---
title: "On Halonnesus · Περὶ Ἀλοννήσου"
author: "Demosthenes"
translator: "James Herbert Vince"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
section: 1 of 1
url: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-on-halonnesus/1/
cite: "Demosthenes, tr. James Herbert Vince, On Halonnesus · Περὶ Ἀλοννήσου, section 1. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-on-halonnesus/1/"
---

# On Halonnesus · Περὶ Ἀλοννήσου

*Demosthenes, tr. James Herbert Vince*

Philip offers to “give” Athens the island of Halonnesus; the speaker insists Athens should “take it back”.

> Greek: ed. Samuel Henry Butcher, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0014.tlg007, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: James Herbert Vince, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0014.tlg007.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 1. Sections 1–46

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-on-halonnesus/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-on-halonnesus/1/#p-N

[¶0] 1. Men of Athens, the charges that Philip brings against the speakers who here uphold your claims shall never deter us from offering our advice on what concerns your interests; for it would be monstrous if the freedom of utterance which is the privilege of this platform should be stifled by dispatches from him. But for myself, men of Athens, I wish first to touch upon the different points of his letter, and then to add my comments on the speeches of his ambassadors.

> Greek: 1. ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως αἱ αἰτίαι, ἃς Φίλιππος αἰτιᾶται τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγοντας, κωλύσουσι συμβούλους ἡμᾶς γίγνεσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑμῖν συμφερόντων· δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη, εἰ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος παρρησίαν αἱ παρʼ ἐκείνου πεμπόμεναι ἐπιστολαὶ ἀνέλοιεν. ἐγὼ δʼ ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, βούλομαι πρῶτον μὲν περὶ ὧν Φίλιππος ἐπέσταλκε, περὶ τούτων διεξελθεῖν· ὕστερον δέ, περὶ ὧν οἱ πρέσβεις λέγουσι, καὶ ἡμεῖς λέξομεν.

[¶1] 2. Philip begins by saying that he offers you Halonnesus as his own property, but that you have no right to demand it of him, because it was not yours when he took it, and is not yours now that he holds it. Moreover, when we ambassadors visited him, he used similar language, to the effect that he had captured the island from pirates and that therefore it belonged absolutely to him.

> Greek: 2. Φίλιππος γὰρ ἄρχεται μὲν περὶ Ἁλοννήσου λέγων ὡς ὑμῖν δίδωσιν ἑαυτοῦ οὖσαν, ὑμᾶς δὲ οὔ φησι δικαίως αὐτὸν ἀπαιτεῖν· οὐ γὰρ ὑμετέραν οὖσαν οὔτε λαβεῖν οὔτε νῦν ἔχειν. ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοιούτους λόγους, ὅτε πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπρεσβεύσαμεν, ὡς λῃστὰς ἀφελόμενος ταύτην τὴν νῆσον κτήσαιτο, καὶ προσήκειν αὐτὴν ἑαυτοῦ εἶναι.

[¶2] 3. It is not difficult to refute this claim on the ground of its unfairness. For all pirates seize places belonging to others and turn them into strongholds from which to harry their neighbors. But a man who should defeat and punish pirates would surely be unreasonable, if he said that the stolen property wrongfully held by them passed thereby into his own possession.

> Greek: 3. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν λόγον, ὡς οὐκ ἔστι δίκαιος, οὐ χαλεπόν ἐστιν αὐτοῦ ἀφελέσθαι. ἅπαντες γὰρ οἱ λῃσταὶ τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους τόπους καταλαμβάνοντες καὶ τούτους ἐχυροὺς ποιούμενοι, ἐντεῦθεν τοὺς ἄλλους κακῶς ποιοῦσιν. ὁ δὴ τοὺς λῃστὰς τιμωρησάμενος καὶ κρατήσας οὐκ ἂν δήπου εἰκότα λέγοι, εἰ φαίη, ἃ ἐκεῖνοι ἀδίκως καὶ ἀλλότρια εἶχον, ταῦθʼ ἑαυτοῦ γίγνεσθαι.

[¶3] 4. For, that plea once granted, if some pirates seize a strip of Attic territory, or a part of Lemnos or Imbros or Scyros, and if someone dislodges these pirates, what is to prevent this place, where the pirates are established and which is really ours, from becoming the property of those who chastised them?

> Greek: 4. εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα συγχωρήσετε, τί κωλύει, καὶ εἴ τινα τῆς Ἀττικῆς λῃσταὶ τόπον καταλάβοιεν ἢ Λήμνου ἢ Ἴμβρου ἢ Σκύρου, καί τινες τούτους τοὺς λῃστὰς ἐκκόψαιεν, εὐθὺς καὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον, οὗ ἦσαν οἱ λῃσταί, τὸν ὄντα ἡμέτερον, τῶν τιμωρησαμένων τοὺς λῃστὰς γίγνεσθαι;

[¶4] 5. Philip is quite aware that his claim is unjust, but, though he knows this as well as anyone, he thinks that you may be hoodwinked by the men who have engaged, and are now fulfilling their engagement, to direct Athenian policy in accordance with his own desires. Nor again does he fail to see that in either case, however you dub the transaction, the island will be yours, whether it is presented or restored to you.

> Greek: 5. Φίλιππος δʼ οὐκ ἀγνοεῖ ταῦτʼ οὐ δίκαια λέγων, ἀλλʼ εἰ καί τις ἄλλος ἐπιστάμενος παρακρουσθῆναι ἂν ὑμᾶς οἴεται ὑπὸ τῶν τἀνταῦθα διοικήσειν, ὡς ἂν αὐτὸς ἐκεῖνος βούληται, καὶ πρὶν ὑπεσχημένων, καὶ νῦν δὲ πραττόντων. ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνό γε λανθάνει αὐτόν, ὅτι διʼ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ὀνομάτων, ὁποτέρῳ ἂν χρῆσθε, ὑμεῖς ἕξετε τὴν νῆσον, ἄν τε λάβητε ἄν τʼ ἀπολάβητε.

[¶5] 6. Then what does he gain by using the wrong term and making a present of it to you, instead of using the right term and restoring it? It is not that he wants to debit you with a benefaction received, for such a benefaction would be a farce; but that he wants all Greece to take notice that the Athenians are content to receive maritime strongholds from the man of Macedon. And that is just what you, men of Athens, must not do.

