3.12. For unlike some of your orators, as it appears, he did not consider it would be either just or creditable to take the same action against all, but, taking into his reckoning the additional factor of station in life, he assorted his verdicts accordingly.
3.12. οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἔοικεν ὁμοίως τῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν ῥητόρων ἐνίοις οὔτε δίκαιʼ ἂν εἶναι πρὸς ἅπαντας ταὔτʼ οὔτε κάλʼ ἡγεῖτο, ἀλλὰ τὴν τῆς ἀξίας προσθήκην συλλογιζόμενος τὰ τοιαῦτʼ ἐπέκρινεν.
3.13. You, however, though Athenians and partners in a culture which is thought capable of making even stupid people tolerable, in the first place—and of all your actions this is the most heartless—hold the sons in chains as a penalty for offences which certain parties allege against the father; in the next place, you claim this action to be equality before the law, just as if you were inspecting equality in the field of weights or measures and not deliberating about men’s ethical and political principles.
3.13. ὑμεῖς δέ, ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ἐν παρρησίᾳ ζῶντες ἣ καὶ τοὺς ἀναισθήτους ἀνεκτοὺς ποιεῖν δοκεῖ δύνασθαι, πρῶτον μέν, ὃ πάντων ἀγνωμονέστατόν ἐστιν, ὑπὲρ ὧν τὸν πατέρʼ αἰτιῶνταί τινες, τοὺς υἱεῖς δεδέκατε, εἶτα τὸ ταῦτα ποιεῖν ἴσον εἶναί φατε, ὥσπερ ὑπὲρ σταθμῶν ἢ μέτρων τὸ ἴσον σκοπούμενοι, ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρῶν προαιρέσεως καὶ πολιτείας βουλευόμενοι, ἐν οἷς ἐξεταζομένοις εἰ μὲν χρηστὰ καὶ δημοτικὰ καὶ ἐπʼ εὐνοίᾳ τὰ Λυκούργῳ πεπραγμένα φαίνεται, μηδενὸς κακοῦ ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ δίκαιόν ἐστιν τυγχάνειν παρʼ ὑμῶν·
3.14. In testing these, if the actions of Lycurgus seem honest and public-spirited and inspired by loyalty, then it is justice that his sons should not only meet with no harm at your hands, but with all the benefits imaginable; yet if his actions seem quite the opposite, he ought to have been punished while he lived, and these children should not thus incur your anger on the ground of charges someone prefers against the father, because for all men death is an end of responsibility for all their offences.
3.14. εἰ δὲ τἀναντία τούτων, ἐκεῖνον, ὅτʼ ἔζη, ἔδει δίκην διδόναι, τούτους δὲ μηδʼ οὕτως, ἐφʼ οἷς ἐκείνῳ τις ἐγκαλεῖ, τυγχάνειν ὀργῆς· πᾶσι γὰρ πάντων τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ὅρος ἐστὶ τελευτή.
3.15. Consequently, if you are going to be so minded that those who have conceived some grudge against those who espouse the cause of the people will not be reconciled even with dead men, but will persist in maintaining their enmity against the children, and if the people, in whose cause every friend of democracy labours, shall remember their gratitude only so long as they can use a man in the flesh and thereafter shall feel no concern, then nothing will be more miserable than to choose the post of champion of the people.
3.15. ἐπεὶ εἴ γʼ οὕτως ἕξετε, ὥσθʼ οἱ μὲν ἀχθεσθέντες τι τοῖς ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου πολιτευομένοις μηδὲ πρὸς τελευτήσαντας διαλλαγήσονται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς παισὶ τὴν ἔχθραν διαφυλάξουσιν, ὁ δὲ δῆμος, ᾧ συναγωνίζεται τῶν δημοτικῶν ἕκαστος, μέχρι τοῦ παρόντι χρῆσθαι μνημονεύσει τὰς χάριτας, μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ μηδὲν φροντιεῖ, οὐδὲν ἀθλιώτερον ἔσται τοῦ τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου τάξιν αἱρεῖσθαι.
3.16. If Moerocles replies that this view is too subtle for his understanding, and that, to prevent them from running away, he put them in chains upon his own responsibility, demand of him why in the world he did not see the justice of this proceeding when Taureas, Pataecus, Aristogeiton and himself, though they had been committed to prison, were not only not in chains but would even address the Assembly.
3.16. εἰ δὲ Μοιροκλῆς ἀποκρίνεται ταῦτα μὲν σοφώτερʼ ἢ καθʼ ἑαυτὸν εἶναι, ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἀποδρῶσιν, αὐτὸς αὐτοὺς δῆσαι, ἐρωτήσατʼ αὐτόν, ἡνίκα Ταυρέας καὶ Πάταικος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον παραδοθέντες οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδέδεντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐδημηγόρουν, τί δήποτʼ οὐχ ἑώρα τὰ δίκαια ταῦτα.
3.17. If, on the other hand, he shall say that he was not then archon, he had no right to speak, at any rate according to the laws. Accordingly, how can it be equal justice when some men are in office who have no right even to speak and others are in fetters whose father was useful to you in numerous ways? I certainly cannot figure it out unless you mean to demonstrate this fact officially—that blackguardism, shamelessness and deliberate villainy are strong in the State and enjoy a better prospect of coming off safely, and that, if such men happen to get into a tight place, a way out is discovered, but to elect to live in honesty of principle, sobriety of life and devotion to the people will be hazardous and, if some false step is made, the consequences will be inescapable.
3.17. εἰ δὲ μὴ φήσει τότʼ ἄρχειν, οὐδὲ λέγειν ἔκ γε τῶν νόμων αὐτῷ προσῆκεν. ὥστε πῶς ἴσον ἐστὶν τοὺς μὲν ἄρχειν, οἷς μηδὲ λέγειν ἔξεστιν, τοὺς δὲ δεδέσθαι, ὧν πολλὰ χρήσιμος ἦν ὑμῖν ὁ πατήρ; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔχω συλλογίσασθαι, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο δεῖξαι δημοσίᾳ βούλεσθε, ὅτι βδελυρία καὶ ἀναίδεια καὶ προαίρεσις πονηρίας ἐν τῇ πόλει ἰσχύει καὶ διασωθῆναι πλείω προσδοκίαν ἔχει, κἄν τι συμβῇ χαλεπὸν τοῖς τοιούτοις, ἀπόλυσις γίγνεται, ἐν δὲ προαιρέσει χρηστῇ καὶ βίῳ σώφρονι καὶ δημοτικῷ προελέσθαι ζῆν σφαλερόν, κἄν τι γένηται πταῖσμα, ἄφυκτον ἔσται.
3.19. Furthermore, the fact that it is unjust to entertain concerning Lycurgus the opposite opinion to the one you held while he lived, and that justice demands that you should have more regard for the dead than for the living, and all such considerations I shall pass over, for I assume them to be universally agreed upon. Of the children of others, however, whom you recompensed for their fathers’ good services I would gladly see you reminded; for instance, the descendants of Aristeides, Thrasybulus, Archinus and many others.
3.19. ἔτι τοίνυν τὸ μὲν μὴ δίκαιον εἶναι τὴν ἐναντίαν δόξαν ἔχειν ὧς περὶ ζῶντος εἴχετʼ ἐκείνου, καὶ τὸ τῶν τετελευτηκότων ἢ τῶν παρόντων πλείω ποιεῖσθαι λόγον δίκαιον εἶναι, καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἐάσω· παρὰ γὰρ πᾶσιν ὁμολογεῖσθαι ταῦθʼ ὑπείληφα· ὅσοις μέντοι πατρικὰς εὐεργεσίας ἀπεμνημονεύσατε τῶν ἄλλων, ἡδέως ἂν ἴδοιμʼ ὑμᾶς ἀναμνησθέντας, οἷον τοῖς Ἀριστείδου καὶ τοῖς Θρασυβούλου καὶ τοῖς Ἀρχίνου καὶ πολλῶν ἑτέρων ἀπογόνοις.
