--- title: "Against Polycles · Πρὸς Πολυκλέα περὶ τοῦ ἐπιτριηραρχήματος" author: "Demosthenes" translator: "Augustus Taber Murray" languages: [grc, en] shelf: "Classical Greek" url: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/ cite: "Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray, Against Polycles · Πρὸς Πολυκλέα περὶ τοῦ ἐπιτριηραρχήματος. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/" --- # Against Polycles · Πρὸς Πολυκλέα περὶ τοῦ ἐπιτριηραρχήματος *Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray* Apollodorus claims the costs of serving as trierarch beyond his term. > Greek: ed. William Rennie, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0014.tlg050, CC BY-SA 4.0). > English: Augustus Taber Murray, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0014.tlg050.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included. > Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence. ## Contents 1. [Sections 1–31](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/1.md) 2. [Sections 33–68](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/2.md) ## 1. Sections 1–31 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/1/#p-N [¶0] 1. In suits of this nature, men of the jury, it is fitting that those who are to render a decision, as well as the litigants themselves, should give the closest attention. For the suit is not a private one concerning Polycles and myself alone, but it touches also the interests of the state as well. In cases where the charges indeed are of a private nature, but the injury is public, it is surely fitting that you should listen and decide aright. If I had come before you quarrelling with Polycles about a contract of some other sort, the contest would have concerned Polycles and myself alone; but as it is, the question concerns the succession to a ship, and extra trierarchal expenses for five months and six days, and it concerns also the laws, whether they are to be in force, or not. > Greek: 1. τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν ἀγώνων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τοὺς διαγνωσομένους προσήκει μάλιστα προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν. οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸς καὶ Πολυκλέους ἴδιός ἐστιν ὁ ἀγὼν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς πόλεως κοινός. ὧν γὰρ τὰ μὲν ἐγκλήματα ἴδιά ἐστιν, αἱ δὲ βλάβαι κοιναί, πῶς οὐχ ὑπὲρ τούτων εἰκός ἐστιν ἀκούσαντας ὑμᾶς ὀρθῶς διαγνῶναι; εἰ μὲν γὰρ περὶ ἄλλου τινὸς συμβολαίου ἐγὼ διαφερόμενος πρὸς Πολυκλέα εἰσῄειν εἰς ὑμᾶς, ἐμὸς ἂν ἦν καὶ Πολυκλέους ὁ ἀγών· νῦν δὲ περί τε διαδοχῆς νεώς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος καὶ ἐπιτριηραρχήματος πέντε μηνῶν καὶ ἓξ ἡμερῶν ἀνηλωμένου, καὶ περὶ τῶν νόμων, πότερα κύριοί εἰσιν ἢ οὔ. [¶1] 2. It seems to me, therefore, to be necessary to explain all the facts to you from the beginning. And by the gods, men of the jury, I beg you not to think that I am talking idly, if I set forth at some length what I have expended and what I have done, to show that my several services were rendered opportunely, and that they were helpful to the state. If anyone is able to show that I am uttering falsehoods, let him get up in the time allotted to me and disprove whatever statement I may make to you which he holds to be false. But if my statements are true, and no one would contradict them save the defendant, I make of you all a request that is fair. > Greek: 2. ἀναγκαῖον δή μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἅπαντα ἐξ ἀρχῆς διηγήσασθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς. καὶ πρὸς θεῶν, ἄνδρες δικασταί, δέομαι ὑμῶν, μή με ἡγήσησθε ἀδολεσχεῖν, ἐὰν διὰ μακροτέρων διηγῶμαι τά τε ἀναλώματα καὶ τὰς πράξεις, ὡς ἐν καιρῷ τε ἕκασται καὶ χρήσιμοι τῇ πόλει ἐδιακονήθησαν. εἰ μὲν γάρ τις ἔχει με ἐπιδεῖξαι ὡς ψεύδομαι, ἀναστὰς ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδατι ἐξελεγξάτω, ὅ τι ἂν μὴ φῇ με ἀληθῆ λέγειν πρὸς ὑμᾶς· εἰ δʼ ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ καὶ μηδεὶς ἄν μοι ἀντείποι ἄλλος ἢ οὗτος, δέομαι ὑμῶν ἁπάντων δικαίαν δέησιν· [¶2] 3. All you who were in the army and were present in the campaign, call to mind and tell to those who sit by you my own efforts and the troubles and distresses in which the state was involved at that crisis, in order that you may know from this evidence what manner of man I am in carrying out the orders you lay upon me. And all of you who stayed at home, listen to me in silence, while I set forth before you all the facts, and produce in support of every statement that I make the laws and decrees both of the senate and the people, and the testimony of witnesses. > Greek: 3. ὅσοι μὲν τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐστε καὶ παρῆτε ἐκεῖ, αὐτοί τε ἀναμνήσθητε καὶ τοῖς παρακαθημένοις φράζετε τήν τʼ ἐμὴν προθυμίαν καὶ τὰ συμβάντα ἐν τῷ τότε καιρῷ τῇ πόλει πράγματα καὶ τὰς ἀπορίας, ἵνα ἐκ τούτων εἰδῆτε ὁποῖός τίς εἰμι περὶ ἃ ἂν προστάξητε ὑμεῖς· ὅσοι δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπεδημεῖτε, σιγῇ μου ἀκοῦσαι διηγουμένου ἅπαντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων ἑκάστῳ, οἷς ἂν λέγω, τούς τε νόμους παρεχομένου καὶ τὰ ψηφίσματα, τά τε τῆς βουλῆς καὶ τὰ τοῦ δήμου, καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας. [¶3] 4. On the twenty-fourth day of the month Metageitnion in the archonship of Molon, when an assembly had been held and tidings of many serious events had been brought before you, you voted that the trierarchs (of whom I was one) should launch their ships. It is not necessary for me to go into details regarding the crisis which had at that time befallen the state; you of yourselves know that Tenos had been seized by Alexander, and its people had been reduced to slavery; that Miltocythes had revolted from Cotys, and had sent ambassadors regarding an alliance, begging you to send troops to his aid, and offering to restore the Chersonesus; that the Proconnesians, your allies, were requesting you in the assembly to come to their aid, stating that the Cyzicenes were pressing them hard in war by both land and sea, and imploring you not to look idly on while they perished. > Greek: 4. ἑβδόμῃ γὰρ φθίνοντος μεταγειτνιῶνος μηνὸς ἐπὶ Μόλωνος ἄρχοντος, ἐκκλησίας γενομένης καὶ εἰσαγγελθέντων ὑμῖν πολλῶν καὶ μεγάλων πραγμάτων, ἐψηφίσασθε τὰς ναῦς καθέλκειν τοὺς τριηράρχους· ὧν καὶ ἐγὼ ἦν. καὶ τὸν μὲν καιρὸν τὸν συμβεβηκότα τῇ πόλει τότε οὐκ ἐμὲ δεῖ διεξελθεῖν, ἀλλʼ ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀναμνησθῆναι, ὅτι Τῆνος μὲν καταληφθεῖσα ὑπʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἐξηνδραποδίσθη, Μιλτοκύθης δὲ ἀφειστήκει ἀπὸ Κότυος καὶ πρέσβεις ἐπεπόμφει περὶ συμμαχίας, βοηθεῖν κελεύων καὶ τὴν Χερρόνησον ἀποδιδούς, Προκοννήσιοι δὲ σύμμαχοι ὄντες ἱκέτευον ὑμᾶς ἐν τῷ δήμῳ βοηθῆσαι αὑτοῖς, λέγοντες ὅτι ὑπὸ Κυζικηνῶν κατέχονται τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν, καὶ μὴ περιιδεῖν ἀπολομένους· [¶4] 6. When you heard all these tidings at that time in the assembly from both the speakers themselves and those who supported them; when furthermore the merchants and shipowners were about to sail out of the Pontus, and the Byzantines and Calchedonians and Cyzicenes were forcing their ships to put in to their ports because of the scarcity of grain in their own countries; seeing also that the price of grain was advancing in the Peiraeus, and that there was not very much to be bought, you voted that the trierarchs should launch their ships and bring them up to the pier, and that the members of the senate and the demarchs should make out lists of the demesmen and reports of available seamen, and that the armament should be despatched at once, and aid sent to the various regions. And this decree, proposed by Aristophon, was passed, as follows: The Decree The decree, then, you have heard, men of the jury. > Greek: 6. ὧν ἀκούοντες τότε ὑμεῖς ἐν τῷ δήμῳ αὐτῶν τε λεγόντων καὶ τῶν συναγορευόντων αὐτοῖς, ἔτι δὲ τῶν ἐμπόρων καὶ τῶν ναυκλήρων περὶ ἔκπλουν ὄντων ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου, καὶ Βυζαντίων καὶ Καλχηδονίων καὶ Κυζικηνῶν καταγόντων τὰ πλοῖα ἕνεκα τῆς ἰδίας χρείας τοῦ σίτου, καὶ ὁρῶντες ἐν τῷ Πειραιεῖ τὸν σῖτον ἐπιτιμώμενον καὶ οὐκ ὄντα ἄφθονον ὠνεῖσθαι, ἐψηφίσασθε τάς τε ναῦς καθέλκειν τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ παρακομίζειν ἐπὶ τὸ χῶμα, καὶ τοὺς βουλευτὰς καὶ τοὺς δημάρχους καταλόγους ποιεῖσθαι τῶν δημοτῶν καὶ ἀποφέρειν ναύτας, καὶ διὰ τάχους τὸν ἀπόστολον ποιεῖσθαι καὶ βοηθεῖν ἑκασταχοῖ. καὶ ἐνίκησε τὸ Ἀριστοφῶντος ψήφισμα τουτί. ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ. [¶5] 7. For my own part, when the sailors listed by the demesmen did not appear, save a very few, and these incompetent, I dismissed them; and having mortgaged my property and borrowed money, I was the first to man my ship, hiring the best sailors possible by giving to each man large bonuses and advance payments. More than that, I furnished the ship with equipment wholly my own, taking nothing from the public stores, and I made everything as beautiful and magnificent as possible, outdoing all the other trierarchs. As for rowers, I hired the best that could be had. > Greek: 7. τοῦ μὲν ψηφίσματος τοίνυν ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπειδή μοι οὐκ ἦλθον οἱ ναῦται οἱ καταλεγέντες ὑπὸ τῶν δημοτῶν, ἀλλʼ ἢ ὀλίγοι καὶ οὗτοι ἀδύνατοι, τούτους μὲν ἀφῆκα, ὑποθεὶς δὲ τὴν οὐσίαν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ δανεισάμενος ἀργύριον πρῶτος ἐπληρωσάμην τὴν ναῦν, μισθωσάμενος ναύτας ὡς οἷόν τʼ ἦν ἀρίστους, δωρεὰς καὶ προδόσεις δοὺς ἑκάστῳ αὐτῶν μεγάλας. ἔτι δὲ σκεύεσιν ἰδίοις τὴν ναῦν ἅπασι κατεσκεύασα, καὶ τῶν δημοσίων ἔλαβον οὐδέν, καὶ κόσμῳ ὡς οἷόν τʼ ἦν κάλλιστα καὶ διαπρεπέστατα τῶν τριηράρχων. ὑπηρεσίαν τοίνυν ἣν ἐδυνάμην κρατίστην ἐμισθωσάμην. [¶6] 8. And not only did I defray the trierarchal expenses, which at that time were so very heavy, but I also paid in advance no small part of the taxes which you had ordered to be collected for the cost of the expedition. For when you had voted that the members of the senate on behalf of the demesmen should report the names of those who were to pay taxes in advance, both of those who were members of the demes and those who owned property in them, my name was reported from three demes, as my property was in land. > Greek: 8. οὐ μόνον τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὰ κατὰ τὴν τριηραρχίαν ἀνήλισκον τότε οὕτω πολυτελῆ ὄντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν χρημάτων ὧν εἰς τὸν ἔκπλουν ἐψηφίσασθε εἰσενεχθῆναι μέρος οὐκ ἐλάχιστον ἐγὼ ὑμῖν προεισήνεγκα. δόξαν γὰρ ὑμῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν δημοτῶν τοὺς βουλευτὰς ἀπενεγκεῖν τοὺς προεισοίσοντας τῶν τε δημοτῶν καὶ τῶν ἐγκεκτημένων, προσαπηνέχθη μου τοὔνομα ἐν τριττοῖς δήμοις διὰ τὸ φανερὰν εἶναί μου τὴν οὐσίαν. [¶7] 9. Of these I was the first to pay my taxes in advance, nor did I seek to get myself excused either on the ground that I was serving as trierarch and could not defray the costs of two public services at once, or that the laws did not permit such a thing. And I have never recovered the money which I advanced, because at the time I was abroad in your service as trierarch, and afterwards, when I returned, I found that the money from those who had resources had already been gathered in by others, and that those who were left had nothing. > Greek: 9. καὶ τούτων ἐγώ, οὐδεμίαν πρόφασιν ποιησάμενος, ὅτι τριηραρχῶ καὶ οὐκ ἂν δυναίμην δύο λῃτουργίας λῃτουργεῖν οὐδὲ οἱ νόμοι ἐῶσιν, ἔθηκα τὰς προεισφορὰς πρῶτος. καὶ οὐκ εἰσεπραξάμην διὰ τὸ τότε μὲν ἀποδημεῖν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τριηραρχῶν, ὕστερον δὲ καταπλεύσας καταλαβεῖν τὰ μὲν εὔπορα ὑφʼ ἑτέρων προεξειλεγμένα, τὰ δʼ ἄπορα ὑπόλοιπα. [¶8] 10. To prove that I am stating the truth to you in this, the clerk shall read you the depositions covering these matters, those of the persons who at that time collected the military supplies and of the despatching board; also the record of the pay which I gave out every month to the rowers and the marines, receiving from the generals subsistence-money alone, except pay for two months only in a period of a year and five months also a list of the sailors who were hired, and how much money each of them received; to the end that from this evidence you may know how generous I was and why the defendant was unwilling to take over the ship from me when the term of my trierarchy had expired. The Depositions The proof, then, that I am uttering no falsehoods in regard to the matters which I have mentioned, you have learned, men of the jury, from the reading of the depositions. > Greek: 10. καὶ ταῦτα ὅτι ἀληθῆ λέγω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τούτων ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται τὰς μαρτυρίας τῶν τε τὰ στρατιωτικὰ τότε εἰσπραττόντων καὶ τῶν ἀποστολέων, καὶ τοὺς μισθοὺς οὓς ταῖς ὑπηρεσίαις καὶ τοῖς ἐπιβάταις κατὰ μῆνα ἐδίδουν, παρὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν σιτηρέσιον μόνον λαμβάνων, πλὴν δυοῖν μηνοῖν μόνον μισθὸν ἐν πέντε μησὶν καὶ ἐνιαυτῷ, καὶ τοὺς ναύτας τοὺς μισθωθέντας, [καὶ] ὅσον ἕκαστος ἔλαβεν ἀργύριον, ἵνʼ ἐκ τούτων εἰδῆτε τὴν ἐμὴν προθυμίαν, καὶ οὗτος διʼ ὅ τι παραλαβεῖν παρʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν ναῦν οὐκ ἤθελεν, ἐπειδή μοι ὁ χρόνος ἐξῆλθεν τῆς τριηραρχίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [¶9] 11. But, further, you will all agree with me that what I am about to say is true. It is admitted that the usefulness of a ship is done away with, first, if the men are not paid, and secondly, if she put into the Peiraeus before her expedition is finished; for in that case there is a great deal of desertion, and those of the sailors who remain are unwilling to embark again, unless additional money is given them for their household expenses. Both of these things happened to me, men of the jury, so that my trierarchy became the more costly. > Greek: 11. ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν οὐ ψεύδομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς περὶ ὧν εἶπον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῶν μαρτυριῶν ἀναγιγνωσκομένων ἀκηκόατε. ἔτι δὲ περὶ ὧν μέλλω λέγειν, ἅπαντές μοι ὁμολογήσετε ὅτι ἀληθῆ ἐστιν. τριήρους γὰρ ὁμολογεῖται κατάλυσις εἶναι, πρῶτον μέν, ἐὰν μὴ μισθόν τις διδῷ, δεύτερον δέ, ἐὰν εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ μεταξὺ καταπλεύσῃ· ἀπόλειψίς τε γὰρ πλείστη γίγνεται, οἵ τε παραμένοντες τῶν ναυτῶν οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν πάλιν ἐμβαίνειν, ἐὰν μή τις αὐτοῖς ἕτερον ἀργύριον διδῷ ὥστε τὰ οἰκεῖα διοικήσασθαι. ἃ ἐμοὶ ἀμφότερα συνέβη, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὥστε πολυτελεστέραν μοι γενέσθαι τὴν τριηραρχίαν. [¶10] 12. For I received no pay from the general for the space of eight months, and I sailed home to Peiraeus with the ambassadors because my ship was the fastest sailer, and again, when I was ordered by the people to take Menon the general to the Hellespont to replace Autocles, who had been removed from his command, I set sail on short notice from Athens. In the place of the seamen who had deserted I hired others, giving them large bonuses and advance payments, and I gave to those of the original sailors who stayed with me something to leave behind for the maintenance of their households in addition to what they had before; > Greek: 12. καὶ γὰρ μισθὸν οὐδένα λαβὼν παρὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ὀκτὼ μηνῶν, κατέπλευσα τοὺς πρέσβεις ἄγων διὰ τὸ ἄριστά μοι πλεῖν τὴν ναῦν, καὶ ἐνθένδε πάλιν, προσταχθέν μοι ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου Μένωνα τὸν στρατηγὸν ἄγειν εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον ἀντὶ Αὐτοκλέους ἀποχειροτονηθέντος, ᾠχόμην ἀναγόμενος διὰ τάχους. καὶ ἀντὶ τῶν ἀπολιπόντων μὲν ναυτῶν ἑτέρους ἐμισθωσάμην ναύτας, δωρεὰς καὶ προδόσεις αὐτοῖς διδοὺς μεγάλας, τοῖς δὲ παραμείνασι τῶν ἀρχαίων ναυτῶν ἔδωκά τι εἰς διοίκησιν τῶν οἰκείων καταλιπεῖν πρὸς ᾧ πρότερον εἶχον, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν, ὡς ἀναγκαία ἦν ἑκάστῳ, ἀπορῶν δὲ αὐτὸς ὡς μὰ τὸν Δία καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω οὐδεὶς ἄν μοι πιστεύσειεν, ὅστις μὴ ἀληθῶς παρηκολούθηκε τοῖς ἐμοῖς πράγμασιν. [¶11] 13. for I was well aware of the need they felt, and how it pressed upon each one, and I was myself embarrassed for funds as, by Zeus and Apollo, no one could believe, who had not accurately followed the course of my affairs. However, I mortgaged my farm to Thrasylochus and Archeneüs, and having borrowed thirty minae from them and distributed the money among the crew, I put to sea, that no part of the people’s orders might fail to be carried out, as far as it depended on me. And the people, hearing of this, gave me a vote of thanks, and invited me to dine in the Prytaneum. To prove that I am speaking the truth in this, the clerk shall read you the deposition dealing with these facts, and the decree of the people. The Deposition. The Decree Then, when we came to the Hellespont, and the term of my trierarchy had expired, and no pay had been given to the soldiers except for two months when another general, Timomachus, had come—though even he brought to the fleet no new trierarchs to relieve those in service,—many of my crew became discouraged and went off, deserting the ship, some to the mainland to take military service, and some to the fleet of the Thasians, and Maronites, won over by the promise of high pay and receiving substantial sums in advance. > Greek: 13. ὑποθεὶς δὲ τὸ χωρίον Θρασυλόχῳ καὶ Ἀρχένεῳ, καὶ δανεισάμενος τριάκοντα μνᾶς παρʼ αὐτῶν καὶ διαδοὺς τοῖς ναύταις, ᾠχόμην ἀναγόμενος, ἵνα μηδὲν ἐλλείποι τῷ δήμῳ ὧν προσέταξε τὸ κατʼ ἐμέ. καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἀκούσας ταῦτα ἐπῄνεσέν τέ με, καὶ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον εἰς τὸ πρυτανεῖον ἐκάλεσεν. καὶ ὡς ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, τούτων ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται τὴν μαρτυρίαν καὶ τὸ ψήφισμα τὸ τοῦ δήμου. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον ἤλθομεν, καὶ ὅ τε χρόνος ἐξεληλύθει μοι τῆς τριηραρχίας, καὶ μισθὸς οὐκ ἀπεδόθη τοῖς στρατιώταις ἀλλʼ ἢ δυοῖν μηνοῖν, ἕτερός τε στρατηγὸς ἧκεν Τιμόμαχος, καὶ οὗτος διαδόχους οὐκ ἄγων ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς, ἀθυμήσαντές μοι πολλοὶ τοῦ πληρώματος ᾤχοντο ἀπολιπόντες τὴν ναῦν, οἱ μὲν εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον στρατευσόμενοι, οἱ δὲ εἰς τὰς Θασίων καὶ Μαρωνιτῶν ναῦς, μισθῷ μεγάλῳ πεισθέντες καὶ ἀργύριον πολὺ προλαβόντες καὶ ὑπὸ πολλῶν αὖ τῷ λόγῳ ἐξηπατημένοι. [¶12] 15. They saw also that my resources were by now exhausted, that the state was neglectful of them, that our allies were in need, and the generals not to be depended on, and that they had been deceived by the words of many of them; and they knew that the term of my trierarchy had expired and that their voyage was not to be homeward and that no successor had arrived to take command from whom they could expect any relief. For the more ambitious I had been to man my ship with good rowers, by so much was the desertion from me greater than from the other trierarchs. > Greek: 15. καὶ τὰ μὲν παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἐξανηλωμένα ἤδη ὁρῶντες, τὰ δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἀμελῆ, τὰ δὲ τῶν συμμάχων ἄπορα, τὰ δὲ τῶν στρατηγῶν ἄπιστα, καὶ τὸν χρόνον ἐξήκοντα τῆς τριηραρχίας καὶ τὸν πλοῦν οὐκέτʼ ὄντα οἴκαδε, οὐδὲ διάδοχον ἥκοντα ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν, παρʼ οὗ ἄν τις ἠξίωσεν ὠφεληθῆναι. ὅσῳ γὰρ φιλοτιμούμενος ἄμεινον ἐπληρωσάμην τὴν ναῦν ἐρετῶν ἀγαθῶν, τοσούτῳ μοι πλείστη ἀπόλειψις ἐγένετο τῶν ἄλλων τριηράρχων. [¶13] 16. For the others had this advantage at any rate, that the sailors who had come to their ships drawn from the official lists, stayed with them in order to make sure of their return home when the general should discharge them; whereas mine, trusting in their skill as able rowers, went off wherever they were likely to be re-employed at the highest wages, thinking more of their gain for the immediate present than of the danger impending over them, if they should ever be caught by me. > Greek: 16. τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἄλλοις, εἰ μή τι ἄλλο, οἵ γε ἐκ καταλόγου ἐλθόντες ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν παρέμενον τηροῦντες τὴν οἴκαδε σωτηρίαν, ὁπότε αὐτοὺς ἀφήσει ὁ στρατηγός· οἱ δʼ ἐμοὶ ναῦται πιστεύοντες αὑτοῖς ἐπὶ τῷ δύνασθαι ἐλαύνειν, ὅπου ἔμελλον ἀργύριον πάλιν πλεῖστον λήψεσθαι, ἐνταῦθʼ ἀπῇσαν, ἡγούμενοι τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι εὐπορίαν κρείττω εἶναι αὑτοῖς τοῦ μέλλοντος φόβου, εἴ ποτε ληφθείησαν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ. [¶14] 17. Consequently when my affairs were in the condition which I have described, and at the same time I was ordered by the general, Timomachus, to sail to Hieron to convoy the grain, though he provided no pay (word had been brought that the Byzantines and the Calchedonians were again bringing the ships into port and forcing them to unload their grain), I borrowed money from Archidemus of Anaphlystus, fifteen minae at interest, and I secured from Nicippus, the shipowner, who happened to be in Sestus, eight hundred drachmae, as a maritime loan at 12 1/2 per cent, on condition that I should pay him principal and interest when the ship should get safely back to Athens. > Greek: 17. τοιούτων τοίνυν μοι τῶν πραγμάτων συμβεβηκότων, καὶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ἅμα Τιμομάχου προστάξαντος πλεῖν ἐφʼ Ἱερὸν ἐπὶ τὴν παραπομπὴν τοῦ σίτου καὶ μισθὸν οὐ διδόντος, εἰσαγγελθέντων δὲ ὅτι Βυζάντιοι καὶ Καλχηδόνιοι πάλιν κατάγουσι τὰ πλοῖα καὶ ἀναγκάζουσι τὸν σῖτον ἐξαιρεῖσθαι, δανεισάμενος ἐγὼ ἀργύριον παρʼ Ἀρχεδήμου μὲν τοῦ Ἀναφλυστίου πεντεκαίδεκα μνᾶς ἐπίτοκον, ὀκτακοσίας δὲ δραχμὰς παρὰ Νικίππου τοῦ ναυκλήρου ναυτικὸν ἀνειλόμην, ὃς ἔτυχεν ὢν ἐν Σηστῷ, ἐπόγδοον, σωθέντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου Ἀθήναζε ἀποδοῦναι αὐτὸ καὶ τοὺς τόκους, καὶ πέμψας Εὐκτήμονα τὸν πεντηκόνταρχον εἰς Λάμψακον, δοὺς αὐτῷ ἀργύριον καὶ γράμματα πρὸς τοὺς ξένους τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμοῦ, ἐκέλευσά μοι αὐτὸν ναύτας μισθώσασθαι ὡς ἂν δύνηται ἀρίστους· [¶15] 18. Further, I sent Euctemon, the pentecontarch, to Lampsacus, giving him money and letters to friends of my father, and bade him hire for me the best sailors he could. I myself stayed in Sestus and gave some money—all I had—to the old sailors who stayed with me, since the term of my trierarchy had expired, and I secured also some other sailors at full pay, while the general was making ready for his voyage to Hieron. > Greek: 18. αὐτὸς δʼ ὑπομείνας ἐν Σηστῷ τοῖς τε παραμείνασι τῶν ἀρχαίων ναυτῶν ἔδωκά τι, ὅσον εἶχον, ἐπειδή μοι ὁ χρόνος ἐξῆκεν τῆς τριηραρχίας, καὶ ἑτέρους ναύτας ἐντελομίσθους προσέλαβον, ἐν ὅσῳ ὁ στρατηγὸς τὸν ἀνάπλουν τὸν ἐφʼ Ἱερὸν παρεσκευάζετο. [¶16] 19. But when Euctemon came back from Lampsacus, bringing the sailors whom he had hired, and the general gave the word for us to put to sea, it happened that Euctemon suddenly fell sick, and was in a very serious condition. I, therefore, gave him his pay, adding money for his journey, and sent him home; while I secured another pentecontarch and put out to sea to convoy the grain, and I stayed there forty-five days, until the vessels sailed out from Pontus after the rising of Arcturus. > Greek: 19. ἐπειδὴ δʼ ὅ τε Εὐκτήμων ἧκεν ἐκ τῆς Λαμψάκου ἄγων τοὺς ναύτας οὓς ἐμισθώσατο, καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς παρήγγειλεν ἀνάγεσθαι, τῷ μὲν Εὐκτήμονι ἀσθενῆσαι ἐξαίφνης συνέβη, καὶ πάνυ πονηρῶς διετέθη· τούτῳ μὲν οὖν ἀποδοὺς τὸν μισθὸν καὶ ἐφόδια προσθεὶς ἀπέπεμψα οἴκαδε· αὐτὸς δὲ πεντηκόνταρχον ἕτερον λαβὼν ἀνηγόμην ἐπὶ τὴν παραπομπὴν τοῦ σίτου, καὶ ἐκεῖ περιέμεινα πέντε καὶ τετταράκοντα ἡμέρας, ἕως ὁ ἔκπλους τῶν πλοίων τῶν μετʼ ἀρκτοῦρον ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ἐγένετο. [¶17] 20. When I arrived at Sestus, I expected to sail for home, as my term of service had expired, and I had already served two months beyond it and no successor had arrived to take over the ship. The general, Timomachus, however,—for an embassy from the Maronites had come to him, begging him to convoy their grain ships—ordered us trierarchs to make cables fast to the ships and tow them to Maroneia—a long voyage across the open sea. > Greek: 20. ἀφικόμενος δὲ εἰς Σηστὸν ἐγὼ μὲν ᾤμην οἴκαδε καταπλεύσεσθαι, τοῦ τε χρόνου μοι ἐξήκοντος καὶ ἐπιτετριηραρχημένων ἤδη μοι δυοῖν μηνοῖν καὶ διαδόχου οὐχ ἥκοντος ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν· ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς Τιμόμαχος, ἀφικομένων ὡς αὐτὸν πρέσβεων Μαρωνιτῶν καὶ δεομένων αὑτοῖς τὰ πλοῖα παραπέμψαι τὰ σιτηγά, προσέταξεν ἡμῖν τοῖς τριηράρχοις ἀναδησαμένοις τὰ πλοῖα ἕλκειν εἰς Μαρώνειαν, πλοῦν καὶ πολὺν καὶ πελάγιον. [¶18] 21. I have told all these facts to you from the beginning, that you may know how much I have myself expended and how burdensome my service as trierarch has been to me, and all the expenses which I subsequently bore in the interest of the defendant by serving beyond my term, since he did not come to take over the ship, and all the dangers I myself incurred from storms and from the enemy. For after we had convoyed the ships to Maroneia, and had arrived at Thasos, Timomachus came and undertook again in conjunction with the Thasians to convoy grain and a body of peltasts to Strymê, with the intention of taking the place himself. > Greek: 21. καὶ ταῦθʼ ὑμῖν διὰ τοῦτο ἅπαντα διηγησάμην ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἵνα εἰδῆτε ὅσα ἀνηλωκὼς αὐτὸς καὶ ἡλίκης μοι γεγενημένης τῆς λῃτουργίας ὕστερον ὅσα ἀναλώματα ὑπὲρ τούτου ἀνήλωσα ἐπιτριηραρχῶν, οὐχ ἥκοντος τούτου ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν, καὶ κινδύνους ὅσους ἐκινδύνευσα αὐτὸς πρός τε χειμῶνα καὶ πρὸς πολεμίους. μετὰ γὰρ τὴν παραπομπὴν τῶν πλοίων τὴν εἰς Μαρώνειαν καὶ τὴν ἄφιξιν τὴν εἰς Θάσον, ἀφικόμενος παρέπεμπε πάλιν ὁ Τιμόμαχος μετὰ τῶν Θασίων εἰς [τὴν] Στρύμην σῖτον καὶ πελταστάς, ὡς παραληψόμενος αὐτὸς τὸ χωρίον. [¶19] 22. However, the Maronites arrayed their ships against us in defence of the place, and offered battle, and our men were tired out with their long voyage and from towing the ships from Thasos to Strymê besides, it was stormy, and the place offered no harbor, and it was impossible to go ashore and get a meal, for the country was hostile, and all around the wall bands of mercenaries and barbarians from the neighborhood lay encamped; so we were forced to ride at anchor all night long in the open sea without food and without sleep, keeping watch lest the ships of the Maronites should attack us in the night. > Greek: 22. παραταξαμένων δὲ Μαρωνιτῶν ἡμῖν ταῖς ναυσὶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ χωρίου τούτου καὶ μελλόντων ναυμαχήσειν, καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀπειρηκότων, πλοῦν πολὺν πεπλευκότων καὶ πλοῖα ἑλκόντων ἐκ Θάσου εἰς Στρύμην, ἔτι δὲ χειμῶνος ὄντος καὶ τοῦ χωρίου ἀλιμένου, καὶ ἐκβῆναι οὐκ ὂν οὐδὲ δειπνοποιήσασθαι πολεμίας τῆς χώρας οὔσης καὶ περικαθημένων κύκλῳ τὸ τεῖχος καὶ ξένων μισθοφόρων καὶ βαρβάρων προσοίκων, ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ἐπʼ ἀγκύρας ἀποσαλεύειν τὴν νύκτα μετεώρους, ἀσίτους καὶ ἀγρύπνους, φυλαττομένους μὴ τῆς νυκτὸς ἡμῖν ἐπιθῶνται αἱ Μαρωνιτῶν τριήρεις. [¶20] 23. Nor was this all. It was our lot to have by night rain and thunder and a violent wind at that season of the year (for the time was just at the setting of the Pleiades ); so can you not imagine, men of the jury, what despondency fell upon our men, and what an amount of desertion I had again to face after this? For the old sailors had borne many hardships and received but little compensation—merely what I was able to borrow and give to each man in addition to what they had had from me before, since the general did not supply enough even for their daily sustenance. By now I had served three months beyond my term, and the defendant had not yet come to take over the ship; but I borrowed money and hired sailors to replace those who had deserted. > Greek: 23. ἔτι δὲ συνέβη τῆς νυκτὸς ὥρᾳ ἔτους ὕδωρ καὶ βροντὰς καὶ ἄνεμον μέγαν γενέσθαι (ὑπʼ αὐτὰς γὰρ Πλειάδων δύσεις οἱ χρόνοι οὗτοι ἦσαν), ἐξ ὧν τίνα οὐκ οἴεσθε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοῖς στρατιώταις ἀθυμίαν ἐμπεσεῖν; πόσην δέ μοι μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπόλειψιν γενέσθαι πάλιν, τῶν ἀρχαίων ναυτῶν ταλαιπωρουμένων μὲν πολλά, ὠφελουμένων δὲ βραχέα, ὅσα ἐγὼ δυναίμην ἑκάστῳ δανειζόμενος ἐπαρκέσαι πρὸς ᾧ πρότερον εἶχον παρʼ ἐμοῦ, ἐπεὶ ὅ γε στρατηγὸς οὐδὲ τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμέραν αὐτοῖς τροφὴν διαρκῆ ἐδίδου. καὶ ἤδη τρεῖς μῆνες ἐπετετριηράρχηντό μοι, καὶ οὐδέπω οὗτος ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν, ἀλλʼ ἐμισθούμην ναύτας ἀντὶ τῶν ἀπολιπόντων, δανειζόμενος ἀργύριον. [¶21] 24. The defendant alone of the trierarchs appointed to succeed us has no excuse left him for not having come to take over the ship long before. For Euctemon, the pentecontarch, after he was sent home from the Hellespont on account of his sickness, when he reached port and heard that Polycles had been appointed to relieve me, knowing that the term of my trierarchy had expired and that I was now serving over time, took with him my father-in-law, Deinias, and coming up to Polycles in the sample market, bade him set sail and take over the ship with all speed, telling him that the expenses which were incurred every day in addition to the provision money supplied by the general were very heavy. > Greek: 24. μόνῳ τοίνυν τούτῳ τῶν ἄλλων διαδόχων οὐκ ἔστι πρόφασις ὑπολειπομένη, διʼ ὅ τι οὐ πάλαι ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν. ὁ γὰρ Εὐκτήμων ὁ πεντηκόνταρχος, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου ἀπεστάλη οἴκαδε ἀσθενήσας, ἐπειδὴ κατέπλευσε καὶ ἤκουσε τοῦτον ἐμοὶ διάδοχον καθεστηκότα, εἰδὼς τόν τε χρόνον ἐξήκοντά μοι τῆς τριηραρχίας καὶ ἤδη ἐπιτριηραρχοῦντά με, παραλαβὼν Δεινίαν τὸν κηδεστὴν τὸν ἐμὸν προσέρχεται αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ δείγματι, καὶ ἐκέλευεν αὐτὸν ὡς τάχιστα ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ἀποπλεῖν, ὡς τῶν ἀναλωμάτων πολλῶν ὄντων ἃ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἑκάστην πρὸς τῷ παρὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ σιτηρεσίῳ εἰς τὴν ναῦν διδομένῳ ἀνηλίσκετο, καθʼ ἕκαστον αὐτῷ διεξιὼν τούς τε μισθοὺς τοὺς τῇ ὑπηρεσίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ἐπιβάταις κατὰ μῆνα διδομένους, τοῖς τε ναύταις οὓς αὐτὸς ἐκ τῆς Λαμψάκου ἐμισθώσατο, καὶ τοῖς ὕστερον ἐπεμβᾶσιν ἀντὶ τῶν ἀπολιπόντων, ἔτι δὲ ὃ τῶν ἀρχαίων ναυτῶν ἑκάστῳ προσέθηκα δεηθέντι, ἐπειδή μοι ὁ χρόνος ἐξῆκε τῆς τριηραρχίας, καὶ τἄλλα ὅσα ἦν τὰ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἑκάστην ἀναλισκόμενα εἰς τὴν ναῦν, οὐκ ἀπείρως ἔχων· [¶22] 25. He told him in detail of the pay given each month to the rowers and the marines, both to the sailors whom he had himself hired at Lampsacus and to those who came on board subsequently to replace those who had deserted, and also of the additional sums which I had given to each of the old sailors at their request after the term of my trierarchy had expired, and all the rest of the money expended upon the ship from day to day. With all these matters Euctemon was thoroughly acquainted, for it was through him as pentecontarch that all purchases and disbursements were made. He told him, too, about the ship’s equipment, that it was wholly my own, and that I had nothing from the public stores. “Therefore,” he said, “plan to come to an agreement with him, or sail from here taking your own equipment with you. I think, however,” he added, “that he will readily come to terms with you; for he owes money there, which he will be glad to pay from the price of the equipment.” When the defendant heard these words from Euctemon and Deinias my father-in-law, he made no answer to them regarding the matters of which they spoke but, they said, he broke into a laugh, and said, “The mouse has just tasted pitch; for he wanted to be an Athenian.” > Greek: 25. διὰ γὰρ ἐκείνου πεντηκονταρχοῦντος καὶ ἠγοράζετο καὶ ἀνηλίσκετο. καὶ περὶ τῶν σκευῶν ἔφραζεν αὐτῷ ὅτι ἴδια ἔχοιμι καὶ δημόσιον οὐδέν· ὡς οὖν, ἔφη, [ἢ] πείσων ἐκεῖνον διανοοῦ, ἢ σκεύη ἔχων σαυτῷ ἀνάπλει. οἶμαι δέ σοι, ἔφη, αὐτὸν οὐδὲν διοίσεσθαι· ὀφείλει γὰρ ἀργύριον ἐκεῖ, ὃ διαλῦσαι βουλήσεται ἐκ τῆς τιμῆς τῶν σκευῶν. ἀκούσας δὲ οὗτος ταῦτα τοῦ τʼ Εὐκτήμονος καὶ τοῦ Δεινίου τοῦ κηδεστοῦ τοῦ ἐμοῦ, περὶ μὲν ὧν ἔλεγον αὐτῷ οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀποκρίνεται, γελάσαντα δὲ ἔφασαν αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν ἄρτι μῦς πίττης γεύεται· ἐβούλετο γὰρ Ἀθηναῖος εἶναι. [¶23] 27. Well, when he paid no heed to what he heard from Euctemon and Deinias, later on Pythodorus of Acharnae, and Apollodorus of Leuconoë, friends and connections of mine, again approached him, and urged him to go and take over the ship, as he had been designated as my successor; and they told him about the equipment, that it was wholly my own, and that I had nothing from the public stores. > Greek: 27. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦ Εὐκτήμονος καὶ τοῦ Δεινίου ἀκούσας οὐδὲν ἐφρόντιζεν, πάλιν αὐτῷ προσέρχονται ὕστερον Πυθόδωρός τε ὁ Ἀχαρνεὺς καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Λευκονοεύς, ἐπιτήδειοι ὄντες ἐμοὶ καὶ φίλοι, καὶ ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἐπί τε τὴν ναῦν ἀπιέναι ὡς διάδοχον ὄντα, καὶ περὶ τῶν σκευῶν ἔφραζον αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἴδια ἔχοιμι ἅπαντα καὶ δημόσιον οὐδέν· [¶24] 28. “So, if you want to make use of that,” they said, “leave money here, and do not run the risk of carrying it abroad.” For they wanted to redeem the farm for me by paying Archeneüs and Thrasylochus thirty minae. Regarding the wear and tear of the ship’s equipment they were willing to draw up an agreement with him, and themselves to be sureties for me, that he would assuredly have the terms which the other trierarchs gave to their successors. To prove that I am speaking the truth in all this, the clerk shall read you the depositions bearing upon these matters. The Depositions There are many proofs from which I think I can show you that Polycles neither at the first intended to take over the ship from me, nor, after he was forced by you and your decree to go and join the ship, was he willing to take it over as my successor. > Greek: 28. εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐκείνοις ἐθέλεις χρῆσθαι, κατάλιπε ἔφασαν ἀργύριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ διακινδύνευε ἐκεῖσε ἄγων, ἵνα λύσωνταί μοι τὸ χωρίον, ἀποδόντες Ἀρχένεῳ καὶ Θρασυλόχῳ ⟨τὰς⟩ τριάκοντα μνᾶς. περὶ δὲ ἀποτριβῆς τῶν σκευῶν, ἤθελον αὐτῷ γράμματα γράφειν, καὶ ἐγγυηταὶ αὐτοὶ γίγνεσθαι ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ἦ μὴν ἔσεσθαι αὐτῷ ὅ τι ἂν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τριηράρχοις πρὸς τοὺς διαδόχους ᾖ. ὡς οὖν πάντα ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, τούτων ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [¶25] 29. For after he arrived at Thasos, when I was serving for the fourth month after my term had expired, I took witnesses with me, as many of the citizens as I could and the marines and rowers, and, coming up to him in the market-place at Thasos, I bade him take over the ship from me as my successor and repay me what I had expended since the expiration of my term. > Greek: 29. ἐκ πολλῶν μὲν τοίνυν τεκμηρίων οἶμαι ὑμῖν ἐπιδείξειν Πολυκλέα ὅτι οὔτε αὐτόθεν διενοεῖτο παραλαμβάνειν παρʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν ναῦν, οὔτε, ἐπειδὴ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ψηφίσματος τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἠναγκάσθη ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ἀπιέναι, ἐλθὼν ἠθέλησέ μοι διαδέξασθαι αὐτήν. οὗτος γὰρ ἐπειδὴ ἀφίκετο εἰς Θάσον ἤδη μου τέταρτον μῆνα ἐπιτριηραρχοῦντος, παραλαβὼν ἐγὼ μάρτυρας τῶν τε πολιτῶν ὡς ἐδυνάμην πλείστους καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας καὶ τὴν ὑπηρεσίαν προσέρχομαι αὐτῷ ἐν Θάσῳ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, καὶ ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν τήν τε ναῦν παραλαμβάνειν παρʼ ἐμοῦ ὡς διάδοχον ὄντα, καὶ τοῦ ἐπιτετριηραρχημένου χρόνου ἀποδιδόναι μοι τἀναλώματα. [¶26] 30. I was ready to reckon it up item by item, while I had by me as witnesses to the expenditures the sailors and the marines and the rowers, in order that, if he disputed anything, I might refute him at once. Everything had been recorded so accurately by me, that I had written down not only the disbursements themselves, but also the objects for which the money had been spent, the nature of the service rendered, what the price was, in the coinage of what country the payment was made, and what the loss in exchange was, in order that I might be able to give convincing proof to my successor, if he thought any false entries were being made against him. > Greek: 30. λογίσασθαι δʼ ἤθελον αὐτῷ καθʼ ἕκαστον, ἕως μοι μάρτυρες παρῆσαν τῶν ἀνηλωμένων οἵ τε ναῦται καὶ οἱ ἐπιβάται καὶ ἡ ὑπηρεσία, ἵνʼ εἴ τι ἀντιλέγοι εὐθὺς ἐξελέγχοιμι. οὕτω γάρ μοι ἀκριβῶς ἐγέγραπτο, ὥστʼ οὐ μόνον αὐτά μοι τἀναλώματα ἐγέγραπτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅποι ἀνηλώθη καὶ ὅ τι ποιούντων, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ τίς ἦν καὶ νόμισμα ποδαπόν, καὶ ὁπόσου ἡ καταλλαγὴ ἦν τῷ ἀργυρίῳ, ἵνʼ εἴη ἀκριβῶς ἐξελέγξαι με τῷ διαδόχῳ, εἴ τι ἡγοῖτο ψεῦδος αὑτῷ λογίζεσθαι. [¶27] 31. And besides I was ready to take an oath to confirm my reckoning. Upon my giving him this challenge, he answered that he had no interest in what I was saying. At this point a servant came from the general with orders for me to set sail. The order was given to me, not to the defendant, my successor, upon whom the duty was now devolving; but the reason for this I will explain in the course of my address. For the time being it seemed to me best to weigh anchor and sail where he ordered me, but when I put into Thasos again, after towing the vessels to Strymê as the general had ordered, bidding the sailors and the marines and the rowers to remain on board, I went by myself to the house where the general, Timomachus, lodged, wishing that he too should be present, when I offered the ship with her full crew to the defendant Polycles. > Greek: 31. ἔτι δὲ καὶ πίστιν αὐτῷ ἐπιθεὶς ἠθέλησα λογίσασθαι τὰ ἀνηλωμένα. προκαλουμένου δέ μου ταῦτα, ἀπεκρίνατό μοι ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτῷ μέλοι ὧν λέγοιμι. ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ὑπηρέτης ἥκων παρὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ἐμοὶ παρήγγελλεν ἀνάγεσθαι, οὐ τούτῳ τῷ διαδόχῳ, οὗ ἡ λῃτουργία ἤδη ἐγίγνετο· τούτου δὲ τὸ αἴτιον ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς προϊόντος τοῦ λόγου διδάξω. τότε μὲν οὖν μοι ἐδόκει ἀνάγεσθαι καὶ πλεῖν οἷ ἐκέλευεν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατέπλευσα πάλιν εἰς Θάσον, ἑλκύσας τὰ πλοῖα εἰς Στρύμην, οἷ προσέταξεν ὁ στρατηγός, κελεύσας τοὺς ναύτας ἐν τῇ νηὶ μένειν καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας καὶ τὴν ὑπηρεσίαν, ἐκβὰς αὐτὸς πορεύομαι ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν οὗ κατήγετο Τιμόμαχος ὁ στρατηγός, βουλόμενος κἀκείνου ἐναντίον παραδιδόναι τὴν ναῦν Πολυκλεῖ τουτῳὶ πλήρη. ## 2. Sections 33–68 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-polycles/2/#p-N [¶0] 33. I found the defendant there and the trierarchs and those who were to succeed them, and some others of our citizens; and on coming in I spoke at once to Polycles in the presence of the general, and called upon him to take over the ship from me, and to pay me for the disbursements made during the period since my term of service had expired; and I asked him about the ship’s equipment, whether he would take it over, or whether he had brought equipment of his own with him. > Greek: 33. καταλαμβάνω οὖν καὶ τοῦτον ἐκεῖ καὶ τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ τοὺς διαδόχους καὶ ἄλλους τινὰς τῶν πολιτῶν, καὶ εἰσελθὼν εὐθὺς ἐναντίον τοῦ στρατηγοῦ λόγους πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐποιούμην, καὶ ἠξίουν αὐτὸν τήν τε ναῦν μοι παραλαμβάνειν καὶ τοῦ ἐπιτετριηραρχημένου χρόνου ἀποδιδόναι μοι τὰ ἀναλώματα, καὶ περὶ τῶν σκευῶν ἠρώτων αὐτόν, πότερα παραλήψεται ἢ ἴδια σκεύη ἔχων ἥκοι ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν. [¶1] 34. When I thus challenged him, he asked me why I was the only one of the trierarchs who had equipment of my own, and whether the state did not know that there were some people able to provide equipment for their ships, so that the state itself did not need to do it. “Or have you,” he said, “so far surpassed the others in wealth as to be the only one of the trierarchs to have equipment of your own and gilded ornaments?” > Greek: 34. ταῦτα δέ μου προκαλουμένου αὐτόν, ἠρώτα με διʼ ὅ τι σκεύη τε ἴδια μόνος ἔχοιμι τῶν τριηράρχων, καὶ πότερα ἡ πόλις οὐκ εἰδείη τινὰς δυναμένους σκεύη παρασχεῖν ταῖς ναυσίν, ὥστε αὐτὴ μὴ παρέχειν. ἢ σὺ τοσοῦτον ἔφη ὑπερπέπαικας πλούτῳ τοὺς ἄλλους, ὥστε καὶ σκεύη ἴδια ἔχειν καὶ κόσμον χρυσόπαστον μόνος τῶν τριηράρχων; [¶2] 35. “Who,” he continued, “could endure your madness and extravagance, a crew corrupted and accustomed to receive large sums in advance and to enjoy exemption from services normally required on board a ship, and able also to make use of the baths, and marines and rowers rendered luxurious by high wages paid in full? Bad ways,” he said, “are these you have taught the army. It is partly your fault that the troops of the other trierarchs have become more unruly, seeking to have the same treatment that yours enjoy; you ought to have done the same as the other trierarchs.” > Greek: 35. τίς ἂν οὖν δύναιτʼ ἔφη τὴν σὴν μανίαν καὶ πολυτέλειαν ὑπομεῖναι, διεφθαρμένον μὲν πλήρωμα καὶ εἰωθὸς ἀργύριον πολὺ προλαμβάνειν καὶ ἀτελείας ἄγειν τῶν νομιζομένων ἐν τῇ νηὶ λῃτουργιῶν καὶ λοῦσθαι ἐν βαλανείῳ, τρυφῶντας δʼ ἐπιβάτας καὶ ὑπηρεσίαν ὑπὸ μισθοῦ πολλοῦ καὶ ἐντελοῦς; κακῶν δʼ, ἔφη, διδάσκαλος γέγονας ἐν τῷ στρατεύματι, καὶ αἴτιος εἶ μέρος τι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τριηράρχοις πονηροτέρους εἶναι τοὺς στρατιώτας, ζητοῦντας ταὐτὰ τοῖς παρὰ σοί· ἔδει γὰρ σὲ ταὐτὰ ποιεῖν τοῖς ἄλλοις τριηράρχοις. [¶3] 36. Upon his saying this, I answered that the reason I had taken no equipment from the docks was because, “You,” said I, “have brought the stores into bad repute. However, if you like, take this equipment of mine; if not, provide equipment for yourself. As for the sailors and marines and rowers, if you say that they have been corrupted by me, take over the ship, and get sailors and marines and rowers for yourself, who will sail with you without pay. But take over the ship, for it is not my place to serve any longer; the term of my trierarchy has expired, and I have served four months beyond it.” > Greek: 36. λέγοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ταῦτα, ἀπεκρινάμην αὐτῷ ὅτι σκεύη μὲν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ λάβοιμι ἐκ τοῦ νεωρίου, ὅτι σὺ ἀδόκιμα ἐποίησας αὐτά. ἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν βούλει, ταῦτα παράλαβε· εἰ δὲ μή, σκεύη σαυτῷ παρασκεύαζε. περὶ δὲ τῶν ναυτῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπιβατῶν καὶ τῆς ὑπηρεσίας, εἰ φὴς ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ αὐτοὺς διεφθάρθαι, παραλαβὼν τὴν τριήρη αὐτὸς σαυτῷ κατασκεύασαι καὶ ναύτας καὶ ἐπιβάτας καὶ ὑπηρεσίαν, οἵτινές σοι μηδὲν λαβόντες συμπλεύσονται. τὴν δὲ ναῦν παράλαβε· οὐ γὰρ ἔτι μοι προσήκει τριηραρχεῖν· ὅ τε γὰρ χρόνος ἐξήκει μοι τῆς τριηραρχίας, καὶ ἐπιτετριηράρχηκα τέτταρας μῆνας. [¶4] 37. When I said this to him, he answered that his colleague in the trierarchy had not come to the ship. “So,” said he, “I will not take over the ship alone.” To prove that I am telling you the truth in this, that in the market-place he made the answer mentioned above, that he cared nothing for what I was saying, and that in the house where Timomachus lodged he declared that he would not take over the ship alone—the clerk shall read you the depositions bearing on these facts. The Depositions After this, men of the jury, when the defendant would neither take over the ship from me nor pay the expenses for the period beyond my term, and the general ordered me to set sail, I approached him in the harbor in Thasos, and in the presence of the general, when the ship was fully manned, and made a proposal, which was not indeed fair, since the advantage was all on his side, but which was forced upon me by the circumstances. > Greek: 37. λέγοντος δέ μου ταῦτα, ἀποκρίνεταί μοι ὅτι ὁ συντριήραρχος αὐτῷ οὐχ ἥκοι ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν· οὔκουν παραλήψομαι μόνος τὴν τριήρη. ὡς οὖν ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λέγω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐν μὲν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἀπεκρίνατό μοι τὰ πρότερον, ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτῷ μέλοι ὧν λέγοιμι, ἐν δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ οὗ ὁ Τιμόμαχος κατήγετο, ὅτι μόνος οὐ παραλήψεται τὴν ναῦν, τούτων ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. μετὰ ταῦτα τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὡς οὔτε οὗτος ἤθελέ μοι τὴν ναῦν διαδέχεσθαι, οὔτε τὰ ἀναλώματα ἀπεδίδου τοῦ ἐπιτετριηραρχημένου χρόνου, ὅ τε στρατηγὸς προσέταττέ μοι ἀνάγεσθαι, προσελθὼν αὐτῷ ἐν Θάσῳ ἐν τῷ λιμένι ἐναντίον τοῦ στρατηγοῦ, πλήρους οὔσης τῆς τριήρους, ἔλεγον ἃ δίκαια μὲν οὐκ ἦν, ἀλλὰ πλεονεκτήματα τούτου, ἀναγκαῖα δέ μοι ἐκ τῶν παρόντων εἰπεῖν, ἐπειδή σοι φής, ὦ Πολύκλεις, τὸν συντριήραρχον οὐχ ἥκειν, τοῦ μὲν ἐπιτετριηραρχημένου χρόνου ἐκεῖνον ἐγὼ πράξομαι τὰ ἀναλώματα, ἂν δύνωμαι, τῶν τεττάρων μηνῶν· [¶5] 39. “Since you say, Polycles, that your associate in the trierarchy has not come, I will get from him, if I can, the amount expended during my extra time of service, the four months; but do you take over the ship, and first serve as trierarch for your term, the six months; then, if your colleague shall have arrived in the interim, you will give over the ship, having fulfilled your term of service; and, if he does not come, you will suffer no great harm in serving two months beyond your term.” > Greek: 39. σὺ δὲ παραλαβὼν τὴν ναῦν πρῶτον μὲν τὸν ὑπὲρ σεαυτοῦ χρόνον τριηράρχησον, τοὺς ἓξ μῆνας· ἔπειτʼ ἐὰν μέν σοι ἔλθῃ ἐν τούτῳ ὁ συντριήραρχος, ἐκείνῳ παραδώσεις λῃτουργήσας, ἐὰν δὲ μή, οὐδὲν δεινὸν πείσει δύο μῆνας ἐπιτριηραρχήσας. [¶6] 40. “Or, am I, who have served for my own term and that of my colleague, to have performed extra service as trierarch for you and your associate, and are you, who have incurred no expense, to refuse either to take over the ship and serve your own term, or to reimburse me for the expenses I have borne?” When I said this, he answered that I was romancing. Then the general ordered me to go on board my ship and put to sea with him. To prove that he did give me this answer, (to the clerk) please read the deposition. The Deposition I wish now to mention a matter to you, to the end that you may understand how flagrantly I have been wronged. > Greek: 40. ἢ ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ τόν τε ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ χρόνον καὶ τοῦ συντριηράρχου λελῃτουργηκὼς ἐπετριηράρχησα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, σὺ δʼ οὐδὲν ἀνηλωκὼς οὐκ ἀξιοῖς οὐδὲ τὸν ὑπὲρ σεαυτοῦ χρόνον, παραλαβὼν τὴν ναῦν, λῃτουργῆσαι, οὐδὲ τὰ ἀναλώματʼ ἀποδοῦναι; λέγοντος δέ μου ταῦτα, ἀπεκρίνατό μοι ὅτι μύθους λέγοιμι. ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἐμβαίνειν με ἐκέλευεν εἰς τὴν ναῦν καὶ ἀνάγεσθαι μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ. ὡς οὖν ταῦτʼ ἀπεκρίνατο, ἀνάγνωθί μοι τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. [¶7] 41. For about the same time Mnesilochus of Perithoidae and Phrasierides of Anaphlystus were appointed to succeed Hagnias and Praxicles. But, since Phrasierides did not arrive to join the ship, Mnesilochus went to Thasos and took over the trireme from Hagnias, and paid to Hagnias what the latter convinced him was due for the expenses he had incurred on their behalf while serving as trierarch beyond his time, and hired from Hagnias the ship’s equipment, and assumed himself the duties of trierarch. > Greek: 41. βούλομαι δʼ ὑμῖν καὶ τεκμήριόν τι εἰπεῖν, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε ὅτι περιφανῶς ἠδίκημαι. Ἁγνίᾳ γὰρ καὶ Πραξικλεῖ ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον κατέστησαν διάδοχοι Μνησίλοχός τε ὁ Περιθοίδης καὶ Φρασιηρίδης ὁ Ἀναφλύστιος. οὐκ ἀφικομένου δὲ τοῦ Φρασιηρίδου ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν, ὁ Μνησίλοχος ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν Θάσον παρέλαβέ τε παρὰ τοῦ Ἁγνίου τὴν τριήρη, καὶ τὸ ἐπιτριηράρχημα ἀπέδωκεν τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ τοῦ χρόνου οὗ ἐπανήλωσεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, ὅσον ἔπεισεν, καὶ τὰ σκεύη παρὰ τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἐμισθώσατο, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐτριηράρχει. [¶8] 42. Afterwards, when the men from Phrasierides came, they paid his share of the expenses to Mnesilochus, and for the remainder of the term joined in meeting whatever expenditures he required for the ship. (To the clerk.) Read, please, the deposition establishing these facts. The Deposition Perhaps, now, men of the jury, you want to hear for what possible reason the general failed to compel the defendant to take over the ship, when he came to it as my successor, the laws on the matter being so strict. > Greek: 42. ὕστερον δʼ οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Φρασιηρίδου ἐλθόντες τῶν τε ἀνηλωμένων τὸ μέρος ἀπέδοσαν τῷ Μνησιλόχῳ, καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ χρόνου ὅσα ἐδεῖτο εἰς τὴν ναῦν συνανήλισκον. καί μοι τούτων ἀνάγνωθι τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. [¶9] 43. In regard to this I wish to show you clearly why it was. For Timomachus, men of the jury, wished above all things to have the trireme well equipped for every service. He knew, however, that the defendant, if he took over the ship, would manage wretchedly as trierarch; that he would get service neither from the crew nor the marines nor the rowers, for not one of them would stay with him. Besides, he knew that, if he ordered him to sail without giving him money, he would not put out to sea at his bidding, as I should do, but would make trouble. And in addition to this he borrowed from him thirty minae on the understanding that he would not force him to take over the ship. > Greek: 43. ἴσως οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ποθεῖτε ἀκοῦσαι, διὰ τί ποτε ὁ στρατηγὸς οὐκ ἠνάγκαζε τοῦτον παραλαμβάνειν τὴν ναῦν, διάδοχον ἥκοντα ἐπʼ αὐτήν, τῶν νόμων οὕτως ἰσχυρῶν ὄντων. περὶ δὴ τούτων βούλομαι ὑμᾶς σαφῶς διδάξαι τὸ αἴτιον. Τιμόμαχος γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρῶτον μὲν ἐβούλετο εὖ κατεσκευασμένῃ τῇ τριήρει πρὸς ἅπαντα χρῆσθαι. ᾔδειν οὖν ὅτι οὗτος μὲν παραλαβὼν αὐτὴν κακῶς ἔμελλε τριηραρχήσειν· οὔτε γὰρ τῷ τριηραρχήματι οὔτε τοῖς ἐπιβάταις καὶ τῇ ὑπηρεσίᾳ χρήσοιτο· οὐδεὶς γὰρ αὐτῷ παραμενεῖ. ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις, ὁπότε μὴ διδοὺς ἀργύριον προστάττοι πλεῖν, οὐκ ἔμελλεν αὐτῷ ἀνάξεσθαι ὥσπερ ἐγώ, ἀλλὰ πράγματα παρέξειν. πρὸς δὲ τούτῳ δανείζεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ τριάκοντα μνᾶς, ὥστε μὴ ἀναγκάσαι παραλαβεῖν τὴν ναῦν. [¶10] 45. But why it was that he was especially incensed against me and treated me despitefully, and would never on any occasion listen to a word from me regarding any matter, I wish to show you clearly, that you may understand that I cared less at that time for my own comfort or for the general’s power than for the people of Athens and the laws, and that I endured ill-treatment and abuse, which were far more grievous to me than the expenses I incurred. > Greek: 45. ἐξ ὧν δὲ μάλιστά μοι ὀργισθεὶς ἐπηρέαζε καὶ οὐδὲ λόγον ἑκάστοτε ἐδίδου οὐδὲ περὶ ἑνός, βούλομαι ὑμῖν σαφῶς διηγήσασθαι, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε ὅτι οὐ περὶ πλείονος ἐποιούμην οὔτε τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ῥᾳστώνην ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ χρόνῳ οὔτε τὴν ἐκείνου ῥώμην τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ἀθηναίων καὶ τῶν νόμων, ἀλλʼ ἠνειχόμην καὶ ἔργῳ ἀδικούμενος καὶ λόγῳ προπηλακιζόμενος, ἃ πολλῷ μοι βαρύτερα ἦν τῶν ἀναλωμάτων. [¶11] 46. For, while the fleet was lying at Thasos, a despatch-boat came from Methonê in Macedonia to Thasos, bringing a man with letters from Callistratus to Timomachus, which, as I afterward learned, contained a request that he should send the swiftest-sailing ship he had to bring Callistratus to him. At once, then, at daybreak the next morning, the officer from the general came and ordered me to summon my crew to the ship. > Greek: 46. ὡς γὰρ ἐν Θάσῳ διατριβαὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ ἐγίγνοντο, ἀφικνεῖται ἐκ Μεθώνης τῆς Μακεδονίας ὑπηρετικὸν εἰς Θάσον ἄγον ἄνδρα καὶ ἐπιστολὰς παρὰ Καλλιστράτου ὡς Τιμόμαχον, ἐν αἷς ἦν, ὡς ὕστερον ἐγὼ ταῦτʼ ἐπυθόμην, ἀποπέμψαι αὐτῷ τριήρη τὴν ἄριστα πλέουσαν, ἵνʼ ἀφίκηται ὡς αὐτόν. εὐθὺς οὖν τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ ὑπηρέτης ἐλθὼν ἐκέλευέ με καλεῖν εἰς τὴν ναῦν τοὺς ναύτας. [¶12] 47. When it was manned, Callippus, the son of Philon, of Aexonê, came on board, and ordered the pilot to steer the course for Macedonia. When we had reached a place on the opposite mainland, a trading post of the Thasians, and had gone ashore and were getting our dinner, one of the sailors, Callicles, the son of Epitrephes, of Thria, came up to me, and said that he wished to speak to me about a matter which concerned myself. I bade him speak on, and he said that he wanted to make what return he could for the help I had given him in his need. > Greek: 47. ἐπεὶ δὲ πλήρης ἦν, ἀναβαίνει Κάλλιππος ὁ Φίλωνος ὁ Αἰξωνεύς, καὶ φράζει πρὸς τὸν κυβερνήτην τὸν ἐπὶ Μακεδονίας πλοῦν πλεῖν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀφικόμεθα εἰς χωρίον τι ἐν τῇ ἀπαντικρὺ ἠπείρῳ, Θασίων ἐμπόριον, καὶ ἐκβάντες ἠριστοποιούμεθα, προσέρχεταί μοι τῶν ναυτῶν Καλλικλῆς Ἐπιτρέφους Θριάσιος, λέγων ὅτι βούλοιτό μοι διαλεχθῆναι ἐμόν τι πρᾶγμα. κελεύσαντος δέ μου, λέγει ὅτι βούλοιτό μοι χάριν ἀποδοῦναι καθʼ ὅ τι δύναται ὧν αὐτῷ ἀπορηθέντι ἔδωκα· [¶13] 48. “Do you know, then,” he asked, “for what purpose you are making this voyage, and where you are going?” When I replied that I did not know, he said, “Then I will tell you; for you must learn this in order to plan your action aright. You are going,” said he, “to bring Callistratus, an exile whom the Athenians have twice condemned to death, from Methonê to Thasos to Timomachus, his kinsman by marriage. I have found this out,” he said, “from the servants of Callippus. For your own part, then, if you are wise, you will not permit any exile to come on board the ship; for the laws forbid it.” > Greek: 48. σὺ οὖν, ἔφη, τὸν πλοῦν τοῦτον οἶσθα ἐφʼ ὅ τι πλεῖς ἢ ποῖ; ἀποκριναμένου δέ μου ὅτι οὐκ εἰδείην, ἀλλʼ ἐγώ σοι, ἔφη, ἐρῶ· δεῖ γάρ σε ἀκούσαντα ὀρθῶς βουλεύσασθαι. μέλλεις γάρ, ἔφη, ἄγειν ἄνδρα φυγάδα, οὗ Ἀθηναῖοι θάνατον δὶς κατεψηφίσαντο, Καλλίστρατον ἐκ Μεθώνης εἰς Θάσον ὡς Τιμόμαχον τὸν κηδεστήν, ὡς ἐγώ, ἔφη, πέπυσμαι τῶν παίδων τῶν Καλλίππου. σὺ οὖν, ἐὰν σωφρονῇς, οὐδένα τῶν φευγόντων ἐάσεις ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ἀναβαίνειν· οὐ γὰρ ἐῶσιν οἱ νόμοι. [¶14] 49. On hearing this from Callicles, I approached Callippus, and asked him to what place he was sailing, and whom he was going to fetch. He spoke roughly to me and threatened me in a way you can easily understand (for you are not without experience of the ways of Callippus), and I said to him, “I hear that you are sailing to fetch Callistratus. Now, I will transport no exile, nor will I go to fetch him; for the laws forbid anyone to give harborage to any exile, and make one who does so liable to the same punishment. I shall, therefore, sail back to the general in Thasos.” > Greek: 49. ἀκούσας δʼ ἐγὼ ταῦτα τοῦ Καλλικλέους προσέρχομαι τῷ Καλλίππῳ, καὶ ἐρωτῶ αὐτὸν ὅποι τε τὸν πλοῦν ποιεῖται καὶ ἐπὶ τίνα. διαχλευάσαντος δʼ αὐτοῦ με καὶ ἀπειλήσαντος ἃ οὐδʼ ἂν ὑμεῖς ἀγνοήσαιτε (τοῦ γὰρ τρόπου τοῦ Καλλίππου οὐκ ἀπείρως ἔχετε), λέγω αὐτῷ ὅτι ἀκούω σε πλεῖν ἐπὶ Καλλίστρατον. ἐγὼ οὖν τῶν φευγόντων οὐδένα ἄξω, οὐδὲ πλεύσομαι ἐπʼ αὐτόν· οἱ γὰρ νόμοι οὐκ ἐῶσιν ὑποδέχεσθαι τῶν φευγόντων οὐδένα, ἢ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς κελεύουσιν ἐνέχεσθαι τὸν ὑποδεχόμενον τοὺς φεύγοντας. ἀποπλεύσομαι οὖν πάλιν ὡς τὸν στρατηγὸν εἰς Θάσον. [¶15] 50. So, when the sailors came on board, I ordered the pilot to sail back to Thasos. Callippus protested, and bade him sail for Macedonia in accordance with the general’s commands; but Posidippus, the pilot, answered him that I was trierarch of the ship, and the one responsible, and that he got his pay from me; he would sail, therefore, whither I bade him sail—to Thasos, to the general. > Greek: 50. καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐνέβησαν οἱ ναῦται, λέγω τῷ κυβερνήτῃ ἀποπλεῖν εἰς τὴν Θάσον. ἀντιλέγοντος δὲ τοῦ Καλλίππου καὶ κελεύοντος πλεῖν εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν, οἷ προσέταξεν ὁ στρατηγός, ἀποκρίνεται αὐτῷ Ποσείδιππος ὁ κυβερνήτης ὅτι τριήραρχός τε ἐγὼ τῆς νεὼς εἴην καὶ ὑπεύθυνος, καὶ τὸν μισθὸν παρʼ ἐμοῦ λαμβάνοι· πλεύσοιτο οὖν οἷ ἐγὼ κελεύω, εἰς Θάσον ὡς τὸν στρατηγόν. [¶16] 51. When we reached Thasos the next day, Timomachus sent for me to come to the place where he lodged outside the wall. I was afraid that he would put me under arrest on false charges preferred by Callippus, so did not obey the summons in person, but told the officer that, if he had anything to say to me, I should be in the market-place; and I sent my servant with him, in order that, if the general had any orders to give he might hear and report to me. > Greek: 51. ἀφικομένων δʼ ἡμῶν τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ εἰς τὴν Θάσον, μεταπέμπεταί με ὁ Τιμόμαχος, οὗ κατήγετο ἔξω τείχους. φοβούμενος δʼ ἐγὼ μὴ δεθείην διαβληθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Καλλίππου, αὐτὸς μὲν οὐχ ὑπακούω, ἀλλὰ λέγω τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ ὅτι εἴ τι βούλοιτό μοι διαλέγεσθαι, ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἔσομαι, τὸν δὲ παῖδα συμπέμπω αὐτῷ, ἵνʼ εἴ τί μοι προστάττοι, ἀκούσας ἀπαγγείλαι μοι. [¶17] 52. It was for this reason, which I have stated to you, men of the jury, that Timomachus did not force the defendant to take over the ship, and besides, he wanted the use of the ship for himself, as she was the best sailer. As for the trireme of Thrasylochus of Anagyrus, on board which he was himself sailing, he induced Thrasylochus to let his trierarchy to Callippus, that Callippus, being in full control of the ship, might carry Callistratus about, as he pleased. Timomachus himself came on board my ship, and sailed around here and there until he reached the Hellespont. > Greek: 52. διὰ μὲν ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἃς εἴρηκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὁ Τιμόμαχος οὐκ ἠνάγκαζε παραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον τὴν ναῦν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ βουλόμενος αὐτὸς χρῆσθαι τῇ νηὶ ὡς ἄριστα πλεούσῃ. τὴν μὲν γὰρ [τοῦ] Θρασυλόχου τοῦ Ἀναγυρασίου τριήρη, ἐφʼ ἧς αὐτὸς ἔπλει, τὸν Θρασύλοχον τῷ Καλλίππῳ μισθῶσαι τὴν τριηραρχίαν ἔπεισεν, ἵνʼ αὐτοκράτωρ ὢν ὁ Κάλλιππος τῆς νεὼς ἄγοι τὸν Καλλίστρατον· αὐτὸς δʼ ἀναβὰς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμὴν ναῦν περιέπλει πανταχοῖ, ἕως ἀφίκετο εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον. [¶18] 53. When he had no longer need of ships of war, he put on board my vessel Eucinus of Pallenê, as commander, and, enjoining upon him to give the sailors money every day, ordered me to sail for home. When, then, on our homeward voyage we were in Tenedos, and Lucinus, despite the orders given him by Timomachus, was furnishing no money for sustenance to the sailors (he said he had none, but should get some from Mytilenê), and the men had nothing with which to buy provisions, and without food could not have continued rowing, again taking some of our citizens as witnesses I approached the defendant in Tenedos, and bade him take over the ship as my successor, and to reimburse me for the expenses I had incurred while I serving as trierarch in his stead beyond my term. I did this in order that he might not make use of the pretext, in his defence before you, that I refused to hand over the ship to him because I was ambitious to sail home in a fast-sailing ship and show off to you my lavish expenditure. > Greek: 53. ἐπειδὴ δʼ οὐκέτι χρεία ἦν αὐτῷ τριήρων, ἐμβιβάσας μοι Λυκῖνον τὸν Παλληνέα ἄρχοντα εἰς τὴν ναῦν, καὶ προστάξας αὐτῷ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀργύριον διδόναι τοῖς ναύταις, ἀποπλεῖν οἴκαδέ με ἐκέλευεν. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν καταπλέοντες οἴκαδε ἦμεν ἐν Τενέδῳ, καὶ οὔτε ὁ Λυκῖνος, ᾧ προσέταξεν ὁ Τιμόμαχος, ἐδίδου τοῖς ναύταις σιτηρέσιον (οὐ γὰρ ἔφη ἔχειν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ Μυτιλήνης λήψεσθαι), οἵ τε στρατιῶται εἶχον οὐδὲν ὅτου ἂν ἐπεσιτίσαντο, ἄσιτοι δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ἐλαύνειν, πάλιν παραλαβὼν ἐγὼ μάρτυρας τῶν πολιτῶν, προσελθὼν Πολυκλεῖ τουτῳὶ ἐν Τενέδῳ, ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν τήν τε ναῦν παραλαμβάνειν ὡς διάδοχον ὄντα, καὶ τὸ ἐπιτριηράρχημα ἀποδιδόναι τοῦ χρόνου οὗ ἐπανήλωσα ὑπὲρ τούτου ἐπιτριηραρχῶν, ἵνα μὴ πρόφασις αὐτῷ γένοιτο ἀπολογίας πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὡς ἐγὼ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἤθελον αὐτῷ παραδοῦναι τὴν ναῦν φιλοτιμούμενος, ἵνα καταπλεύσαιμι οἴκαδε ἐπὶ νεὼς εὖ πλεούσης καὶ ἐνδειξαίμην ὑμῖν τὰ ἀναλώματα. [¶19] 55. Since he refused to take over the ship, and the sailors were asking for money that they might buy supplies, I came up to him again, having witnesses with me, and asked whether he had come out with money with the purpose of taking over the ship from me, or not. On his replying that he had brought money with him, I urged him to lend me some on the security of the ship’s equipment, that I might distribute it among the sailors and bring the ship home, seeing that he refused to take over the ship, although he was my successor. > Greek: 55. οὐκ ἐθέλοντος δʼ αὐτοῦ παραλαμβάνειν, τῶν δὲ ναυτῶν ἀργύριον αἰτούντων ἵνα ἀγοράσωνται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, πάλιν αὐτῷ προσέρχομαι μάρτυρας ἔχων, καὶ ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν ἔχων ἀργύριον ὡς διαδεξόμενός μοι τὴν ναῦν, ἢ οὔ. ἀποκριναμένου δʼ αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἔχων ἀργύριον ἥκοι, ἐκέλευον αὐτόν μοι δανεῖσαι ὑποθέμενον τὰ σκεύη τῆς νεώς, ἵνʼ ἔχοιμι διαδοῦναι τοῖς ναύταις καὶ κατακομίσαι τὴν ναῦν, ἐπειδὴ οὐ βούλεται παραλαβεῖν διάδοχος ὤν. [¶20] 56. To this request of mine he replied that he would not lend me a farthing. Accordingly I borrowed from Cleanax and Eperatus, friends of my father in Tenedos, and gave the sailors their provision-money; for on account of my being Pasion’s son, and the fact that he was connected by ties of hospitality with many, and was trusted throughout the Greek world, I had no difficulty in borrowing money wherever I needed it. To prove that the statements I am making to you are true, I shall produce for you the depositions establishing these facts. The Depositions The clerk has read the depositions of all those whom I was able to produce, who were present in person, to prove that I again and again offered to give over the ship to Polycles, and that he refused to take it. > Greek: 56. δεομένου δέ μου ταῦτα, ἀπεκρίνατό μοι ὅτι οὐδʼ ἀκαρῆ δανείσοι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν παρὰ ξένων Τενεδίων τοῦ πατρός, Κλεάνακτος καὶ Ἐπηράτου, ἐδανεισάμην καὶ ἔδωκα τοῖς ναύταις τὸ σιτηρέσιον· διὰ γὰρ τὸ Πασίωνος εἶναι καὶ ἐκεῖνον ἐπεξενῶσθαι πολλοῖς καὶ πιστευθῆναι ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι οὐκ ἠπόρουν, ὅπου δεηθείην, δανείσασθαι. ὡς οὖν ταῦτα ἀληθῆ πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγω, τούτων ὑμῖν τὰς μαρτυρίας παρέξομαι. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [¶21] 57. More than that, I have shown by convincing circumstantial evidence, why it was that he refused to take over the ship. I desire now to have read to you the law also regarding those appointed to succeed others in the trierarchy, that you may know how severe the penalties are when a man fails to take over a ship from his predecessor within the appointed time, and how Polycles scoffed, not at me only, but at you and at the laws. > Greek: 57. ὅσων μὲν τοίνυν ὑμῖν ἐδυνάμην τὰς μαρτυρίας παρασχέσθαι τῶν παραγενομένων, ὡς παρεδίδουν τὴν ναῦν Πολυκλεῖ πολλάκις, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἤθελεν παραλαβεῖν, ἀνέγνωκεν ὑμῖν· ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐκ τεκμηρίων ἱκανῶν δεδήλωκα ὑμῖν, διʼ ὅ τι οὐκ ἤθελεν παραλαβεῖν τὴν ναῦν. βούλομαι δʼ ὑμῖν καὶ τὸν νόμον ἀναγνωσθῆναι τὸν περὶ τῶν διαδόχων, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε ἡλίκων τῶν ἐπιτιμίων ὄντων, ἐάν τις μὴ διαδέξηται τὴν ναῦν ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τῷ εἰρημένῳ, κατεφρόνησεν οὐκ ἐμοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων. [¶22] 58. So far as he is concerned, all measures undertaken by the state and her allies have failed; for he neither joined his ship, as the law commands, nor, when he did come, was he willing to take over the ship from his predecessor; whereas I served for my own term and that of my associate in the trierarchy, and when my term of service had expired and I was ordered by the general to sail to Hieron, I convoyed the grain for our people, that they might buy in a plentiful market, and that, so far as depended on me, there should be no lack; and I performed for the general every other service which he desired either of myself or of my trireme, not only spending my property, but risking my life as well through always making the voyage in person, although my domestic affairs were in such a condition at that time that you would pity me, if you heard them. > Greek: 58. καὶ διὰ μὲν τοῦτον πάντα τῇ πόλει ἄπρακτα γέγονεν καὶ τοῖς συμμάχοις· οὔτε γὰρ ἀφίκετο ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν κατὰ τὸν νόμον, οὔτʼ ἐπειδὴ ἦλθεν ἠθέλησε διαδέξασθαι· ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ ὑμῖν χρόνον καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ συντριηράρχου ἐλῃτούργησα, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐξῆλθέ μοι ὁ χρόνος τῆς τριηραρχίας, προστάττοντός