--- title: "Against Theocrines · Ἔνδειξις κατὰ Θεοκρίνου" author: "Demosthenes" translator: "Augustus Taber Murray" languages: [grc, en] shelf: "Classical Greek" url: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/ cite: "Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray, Against Theocrines · Ἔνδειξις κατὰ Θεοκρίνου. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/" --- # Against Theocrines · Ἔνδειξις κατὰ Θεοκρίνου *Demosthenes, tr. Augustus Taber Murray* An informer prosecuted for a debt to the state. > Greek: ed. William Rennie, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0014.tlg058, CC BY-SA 4.0). > English: Augustus Taber Murray, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0014.tlg058.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included. > Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence. ## Contents 1. [Sections 1–35](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/1.md) 2. [Sections 36–70](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/2.md) ## 1. Sections 1–35 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/1/#p-N [¶0] 1. Inasmuch as my father, men of the jury, through this man Theocrines was brought to disaster in his relations to the state and condemned to pay a fine of ten talents, and as this fine has been doubled, so that we have not the slightest hope of deliverance, I have thought it my duty to lodge this criminal information with a view to taking vengeance upon the defendant with your aid, without taking into consideration my youth or anything else. > Greek: 1. τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, διὰ τουτονὶ Θεοκρίνην ἀτυχήσαντος πρὸς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ὀφλόντος δέκα τάλαντα, καὶ τούτου διπλοῦ γεγενημένου ὥστε μηδʼ ἐλπίδα ἡμῖν εἶναι σωτηρίας μηδεμίαν, ἡγησάμην δεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ τιμωρεῖσθαι μεθʼ ὑμῶν τοῦτον μήτε ἡλικίαν μήτε ἄλλο μηδὲν ὑπολογισάμενος δοῦναι τὴν ἔνδειξιν ταύτην. [¶1] 2. For my father, men of the jury, whose wishes have guided me in all that I have done, declared to all his acquaintances what a misfortune it would be if I should let slip the time in which, thanks to his being still alive, I have the right to avenge myself on this man, and should make an excuse of my inexperience and my youth, and so look idly on while my father has been deprived of everything, and while Theocrines continues to write indictments contrary to the laws and to harass many citizens with baseless and malicious actions, when he has no right to do so. > Greek: 2. καὶ γὰρ ὁ πατήρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ᾧπερ πάντα πειθόμενος πεποίηκα, πρὸς ἅπαντας ὠδύρετο τοὺς γνωρίμους, εἰ παραλιπὼν ἐγὼ τὸν καιρὸν ἐν ᾧ διὰ τὸ τὸν πατέρα ζῆν ἔξεστί μοι τοῦτον ἀμύνασθαι, τὴν ἀπειρίαν καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν προφασιζόμενος αὐτὸν μὲν περιόψομαι πάντων ἀπεστερημένον, Θεοκρίνην δὲ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους γραφὰς γραφόμενον καὶ συκοφαντοῦντα πολλοὺς τῶν πολιτῶν, οὐκ ἐξὸν αὐτῷ. [¶2] 3. I, therefore, beg you all, men of Athens, and beseech you to listen to me with goodwill, first, because I am engaging in this contest to help my father and in obedience to his wishes; and secondly, because I am both young and without experience, so that I must count myself fortunate if, because your goodwill is at hand to help me, I shall be able to show what this fellow has done; > Greek: 3. δέομαι οὖν ὑμῶν ἁπάντων, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ἱκετεύω μετʼ εὐνοίας ἀκοῦσαί μου, πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι τῷ πατρὶ βοηθῶν καὶ πειθόμενος ἀγωνίζομαι, ἔπειθʼ ὅτι καὶ νέος ὢν καὶ ἄπειρος, ὥστʼ ἀγαπητὸν εἶναί μοι, ἐὰν ὑπαρξάσης τῆς παρʼ ὑμῶν εὐνοίας δυνηθῶ δηλῶσαι τὰ πεπραγμένα τούτῳ· [¶3] 4. and in addition to these reasons, since I, men of the jury, have been betrayed (for the truth shall be told you) by persons in whom I trusted because of their enmity to the defendant, men who after hearing the facts and promising to stand by me, have now left me in the lurch, and have come to terms with the defendant in this suit of mine; so that I shall have no one even as a fellow-pleader, unless someone from among my own kinsmen shall come to my aid. > Greek: 4. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις, ὅτι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προδέδομαι (τὰ γὰρ ἀληθῆ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰρήσεται) ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων, οἳ πιστευθέντες ὑφʼ ἡμῶν διὰ τὴν πρὸς τοῦτον ἔχθραν, καὶ πυθόμενοι τὰ πράγματα καὶ φήσαντες ἐμοὶ συναγωνιεῖσθαι, ἐγκαταλελοίπασι νυνί με καὶ διαλέλυνται πρὸς τοῦτον ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς πράγμασιν, ὥστε μοι μηδὲ τὸν συνεροῦντʼ εἶναι, ἐὰν μή τις ἄρα τῶν οἰκείων βοηθήσῃ. [¶4] 5. This man was liable to many criminal informations, and has transgressed all the laws which bear upon these matters; but the most unheard of among his acts we found to be the denunciation which he lodged concerning the merchant ship; so that my father put this at the head of the criminal information which he gave me. First, then, the clerk shall read to you the law regarding those who lodge denunciations and do not carry them through, but compromise in defiance of the laws. For it is with this, I think, that I ought to begin my speech. Then will follow the denunciation itself which the defendant lodged against Micon. (To the clerk.) Read. The Law This law, men of the jury, expressly prescribes for those who undertake either to prefer indictments or lodge denunciations or do any other of the acts specified in the law, the conditions under which each one of these things is to be done. > Greek: 5. πολλαῖς μὲν οὖν ἐνδείξεσιν ἦν ἔνοχος οὑτοσί, καὶ ἅπαντας τοὺς περὶ ταῦτα νόμους ἐφαίνετο παραβεβηκώς· καινότατον δὲ τῶν ἔργων τῶν τούτου τὴν περὶ τὸ πλοῖον φάσιν ηὑρίσκομεν γεγονυῖαν, διόπερ ταῦτα γράψας εἰς τὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔδωκεν ὁ πατήρ μοι. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τὸν νόμον ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται τὸν περὶ τῶν φαινόντων καὶ οὐκ ἐπεξιόντων, ἀλλὰ διαλυομένων παρὰ τοὺς νόμους (ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ οἶμαι προσήκειν μοι τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιήσασθαι τοῦ λόγου), εἶτα τὴν φάσιν αὐτὴν ἣν οὗτος ἐποιήσατο κατὰ τοῦ Μίκωνος. λέγε. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶5] 6. These are, as you have heard from the law itself, that, if a man prosecutes and does not receive the fifth part of the votes, he shall pay a fine of a thousand drachmae, and if he does not prosecute, Theocrines, he shall pay another thousand, to the end that no one may bring forward baseless charges, or with impunity make profit for himself or compromise the interests of the state. I declare, then, that in accordance with this criminal information Theocrines is liable for having denounced Micon of Cholleidae, and then having accepted money and sold the case instead of prosecuting it. > Greek: 6. ὁ νόμος οὑτοσί, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοῖς προαιρουμένοις ἢ γράφεσθαι γραφὰς ἢ φαίνειν ἢ ἄλλο τι ποιεῖν τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τούτῳ γεγραμμένων προλέγει διαρρήδην, ἐφʼ οἷς ἕκαστόν ἐστιν τούτων ποιητέον. ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα, ὥσπερ ἠκούσατε ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου, ἐὰν ἐπεξιών τις μὴ μεταλάβῃ τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων, χιλίας ἀποτίνειν, κἂν μὴ ἐπεξίῃ ⟨γʼ⟩, ὦ Θεοκρίνη, χιλίας ἑτέρας, ἵνα μήτε συκοφαντῇ μηδείς, μήτε ἄδειαν ἔχων ἐργολαβῇ καὶ καθυφιῇ τὰ τῆς πόλεως. φημὶ δὴ κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔνοχον εἶναι Θεοκρίνην τῷ φήναντα Μίκωνα Χολλῄδην μὴ ἐπεξελθεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἀργύριον λαβόντα ἀποδόσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα. [¶6] 7. I believe that I shall prove this clearly. And yet, men of the jury, Theocrines and his clique have gone to all lengths in tampering with the witnesses, and trying to induce them by threats and by bribes not to give testimony. Nevertheless, if you will give me the aid which you are bound to give, and will bid them, or rather join with me in compelling them, either to testify, or to disclaim knowledge under oath, and will not allow them to talk at random, the truth will be brought to light. (To the clerk.) Read, then, first the denunciation and then the depositions. The Denunciation This denunciation, men of the jury, was lodged by the defendant after he had cited Micon to appear. > Greek: 7. καὶ τοῦτο ἀποδείξω σαφῶς, ὡς ἐγὼ νομίζω. καίτοι Θεοκρίνης γε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ οἱ μετὰ τούτου οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ πεποιήκασι προσιόντες τοῖς μάρτυσι καὶ τὰ μὲν ἀπειλοῦντες αὐτοῖς, τὰ δὲ πείθοντες μὴ μαρτυρεῖν. ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἐὰν ὑμεῖς βούλησθε τὰ δίκαια βοηθεῖν μοι, καὶ κελεύητε αὐτούς, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀναγκάζοντος ἐμοῦ συναναγκάζητε, ἤτοι μαρτυρεῖν ἢ ἐξόμνυσθαι, καὶ μὴ ἐᾶτε λόγους λέγειν, εὑρεθήσεται τἀληθές. λέγε οὖν πρῶτον μὲν τὴν φάσιν, εἶτα τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΦΑΣΙΣ. [¶7] 8. It was received by Euthyphemus, the secretary of the overseers of the port, and was exposed to public view for a long time in front of the meeting-place of the board, until this fellow was bribed to allow it to be crossed out, just when the magistrates were summoning him for the preliminary hearing. To prove that these statements of mine are true, (to the clerk) call first Euthyphemus, who was secretary of the board. The Deposition Now read the deposition of those who saw the denunciation exposed to view. > Greek: 8. ταύτην τὴν φάσιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἔδωκεν μὲν οὑτοσὶ προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν Μίκωνα, ἔλαβεν δὲ ὁ γραμματεὺς ὁ τῶν τοῦ ἐμπορίου ἐπιμελητῶν, Εὐθύφημος. ἐξέκειτο δὲ πολὺν χρόνον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ συνεδρίου ἡ φάσις, ἕως λαβὼν ἀργύριον οὗτος εἴασε διαγραφῆναι καλούντων αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ἀνάκρισιν τῶν ἀρχόντων. ὅτι δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, πρῶτον μὲν κάλει ὃς ἐγραμμάτευε τῇ ἀρχῇ, Εὐθύφημον. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. [¶8] 9. The Deposition Call now also the overseers of the port and Micon himself, against whose ship Theocrines lodged the denunciation; and read their depositions. The Depositions Therefore, men of the jury, that Theocrines did lodge a denunciation against the ship of Micon, and that the denunciation was exposed for a long time to public view, and again that, when summoned to the preliminary hearing, he did not answer, nor did he prosecute the case, you have heard from witnesses who were in the best position to know the truth. > Greek: 9. λέγε δὴ καὶ τὴν τῶν ἰδόντων ἐκκειμένην τὴν φάσιν μαρτυρίαν. λέγε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. κάλει δὲ καὶ τοὺς τοῦ ἐμπορίου ἐπιμελητάς, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Μίκωνʼ οὗ ἔφηνε τὸ πλοῖον· καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας ἀναγίγνωσκε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [¶9] 10. And that he is liable, not to the fine of a thousand drachmae merely, but also to arrest and to the other punishments which the law declares shall be inflicted upon anyone who prefers baseless charges against merchants and ship-owners, you will readily learn from the law itself. > Greek: 10. ὡς μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἔφηνε Θεοκρίνης τὸ τοῦ Μίκωνος πλοῖον, καὶ ὡς ἐξέκειτο πολὺν χρόνον ἡ φάσις, καὶ ὡς εἰς τὴν ἀνάκρισιν καλούμενος οὐχ ὑπήκουσεν οὐδʼ ἐπεξῆλθεν, ἀκηκόατε μαρτυρούντων [τούτων] οὓς εἰδέναι μάλιστα προσήκει. ὅτι δʼ οὐ ταῖς χιλίαις μόνον ἔνοχός ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπαγωγῇ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὅσα κελεύει πάσχειν ὁ νόμος οὑτοσὶ τὸν συκοφαντοῦντα τοὺς ἐμπόρους καὶ τοὺς ναυκλήρους, ῥᾳδίως ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου γνώσεσθε. [¶10] 11. For the proposer of this law, in his desire that those of the merchants who were guilty of wrongdoing should not go unpunished, and that those who were innocent should not be annoyed, absolutely forbade a person of this sort to make denunciations unless he were confident that he could prove in your court that the things charged in his denunciation had actually taken place; but that if any one of those who bring baseless charges should transgress this law, he should be liable to criminal information and arrest. (To the clerk.) However, read them the law itself; for it will explain the matter more clearly than I can do. The Law You hear, men of the jury, the penalties which the laws ordain for the one who brings baseless charges. > Greek: 11. βουλόμενος γὰρ ὁ τὸν νόμον τιθεὶς μήτε τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας τῶν ἐμπόρων ἀθῴους εἶναι, μήτε τοὺς ἄλλους πράγματʼ ἔχειν, ἁπλῶς ἀπεῖπε τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν ἀνθρώπων μὴ φαίνειν, εἰ μὴ πιστεύει τις αὑτῷ δείξειν ἐν ὑμῖν γεγενημένα περὶ ὧν ποιεῖται τὴν φάσιν· ἐὰν δέ τις παρὰ ταῦτα ποιῇ τῶν συκοφαντούντων, ἔνδειξιν αὐτῶν εἶναι καὶ ἀπαγωγήν. μᾶλλον δὲ λέγε τὸν νόμον αὐτόν· πολὺ γὰρ ἐμοῦ σαφέστερον διδάξει. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶11] 12. Well then, if Micon has done any of the acts which Theocrines in his denunciation charged him with doing, and Theocrines has compromised the matter and come to terms with the man, he is guilty of a crime against you all, and would justly be fined a thousand drachmae. But if Micon sailed to a port to which he might legitimately sail (let the defendant choose either alternative), and Theocrines none the less denounces and summons him, he is bringing a baseless charge against the ship-owners, and has violated not only the former law, but also the one just read, and has convicted himself of dishonesty both in his words and in his actions. > Greek: 12. ἀκούετε τοῦ νόμου ἃ κελεύει πάσχειν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸν συκοφάντην. οὐκοῦν εἰ μέν τι πεποιηκότα τούτων ὧν ἔγραψεν ἐν τῇ φάσει Θεοκρίνης πεποιηκέναι τὸν Μίκωνα, καθυφεῖκε τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ διαλέλυται πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀδικεῖ πάντας ὑμᾶς καὶ δικαίως ὀφείλει τὰς χιλίας. εἰ δὲ πλεύσαντα αὐτὸν δικαίως οἷ προσῆκεν (ἔστω γὰρ ὁπότερον οὗτος βούλεται) φαίνει καὶ προσκαλεῖται, συκοφαντεῖ τοὺς ναυκλήρους, καὶ τὸν νόμον οὐ μόνον τὸν πρότερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἀρτίως ἀναγνωσθέντα παραβέβηκεν, καὶ καταμεμαρτύρηκεν αὑτοῦ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς μήτε λέγειν μήτε πράττειν. [¶12] 13. For what man would have desisted from an honest course of action by which he would have received the share of the money which the law allows, and have rather chosen to make a trifling gain by a compromise and render himself amenable to these laws, when, as I said just now, he might have received half the sum involved in the denunciation? No man in the world would have done so, men of the jury, unless he were conscious that he was bringing baseless and malicious charges. > Greek: 13. τίς γὰρ ἂν παρεὶς τὸ δικαίως πράττοντα λαβεῖν τὸ μέρος τῶν χρημάτων κατὰ τὸν νόμον, διαλυσάμενος ἐβουλήθη μικρὰ κερδᾶναι καὶ τούτοις ἔνοχον αὑτὸν καταστῆσαι τοῖς νόμοις, ἐξόν, ὅπερ ἀρτίως εἶπον, τὰ ἡμίσεα τῶν φανθέντων λαβεῖν; οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, μὴ οὐ συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ συκοφαντοῦντι. [¶13] 14. These are two laws, then, which this man, who indicts others for illegal acts, has himself violated. There is a third law also, which enacts that any one of the citizens who pleases may lodge criminal informations against those who owe money to the treasury, or if any man is indebted to Athena or to any one of the rest of the gods, or of the eponymous heroes. In this class the defendant will be shown to belong; for he owes, and has not paid, seven hundred drachmae, which he was condemned at the audit to pay to the eponymus of his tribe. (To the clerk.) Read that part of the law. The Law Stop reading. > Greek: 14. δύο μὲν τοίνυν οὗτοι νόμοι εἰσὶν οὓς παραβέβηκεν ὁ τοὺς ἄλλους παρανόμων γραφόμενος· ἕτερον δὲ τρίτον, ὃς ὁμοίως κελεύει κατά τε τῶν ὀφειλόντων τῷ δημοσίῳ τὰς ἐνδείξεις τὸν βουλόμενον ποιεῖσθαι τῶν πολιτῶν, καὶ ἐάν τις ὀφείλῃ τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ ἢ τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν ἢ τῶν ἐπωνύμων τῳ. ὃ φανήσεται οὗτος, ὀφείλων καὶ οὐκ ἐκτετεικὼς ἑπτακοσίας δραχμάς, ἃς ὦφλεν ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τῷ ἐπωνύμῳ τῆς αὑτοῦ φυλῆς. καί μοι λέγε τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ τοῦ νόμου. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶14] 15. (To Theocrines.) Do you hear, fellow, what it says?—“or to any one of the eponymous heroes.” (To the clerk.) Read the deposition of the members of the tribe. The Deposition It is likely indeed, men of the jury, that the defendant would have regard for few persons and for those who spend most of their time at sea, as Micon does, when he felt neither fear nor shame in the presence of his tribesmen, in the first place, when administering their public business in such a way that they convicted him of embezzlement, and in the second place, although he had been fined and knew well that the laws forbade him to prefer indictments until he should pay, when defying the laws and holding that, while other state-debtors could exercise no public function, he had the right to be superior to the laws. > Greek: 15. ἐπίσχες. ἀκούεις, οὑτοσί, τί λέγει; ἢ τῶν ἐπωνύμων τῳ. λέγε δὴ τὴν τῶν φυλετῶν μαρτυρίαν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. ταχύ γʼ ἂν οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀνθρώπων ὀλίγων φροντίσειεν ἢ τῶν τὸν πλεῖστον τοῦ χρόνου πλεόντων, ὥσπερ ὁ Μίκων, ὅστις τοὺς φυλέτας παρόντας οὔτʼ ἔδεισεν οὔτʼ ᾐσχύνθη, τοῦτο μὲν οὕτως αὐτῶν τὰ κοινὰ διοικήσας ὥστʼ ἐκείνους κλοπὴν αὐτοῦ καταγνῶναι, τοῦτο δὲ ὀφλὼν καὶ τοὺς νόμους ἀκριβῶς εἰδὼς ὅτι κωλύουσιν αὐτὸν γράφεσθαι γραφὰς ἕως ἂν ἐκτείσῃ, βιαζόμενος καὶ νομίζων δεῖν τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους τοὺς ὀφείλοντας μηδενὸς μετέχειν τῶν κοινῶν, αὑτὸν δὲ κρείττω τῶν νόμων εἶναι. [¶15] 16. He will, to be sure, assert that it is his grandfather and not himself who is entered on the register as a debtor to the state, and in regard to this will talk at length to prove that it is he. I myself cannot say with certainty which of the two it is; but supposing it to be as he will claim, I think that you will be under far greater obligation to convict him, if this is the case. > Greek: 16. φήσει τοίνυν τὸν πάππον, οὐχ αὑτὸν εἶναι τὸν ἐν τῷ γραμματείῳ γεγραμμένον, καὶ περὶ τούτου πολλοὺς ἐρεῖ λόγους, ὡς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν. ἐγὼ δὲ τὸ μὲν ἀκριβές, ὁπότερός ἐστιν, οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν· εἰ δʼ οὖν ἐστιν ὡς οὗτος ἐρεῖ, πολὺ δικαιότερον εἶναι νομίζω καταψηφίσασθαι ὑμᾶς αὐτοῦ, εἰ ταῦθʼ οὕτως ἐστίν. [¶16] 17. For if his grandfather was a state-debtor long ago and the law ordains that he be his grandfather’s heir—if, though he long ago lost the right to prefer indictments, he still continued to prefer them; and if he is going to assume that he ought to be acquitted just because he is a scoundrel of the third generation, there will be no justice in his plea, men of the jury. To prove that it is admitted by Theocrines himself that this debt is his own and that he arranged with the members of the tribe on behalf of his brother and himself for its payment, and that no jury which has regard to its oath could honorably hold that this criminal information is without foundation, (to the clerk) take, please, the bill which Scironides introduced in the meeting of the tribe. > Greek: 17. εἰ γὰρ ὀφείλοντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πάππου πάλαι, καὶ τοῦ νόμου κελεύοντος κληρονομεῖν τοῦτον τῶν ἐκείνου, προσῆκον αὐτῷ μηδὲ πάλαι γράφεσθαι ἐγράφετο, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οἰήσεται δεῖν ἀποφεύγειν ὅτι πονηρὸς ἐκ τριγονίας ἐστίν, οὐ δίκαια ἐρεῖ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. ὡς οὖν καὶ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Θεοκρίνου ὁμολογεῖται τοῦτʼ εἶναι τὸ ὄφλημα καὶ κατετάξατο τοῖς φυλέταις ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, καὶ τοῖς βουλομένοις εὐορκεῖν οὐ καλῶς ἔχει ταύτην ἀπογιγνώσκειν τὴν ἔνδειξιν, λαβέ μοι τὸ ψήφισμα ὃ εἶπεν ἐν τοῖς φυλέταις Σκιρωνίδης. [¶17] 18. For this man Theocrines came forward, admitted the debt and in the presence of the members of the tribe promised to pay it, when he saw that we were coming up and were planning to take a copy of what stood written in the register. The Decree With much better reason, men of Athens, would you commend the members of the tribe Leontis, who compelled Theocrines to pay the seven minae, than this fellow himself. > Greek: 18. προσελθὼν δὲ οὑτοσὶ Θεοκρίνης ὡμολόγησεν ὀφείλειν καὶ ἐκτείσειν ἐναντίον τῶν φυλετῶν, ἐπειδὴ προσιόντας ἡμᾶς ᾔσθετο καὶ βουλομένους ἀντίγραφα τῶν ἐν τῷ γραμματείῳ γεγραμμένων λαβεῖν. ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ. πολύ γʼ ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Λεωντίδαι, τοὺς ἀναγκάσαντας ἀποδοῦναι Θεοκρίνην τὰς ἑπτὰ μνᾶς ἐπῃνέσατʼ ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦτον. [¶18] 19. There is now a fourth law (for I admit that I have looked closely into most of the things which the defendant has done) according to which this Theocrines owes five hundred drachmae, since his father had not paid a fine of that amount to which he had been sentenced for having sought to maintain that the maid-servant of Cephisodorus was a free woman. No; he fixed things with Ctesicles, the speech-writer, who was acting in the matter for his opponents, in such a way that he should neither pay the damages nor be listed on the acropolis as a debtor to the state. > Greek: 19. τέταρτος τοίνυν νόμος ἐστίν (ὁμολογῶ γὰρ τῶν τούτῳ πεπραγμένων τὰ πλεῖστα ἐξητακέναι) καθʼ ὃν ὀφείλει πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς Θεοκρίνης οὑτοσί, οὐκ ἐκτετεικότος αὐτῷ τοῦ πατρὸς ἃς προσῶφλεν ἀφελόμενος τὴν Κηφισοδώρου θεράπαιναν εἰς ἐλευθερίαν, ἀλλὰ διοικησαμένου πρὸς Κτησικλέα τὸν λογογράφον, ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ τοῖς τῶν ἀντιδίκων πράγμασιν, ὥστε μήτʼ ἐκτεῖσαι μήτʼ εἰς ἀκρόπολιν ἀνενεχθῆναι. [¶19] 20. Despite this fact, I maintain that Theocrines still owes the money according to the law. For if Ctesicles, the resident alien, did make an agreement with this fellow, as one scoundrel with another, that one sentenced to pay the fine in accordance with the law should not be handed over to the collectors, the state should not on that account be robbed of the penalties imposed by the laws. No indeed; it is right for the parties in a suit to make whatever arrangement they may mutually agree upon in private affairs, but in matters which concern the public they must act as the law ordains. > Greek: 20. ἃς οὐδὲν ἧττον οἶμαι Θεοκρίνης ὀφείλει νυνὶ κατὰ τὸν νόμον. οὐ γὰρ ἐὰν Κτησικλῆς ὁ μέτοικος συγχωρήσῃ τούτῳ, πονηρὸς πονηρῷ, μὴ παραδοθῆναι τοῖς πράκτορσιν τὸν προσοφλόντα κατὰ τὸν νόμον, διὰ τοῦτο δεῖ τὴν πόλιν ἀπεστερῆσθαι τῶν ἐκ τῶν νόμων ἐπικειμένων ζημιῶν, ἀλλὰ προσήκει τοὺς ἀντιδίκους ὑπὲρ μὲν τῶν ἰδίων, ὅπως ἂν αὑτοὺς πείθωσιν, διοικεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν πρὸς τὸ δημόσιον, ὅπως ἂν οἱ νόμοι κελεύωσιν. [¶20] 21. (To the clerk.) Read, please, the law which declares that anyone who is adjudged to have wrongfully asserted the freedom of a slave shall pay half the sum assessed into the public treasury, and then read also the deposition of Cephisodorus. The Law. The Deposition Now read that law also, which declares that a man shall be regarded as a debtor from the day on which he incurs the fine, whether he has been entered on the public register or not. The Law In what other way, men of the jury, could an honest prosecutor show that the criminal information has been rightly brought against this Theocrines, and that he is liable, not only to the fine of a thousand drachmae, which forms the basis of the information, but to many other penalties as well? > Greek: 21. καί μοι λέγε τόν τε νόμον, ὃς κελεύει τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ τιμήματος ὀφείλειν τῷ δημοσίῳ ὃς ἂν δόξῃ μὴ δικαίως εἰς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀφελέσθαι, καὶ τὴν τοῦ Κηφισοδώρου μαρτυρίαν. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. λέγε δὴ κἀκεῖνον τὸν νόμον τὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνης κελεύοντα τῆς ἡμέρας ὀφείλειν ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὄφλῃ, ἐάν τε ἐγγεγραμμένος ᾖ, ἐάν τε μή. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶21] 22. To my mind there is no other way. For surely you cannot expect that Theocrines will himself admit the indebtedness to your treasury and say that the criminal information has been lodged against him with justice. On the contrary, he will say anything rather than this. He will bring forward all manner of charges, alleging that a cabal is working against him, and that he has come into this danger because of the indictments which he has preferred for illegal actions. > Greek: 22. πῶς οὖν ἄλλως, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προσήκει τὸν δικαίως κατηγοροῦντα ἀποφαίνειν ὀρθῶς ἐνδεδειγμένον Θεοκρίνην τουτονί, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἔνοχον ὄντα τῇ ἐνδείξει κατὰ τὰς χιλίας ἐφʼ αἷς ἐνδέδεικται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοῖς ἄλλοις ὀφλήμασιν; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδαμῶς νομίζω. οὐ γὰρ δὴ προσδοκᾶν γε δεῖ Θεοκρίνην αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσειν ὀφείλειν ὑμῖν τῷ δημοσίῳ καὶ δικαίως ἐνδεδεῖχθαι φήσειν, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον πάντα λόγον μᾶλλον ἐρεῖν καὶ πάσας αἰτίας οἴσειν, ὡς καταστασιάζεται, ὡς διὰ τὰς τῶν παρανόμων γραφὰς εἰς ταῦθʼ ἥκει. [¶22] 23. For this is the last resource of those convicted on the facts of the case—to invent charges and excuses which will make you forget the question before you and give attention to arguments which are alien to the accusation. But I, men of the jury, if I had seen in the laws which have just been read a clause to this effect: “these provisions regarding those who bring malicious charges shall be in force unless Theocrines, a criminal information having been laid against him, shall see fit to denounce Thucydides or Demosthenes or any other of the men in public life,” I should have kept quiet; but as it is, I find that no such excuse is taken into consideration in the laws, nor is it new, so that those now hearing it for the first time should pay attention to it; on the contrary it has been used ten thousand times by people on trial. > Greek: 23. λοιπὸν γάρ ἐστιν τοῦτο τοῖς ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐξελεγχομένοις, αἰτίας καὶ προφάσεις εὑρίσκειν αἵτινες τοῦ παρόντος ὑμᾶς ποιήσουσι πράγματος ἐπιλαθομένους τοῖς ἔξω τῆς κατηγορίας λόγοις προσέχειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἰ μὲν ἑώρων ἐν τοῖς ἀνεγνωσμένοις νόμοις γεγραμμένον ταῦτα δʼ εἶναι κύρια περὶ τῶν συκοφαντούντων, ἂν μὴ Θεοκρίνης ἐνδειχθεὶς αἰτιᾶσθαι βούληται Θουκυδίδην ἢ Δημοσθένην ἢ καὶ τῶν πολιτευομένων ἄλλον τινά, ἡσυχίαν ἂν ἦγον. νῦν δὲ τούτων οὐδεμίαν ὁρῶ τῶν σκήψεων ὑπόλογον οὖσαν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις, οὐδὲ καινήν, ὥστε προσέχειν νῦν πρῶτον ἀκούσαντας, ἀλλὰ μυριάκις παρὰ τῶν κρινομένων εἰρημένην. [¶23] 24. I am also told, men of the jury, by those who are older than I, that it is proper that in no case whatever should pardon be shown to one who transgresses the laws, but if pardon is to be shown, it should not be to those who are habitual offenders or to those who betray the laws for a bribe (surely not that!) but to those who through their own inexperience unintentionally transgress some provision of the law. No man, I take it, would say that Theocrines here belongs to this latter class, but on the contrary that there is no provision of the law with which he is not acquainted. > Greek: 24. ἀκούω δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὡς ἄρα προσῆκόν ἐστιν ὅλως μὲν μηδενὶ μηδεμίαν συγγνώμην ὑπάρχειν παραβαίνοντι τοὺς νόμους, εἰ δʼ ἄρα δεῖ, μὴ τοῖς συνεχῶς οὖσι πονηροῖς μηδὲ τοῖς ἐπʼ ἀργυρίῳ τοὺς νόμους προϊεμένοις (οὐ γὰρ εἰκός), ἀλλʼ οἵτινες ἂν διὰ τὴν αὑτῶν ἀπραγμοσύνην ἄκοντές τι τῶν γεγραμμένων παραβῶ- σιν. ὧν οὐδεὶς ἂν δήπου Θεοκρίνην τουτονὶ φήσειεν εἶναι, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ἄπειρον. [¶24] 25. You must, therefore, watch him, and have regard neither to my words nor to those which will be spoken by his side. For it is not right that those who sit here to defend the laws should pay attention to long speeches and accusations, but only to those which you will all easily follow, and by the help of which you will be thought by all the citizens to have decided this information in a manner worthy of the laws. You should ask in plain terms, “What do you mean, Theocrines, and all you who follow the same pursuits as he does? Do you demand that we who have sworn that we will give our verdict according to the laws shall vote contrary to the laws because of your speeches?” > Greek: 25. διὸ καὶ δεῖ φυλάττειν αὐτόν, μὴ πρὸς τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους μηδὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τούτου ῥηθησομένους ἀποβλέποντας. οὐ γὰρ δίκαιον τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων καθημένους μακροῖς λόγοις καὶ κατηγορίαις προσέχειν, ἀλλʼ οἷς ἂν ἅπαντες ῥᾳδίως ἐπακολουθήσαιτε, καὶ διʼ ὧν δόξετε πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει τῶν νόμων ἀξίως ταύτην τὴν ἔνδειξιν δικάσαι, σαφῶς ἐρωτῶντας τί λέγεις, Θεοκρίνη καὶ πάντες οἱ τῶν αὐτῶν τούτῳ μετέχοντες; ἀξιοῦθʼ ἡμᾶς, κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ὀμωμοκότας δικάσειν, παρὰ τούτους διὰ τοὺς ὑμετέρους λόγους ψηφίζεσθαι; [¶25] 26. “Do you demand this, when Micon, against whom Theocrines filed his denunciation but did not proceed with it, has given evidence before us, and has made himself responsible to these jurors?—when the secretary acknowledges that he received the denunciation from the defendant, and has been made responsible by the deposition which was read a little while ago?—when, furthermore, the overseers of the port have, unwillingly, to be sure, yet nevertheless, given the same testimony as the others?-and when, in addition to all this, testimony is given, as you heard a little while ago, by those who saw the denunciation exposed to public view, and who went before the magistrates?” No; men of the jury, that would not be right. > Greek: 26. μεμαρτυρηκότος μὲν ἡμῖν τοῦ Μίκωνος, καθʼ οὗ δοὺς Θεοκρίνης οὑτοσὶ τὴν φάσιν οὐκ ἐπεξῆλθε, καὶ πεποιηκότος αὑτὸν τούτοις ὑπόδικον, ὁμολογοῦντος δὲ τοῦ γραμματέως λαβεῖν τὴν φάσιν παρὰ τούτου, καὶ πεποιηκυίας τῆς μαρτυρίας τῆς ὀλίγον τι πρότερον ἀναγνωσθείσης αὐτὸν ὑπόδικον; ἔτι δὲ τῶν τοῦ ἐμπορίου ἐπιμελητῶν μόλις μέν, ἀλλʼ οὖν ταὐτὰ τούτοις μεμαρτυρηκότων; πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τῶν ἰδόντων ἐκκειμένην τὴν φάσιν καὶ προσελθόντων τοῖς ἄρχουσι μαρτυρούντων, ὥσπερ ὀλίγον πρότερον ἠκούσατε; ἀλλʼ οὐ δίκαιον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. [¶26] 27. I am sure that the character of the defendant and his manner of life will not lead you to believe that the depositions which have been read are false. On the contrary, his character far more convincingly than the words which have been spoken proves Theocrines to be such as I portray him. For what is there that a scoundrel and a pettifogger would do that he has not done? Was it not because of his evil character that his brother, who held the office of judge and who was guided by the defendant’s advice, was brought into such bad repute with you, that, when you voted on the question of retaining the magistrates, he was not only himself rejected, but caused the rejection of the entire board? And had it not been that through the prayers and entreaties of his fellow-judges and through their promise that Theocrines should never again come near the board you were persuaded to give them back their crowns, would they not have incurred the deepest possible disgrace? > Greek: 27. οὐ γὰρ δὴ διὰ τὸν τρόπον γε τὸν τοῦ φεύγοντος καὶ τὸν βίον ψευδεῖς ὑπολήψεσθε τὰς μαρτυρίας τὰς ἀνεγνωσμένας εἶναι. πολὺ γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ τρόπου σαφέστερον ἐπιδείκνυται Θεοκρίνης τοιοῦτος ὢν ἢ διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων. τί γὰρ οὐ πεποίηκεν οὗτος ὧν ἂν πονηρὸς καὶ συκοφάντης ἄνθρωπος ποιήσειεν; οὐ διὰ μὲν τὴν τούτου πονηρίαν ἁδελφὸς αὐτοῦ θεσμοθετῶν καὶ τούτῳ χρώμενος συμβούλῳ τοιοῦτος ἔδοξε παρʼ ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος εἶναι, ὥστε οὐ μόνον αὐτὸς ἀπεχειροτο- νήθη τῶν ἐπιχειροτονιῶν οὐσῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν ἐποίησεν; καὶ εἰ μὴ δεομένων αὐτῶν καὶ ἱκετευόντων, καὶ λεγόντων ὡς οὐκέτι πρόσεισιν Θεοκρίνης πρὸς τὴν ἀρχήν, ἐπείσθηθʼ ὑμεῖς καὶ πάλιν ἀπέδοτε τοὺς στεφάνους αὐτοῖς, πάντων ἂν αἴσχιστα οἱ συνάρχοντες ἐπεπόνθεσαν; [¶27] 28. To prove these facts there is no need of my calling witnesses before you, for you all know that in the archonship of Lyciscus the Thesmothetae were deposed from office by vote of the popular assembly because of Theocrines. Remembering this, you ought to assume that he is no different now from what he was then. Not long after he was removed from office, when his brother died by a violent death, Theocrines showed himself so utterly heartless toward him that, when he had made inquiry concerning those who had done the deed, and had learned who they were, he accepted a bribe, and let the matter drop. > Greek: 28. καὶ τούτων οὐδέν με δεῖ μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρασχέσθαι· πάντες γὰρ ἴστε τοὺς ἐπὶ Λυκίσκου ἄρχοντος θεσμοθέτας ἀποχειροτονηθέντας ἐν τῷ δήμῳ διὰ τοῦτον. ὧν ἀναμιμνῃσκομένους ὑμᾶς χρὴ τὸν αὐτὸν ὑπολαμβάνειν εἶναι τοῦτον καὶ πρότερον καὶ νῦν. οὐ πολλῷ τοίνυν χρόνῳ ὕστερον τῆς ἀποχειροτονίας, τελευτήσαντος αὐτῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ βιαίῳ θανάτῳ, τοιοῦτος ἐγένετο περὶ αὐτὸν οὗτος, ὥστε ζητήσας τοὺς δράσαντας καὶ πυθόμενος οἵτινες ἦσαν, ἀργύριον λαβὼν ἀπηλλάγη. [¶28] 29. His brother at the time of his death held the office of sacrificer, and this office Theocrines continued to fill in defiance of the laws, without having been designated by lot to assume the office or to fill the vacancy. He went around bewailing his brother’s fate and declaring that he was going to summon Demochares before the Areopagus, until he made terms with those charged with the crime. An honorable man is he indeed, one whom you can trust, a man quite above the appeal of money! Why, even he would not claim that. Men say that whoever means to administer public affairs with justice and moderation should not have so many wants, but should be superior to all those things which lead people to spend on themselves all that they receive. > Greek: 29. καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἄρχων ἐτελεύτησεν, ἱεροποιὸς ὤν, παρὰ τοὺς νόμους ἦρχεν οὗτος, οὔτε λαχὼν οὔτʼ ἐπιλαχών· ὑπὲρ ὧν δʼ ἔπαθεν ἐκεῖνος, μέχρι τούτου σχετλιάζων περιῄει καὶ φάσκων εἰς Ἄρειον πάγον Δημοχάρην προσκαλεῖσθαι, ἕως διελύσατο πρὸς τοὺς τὴν αἰτίαν ἔχοντας. χρηστός γʼ ἐστὶ καὶ πιστὸς καὶ κρείττων χρημάτων. οὐδʼ ἂν αὐτὸς φήσειεν. οὐ γὰρ τοσούτων δεῖσθαί φασι δεῖν τὸν δικαίως καὶ μετρίως τῶν κοινῶν ἐπιμελησόμενον, ἀλλὰ πάντων τούτων εἶναι κρείττω διʼ ὧν ἀναλίσκουσιν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἃ λαμβάνουσιν. [¶29] 30. Such, then, was his conduct where his brother was concerned; but it is worth your while to hear how he has managed affairs since he came forward in public life (for he declares that he loves you next after his own relatives). I will begin with his conduct toward us. In his accusation against my father, men of the jury, when he was prosecuting the indictment for illegality against him, he stated that a plot had been formed against the boy, regarding whom the decree was drawn—the decree, that is, in which my father moved that maintenance in the Prytaneum should be granted to Charidemus, son of Ischomachus. > Greek: 30. καὶ τὰ μὲν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτῷ πεπραγμένα τοιαῦτά ἐστιν· ἃ δὲ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν προσελθὼν διῴκηται (δευτέρους γὰρ ὑμᾶς φήσει φιλεῖν μετὰ τοὺς οἰκείους) ἄξιον ἀκοῦσαι. ἄρξομαι δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ πεπραγμένων. τοῦ γὰρ πατρὸς κατηγορῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτε τὴν τῶν παρανόμων αὐτὸν ἐδίωκε γραφήν, ἔλεγεν ὡς ἐπιβεβουλευμένος ὁ παῖς εἴη περὶ οὗ τὸ ψήφισμα γεγραμμένον ἦν, ἐν ᾧ τὴν σίτησιν ἔγραψεν Χαριδήμῳ ὁ πατὴρ τῷ Ἰσχομάχου υἱῷ, λέγων ὡς, ἐὰν ἐπανέλθῃ εἰς τὸν πατρῷον οἶκον ὁ παῖς, ἀπολωλεκὼς ἔσται τὴν οὐσίαν ἅπασαν ἣν Αἰσχύλος ὁ ποιησάμενος αὐτὸν υἱὸν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ, ψευδόμενος· [¶30] 31. For Theocrines asserted that, if the boy should return to his father’s house, he would be found to have lost all the estate which Aeschylus, his adoptive father, had given him. This assertion was false, for no such thing, men of the jury, has ever happened to any adopted person. He made the further assertion that Polyeuctus, the husband of the boy’s mother, had been responsible for the whole scheme, since he wished to retain possession of the boy’s property. The jurymen were incensed at his assertions and held that, while the decree itself and the grant were both legal, the boy would in fact be robbed of his estate; and they fined my father ten talents as being in the scheme with Polyeuctus, and gave credence to Theocrines as having come to the boy’s defence. > Greek: 31. οὐδενὶ γὰρ πώποτε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοῦτο τῶν εἰσποιηθέντων συνέβη. καὶ τούτων πάντων αἴτιον ἔφη Πολύευκτον γεγενῆσθαι τὸν ἔχοντα τὴν μητέρα τοῦ παιδός, βουλόμενον ἔχειν αὐτὸν τὴν τοῦ παιδὸς οὐσίαν. ὀργισθέντων δὲ τῶν δικαστῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ νομισάντων αὐτὸ μὲν τὸ ψήφισμα καὶ τὴν δωρεὰν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους εἶναι, τῷ δὲ ὄντι τὸν παῖδα μέλλειν ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῶν χρημάτων, τῷ μὲν πατρὶ δέκα ταλάντων ἐτίμησαν ὡς μετὰ Πολυεύκτου ταῦτα πράττοντι, τούτῳ δʼ ἐπίστευσαν ὡς δὴ βοηθήσαντι τῷ παιδί. [¶31] 32. Such, or substantially such, were the proceedings in court. But when this worthy fellow saw that the people were filled with wrath, and that he himself had been believed, as one who was not wholly depraved, he summoned Polyeuctus before the archon and lodged an indictment against him for maltreatment of an orphan, and put the case in the hands of the assessor Mnesarchides. When, however, he had received two hundred drachmae from Polyeuctus and had sold for a trifling sum those awful charges for which he had fixed the damages in my father’s case at ten talents, he dropped the matter, withdrew the indictment, and left the orphan in the lurch. (To the clerk.) Call, please, the witnesses who support these statements. The Witnesses If now my father had been well-to-do, men of the jury, and able to provide a thousand drachmae, he would have got off entirely free from the indictment for illegality; for that was the sum the defendant demanded of him. > Greek: 32. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ δικαστηρίου γενόμενα τοιαῦτα καὶ παραπλήσια τούτοις ἦν· ὡς δʼ ὁ χρηστὸς οὗτος ὠργισμένους ᾔσθετο τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ πεπιστευμένον αὑτὸν ὡς οὐ παντάπασιν ἀνόσιον ὄντα, προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν Πολύευκτον ἀποφέρει γραφὴν κατʼ αὐτοῦ κακώσεως πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα καὶ δίδωσι τὴν λῆξιν Μνησαρχίδῃ τῷ παρέδρῳ· λαβὼν δὲ διακοσίας δραχμὰς παρὰ τοῦ Πολυεύκτου, καὶ τὰ δεινὰ ταῦτʼ ἀποδόμενος μικροῦ λήμματος ἐφʼ οἷς τῷ πατρὶ ἐτιμήσατο δέκα ταλάντων, ἀπηλλάγη καὶ τὴν γραφὴν ἀνείλετο προδοὺς τὸν ὀρφανόν. καί μοι κάλει τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ. [¶32] 33. (To the clerk.) Call, please, Philippides of Paeania to whom this fellow Theocrines made this statement, and the others who know that he made it. The Witnesses That Theocrines, men of the jury, if he had been offered the thousand drachmae, would have withdrawn the indictment against my father, I think that you are all convinced, even if no witness had so testified. > Greek: 33. εἰ τοίνυν εὔπορος ἦν ὁ πατήρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ δυνατὸς πορίσαι χιλίας δραχμάς, ὅλως ἂν ἀπηλλάγη τῆς γραφῆς τῆς τῶν παρανόμων· τοσοῦτον γὰρ αὐτὸν ᾔτει οὑτοσί. καί μοι κάλει Φιλιππίδην τὸν Παιανιέα, πρὸς ὃν ἔλεγε ταῦτα Θεοκρίνης οὑτοσί, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους οἳ συνίσασιν τούτῳ ταῦτα λέγοντι. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ. [¶33] 34. To prove, however, that he has summoned many other people and preferred indictments against them, and then has compromised the matter, and that he is in the habit of desisting from prosecution on receipt of small bribes, I shall call before you the very persons who paid him, in order that you may not believe him when he declares that it is he who keeps watch over those who propose illegal measures, and that when indictments for illegality are done away with it is the ruin of your democracy. (For it is in this way that all those who sell everything for money are in the habit of talking.) > Greek: 34. ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, Θεοκρίνης, εἴ τις αὐτῷ τὰς χιλίας δραχμὰς ἐδίδου, τὴν γραφὴν ⟨ἂν⟩ ἀνείλετο τὴν κατὰ τοῦ πατρός, ἡγοῦμαι πάντας ὑμᾶς πιστεύειν, καὶ εἰ μηδεὶς ἐμαρτύρησεν. ὅτι δὲ πολλὰς ἑτέρας προσκαλεσάμενος καὶ γραψάμενος καθυφεῖκεν, καὶ μικρὸν ἀργύριον λαμβάνων ἀπαλλάττεται, τοὺς δόντας ὑμῖν αὐτοὺς καλῶ, ἵνα μὴ πιστεύητε αὐτῷ λέγοντι ὡς αὐτὸς φυλάττει τοὺς παράνομα γράφοντας, καὶ ὡς, ὅταν αἱ τῶν παρανόμων γραφαὶ ἀναιρεθῶσιν, ὁ δῆμος καταλύεται· ταῦτα γὰρ οἱ πάντα πωλοῦντες λέγειν εἰθισμένοι εἰσίν. [¶34] 35. (To the clerk.) Call, please, Aristomachus, son of Critodemus, of Alopecê, for it is he who paid—or rather in whose house were paid—the mina and a half to this man who cannot be bribed, in the matter of the decree which Antimedon proposed on behalf of the people of Tenedos. The Deposition Read also in sequence the other depositions of the same sort, and that of Hypereides and Demosthenes. For this goes beyond all else—that the fellow should be most glad, by selling indictments to get money from men, from whom no one else would think of demanding it. The Depositions Well, he will presently say that the criminal information has been lodged against him for this purpose, that he may not proceed with the indictment which he preferred against Demosthenes or with that against Thucydides; for he is a clever fellow at lying and at saying what lacks all foundation. > Greek: 35. κάλει μοι Ἀριστόμαχον Κριτοδήμου Ἀλωπεκῆθεν. οὗτος γὰρ ἔδωκεν, μᾶλλον δʼ ἐν τῇ τούτου οἰκίᾳ ἐδόθη τρίʼ ἡμίμναια τούτῳ τῷ ἀδωροδοκήτῳ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ψηφίσματος ὃ Ἀντιμέδων ἔγραψε τοῖς Τενεδίοις. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. λέγε δὴ καὶ τὰς τῶν ἄλλων ἐφεξῆς τὰς τοιαύτας μαρτυρίας, καὶ τὴν Ὑπερείδου καὶ Δημοσθένους. τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὑπερβολή, τὸ παρʼ ὧν οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς ἀξιώσαι λαβεῖν, τοῦτον παρὰ τούτων ἥδιστα λαμβάνειν πωλοῦντα τὰς γραφάς. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. ## 2. Sections 36–70 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-against-theocrines/2/#p-N [¶0] 36. I have looked into this matter also, men of the jury, and will show you that the state suffers not the slightest harm, whether the decree of Thucydides is ratified, or whether it is annulled. And yet it is not right to bring up a defence of this sort before men who have sworn to give a verdict according to the laws. You will, however, presently learn from the indictment itself, that it is merely a pretext to offset the criminal information. (To the clerk.) Read these indictments. The Indictments Whether the decrees stand as they are, men of the jury, or are annulled (for it makes no difference to me), what does the state either gain or lose? > Greek: 36. οὗτος τοίνυν αὐτίκα φήσει διὰ τοῦτο τὴν ἔνδειξιν καθʼ αὑτοῦ γεγονέναι, ἵνα Δημοσθένει μὴ ἐπεξέλθῃ τὴν γραφὴν ἣν ἐγράψατʼ αὐτόν, μηδὲ Θουκυδίδῃ· δεινὸς γάρ ἐστι ψεύσασθαι καὶ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς εἰπεῖν. ἡμεῖς δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐπεσκεψάμεθα, καὶ δείξομεν ὑμῖν οὐδὲν τὴν πόλιν βλαπτομένην, οὔτε μὰ τὸν Δία ἐὰν κύριον γένηται τὸ ψήφισμα τὸ Θουκυδίδου οὔτʼ ἂν ἄκυρον. καίτοι τάς γε τοιαύτας ἀπολογίας οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι προσφέρειν τοῖς κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ὀμωμοκόσιν δικάσειν· ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς γραφῆς αὐτίκα γνώσεσθε διότι πρόφασίς ἐστιν τῆς ἐνδείξεως ἡ γραφή. λέγε τὰς γραφὰς ταύτας. ΓΡΑΦΑΙ. [¶1] 37. Nothing, in my opinion. They say that the men of Aenos pay no heed to our state, and that this has come about because of this fellow Theocrines. For being harassed by the false and malicious charges of this man at the time when some of them were turning to Philip and others to Athens, and learning that the decree which Charinus had previously indicted had again been indicted as illegal,—the decree, that is, which Thucydides proposed and which had to do with their contribution; and learning furthermore that no conclusion was being reached in the matter, but that, while the people were ready to grant that the Aenians should pay the contribution which they had agreed upon with the general Chares, this abominable fellow had taken upon himself to carry on the same practices as the traitor Charinus—learning all this, I say, they took the course which necessity forced upon them, and chose the least of the evils before them. > Greek: 37. τούτων τῶν ψηφισμάτων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἢ μενόντων κατὰ χώραν ἢ ἁλόντων (οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔμοιγε διαφέρει) τί ἡ πόλις κερδαίνει ἢ βλάπτεται; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲν οἶμαι. τοὺς γὰρ Αἰνίους φασὶν οὐδὲ προσέχειν τῇ πόλει, τοῦτο δὲ γεγονέναι διὰ Θεοκρίνην τουτονί. συκοφαντούμενοι γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνοις τοῖς χρόνοις ὑπὸ τούτου, ἐν οἷς οἱ μὲν ἐφιλίππιζον, οἱ δʼ ἠττίκιζον αὐτῶν, καὶ πυνθανόμενοι γεγράφθαι τὸ ψήφισμα παρανόμων ὃ Χαρῖνος πρότερον ἐγράψατο, τοῦτο τὸ περὶ τῆς συντάξεως, ὃ Θουκυδίδης εἶπε, καὶ πέρας τῶν πραγμάτων οὐδὲν γιγνόμενον, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν δῆμον συγχωροῦντα τὴν σύνταξιν διδόναι τοὺς Αἰνίους ὅσην Χάρητι τῷ στρατηγῷ συνεχώρησαν, τοῦτον δὲ τὸν μιαρὸν παραδεξάμενον Χαρίνῳ τῷ προδότῃ ταὐτὰ πράττειν, ὅπερ ἦν ἀναγκαῖον αὐτοῖς, τοῦτʼ ἔπραξαν· [¶2] 38. Yet what must we assume their sufferings at the hands of those who were preferring indictments here to have been, when it seemed to the Aenians preferable to revolt from us, to receive a garrison, and to be subject to barbarians? But you alone, I think, are able to endure the wickedness of these men, you alone, and no one besides among all the Greeks! > Greek: 38. εἵλοντο γὰρ τῶν παρόντων κακῶν τὰ ἐλάχιστα. καίτοι τί χρὴ νομίζειν αὐτοὺς πάσχειν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐνθάδε γραφομένων, οἷς ἦν αἱρετώτερον φρουρὰν ὑποδέχεσθαι καὶ βαρβάρων ἀκούειν, ὑμῶν ἀποστάντας; ἀλλʼ οἶμαι τὴν τούτων πονηρίαν ὑμεῖς μόνοι δύνασθε φέρειν, ἄλλος δʼ οὐδεὶς τῶν Ἑλλήνων. [¶3] 39. That you ought not, then, whether on account of the indictments which have been read, or for any other reason, to acquit Theocrines in defiance of all the laws concerning criminal informations, is reasonably clear from what has been said. I think, however, men of the jury, that you are not aware of the excuses of these men, of their accusations, and their pretended enmities. > Greek: 39. ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὔτε διὰ τὰς γραφὰς τὰς ἀνεγνωσμένας οὔτε διʼ ἄλλην αἰτίαν οὐδεμίαν ἄξιόν ἐστιν παρὰ πάντας τοὺς νόμους τοὺς περὶ τῶν ἐνδείξεων ἀφεῖναι Θεοκρίνην, σχεδὸν καὶ διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων φανερόν ἐστιν. ἐγὼ δὲ τὰς μὲν τούτων προφάσεις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τὰς κατηγορίας καὶ τὰς προσποιήτους ταύτας ἔχθρας οὐ λανθάνειν ὑμᾶς νομίζω. [¶4] 40. For you have not infrequently seen them in the court-rooms and on the platform, declaring that they are personal foes to one another, but in private following the same pursuits and sharing the profits; at one time reviling and abusing one another in foulest terms, and a little later associating in family festivals with these same people, and taking part in the same sacrifices. And not one of these things is perhaps to be wondered at. For the men are by nature base, and they see that you accept such excuses; so what is to prevent their using them and trying to deceive you? > Greek: 40. οὐ γὰρ ὀλιγάκις ἑοράκατʼ αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν δικαστηρίων καὶ τοῦ βήματος ἐχθροὺς εἶναι φάσκοντας ἀλλήλοις, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ταὐτὰ πράττοντας καὶ μετέχοντας τῶν λημμάτων, καὶ τοτὲ μὲν λοιδορουμένους καὶ πλύνοντας αὑτοὺς τἀπόρρητα, μικρὸν δὲ διαλιπόντας τοῖς αὐτοῖς τούτοις συνδεκαδίζοντας καὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἱερῶν κοινωνοῦντας. καὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ἴσως θαυμάσαι ἄξιόν ἐστιν· φύσει τε γάρ εἰσι πονηροί, καὶ τὰς τοιαύτας προφάσεις ὁρῶσιν ὑμᾶς ἀποδεχομένους, ὥστε τί κωλύει ταύταις αὐτοὺς χρωμένους ἐξαπατᾶν ὑμᾶς πειρᾶσθαι; [¶5] 41. For my part I hold that it is absolutely your duty, men of the jury, to fix your attention on the matter at issue and on nothing else, and then, if my plea seems to you just and in accordance with law, to give me your support, caring nothing for the fact that it is not Demosthenes who prefers the charges, but a mere stripling. You are bound also to hold that the laws are not more binding when one presents them to you carefully in rhetorical language than when they are recited in the speech of every day. No; they are the same laws; and you should all the more readily give aid to the young and inexperienced, since they are less likely to lead you astray. > Greek: 41. ὅλως δʼ ἔγωγε οἶμαι δεῖν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πράγματος σκεψαμένους, εἰ μὲν δίκαια λέγω καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους, βοηθεῖν μοι, μηδὲν ὑπολογισαμένους εἰ μὴ Δημοσθένης ἐστὶν ὁ κατηγορῶν, ἀλλὰ μειράκιον, μηδὲ νομίζειν κυριωτέρους δεῖν εἶναι τοὺς νόμους, ἂν εὖ τις τοῖς ὀνόμασι συμπλέξας αὐτοὺς [τούτους] ὑμῖν παράσχηται, τῶν ὅπως ἔτυχεν λεγόντων, ἀλλὰ τοὺς αὐτούς, καὶ τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον τοῖς ἀπείροις καὶ τοῖς νέοις βοηθεῖν, ὅσῳπερ ἂν ἧττον ἐξαπατήσειαν ὑμᾶς. [¶6] 42. For that the case is the exact opposite of what my opponent asserts,—that it is not he, but I, who am the victim of a cabal, and that, after certain persons had declared that they would aid me in my suit, I have been betrayed because of the cliques formed by these men,—all this will be made clear to you in the following way. Let the crier here call Demosthenes. He will not come forward. The reason is, not that I have been induced by certain persons to lodge criminal information against this man, but that he and the one just now mentioned have come to terms with one another. To prove that this is true, I will compel to testify both Cleinomachus, who brought them together, and Eubulides, who was with them in Cynosarges; > Greek: 42. ἐπεὶ διότι τοὐναντίον ἐστίν, καὶ οὐχ οὗτος, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ κατεστασίασμαι, καὶ φησάντων τινῶν μοι συναγωνιεῖσθαι προδέδομαι διὰ τὰς τούτων ἑταιρείας, ἐκείνως δῆλον ὑμῖν ἔσται. καλείτω ὁ κῆρυξ οὗτος τὸν Δημοσθένην· οὐκ ἀναβήσεται. τὸ δʼ αἴτιόν ἐστιν, οὐ τὸ ἐμὲ ὑπό τινων πεπεισμένον ἐνδεῖξαι τουτονί, ἀλλὰ τοῦτον καὶ τὸν ἄρτι καλούμενον διαλελύσθαι. καὶ τοῦθʼ ὅτι ἐστὶν ἀληθές, ἀναγκάσω μὲν μαρτυρεῖν καὶ Κλεινόμαχον τὸν συναγαγόντʼ αὐτοὺς καὶ Εὐβουλίδην τὸν ἐν Κυνοσάργει παραγενόμενον· [¶7] 43. and I will further produce what you will all acknowledge when you have heard it, to be, not a weaker, but a stronger proof that my statement is true. For Theocrines here, when prosecuting for illegal action this abominable person, as he will presently call him, and the one who is the cause of his present troubles, openly discharged him from the indictment, in which he had fixed the penalty at ten talents. How? By doing nothing startling, but the very thing that others of his stamp have done. When the indictment was called, someone filed an affidavit for postponement, declaring that Demosthenes was ill—Demosthenes, who was going about and abusing Aeschines. This enemy of his, then, this fellow has let off, and he neither at the time filed a counter-affidavit, nor did he subsequently call the case for trial. Are not these men manifestly hoodwinking you, when you entertain the idea that they are personal foes? (To the clerk.) Read the depositions. The Depositions It is not right, then, men of the jury, that you any more than we should listen to those who will declare that they are going to speak in the interest of Theocrines because of their enmity to Demosthenes. > Greek: 43. οὐ μὴν ἔλατ- τόν γε τούτου σημεῖον ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ μεῖζον παρασχήσομαι διότι τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ἀληθές, ὃ πάντες ἀκούσαντες ὁμολογήσετε. Θεοκρίνης γὰρ οὑτοσὶ τοῦτον διώκων παρανόμων, τὸν μιαρόν, ὡς αὐτίκα φήσει, καὶ τῶν νῦν αὐτῷ κακῶν αἴτιον, φανερῶς ἀφῆκε τῆς γραφῆς, ἐφʼ ᾗ δέκα τάλαντα ἐπεγράψατο τίμημα. πῶς; οὐδὲν καινὸν διαπραξάμενος, ἀλλʼ ὅπερ ἕτεροί τινες τῶν ὁμοίων τούτῳ. τὸν μὲν Δημοσθένην τις ὑπωμόσατο καλουμένης τῆς γραφῆς ὡς νοσοῦντα, τὸν περιιόντα καὶ λοιδορούμενον Αἰσχίνῃ· τοῦτον δʼ οὗτος τὸν ἐχθρὸν εἴασεν, καὶ οὔτε τότε ἀνθυπωμόσατο οὔθʼ ὕστερον ἐπήγγελκεν. ἆρʼ οὐ περιφανῶς οὗτοι φενακίζουσιν ὑμᾶς τοὺς προσέχοντας τούτοις ὡς ἐχθροῖς; λέγε τὰς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [¶8] 44. No; if they are in truth enemies of Demosthenes, you should bid them bring their indictments against him, and not permit him to propose illegal decrees. These people too are clever, and you are more apt to give them credence. They will not, however, take the course which I mention. For what reason? Because they claim to be at war with one another, although they are not at war. > Greek: 44. οὐκοῦν δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, μηδʼ ὑμᾶς τῶν φησόντων Θεοκρίνῃ διὰ τὴν πρὸς Δημοσθένην ἔχθραν συνερεῖν ἐθέλειν ἀκούειν, ἀλλὰ κελεύειν αὐτούς, εἴπερ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἐχθροί εἰσιν τοῦ Δημοσθένους, αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον γράφεσθαι καὶ μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν αὐτῷ παράνομα γράφειν. εἰσὶ δὲ δεινοὶ καὶ οὗτοι, καὶ πιστεύονται μᾶλλον παρʼ ὑμῖν. ἀλλʼ οὐ ποιήσουσι τοῦτο. διὰ τί; ὅτι φασὶ πολεμεῖν ἀλλήλοις οὐ πολεμοῦντες. [¶9] 45. With reference to the enmity of these people you could give me more exact information than I can give you. I should be glad, however, to ask Theocrines in your presence, if only he would give me an honest answer, what he would have done—he who declares that he has been assigned the duty of putting a stop to the proposers of illegal decrees—if anyone, after speaking to the whole body of citizens in the assembly and winning their assent, had proposed a decree, permitting those who had lost their civic rights and those indebted to the public treasury to indict, denounce, and lodge criminal informations—in a word to do all the things which the law now forbids them to do— would he have indicted for illegality the one who proposed that decree, or would he not? > Greek: 45. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς τούτων ἔχθρας ὑμεῖς ἂν ἀκριβέστερον ἐμοὶ διεξέλθοιτε ἢ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν ἠρόμην Θεοκρίνην ἐναντίον ὑμῶν, εἴ μοι ἔμελλεν ἀποκρινεῖσθαι δικαίως, τί ποτʼ ἂν ἐποίησεν, ἐπειδή φησιν ἐπὶ τῷ κωλύειν τετάχθαι τοὺς παράνομα γράφοντας, εἴ τις ἐν τῷ δήμῳ διαλεχθεὶς ἅπασι τοῖς πολίταις καὶ πείσας ἔγραψεν ἐξεῖναι τοῖς ἀτίμοις καὶ τοῖς ὀφείλουσιν τῷ δημοσίῳ γράφεσθαι, φαίνειν, ἐνδεικνύειν, ἁπλῶς ποιεῖν ὅσαπερ νῦν ὁ νόμος κωλύει πράττειν, πότερον ἐγράψατο ἂν παρανόμων τὸν ταῦτʼ εἰπόντα, ἢ οὔ; [¶10] 46. If he says he would not, how can you believe him when he states that he is on the watch for those who propose illegal decrees? And if he would have brought in an indictment, is it not an outrageous thing, that when another proposed the bill, he should prevent its being finally enacted, to the end that all should not have this privilege, and should put a stop to the matter by preferring an indictment, plainly writing by its side the words of the laws; and yet should now, without having won the people’s consent or made the matter public, himself continue to prefer indictments, when the laws forbid him to do so? And he will say presently that he is being abominably treated if he is not to be allowed to continue to do this, and will rehearse the penalties provided by the laws, to which he will be liable, if convicted. Is it not an outrage that he should flout the laws, but claim that there has been granted to him by you a privilege so great that no one else has dared even to ask for it? > Greek: 46. εἰ μὲν γὰρ μή [φήσει ἂν γράψασθαι], πῶς χρὴ πιστεύειν αὐτῷ λέγοντι, ὡς φυλάττει τοὺς παράνομα γράφοντας; εἰ δʼ ἐγράψατʼ ἄν, πῶς οὐ δεινόν ἐστιν ἑτέρου μὲν γράψαντος κωλύειν ἂν τέλος ἔχειν τὸ ψήφισμα, ἵνα μὴ πάντες τοῦτο ποιῶσι, καὶ γραφὴν ἀπενεγκόντα παραγραψάμενον σαφῶς τοὺς νόμους κωλύειν τὸ πρᾶγμα, νυνὶ δὲ αὐτὸν τοῦτον, μήτε πείσαντα τὸν δῆμον μήτε κοινὸν καταστήσαντα τὸ πρᾶγμα, γράφεσθαι τῶν νόμων αὐτῷ ἀπαγορευόντων (καὶ δεινὰ φήσει αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα πάσχειν, εἰ μὴ ταῦτʼ ἐξέσται ποιεῖν αὐτῷ, καὶ διέξεισι τὰς ἐκ τῶν νόμων ζημίας, αἷς ἔνοχος ἐὰν ἁλῷ γενήσεται) τῶν δὲ νόμων μὴ φροντίζειν, ἀλλʼ ἀξιοῦν αὑτῷ τηλικαύτην δωρεὰν δεδόσθαι παρʼ ὑμῶν, ὅσην οὐδʼ αἰτῆσαι τετόλμηκεν οὐδείς; [¶11] 48. That in regard to the criminal information, therefore, neither Theocrines nor anyone of those who speak in his behalf will have any just argument to advance, I take it you are all pretty well assured. I fancy, however, that they will try to maintain that criminal informations may not be lodged against those who are not registered on the Acropolis, and that it is not right to consider those as debtors whose names no one has given over to the collectors, just as though you were unaware of the law which declares a man a debtor from the day on which the penalty has been imposed or on which he has transgressed the law or the decree; or as if it were not clear to everybody that there are many ways in which people who wish to obey the laws become debtors to the treasury and meet the obligation. > Greek: 48. ὅτι μὲν οὖν περὶ τῆς ἐνδείξεως οὐδὲν ἕξει δίκαιον λέγειν οὔτε Θεοκρίνης οὔτε τῶν ὑπὲρ τούτου λεγόντων οὐδείς, σχεδὸν εἰδέναι πάντας ὑμᾶς νομίζω. οἶμαι δʼ αὐτοὺς ἐπιχειρήσειν λέγειν, ὡς οὐδʼ εἰσὶν ἐνδείξεις τούτων ὅσοι μὴ ἐν ἀκροπόλει ἐγγεγραμμένοι εἰσίν, οὐδʼ ἐστὶ δίκαιον τούτους ὑπολαμβάνειν ὀφείλειν ὧν οὐδεὶς παρέδωκε τοῖς πράκτορσι τὰ ὀνόματα, ὥσπερ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοήσοντας τὸν νόμον, ὃς ὀφείλειν κελεύει ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὄφλῃ ἢ παραβῇ τὸν νόμον ἢ τὸ ψήφισμα, ἢ οὐ πᾶσι δῆλον ⟨ὂν⟩ ὅτι πολλαχῶς καὶ ὀφείλουσι τῷ δημοσίῳ καὶ ἐκτίνουσιν οἱ βουλόμενοι τοῖς νόμοις πείθεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου δῆλον. [¶12] 49. This is plain from the law itself. (To the clerk.) Take this law again, please. The Law Do you hear, you abominable beast, what the statute says? “From the day on which the penalty shall be imposed or on which he transgresses the law.” > Greek: 49. καί μοι πάλιν λαβὲ τὸν νόμον τοῦτον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. ἀκούεις, ὦ μιαρὸν σὺ θηρίον, ὅ τι κελεύει; ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὄφλῃ ἢ τὸν νόμον παραβῇ. [¶13] 50. I hear that they are going to produce also that law which ordains that, in the interest of those who are inscribed on the register, whatever portion of the debt be paid shall be erased, and they will ask how men are to make erasures, when the debt has not even been entered on the register; as if you did not know that this statute has to do with debtors who are registered, while to those who are not registered but owe money that other law applies, which declares that one is a debtor from the day on which the penalty is incurred or on which he transgresses the law or the decree. > Greek: 50. ἀκούω τοίνυν αὐτοὺς κἀκεῖνον ὑμῖν μέλλειν δεικνύναι τὸν νόμον, ὃς ἀπαλείφειν κελεύει τοῖς ἐγγεγραμμένοις ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀφλήματος καθʼ ὅ τι ἂν ἐκτίνῃ, καὶ ἐρήσεσθαι πῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ μηδʼ ἐγγεγραμμένου ἀπαλείψουσιν, ὥσπερ οὐ περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐγγεγραμμένων τοῦτον κείμενον, περὶ δὲ τῶν μὴ ἐγγεγραμμένων ὀφειλόντων δʼ ἐκεῖνον, ὃς κελεύει ἀπʼ ἐκείνης ὀφείλειν τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ὄφλῃ ἢ παραβῇ τὸν νόμον ἢ τὸ ψήφισμα. [¶14] 51. Why, then, he will ask, do you not indict me for non-insertion in the register, seeing that I am a debtor, and not registered? Because the law ordains that indictments for non-insertion shall be lodged, not against those who are debtors and not registered, but against those who, although they have been registered and have not paid their debt, nevertheless have their names erased. (To the clerk.) Take the law, please, and read it. The Law You hear the law, men of the jury, hear that it expressly declares that, if any one of those indebted to the treasury shall have his name erased without having discharged his debt to the state, an indictment for non-insertion in the register may be brought against him before the Thesmothetae, but not against a debtor who has not been registered. > Greek: 51. τί οὖν οὐκ ἀγραφίου με, φήσει, γράφει, τὸν ὀφείλοντα καὶ μὴ ἐγγεγραμμένον; ὅτι ὁ νόμος οὐ κατὰ τῶν ὀφειλόντων καὶ μὴ ἐγγραφέντων κελεύει τὰς γραφὰς τοῦ ἀγραφίου εἶναι, ἀλλʼ οἵτινες ἂν ἐγγραφέντες καὶ μὴ ἐκτείσαντες τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄφλημα ἐξαλειφθῶσι. καί μοι λαβὲ τὸν νόμον καὶ ἀνάγνωθι. ΝΟΜΟΣ. [¶15] 52. Against persons of this class it ordains that there shall be a criminal information and other legal penalties. But why do you, Theocrines, try to teach me all the ways in which one may avenge oneself upon one’s enemies, instead of making a defence in the action in which you have come into court? > Greek: 52. ἀκούετε τοῦ νόμου, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι διαρρήδην λέγει, ἐάν τις τῶν ὀφειλόντων τῷ δημοσίῳ μὴ ἐκτείσας τὸ ὄφλημα τῇ πόλει ἐξαλειφθῇ, εἶναι κατʼ αὐτοῦ τὰς γραφὰς πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας τοῦ ἀγραφίου, καὶ οὐ κατὰ τοῦ ὀφείλοντος καὶ μὴ ἐγγεγραμμένου, ἀλλʼ ἔνδειξιν κελεύει καὶ ἄλλας τιμωρίας κατὰ τούτων εἶναι. ἀλλὰ σὺ τί διδάσκεις με πάντας τοὺς τρόπους οἷς δεῖ με τιμωρήσασθαι τοὺς ἐχθρούς, ἀλλʼ οὐ καθʼ ὃν εἰσελήλυθα, τοῦτον ἀπολογεῖ; [¶16] 53. Moerocles, men of the jury, who proposed the decree against those who injure merchants, and who persuaded, not you alone, but your allies as well, to organize a sort of police to repress the wrongdoers, will not be ashamed presently on behalf of Theocrines to speak in opposition to his own decree. On the contrary, he will have the audacity to advise you that you ought not to punish, but to acquit, the one who has thus manifestly been convicted of lodging false denunciations against the merchants; as if his measures for purging the sea had no other purpose than that voyagers who had come safely through the dangers of the open sea might pay money to these people in the harbor; or as if it were any advantage to the merchants that, after completing a long voyage without mishap, they should fall into the hands of Theocrines. > Greek: 53. Μοιροκλῆς τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὁ τὸ ψήφισμα γράψας κατὰ τῶν τοὺς ἐμπόρους ἀδικούντων, καὶ πείσας οὐ μόνον ὑμᾶς ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους φυλακήν τινα τῶν κακουργούντων ποιήσασθαι, οὐκ αἰσχυνεῖται αὐτίκα μάλα λέγων ὑπὲρ Θεοκρίνου ἐναντία τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ψηφίσμασιν, ἀλλὰ τολμήσει πείθειν ὑμᾶς ὡς χρὴ τὸν οὕτως φανερῶς ἐξεληλεγμένον φάσεις ποιούμενον ἀδίκους κατὰ τῶν ἐμπόρων ἀφεῖναι καὶ μὴ τιμωρήσασθαι, ὥσπερ ἕνεκα τούτου γράψας καθαρὰν εἶναι τὴν θάλατταν, ἵνα σωθέντες οἱ πλέοντες ἐκ τοῦ πελάγους ἐν τῷ λιμένι χρήματα τούτοις ἀποτίνωσιν, ἢ διαφέρον τι τοῖς ἐμπόροις, ἂν μακρὸν διαφυγόντες πλοῦν Θεοκρίνῃ περιπέσωσιν. [¶17] 55. For my part, I think that, while the generals and those in command of your ships of war, and not you, are to blame for mishaps which occur during a voyage, yet for mishaps in the Peiraeus and before the magistrates you are to blame, since you have all these persons under your control. Wherefore it is even more necessary to watch those who transgress the laws here at home than those who fail to abide by your decrees abroad, in order that you may not yourselves be thought to look with complaisance upon what is going on and in a measure to connive at the doings of these men. > Greek: 55. ἐγὼ δʼ οἶμαι τῶν μὲν κατὰ πλοῦν γιγνομένων οὐχ ὑμᾶς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς μακροῖς πλοίοις αἰτίους εἶναι, τῶν δʼ ἐν τῷ Πειραιεῖ καὶ πρὸς ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ὑμᾶς, οἳ τούτων κύριοι ἁπάντων ἐστέ. διὸ καὶ μᾶλλόν ἐστι τηρητέον τοὺς ἐνθάδε παραβαίνοντας τοὺς νόμους τῶν ἔξω τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν οὐκ ἐμμενόντων, ἵνα μὴ δοκῆτε αὐτοὶ πράως ἐπὶ τοῖς γιγνομένοις φέρειν καὶ συνειδέναι τι τούτοις ὧν πράττουσιν. [¶18] 56. For surely, Moerocles, we are not now going to exact ten talents from the Melians in accordance with the terms of your decree, because they gave harborage to the pirates, and yet suffer this man to go free who has transgressed both your decree and the laws which maintain our state. And shall we prevent from wrongdoing the islanders, against whom we must man our ships in order to hold them to their duty, but you abominable creatures, upon whom these jurymen should inflict the penalty according to the laws, while they sit right here—shall we let you go? (To the jury.) You will not, at least if you are wise. (To the clerk.) Read the stelê. The Stele Regarding the laws, then, and the case before you I do not know what need there is to say more; for, I take it, you have been adequately informed. > Greek: 56. οὐ γὰρ δήπου Μηλίους μέν, ὦ Μοιρόκλεις, κατὰ τὸ σὸν ψήφισμα δέκα τάλαντα νῦν εἰσεπράξαμεν, ὅτι τοὺς λῃστὰς ὑπεδέξαντο, τουτονὶ δʼ ἀφήσομεν, ὃς καὶ τὸ σὸν ψήφισμα καὶ τοὺς νόμους, διʼ οὓς οἰκοῦμεν τὴν πόλιν, παραβέβηκεν· καὶ τοὺς μὲν τὰς νήσους οἰκοῦντας κωλύσομεν ἀδικεῖν, ἐφʼ οὓς τριήρεις δεῖ πληρώσαντας ἀναγκάσαι τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν, ὑμᾶς δὲ τοὺς μιαρούς, οἷς αὐτοῦ δεῖ καθημένους τουτουσὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ἐπιθεῖναι δίκην, ἐάσομεν; οὔκ, ἄν γε σωφρονῆτε. λέγε τὴν στήλην. ΣΤΗΛΗ. [¶19] 57. It is my purpose, after begging justice at your hands for my father and myself, to come down from the platform and trouble you no further. I felt, men of the jury, that it was my duty to come to my father’s aid, and I thought that this course was just; so I lodged this criminal information, as I told you at the outset, although I knew well that those who wished to calumniate me would find words which would fling reproach upon my youth, while others would praise me and hold that I was acting wisely in seeking to take vengeance on the enemy of my father. However, I knew that, while the effect on my hearers would be as fortune might determine, I was none the less in duty bound to carry out the command laid upon me by my father, especially as it was a just one. > Greek: 57. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν νόμων καὶ τοῦ πράγματος οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι δεῖ πλείω λέγειν· ἱκανῶς γάρ μοι δοκεῖτε μεμαθηκέναι. βούλομαι δὲ δεηθεὶς ὑμῶν τὰ δίκαιʼ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καταβαίνειν καὶ μὴ ἐνοχλεῖν ὑμῖν. ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, βοηθεῖν οἰόμενος δεῖν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τοῦτο δίκαιον εἶναι νομίζων, τὴν ἔνδειξιν ταύτην ἐποιησάμην, ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπον, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν οὔτε τοὺς βλασφημεῖν βουλομένους, ὅτι λόγους εὑρήσουσι τοὺς διαβαλοῦντας τὴν ἐμὴν ἡλικίαν, οὔτε τοὺς ἐπαινεσομένους καὶ σωφρονεῖν με νομιοῦντας, εἰ τὸν ἐχθρὸν τοῦ πατρὸς τιμωρεῖσθαι προαιροῦμαι, ἀλλʼ ἡγούμενος ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως ὅπως ἂν τύχῃ παρὰ τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις συμβήσεσθαι, ἐμοὶ δὲ τὸ προσταχθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός, ἄλλως τε καὶ δίκαιον ὄν, τοῦτʼ εἶναι ποιητέον. [¶20] 59. For when, pray, should I come to his aid? Should it not be now, when the opportunity of avenging him in accordance with the laws is open to me, when I myself share in my father’s misfortune, and he has been left desolate? This is precisely what has now come about. For, in addition to our other misfortunes, men of the jury, this too has befallen us: everybody urges us on, expresses sympathy for what has happened, says that we have been outrageously treated, and that the defendant is liable to the criminal information; yet no one of those who say these things is willing to cooperate with us or declares his readiness openly to incur the enmity of Theocrines. So true is it that with some people the love of right is not strong enough to lead them to speak out frankly. > Greek: 59. πότε γάρ με καὶ δεῖ βοηθεῖν αὐτῷ; οὐχ ὅταν ἡ μὲν τιμωρία κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ᾖ, μετέχων δʼ αὐτὸς τυγχάνω τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς ἀτυχίας, μόνος δὲ καταλελειμμένος ὁ πατήρ; ὅπερ νῦν συμβέβηκεν. πρὸς γὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀτυχήμασι καὶ τοῦθʼ ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, συμβέβηκεν· παροξύνουσι μὲν ἡμᾶς ἅπαντες καὶ συνάχθεσθαί φασι τοῖς γεγενημένοις καὶ δεινὰ πεπονθέναι λέγουσι καὶ τοῦτον εἶναι ἔνοχον τῇ ἐνδείξει, συμπράττειν δʼ οὐδεὶς ἐθέλει τῶν εἰπόντων, οὐδέ φησιν ἀπεχθάνεσθαι βούλεσθαι φανερῶς· οὕτως ἔλαττον παρά τισιν τὸ δίκαιον ἰσχύει τῆς παρρησίας. [¶21] 60. And, men of the jury, while many misfortunes have befallen us in a short period of time because of this fellow Theocrines, no one of them is more grievous than the present one, that, namely, my father, to whom the wrong was done and who could set forth to you the cruel and illegal acts of Theocrines, must keep silent (for the laws so bid), and I, who am unequal to all these tasks, must I do the talking; and whereas other youths of my age are aided by their fathers, my father now rests his hopes on me. > Greek: 60. πολλῶν δʼ ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, διὰ τουτονὶ Θεοκρίνην ἀτυχημάτων ἐν οὐκ ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ συμβεβηκότων, οὐδενὸς ἔλαττόν ἐστιν τὸ νῦν συμβαῖνον, ὅτι τὰ δεινὰ καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους πεπραγμένα Θεοκρίνῃ τῷ μὲν πατρὶ τῷ πεπονθότι καὶ δυναμένῳ ἂν δηλῶσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἡσυχίαν ἑκτέον ἐστίν (οἱ γὰρ νόμοι ταῦτα κελεύουσιν), ἐμοὶ δὲ τῷ πάντων τούτων ὑστερίζοντι λεκτέον, καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις τοῖς τηλικούτοις οἱ πατέρες βοηθοῦσιν, οὗτος δʼ ἐν ἐμοὶ νῦν ἔχει τὰς ἐλπίδας. [¶22] 61. Seeing, then, that we are engaged in so unequal a contest, we beg you all to come to our aid and to make it clear to all men that, whether a boy or an old man, or one of any age, comes before you in accordance with the laws, he will obtain complete justice. The honorable course for you, men of the jury, is, not to put the laws or your own selves in the power of those who speak, but to keep the speakers in your power, and to make a distinction between those who speak well and lucidly, and those who speak what is just; for it is concerning justice that you have sworn to cast your votes. > Greek: 61. τοιοῦτον οὖν ἀγωνιζόμενοι ἀγῶνα δεόμεθʼ ὑμῶν ἐπικουρεῖν ἡμῖν, καὶ δεῖξαι πᾶσιν ὅτι, κἂν παῖς κἂν γέρων κἂν ἡντινοῦν ἡλικίαν ἔχων ἥκῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς κατὰ τοὺς νόμους, οὗτος τεύξεται πάντων τῶν δικαίων. καλὸν γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, μήτε τοὺς νόμους μήθʼ ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς λέγουσι ποιεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἐκείνους ἐφʼ ὑμῖν, καὶ χωρὶς κρίνειν τούς τʼ εὖ καὶ σαφῶς καὶ τοὺς τὰ δίκαια λέγοντας· περὶ γὰρ τούτου τὴν ψῆφον ὀμωμόκατʼ οἴσειν. [¶23] 62. For no man surely will persuade you that there will be any lack of politicians like the defendant, or that the state will be less well administered because of that. Indeed the opposite is the case, as I hear from men older than myself. For they tell us that the state fared best when men of moderation and restraint were in public life. Would one find Theocrines and his fellows to be good counsellors? No; they say not a word in the assembly, but get money by indicting those who do speak there. > Greek: 62. οὐ γὰρ δὴ πείσει γʼ ὑμᾶς οὐδεὶς ὡς ἐπιλείψουσιν οἱ τοιοῦτοι ῥήτορες, οὐδʼ ὡς διὰ τοῦτο χεῖρον ἡ πόλις οἰκήσεται. τοὐναντίον γάρ ἐστιν, ὡς ἐγὼ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἀκούω· τότε γάρ φασιν ἄριστα πρᾶξαι τὴν πόλιν, ὅτε μέτριοι καὶ σώφρονες ἄνδρες ἐπολιτεύοντο. πότερον γὰρ συμβούλους εὕροι τις ἂν τούτους ἀγαθούς; ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐκεῖθεν γραφόμενοι χρήματα λαμβάνουσιν. [¶24] 63. And this is an extraordinary thing: they make their living by pettifoggery, yet they say they get nothing from the state, and, while they possessed nothing before coming to you, now that they are well-to-do they do not even feel grateful to you, but go about saying that the people are fickle and surly and thankless, as if you prospered because of these men, and not they because of the people! But after all it is natural for them to say this, when they see how easy-going you are. For you have never punished any one of them in the way his wickedness deserves, but you put up with their saying that the safety of the democracy comes from those who bring indictments and baseless actions; than whom no more pernicious class exists. > Greek: 63. ὃ καὶ θαυμάσιόν ἐστιν, ὅτι ζῶντες ἐκ τοῦ συκοφαντεῖν οὔ φασι λαμβάνειν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως· καὶ πρὶν προσελθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ἔχοντες, νῦν εὐποροῦντες οὐδὲ χάριν ὑμῖν ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ περιιόντες λέγουσιν ὡς ἀβέβαιός ἐστιν ὁ δῆμος, ὡς δυσχερής, ὡς ἀχάριστος, ὥσπερ ὑμᾶς διὰ τούτους εὐποροῦντας, οὐ τούτους διὰ τὸν δῆμον. ἀλλὰ γὰρ εἰκότως ταῦθʼ οὗτοι λέγουσιν, ὁρῶντες τὴν ὑμετέραν ῥᾳθυμίαν. οὐδένα γὰρ ἀξίως αὐτῶν τῆς πονηρίας τετιμώρησθε, ἀλλʼ ὑπομένετε λεγόντων αὐτῶν ὡς ἡ τοῦ δήμου σωτηρία διὰ τῶν γραφομένων καὶ συκοφαντούντων ἐστίν· ὧν γένος ἐξω- λέστερον οὐδέν ἐστιν. [¶25] 64. For in what could anyone find these people useful to the state? They punish wrongdoers, it will be said, and through them the number of wrongdoers is lessened. Not so, men of the jury; it is even increased; for those who are minded to do evil, knowing that a portion of their gains must be given to these men, of necessity determine to exact more from the rest, that they may have enough to spend, not only upon themselves, but upon these men as well. > Greek: 64. τί γὰρ ἄν τις τούτους εὕροι χρησίμους ὄντας τῇ πόλει; τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας νὴ Δίʼ οὗτοι κολάζουσιν, καὶ διὰ τούτους ἐλάττους εἰσὶν ἐκεῖνοι. οὐ δῆτα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλείους· εἰδότες γὰρ οἱ κακόν τι βουλόμενοι πράττειν ὅτι τούτοις ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τῶν λημμάτων τὸ μέρος δοτέον, ἐξ ἀνάγκης μείζω προαιροῦνται παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἁρπάζειν, ἵνα μὴ μόνον αὑτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτοις ἔχωσιν ἀναλίσκειν. [¶26] 65. Against all others who in their wrongdoing work harm upon those who come into contact with them men may protect themselves, some by setting a guard over their household effects, others by staying at home at night, so as to suffer no harm, and again, by taking precautions in one way or another men can guard against the plots of those who wish to work them harm; but against pettifoggers like this man—whither can one go to win security from them? The things which are a means of escape from other crimes are the stock-in-trade of these men—the laws, that is, the courts, witnesses, assemblies. It is here that they show their strength, counting as friends those who offer them money, and the quiet and wealthy people as their foes. > Greek: 65. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ὅσοι κακουργοῦντες βλάπτουσί τι τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας, τοὺς μὲν τῶν οἴκοι φυλακὴν καταστήσαντας [σῴζειν ἔστι], τοὺς δʼ ἔνδον μένοντας τῆς νυκτὸς [μηδὲν παθεῖν], τοὺς δʼ ἑνί γέ τῳ τρόπῳ φυλαξαμένους ἔνεστι διώσασθαι τὴν τῶν κακόν τι ποιεῖν βουλομένων ἐπιβουλήν· τοὺς δὲ τοιουτουσὶ συκοφάντας, ποῖ χρὴ πορευθέντας ἀδείας παρὰ τούτων τυχεῖν; αἱ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ἀδικημάτων καταφυγαὶ τούτοις εἰσὶν ἐργασίαι, νόμοι, δικαστήρια, μάρτυρες, ἀγοραί· ἐν οἷς τὰς αὑτῶν ῥώμας ἐπιδείκνυνται, φίλους μὲν τοὺς διδόντας νομίζοντες, ἐχθροὺς δὲ τοὺς ἀπράγμονας καὶ πλουσίους. [¶27] 66. Remember, therefore, men of the jury, the wickedness of these men, and remember also our ancestors, of whom Epichares, my grandfather, was victor in the foot-race for boys at Olympia and won a crown for the city, and enjoyed good report among your ancestors as long as he lived; whereas we, thanks to this god-detested fellow, have been deprived of our citizenship in that state in defence of which Aristocrates, son of Scelius, the uncle of my grandfather Epichares, whose name my brother here bears, performed many glorious deeds, when our country was at war with the Lacedaemonians. He razed to the ground Eetioneia, into which Critias and his faction were about to receive the Lacedaemonians, destroyed the fortress raised against us, and restored the people to their country, incurring himself dangers not like those which we are incurring, but dangers in which even disaster is glorious; and he put a stop to those who were plotting against you. > Greek: 66. ἀναμνησθέντες οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τῆς τούτων πονηρίας καὶ τῶν προγόνων τῶν ἡμετέρων, ὧν Ἐπιχάρης μὲν ὁ πάππος ὁ ἐμὸς Ὀλυμπίασι νικήσας παῖδας στάδιον ἐστεφάνωσε τὴν πόλιν, καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ὑμετέροις προγόνοις ἐπιεικῆ δόξαν ἔχων ἐτελεύτησεν· ἡμεῖς δὲ διὰ τοῦτον τὸν θεοῖς ἐχθρὸν ἀπεστερήμεθα ταύτης τῆς πόλεως, ὑπὲρ ἧς Ἀριστοκράτης ὁ Σκελίου, θεῖος ὢν Ἐπιχάρους τοῦ πάππου τοῦ ἐμοῦ, οὗ ἔχει ἁδελφὸς οὑτοσὶ τοὔνομα, πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ διαπραξάμενος ἔργα πολεμούσης τῆς πόλεως Λακεδαιμονίοις, κατασκάψας τὴν Ἠετιώνειαν, εἰς ἣν Λακεδαιμονίους ἔμελλον οἱ περὶ Κριτίαν ὑποδέχεσθαι, καθεῖλε μὲν τὸ ἐπιτείχισμα, κατήγαγε δὲ τὸν δῆμον κινδυνεύων αὐτὸς οὐ τοιούτους κινδύνους, ἀλλʼ ἐν οἷς καὶ παθεῖν τι καλόν ἐστιν, ἔπαυσε δὲ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας ὑμῖν. [¶28] 68. For his sake, even if we had been like this fellow Theocrines, you would with good right have preserved us; to say nothing of our being better than he and of our pleading a cause which is just. We will not burden you by constantly repeating these things, for the defendant has brought us into such plight that, as I said at the outset, we have no hope of sharing in that freedom of speech which is granted even to aliens. > Greek: 68. διʼ ὅν, εἰ Θεοκρίνῃ τουτῳὶ ὅμοιοι ὄντες ἐτυγχάνομεν, εἰκότως ἐσῴζετʼ ἂν ἡμᾶς, μὴ ὅτι βελτίους ὄντας τούτου καὶ δίκαια λέγοντας. οὐ γὰρ πολλάκις ὑμᾶς ταῦτα λέγοντες ἐνοχλήσομεν· οὕτως γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὗτος διατέθηκεν ὥστε, ὅπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπον, μηδʼ ἐλπίδʼ ἡμῖν εἶναι μηδεμίαν τοῦ μετασχεῖν τῆς καὶ τοῖς ξένοις δεδομένης παρρησίας. [¶29] 69. In order, therefore, that, if we get nothing else, we may at least have the satisfaction of seeing the defendant also reduced to silence, come to our aid; have pity on those of our family who have died for their country; compel Theocrines to make his defence on the questions raised by the indictment itself; and show yourselves as judges of his words such as he showed himself as our accuser. > Greek: 69. ἵνʼ οὖν, εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο, ταύτην γε ἔχωμεν παραψυχήν, τὸ καὶ τοῦτον ὁρᾶν ἡσυχίαν ἄγοντα, βοηθήσαθʼ ἡμῖν, ἐλεήσατε τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἡμῶν τετελευτηκότας, ἀναγκάσατʼ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς τῆς ἐνδείξεως ἀπολογεῖσθαι, καὶ τοιοῦτοι γένεσθʼ αὐτῷ δικασταὶ τῶν λεγομένων οἷος ἡμῶν οὗτος ἐγένετο κατήγορος, ὃς ἐξαπατήσας τοὺς δικαστὰς οὐκ ἠθέλησε τιμήσασθαι μετρίου τινὸς τιμήματος τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἐμῷ, πολλὰ ἐμοῦ δεηθέντος καὶ τοῦτον ἱκετεύσαντος πρὸς τῶν γονάτων, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τὴν πόλιν προδεδωκότι τῷ πατρὶ δέκα ταλάντων ἐτιμήσατο. [¶30] 70. For he, after deceiving the jury, refused to propose any moderate penalty for my father, although I pleaded with him earnestly and clasped his knees in entreaty; but, as if my father had betrayed our country, he fixed the penalty at ten talents. We, therefore, beg and implore you: give us a just verdict. Come to our aid, anyone who has anything to say, and plead for us. (To one who rises to speak.) Mount the platform. > Greek: 70. δεόμεθʼ οὖν ὑμῶν, ἀντιβολοῦμεν, τὰ δίκαια ψηφίζεσθε. βοήθησον ἡμῖν ὁ δεῖνα, εἴ τι ἔχεις, καὶ σύνειπε. ἀνάβηθι.