3.20. Not by way of censure have I cited these examples, for so far am I from censuring as to declare it my belief that such repayments are in the highest degree in the interest of the State, because you challenge all men by such conduct to be champions of the people, when they observe that, even if during their own lives envy shall stand in the way of their receiving merited honors, yet their children, at any rate, will be sure to receive their due rewards at your hands.
3.20. οὐχ ὡς ἐπιτιμῶν δὲ ταῦτα παρήνεγκα. τοσούτου γὰρ δέω τοῦτο ποιεῖν ὥστε συμφέρειν μάλιστα τῇ πόλει τὰ τοιαῦτα κρίνω· προκαλεῖσθε γὰρ πάντας ἐκ τούτων δημοτικοὺς εἶναι, ὁρῶντας ὅτι κἂν ἐν τῷ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς βίῳ ταῖς προσηκούσαις αὐτῶν τιμαῖς ὁ φθόνος ἀντιστῇ, τοῖς γε παισὶν ὑπάρξει τὰ προσήκοντα παρʼ ὑμῶν κομίσασθαι.
3.21. Is it not absurd, therefore, or rather even disgraceful, toward certain other men to keep alive the goodwill justly due them, in spite of the fact that the times of their usefulness are long past and after this interval you learn of their good deeds by hearsay and have not assumed them from things of which you have been eye-witnesses, but toward Lycurgus, whose political career and death are so recent, you do not show yourselves so ready to display even pity and kindness as you were at all other times toward men whom you never knew and by whom you used to be wronged, and, worse still, your vengeance is visited upon his children, whom even an enemy, if only he were fair-minded and capable of reason, would pity?
3.21. πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἄτοπον, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ αἰσχρόν, τῶν μὲν ἄλλων τισί, καὶ παλαιῶν ὄντων τῶν χρόνων καθʼ οὓς ἐγένοντο χρήσιμοι, καὶ διʼ ὧν ἀκούετε τὰς εὐεργεσίας, οὐκ ἐξ ὧν ἑοράκαθʼ ὑπειληφότας, ὅμως τὴν δικαίαν εὔνοιαν διασῴζειν, Λυκούργῳ δʼ οὕτως ὑπογύου καὶ τῆς πολιτείας καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς γεγονυίας, μηδʼ εἰς ἃ καὶ τοῖς ἀγνῶσιν καὶ ὑφʼ ὧν ἀδικοῖσθʼ ἕτοιμοι τὸν ἄλλον ἦτε χρόνον, εἰς ἔλεον καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν, μηδʼ εἰς ταῦθʼ ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ὁμοίους παρέχειν, καὶ ταῦτʼ εἰς τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ γιγνομένης τῆς τιμωρίας, οὓς κἂν ἐχθρός, εἴπερ μέτριος εἴη καὶ λογισμὸν ἔχων, ἐλεήσαι;
3.23. Moreover, I am amazed if any one of you is ignorant of this fact also, that it is not to the interest of our political life, either, for this to become public knowledge, that those who have established friendship in a certain other quarter are sure to prosper in all things and fare better and, if some mishap occurs, the ways of escape are easier, but those who have attached themselves to the cause of the people will not only fare worse in other respects but for them alone of all men calamities will remain irremediable. Yet it is easy to demonstrate the truth of this, for who of you does not know the incident of Laches the son of Melanopus, whose lot it was to be convicted in a court of law precisely as the sons of Lycurgus in the present instance, but his entire fine was remitted when Alexander requested it by letter?
3.23. θαυμάζω τοίνυν καὶ τοῦτʼ εἴ τις ὑμῶν ἀγνοεῖ, ὡς οὐδὲ τοῦτο συμφέρει τῇ πολιτείᾳ φανερὸν γιγνόμενον, ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ἄλλην τινὰ κτησαμένοις φιλίαν καὶ κατορθοῦσιν ἐν πᾶσιν πλεονεκτεῖν ὑπάρχει, κἂν ἀτυχήσωσίν τι, ῥᾳδίους εἶναι τὰς λύσεις, τοῖς δʼ εἰς τὸν δῆμον ἀναρτήσασιν ἑαυτοὺς οὐ μόνον κατὰ τἄλλʼ ἔλαττον ἔχειν ὑπάρξει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς συμφορὰς βεβαίους τούτοις μόνοις τῶν ἄλλων μένειν. ἀλλὰ μὴν ὅτι τοῦθʼ οὕτως γίγνεται ῥᾴδιον δεῖξαι.
3.24. And again, that it happened to Mnesibulus of Acharnae to be similarly convicted, the court condemning him just as it has the sons of Lycurgus, and to have the fine remitted, and rightly too, for the man was deserving?
3.24. τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν ὑμῶν Λάχητι τῷ Μελανώπου ἁλῶναι μὲν ὁμοίως ἐν δικαστηρίῳ συμβὰν ὡς καὶ νῦν τοῖς Λυκούργου παισίν, ἀφεθῆναι δὲ πᾶν τὸ ὄφλημʼ ἐπιστείλαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου; καὶ πάλιν Μνησιβούλῳ τῷ Ἀχαρνεῖ ἁλῶναι μὲν ὁμοίως καταγνόντος αὐτοῦ τοῦ δικαστηρίου ὥσπερ καὶ τῶν Λυκούργου παίδων, ἀφεῖσθαι δὲ καλῶς ποιοῦντι;
3.25. And none of those who are now making such an outcry declared that by these actions the laws were being nullified. Quite rightly so, for they were not being nullified, if it be true that all our laws are enacted for the sake of just men and for the preservation of honest men, and that it is expedient neither to render the calamities of the unfortunate perpetual nor for men to show themselves void of gratitude.
3.25. ἄξιος γὰρ ἁνήρ. καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐπὶ τούτοις τοὺς νόμους ἔφη καταλύεσθαι τῶν νῦν βοώντων. εἰκότως· οὐδὲ γὰρ κατελύοντο, εἴπερ ἅπαντες οἱ νόμοι τῶν δικαίων εἵνεκα καὶ σωτηρίας τῶν χρηστῶν ἀνθρώπων τίθενται, καὶ μήτʼ ἀϊδίους τοῖς ἀτυχήσασι καθιστάναι τὰς συμφορὰς συμφέρει, μήτʼ ἀχαρίστους ὄντας φαίνεσθαι.
3.26. And furthermore, if it is expedient for these principles to hold true, as we would declare, not only were you not nullifying the laws where you released those men, but you were preserving the lifework of those men who enacted the laws, first, by releasing Laches in compliance with the request of Alexander and, secondly, by restoring Mnesibulus to his rights because of the sobriety of his life.
3.26. ἀλλὰ μὴν εἴ γε ταῦθʼ οὕτως, ὥσπερ ἂν φήσαιμεν, ἔχειν συμφέρει, οὐ μόνον τοὺς νόμους οὐ κατελύετε, ἡνίκʼ ἐκείνους ἀφίετε, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἐσῴζετε τῶν τοὺς νόμους θεμένων ἀνθρώπων, Λάχητα μὲν πρὸς χάριν δεηθέντος Ἀλεξάνδρου ἀφέντες, Μνησίβουλον δὲ τῇ τοῦ βίου σωφροσύνῃ σῴσαντες.
