τρυφῆς ἐστι μεστός. καὶ τοῦτʼ ἀπογέγραφέν μοι, τῶν δὲ κριθῶν καὶ τοῦ οἴνου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἐκ τῆς ἐσχατιᾶς γιγνομένων οὐδὲ τὸ δέκατον μέρος.
25. He deserves then, does he not, to be let off now, seeing that he has been so public-spirited and ambitious to serve both with his property and his person? No; far from it. For it is the duty of honest jurymen to give respite to those citizens, when they have need of such help, who, when prosperous, willingly perform public services and remain in the list of the Three Hundred; but as to those who consider as lost whatever money they spend upon the state, you should bring them into the list of those who make advance contributions, and not suffer them to run away from their duty. (To the clerk.) Read first the deposition, and then his declaration. The Deposition. The Declaration Enough of that.
25. ἄξιον ἀφεῖναι νῦν αὐτόν ἐστιν, ἐπειδὴ χρήσιμος καὶ φιλότιμος καὶ τῇ οὐσίᾳ καὶ τῷ σώματι; πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ. καλῶν γὰρ κἀγαθῶν ἐστι δικαστῶν τοὺς μὲν τῶν πολιτῶν ἐθελοντάς, ὅταν εὐπορῶσι, λῃτουργοῦντας καὶ ἐν τοῖς τριακοσίοις ὄντας ἀναπαύειν, ὅταν τούτου δεόμενοι τυγχάνωσιν, τοὺς δὲ νομίζοντας ἀπολλύειν, ὅταν εἰς τὸ κοινόν τι δαπανήσωσιν, ἄγειν εἰς τοὺς προεισφέροντας καὶ μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν δραπετεύειν. λέγε πρῶτον μὲν τὴν μαρτυρίαν, ἔπειτα τὴν ἀπόφασιν αὐτοῦ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. ΑΠΟΦΑΣΙΣ.
26. Yet Phaenippus, men of the jury, opened the rooms that had been sealed and carried off much that was within, as the witnesses have testified to you, leaving behind just what he pleased; and one month after the law prescribes gave me the declaration regarding his property. Nevertheless, enough of that. (To the clerk.)Read from the words, “Upon this property I owe the following debts.” Declaration Stop reading.
26. ἔα ταῦτα. καίτοι πολλὰ τῶν ἔνδοθεν ἐκφορήσας, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, Φαίνιππος, ἀνοίξας τὰ παρασεσημασμένα τῶν οἰκημάτων, ὡς ὑμῖν μεμαρτύρηται, καὶ καταλιπὼν ὅσα ἔδοξεν αὐτῷ, δευτέρῳ μηνὶ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἔδωκέ μοι τῆς οὐσίας. ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἔα ταῦτα. λέγε δʼ ἐντευθενί ἐπὶ τούτοις τάδε ὀφείλω. ΑΠΟΦΑΣΙΣ.
27. This Aristonoê, men of the jury, is the daughter of Philostratus and mother of Phaenippus. He declares that a debt is owing to her for her marriage portion, but of this the laws make him the owner. His statement is therefore false, and he does not make a just declaration. For why is it that I, Phaenippus, while my mother—who brought with her a marriage portion—is living and dwelling in my house, do not declare the marriage portion as a debt due to her, and thus try to lead the jurymen astray, but permit her to share in all that I have, alike whether it shall prove to be the estate of Phaenippus or my own? Because the laws so command, my good Sir. But all that you do is contrary to the laws.(To the clerk.) Read on. The Declaration You hear, men of the jury.
