---
title: "Philip’s Letter · Ἐπιστολή [Φιλίππου]"
author: "Demosthenes"
translator: "James Herbert Vince"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
url: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-philips-letter/
cite: "Demosthenes, tr. James Herbert Vince, Philip’s Letter · Ἐπιστολή [Φιλίππου]. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-philips-letter/"
---

# Philip’s Letter · Ἐπιστολή [Φιλίππου]

*Demosthenes, tr. James Herbert Vince*

Philip’s letter to the Athenians listing his grievances against them.

> Greek: ed. Samuel Henry Butcher, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0014.tlg012, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: James Herbert Vince, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0014.tlg012.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## Contents

1. [Sections 1–23](https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-philips-letter/1.md)

## 1. Sections 1–23

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-philips-letter/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/demosthenes-philips-letter/1/#p-N

[¶0] 1. Philip to the Council and People of Athens, greeting. To the embassies that I have repeatedly dispatched to ensure the observance of our oaths and agreements you have paid no attention, so that I am forced to send you a statement of the matters in which I consider myself wronged. But you must not be surprised at the length of the letter, for I have many charges to prefer, and it is necessary to put them all clearly and frankly.

> Greek: 1. Φίλιππος Ἀθηναίων τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ χαίρειν. ἐπειδὴ πολλάκις μου πρέσβεις ἀποστείλαντος, ἵνʼ ἐμμείνωμεν τοῖς ὅρκοις καὶ ταῖς ὁμολογίαις, οὐδεμίαν ἐποιεῖσθʼ ἐπιστροφήν, ᾤμην δεῖν πέμψαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὑπὲρ ὧν ἀδικεῖσθαι νομίζω. μὴ θαυμάσητε δὲ τὸ μῆκος τῆς ἐπιστολῆς· πολλῶν γὰρ ὑπαρχόντων ἐγκλημάτων ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων δηλῶσαι καθαρῶς.

[¶1] 2. In the first place, when Nicias, my herald, was kidnapped from my territory, you not only failed to bring the law-breakers to justice, but you kept the victim a prisoner for ten months, and the letters from me, of which he was the bearer, you read before your Assembly. Next, when the Thasians opened their harbor to the Byzantine war-galleys and to any pirates that chose to touch there, you ignored the incident, in spite of the clauses expressly denouncing such acts as hostile.

> Greek: 2. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ Νικίου τοῦ κήρυκος ἁρπασθέντος ἐκ τῆς χώρας τῆς ἐμῆς, οὐχ ὅτι τοῖς παρανομοῦσιν ἐπετιμήσατε τὴν δίκην, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀδικούμενον εἵρξατε δέκα μῆνας· ἃς δʼ ἔφερε παρʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιστολάς, ἀνέγνωτʼ ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος. ἔπειτα Θασίων ὑποδεχομένων τὰς Βυζαντίων τριήρεις καὶ τῶν λῃστῶν τοὺς βουλομένους οὐδὲν ἐφροντίζετε, τῶν συνθηκῶν διαρρήδην λεγουσῶν πολεμίους εἶναι τοὺς ταῦτα ποιοῦντας.

[¶2] 3. Furthermore, about the same date, Diopithes attacked Crobyle and Tiristasis and enslaved the inhabitants, laying waste the adjacent parts of Thrace. But his crowning act of lawlessness was the arrest of Amphilochus, the ambassador sent to negotiate for the captives; he subjected him to the severest torture and wrung from him a ransom of nine talents. And this he did with the approval of your Assembly.

> Greek: 3. ἔτι τοίνυν περὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Διοπείθης ἐμβαλὼν εἰς τὴν χώραν Κρωβύλην μὲν καὶ τὴν Τιρίστασιν ἐξηνδραποδίσατο, τὴν δὲ προσεχῆ Θρᾴκην ἐπόρθησε, τέλος δʼ εἰς τοῦτʼ ἦλθε παρανομίας ὥστʼ Ἀμφίλοχον ὑπὲρ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἐλθόντα πρεσβευτὴν συλλαβὼν καὶ τὰς ἐσχάτας ἀνάγκας ἐπιθεὶς ἀπελύτρωσε ταλάντων ἐννέα· καὶ ταῦτα τῷ δήμῳ συνδοκοῦντʼ ἐποίησεν.