3.27. Beware of demonstrating, therefore, that to acquire some outside friendship is more profitable than to give one’s self in trust to the people and that it is better to remain in the ranks of the unknown than to become known as a man who in public life consults the interests of you, the majority. For although it is impossible for one who recommends policies and administers the commonwealth to please everyone, yet if a man, actuated by loyalty, has at heart the same interests as the people, he has a right to security of person. Otherwise you will teach everyone to serve the interests of others rather than those of the people and to shun recognition for doing any of those things that are to your advantage.
3.27. μὴ τοίνυν τὸ κτήσασθαί τινʼ ἔξωθεν φιλίαν λυσιτελέστερον δείκνυτʼ ἢ τὸ τῷ δήμῳ παρακαταθέσθαι ἑαυτόν, μηδὲ τὸ τῶν ἀγνώτων εἶναι κρεῖττον ἢ τοῖς πολλοῖς ὑμῖν τὰ συμφέροντα πολιτευόμενον γιγνώσκεσθαι. τὸ μὲν γὰρ πᾶσιν ἀρέσκειν τὸν συμβουλεύοντα καὶ τὰ κοινὰ πράττοντʼ ἀδύνατον· ἐὰν δʼ ἐπʼ εὐνοίᾳ ταὐτὰ τῷ δήμῳ τις φρονῇ, δίκαιός ἐστιν σῴζεσθαι. εἰ δὲ μή, καὶ θεραπεύειν ἑτέρους μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν δῆμον ἅπαντας διδάξετε, καὶ φεύγειν τὸ τῶν ὑμῖν συμφερόντων ποιοῦντά τι γνωσθῆναι.
3.28. In short, it is a reproach common to all citizens, men of Athens, and a misfortune of the State as a whole, that envy should be thought to be stronger among you than the grace of gratitude for services performed, and the more so because envy is a disease but the Graces have been assigned a place among the gods.
3.28. ὅλως δὲ κοινόν ἐστιν ὄνειδος ἁπάντων, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ὅλης τῆς πόλεως συμφορά, τὸν φθόνον δοκεῖν μεῖζον ἰσχύειν παρʼ ὑμῖν ἢ τὰς τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν χάριτας, καὶ ταῦτα τοῦ μὲν νοσήματος ὄντος, τῶν δʼ ἐν τοῖς θεοῖς ἀποδεδειγμένων.
3.29. Furthermore, I am not going to omit the case of Pytheas either, who was a friend of the people down to his entrance into public life but after that was ready to do anything to injure you. For who does not know that this man, when, under the obligation to serve you, he was entering upon public life, was being hounded as a slave and was under indictment as an alien usurping the rights of a citizen and came near being sold by these men whose servant he now is and for whom he used to write the speeches against me, but since he is himself now practising what he then accused others of doing, is in such easy circumstances as to keep two mistresses, who have escorted him—and kind it is of them—on the way to death by consumption, and to be able to discharge a debt of five talents more easily than he could have produced five drachmas previously, and besides all this, with the permission of you, the people, not only participates in the government, which is a common reproach to all, but also performs on your behalf the ancestral sacrifices at Delphi?
3.29. καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τὸν Πυθέαν παραλείψω τὸν μέχρι τῆς παρόδου δημοτικόν, μετὰ ταῦτα δʼ ἕτοιμον εἰς τὰ καθʼ ὑμῶν πάντα. τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν τοῦτον, ὅτε μὲν τὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τάξιν ἔχων εἰς τὸ πολιτεύεσθαι παρῄει, ὡς δοῦλον ἐλαυνόμενον καὶ γραφὴν ξενίας φεύγοντα καὶ μικροῦ πραθένθʼ ὑπὸ τούτων οἷς νῦν ὑπηρετῶν τοὺς κατʼ ἐμοῦ λόγους ἔγραφεν, ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἃ κατηγόρει τότε τῶν ἄλλων, νῦν αὐτὸς πράττει, εὐποροῦντα μὲν οὕτως ὥστε δύʼ ἔχειν ἑταίρας, αἳ μέχρι φθόης καλῶς ποιοῦσαι προπεπόμφασιν αὐτόν, πέντε τάλαντα δʼ ὀφλόντα ῥᾷον ἐκτεῖσαι ἢ πέντε δραχμὰς ἂν ἔδειξε πρότερον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις παρʼ ὑμῶν, τοῦ δήμου, οὐ μόνον τῆς πολιτείας μετειληφότα, ὃ κοινὸν ὄνειδός ἐστιν ἅπασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ θύονθʼ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τὰς πατρίους θυσίας ἐν Δελφοῖς;
3.31. So, when it is possible for all to behold object-lessons of such a kind and on such a scale, from which everyone would conclude that it does not pay to espouse the cause of the people, I begin to fear that some day you may become destitute of men who will speak on your behalf, especially when of the friends of the people some are being taken away by man’s natural destiny, by accident, and by the lapse of time, such as Nausicles, Chares, Diotimus, Menestheus, and Eudoxus, and also Euthydicus, Ephialtes and Lycurgus, and others you citizens have cast forth, such as Charidemus, Philocles and myself, men to whom not even you yourselves believe others to be superior in loyalty, though if you think certain others are equally loyal I feel no jealousy, and it would be my desire, provided only that you will deal fairly with them and that they shall not meet with the treatment accorded us, that their number may be legion.
3.31. ὅταν οὖν τοιαῦτα καὶ τηλικαῦτα πᾶσιν ἰδεῖν ᾖ παραδείγματα, ἀφʼ ὧν ἃ λυσιτελεῖ προελέσθαι πᾶς τις ἂν κρίναι, φοβοῦμαι μήποτʼ ἔρημοι τῶν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐρούντων γένησθε, ἄλλως τε καὶ ὅταν τῶν δημοτικῶν τοὺς μὲν ἡ καθήκουσα μοῖρα καὶ ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ χρόνος παραιρῆται, οἷον Ναυσικλέα καὶ Χάρητα καὶ Διότιμον καὶ Μενεσθέα καὶ Εὔδοξον, ἔτι δʼ Εὐθύδικον καὶ Ἐφιάλτην καὶ Λυκοῦργον, τοὺς δʼ ὑμεῖς προῆσθε, ὥσπερ Χαρίδημον καὶ Φιλοκλέα καὶ ἐμέ.
3.32. When however, you give the public such object-lessons as the present, who is there who will be willing to give himself to this line of duty with sincere intentions toward you? Yet surely you will find no dearth of those who will at least pretend to do so, for in the past there has been none. Heaven forbid that I should live to see them unmasked like those men, who, though now openly pursuing policies they then repudiated, feel before none of you either fear or shame! You should ponder these facts, men of Athens, and not treat loyal men with disdain nor be persuaded by those who are leading the country on the way to bitter hatreds and cruelty.
3.32. ὧν ἑτέρους εὐνουστέρους οὐδʼ αὐτοὶ νομίζετε· εἰ δʼ ὁμοίους τινάς, οὐ φθονῶ, βουλοίμην δʼ ἄν, εἴπερ ὑμεῖς δικαίως αὐτοῖς προσοίσεσθε καὶ μὴ ταὔθʼ ἅπερ ἡμεῖς πείσονται, ὡς πλείστους αὐτοὺς γενέσθαι. ἀλλʼ ὅταν γε τοιαῦθʼ οἷα τὰ νῦν, παραδείγματʼ ἐκφέρητε, τίς ἔστιν ὅστις εἰς ταύτην τὴν τάξιν ἑαυτὸν γνησίως ὑμῖν ἐθελήσει δοῦναι; ἀλλὰ μὴν τῶν γε προσποιησομένων οὐκ ἀπορήσετε· οὐδὲ γὰρ πρότερον. μὴ γένοιτο δʼ ἰδεῖν ἐξελεγχθέντας αὐτοὺς ὁμοίως ἐκείνοις, οἳ φανερῶς ἃ τότʼ ἠρνοῦντο νῦν πολιτευόμενοι οὐδένʼ ὑμῶν οὔτε δεδοίκασιν οὔτʼ αἰσχύνονται. ἃ χρὴ λογιζομένους, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μήτε τῶν εὔνων ὀλιγωρεῖν μήτε τοῖς προάγουσιν ἐς πικρίαν καὶ ὠμότητα τὴν πόλιν πείθεσθαι.