> Greek: 6. τί οὖν αὐτῷ διαφέρει, μὴ τῷ δικαίῳ ὀνόματι χρησάμενον ἀποδοῦναι ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ δωρεὰν δεδωκέναι, τῷ ἀδίκῳ; οὐχ ἵνʼ εὐεργέτημά τι καταλογίσηται πρὸς ὑμᾶς (γελοῖον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τοῦτο τὸ εὐεργέτημα), ἀλλʼ ἵνʼ ἐνδείξηται ἅπασι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ὅτι Ἀθηναῖοι τὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ χωρία ἀγαπῶσι παρὰ τοῦ Μακεδόνος λαμβάνοντες. τοῦτο δʼ ὑμῖν οὐ ποιητέον ἐστίν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι.

[¶6] 7. But when he says that he is willing to arbitrate, he is merely mocking you. In the first place, he expects Athenians to refer to arbitration, as against this upstart from Pella, the question whether the islands are yours or his. If you cannot preserve your maritime possessions by your might that once saved Hellas, but rely on any jury to whom you refer it, and whose verdict is final, to preserve them for you, provided always that Philip does not buy their votes, is it not an open confession, when you adopt this policy, that you have abandoned everything on the mainland, and are you not advertising to the world that there is not a single thing for the sake of which you will appeal to arms, if indeed for your possessions on the sea, where you say your strength lies, you shall appeal, not to arms, but to the law-courts?

> Greek: 7. ὅταν δὲ λέγῃ περὶ τούτων ὡς ἐθέλει διαδικάσασθαι, οὐδὲν ἀλλʼ ἢ χλευάζει ὑμᾶς, πρῶτον μὲν ἀξιῶν Ἀθηναίους ὄντας πρὸς τὸν ἐκ Πέλλης ὁρμώμενον περὶ τῶν νήσων διαδικάζεσθαι, πότερʼ ὑμέτεραι ἢ ἐκείνου εἰσίν. ὁπότε γὰρ ἡ μὲν δύναμις ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ἐλευθερώσασα τοὺς Ἕλληνας, μὴ δύναται ὑμῖν τὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ χωρία σῴζειν, οἱ δὲ δικασταί, οἷς ἂν ἐπιτρέψητε, οἱ κύριοι τῆς ψήφου, οὗτοι ὑμῖν σώσουσιν, ἐὰν μὴ Φίλιππος αὐτοὺς πρίηται, πῶς ὑμεῖς οὐχ ὁμολογουμένως, ὅταν ταῦτα διαπράττησθε, τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ ἁπάντων ἀφεστήκατε, καὶ ἐπιδείκνυτε ἅπασιν ἀνθρώποις ὅτι οὐδὲ περὶ ἑνὸς αὐτῷ διαγωνιεῖσθε, εἴγε περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ, οὗ φατὲ ἰσχύειν, μὴ διαγωνιεῖσθε, ἀλλὰ δικάσεσθε;

[¶7] 9. Then again he says that he has sent envoys to arrange with you an inter-state legal compact, and that this compact will be valid, not as soon as it is ratified by the body of Athenian jurors, as the law directs, but only after it has been referred to him, thus constituting himself a court of appeal from your decision. His object, of course, is to steal a march on you, and to insert in the compact an admission on your part that none of the wrongs committed at Potidaea are charged against him by you as the injured party, but that you confirm his seizure and retention of that city as lawful.

> Greek: 9. ἔτι περὶ συμβόλων φησὶ πεπομφέναι πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοὺς ποιησομένους, ταῦτα δὲ κύρια ἔσεσθαι, οὐκ ἐπειδὰν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ τῷ παρʼ ὑμῖν κυρωθῇ, ὥσπερ ὁ νόμος κελεύει, ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὰν ὡς ἑαυτὸν ἐπανενεχθῇ, ἐφέσιμον τὴν παρʼ ὑμῶν γενομένην γνῶσιν ὡς ἑαυτὸν ποιούμενος. βούλεται γὰρ ὑμῶν τοῦτο προλαβεῖν καὶ ὁμολογούμενον ἐν τοῖς συμβόλοις καταστῆσαι, ὅτι τῶν περὶ Ποτείδαιαν γεγενημένων ἀδικημάτων οὐδὲν ἐγκαλεῖτε αὐτῷ ὡς ἀδικούμενοι, ἀλλὰ βεβαιοῦτε δικαίως αὐτὴν ἐκεῖνον καὶ λαβεῖν καὶ κεκτῆσθαι.

[¶8] 10. Yet Athenians, settled at Potidaea, were robbed of their property by Philip, though they were not at war but in alliance with him, and though he had duly pledged his word to all the inhabitants of that city. Of course he wants to get his many illegal acts everywhere confirmed by a declaration on your part that you bring no charge against him and do not consider yourselves wronged;

> Greek: 10. καίτοι Ἀθηναίων οἱ ἐν Ποτειδαίᾳ κατοικοῦντες, οὐκ ὄντος αὐτοῖς πολέμου πρὸς Φίλιππον, ἀλλὰ συμμαχίας, καὶ ὅρκων ὀμωμοσμένων, οὓς Φίλιππος τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐν Ποτειδαίᾳ ὤμοσεν, ἀφῃρέθησαν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τὰ κτήματα. ταῦτα δὴ βούλεται τἀδικήματα πανταχῶς παρʼ ὑμῖν βεβαιώσασθαι, ὅτι οὔτʼ ἐγκαλεῖτε οὔθʼ ἡγεῖσθε ἀδικεῖσθαι·

[¶9] 11. for that Macedonians need no inter-state compact with Athenians let past history be your witness, since neither Amyntas, the father of Philip, nor the earlier kings ever made any such compact with our city, though intercourse between the two nations was more frequent then than now.

> Greek: 11. ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε συμβόλων οὐδὲν δέονται Μακεδόνες πρὸς Ἀθηναίους, ὁ παρεληλυθὼς ὑμῖν χρόνος τεκμήριον γενέσθω· οὔτε γὰρ Ἀμύντας ὁ πατὴρ ὁ Φιλίππου οὔθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι βασιλεῖς οὐδεπώποτε σύμβολα ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἡμετέραν.

[¶10] 12. For Macedonia was under our sway and tributary to us, and we used each other’s markets more freely then than at present, and mercantile suits were not then, as now, settled strictly every month, making a formal compact between such distant parties unnecessary.

> Greek: 12. καίτοι πλείους γε ἦσαν αἱ ἐπιμειξίαι τότε πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἢ νῦν εἰσίν· ὑφʼ ἡμῖν γὰρ ἦν ἡ Μακεδονία καὶ φόρους ἡμῖν ἔφερον, καὶ τοῖς ἐμπορίοις τότε μᾶλλον ἢ νῦν ἡμεῖς τε τοῖς ἐκεῖ κἀκεῖνοι τοῖς παρʼ ἡμῖν ἐχρῶντο, καὶ ἐμπορικαὶ δίκαι οὐκ ἦσαν, ὥσπερ νῦν, ἀκριβεῖς, αἱ κατὰ μῆνα, ποιοῦσαι μηδὲν δεῖσθαι συμβόλων τοὺς τοσοῦτον ἀλλήλων ἀπέχοντας.

[¶11] 13. However, there was no such compact, and it would not have paid to make one which would entail a voyage from Macedonia to Athens or from Athens to Macedonia in order to obtain satisfaction. Instead, we sought redress in Macedonia under their laws and they at Athens under ours. So do not forget that the real object of this proposed compact is to get your admission that you have no reasonable claim to Potidaea.

> Greek: 13. ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὐδενὸς τοιούτου ὄντος τότε, οὐκ ἐλυσιτέλει σύμβολα ποιησαμένους οὔτʼ ἐκ Μακεδονίας πλεῖν Ἀθήναζε δίκας ληψομένους, οὔθʼ ἡμῖν εἰς Μακεδονίαν, ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς τε τοῖς ἐκεῖ νομίμοις ἐκεῖνοί τε τοῖς παρʼ ἡμῖν τὰς δίκας ἐλάμβανον. μὴ οὖν ἀγνοεῖτε ὅτι τὰ σύμβολα ταῦτα γίγνεται εἰς ὑποδοχὴν τοῦ μηδʼ ἀμφισβητῆσαι εὐλόγως ὑμᾶς ἔτι Ποτειδαίας.

[¶12] 14. As for the pirates, he says that it is only fair that we should join him in clearing the sea of these depredators, who injure you as much as himself; which amounts to a claim that you should set him up as a maritime power and confess that without Philip’s help you cannot keep the high seas safe, and furthermore that he should have a free hand to cruise about and anchor off the different islands and, under pretence of protecting them from pirates, bribe the islanders to revolt from you. Not content with getting your commanders to carry refugees from Macedonia to Thasos, he claims the right to appropriate the other islands also, and sends agents to accompany your commanders, as if to share with you the task of policing the seas.

> Greek: 14. περὶ δὲ τῶν λῃστῶν δίκαιόν φησιν εἶναι κοινῇ φυλάττειν τοὺς ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ κακουργοῦντας ὑμᾶς τε καὶ αὑτόν, οὐδὲν ἀλλʼ ἢ τοῦτʼ ἀξιῶν, ὑφʼ ὑμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν κατασταθῆναι, καὶ ὁμολογῆσαι ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄνευ Φιλίππου οὐδὲ τὴν ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ φυλακὴν δυνατοί ἐστε φυλάττειν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ δοθῆναι αὐτῷ ταύτην τὴν ἄδειαν, περιπλέοντι καὶ ὁρμιζομένῳ εἰς τὰς νήσους ἐπὶ προφάσει τῇ τῶν λῃστῶν φυλακῇ διαφθείρειν τοὺς νησιώτας καὶ ἀφιστάναι ὑμῶν, καὶ μὴ μόνον τοὺς φυγάδας τοὺς παρʼ ἑαυτοῦ εἰς Θάσον κεκομικέναι διὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων στρατηγῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας νήσους οἰκειώσασθαι, συμπέμπων τοὺς συμπλευσομένους μετὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν τῶν ὑμετέρων ὡς κοινωνήσοντας τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν φυλακῆς.

[¶13] 16. And yet some people say that he has no use for the sea! Why, this man who has no use for the sea is laying down war-ships and building docks, and is ready to send out fleets and incur considerable expense in facing risks at sea, and all for objects that he does not value!

> Greek: 16. καίτοι οὔ φασί τινες αὐτὸν προσδεῖσθαι τῆς θαλάττης. ὁ δʼ οὐδὲν δεόμενος τριήρεις κατασκευάζεται, καὶ νεωσοίκους οἰκοδομεῖται, καὶ ἀποστόλους ἀποστέλλειν βούλεται, καὶ δαπάνας οὐ μικρὰς δαπανᾶν εἰς τοὺς κατὰ θάλατταν κινδύνους, ὧν οὐδὲν προτιμᾷ.

[¶14] 17. Men of Athens, do you suppose that Philip would insist on your making such concessions to him, if he did not despise you and put complete confidence in his friends here, whom he has made it his policy to conciliate? They are not ashamed to devote their lives to Philip rather than to their own country, and they think that when they take his gifts they are taking them home—though they are selling everything at home.

> Greek: 17. ταῦτʼ οἴεσθʼ ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, Φίλιππον ἀξιῶσαι ὑμᾶς συγχωρῆσαι αὐτῷ, εἰ μὴ ὑμῶν μὲν κατεφρόνει, οὓς δʼ ἐνθάδε προῄρηται φίλους κεκτῆσθαι, τούτοις διεπίστευεν; οἳ οὐκ αἰσχύνονται Φιλίππῳ ζῶντες καὶ οὐ τῇ αὑτῶν πατρίδι, καὶ τὰς παρʼ ἐκείνου δωρειὰς λαμβάνοντες οἴονται οἴκαδε λαμβάνειν, τὰ οἴκοι πωλοῦντες.

[¶15] 18. With regard to the amendment of the peace, Philip’s ambassadors conceded to us the right to amend it, and our amendment, universally admitted to be fair, was that each side should retain its own possessions. But he now contends that he never agreed to this, and that his ambassadors never even raised the point. This simply means that his friends here have persuaded him that you have no memory for what has been stated publicly in the Assembly.