[¶3] 4. Yet violation of the rights of heralds and ambassadors is regarded by all men as an act of impiety, and by none more than by you, if I may judge from the fact that, when the Megarians arrested Anthemocritus, your Assembly went to the length of excluding them from the celebration of the mysteries, and actually erected a statue before the city gates to commemorate the outrage. Yet is it not monstrous that you are now yourselves notoriously guilty of acts which, when you were the victims, excited in you such detestation of the perpetrators.

> Greek: 4. καίτοι τὸ παρανομεῖν εἰς κήρυκα καὶ πρέσβεις τοῖς ἄλλοις τε πᾶσιν ἀσεβὲς εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ μάλισθʼ ὑμῖν· Μεγαρέων γοῦν Ἀνθεμόκριτον ἀνελόντων εἰς τοῦτʼ ἐλήλυθεν ὁ δῆμος ὥστε μυστηρίων μὲν εἶργον αὐτούς, ὑπομνήματα δὲ τῆς ἀδικίας ἔστησαν ἀνδριάντα πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν. καίτοι πῶς οὐ δεινόν, ἐφʼ οἷς παθόντες οὕτως ἐμισήσατε τοὺς δράσαντας, νῦν αὐτοὺς φαίνεσθαι ποιοῦντας;

[¶4] 5. Again, your general, Callias, captured the cities on the Pagasaean Gulf, every one of them, though they were protected by treaty with you and were in alliance with me all merchants sailing to Macedonia he regarded as enemies and sold them into slavery. And for this you passed him a vote of thanks! So I am at a loss to say what difference it will make if you admit that you are at war with me, for when we were openly at variance, then too you used to send out privateers, enslave merchants trading with us, help my adversaries, and lay waste my territory.

> Greek: 5. Καλλίας τοίνυν ὁ παρʼ ὑμῶν στρατηγὸς τὰς μὲν πόλεις τὰς ἐν τῷ Παγασίτῃ κόλπῳ κατοικουμένας ἔλαβεν ἁπάσας, ὑμῖν μὲν ἐνόρκους, ἐμοὶ δὲ συμμαχίδας οὔσας, τοὺς δʼ εἰς Μακεδονίαν πλέοντας ἐπώλει πάντας πολεμίους κρίνων· καὶ διὰ ταῦθʼ ὑμεῖς ἐπῃνεῖτʼ αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν. ὥστʼ ἔγωγʼ ἀπορῶ τί ποτʼ ἔσται καινότερον, ἐὰν ὁμολογήσητέ μοι πολεμεῖν· καὶ γὰρ ὅτε φανερῶς διεφερόμεθα, λῃστὰς ἐξεπέμπετε καὶ τοὺς πλέοντας ὡς ἡμᾶς ἐπωλεῖτε, τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἐβοηθεῖτε, τὴν χώραν μου κακῶς ἐποιεῖτε.

[¶5] 6. Not content with this, you have shown your contempt for right and your hostility to me by actually sending an embassy to urge the king of Persia to declare war on me. This is the most amazing exploit of all; for, before the king reduced Egypt and Phoenicia, you passed a decree calling on me to make common cause with the rest of the Greeks against him, in case he attempted to interfere with us.

> Greek: 6. χωρὶς τοίνυν εἰς τοῦτο παρανομίας ἀφῖχθε καὶ δυσμενείας ὥστε καὶ πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην πρέσβεις ἀπεστάλκατε πείσοντας αὐτὸν ἐμοὶ πολεμεῖν· ὃ μάλιστʼ ἄν τις θαυμάσειεν. πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὸν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Φοινίκην ἐψηφίσασθε, ἂν ἐκεῖνός τι νεωτερίζῃ, παρακαλεῖν ὁμοίως ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας ἅπαντας ἐπʼ αὐτόν·

[¶6] 7. and today you have such a superabundance of hatred for me that you negotiate with him for a defensive alliance. Yet I am given to understand that your fathers of old punished the sons of Pisistratus for inviting the Persians to invade Greece. You are not ashamed to do what you have always made a matter of indictment against your tyrants.