3.34. For our present difficulties require goodwill and humanity far more than dissension and malice, an excess of which certain persons turn to their advantage, pursuing their business to your detriment with the expectation of returns, of which I pray that their calculations may cheat them. If any one of you ridicules these warnings he must be filled with a profound simplicity. For if, observing that things have happened which no one could have expected, he imagines things could not happen now which have happened already before now, when the people were set at variance with those who spoke in their behalf by men suborned for the purpose, has he not taken leave of his senses?
3.34. πολὺ γὰρ μᾶλλον εὐνοίας καὶ φιλανθρωπίας τὰ παρόντα πράγματα δεῖται ἢ ταραχῆς καὶ δυσμενείας, ὧν ὑπερβολῇ χρώμενοί τινες ἐργολαβοῦσι καθʼ ὑμῶν εἰς ὑποδοχὴν πραγμάτων, ὧν διαψεύσειεν αὐτοὺς ὁ λογισμός. εἰ δέ τις ὑμῶν διασύρει ταῦτα, πολλῆς ἐστιν εὐηθείας μεστός. εἰ γάρ, ἃ μηδεὶς ἂν ἤλπισεν, ὁρῶν γεγενημένα, ἃ καὶ πρότερον γέγονε τοῦ δήμου πρὸς τοὺς ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντας ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἐγκαθέτων διαβληθέντος, νῦν μὴ ἂν οἴεται γενέσθαι, πῶς οὐ τετύφωται;
3.35. If I were present in person I should be trying to explain these matters to you by word of mouth, but since I am in such a plight as I pray may be the lot of anyone who has uttered falsehoods against me to my ruin, I have sent my message in the form of a letter, in the first place, having supreme regard for your honor and your advantage and, in the second, because the same goodwill that I felt toward Lycurgus during his lifetime I believe it right to show that I feel also toward his sons.
3.35. ταῦτʼ εἰ μὲν παρῆν, λέγων ἂν ὑμᾶς ἐδίδασκον· ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἐν τοιούτοις εἰμὶ ἐν οἷς, εἴ τις ἐμοῦ κατέψευσται ἐφʼ οἷς ἀπόλωλα, γένοιτο, γράψας ἐπέσταλκα, πρώτου μὲν καὶ πλεῖστον λόγον ποιούμενος τοῦ καλοῦ καὶ τοῦ συμφέροντος ὑμῖν, δεύτερον δʼ ὅτι τὴν αὐτὴν εὔνοιαν ἣν πρὸς ζῶντα Λυκοῦργον εἶχον, δίκαιον εἶναι νομίζω καὶ πρὸς τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ φαίνεσθαι ἔχων.
3.36. If it has occurred to anyone that I have a great abundance of troubles of my own, I should not hesitate to say to him that I am as much concerned to defend your interests and to forsake none of my friends as I am about my own deliverance. Therefore, it is not out of the abundance of my troubles that I do this, but, actuated by one and the same earnestness and conviction, I devote my efforts to furthering both these interests of mine and those of yours with a single purpose, and the abundance I possess is of such a kind as I pray may abound for those who plot any evil against you. And on these topics I have said enough.
3.36. εἰ δέ τῳ παρέστηκεν ὡς πολύ μοι περίεστιν τῶν ἐμαυτοῦ πραγμάτων, οὐκ ἂν ὀκνήσαιμι πρὸς τοῦτον εἰπεῖν ὅτι τῶν συμφερόντων ὑμῖν καὶ τοῦ μηδένα τῶν φίλων ἐγκαταλείπειν ὁμοίως ὥσπερ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ σωτηρίας φροντίζω. οὔκουν ἐκ τοῦ περιόντος ταῦτα ποιῶ, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς σπουδῆς καὶ προαιρέσεως καὶ ταῦτα κἀκεῖνα μιᾷ γνώμῃ πραγματεύομαι. περίεστιν δέ μοι τοιαῦτα, οἷα τοῖς κακόν τι νοοῦσιν ὑμῖν περιγένοιτο. καὶ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἱκανά.
3.37. This complaint, inspired by goodwill and affection, though now in outline only, I would gladly enlarge upon a little later in a long letter, which, if only I am alive, you may expect, unless justice shall be done me by you before that time, you who, O—what shall I say so as to seem neither to offend nor to fall short of the truth?—you all too unfeeling men, who neither before the rest of the world nor before yourselves feel shame, who upon the same charges upon which you acquitted Aristogeiton have banished Demosthenes, and the privileges which those who dare to set your authority at naught are permitted to have without your leave you do not grant to me, to enable me, if I can, by calling in the sums owing me and levying contributions upon my friends, to adjust my obligations to you and not, with old age and exile as the guerdon of my past toils in your behalf, be seen wandering from place to place on alien soil, a common reproach to all who have wronged me.
3.37. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπʼ εὐνοίᾳ καὶ φιλίᾳ μέμψιν ποιησαίμην νῦν μὲν ἐν κεφαλαίῳ, μικρὸν δʼ ὕστερον διʼ ἐπιστολῆς μακρᾶς, ἣν ἐάνπερ ἐγὼ ζῶ προσδοκᾶτε, ἂν μὴ τὰ δίκαια γένηται μοι παρʼ ὑμῶν πρότερον· οἵτινες, ὦ ʽτί ἂν εἰπὼν μήθʼ ἁμαρτεῖν δοκοίην μήτε ψευσαίμην;ʼ λίαν ὀλίγωροι, οὔτε τοὺς ἄλλους οὔθʼ ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς αἰσχύνεσθε, ἐφʼ οἷς Ἀριστογείτονʼ ἀφείκατε, ἐπὶ τούτοις Δημοσθένην ἐκβεβληκότες, καὶ ἃ τοῖς τολμῶσιν μηδὲν ὑμῶν φροντίζειν μηδὲ λαβοῦσι παρʼ ὑμῶν ἔξεστιν ἔχειν, ταῦτʼ οὐ διδόντες ἐμοί, ἵνα, ἂν οἷός τʼ ὦ, τά τʼ ὀφειλόμενʼ εἰσπράξας καὶ τοὺς φίλους ἐρανίσας τὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς διοικήσω, καὶ μὴ γῆρας καὶ φυγὴν ἐπίχειρα τῶν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν πεπονημένων ἔχων, κοινὸν ὄνειδος τῶν ἀδικησάντων, ἐπὶ ξένης περιιὼν ὁρῶμαι.
3.39. Although it was my wish that my return home might come about by way of an ordinance of gratitude and magnanimity on your part and that for myself I might secure a dismissal of the false charges unjustly lodged against me, asking only for immunity from imprisonment for such time as you have granted for the payment of the fine, yet these requests you do not grant and you demand, as it is reported to me, “Well, who is preventing him from being here and transacting this business?”