27. ἐπίσχες. αὕτη ἐστίν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἡ Ἀριστονόη τοῦ Φιλοστράτου θυγάτηρ, μήτηρ δὲ τουτουί. ταύτῃ χρέως φησὶν ὀφείλεσθαι Φαίνιππος τὴν προῖκα, ἧς οἱ νόμοι κύριον τοῦτον ποιοῦσιν, ψευδόμενος καὶ οὐ δικαίως χρώμενος τῇ ἀποφάσει. διὰ τί γὰρ ἐγώ, Φαίνιππε, μενούσης μοι τῆς μητρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ καὶ ζώσης καὶ προῖκα ἐπενεγκαμένης, οὐκ ἀπογράφω τὴν προῖκα χρέως αὐτῇ, οὐδὲ παρακρούομαι τοὺς δικαστάς, ἀλλʼ ἐῶ μετέχειν τῶν ἐμαυτοῦ τὴν μητέρα, ἄν τε τὴν Φαινίππου ἄν τε τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ἔχω οὐσίαν; ὅτι οἱ νόμοι ταῦτα κελεύουσιν, ὦ βέλτιστε· σὺ δὲ πάντα ποιεῖς παρὰ τοὺς νόμους. λέγʼ ἕτερον. ΑΠΟΦΑΣΙΣ.
28. He declares that he owes upon the land to Pamphilus and Pheidoleus of Rhamnus jointly a talent, and to Aeantides of Phlyus four thousand drachmae, and to Aristomenes of Anagyrus fourteen minae. Why, then, Phaenippus, when I asked you in the presence of witnesses whether you owed anything on your farm, and bade you show me the pillar of mortgage, if one were set up anywhere upon it, and and adjured you not to have any fictitious creditors to be brought to light later on to my prejudice—why, pray, did you not reveal any of these debts then? And why, when you have been a month late in giving me your declaration, though the law bids that it be given within three days, have creditors and debts for more than three talents now come on the scene?
28. ἀκούετε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί· Παμφίλῳ φησὶν καὶ Φειδόλεῳ Ῥαμνουσίοις κοινῇ τάλαντον ἐνοφείλειν καὶ Αἰαντίδῃ Φλυεῖ τετρακισχιλίας καὶ Ἀριστομένει Ἀναγυρασίῳ τέτταρας καὶ δέκα μνᾶς. διὰ τί οὖν, Φαίνιππε, ὅτε μὲν ἐγὼ μάρτυρας ἔχων ἠρώτων σε, εἴ τι ὀφείλεις ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσχατιᾷ, καὶ ἐκέλευον δεῖξαι ὅρον εἴ που ἔπεστι, καὶ διεμαρτυρόμην ὅπως μή μοι ὕστερον κατεσκευασμένοι δανεισταὶ φανήσονται, τότε μὲν οὐδὲν ἀπέφηνας τῶν χρεῶν, ἐπειδὴ δὲ δευτέρῳ μηνὶ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἔδωκάς μοι, τοῦ νόμου κελεύοντος τριῶν ἡμερῶν, νῦν ἥκουσι δανεισταὶ καὶ ὀφειλήματα πλέον ἢ τριῶν ταλάντων;
29. Because, my good Sir, it is merely this that you are contriving, that you may now have private debts equal in amount to the public debt which I have incurred to the state. But that your statement is false, Phaenippus, and that you have come before these gentlemen as a perjured man, I shall straightway prove beyond all question. Please, clerk, take the deposition of Aeantides and Theoteles to whom this fellow has declared that he owes four thousand drachmae. His declaration is false, and he long ago paid the debt, not willingly, but after a judgement had been secured against him. Read. The Deposition Well, then, men of the jury, when a man has made out a declaration that is so manifestly false in all points and has shown no regard for the laws which define the time within which the declaration must be made out, or to the private agreements which we hold to be equally binding; when besides this he has opened the seals of the buildings and carried off the grain and wine from within, and furthermore has after the offer to exchange sold the cut timber to the value of more than thirty minae; and when (worst of all) he has concocted false debts for the purpose of the exchange—will you decide by your votes that this man has made a just declaration? Surely not, men of the jury.