> Greek: 18. περὶ δὲ τῆς ἐπανορθώσεως τῆς εἰρήνης, ἣν ἔδοσαν ἡμῖν οἱ πρέσβεις οἱ παρʼ ἐκείνου πεμφθέντες ἐπανορθώσασθαι, ὅτι ἐπηνωρθωσάμεθα, ὃ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὁμολογεῖται δίκαιον εἶναι, ἑκατέρους ἔχειν τὰ ἑαυτῶν, ἀμφισβητεῖ μὴ δεδωκέναι μηδὲ τοὺς πρέσβεις ταῦτʼ εἰρηκέναι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, οὐδὲν ἀλλʼ ἢ πεπεισμένος ὑπὸ τούτων, οἷς χρῆται φίλοις, ὡς ὑμεῖς οὐ μνημονεύετε τὰ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ εἰρημένα.

[¶16] 19. But that is just the one thing that you cannot have forgotten; for at the same meeting of the Assembly Philip’s ambassadors put his case before you and the decree was duly proposed, so that, as the decree was recited immediately after the conclusion of the speeches, it was impossible for you to pass at once a resolution which gives the lie to the ambassadors. So it is not against me but against you that his letter is aimed, alleging that you have sent back to him your decision on questions that were never put before you.

> Greek: 19. μόνον δὲ τοῦτο οὐχ οἷόν τε ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἀμνημονῆσαι· ἐν γὰρ τῇ αὐτῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ οἱ πρέσβεις ὑμῖν οἱ παρʼ ἐκείνου ἥκοντες διελέγοντο καὶ τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγράφη. ὥστʼ οὐχ οἷόν τε, παραχρῆμα τῶν λόγων εἰρημένων καὶ εὐθὺς τοῦ ψηφίσματος ἐπαναγιγνωσκομένου, τὴν καταψευδομένην γνώμην τῶν πρέσβεων, ταύτην ὑμᾶς χειροτονῆσαι· ὥστε τοῦτο μὲν οὐ κατʼ ἐμοῦ, ἀλλὰ καθʼ ὑμῶν ἐπέσταλκεν, ὡς ὑμεῖς περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἠκούσατε, περὶ τούτων ἀποκρινάμενοι τὴν γνώμην ἀπεστείλατε.

[¶17] 20. Why, the ambassadors themselves, whom your resolution flatly contradicted, when you read them your answer and offered them hospitality, did not venture to come forward and say, “You misrepresent us, men of Athens; you say we have said something that we never did say.” No; they held their tongues and took their leave. But I want, men of Athens—for Pytho, who was one of the ambassadors, made an excellent impression on you by his address—I want to recall to you the exact words he used, for I am sure you must remember them.

> Greek: 20. καὶ οἱ μὲν πρέσβεις αὐτοί, ὧν κατεψεύδετο τὸ ψήφισμα, ὅτʼ ἀπεκρίνεσθε αὐτοῖς ἀναγιγνώσκοντες καὶ ἐπὶ ξένια αὐτοὺς ἐκαλεῖτε, οὐκ ἐτόλμησαν παρελθεῖν, οὐδʼ εἰπεῖν ὅτι καταψεύδεσθε ἡμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ φατὲ ἡμᾶς εἰρηκέναι ἃ οὐκ εἰρήκαμεν, ἀλλὰ σιωπῇ ἀπιόντες ᾤχοντο. βούλομαι δʼ ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι (καὶ γὰρ ηὐδοκίμησεν ὁ Πύθων παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ δημηγορίᾳ, ὁ τότε πρεσβεύων), αὐτοὺς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἔλεγεν ὑπομνῆσαι· οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι μέμνησθε.

[¶18] 21. His language was pretty much that of Philip’s present letter. For while accusing those of us who misrepresent Philip, he at the same time blamed you because, though Philip is eager to benefit you and prefers your friendship to that of any other state, you constantly thwart him, lending an ear to false accusers, who both beg money of him and slander him; for tales of that sort, when he is told that he was traduced and that you believed what was said, make him change his mind, since he finds himself distrusted by the very people whom it has been his aim to benefit.

> Greek: 21. παραπλήσιοι δʼ ἦσαν οἷς καὶ νῦν ἐπέσταλκε Φίλιππος· ἐγκαλῶν γὰρ ἡμῖν τοῖς διαβάλλουσι τὸν Φίλιππον, καὶ ὑμῖν ἐμέμφετο ὅτι ὡρμηκότος αὐτοῦ εὖ ποιεῖν ὑμᾶς καὶ προῃρημένου μάλιστα τῶν Ἑλλήνων φίλους κεκτῆσθαι αὐτοὶ κωλύετε, ἀποδεχόμενοι τοὺς λόγους τῶν συκοφαντούντων καὶ χρήματα ἐκεῖνον αἰτούντων καὶ διαβαλλόντων· τοὺς γὰρ τοιούτους λόγους, ὅταν ἀπαγγελλόντων ἀκούῃ, ὅτι κακῶς ἤκουεν, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἀπεδέχεσθε, μεταβάλλειν αὐτοῦ τὴν γνώμην, ὅταν ἄπιστος φαίνηται τούτοις ὧν προῄρηται εὐεργέτης εἶναι.

[¶19] 22. Pytho therefore urged public speakers not to attack the peace, because it was not good policy to rescind it, but to amend any unsatisfactory clause, on the understanding that Philip was prepared to fall in with your suggestions. If, however, the speakers confined themselves to abusing Philip without drafting any proposals which, while preserving the terms of peace, might clear Philip of suspicion, he asked you to pay no attention to such fellows.

> Greek: 22. ἐκέλευεν οὖν τοὺς λέγοντας ἐν τῷ δήμῳ τῇ μὲν εἰρήνῃ μὴ ἐπιτιμᾶν· οὐ γὰρ ἄξιον εἶναι εἰρήνην λύειν· εἰ δέ τι μὴ καλῶς γέγραπται ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ, τοῦτʼ ἐπανορθώσασθαι, ὡς ἅπαντα Φίλιππον ποιήσοντα ὅσʼ ἂν ὑμεῖς ψηφίσησθε. ἂν δὲ διαβάλλωσι μέν, αὐτοὶ δὲ μηδὲν γράφωσι διʼ οὗ ἡ μὲν εἰρήνη ἔσται, παύσεται δʼ ἀπιστούμενος ὁ Φίλιππος, μὴ προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν τοῖς τοιούτοις ἀνθρώποις.