3.39. βουλομένου δέ μου ἐν μὲν ὑμετέρας χάριτος καὶ μεγαλοψυχίας τάξει τὴν οἴκαδέ μοι ἄφιξιν γενέσθαι, ἐμαυτῷ δὲ λύσιν τῆς γεγονυίας οὐ δικαίως βλασφημίας πορίσασθαι, καὶ μόνον αἰτοῦντος ἄδειαν ὅσονπερ χρόνον τὴν ἔκτεισιν δεδώκατε, ταῦτα μὲν οὐ συγχωρεῖτε, ἐρωτᾶτε δέ, ὡς ἀπαγγέλλεται πρὸς ἐμέ, "τίς οὖν αὐτὸν κωλύει παρεῖναι καὶ ταῦτα πράττειν;"
3.40. It is knowing how to feel shame, men of Athens, it is faring in a way unworthy of my public services in your behalf, and it is the loss of my property through those men on whose account I was persuaded in the first place to become surety for their payments in order that they might not have to pay double the sum of which they were unable to pay the original amount. From these men, could I but return with your goodwill, I might possibly recover part, even if not all, so as not to live sordidly the rest of my life, but if I come on such terms as those who talk in this way demand of me, I shall be the victim at one and the same time of ignominy, destitution and fear.
3.40. τὸ ἐπίστασθαι αἰσχύνεσθαι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ τὸ ἀναξίως τῶν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν πεπολιτευμένων πράττειν, καὶ τὸ τὰ ὄντʼ ἀπολωλεκέναι διὰ τούτους ⟨οἷς⟩, ἵνα μὴ διπλᾶ καταθῶνται ἃ οὐκ ἠδύνανθʼ ἁπλᾶ, ἐπείσθην ὑπογράψασθαι ⟨πρὸς⟩ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὰς καταβολάς· παρʼ ὧν μετὰ μὲν τῆς ὑμετέρας εὐνοίας ἀφικόμενος μέρος, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντα, ἴσως ἂν κομισαίμην, ὥστε μηδὲν ἀσχημονεῖν τὸ λοιπὸν τοῦ βίου, ἂν δʼ ὡς οἱ ταῦτα λέγοντες ἀξιοῦσί μʼ ἔλθω, ἅμʼ ἀδοξίᾳ καὶ ἀπορίᾳ καὶ φόβῳ συνέξομαι.
3.41. None of these considerations do you take into account but, grudging me the paltry words of a decree and an act of kindness, you will allow me to perish, if it so happen, through your inaction, for I could appeal to no others but you. In that day you will say that I have been shamefully mistreated, I know for a certainty, when it will do neither you nor myself any good, for assuredly you do not expect that I have funds apart from my real and personal property, from which I am separated; the rest of my assets I wish to assemble if in a spirit of humanity instead of spitefulness you will but give me leave to attend to this business unmolested.
3.41. ὧν οὐδὲν ὑμεῖς συλλογίζεσθε, ἀλλὰ ῥημάτων μοι καὶ φιλανθρωπίας φθονοῦντες, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, διʼ ὑμᾶς περιόψεσθʼ ἀπολόμενον· οὐ γὰρ ἂν δεηθείην ἄλλων ἢ ὑμῶν. καὶ τότε φήσετε δεινὰ πεπονθέναι με, ἀκριβῶς οἶδα, ὅτʼ οὔτʼ ἐμοὶ πλέον οὐδὲν οὔθʼ ὑμῖν ἔσται. οὐ γὰρ δὴ χρήματά γʼ εἶναι μοι προσδοκᾶτʼ ἔξω τῶν φανερῶν, ὧν ἀφίσταμαι. καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ βούλομαι συναγαγεῖν, ἐάν μοι μὴ φιλονίκως, ἀλλʼ ἀνθρωπίνως δῶτε τὸ πρὸς τούτοις ἀσφαλῶς εἶναι.
3.42. Neither will you ever show that I received money from Harpalus, for neither was I tried and proved guilty nor did I take money, and if you are looking for excuse to the notorious decision of the Council or to the Areopagus, recall to mind the trial of Aristogeiton and hide your heads in shame; because I have no milder injunction for those who have committed this offence against me.
3.42. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρʼ Ἁρπάλου με λαβόντα δείξετε· οὔτε γὰρ ἠλέγχθην οὔτʼ ἔλαβον. εἰ δὲ τὸ περιφανὲς ἀξίωμα τῆς βουλῆς [ἢ τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον] προσβλέπετε, τῆς Ἀριστογείτονος κρίσεως ἀναμνησθέντες ἐγκαλύψασθε· οὐ γὰρ ἔχω τούτου πραότερον πρόσταγμα τοῖς τοιαῦτʼ ἐξημαρτηκόσιν εἰς ἐμέ.
3.43. For surely you will not claim it was just, after information was laid in the very same words by the same Council, for that man to be exonerated and me to be ruined; you are not so void of reason. For I do not deserve it; I am not that kind of a person nor worse than he, though I am unfortunate, thanks to you, I admit, for why not unfortunate when on top of my other calamities I must compare myself with Aristogeiton, and to make matters worse, a ruined man with one who has secured acquittal?
3.43. οὐ γὰρ δήπου τοῖς αὐτοῖς γε λόγοις ὑπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς βουλῆς ἀποφανθέντʼ ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἀφεῖσθαι δίκαιον εἶναι φήσετε, ἐμὲ δʼ ἀπολωλέναι· οὐχ οὕτως ὑμεῖς ἀλογίστως ἔχετε. οὔτε γὰρ ἄξιος οὔτʼ ἐπιτήδειος οὔτε χείρων, ἀτυχὴς μέντοι διʼ ὑμᾶς, ὁμολογῶ· πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἀτυχής, ᾧ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις κακοῖς καὶ πρὸς Ἀριστογείτονʼ ἐμαυτὸν ἐξετάζειν συμβαίνει, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἀπολωλότι πρὸς σωτηρίας τετυχηκότα;
3.44. And do not assume from these words that it is anger that moves me, because I could not feel that way toward you. To those who are wronged, however, it brings a certain relief to tell their sorrows, just as it relieves those in pain to moan, because toward you I feel as much goodwill as I would pray you might have toward me. I have made this plain in everything and shall continue to do so, for I have been resolved from the beginning that it is the duty of every man in public life, if only he be a fair-minded citizen, so to feel toward all his fellow-citizens as children ought to feel toward their parents, and, while praying that he may find them perfectly reasonable, yet to bear with them in a spirit of kindliness as they are; because defeat under such circumstances is judged among right-minded men to be an honorable and befitting victory.
3.44. καὶ μή μʼ ὑπολαμβάνετʼ ὀργίζεσθαι τοῖς λόγοις τούτοις· οὐ γὰρ ἂν πάθοιμι τοῦτο πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐγώ· ἀλλʼ ἔχει τινὰ τις ἀδικουμένοις ῥᾳστώνην τὸ λέγειν ἃ πάσχουσιν, ὥσπερ τοῖς ἀλγοῦσι τὸ στένειν, ἐπεὶ τῇ γʼ εὐνοίᾳ οὕτως ἔχω πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὡς ὑμᾶς ἂν εὐξαίμην πρὸς ἐμέ. καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐν πᾶσιν πεποίηκα καὶ ποιήσω φανερόν.
3.45. Farewell. Demosthenes to the Council and the Assembly sends greeting. I hear that Theramenes has uttered various slanderous statements concerning me and in particular that he taunts me with being ill-fated. Now I am not astonished that this man should be ignorant that abusive language, which demonstrates no vice on the part of the one against whom it is spoken, carries no weight with fair-minded people. For if one who in his way of life is insolent, by birth is not a citizen, and was reared from childhood in a brothel, had even a faint perception in such matters, it would be more unintelligible than complete ignorance.
3.45. ἔγνωκα γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς παντὶ τῷ πολιτευομένῳ προσήκειν, ἄνπερ ᾖ δίκαιος πολίτης, ὥσπερ οἱ παῖδες πρὸς τοὺς γονέας, οὕτως πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς πολίτας ἔχειν, εὔχεσθαι μὲν ὡς εὐγνωμονεστάτων τυγχάνειν, φέρειν δὲ τοὺς ὄντας εὐμενῶς· ἡ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ἧττα καλὴ καὶ προσήκουσα νίκη παρὰ τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσι κρίνεται. εὐτυχεῖτε. Δημοσθένης τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δημῷ χαίρειν. ἀκούω περὶ ἐμοῦ Θηραμένην ἄλλους τε λόγους βλασφήμους εἰρηκέναι καὶ δυστυχίαν προφέρειν. τὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτον ἀγνοεῖν ὅτι λοιδορίας, ἣ μηδεμίαν κακίαν, καθʼ ὅτου λέγεται, δείκνυσιν, οὐδέν ἐστʼ ὄφελος παρʼ εὖ φρονοῦσιν ἀνθρώποις, οὐχὶ θαυμάζω· τὸν γὰρ θρασὺν μὲν τῷ βίῳ, μὴ πολίτην δὲ τὴν φύσιν, ἐν ἐργαστηρίῳ δὲ τεθραμμένον ἐκ παιδός, αἰσθάνεσθαί τι τῶν τοιούτων ἀλογώτερον ἦν ἢ μὴ συνιέναι.
4.2. As for this man, If some day I return and am restored to my rights, I shall plan to have a talk with him about the drunken abuse he directs at me and at you, and I believe that, even if he is devoid of shame, I shall render him more self-restrained. To you, however, in the interest of the common good, I wish to make known by letter what statements I have to make about these matters. Listen to my words with all attention, for I think they are not only worth hearing but also worth remembering.
4.2. τούτῳ μὲν οὖν, ἐὰν ἀφίκωμαί ποτε καὶ σωθῶ, πειράσομαι διαλεχθῆναι περὶ ὧν εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ περὶ ὧν εἰς ὑμᾶς παροινεῖ, καὶ νομίζω, καίπερ οὐδὲν μετέχοντα τοῦ αἰσχύνεσθαι, μετριώτερον αὐτὸν ποιήσειν· ὑμῖν δὲ τοῦ κοινῇ συμφέροντος ἕνεκα βούλομαι διʼ ἐπιστολῆς, οὓς περὶ τούτων ἔχω λόγους, δηλῶσαι. οἷς πάνυ τὸν νοῦν προσέχοντες ἀκούσατε· οἴομαι γὰρ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἀκοῆς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μνήμης ἀξίους εἶναι.
4.3. As for me, I assume that your city is the most fortunate in the world and the dearest to the gods, and I know that Zeus of Dodona and Dione and the Pythian Apollo are always saying this in their oracles and confirming with the seal of their approval the opinion that good fortune has her abode in the city among you. Moreover, all that the gods reveal about coming events it is obvious that they prophesy; but the epithets based upon past events they apply to experiences of the past.
4.3. ἐγὼ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ὑμετέραν εὐτυχεστάτην πασῶν πόλεων ὑπολαμβάνω καὶ θεοφιλεστάτην, καὶ ταῦτʼ οἶδα καὶ τὸν Δία τὸν Δωδωναῖον καὶ τὴν Διώνην καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω τὸν Πύθιον ἀεὶ λέγοντας ἐν ταῖς μαντείαις καὶ προσεπισφραγιζομένους τὴν ἀγαθὴν τύχην ἐν τῇ πόλει εἶναι παρʼ ὑμῖν. ὅσα τοίνυν περὶ τῶν ἐπιόντων δηλοῦσιν οἱ θεοί, δῆλον ὡς προλέγουσιν· τὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν παρεληλυθότων προσηγορίας ἐπὶ ταῖς γεγονυίαις πράξεσι τίθενται.
4.4. Now, what I have done as a public man among you belongs in the class of events already past, on the ground of which the gods have bestowed upon you the epithet fortunate. How, then, is it fair for those who followed advice to be denominated fortunate but the adviser to receive the opposite epithet? Unless someone should give this explanation, that for the common good fortune, of which I was the counsellor, it is the gods who vouch, and to think they lie would be sacrilege, but that the personal slander, which Theramenes has directed against me, it is an insolent, shameless and not even intelligent person who has uttered.
4.4. ἃ τοίνυν ἐγὼ πεπολίτευμαι παρʼ ὑμῖν, τῶν ἤδη γεγενημένων ἐστίν, ἀφʼ ὧν εὐτυχεῖς ὑμᾶς προσηγορεύκασιν οἱ θεοί. πῶς οὖν δίκαιον τοὺς μὲν πεισθέντας εὐτυχεῖς ὀνομάζεσθαι, τὸν δὲ πείσαντα τῆς ἐναντίας προσηγορίας τυγχάνειν; πλὴν εἰ τοῦτό τις εἴποι, τὴν μὲν κοινὴν εὐτυχίαν, ἧς ἐγὼ σύμβουλος, θεοὺς τοὺς λέγοντας εἶναι, οἷς οὐ θέμις ψεύδεσθαι, τὴν δʼ ἰδίαν βλασφημίαν, ᾗ κατʼ ἐμοῦ κέχρηται Θηραμένης, θρασὺν καὶ ἀναιδῆ καὶ οὐδὲ νοῦν ἔχοντʼ ἄνθρωπον εἰρηκέναι.
4.5. Now, it is not only by the words of the oracles coming from the gods that you will find the fortune you have enjoyed to be good but also by viewing it in the light of the facts themselves, if you will scan them rightly. For if as human beings you are willing to regard our affairs, you will find that our city, as a result of the policy I advised, has been very fortunate, but if you shall demand to receive those blessings which are reserved for the gods alone, you aim at the impossible.
4.5. οὐ τοίνυν μόνον ταῖς παρὰ τῶν θεῶν μαντείαις ἀγαθὴν οὖσαν εὑρήσεθʼ ᾗ κέχρησθε τύχῃ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων θεωροῦντες, ἂν ἐξετάζητʼ ὀρθῶς. ὑμεῖς γὰρ εἰ μὲν ὡς ἄνθρωποι τὰ πράγματα βούλεσθε θεωρεῖν, εὐτυχεστάτην εὑρήσετʼ ἀφʼ ὧν ἐγὼ συνεβούλευσα τὴν πόλιν γεγονυῖαν· εἰ δʼ ἃ τοῖς θεοῖς ἐξαίρεθʼ ὑπάρχει μόνοις, τούτων ἀξιώσετε τυγχάνειν, ἀδυνάτων ἐφίεσθε.
4.6. What, then, is reserved for gods but for men is impossible? To be in absolute control of all the blessings there are, both to possess them themselves and to bestow them upon others, and never in all eternity either to suffer anything bad or to look forward to suffering it. Next, these propositions having been laid down, as is proper, scan your blessings in comparison with those of the rest of mankind.
4.6. τί οὖν ἐστιν θεοῖς ἐξαίρετον, ἀνθρώποις δʼ οὐ δυνατόν; ἁπάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐγκρατεῖς ὄντας κυρίους εἶναι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἔχειν καὶ δοῦναι τοῖς ἄλλοις, φλαῦρον δὲ μηδὲν μηδέποτʼ ἐν παντὶ τῷ αἰῶνι μήτε παθεῖν μήτε μελλῆσαι. καὶ μὴν ὑποκειμένων τούτων, ὥσπερ προσήκει, σκοπεῖτε τὰ ὑμέτερʼ αὐτῶν πρὸς τὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων.
4.7. No one, for instance, is so foolish as to assert that what has befallen either the Spartans, whom I never advised, or the Persians, whom I never even visited, is preferable to your present lot. I pass over the Cappadocians, the Syrians, and the beings who inhabit the land of India toward the ends of the earth, all of whom have had the misfortune to suffer many terrible and grievous afflictions.
4.7. οὐδεὶς γὰρ οὕτως ἐστὶν ἀγνώμων, ὅστις ἂν ἢ τὰ Λακεδαιμονίοις συμβεβηκότα, οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ συνεβούλευον, ἢ τὰ Πέρσαις, πρὸς οὓς οὐδʼ ἀφικόμην πώποτε, αἱρετώτερα φήσειεν εἶναι τῶν ὑμῖν παρόντων. καὶ ἐῶ Καππαδόκας καὶ Σύρους καὶ τοὺς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν χώραν κατοικοῦντας ἀνθρώπους ἐπʼ ἔσχατα γῆς· οἷς ἅπασι συμβέβηκε πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ πεπονθέναι καὶ χαλεπά.
4.8. O yes, by Zeus, all will agree that you are faring better than these, but worse, they declare, than the Thessalians, Argives and Arcadians, or certain others, who had the luck to be in alliance with Philip. But you have come off far better than these, not only because you have not been reduced to slavery—and yet what blessing equals that?—but also because, while all those are thought to be responsible for the evils that have befallen the Greeks through Philip and their enslavement, in consequence of which they are hated with good reason, you are seen to have struggled in defence of the Greeks at the expense of your lives, your property, your city, your territory and all you possess, in return for which you are entitled to glory and undying gratitude from all lovers of justice.
4.8. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία τούτων μὲν ἄμεινον ὑμᾶς πράττειν ἅπαντες ὁμολογήσουσι, Θετταλῶν δὲ καὶ Ἀργείων καὶ Ἀρκάδων χεῖρον, ἤ τινων ἄλλων, οἷς ἐν συμμαχίᾳ συνέβη γενέσθαι Φιλίππῳ. ἀλλὰ τούτων καὶ πολὺ βέλτιον ἀπηλλάχατε, οὐ μόνον τῷ μὴ δεδουλευκέναι ʽκαίτοι τί τηλικοῦθʼ ἕτερον;ʼ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ τοὺς μὲν πάντας αἰτίους εἶναι δοκεῖν τῶν τοῖς Ἕλλησι κακῶν συμβεβηκότων διὰ Φιλίππου καὶ τῆς δουλείας, ἐξ ὧν εἰκότως μισοῦνται, ὑμᾶς δʼ ὁρᾶσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ σώμασι καὶ χρήμασι καὶ πόλει καὶ χώρᾳ καὶ πᾶσιν ἠγωνισμένους, ἀνθʼ ὧν εὔκλειαν εἰκὸς ὑπάρχειν καὶ χάριν ἀθάνατον παρὰ τῶν τὰ δίκαια βουλομένων ποιεῖν.
4.9. Therefore, as a result of the counsels I gave, it has been the city’s good fortune to fare best of all the states that resisted Philip and there is the added gain of standing in higher repute than those who co-operated with him.
4.9. οὐκοῦν ἀφʼ ὧν ἐγὼ συνεβούλευσα, τῶν μὲν ἀντιστάντων ἄριστα πράττειν τῇ πόλει συμβέβηκεν, τῶν δὲ συνηγωνισμένων ἐνδοξοτέραν εἶναι περίεστιν.
4.10. On these grounds, therefore, the gods, while giving favorable oracles to you, are turning back the unjust slander upon the head of him who utters it, and any man would recognize the facts if he chose to examine the practices in which he spends his life. For instance, he does by preference the very things that one might invoke upon him as a curse.
4.10. τοιγαροῦν ἐπὶ τούτοις οἱ θεοὶ τὰς μὲν μαντείας τὰς ἀγαθὰς ὑμῖν διδόασι, τὴν δʼ ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσιν. γνοίη δʼ ἄν τις, εἰ προέλοιτʼ ἐξετάσαι τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματʼ ἐν οἷς ζῇ.
4.11. He is an enemy to his own parents but a friend to Pausanias the whoremonger, and though he swaggers like a man he allows himself to be used like a woman. He lords it over his own father but submits to degenerates. He regales his fancy with things by which all are disgusted, with foul language and with stories by which his hearers are pained; yet he never ceases to talk, as if he were a simple fellow and the soul of frankness.
4.11. ἃ γὰρ ἂν καταράσαιτό τις αὐτῷ, ταῦτʼ ἐκ προαιρέσεως ποιεῖ. ἐχθρὸς μέν ἐστι τοῖς γονεῦσι, φίλος δὲ Παυσανίᾳ τῷ πόρνῳ· καὶ θρασύνεται μὲν ὡς ἀνήρ, πάσχει δʼ ὡς γυνή· καὶ τοῦ μὲν πατρός ἐστι κρείττων, τῶν δʼ αἰσχρῶν ἥττων· οἷς δʼ ὑπὸ πάντων δυσχεραίνεται, τούτοις τὴν διάνοιαν ἀγάλλεται, αἰσχρορρημοσύνῃ καὶ τῷ διηγεῖσθαι ταῦτʼ ἐφʼ οἷς ἀλγοῦσιν οἱ ἀκούοντες· ὁ δʼ, ὡς ἀφελὴς καὶ παρρησίας μεστός, οὐ παύεται.
4.12. I would not have written this had I not wished to stir in you the recollection of the vices that attach to him. For many terrible and shameful things, which a man would shrink from telling and would guard against mentioning in writing and, as I think, would be disgusted to hear of, each one of you, reminded by these words, knows to attach to this man, so that nothing indecent has been uttered by me and this man upon sight is a reminder to all of his own vices. Farewell.
4.12. καὶ ταῦτʼ οὐκ ἂν ἔγραψα, εἰ μὴ κινῆσαι τὴν ἐν ὑμῖν μνήμην τῶν προσόντων αὐτῷ κακῶν ἠβουλόμην. ἃ γὰρ εἰπεῖν ἄν τις ὀκνήσαι καὶ γράψαι φυλάξαιτʼ ἄν, οἶμαι δὲ κἂν ἀκούσαντα δυσχερᾶναι, ταῦτʼ ἀπὸ τούτων μνησθεὶς οἶδεν ἕκαστος ὑμῶν πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ καὶ αἰσχρὰ τούτῳ προσόντα, ὥστʼ ἐμοί τε μηδὲν ἀναιδὲς εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ τοῦτον ὑπόμνημα τῶν ἑαυτοῦ κακῶν ὀφθέντα πᾶσιν εἶναι. εὐτυχεῖτε.
5.1. Demosthenes sends his good wishes to Heracleodorus. I am at a loss to know whether I ought to believe or disbelieve the news that Menecrates brings me. For he said that information had been laid against Epitimus, that Aratus had taken him to prison and that you were supporting the prosecution and were the most uncompromising of all toward him. I do beseech you in the name of Zeus the god of friendship and by all the gods not to get me involved in any disagreeable and embarrassing predicament.
5.1. Δημοσθένης Ἡρακλεοδώρῳ εὖ πράττειν. οὔθʼ ὅπως χρὴ πιστεύειν οἷς ἀπήγγελλέ μοι Μενεκράτης οὔθʼ ὅπως ἀπιστεῖν, ἔχω. ἔφη γὰρ Ἐπίτιμον ἐνδεδεῖχθαι μὲν καὶ ἀπῆχθαι ὑπʼ Ἀράτου, σὲ δʼ ἀγωνίζεσθαι καὶ ἁπάντων αὐτῷ χαλεπώτατον εἶναι. δέομαι δή σου πρὸς Διὸς ξενίου καὶ πάντων τῶν θεῶν, μή με καταστήσῃς ἀηδεῖ καὶ δεινῷ μηδενὶ περιπετῆ.
5.2. For be well assured that, apart from my concern for the safety of Epitimus and my belief that it will be a great misfortune if anything should happen to him and you should be partly responsible for it, I am ashamed to face people who are familiar with the reports I have been making to everybody concerning yourself. I was convinced that I spoke the truth, not because I possessed confirmation from having associated with you, but because I observed that, while gaining some renown, you were also glad to have an education, and that too in the school of Plato, the one that really has nothing to do with getting the better of people and the quackeries that concern themselves with this, but has been demonstrated to aim at the highest excellence and perfect justice in all things.
5.2. εὖ γὰρ ἴσθι, χωρὶς τοῦ μέλειν μοι τῆς Ἐπιτίμου σωτηρίας καὶ νομίσαι μεγάλην ἂν συμφοράν, εἴ τι πάθοι καὶ τούτου σὺ συναίτιος εἴης, αἰσχύνομαι τοὺς συνειδότας μοι τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἐγὼ περὶ σοῦ πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους ἔλεγον, πεπεικὼς ἐμαυτὸν ἀληθῆ λέγειν, οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ πεπλησιακέναι σοι πεῖραν ἔχων, ἀλλʼ ὁρῶν ὅτι δόξης ἐπιτυγχάνων καὶ παιδείαν ἀπεδέχου, καὶ ταῦτα τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Πλάτωνος διατριβῆς, ἥπερ ἐστὶν ὡς ἀληθῶς τῶν μὲν πλεονεκτημάτων καὶ τῶν περὶ ταῦτα σοφισμάτων ἔξω, τοῦ βελτίστου δὲ καὶ τοῦ δικαιοτάτου πάνθʼ ἕνεκʼ ἐξητασμένη·
5.3. By the gods I swear that it is impious for a man who has shared in this instruction not to be free from all deception and honest in all dealings.
5.3. ἧς μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς τῷ μετασχόντι μὴ οὐχὶ ἀψευδεῖν καὶ πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀγαθῷ εἶναι οὐχ ὅσιον ἡγοῦμαι.
5.4. It would also be to me one of the most grievous disappointments if, after having started out to feel friendly toward you, I should be compelled to take the opposite decision instead, and if I assume that I have been slighted and deceived, even if I shall deny it, believe me, it will be so.
5.4. γένοιτο δʼ ἄν μοι κἀκεῖνο τῶν χαλεπωτάτων, εἰ παρωρμηκὼς ἐμαυτὸν εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχειν σοι τὴν ἐναντίαν γνώμην μεταλαβεῖν ἀναγκασθείην, οἷα δὴ ὑπολαμβάνων παρεωρᾶσθαι καὶ πεφενακίσθαι. κἂν μὴ φῶ, νόμιζέ μʼ οὕτως ἕξειν.
5.5. If you have looked down upon us because we are not yet among the foremost men, reflect that you too were once a young man of the same age as we are now, and that you have reached your present position through speech and action in public life. Such success may attend me also. For deliberative oratory I have mastered already and, with Fortune lending a hand, the practical experience also may follow.
5.5. εἰ δʼ ἡμῶν καταπεφρόνηκας ὅτι τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ἐσμέν πω, λόγισαι ὅτι καὶ σύ ποτʼ ἦσθα νέος καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν εἶχες ἣν ἡμεῖς νῦν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ συμβουλεύειν καὶ πράττειν γεγένησαι τηλικοῦτος. κἂν ἡμῖν τοῦτο συμβαίη. τὸ μὲν γὰρ εὖ βουλεύεσθαι πάρεστιν, τῆς δὲ τύχης συλλαμβανούσης καὶ τοὔργον γένοιτʼ ἄν. καλὸς οὖν ἔρανος χάρις δικαία· ἣν καὶ σὺ ποίησαι πρὸς ἐμέ.
5.6. Now a fine tribute, a just return. Please make me this recompense. Neither allow yourself to be led by one of those whose judgement is inferior to your own nor submit to them, but try to bring those men around to your way of thinking, and so conduct yourself that we may not have to give up any of our judgements of you that were assumed to be true, but that for Epitimus some deliverance may be found and release from his perils. I too shall be on hand at whatever time you shall say is the fitting moment. Send me a written message or rather command me as a friend. Farewell.
5.6. καὶ μηδʼ ὑφʼ ἑνὸς τῶν σοῦ φρονούντων χεῖρον ἄγου μηδʼ ἡττῶ, ἀλλʼ ἐκείνους ἄγʼ ἐπὶ τὰ σοὶ δοκοῦντα· καὶ πρᾶττε οὕτως ὅπως μηδενὸς τῶν ὁμολογηθέντων στερηθῶμεν, ἀλλʼ Ἐπιτίμῳ γένηται σωτηρία τις καὶ ἀπαλλαγὴ τῶν κινδύνων. παρέσομαι δʼ εἰς τὸν χρόνον κἀγώ, καθʼ ὃν ⟨ἂν⟩ σὺ φῇς καιρὸν εἶναι. γράψας δέ μοι πέμψον, ἢ καὶ ὡς φίλῳ ἐπίστελλε. εὐτύχει.
6.1. Demosthenes to the Council and the Assembly sends greeting. A letter has come from Antiphilus to the councillors of the allies, which, while satisfactorily phrased for those who wish to have good news in prospect, leaves many items unacceptable to those who toady to Antipater. These men, taking along with them the dispatch from Antipater that came to Corinth addressed to Deinarchus, have filled all the cities in the Peloponnesus with such reports as I pray that the gods may turn back upon their own heads.
6.1. Δημοσθένης τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δημῷ χαίρειν. ἦλθεν ἐπιστολὴ παρʼ Ἀντιφίλου πρὸς τοὺς τῶν συμμάχων συνέδρους, τοῖς μὲν βουλομένοις ἀγαθὰ προσδοκᾶν ἱκανῶς γεγραμμένη, τοῖς δʼ ὑπηρετοῦσιν Ἀντιπάτρῳ πολλοὺς καὶ δυσχερεῖς ἀπολείπουσα λόγους, οἳ παραλαβόντες τὰ παρʼ Ἀντιπάτρου γράμματα πρὸς Δείναρχον εἰς Κόρινθον ἐλθόντα, ἁπάσας τὰς ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ πόλεις τοιούτων λόγων ἔπλησαν οἵων εἰς κεφαλὴν αὐτοῖς τρέψειαν οἱ θεοί.
6.2. The man who now presents himself to you along with the bearer of this letter from me, having come from Polemaestus to the latter’s brother Epinicus, a man well disposed toward you and a friend of mine, was by him in turn brought to me. After I heard his story it seemed to me best to send him to you in order that, having heard a clear account of all that had happened in the camp from one who was present in the battle, you may be of good cheer for the present and assume that, the gods being willing, the final outcome will be as you wish. Farewell.
6.2. ἀφικομένου δὲ τοῦ νῦν ἥκοντος μετὰ τοῦ παρʼ ἐμοῦ φέροντος γράμματα παρὰ Πολεμαίστου πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἐπίνικον, ἄνδρʼ ὑμῖν εὔνουν καὶ ἐμοὶ φίλον, κἀκείνου πρὸς ἔμʼ ἀγαγόντος, ἀκούσαντί μοι ἃ ἔλεγεν ἐδόκει πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτὸν ἀποστεῖλαι, ὅπως πάντα σαφῶς ἀκούσαντες τὰ ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ γεγονότα τοῦ περὶ τὴν μάχην παραγεγενημένου τό τʼ εἰς τὸ παρὸν θαρρῆτε, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν θεῶν θελόντων ὡς βούλεσθʼ ἕξειν ὑπολαμβάνητε. εὐτυχεῖτε.