> Greek: 7. νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον ὑμῖν περίεστι τοῦ πρὸς ἐμὲ μίσους ὥστε πρὸς ἐκεῖνον διαλέγεσθε περὶ τῆς ἐπιμαχίας. καίτοι τὸ παλαιὸν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι, τοῖς Πεισιστρατίδαις ἐπετίμων ὡς ἐπάγουσι τὸν Πέρσην ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας· ὑμεῖς δʼ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε ταῦτα ποιοῦντες ἃ διετελεῖτε τοῖς τυράννοις ἐγκαλοῦντες.

[¶7] 8. But there is more to come. In your decrees you order me in so many words to leave Thrace to the rule of Teres and Cersobleptes, because they are Athenians. But I am not aware that these two had any share with you in the terms of peace, or that their names were included in the inscription set up, or that they are really Athenians. On the contrary, I know that Teres fought with me against you, and that Cersobleptes was quite ready in private to take the oath of allegiance to my ambassadors, but was prevented by your generals, who denounced him as an enemy of the Athenians.

> Greek: 8. ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ γράφετʼ ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν ἐμοὶ προστάττοντες Τήρην καὶ Κερσοβλέπτην ἐᾶν Θρᾴκης ἄρχειν, ὡς ὄντας Ἀθηναίους. ἐγὼ δὲ τούτους οὔτε τῶν περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης συνθηκῶν οἶδα μετασχόντας ὑμῖν οὔτʼ ἐν ταῖς στήλαις ἀναγεγραμμένους οὔτʼ Ἀθηναίους ὄντας, ἀλλὰ Τήρην μὲν μετʼ ἐμοῦ στρατευόμενον ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς, Κερσοβλέπτην δὲ τοῖς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πρεσβευταῖς ἰδίᾳ μὲν τοὺς ὅρκους ὀμόσαι προθυμούμενον, κωλυθέντα δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ὑμετέρων στρατηγῶν ἀποφαινόντων αὐτὸν Ἀθηναίων ἐχθρόν.

[¶8] 9. And yet is it fair and right that, when it suits your convenience, you should call him an enemy of your state, but, when you want to bully me, the same man should be described as your fellow-citizen; and that on the death of Sitalces, on whom you did confer your citizenship, you should at once cultivate the friendship of his murderer, and pick a quarrel with us to shield Cersobleptes? And all the time you know perfectly well that of those who receive such honors at your hands not one cares a jot for your laws or your decrees.

> Greek: 9. καίτοι πῶς ἐστὶ τοῦτʼ ἴσον ἢ δίκαιον, ὅταν μὲν ὑμῖν συμφέρῃ, πολέμιον εἶναι φάσκειν αὐτὸν τῆς πόλεως, ὅταν δʼ ἐμὲ συκοφαντεῖν βούλησθε, πολίτην ἀποδείκνυσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν ὑφʼ ὑμῶν· καὶ Σιτάλκου μὲν ἀποθανόντος, ᾧ μετέδοτε τῆς πολιτείας, εὐθὺς ποιήσασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀποκτείναντα φιλίαν, ὑπὲρ δὲ Κερσοβλέπτου πόλεμον αἴρεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς; καὶ ταῦτα σαφῶς εἰδότας ὅτι τῶν λαμβανόντων τὰς δωρεὰς τὰς τοιαύτας οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν νόμων οὔτε τῶν ψηφισμάτων οὐδὲν φροντίζει τῶν ὑμετέρων.

[¶9] 10. However, if I may mention two instances to the exclusion of the rest, you gave your citizenship to Evagoras of Cyprus and to Dionysius of Syracuse, to them and their descendants. Now, if you can persuade either of these peoples to restore their exiled tyrants, then you may apply to me for as much of Thrace as was ruled by Teres and Cersobleptes. But if you have not a word to say against those who overthrew Evagoras and Dionysius, but persist in harassing me, have I not a perfect right to defend myself against you.