[¶20] 23. And you approved these arguments and said that Pytho was right, as indeed he was. He made these statements, however, not in order that all those advantages that Philip had paid so much money to secure might be struck out of the treaty, but because he had been so instructed by his schoolmasters here in Athens, who did not imagine that anyone would propose to annul the decree of Philocrates, which lost us Amphipolis.

> Greek: 23. καὶ τούτους τοὺς λόγους ὑμεῖς ἀκούοντες ἀπεδέχεσθε, καὶ δίκαια ἔφατε τὸν Πύθωνα λέγειν· καὶ ἦν δίκαια. ἔλεγε δὲ τούτους τοὺς λόγους, οὐχ ὅπως λυθείη ἐκ τῆς εἰρήνης ἃ ἦν ἐκείνῳ συμφέροντα καὶ ὧν πολλὰ χρήματα ἀνηλώκει ὥστε γενέσθαι, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐνθάδε διδασκάλων προδεδιδαγμένος, οἳ οὐκ ᾤοντο εἶναι τὸν γράψοντα ἐναντία τῷ Φιλοκράτους ψηφίσματι, τῷ ἀπολλύντι Ἀμφίπολιν.

[¶21] 24. As for me, men of Athens, I did not venture to propose anything that was unconstitutional, but it was not so to propose the direct contrary of Philocrates’ decree, as I can prove to you. For the decree of Philocrates, through which you lost Amphipolis, was itself contrary to the earlier decrees by which you claimed possession of that territory.

> Greek: 24. ἐγὼ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, παράνομον μὲν οὐδὲν ἐτόλμησα γράψαι, τῷ δὲ Φιλοκράτους ψηφίσματι οὐκ ἦν παράνομον τἀναντία γράφειν, ὡς ἐγὼ ἐπιδείξω· τὸ γὰρ ψήφισμα τὸ Φιλοκράτους, καθʼ ὃ ὑμεῖς ἀπώλλυτε Ἀμφίπολιν, ἐναντίον ἦν τοῖς προτέροις ψηφίσμασι, καθʼ ἃ ὑμεῖς ἐκτήσασθε ταύτην τὴν χώραν.

[¶22] 25. So it was this decree of Philocrates that was unconstitutional, nor would it have been possible to draft a constitutional proposal in conformity with his unconstitutional decree. By drafting mine to agree with the earlier decrees, which were constitutional and which also kept your territory intact, I both kept within the constitution and was able to convict Philip of trying to deceive you and of wishing, not to amend the peace, but to bring discredit on those who were pleading your cause.

> Greek: 25. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν παράνομον ἦν τὸ ψήφισμα, τὸ τοῦ Φιλοκράτους, καὶ οὐχ οἷόν τʼ ἦν τὸν τὰ ἔννομα γράφοντα ταὐτὰ τῷ παρανόμῳ ψηφίσματι γράφειν. ἐκείνοις δὲ τοῖς προτέροις ψηφίσμασι, τοῖς οὖσιν ἐννόμοις καὶ σῴζουσι τὴν ὑμετέραν χώραν, ταὐτὰ γράφων ἔννομά τʼ ἔγραψα καὶ ἐξήλεγχον τὸν Φίλιππον, ὅτι ἐξηπάτα ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐκ ἐπανορθώσασθαι ἐβούλετο τὴν εἰρήνην, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν λέγοντας ἀπίστους καταστῆσαι.

[¶23] 26. You are all aware that, after conceding the right to amend the peace, he now denies it. He says that Amphipolis is his, because your decree that he should keep what he held confirmed his right. It is true that you passed that decree, but you never admitted his right to Amphipolis, for it is possible to “hold” what belongs to another, and it is not all “holders” who hold what is their own, but many are in possession of what is really another’s. So his clever quibble is merely foolish.

> Greek: 26. καὶ ὅτι μὲν δοὺς τὴν ἐπανόρθωσιν νῦν ἔξαρνός ἐστιν, ἅπαντες ἴστε. φησὶ δʼ Ἀμφίπολιν ἑαυτοῦ εἶναι· ὑμᾶς γὰρ ψηφίσασθαι ἐκείνου εἶναι, ὅτʼ ἐψηφίζεσθε ἔχειν αὐτὸν ἃ εἶχεν. ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸ μὲν ψήφισμα τοῦτʼ ἐψηφίσασθε, οὐ μέντοι γʼ ἐκείνου εἶναι Ἀμφίπολιν· ἔστι γὰρ ἔχειν καὶ τἀλλότρια, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰ αὑτῶν ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ καὶ ἀλλότρια κέκτηνται· ὥστε τοῦτό γε τὸ σοφὸν αὐτῷ ἠλίθιόν ἐστιν.

[¶24] 27. Moreover he remembers the decree of Philocrates, but he has quite forgotten the letter sent to you when he was besieging Amphipolis, in which he admitted that Amphipolis was yours; for he said that when he had taken it he would “restore” it to you, implying that it was your property, and not that of the holders.

> Greek: 27. καὶ τοῦ μὲν Φιλοκράτους ψηφίσματος μέμνηται, τῆς δʼ ἐπιστολῆς, ἣν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔπεμψεν ὅτʼ Ἀμφίπολιν ἐπολιόρκει, ἐπιλέλησται, ἐν ᾗ ὡμολόγει τὴν Ἀμφίπολιν ὑμετέραν εἶναι· ἔφη γὰρ ἐκπολιορκήσας ὑμῖν ἀποδώσειν, ὡς οὖσαν ὑμετέραν καὶ οὐ τῶν ἐχόντων.

[¶25] 28. Apparently those who inhabited Amphipolis, before Philip took it, were holding Athenian territory; but when he has taken it, it is no longer our territory, but his own, that he holds; and in the same way at Olynthus and Apollonia and Pallene he is in possession of his own property, not that of others.

> Greek: 28. κἀκεῖνοι μέν, ὡς ἔοικεν, οἱ πρότερον ἐν Ἀμφιπόλει οἰκοῦντες πρὶν Φίλιππον λαβεῖν, τὴν Ἀθηναίων χώραν εἶχον, ἐπειδὴ δὲ Φίλιππος αὐτὴν εἴληφεν, οὐ τὴν Ἀθηναίων χώραν ἀλλὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἔχει· οὐδʼ Ὄλυνθόν γε οὐδʼ Ἀπολλωνίαν οὐδὲ Παλλήνην, οὐκ ἀλλοτρίας ἀλλὰ τὰς ἑαυτοῦ χώρας κέκτηται.

[¶26] 29. Do you not see that his letter to you is all carefully calculated, so that his words and his actions may appear to conform to the universal standard of justice, while he has really shown supreme contempt for it in claiming for himself and denying to you territory which is yours by common consent and decree of the Greeks and of the King of Persia?

> Greek: 29. ἆρʼ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ πεφυλαγμένως ἅπαντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστέλλειν, ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται καὶ λέγων καὶ πράττων ἃ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὁμολογεῖται δίκαια εἶναι, ἀλλʼ οὐ σφόδρα καταπεφρονηκέναι, ὃς τὴν χώραν, ἣν οἱ Ἕλληνες καὶ βασιλεὺς ὁ Περσῶν ἐψηφίσαντο καὶ ὡμολογήκασιν ὑμετέραν εἶναι, ταύτην φησὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ οὐχ ὑμετέραν εἶναι;

[¶27] 30. As for the other amendment which you propose to introduce, that all the Greeks who are not parties to the peace should remain free and independent, and that if they are attacked, the signatories should unite to defend them, you considered it both fair and generous that the peace should not be confined to Athens and her allies on the one side and Philip and his allies on the other, while those who are allies of neither are exposed to ruin at the hands of their stronger neighbors, but rather that your peace should extend its protection to them also, and that we should disarm and observe a real peace.

> Greek: 30. περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπανορθώματος, ὃ ὑμεῖς ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ ἐπανορθοῦσθε, τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας, ὅσοι μὴ κοινωνοῦσι τῆς εἰρήνης, ἐλευθέρους καὶ αὐτονόμους εἶναι, καὶ ἐάν τις ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς στρατεύῃ, βοηθεῖν τοὺς κοινωνοῦντας τῆς εἰρήνης, ἡγούμενοι καὶ δίκαιον τοῦτο καὶ φιλάνθρωπον, μὴ μόνον ἡμᾶς καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους τοὺς ἡμετέρους καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους τοὺς ἐκείνου ἄγειν τὴν εἰρήνην, τοὺς δὲ μήθʼ ἡμετέρους ὄντας μήτε Φιλίππου συμμάχους ἐν μέσῳ κεῖσθαι καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν κρειττόνων ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτοις διὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν εἰρήνην ὑπάρχειν σωτηρίαν, καὶ τῷ ὄντι εἰρήνην ἄγειν ἡμᾶς καταθεμένους τὰ ὅπλα,

[¶28] 32. But Philip, although, as you have heard from his letter, he admits the justice of this amendment and consents to accept it, has robbed the Pheraeans of their city, placing a garrison in their citadel, in order, I suppose, to ensure their independence; he is even now engaged in an expedition against Ambracia, and as for the three Elean colonies in Cassopia —Pandosia, Bucheta, and Elatea—he has wasted their land with fire, stormed their cities, and handed them over to be the slaves of his own kinsman, Alexander. How zealous he is for the freedom and independence of the Greeks, you may judge from his acts.

> Greek: 32. τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἐπανόρθωμα ὁμολογῶν ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ, ὡς ἀκούετε, δίκαιόν τʼ εἶναι καὶ δέχεσθαι, Φεραίων μὲν ἀφῄρηται τὴν πόλιν καὶ φρουρὰν ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει κατέστησεν, ἵνα δὴ αὐτόνομοι ὦσιν, ἐπὶ δʼ Ἀμβρακίαν στρατεύεται, τὰς δʼ ἐν Κασσωπίᾳ τρεῖς πόλεις, Πανδοσίαν καὶ Βούχετα καὶ Ἐλάτειαν, Ἠλείων ἀποικίας, κατακαύσας τὴν χώραν καὶ εἰς τὰς πόλεις βιασάμενος παρέδωκεν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷ κηδεστῇ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ δουλεύειν. σφόδρα γε βούλεται τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐλευθέρους εἶναι καὶ αὐτονόμους, ὡς δηλοῖ τὰ ἔργα.

[¶29] 33. With regard to his repeated promises to you of substantial benefits, he complains that I am slandering and defaming him in the ears of the Greeks, for he says that he has never made you any promises at all. Such is the shamelessness of the man who stated in his letter, which is still to be seen in the Council House, that if peace was made he would confer such benefits on you as would stop the mouths of us, his opponents, benefits which he said he would put down in writing, if he were sure that the peace would be made. The inference was that all the good things that we were to enjoy on the conclusion of peace were ready for immediate delivery.

> Greek: 33. περὶ δὲ τῶν ὑποσχέσεων ὧν ὑμῖν διατελεῖ ὑπισχνούμενος ὡς μεγάλα ὑμᾶς εὐεργετήσων, καταψεύδεσθαί μέ φησιν αὐτοῦ διαβάλλοντα πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας· οὐδὲν γὰρ ὑμῖν πώποτέ φησιν ὑπεσχῆσθαι. οὕτως ἀναιδής ἐστιν ὁ ἐν ἐπιστολῇ γεγραφώς, ἥ ἐστι νῦν ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ, ὅσʼ ἐπιστομιεῖν ἡμᾶς, ἔφη, τοὺς αὐτῷ ἀντιλέγοντας, ἐὰν ἡ εἰρήνη γένηται, τοσαῦτα ὑμᾶς ἀγαθὰ ποιήσειν· ἃ γράφειν ἂν ἤδη, εἰ ᾔδει τὴν εἰρήνην ἐσομένην, δῆλον ὡς προκεχειρισμένων καὶ ἑτοίμων ὄντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἃ ἐμέλλομεν πείσεσθαι τῆς εἰρήνης γενομένης.

[¶30] 34. Peace has been concluded, but all the good things that we were to enjoy are still to seek, and upon the Greeks has come such ruin as you well know. Yet he promises in the present letter that if you will only trust his friends and advocates and will punish the wicked men who traduce him to you, he will confer substantial benefits. His benefits, however, will amount to this:

> Greek: 34. γενομένης δὲ τῆς εἰρήνης, ἃ μὲν ἡμεῖς ἐμέλλομεν ἀγαθὰ πείσεσθαι, ἐκποδών ἐστι, φθορὰ δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοσαύτη γέγονεν ὅσην ὑμεῖς ἴστε. ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν τῇ νῦν ἐπιστολῇ ὑπισχνεῖται, ἐὰν τοῖς μὲν αὑτοῦ φίλοις καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ λέγουσι πιστεύητε, ἡμᾶς δὲ τοὺς διαβάλλοντας αὐτὸν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τιμωρήσησθε, ὡς μεγάλα εὐεργετήσει.

[¶31] 35. he will not restore your possessions, for he claims them as his own, and his rewards will not be delivered in this part of the world, for fear his motive should be misrepresented to the Greeks; some other country, it seems, some new quarter will be assigned for the bestowal of your rewards.

> Greek: 35. τὰ μέντοι εὐεργετήματα τοιαῦτα ἔσται· οὔτε τὰ ὑμέτερα ὑμῖν ἀποδώσει (αὑτοῦ γάρ φησιν εἶναι), οὔτʼ ἐν τῇ οἰκουμένῃ αἱ δωρειαὶ ἔσονται, ἵνα μὴ διαβληθῇ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ἀλλʼ ἄλλη τις χώρα καὶ ἄλλος, ὡς ἔοικε, τόπος φανήσεται, οὗ ὑμῖν αἱ δωρειαὶ δοθήσονται.

[¶32] 36. As for the places held by you which he took in time of peace, violating the terms and breaking his engagements, since he has not a word to say but is clearly convicted of injustice, he expresses his willingness to refer the question to a fair and impartial court. But this is the only question that needs no such reference; the calendar is sufficient to decide it.

> Greek: 36. περὶ δʼ ὧν ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ εἴληφε χωρίων, ὑμῶν ἐχόντων, παρασπονδῶν καὶ λύων τὴν εἰρήνην, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἔχει ὅ τι εἴπῃ, ἀλλʼ ἀδικῶν φανερῶς ἐξελέγχεται, ἐπιτρέπειν φησὶ περὶ τούτων ἕτοιμος εἶναι ἴσῳ καὶ κοινῷ δικαστηρίῳ· περὶ ὧν μόνων οὐδὲν δεῖ ἐπιτροπῆς, ἀλλʼ ἀριθμὸς ἡμερῶν ἐστιν ὁ κρίνων. ἅπαντες γὰρ ἴσμεν τίνι μηνὶ καὶ τίνι ἡμέρᾳ ἡ εἰρήνη ἐγένετο.

[¶33] 37. For we all know in what month and on what day the peace was made, and as surely also do we know in what month and on what day Fort Serreum and Ergisce and the Sacred Mount were captured. Surely these things were not done in a corner; they need no judicial inquiry; everyone can find out which came first, the month in which the peace was made or that in which the places were taken.

> Greek: 37. ὥσπερ δὲ ταῦτα ἴσμεν, κἀκεῖνα ἴσμεν, τίνι μηνὶ καὶ τίνι ἡμέρᾳ Σέρρειον τεῖχος καὶ Ἐργίσκη καὶ Ἱερὸν ὄρος ἑάλω. οὐ δὴ ἀφανῆ ἐστι τὰ οὕτω πραχθέντα, οὐδὲ κρίσεως δεόμενα, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι γνώριμα πότερος πρότερος ὁ μήν ἐστιν, ἐν ᾧ ἡ εἰρήνη ἐγένετο ἢ ἐν ᾧ τὰ χωρία ἑάλω.

[¶34] 38. Again, he says that he has restored all the prisoners that were taken in the war. Yet the man of Carystus, the agent of our city, for whose recovery you sent three embassies—Philip was so anxious to oblige you that he killed him and did not even allow you to recover his corpse for burial.

> Greek: 38. φησὶ δὲ καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἡμῶν, ὅσοι ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ ἑάλωσαν, ἀποδεδωκέναι· ὃς τὸν μὲν Καρύστιον, τὸν πρόξενον τῆς ἡμετέρας πόλεως, ὑπὲρ οὗ ὑμεῖς τρεῖς πρέσβεις ἐπέμψατε ἀπαιτοῦντες, τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα ἐκεῖνος οὕτω σφόδρα ὑμῖν ἐβούλετο χαρίσασθαι, ὥστʼ ἀπέκτεινε καὶ οὐδʼ ἀναίρεσιν ἔδωκεν, ἵνα ταφῇ.

[¶35] 39. With regard to the Chersonese, it is important to examine the terms of his dispatch to you and also to know what he is actually doing in the matter. For the whole of the land north of Agora, as being his own property and no concern of yours, he has handed over as a private estate to Apollonides of Cardia. Yet the boundary of the Chersonese is not Agora, but the altar of Zeus of the Marches, half way between Pteleum and the White Strand, where there was going to be a canal across the peninsula.

> Greek: 39. περὶ δὲ Χερρονήσου, ἅ τʼ ἐπιστέλλει πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἄξιόν ἐστιν ἐξετάσαι, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἃ πράττει, καὶ ταῦτʼ εἰδέναι. τὸν μὲν γὰρ τόπον ἅπαντα τὸν ἔξω Ἀγορᾶς ὡς ἑαυτοῦ ὄντα καὶ ὑμῖν οὐδὲν προσήκοντα δέδωκε καρποῦσθαι Ἀπολλωνίδῃ τῷ Καρδιανῷ. καίτοι Χερρονήσου οἱ ὅροι εἰσίν, οὐκ Ἀγορά, ἀλλὰ βωμὸς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὁρίου, ὅς ἐστι μεταξὺ Πτελεοῦ καὶ Λευκῆς ἀκτῆς, ᾗ ἡ διορυχὴ ἔμελλε Χερρονήσου ἔσεσθαι, ὥς γε τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὁρίου δηλοῖ.

[¶36] 40. This is proved by the inscription on the altar of Zeus, which runs thus:
The dwellers here have set this boundary-stone
Midway `twixt Pteleum and the Silver Strand,
And raised this altar fair, that men may own
That Zeus is Warden of our No Mans Land.

> Greek: 40. ἔστι δὲ τουτί·
τόνδε καθιδρύσαντο θεῷ περικαλλέα βωμὸν
λευκῆς καὶ Πτελεοῦ μέσσον ὅρον θέμενοι
ἐνναέται, χώρης σημήϊον· ἀμμορίης δὲ
αὐτὸς ἄναξ μακάρων ἐστὶ μέσος Κρονίδης.

[¶37] 41. This district, however, of whose extent most of you are aware, he treats as his own, enjoying part himself and bestowing part on others, and so he brings all your property under his own control. Not only does he appropriate the land north of Agora, but he also orders you in his present letter to settle by arbitration any disputes you have with the Cardians to the south of Agora—the Cardians, who are settlers in your own territory!

> Greek: 41. ταύτην μέντοι τὴν χώραν, τοσαύτην οὖσαν ὅσην οἱ πολλοὶ ὑμῶν ἴσασιν, ὡς ἑαυτοῦ οὖσαν τὴν μὲν αὐτὸς καρποῦται, τὴν δʼ ἄλλοις δωρειὰν δέδωκε, καὶ ἅπαντα τὰ κτήματα τὰ ὑμέτερα ὑφʼ αὑτῷ ποιεῖται. καὶ οὐ μόνον τὴν ἔξω Ἀγορᾶς χώραν σφετερίζεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς Καρδιανούς, οἳ οἰκοῦσιν εἴσω Ἀγορᾶς, ἐπιστέλλει ἐν τῇ νῦν ἐπιστολῇ ὡς δεῖ ὑμᾶς διαδικάζεσθαι—πρὸς Καρδιανοὺς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ—εἴ τι πρὸς αὐτοὺς διαφέρεσθε.

[¶38] 42. They have a dispute with you; see whether it is about a trifle. They say that the land they live in is not yours, but their own, and that while your possessions there are held by grace in a foreign country, theirs are their own property on their own soil, and that this is admitted in a decree of your countryman, Callippus of the Paeanian deme.

> Greek: 42. διαφέρονται δὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς, σκέψασθε εἰ περὶ μικροῦ. ἑαυτῶν φασι τὴν χώραν οὖσαν οἰκεῖν καὶ οὐχ ὑμετέραν, καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑμέτερα εἶναι ἐγκτήματα ὡς ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ, τὰ δὲ ἑαυτῶν κτήμαθʼ ὡς ἐν οἰκείᾳ, καὶ ταῦθʼ ὑμέτερον πολίτην γράψαι ἐν ψηφίσματι, Κάλλιππον Παιανιέα.

[¶39] 43. And there they speak truth, for he did propose such a decree, and when I indicted him for a breach of the constitution, you acquitted him; that is how he has brought your claim into dispute. But if and when you submit your dispute with the Cardians to arbitration, to decide whether the land is yours or theirs, why not extend the principle to the other states of the Chersonese also?

> Greek: 43. καὶ τοῦτό γʼ ἀληθῆ λέγουσιν· ἔγραψε γάρ, καὶ ἐμοῦ γʼ αὐτὸν γραψαμένου παρανόμων γραφὴν ὑμεῖς ἀπεψηφίσασθε· τοιγάρτοι ἀμφισβητήσιμον ὑμῖν τὴν χώραν κατεσκεύακεν. ὁπότε δὲ περὶ τούτου τολμήσετε πρὸς Καρδιανοὺς διαδικάζεσθαι, εἴθʼ ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν εἴτʼ ἐκείνων ἡ χώρα, διὰ τί οὐ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους Χερρονησίτας τὸ αὐτὸ δίκαιον ἔσται;

[¶40] 44. Philip’s insolence is carried so far that he says that if the Cardians decline arbitration, he will be responsible for coercing them; as if you could not compel Cardians to do anything you wanted! He will make them do it, he says, since you cannot. Are not his favors to you great and manifest?

> Greek: 44. καὶ οὕτως ὑβριστικῶς ὑμῖν κέχρηται ὥστε φήσιν, ἂν μὴ θέλωσι διαδικάζεσθαι οἱ Καρδιανοί, αὐτὸς ἀναγκάσειν, ὡς ὑμῶν γʼ οὐκ ἂν δυναμένων οὐδὲν ἀναγκάσαι Καρδιανοὺς ὑμῖν ποιῆσαι· ἐπειδὴ δʼ ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε, αὐτός φησι τοῦτʼ ἀναγκάσειν αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι. ἆρʼ οὐ μεγάλα φαίνεται ὑμᾶς εὐεργετῶν;

[¶41] 45. And this letter was actually commended by some Athenians, who merit your hatred much more than Philip. For whatever Philip does to thwart you, he is only aiming at advantage and glory for himself, but Athenians who make a parade of their goodwill to Philip, rather than to their own country, are wretches who deserve to perish at your hands unpitied, if you carry your brains in your heads and not trodden down in your heels.

> Greek: 45. καὶ ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολήν τινες εὖ ἔφασαν γεγράφθαι, οἳ πολὺ ἂν δικαιότερον ὑφʼ ὑμῶν ἢ Φίλιππος μισοῖντο. ἐκεῖνος μέν γʼ ἑαυτῷ κτώμενος δόξαν καὶ μεγάλʼ ἀγαθὰ ἅπαντα καθʼ ὑμῶν πράττει· ὅσοι δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι ὄντες μὴ τῇ πατρίδι, ἀλλὰ Φιλίππῳ εὔνοιαν ἐνδείκνυνται, προσήκει αὐτοὺς ὑφʼ ὑμῶν κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολωλέναι, εἴπερ ὑμεῖς τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ἐν τοῖς κροτάφοις καὶ μὴ ἐν ταῖς πτέρναις καταπεπατημένον φορεῖτε.

[¶42] 46. It now remains for me, in answer to this precious letter and to the speeches of the ambassadors, to propose the resolution which I conceive to be in accordance with justice and your interests.

> Greek: 46. ὑπόλοιπόν μοί ἐστιν ἔτι πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν τὴν εὖ ἔχουσαν καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν πρέσβεων γράψαι τὴν ἀπόκρισιν, ἣν ἡγοῦμαι δικαίαν τʼ εἶναι καὶ συμφέρουσαν ὑμῖν.