29. ὅτι, ὦ βέλτιστε, οὐδὲν ἄλλο κατασκευάζεις ἢ ὅσονπερ κοινῇ γέγονέ μοι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ὄφλημα, τοσοῦτο καὶ σοὶ ἰδίᾳ νῦν εἶναι. ὅτι δʼ, ὦ Φαίνιππε, ψεύδει καὶ ἐπιωρκηκὼς ἥκεις πρὸς τούτους, ἤδη φανερῶς ἐλέγξω. λαβέ μοι, γραμματεῦ, τὴν τοῦ Αἰαντίδου καὶ Θεοτέλους μαρτυρίαν, οἷς οὗτος ἀπογέγραφεν ὀφείλονθʼ αὑτὸν τετρακισχιλίας δραχμὰς ψευδόμενος καὶ πάλαι ἀποδεδωκώς, οὐχ ἑκών, ἀλλὰ δίκην ὀφλών. λέγε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. ἔπειτʼ, ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸν οὕτω καταφανῶς ἐν ἅπασιν ἀδίκως πεποιημένον τὴν ἀπόφασιν, καὶ μήτε τῶν νόμων φροντίσαντα μηδέν, οἳ διωρίκασιν ἐν οἷς δεῖ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ποιεῖσθαι χρόνοις, μήτε τῶν ἰδίων ὁμολογιῶν, ἃς ὁμοίως ὑπολαμβάνομεν ἰσχυράς, χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ἀνεῳχότα τὰ σημεῖα τῶν οἰκημάτων καὶ ἐκπεφορηκότα τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὸν οἶνον ἔνδοθεν, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὴν ὕλην τὴν τετμημένην πεπρακότα μετὰ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν, πλέον ἢ τριάκοντα μνῶν οὖσαν ἀξίαν, καὶ τὸ πάντων μέγιστον, χρέα ψευδῆ κατεσκευακότα τῆς ἀντιδόσεως ἕνεκα, τοῦτον δικαίως ψηφιεῖσθε πεποιῆσθαι τὴν ἀπόφασιν; μηδαμῶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
31. For where is one to turn if he fails of a verdict from you, when men of wealth who have never been of any service to you, who produce large quantities of grain and wine and dispose of this at three times its former price, have an advantage in your courts? Let not this happen now, I beg of you; but, as you have given public aid to all those engaged in mining, so now give aid to me as a private citizen.
31. ποῖ γὰρ τραπέσθαι δεήσει διαμαρτόντα τῆς ὑμετέρας γνώμης, ὅταν οἱ πλούσιοι καὶ μηδὲν ὑμῖν πώποτε χρήσιμοι γεγενημένοι, πολὺν καὶ σῖτον καὶ οἶνον ποιοῦντες καὶ τοῦτον τριπλασίας τιμῆς ἢ πρότερον διατιθέμενοι, πλεονεκτῶσιν παρʼ ὑμῖν; ὃ μηδαμῶς νυνὶ γενέσθω, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ καὶ κοινῇ πᾶσιν βεβοηθήκατε τοῖς ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἐργαζομένοις, οὕτω καὶ ἰδίᾳ βοηθήσατέ μοι νῦν.
32. For, if I had been your slave and not a citizen, seeing my industry and my goodwill toward you, you would have given me respite from my expenditures and would have turned to one of the rest who was running away from his duty. In the same manner, when I shall have paid the three talents for which I became liable to you, and shall have recovered my losses, you will relieve some other person among those in distress and turn to me. But for the present discharge me, men of the jury, I beg of you all; and since I have spoken only what is just, I implore you to come to my aid, and not to suffer me to be harried by these men.
32. καὶ γὰρ εἰ οἰκέτης ὑμῶν, μὴ πολίτης ἦν, ὁρῶντες ἄν μου τὴν φιλεργίαν καὶ τὴν εἰς ὑμᾶς εὔνοιαν, ἀνεπαύσατʼ ἄν με τῶν ἀναλωμάτων καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν δραπετεύοντα τῶν ἄλλων ἤλθετε. τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ νῦν, ἐπειδὰν ἀποτείσω τὰ τρία τάλανθʼ ἃ ὦφλον καὶ ἀναλάβω ἐμαυτόν, πάλιν ἀναπαύσαντες τῶν τεταλαιπωρηκότων ἕτερον ἐπʼ ἔμʼ ἥξετε· νῦν δʼ ἄφετε, ἱκετεύω πάντας ὑμᾶς, ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τὰ δίκαιʼ εἰρηκὼς δέομαι βοηθῆσαί μοι καὶ μή με περιελαθέντα περιιδεῖν ὑπὸ τούτων.