μοι τοῦ στρατηγοῦ πλεῖν ἐφʼ Ἱερὸν παρέπεμψα τῷ δήμῳ τὸν σῖτον, ἵνα ἔχητε ἄφθονον ὠνεῖσθαι καὶ μηδὲν ὑμῖν ⟨τὸ⟩ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἐλλείπηται, καὶ ἄλλα ὅσα ἢ ἐμοὶ ἢ τῇ τριήρει ἐβουλήθη ὁ στρατηγὸς χρῆσθαι, παρέσχον αὐτῷ, οὐ μόνον τὴν οὐσίαν ἀναλίσκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ σώματι κινδυνεύων συνεπιπλέων, τῶν οἰκείων μοι πραγμάτων τοιούτων συμβεβηκότων ἐν τῷ τότε καιρῷ, ὥστε ὑμᾶς ἂν ἀκούσαντας ἐλεῆσαι. [¶23] 60. My mother lay sick, and was at the point of death while I was abroad, so that she was unable any longer to help in the depletion of my resources save to a slight extent. I had been but six days at home, when, after she had seen and greeted me, she breathed her last, being no longer mistress of her property, so as to give me I as much as she wished. She had often sent for me before this, begging me to come to her by myself if I could not come in my ship. > Greek: 60. ἡ μέν γε μήτηρ ἔκαμνε καὶ ἐπιθάνατος ἦν ἐμοῦ ἀποδημοῦντος, ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι [ἂν] ἔτι αὐτὴν βοηθῆσαι τοῖς ἐμοῖς πράγμασιν ἀνηλωμένοις ἀλλʼ ἢ βραχέα. ἑκταῖος γὰρ ἥκων ἐτύγχανον, καὶ ἐκείνη ἰδοῦσά με καὶ προσειποῦσα τὴν ψυχὴν ἀφῆκεν, οὐκέτι τῶν ὄντων κυρία οὖσα ὥστε δοῦναι ὅσα ἐβούλετό μοι. πολλάκις δὲ πρότερον μετεπέμπετό με, ἀφικέσθαι δεομένη αὐτόν, εἰ μὴ τῇ τριήρει οἷόν τε εἴη. [¶24] 61. My wife, too, to whom I am deeply attached, was in poor health for a long time during my absence; my children were small and my estate was in debt; my land not only produced no crops, but that year, as you all know, the water even dried up in the wells, so that not a vegetable grew in the garden; and my creditors at the expiration of the year came to collect their interest, unless the principal was paid to them according to the contract. > Greek: 61. ἡ δὲ γυνή, ἣν ἐγὼ περὶ πλείστου ποιοῦμαι, ἀσθενῶς διέκειτο πολὺν χρόνον ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ ἀποδημίᾳ· τὰ δὲ παιδία μικρά, ἡ δὲ οὐσία ὑπόχρεως· ἡ δὲ γῆ οὐχ ὅπως τινὰ καρπὸν ἤνεγκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ, ὡς πάντες ἴστε, ἐκ τῶν φρεάτων ἐπέλιπεν, ὥστε μηδὲ λάχανον γενέσθαι ἐν τῷ κήπῳ· οἱ δὲ δεδανεικότες ἧκον ἐπὶ τοὺς τόκους, ἐπειδὴ ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς ἐξῆλθεν, εἰ μή τις ἀποδοίη αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὰς συγγραφάς. [¶25] 62. When I heard these facts from the lips of those who came and also through letters from my relatives, how do you think I must have felt, and how many tears must I have shed, while I reckoned up my present troubles and was longing to see my children and my wife, and my mother whom I had little hope of finding alive? For what is sweeter to a man than these, or why should one wish to live, if deprived of them? > Greek: 62. ὧν ἀκούοντά με καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀφικνουμένων λόγῳ, τὰ δὲ καὶ διʼ ἐπιστολῶν παρὰ τῶν οἰκείων, τίνα με οἴεσθε ψυχὴν ἔχειν ἢ πόσα δάκρυα ἀφιέναι, τὰ μὲν ἐκλογιζόμενον περὶ τῶν παρόντων, τὰ δὲ καὶ ποθοῦντα ἰδεῖν παιδία καὶ γυναῖκα καὶ μητέρα, ἣν ἐγὼ οὐ πολλὰς ἐλπίδας εἶχον ζῶσαν καταλήψεσθαι; ὧν τί ἥδιόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ, ἢ τοῦ ἕνεκʼ ἄν τις εὔξαιτο τούτων στερηθεὶς ζῆν. [¶26] 63. Although the misfortunes which had befallen me were thus grievous, I did not count my private interests of so much importance as your interests, but felt that I ought to rise above the wasting of my fortune, the neglect of my household affairs, and the sickness of my wife and my mother, so that no one could accuse me of deserting my post or letting my ship be useless to the state. > Greek: 63. τοιούτων τοίνυν μοι συμβεβηκότων τῶν πραγμάτων, οὐ περὶ πλείονος ἐποιησάμην τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ ἴδια ἢ τὰ ὑμέτερα, ἀλλʼ ἡγούμην δεῖν καὶ χρημάτων ἀναλισκομένων κρείττων εἶναι καὶ τῶν οἴκοι ἀμελουμένων καὶ γυναικὸς καὶ μητρὸς νοσούσης, ὥστε μήτε τὴν τάξιν αἰτιᾶσθαί μέ τινα λιπεῖν μήτε τὴν τριήρη τῇ πόλει ἄχρηστον γενέσθαι. [¶27] 64. In return for all this I now implore you, that, as I showed myself obedient and useful in your service, so you will now take thought of me, and, remembering all that I have told you, the depositions which I have produced and the decrees, you will succor me when I am being wronged, will mete out punishment in your own interest, and will exact repayment of the funds expended in the defendant’s behalf. Or who will wish to be zealous on your service, when men see that you neither reward those who are honest and obedient, nor punish those who are dishonest and disobedient? > Greek: 64. ἀνθʼ ὧν ἁπάντων νῦν ὑμῶν δέομαι, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν εὔτακτον καὶ χρήσιμον ἐμαυτὸν παρέσχον, οὕτω καὶ ὑμᾶς νυνὶ περὶ ἐμοῦ πρόνοιαν ποιησαμένους, καὶ ἀναμνησθέντας ἁπάντων ὧν τε διηγησάμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τῶν τε μαρτυριῶν ὧν παρεσχόμην καὶ τῶν ψηφισμάτων, βοηθῆσαι μὲν ἐμοὶ ἀδικουμένῳ, τιμωρήσασθαι δʼ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ⟨αὐτῶν⟩, εἰσπρᾶξαι δὲ τὰ ὑπὲρ τούτου ἀνηλωμένα. ἢ τίς ἐθελήσει φιλοτιμεῖσθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὅταν ὁρῶσι μήτε τοῖς χρηστοῖς καὶ εὐτάκτοις χάριν οὖσαν, μήτε τοῖς πονηροῖς καὶ ἀκοσμοῦσιν τιμωρίαν παρʼ ὑμῶν. [¶28] 65. The clerk shall read you the law and an account of my expenses in detail for the period during which I served as trierarch beyond my term on the defendant’s behalf, and the sums which the several deserters took with them when they ran away from the ship, and where they went, in order that you may be assured that neither now nor at any time before have I made false statements to you. I count it my duty to serve you in a manner above reproach for the period prescribed by law, and as regards those who scorn you and the laws, and will not obey the laws, to convict them and get them punished in your courts. > Greek: 65. ἀναγνώσεται δὲ καὶ τὸν νόμον ὑμῖν καὶ τὰ ἀναλώματα τοῦ χρόνου οὗ ἐπετριηράρχησα ὑπὲρ τούτου, καθʼ ἕκαστον, καὶ τοὺς λιπόνεως, ὅσον ἕκαστος ἔχων ἀργύριον ἀπέδρα καὶ ὅπου, ἵνα εἰδῆτε ὅτι οὔτε νῦν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ψεῦδος οὐδὲν λέγω οὔτε ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ, ἡγοῦμαί τε δεῖν τὸν μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν νόμων χρόνον ὡρισμένον ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν λῃτουργεῖν, τοὺς δὲ καταφρονοῦντας καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλοντας πείθεσθαι τοῖς νόμοις ἐξελέγξας ἀδικοῦντας ἐν ὑμῖν τιμωρήσασθαι. [¶29] 66. Be assured that it will be no more in my interest than in your own that you will punish Polycles, nor will you be showing concern merely for those who have served as trierarchs in the past; no, you will be taking thought also for those who are to serve in the future, so that those who perform public services may not be discouraged, and those who are designated as their successors may not show contempt toward the laws, but may go to their ships when they are appointed. These matters you should bear in mind, and reach a fair and just decision regarding all the points at issue. > Greek: 66. εὖ δʼ ἴστε ὅτι οὐ περὶ τῶν ἐμῶν ἰδίων μᾶλλον τιμωρήσεσθε Πολυκλέα ἢ οὐχ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν παρεληλυθότων τριηράρχων ἐπιμέλειαν ποιήσεσθε μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων πρόνοιαν, ὥστε μήτε τοὺς λῃτουργοῦντας ἀθυμεῖν, μήτε τοὺς διαδόχους καταφρονεῖν τῶν νόμων, ἀλλʼ ἀπιέναι ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς, ὅταν κατασταθῶσιν. ἃ προσήκει ὑμᾶς ἐνθυμηθέντας ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως διαγνῶναι περὶ ἁπάντων. [¶30] 67. I should gladly ask you, men of the jury, what opinion you would have had of me, if, when my term of service had expired and the defendant had not come to take over the ship, I had refused to serve longer when the general so ordered, but had sailed away. Would you not have been indignant and have thought that I was wronging you? If, then, you would have been indignant in that case, because I refused to serve beyond my term, should you not now exact from the defendant the money expended by me on his behalf, seeing that he did not take over the ship? > Greek: 67. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν ὑμῶν πυθοίμην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τίνʼ ἄν ποτε γνώμην περὶ ἐμοῦ εἴχετε, εἰ τοῦ τε χρόνου ἐξήκοντος καὶ τούτου μὴ ἥκοντος ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν μὴ ἐπετριηράρχησα κελεύοντος τοῦ στρατηγοῦ, ἀλλὰ πλέων ᾠχόμην. ἆρʼ οὐκ ἂν ὠργίζεσθέ μοι καὶ ἡγεῖσθε ἂν ἀδικεῖν; εἰ τοίνυν ἂν ἐμοὶ τότε ὠργίζεσθε, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπετριηράρχησα, πῶς οὐχὶ νῦν προσήκει ὑμᾶς τοῦτον εἰσπρᾶξαί μοι τὰ ἀναλώματα, ἃ ἐγὼ ὑπὲρ τούτου ἀνήλωσα, τὸν οὐ διαδεξάμενον τὴν ναῦν. [¶31] 68. To prove that it is not in my case only that he failed to take over his ship, but that on a former occasion also, when he was the associate of Euripides in the trierarchy and there was an agreement between them that each should sail for six months, when Euripides had sailed and the term had expired, Polycles did not take over the ship from him,—to prove this, I say, the clerk shall read the deposition. The Deposition. > Greek: 68. ὅτι δʼ οὐκ ἐμοὶ μόνῳ οὐ διεδέξατο τὴν ναῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρότερον Εὐριπίδῃ συντριήραρχος ὢν καὶ συνθηκῶν οὐσῶν αὐτοῖς τοὺς ἓξ μῆνας ἑκάτερον πλεῖν, ἐπειδὴ Εὐριπίδης ἐξέπλευσεν καὶ ὁ χρόνος ἐξῆκεν, οὐ διεδέξατο τὴν ναῦν αὐτῷ, ἀναγνώσεται τὴν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ.