1. Well, since you wish to hear the essay, I shall bring it out and read it aloud; but first you must understand its purpose. The writer’s desire is to praise Epicrates, whom he thought to be the most charming young man in the city, although there were many fine gentlemen among those of his own age, and to surpass him more in understanding than in beauty of person. Observing also that, generally speaking, most erotic compositions attach shame rather than honor to those about whom they are written, he has taken precautions that this should not happen in his case, and has written only what he says he is convinced of by his judgement, believing that an honest lover would neither do anything shameful nor request it.
1. ἀλλʼ ἐπειδήπερ ἀκούειν βούλει τοῦ λόγου, δείξω σοι καὶ ἀναγνώσομαι. δεῖ δέ σε τὴν προαίρεσιν αὐτοῦ πρῶτον εἰδέναι. βούλεται μὲν γὰρ ὁ τὸν λόγον ποιῶν ἐπαινεῖν Ἐπικράτην, ὃν ᾤετο πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν κἀγαθῶν ὄντων νέων ἐν τῇ πόλει χαριέστατον εἶναι, καὶ πλέον τῇ συνέσει προέχειν ἢ τῷ κάλλει τῶν ἡλικιωτῶν. ὁρῶν δʼ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἐρωτικῶν συνταγμάτων αἰσχύνην μᾶλλον ἢ τιμὴν περιάπτοντα τούτοις περὶ ὧν ἐστι γεγραμμένα, τοῦθʼ ὅπως μὴ πείσεται πεφύλακται, καὶ ὅπερ καὶ πεπεῖσθαί φησιν τῇ γνώμῃ, τοῦτο καὶ γέγραφεν, ὡς δίκαιος ἐραστὴς οὔτʼ ἂν ποιήσειεν οὐδὲν αἰσχρὸν οὔτʼ ἀξιώσειεν. ὃ μὲν οὖν ὡσπερεὶ μάλιστʼ ἂν ἐρωτικὸν λάβοις τοῦ λόγου, περὶ τοῦτʼ ἔστιν·
2. Now, that part of my essay which you may find to be the most erotic, so to speak, is on this topic, but the rest of it in part praises the lad himself and in part counsels about his education and his design for living. whole essay is written as one would put it into a book, because discourses intended to be delivered ought to be written simply and just as one might speak offhand, while those of the other kind, which are planned to last longer, are properly composed in the manner of poetry and ornately. For it is the function of the former to win converts and of the latter to display one’s skill. Accordingly, to avoid spoiling the essay for you or rehearsing my own opinions about these questions, I ask you to lend your attention, since you are immediately going to hear the essay itself, because Epicrates is also at hand, whom I wished to hear it.
2. ὁ δʼ ἄλλος λόγος τὰ μὲν αὐτὸν ἐπαινεῖ τὸν νεανίσκον, τὰ δʼ αὐτῷ συμβουλεύει περὶ παιδείας τε καὶ προαιρέσεως τοῦ βίου. πάντα δὲ ταῦτα γέγραπται τὸν τρόπον ὅν τις ἂν εἰς βιβλίον καταθεῖτο. τοῖς μὲν γὰρ λεκτικοῖς τῶν λόγων ἁπλῶς καὶ ὁμοίως οἷς ἂν ἐκ τοῦ παραχρῆμά τις εἴποι πρέπει γεγράφθαι, τοῖς δʼ εἰς τὸν πλείω χρόνον τεθησομένοις ποιητικῶς καὶ περιττῶς ἁρμόττει συγκεῖσθαι· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ πιθανούς, τοὺς δʼ ἐπιδεικτικοὺς εἶναι προσήκει. ἵνʼ οὖν μὴ παρὰ τὸν λόγον σοι λέγω, μηδʼ ἃ γιγνώσκω περὶ τούτων αὐτὸς διεξίω, πρόσεχʼ ὡς αὐτοῦ τοῦ λόγου ἤδη ἀκουσόμενος, ἐπειδὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ἥκει, ὃν ἠβουλήθην ἀκούειν, Ἐπικράτης.
3. Observing that certain of those who are loved and possess their share of good looks make the right use of neither one of these blessings, but put on grand airs because of the comeliness of their appearance and exhibit reluctance to associate with their admirers, and so far fail in judging what is best that, because of those who pervert the thing, they assume a surly attitude toward those also who desire to associate with them from pure motives, I concluded that such young men not only defeat their own interests but also engender evil habits in the rest, and that the high-minded should not follow their foolish example, bearing in mind particularly that, since actions are not absolutely either honorable or shameful but for most part vary according to the persons concerned, it is unreasonable to adopt the same attitude toward both classes of men, and secondly, that it is the height of absurdity to envy those who have a host of firm friends but to repulse their admirers, who are a separate group and alone feel drawn by nature, not toward all, but only to the beautiful and modest.
3. ὁρῶν ἐνίους τῶν ἐρωμένων καὶ κάλλους μετεσχηκότων οὐδετέρᾳ τῶν εὐτυχιῶν τούτων ὀρθῶς χρωμένους, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ μὲν τῇ τῆς ὄψεως εὐπρεπείᾳ σεμνυνομένους, τὴν δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἐραστὰς ὁμιλίαν δυσχεραίνοντας, καὶ τοσοῦτον διημαρτηκότας τοῦ τὰ βέλτιστα κρίνειν ὥστε διὰ τοὺς λυμαινομένους τῷ πράγματι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μετὰ σωφροσύνης πλησιάζειν ἀξιοῦντας δυσκόλως διακειμένους, ἡγησάμην τοὺς μὲν τοιούτους οὐ μόνον αὑτοῖς ἀλυσιτελῶς ἔχειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις μοχθηρὰς συνηθείας ἐνεργάζεσθαι, τοῖς δὲ καλῶς φρονοῦσιν οὐκ ἐπακολουθητέον εἶναι τῇ τούτων ἀπονοίᾳ, μάλιστα μὲν ἐνθυμουμένοις ὅτι τῶν πραγμάτων οὔτε καλῶν οὔτʼ αἰσχρῶν ἀποτόμως ὄντων, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοὺς χρωμένους τὸ πλεῖστον διαλλαττόντων, ἄλογον μιᾷ γνώμῃ περὶ ἀμφοτέρων χρῆσθαι, ἔπειθʼ ὅτι πάντων ἀτοπώτατόν ἐστιν ζηλοῦν μὲν τοὺς πλείστους φίλους καὶ βεβαιοτάτους ἔχοντας, ἀποδοκιμάζειν δὲ τοὺς ἐραστάς, ὃ μόνον ἴδιον ἔθνος οὐχ ἅπασιν ἀλλὰ τοῖς καλοῖς καὶ σώφροσιν οἰκειοῦσθαι πέφυκεν.
5. Moreover, although those who have never yet seen such a friendship turn out well or have severely condemned themselves on the ground that they would be incapable of associating innocently with casual acquaintances, it is perhaps not unreasonable to entertain this prejudice; but for those so disposed as yourself, who have not utterly refused to hear how very many benefits accrue through love without shame and have lived the rest of their lives with the utmost circumspection, it is not reasonable to have even a suspicion that they would do anything shameful.
5. ἔτι δὲ τοῖς μὲν μηδεμίαν πω τοιαύτην φιλίαν ἑορακόσιν καλῶς ἀποβᾶσαν, ἢ σφόδρα κατεγνωκόσιν αὑτῶν ὡς οὐκ ἂν δυνηθεῖεν σωφρόνως τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν ὁμιλεῖν, ἴσως οὐκ ἄλογον ταύτην ἔχειν τὴν διάνοιαν· τοῖς δʼ ὥσπερ σὺ διακειμένοις, καὶ μήτε παντάπασιν ἀνηκόοις οὖσιν ὅσαι δὴ χρεῖαι διʼ ἔρωτος χωρὶς αἰσχύνης ηὐξήθησαν, καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἀκριβεστάτης εὐλαβείας τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον βεβιωκόσιν, οὐδʼ ὑποψίαν ἔχειν εὔλογον ὡς ἄν τι πράξειαν αἰσχρόν.
6. Consequently I have felt all the more a moved to write this essay, feeling sure I should not fail to secure two most honorable rewards. For when I have described the good qualities you possess, I hope that at one and the same time I shall prove you to be worthy of admiration and myself not senseless if I love you, being what you are; and secondly, in tendering the advice that is most urgently needed I believe I shall present proof of my own goodwill and furnish a basis for our mutual friendship.
6. διὸ δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ἐπήρθην τοῦτον γράψαι τὸν λόγον, ἡγούμενος δυοῖν τοῖν καλλίστοιν οὐ διαμαρτήσεσθαι. τὰ μὲν γὰρ ὑπάρχοντά σοι ἀγαθὰ διελθὼν ἅμα σέ τε ζηλωτὸν καὶ ἐμαυτὸν οὐκ ἀνόητον ἐπιδείξειν ἐλπίζω, εἴ σε τοιοῦτον ὄντʼ ἀγαπῶ· συμβουλεύσας δʼ ἃ μάλιστα κατεπείγει, νομίζω τῆς μὲν εὐνοίας τῆς ἐμῆς δεῖγμα, τῆς δὲ κοινῆς φιλίας ἀφορμὴν ἀμφοτέροις εἰσοίσειν.
7. And yet it does not escape me that it is difficult to describe your character in keeping with your deserts and that it is more hazardous still to give advice when the adviser is bound to make himself answerable for his advice to the one who accepts it. It is my judgement, however, that, while it becomes the recipients of merited eulogies to baffle by the excess of their real virtue the ability of those who praise them, yet in my counsel I shall not miss the mark, being well aware that no advice could be innocently carried out if proffered by men who are senseless and quite ruined by incontinence, not even if they advise supremely well, but that not even the advice that is only moderately pondered can altogether miss the mark if tendered by men who choose to live pure and self disciplined lives.
7. καίτοι μʼ οὐ λέληθεν ὅτι χαλεπὸν μέν ἐστιν καὶ τὴν σὴν φύσιν ἀξίως τῶν ὑπαρχόντων διελθεῖν, ἔτι δʼ ἐπικινδυνότερον τὸ συμβουλεύειν μέλλονθʼ αὑτὸν ὑπεύθυνον τῷ πεισθέντι καταστῆσαι. ἀλλὰ νομίζω τοῖς μὲν δικαίως ἐγκωμίων τυγχάνουσιν περιγενέσθαι τῆς τῶν ἐπαινούντων δυνάμεως προσήκειν τῇ τῆς ἀληθείας ὑπερβολῇ, τῆς δὲ συμβουλῆς οὐ διαμαρτήσεσθαι, συνειδὼς ὅτι διὰ μὲν ἀνοήτων καὶ παντελῶς ὑπʼ ἀκρασίας διεφθαρμένων οὐδὲ τῶν καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὀρθῶς βουλευθέντων οὐδὲν ἂν καλῶς ἐξενεχθείη, διὰ δὲ τῶν σωφρόνως καὶ καθαρῶς ζῆν αἱρουμένων οὐδὲ τὰ μετρίως ἐσκεμμένα διαμαρτάνεσθαι πέφυκεν.
8. Cherishing such hopes I enter upon my theme. All men would agree with me, I believe, that it is of the utmost importance for young men of your age to possess beauty in respect of person, self-discipline in respect of soul, and manliness in respect of both, and consistently to possess charm in respect of speech. As for these two kinds of qualities, natural and acquired, Fortune has so generously blessed you with nature’s gifts that you consistently enjoy distinction and admiration, and the other kind you are bringing to such perfection through your own diligence that no fair-minded person could have fault to find with you.
8. τὰς μὲν οὖν ἐλπίδας ἔχων τοιαύτας ἐγχειρῶ τῷ λόγῳ· ἡγοῦμαι δὲ πάντας ἂν ὁμολογῆσαί μοι τοῖς τηλικούτοις μάλιστα κατεπείγειν κάλλος μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς ὄψεως, σωφροσύνην δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀνδρείαν δʼ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρων τούτων, χάριν δʼ ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων διατελεῖν ἔχοντας. ὧν τὰ μὲν τῆς φύσεως οὕτω καλῶς ἡ τύχη σοι παραδέδωκεν ὥστε περίβλεπτον καὶ θαυμαζόμενον διατελεῖν, τὰ δʼ αὐτὸς παρὰ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν εἰς τοῦτο προαγαγὼν ἥκεις ὥστε μηδένʼ ἄν σοι τῶν εὖ φρονούντων ἐπιτιμῆσαι.
9. And yet what ought he to possess who is worthy of the highest eulogies? Must he not manifestly be loved by the gods and among men be admired, for some qualities on his own account, for others because of his good fortune? Now the longer list of your virtuous qualities it will perhaps be fitting to describe summarily later on, but the praise I have to utter for each of the gifts of Fortune I shall now try to declare with truthfulness.
9. καίτοι τί χρὴ τὸν τῶν μεγίστων ἐπαίνων ἄξιον; οὐχ ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν θεῶν ἠγαπημένον φαίνεσθαι, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὰ μὲν διʼ αὑτόν, τὰ δὲ διὰ τὴν τύχην θαυμάζεσθαι; καθʼ ὅλου μὲν τοίνυν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων σοι πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἴσως ὕστερον ἁρμόσει τὰ πλείω διελθεῖν· ἃ δʼ ἑκάστου τούτων ἐγκώμιʼ εἰπεῖν ἔχω, ταῦτα δηλῶσαι πειράσομαι μετʼ ἀληθείας.
10. I shall begin by praising that quality of yours which all who see you will recognize first, your beauty, and the hue of your flesh, by virtue of which your limbs and your whole body are rendered resplendent. Wondering what fitting comparison for this I may offer, I find none, but it is my privilege to request those who read this essay to see you and contemplate you, so that I may be pardoned for declaring that I have no suitable simile.
10. ἄρξομαι δὲ πρῶτον ἐπαινεῖν, ὅπερ πρῶτον ἰδοῦσιν ἅπασιν ἔστιν γνῶναί σου, τὸ κάλλος, καὶ τούτου τὸ χρῶμα, διʼ οὗ καὶ τὰ μέλη καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα φαίνεται. ᾧ τίνʼ ἁρμόττουσαν εἰκόνʼ ἐνέγκω σκοπῶν οὐχ ὁρῶ, ἀλλὰ παρίσταταί μοι δεῖσθαι τῶν ἀναγνόντων τόνδε τὸν λόγον σὲ θεωρῆσαι καὶ ἰδεῖν, ἵνα συγγνώμης τύχω μηδὲν ὅμοιον ἔχων εἰπεῖν.
11. For to what could anyone liken something mortal which arouses immortal longing in the beholder, the sight of which does not satiate, and when removed from sight lingers in the memory, which in human form possesses a natural beauty worthy of the gods, like a flower in its comeliness, beyond suspicion of imperfections? Furthermore, it is impossible to impute to your person even those blemishes which in the past have marred many another who has shared in beauty.
11. τῷ γὰρ ⟨ἂν⟩ εἰκάσειέ τις, ὃ θνητὸν ὂν ἀθάνατον τοῖς ἰδοῦσιν ἐνεργάζεται πόθον, καὶ ὁρώμενον οὐκ ἀποπληροῖ, καὶ μεταστὰν μνημονεύεται, καὶ τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἀξίαν ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ἔχει, πρὸς μὲν τὴν εὐπρέπειαν ἀνθηρόν, πρὸς δὲ τὰς αἰτίας ἀνυπονόητον; ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ ταῦτʼ ἔστιν αἰτιάσασθαι [πρὸς] τὴν σὴν ὄψιν, ἃ πολλοῖς ἄλλοις ἤδη συνέπεσεν τῶν κάλλους μετασχόντων.
12. For either through ungainliness of mien they have ruined all their natural comeliness or through some unfortunate mannerism have involved their natural attractions in the same disfavor. By none of these could we find your person afflicted, for whichever of the gods it was that took forethought for your person has so diligently guarded you against all such mishaps as to leave nothing calling for criticism and to render your general appearance superb.
12. ἢ γὰρ διʼ ἀρρυθμίαν τοῦ σχήματος ἅπασαν συνετάραξαν τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν εὐπρέπειαν, ἢ διʼ ἀτύχημά τι καὶ τὰ καλῶς πεφυκότα συνδιέβαλον αὐτῷ. ὧν οὐδενὶ τὴν σὴν ὄψιν εὕροιμεν ἂν ἔνοχον γεγενημένην· οὕτω γὰρ σφόδρʼ ἐφυλάξατο πάσας τὰς τοιαύτας κῆρας ὅστις ποτʼ ἦν θεῶν ὁ τῆς σῆς ὄψεως προνοηθείς, ὥστε μηδὲν μέμψεως ἄξιον, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα περίβλεπτά σου καταστῆσαι.
13. Moreover, since the face is the most conspicuous of the parts that are seen, and of the face itself the eyes, even more in these did the god reveal the goodwill that he had toward you. For he not only furnished you with eyes adequate to perform the necessary functions but, although the virtue of some men is not recognized even from their actions, of your character he has placed in a clear light the fine qualities through the evidence of your glance, displaying it as gentle and kind toward those who look at you, dignified and serious toward those who converse with you, manly and proper to all men.
13. καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων ἐπιφανεστάτου μὲν ὄντος τοῦ προσώπου, τούτου δʼ αὐτοῦ τῶν ὀμμάτων, ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐν τούτοις ἐπεδείξατο τὴν εὔνοιαν ἣν εἶχεν εἰς σὲ τὸ δαιμόνιον. οὐ γὰρ μόνον πρὸς τὸ τὰ κατεπείγονθʼ ὁρᾶν αὐτάρκη παρέσχηται, ἀλλʼ ἐνίων οὐδʼ ἐκ τῶν πραττομένων γιγνωσκομένης τῆς ἀρετῆς, σοῦ διὰ τῶν τῆς ὄψεως σημείων τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν ἠθῶν ἐνεφάνισεν, πρᾶον μὲν καὶ φιλάνθρωπον τοῖς ὁρῶσιν, μεγαλοπρεπῆ δὲ καὶ σεμνὸν τοῖς ὁμιλοῦσιν, ἀνδρεῖον δὲ καὶ σώφρονα πᾶσιν ἐπιδείξας.
14. And here is a matter that may be particularly surprising. For while other men are assumed to be mean-spirited because they are gentle and to be arrogant because they are dignified, and are thought overbearing because they are manly, and stupid because they keep quiet, Fortune in your case has taken qualities so mutually contradictory and caused them all to be properly harmonized, as if fulfilling a prayer or wishing to set an example for others, but not framing a mere mortal nature, as was her usual way.
14. ὃ καὶ μάλιστʼ ἄν τις θαυμάσειεν· τῶν γὰρ ἄλλων ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς πραότητος ταπεινῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς σεμνότητος αὐθαδῶν ὑπολαμβανομένων, καὶ διὰ μὲν τὴν ἀνδρείαν θρασυτέρων, διὰ δὲ τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἀβελτέρων εἶναι δοκούντων, τοσαύτας ὑπεναντιώσεις πρὸς ἄλληλα λαβοῦσʼ ἡ τύχη πρὸς τὸ δέον ἅπανθʼ ὁμολογούμενʼ ἀπέδωκεν, ὥσπερ εὐχὴν ἐπιτελοῦσʼ ἢ παράδειγμα τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑποδεῖξαι βουληθεῖσα, ἀλλʼ οὐ θνητήν, ὡς εἴθιστο, φύσιν συνιστᾶσα.
15. Now if it were possible to do justice to such beauty as yours in words, or if this were the only quality of yours worthy of praise, we should think it necessary to omit praise of none of your good points; but as things are, I am afraid that we may find our bearers refusing to hear praise of your other merits and that we may defeat ourselves by harping on this theme.
15. εἰ μὲν οὖν οἷόν τʼ ἦν ἐφικέσθαι τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κάλλους τοῦ σοῦ, ἢ τοῦτʼ ἦν μόνον τῶν σῶν ἀξιέπαινον, οὐδὲν ἂν παραλιπεῖν ᾠόμεθα δεῖν ἐπαινοῦντες τῶν προσόντων· νῦν δὲ δέδοικα μὴ πρός ⟨τε⟩ τὰ λοίπʼ ἀπειρηκόσι χρησώμεθα τοῖς ἀκροαταῖς, καὶ περὶ τούτου μάτην τερθρευώμεθα.
16. For how could anyone overdo the verbal description of your appearance, since not even works of art executed by the skill of the best masters could do more than justice to it? Nor is this astonishing; for works of art have a motionless aspect, so that it is uncertain what they would look like if they possessed life, but your personality enhances in your every action the superb comeliness of your body. Only this much, therefore, I have to say in praise of your beauty, omitting a great deal.
16. πῶς γὰρ ἄν τις ὑπερβάλοι τῷ λόγῳ τὴν σὴν ὄψιν, ἧς μηδʼ ἃ τέχνῃ πεποίηται τῶν ἔργων τοῖς ἀρίστοις δημιουργοῖς δύναται ὑπερτεῖναι; καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐδέν· τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀκίνητον ἔχει τὴν θεωρίαν, ὥστʼ ἄδηλʼ εἶναι τί ποτʼ ἂν ψυχῆς μετασχόντα φανείη, σοῦ δὲ τὸ τῆς γνώμης ἦθος ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ποιεῖς μεγάλην εὐπρέπειαν ἐπαυξάνει τῷ σώματι. περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ κάλλους πολλὰ παραλιπών, τοσαῦτʼ ἐπαινέσαι ἔχω.
17. As for discreetness of conduct, it is my privilege to pass the finest of compliments, namely, that though such youthfulness readily invites scandal, it has been your lot to be praised instead. For so far from overstepping the mark, you have chosen to live more prudently than is expected of your years. Of this the most convincing evidence is your deportment toward others; for although many make your acquaintance, and reveal characters of every kind and sort, and all seek to entice you into intimacies, you have so managed such people that all are content to feel friendship for you.
17. περὶ δὲ τῆς σωφροσύνης κάλλιστον μὲν τοῦτʼ ἔχοιμʼ ἂν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τῆς ἡλικίας τῆς τοιαύτης εὐδιαβόλως ἐχούσης, σοὶ μᾶλλον ἐπαινεῖσθαι συμβέβηκεν. οὐ γὰρ μόνον οὐδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ φρονιμώτερον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ὥραν ζῆν προῄρησαι. καὶ τούτου μέγιστον τεκμήριον ἡ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὁμιλία· πολλῶν γὰρ ἐντυγχανόντων σοι καὶ παντοδαπὰς φύσεις ἐχόντων, ἔτι δὲ προσαγομένων ἁπάντων ἐπὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν συνηθείας, οὕτω καλῶς προέστης τῶν τοιούτων ὥστε πάντας τὴν πρὸς σὲ φιλίαν ἠγαπηκότας ἔχειν.
18. This is an index of those whose choice it is to live in the esteem and affection of men. And yet some men in the past have been well thought of who have advised against welcoming the company of all comers, as is also true of some who have taken their advice. For they claim that it is necessary either to humor low-minded people and so be maligned among the multitude, or else to be constantly on guard against such reproaches and so incur the dislike of such acquaintances themselves.
18. ὃ σημεῖον τῶν ἐνδόξως καὶ φιλανθρώπως ζῆν προαιρουμένων ἐστίν. καίτοι τινὲς ηὐδοκίμησαν ἤδη τῶν τε συμβουλευσάντων ὡς οὐ χρὴ τὰς τῶν τυχόντων ὁμιλίας προσδέχεσθαι, καὶ τῶν πεισθέντων τούτοις· ἢ γὰρ πρὸς χάριν ὁμιλοῦντα τοῖς φαύλοις ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι διαβάλλεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς, ἢ διευλαβούμενον τὰς τοιαύτας ἐπιπλήξεις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων δυσχεραίνεσθαι συμπίπτειν.
19. Personally I think you deserve to be eulogized all the more for this reason, that, while the other lads think it one of the impossible things to please men of every type, you have so surpassed these as to have risen superior to all the difficult and troublesome people, allowing the others no reason even for suspecting immoral relations with any and overcoming your annoyance with them by the adaptability of your manners.
19. ἐγὼ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ μᾶλλον οἶμαί σε δεῖν ἐγκωμιάζειν, ὅτι τῶν ἄλλων ἕν τι τῶν ἀδυνάτων οἰομένων εἶναι τὸ τοῖς ἁπάντων τρόποις ἀρέσκειν, σὺ τοσοῦτο τούτων διήνεγκας ὥστε τῶν χαλεπῶν καὶ δυσκόλων ἁπάντων περιγεγενῆσθαι, τοῦ μὲν συνεξαμαρτάνειν τισὶν οὐδʼ ὑποψίαν ἐνδοὺς τοῖς ἄλλοις, τῆς δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς δυσχερείας τῇ τῶν τρόπων εὐαρμοστίᾳ κρατήσας.
20. Now touching your admirers, if it is right to speak also of these, you seem to me to deport yourself so admirably and sensibly toward them, that, though most of them cannot be patient even with the object of their preference, you succeed in pleasing them all exceedingly. And this is a most unmistakable proof of your goodness; for not one finds himself disappointed of favors from you which it is just and fair to ask, but no one is permitted even to hope for such liberties as lead to shame. So great is the latitude your discreetness permits to those who have the best intentions; so great is the discouragement it presents to those who would fling off restraint.
20. πρὸς τοίνυν τοὺς ἐραστάς, εἰ χρὴ καὶ περὶ τούτων εἰπεῖν, οὕτω καλῶς μοι δοκεῖς καὶ σωφρόνως ὁμιλεῖν, ὥστε τῶν πλείστων οὐδʼ ὃν ἂν προέλωνται μετρίως ἐνεγκεῖν δυναμένων, σοὶ πᾶσιν καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἀρέσκειν συμβέβηκεν. ὃ τῆς σῆς ἀρετῆς σημεῖον ἐναργέστατόν ἐστιν. ὧν μὲν γὰρ δίκαιον καὶ καλόν, οὐδεὶς ἄμοιρος αὐτῶν παρὰ σοῦ καθέστηκεν· ἃ δʼ εἰς αἰσχύνην ἥκει, τούτων οὐδʼ εἰς ἐλπίδʼ οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται· τοσαύτην τοῖς μὲν τῶν βελτίστων ὀρεγομένοις ἐξουσίαν, τοῖς δʼ ἀποθρασύνεσθαι βουλομένοις ἀτολμίαν ἡ σὴ σωφροσύνη παρεσκεύακεν.
21. Furthermore, while the majority of men, when young, seek a reputation for prudence by keeping silent, you are so superior to them in natural gifts that you gain men’s good opinion of you not less by your speech and demeanor in casual company than by all your other merits; so great is the grace and charm of your words whether in jest or in earnest. For you are ingenuous without doing wrong, clever without being malicious, kindly without sacrifice of independence, and, taking all in all, like a child of Virtue sired by Love.
21. ἔτι τοίνυν τῶν πλείστων ἐκ τῆς σιωπῆς, ὅταν ὦσι νέοι, τὴν τῆς σωφροσύνης δόξαν θηρωμένων, σὺ τοσοῦτον τῇ φύσει διενήνοχας, ὥστʼ ἐξ ὧν λέγεις καὶ ὁμιλεῖς τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι μηδὲν ἐλάττω τὴν περὶ σεαυτὸν εὐδοξίαν ἢ διὰ πάντα τὰ λοιπὰ πεποιῆσθαι· τοσαύτη πειθὼ καὶ χάρις καὶ ἐν οἷς σπουδάζεις ἐστί σοι καὶ ἐν οἷς παίζεις. καὶ γὰρ εὐήθης ἀναμαρτήτως καὶ δεινὸς οὐ κακοήθως καὶ φιλάνθρωπος ἐλευθερίως, καὶ τὸ σύνολον τοιοῦτος εἶ, οἷος ἂν ἐξ Ἀρετῆς υἱὸς Ἔρωτι γένοιτο.
22. Turning now to courage—for it will not do to omit this either, not because I would intimate that your character does not still admit of great development nor that the future will fail to furnish richer material for eulogy to those who wish to praise you, but rather that words of praise mean most at your age when to do no wrong is the best hope for other lads—your courage a man might extol on many other grounds but especially because of your training for athletic sports, of which you have a multitude of witnesses.
22. τὴν τοίνυν ἀνδρείαν (οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτʼ ἄξιόν ἐστιν παραλιπεῖν, οὐχ ὡς οὐ πολλὴν ἐπίδοσιν ἐχούσης ἔτι τῆς σῆς φύσεως, καὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος χρόνου πλείους ἀφορμὰς παραδώσοντος λόγων τοῖς ἐπαινεῖν σε βουλομένοις, ἀλλʼ ὡς καλλίστων ὄντων τῶν μετὰ ταύτης τῆς ἡλικίας ἐπαίνων, ἐν ᾗ τὸ μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν τοῖς ἄλλοις εὐκτόν ἐστι), σοῦ δʼ ἐπὶ πολλῶν μὲν ἄν τις καὶ ἑτέρων τὴν ἀνδρείαν διέλθοι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσκήσεως, ἧς καὶ πλεῖστοι γεγένηνται μάρτυρες.
23. And perhaps it is in place first to say that you have done well in choosing this kind of contest. For to judge rightly when one is young what line of action one should pursue is the token of an honest soul and of sound judgement alike, and on neither ground would it be right to omit praise of your choice. You, therefore, being well aware that slaves and aliens share in the other sports but that dismounting is open only to citizens and that the best men aspire it, have eagerly applied yourself to this sport.
23. ἀνάγκη δʼ ἴσως πρῶτον εἰπεῖν, ταύτην τὴν ἀγωνίαν ὡς καλῶς προείλου. τὸ γὰρ ὀρθῶς, ὅ τι πρακτέον ἐστίν, νέον ὄντα δοκιμάσαι, καὶ ψυχῆς ἀγαθῆς καὶ γνώμης φρονίμου κοινόν ἐστιν σημεῖον· διʼ ὧν οὐδέτερον παραλιπεῖν ἄξιον τὸν τῆς προαιρέσεως ἔπαινον. συνειδὼς τοίνυν τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἀθλημάτων καὶ δούλους καὶ ξένους μετέχοντας, τοῦ δʼ ἀποβαίνειν μόνοις μὲν τοῖς πολίταις ἐξουσίαν οὖσαν, ἐφιεμένους δὲ τοὺς βελτίστους, οὕτως ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν ἀγῶνʼ ὥρμησας.
24. Discerning, moreover, that those who train for the footraces add nothing to their courage nor to their morale either, and that those who practice boxing and the like ruin their minds as well as their bodies, you have singled out the noblest and grandest of competitive exercises and the one most in harmony with your natural gifts, one which approximates to the realities of warfare through the habituation to martial weapons and the laborious effort of running, in the magnificence and majesty of the equipment simulates the might of the gods, presents the number and the greatest variety of features and has been deemed worthy of the most valuable prizes.
24. ἔτι δὲ κρίνων τοὺς μὲν τὰ δρομικὰ γυμναζομένους οὐδὲν πρὸς ἀνδρείαν οὐδʼ εὐψυχίαν ἐπιδιδόναι, τοὺς δὲ τὴν πυγμὴν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτʼ ἀσκήσαντας πρὸς τῷ σώματι καὶ τὴν γνώμην διαφθείρεσθαι, τὸ σεμνότατον καὶ κάλλιστον τῶν ἀγωνισμάτων καὶ μάλιστα πρὸς τὴν σεαυτοῦ φύσιν ἁρμόττον ἐξελέξω, τῇ μὲν συνηθείᾳ τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τῇ τῶν δρόμων φιλοπονίᾳ τοῖς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ συμβαίνουσιν ὡμοιωμένον, τῇ δὲ μεγαλοπρεπείᾳ καὶ τῇ σεμνότητι τῆς παρασκευῆς πρὸς τὴν τῶν θεῶν δύναμιν εἰκασμένον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἡδίστην μὲν θέαν ἔχον, ἐκ πλείστων δὲ καὶ παντο- δαπῶν συγκείμενον, μεγίστων δʼ ἄθλων ἠξιωμένον·
25. For, apart from those offered, getting the drill and practice in such exercises itself will possess glamor as no paltry prize in the eyes of those who are even moderately ambitious for excellence. The best evidence for this may be found in the poetry of Homer, in which he represents the Greeks and barbarians warring against one another with this equipment. I may add that even now it is customary to employ it in contests in Greek cities, and not in the meanest cities but in the greatest.
25. πρὸς γὰρ τοῖς τιθεμένοις τὸ γυμνασθῆναι καὶ μελετῆσαι τοιαῦτʼ οὐ μικρὸν ἆθλον προφανήσεται τοῖς καὶ μετρίως ἀρετῆς ἐφιεμένοις. τεκμήριον δὲ μέγιστον ἄν τις ποιήσαιτο τὴν Ὁμήρου ποίησιν, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους μετὰ τοιαύτης παρασκευῆς πολεμήσαντας πεποίηκεν ἀλλήλοις· ἔτι δὲ καὶ νῦν τῶν πόλεων τῶν Ἑλληνίδων οὐ ταῖς ταπεινοτάταις, ἀλλὰ ταῖς μεγίσταις ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι χρῆσθαι σύνηθές ἐστιν.
26. So admirable is your choice of sport and so approved among all men. Believing also, as you do, that it is futile to desire the things most worth while, or yet to be physically endowed for all sorts of feats, unless the soul has been prepared for an ambitious career, at the very outset you exhibited diligence in the training grounds, nor in the real tests were you disappointing, but you gave extraordinary proof of the distinction of your natural gifts and particularly of the courage of your soul in the games.
26. ἡ μὲν οὖν προαίρεσις οὕτω καλὴ καὶ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἠγαπημένη· νομίζων δʼ οὐδὲν εἶναι προὔργου τῶν σπουδαιοτάτων ἐπιθυμεῖν οὐδὲ καλῶς πρὸς ἅπαντα πεφυκέναι τὸ σῶμα μὴ τῆς ψυχῆς φιλοτίμως παρεσκευασμένης, τὴν μὲν φιλοπονίαν ἐν τοῖς γυμνασίοις εὐθέως ἐπιδειξάμενος οὐδʼ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἐψεύσω, τὴν δʼ ἄλλην ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς σαυτοῦ φύσεως καὶ τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀνδρείαν ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι μάλιστʼ ἐνεδείξω.
27. I hesitate to begin treating this topic for fear words may fail me in the description of what took place on that occasion, but nevertheless I shall not pass it over; for it is a shame to refuse a report of what enthralls us as spectators. Were I to describe all the contests an unseemly length would perhaps accrue to this essay, but by recalling a single example in which you especially distinguished yourself I shall demonstrate the same truth and be found to make a more reasonable use of the patience of my hearers.
27. περὶ ὧν ὀκνῶ μὲν ἄρξασθαι λέγειν, μὴ λειφθῶ τῷ λόγῳ τῶν τότε γεγενημένων, ὅμως δʼ οὐ παραλείψω· καὶ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν ἃ θεωροῦντας ἡμᾶς εὐφραίνει, ταῦτʼ ἀπαγγεῖλαι μὴ ʼθέλειν. ἅπαντας μὲν οὖν εἰ διεξιοίην τοὺς ἀγῶνας, ἴσως ἂν ἄκαιρον μῆκος ἡμῖν ἐπιγένοιτο τῷ λόγῳ· ἑνὸς δέ, ἐν ᾧ πολὺ διήνεγκας, μνησθεὶς ταὐτά τε δηλώσω καὶ τῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων δυνάμει συμμετρώτερον φανήσομαι χρώμενος.
28. When the teams had been started and some had leaped to the fore and some were being reined in, you, prevailing over both, first one and then the other, in proper style, seized the victory, winning that envied crown in such fashion that, glorious as it was to win it, it seemed the more glorious and astounding that you came off safely. For when the chariot of your opponents was bearing down upon you head-on and all thought the momentum of your horses beyond checking, you, aware that some drivers, though no danger should threaten, become overanxious for their own safety, not only did not lose your head or your nerve, but by your courage got control of the impetus of your team and by your speed passed even those contenders whose luck had suffered no setback.
28. τῶν γὰρ ζευγῶν ἀφεθέντων, καὶ τῶν μὲν προορμησάντων, τῶν δʼ ὑφηνιοχουμένων, ἀμφοτέρων περιγενόμενος ὡς ἑκατέρων προσῆκε, τὴν νίκην ἔλαβες, τοιούτου στεφάνου τυχὼν ἐφʼ ᾧ, καίπερ καλοῦ τοῦ νικᾶν ὄντος, κάλλιον ἐδόκει καὶ παραλογώτερον εἶναι τὸ σωθῆναι. φερομένου γὰρ ἐναντίου μέν σοι τοῦ τῶν ἀντι- πάλων ἅρματος, ἁπάντων δʼ ἀνυπόστατον οἰομένων εἶναι τὴν τῶν ἵππων δύναμιν, ὁρῶν αὐτῶν ἐνίους καὶ μηδενὸς δεινοῦ παρόντος ὑπερηγωνιακότας, οὐχ ὅπως ἐξεπλάγης ἢ κατεδειλίασας, ἀλλὰ τῇ μὲν ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ τῆς τοῦ ζεύγους ὁρμῆς κρείττων ἐγένου, τῷ δὲ τάχει καὶ τοὺς διηυτυχηκότας τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν παρῆλθες.
29. What is more, you caused such a revolution in men’s minds that, though many keep insisting that nothing in equestrian contests affords such delight as a crash, and seem to speak the truth, in your case all the spectators, on the contrary, were afraid that some such accident might befall you. Such goodwill and eagerness for your success did your personality awaken in them.
29. καὶ γάρ τοι τοσοῦτον μετήλλαξας τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὰς διανοίας ὥστε πολλῶν θρυλούντων ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἱππικοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἡδίστην θέαν παρέχεται τὰ ναυαγοῦντα, καὶ δοκούντων ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λέγειν, ἐπὶ σοῦ τοὐναντίον τοὺς θεατὰς φοβεῖσθαι πάντας μή τι συμπέσῃ τοιοῦτον περὶ σέ· τοσαύτην εὔνοιαν καὶ φιλοτιμίαν ἡ σὴ φύσις αὐτοῖς παρέσχεν.
30. They had good reason to feel so, for while it is a splendid thing to become distinguished for some one excellence, it is still more splendid to combine all the qualities of which a man of sense might justly feel proud. From the following examples this will be clear: we shall find that Aeacus and Rhadamanthys were beloved by the gods for their discretion, Heracles, Castor and Pollux for their courage, and Ganymedes, Adonis, and others like them for their beauty, so that I at any rate am not astonished at those who covet your friendship but at those who are not so disposed. For when some, through sharing in one or another of the qualities I have mentioned, have been deemed worthy of the company of the gods, surely to a mere mortal it is the heights of desire to become the friend of one who has become the proud possessor of all good qualities.
30. εἰκότως· καλὸν μὲν γὰρ καὶ τὸ καθʼ ἕν τι περίβλεπτον γενέσθαι, πολὺ δὲ κάλλιον τὸ πάντα περιλαβεῖν ἐφʼ οἷς ἄν τις νοῦν ἔχων φιλοτιμηθείη. δῆλον δʼ ἐκεῖθεν· εὑρήσομεν γὰρ Αἰακὸν μὲν καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν διὰ σωφροσύνην, Ἡρακλέα δὲ καὶ Κάστορα καὶ Πολυδεύκην διʼ ἀνδρείαν, Γανυμήδην δὲ καὶ Ἄδωνιν καὶ ἄλλους τοιούτους διὰ κάλλος ὑπὸ θεῶν ἀγαπηθέντας. ὥστʼ ἔγωγʼ οὐ θαυμάζω τῶν ἐπιθυμούντων τῆς σῆς φιλίας, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὴ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διακειμένων· ὅπου γὰρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου τῶν προειρημένων μετασχόντες τινὲς τῆς τῶν θεῶν ὁμιλίας ἠξιώθησαν, ἦ που τοῦ γʼ ἁπάντων κυρίου καταστάντος εὐκτὸν θνητῷ φύντι φίλον γενέσθαι.
31. Certainly your father and mother and the rest of your kinsmen are rightly envied because you so far surpass those of your own age in excellence, but still more enviable are those whom you, who have been deemed worthy of such blessings, select from the whole number to be your friends, judging them worthy of your companionship. And since Fortune has appointed the former to share your affection, but the latter their own fine qualities have recommended in addition, I do not know whether to call these young men admirers or unique for their sound judgement.
31. δίκαιον μὲν οὖν καὶ πατέρα καὶ μητέρα καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους οἰκείους τοὺς σοὺς ζηλοῦσθαι, τοσοῦτον ὑπερέχοντος σοῦ τῶν ἡλικιωτῶν ἀρετῇ, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον οὓς σὺ ὁ τῶν τηλικούτων ἀγαθῶν ἠξιωμένος σαυτοῦ προκρίνας ἀξίους εἶναι φίλους ἐξ ἁπάντων αἱρεῖ. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἡ τύχη σοι μετόχους κατέστησεν, τοὺς δʼ ἡ σφετέρα καλοκἀγαθία προσσυνέστησεν·
32. For, as I think, Fortune, scorning base men and wishing to arouse the minds of the good, at the very outset made your nature beautiful, not for a life of pleasure, to be beguiled thereto, but serviceable for a virtuous life, to have happiness therein.
32. οὓς οὐκ οἶδα πότερον ἐραστὰς ἢ μόνους ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκοντας προσαγορεῦσαι χρή. δοκεῖ γάρ μοι καὶ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἡ τύχη, τῶν μὲν φαύλων καταφρονοῦσα, τὰς δὲ τῶν σπουδαίων ἀνδρῶν διανοίας ἐρεθίσαι βουληθεῖσα, τὴν σὴν φύσιν οὐ πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἐξαπατηθῆναι καλὴν ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἀρετὴν εὐδαιμονῆσαι χρήσιμον.
33. Although I have still much to say in praise of you, I think I shall cease my eulogy at this point, fearing that I may seem to plead your cause in terms exceeding human limitations. For so far, as it seems, does the power of words fall short of that of vision that, while none would think of mistrusting the evidence of his eyes, people think the praise of things men say they have seen, even if it falls short of the truth, to be incredible.
33. πολλὰ δʼ ἔχων ἔτι περὶ σοῦ διελθεῖν, αὐτοῦ καταλύσειν μοι δοκῶ τὸν ἔπαινον, δεδιὼς μὴ καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως ὑπὲρ σοῦ διαλέγεσθαι δόξω· τοσοῦτον γὰρ ὡς ἔοικεν ἡ τῶν λόγων δύναμις ἔλαττον ἔχει τῆς ὄψεως, ὥστε τοῖς μὲν ὁρατοῖς οὐδεὶς ἀπιστεῖν ἀξιοῖ, τοὺς δὲ τούτων ἐπαίνους οὐδʼ ἂν ἐλλείπωσιν ἀληθεῖς εἶναι νομίζουσιν.
34. Accordingly, I shall leave this topic and now endeavor to counsel you on the means of rendering your life still more worthy of esteem. To the words I am about to utter I would not have you give heed as to a matter of trivial importance, nor to leap to the conclusion that I have, after all, addressed you thus, not for your good, but from a desire to display my skill; otherwise you may miss the truth and, by choosing haphazard counsel in place of the best, fall short of the best in judging your own interests.
34. παυσάμενος οὖν περὶ τούτων, ἤδη πειράσομαί σοι συμβουλεύειν ἐξ ὧν ἐντιμότερον ἔτι τὸν σαυτοῦ βίον καταστήσεις. βουλοίμην δʼ ἄν σε μὴ πάρεργον ποιήσασθαι τὸ προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν τοῖς μέλλουσιν ῥηθήσεσθαι, μηδʼ ὑπολαμβάνειν τοῦθʼ, ὡς ἄρʼ ἐγὼ τούτοις κέχρημαι τοῖς λόγοις οὐ τῆς σῆς ὠφελίας ἕνεκα, ἀλλʼ ἐπιδείξεως ἐπιθυμῶν, ἵνα μήτε διαμάρτῃς τῆς ἀληθείας, μήτʼ ἀντὶ τῶν βελτίστων τὰ τυχόνθʼ ἑλόμενος χεῖρον περὶ σαυτοῦ βουλεύσῃ.
35. For we do not reproach men of humble and insignificant natural gifts even when they commit a dishonorable act, but to those who, like yourself, have attained distinction, even a bit of negligence in some matter of high honor brings disgrace. Again, those who go astray in other domains fail merely t make the best decision in some single, isolated matter, but those who miss the right advice on the conduct of life, or scorn it, have reminders of their own folly to live with their whole life long.
35. καὶ γὰρ τοῖς μὲν ἀφανῆ καὶ ταπεινὴν τὴν φύσιν ἔχουσιν οὐδʼ ὅταν μὴ καλῶς τι πράξωσιν ἐπιπλήττομεν, τοῖς δʼ ὥσπερ σὺ περιβλέπτοις γεγενημένοις καὶ τὸ παραμελῆσαί τινος τῶν καλλίστων αἰσχύνην φέρει. ἔτι δʼ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων λόγων ψευσθέντες καθʼ ἑνὸς μόνου πράγματος οὐ τὰ κράτιστʼ ἔγνωσαν· οἱ δὲ τῆς τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων συμβουλίας διαμαρτόντες ἢ καταφρονήσαντες παρʼ ὅλον τὸν βίον τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀγνωσίας ὑπομνήματʼ ἔχουσιν.
36. Now you must not fall into any of these errors but rather seek to discover what is of supreme consequence in human affairs, and what it is that turning out well would do us the most good, but turning out badly would hurt us most along life’s pathway. For it requires no proof that upon this factor we must expend the greatest care, which more than anything else possesses the power to tip the scale to one side or the other.
36. τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν δεῖ σε παθεῖν, σκοπεῖσθαι δὲ τί τῶν ἀνθρωπείων μεγίστην δύναμιν ἔχει, καὶ τίνος καλῶς μὲν ἀποβάντος πλεῖστʼ ἂν κατορθοῖμεν, διαφθαρέντος δὲ μέγιστʼ ἂν βλαπτοίμεθα παρὰ τὸν βίον· οὐ γὰρ ἄδηλον ὅτι τούτου καὶ μάλιστʼ ἐπιμέλειαν ποιητέον, ὃ μεγίστην ῥοπὴν ἐφʼ ἑκάτερον ἐργάζεσθαι πέφυκεν.
37. Now of the powers residing in human beings we shall find that intelligence leads all the rest and that philosophy alone is capable of educating this rightly and training it. In this study I think you ought to participate, and not balk at or flee from the labors involved in it, reflecting that through idleness and indolence even quite superficial things become difficult, while through persistence and diligence none of the worthwhile things is unattainable, and that of all things the most irrational is to be ambitious for wealth, bodily strength, and such things, and for their sakes to submit to many hardships, all of which prizes are perishable and usually slaves to intelligence, but not to aim at the improvement of the mind, which has supervision over all other powers, abides continually with those who possess it, and guides the whole life.
37. τῶν μὲν τοίνυν ἐν ἀνθρώποις διάνοιαν ἁπάντων εὑρήσομεν ἡγεμονεύουσαν, ταύτην δὲ φιλοσοφίαν μόνην παιδεῦσαί τʼ ὀρθῶς καὶ γυμνάσαι δυναμένην. ἧς οἴομαι σε δεῖν μετασχεῖν, καὶ μὴ κατοκνῆσαι μηδὲ φυγεῖν τὰς ἐνούσας ἐν αὐτῇ πραγματείας, ἐνθυμούμενον ὅτι διὰ μὲν ἀργίας καὶ ῥᾳθυμίας καὶ τὰ παντελῶς ἐπιπολῆς δυσχείρωτʼ ἐστί, διὰ δὲ καρτερίας καὶ φιλοπονίας οὐδὲν τῶν ὄντων ἀγαθῶν ἀνάλωτον πέφυκεν, καὶ διότι πάντων ἀλογώτατόν ἐστι πρὸς μὲν χρηματισμὸν καὶ ῥώμην καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα φιλοτίμως ἔχειν καὶ πολλὰς ὑπομένειν κακοπαθίας, ἃ πάντα θνήτʼ ἐστὶν καὶ τῇ διανοίᾳ δουλεύειν εἴωθεν, τὴν δʼ ἐπιστατοῦσαν μὲν τῶν ἄλλων, συνδιατελοῦσαν δὲ τοῖς ἔχουσιν, ὅλου δʼ ἡγεμονεύουσαν τοῦ βίου μὴ ζητεῖν ὅπως διακείσεται βέλτιον.
39. And yet, although it is a fine thing to be admired among high-minded people even on account of fortuitous success, it is much finer through care bestowed upon one’s self to gain a share in all the accomplishments that are esteemed; for often it has fallen to the lot of vulgar men to share in the former but none have a part in the latter except those who excel in real manliness.
39. καίτοι καλὸν μὲν καὶ διὰ τύχην ἐν τοῖς σπουδαιοτάτοις θαυμάζεσθαι, πολὺ δὲ κάλλιον διὰ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν τὴν αὑτοῦ μηδενὸς τῶν ἐνδόξων ἄμοιρον γενέσθαι· τῆς μὲν γὰρ ἐνίοτε καὶ τοῖς φαύλοις μετασχεῖν συνέβη, τῆς δʼ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλοις μετουσία πλὴν τοῖς ἐν ἀνδραγαθίᾳ διαφέρουσιν.
40. However, touching the subject of philosophy, some future occasion will afford me more suitable opportunities to review carefully the particulars, but the outlines of it nothing will prevent me from running over at once. This one point, therefore, you must grasp clearly at the outset, that all education consists in understanding something and then putting it into practice, and this is even more true of philosophy than of any other studies, for the synthesis of learning and practice is likely to be more perfect in proportion as the instructors are more clear on this point.
40. ἀλλὰ μὴν περί γε τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἀκριβῶς μὲν ἕκαστα διελθεῖν ἡγοῦμαι τὸν μέλλοντα χρόνον ἡμῖν ἐπιτηδειοτέρους καιροὺς παραδώσειν· συντόμως δʼ εἰπεῖν οὐδὲ νῦν οὐδὲν κωλύσει περὶ αὐτῆς. ἓν οὖν πρῶτον ἐκεῖνό σε δεῖ καταμαθεῖν ἀκριβῶς, ὅτι πᾶσα μὲν παιδεία διʼ ἐπιστήμης καὶ μελέτης τινὸς συνέστηκεν, ἡ δὲ φιλοσοφία καὶ μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων· ὅσῳ γὰρ φρονιμωτέρους ἔχει τοὺς ἐφεστῶτας, τοσούτῳ κάλλιον αὐτὴν συγκεῖσθαι προσήκει.
41. And yet, since intelligence commands the province of speaking and deliberating, and philosophy confers facility in each of these, what reason can there be why we should refuse to get a firm grasp of this study, through which we shall become masters of both alike? Because life may then too be expected to make a great advance for us when we reach out for the things of supreme importance and find ourselves able to secure by rule and precept such as can be taught and the rest by practice and habituation.
41. καίτοι τί ποτʼ ἂν βουληθείημεν, τῆς μὲν διανοίας ἐπὶ τοῦ λέγειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι τεταγμένης, τῆς δὲ φιλοσοφίας ἑκατέρου τούτων ἐμπειρίαν παραδιδούσης, μὴ ταύτην κατασχεῖν τὴν πραγματείαν, διʼ ἧς ἀμφοτέρων τούτων ἐγκρατῶς ἕξομεν; τότε γὰρ εἰκὸς καὶ τὸν βίον ἡμῶν μεγίστην ἐπίδοσιν λαβεῖν, ὅταν τῶν κρατίστων ὀρεγόμενοι τὰ μὲν διδακτὰ τέχνῃ, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ γυμνασίᾳ καὶ συνηθείᾳ κατασχεῖν δυνηθῶμεν.
42. It certainly is not permissible to make the assertion that it is not through acquired knowledge that we surpass one another in sound judgement; for, speaking generally, all natural ability is improved by the addition of the appropriate education, and this is especially true of talents which at the outset are inherently superior to the rest, because the one kind is capable only of improving upon itself while the other may also surpass the rest.
42. οὐ γὰρ δήπου τοῦτό γʼ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὡς οὐδὲν πρὸς τὸ φρονεῖν εὖ παρὰ τὴν ἐπιστήμην διαφέρομεν ἀλλήλων· ὅλως μὲν γὰρ ἅπασα φύσις βελτίων γίγνεται παιδείαν προσλαβοῦσα τὴν προσήκουσαν, πολὺ δὲ μάλισθʼ ὅσαις ἐξ ἀρχῆς εὐφυέστερον τῶν ἄλλων ἔχειν ὑπῆρξεν· ταῖς μὲν γὰρ αὑτῶν μόνον βελτίοσιν γίγνεσθαι, ταῖς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμβαίνει διενεγκεῖν.
43. Be well assured also that the facility acquired solely from practical experience is treacherous and useless for subsequent needs of life, but the education secured through the pursuit of philosophy is happily blended in all these needs. There is no denying, of course, that in the past some men who got practical training just by good luck in action have won admiration, but for you the proper thing is to disregard these men and to take yourself seriously in hand. For in matters of the utmost importance you should not be extemporizing instead of really knowing what to do or in emergencies be studying your arguments instead of really knowing how to debate an issue on its merits.
43. εὖ δʼ ἴσθι τὴν μὲν ἐκ τῶν πράξεων ἐμπειρίαν γιγνομένην σφαλερὰν οὖσαν καὶ πρὸς τὸν λοιπὸν βίον ἀχρήστως ἔχουσαν, τὴν δʼ ἐκ τοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν παιδείαν πρὸς ἅπαντα ταῦτʼ εὐκαίρως συγκεκραμένην. καίτοι τινὲς ἤδη καὶ διʼ εὐτυχίαν πραγμάτων γυμνασθέντες ἐθαυμάσθησαν· σοὶ δὲ προσήκει τούτων μὲν καταφρονεῖν, σαυτοῦ δʼ ἐπιμέλειαν ἔχειν· οὐ γὰρ αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἐπίστασθαί σε δεῖ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τῶν καιρῶν μελετᾶν, ἀλλʼ ἀγωνίζεσθαι καλῶς ἐπίστασθαι.
44. Be convinced too that all philosophical learning confers precious benefits upon those who take advantage of it, but especially is this true of the knowledge that deals with practical affairs and political discussions. No doubt it is disgraceful to be quite ignorant of geometry and other such subjects of study, but to become a topmost contender in this field is too low an ambition for merit like yours. In that kind of philosophy, however, not only is it a worthy ambition to excel, but to remain ignorant is altogether ridiculous.
44. νόμιζε δὲ πᾶσαν μὲν τὴν φιλοσοφίαν μεγάλα τοὺς χρωμένους ὠφελεῖν, πολὺ δὲ μάλιστα τὴν περὶ τὰς πράξεις καὶ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς λόγους ἐπιστήμην. τῆς γὰρ γεωμετρίας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης τῆς τοιαύτης παιδείας ἀπείρως μὲν ἔχειν αἰσχρόν, ἄκρον δʼ ἀγωνιστὴν γενέσθαι ταπεινότερον τῆς σῆς ἀξίας· ἐν ἐκείνῃ δὲ τὸ μὲν διενεγκεῖν ζηλωτόν, τὸ δʼ ἄμοιρον γενέσθαι παντελῶς καταγέλαστον.
45. You may infer this to be true on many other grounds and especially by scanning the careers of those who have become eminent before your time. You will hear first that Pericles, who is thought to have far surpassed all men of his age in intellectual grasp, addressed himself to Anaxagoras of Clazomenae and only after being his pupil acquired this power of judgement. You will next discover that Alcibiades, though his natural disposition was far inferior in respect to virtue and it was his pleasure to behave himself now arrogantly, now obsequiously, now licentiously, yet, as a fruit of his association with Socrates, he made correction of many errors of his life and over the rest drew a veil of oblivion by the greatness of his later achievements.
45. γνοίης δʼ ἂν ἐξ ἄλλων τε πολλῶν, καὶ παραθεωρήσας τοὺς πρὸ σαυτοῦ γεγενημένους ἐνδόξους ἄνδρας. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Περικλέα τὸν συνέσει πλεῖστον τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν διενεγκεῖν δόξαντα πάντων, ἀκούσει πλησιάσαντʼ Ἀναξαγόρᾳ τῷ Κλαζομενίῳ καὶ μαθητὴν ἐκείνου γενόμενον ταύτης τῆς δυνάμεως μετασχόντα· τοῦτο δʼ Ἀλκιβιάδην εὑρήσεις φύσει μὲν πρὸς ἀρετὴν πολλῷ χεῖρον διακείμενον, καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑπερηφάνως, τὰ δὲ ταπεινῶς, τὰ δʼ ὑπερακρατῶς ζῆν προῃρημένον, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Σωκράτους ὁμιλίας πολλὰ μὲν ἐπανορθωθέντα τοῦ βίου, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τῷ μεγέθει τῶν ἄλλων ἔργων ἐπικρυψάμενον.
46. But not to spend our time rehearsing ancient examples while others are available closer to our own times, you will discover that Timotheus was deemed worthy of the highest repute and numerous honors, not because of his activities as a younger man, but because of his performances after he had studied with Isocrates. You will discover also that Archytas of Tarentum became ruler of his city and managed its affairs so admirably and so considerately as to spread the record of that achievement to all mankind; yet at first he was despised and he owed his remarkable progress to studying with Plato.
46. εἰ δὲ δεῖ μὴ παλαιὰ λέγοντας διατρίβειν, ἔχοντας ὑπογυωτέροις παραδείγμασιν χρῆσθαι, τοῦτο μὲν Τιμόθεον οὐκ ἐξ ὧν νεώτερος ὢν ἐπετήδευσεν, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὧν Ἰσοκράτει συνδιατρίψας ἔπραξεν, μεγίστης δόξης καὶ πλείστων τιμῶν εὑρήσεις ἀξιωθέντα· τοῦτο δʼ Ἀρχύταν τὴν Ταραντίνων πόλιν οὕτω καλῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως διοικήσαντα κύριον αὐτῆς καταστάντα, ὥστʼ εἰς ἅπαντας τὴν ἐκείνου μνήμην διενεγκεῖν· ὃς ἐν ἀρχῇ καταφρονούμενος, ἐκ τοῦ Πλάτωνι πλησιάσαι τοσαύτην ἔλαβεν ἐπίδοσιν.
47. Of these examples not one worked out contrary to reason; for it would be much stranger if we were obliged to achieve paltry ends through acquiring knowledge and putting it into practice, but were capable of accomplishing the big things without this effort. Now I do not know what call there is to say more on these topics, for not even at the outset did I introduce them because I assumed you were absolutely ignorant, but because I thought that such exhortations both arouse those who lack knowledge and spur on those who possess it;.
47. καὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ἀλόγως ἀποβέβηκεν· πολὺ γὰρ ⟨ἄν⟩ ἦν ἀτοπώτερον, εἰ τὰ μὲν μικρὰ διʼ ἐπιστήμης καὶ μελέτης ἠναγκαζόμεθʼ ἐπιτελεῖν, τὰ δὲ μέγιστʼ ἄνευ ταύτης τῆς πραγματείας ἠδυνάμεθα πράττειν. περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι δεῖ πλείω λέγειν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὡς παντελῶς ἀπείρως ἔχοντός σου περὶ αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθην, ἀλλʼ ἡγούμενος τὰς τοιαύτας παρακλήσεις τοὺς μὲν ἀγνοοῦντας προτρέπειν, τοὺς δʼ εἰδότας παροξύνειν.
48. And do not make any such assumption as this, that in speaking these words I am presumably offering to teach you any of these branches myself, for I should feel no shame in saying that there is still much I need myself to learn, and that I have chosen rather to be a contender in political life than a teacher of the other arts. Not that in disavowing these subjects of instruction I am impugning the reputation of those who have chosen the profession of sophist, but my reason is that the truth of the matter happens to be as follows:
48. μηδὲν δʼ ὑπολάβῃς τοιοῦτον, ὡς ἄρʼ ἐγὼ ταῦτʼ εἴρηκα διδάξειν αὐτὸς ἐπαγγελλόμενός σέ τι τούτων· οὐ γὰρ ἂν αἰσχυνθείην εἰπὼν ὅτι πολλὰ μαθεῖν αὐτὸς ἔτι δέομαι, καὶ μᾶλλον ἀγωνιστὴς προῄρημαι τῶν πολιτικῶν ἢ διδάσκαλος εἶναι τῶν ἄλλων. οὐχ ὡς ἀναινόμενος δὲ ταῦτα διορθοῦμαι τὴν τῶν σοφιστεύειν ἑλομένων δόξαν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι τἀληθὲς τοῦτον ἔχον τυγχάνει τὸν τρόπον·
49. for I am aware, of course, that many men have risen to eminence from humble and obscure estate through the practice of this art, and that Solon, both living and dead, was deemed worthy of the highest renown. He was not disqualified for the other honors but left behind him a memorial of his courage in the trophy of victory over the Megarians, of his astuteness in the recovery of Salamis, and of general sagacity in the laws which the majority of the Greeks continue using to this day. Yet in spite of these great claims to distinction he set his heart upon nothing as much as becoming one of the Seven Sages, believing that philosophy was no reproach but that it brought honor to those who pursued it, having been no less wise in this very judgement than in the others in which he showed himself superior.
49. ἐπεὶ σύνοιδά γε πολλοὺς μὲν ἐξ ἀδόξων καὶ ταπεινῶν ἐπιφανεῖς διὰ τῆς πραγματείας ταύτης γεγενημένους, Σόλωνα δὲ καὶ ζῶντα καὶ τελευτήσαντα μεγίστης δόξης ἠξιωμένον· ὃς οὐκ ἀπεληλαμένος τῶν ἄλλων τιμῶν, ἀλλὰ τῆς μὲν ἀνδρείας τὸ πρὸς Μεγαρέας τρόπαιον ὑπόμνημα καταλιπών, τῆς δʼ εὐβουλίας τὴν Σαλαμῖνος κομιδήν, τῆς δʼ ἄλλης συνέσεως τοὺς νόμους, οἷς ἔτι καὶ νῦν οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων χρώμενοι διατελοῦσιν, ὅμως τοσούτων αὐτῷ καλῶν ὑπαρχόντων, ἐπʼ οὐδενὶ μᾶλλον ἐσπούδασεν ἢ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφιστῶν ὅπως γένηται, νομίζων τὴν φιλοσοφίαν οὐκ ὄνειδος, ἀλλὰ τιμὴν τοῖς χρωμένοις φέρειν, καλῶς ἐγνωκὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτʼ οὐχ ἧττον ἢ καὶ τἄλλʼ ἐφʼ οἷς διήνεγκεν.
51. My own judgement is not different from Solon’s and I recommend to you to study philosophy, bearing in mind the advantages you have possessed from the beginning. Indeed it was with this purpose in view I ran through the list of them myself in the first part of my essay, not expecting to make a conquest of you by praising your natural gifts, but that I may the better urge you to take up philosophy if you shall escape the error of putting a low value on it, or, through pride in your present advantages, of under-valuing the advantages yet to be gained.
51. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἄλλως γιγνώσκω, σοί τε παραινῶ φιλοσοφεῖν, μεμνημένῳ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπαρξάντων σαυτῷ· τούτου γὰρ ἕνεκα διῆλθον ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ λόγου κἀγὼ περὶ αὐτῶν, οὐχ ὡς ἐκ τοῦ τὴν σὴν φύσιν ἐπαινεῖν ἀνακτήσεσθαί σε προσδοκῶν, ἀλλʼ ἵνα μᾶλλον προτρέψω σε πρὸς τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, ἐὰν μὴ παρὰ μικρὸν ποιήσῃ, μηδʼ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ἀγαθοῖς μέγα φρονήσας τῶν μελλόντων ὀλιγωρήσῃς.
52. Again, even if you are better than the common run of men, do not seek to be superior in no respect to the talented remainder, but deem it the highest purpose to be first among all, and that it is more to your advantage to be seen striving for this than merely being foremost among the rank and file. And do not bring shame upon your natural gifts or cause to be cheated of their hopes those who are proud of you, but endeavor by your own ability to surpass the desires of those who have your interests most at heart.
52. μηδʼ εἰ τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων κρείττων εἶ, μηδὲν τῶν ἄλλων ζήτει διενεγκεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἡγοῦ κράτιστον μὲν εἶναι τὸ πρωτεύειν ἐν ἅπασιν, τούτου δʼ ὀρεγόμενον ὀφθῆναι μᾶλλον συμφέρειν ἢ προέχοντʼ ἐν τοῖς τυχοῦσιν. καὶ μὴ καταισχύνῃς τὴν φύσιν, μηδὲ ψευσθῆναι ποιήσῃς τῶν ἐλπίδων τοὺς ἐπὶ σοὶ μέγα φρονοῦντας, ἀλλʼ ὑπερβάλλεσθαι πειρῶ τῇ σαυτοῦ δυνάμει τὴν τῶν εὐνουστάτων ἐπιθυμίαν.
53. And bear in mind that speeches of the other kinds, when they fulfil their purpose, only crown their authors with glory, but that good counsels attach benefit and honor to those who hearken to them; and that the decisions we make about all other matters make plain the power of perception we possess, but that the choices we make of careers put our whole character to the test. And as you pass judgement in these matters, count upon being judged at the same time yourself by all men, and do not forget that I, who have been so ready to praise you, will also be involved in the hazard of the test.
53. καὶ νόμιζε τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους λόγους, ὅταν ἐπιεικῶς ἔχωσιν, τοῖς εἰποῦσιν δόξαν περιτιθέναι, τὰς δὲ συμβουλίας τοῖς πεισθεῖσιν ὠφέλειαν καὶ τιμὴν προσάπτειν· καὶ τὰς μὲν περὶ τῶν ἄλλων κρίσεις τὴν αἴσθησιν ἣν ἔχομεν δηλοῦν, τὰς δὲ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αἱρέσεις τὴν ὅλην φύσιν ἡμῶν δοκιμάζειν. ἐν οἷς ἅμα κρίνων αὐτὸς κριθήσεσθαι προσδόκα παρὰ πᾶσιν, κἀμὲ τὸν οὕτως ἐγκωμιάσαντά σʼ ἑτοίμως ἐν ἀγῶνι γενήσεσθαι τῆς σῆς δοκιμασίας.
54. The proofs by which you must be judged worthy of my praises must also acquit me of all censure for the friendship I bear you. I would not be pressing you so urgently to study philosophy unless I thought that in this I was making you a most precious contribution as evidence of my goodwill, and unless I observed that our city often makes use of ordinary men for lack of men of the best type, and through their bungling incurs the gravest misfortunes.
54. διʼ ἃ δεῖ σε τῶν ἐπαίνων ἄξιον εἶναι δόξαντα καὶ ἐμὲ τῆς σῆς φιλίας ἀνεπιτίμητον ἀφεῖναι. οὐχ οὕτως δʼ ἄν σε προθύμως ἐπὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν παρεκάλουν, εἰ μὴ τῆς μὲν εὐνοίας τῆς ἐμῆς τοῦτον ἄν σοι κάλλιστον ἔρανον εἰσενεγκεῖν ᾤμην, τὴν δὲ πόλιν ἑώρων διὰ μὲν ἀπορίαν τῶν καλῶν κἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν τοῖς τυχοῦσιν πολλάκις χρωμένην, διὰ δὲ τὰς τούτων ἁμαρτίας αὐτὴν ταῖς μεγίσταις ἀτυχίαις περιπίπτουσαν.
55. So, then, in order that our city may enjoy abilities such as yours and you the honors which these abilities deserve, I have urged you with some vehemence. Neither do I think that it will be in your power to live as chance decrees, but that the City will appoint you to be in charge of some department of her business, and in proportion as your natural gifts are the more conspicuous it will judge you worthy of greater responsibilities and will the sooner desire to make trial of you. The wise plan, therefore is to train your mind that you may not fail when that day comes.
55. ἵνʼ οὖν ἡ μὲν τῆς σῆς ἀρετῆς, σὺ δὲ τῶν παρὰ ταύτης τιμῶν ἀπολαύσῃς, προθυμότερόν σοι παρεκελευσάμην. καὶ γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐπὶ σοὶ νομίζω γενήσεσθαι ζῆν ὡς ἔτυχεν, ἀλλὰ προστάξειν σοι τὴν πόλιν τῶν αὑτῆς τι διοικεῖν, καὶ ὅσῳ τὴν φύσιν ἐπιφανεστέραν ἔχεις, τοσούτῳ μειζόνων ἀξιώσειν καὶ θᾶττον βουλήσεσθαι πεῖράν σου λαμβάνειν. καλὸν οὖν παρεσκευάσθαι τὴν γνώμην, ἵνα μὴ τότε πλημμελῇς.
56. Now it has been my part to tell you what studies I think it is to your advantage to have pursued, but it is yours to decide concerning them. There is an obligation also on the rest, those who seek to be on intimate terms with you, not to be content with superficial pleasures and pastimes, nor to summon you to these, but to consider diligently how they may render your career most brilliant. By so doing they would bring most credit to themselves and become instruments of the greatest service to you.
56. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ἐμὸν ἦν ἔργον, εἰπεῖν ἅ σοι συμφέρειν ἡγοῦμαι πεπρᾶχθαι, σὸν δὲ βουλεύσασθαι περὶ αὐτῶν. προσήκει δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς ζητοῦντας οἰκείως πρὸς σὲ διακεῖσθαι μὴ τὰς ἐπιπολαίους ἡδονὰς καὶ διατριβὰς ἀγαπᾶν, μηδʼ ἐπὶ ταύτας προκαλεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ φιλοπονεῖν καὶ σκοπεῖν ὅπως τὸν σὸν βίον ὡς λαμπρότατον καταστήσουσιν· αὐτοί τε γὰρ οὕτως ἂν μάλιστʼ ἐπαινοῖντο καὶ σοὶ πλείστων ἀγαθῶν αἴτιοι γένοιντο.
57. Neither am I now finding fault with any one of those who keep company with you, for this also seems to me one element of your general good fortune, that you have found no base admirer, but select as friends from the young men of your own age such only as any man would gladly choose. I urge you, however, while being friendly and agreeable to all of these, to heed those of them who have the most sense, so that you may seem even more worthy of respect to this particular group and to the rest of the citizens. Farewell.
57. μέμφομαι μὲν οὖν οὐδὲ νῦν οὐδένα τῶν σοὶ πλησιαζόντων· καὶ γάρ μοι δοκεῖ τῆς ἄλλης εὐτυχίας τῆς σῆς καὶ τοῦθʼ ἓν εἶναι, τὸ μηδενὸς φαύλου τυχεῖν ἐραστοῦ, ἀλλʼ οὓς ἄν τις ἕλοιτο βουλόμενος φίλους ἐκ τῶν ἡλικιωτῶν ἐκλέγεσθαι· παραινῶ μέντοι σοι φιλοφρονεῖσθαι μὲν πρὸς ἅπαντας τούτους καὶ ἔχειν ἡδέως, πείθεσθαι δὲ τοῖς πλεῖστον νοῦν ἔχουσιν αὐτῶν, ἵνα καὶ τούτοις αὐτοῖς ἔτι σπουδαιότερος δοκῇς εἶναι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πολίταις. εὐτύχει.