> Greek: 10. οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ εἰ δεῖ πάντα τἄλλα παραλιπόντα συντόμως εἰπεῖν, ὑμεῖς ἔδοτε πολιτείαν Εὐαγόρᾳ τῷ Κυπρίῳ καὶ Διονυσίῳ τῷ Συρακοσίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς ἐκείνων. ἐὰν οὖν πείσητε τοὺς ἐκβαλόντας ἑκατέρους αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι πάλιν τὰς ἀρχὰς τοῖς ἐκπεσοῦσι, κομίζεσθε καὶ παρʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θρᾴκην, ὅσης Τήρης καὶ Κερσοβλέπτης ἦρχον. εἰ δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἐκείνων κρατήσασι μηδʼ ἐγκαλεῖν ἀξιοῦτε μηδέν, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐνοχλεῖτε, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ὑμᾶς ἀμυνοίμην ἄν;

[¶10] 11. Now I prefer to pass over many complaints that I might justly make, but I admit that I am helping the Cardians, for I was their ally before the peace, and you refused to submit your claim to arbitration, though you were often pressed to do so by me, and not infrequently by the Cardians. Should I not be utterly contemptible if I threw over my allies and paid more regard to you, who are harassing me in every way, than to those who have always been my staunch friends.

> Greek: 11. περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων πολλὰ λέγειν ἔχων ἔτι δίκαια, παραλιπεῖν προαιροῦμαι· Καρδιανοῖς δέ φημι βοηθεῖν, γεγονὼς αὐτοῖς πρὸ τῆς εἰρήνης σύμμαχος, οὐκ ἐθελόντων δʼ ὑμῶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς κρίσιν, πολλάκις μὲν ἐμοῦ δεηθέντος, οὐκ ὀλιγάκις δʼ ἐκείνων· ὥστε πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴην πάντων φαυλότατος, εἰ καταλιπὼν τοὺς συμμάχους μᾶλλον ὑμῶν φροντίζοιμι τῶν πάντα μοι τρόπον ἐνοχλούντων ἢ τῶν βεβαίως μοι φίλων ἀεὶ μενόντων;

[¶11] 12. The following affront also should not be passed over. Though formerly you confined yourselves to the charges I have mentioned, your arrogance is now such that, when the people of Peparethus complained of the latest “outrage,” you instructed your general to demand redress from me on their behalf. I actually punished them less rigorously than they deserved, for they seized Halonnesus in time of peace and refused to restore either the fortress or the garrison in spite of my repeated remonstrances.

> Greek: 12. εἰ τοίνυν δεῖ μηδὲ τοῦτο παραλιπεῖν, εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐληλύθατε πλεονεξίας ὥστε πρότερον μὲν ἐνεκαλεῖτέ μοι τὰ προειρημένα μόνον, τὰ δʼ ὑπογυιότατα Πεπαρηθίων φασκόντων δεινὰ πεπονθέναι προσετάξατε τῷ στρατηγῷ δίκην παρʼ ἐμοῦ λαβεῖν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων, οὓς ἐγὼ μὲν ἐτιμωρησάμην ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ προσῆκεν, ἐκεῖνοι δʼ εἰρήνης οὔσης καταλαβόντες Ἁλόννησον οὔτε τὸ χωρίον οὔτε τοὺς φρουροὺς ἀπεδίδοσαν πέμψαντος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐμοῦ πολλάκις.

[¶12] 13. But you, with full knowledge of the facts, ignored their offences against me, and only considered their punishment. Yet I robbed neither them nor you of the island, but only the pirate chief, Sostratus. Now, if you say that you handed it over to Sostratus, you admit that you employ pirates; if he captured it against your wishes, why this indignation against me for taking it and making the district safe for traders.

> Greek: 13. ὑμεῖς δʼ ὧν μὲν ἠδίκησαν ἐμὲ Πεπαρήθιοι, τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ἐπεσκέψασθε, τὴν δὲ τιμωρίαν, ἀκριβῶς εἰδότες. καίτοι τὴν νῆσον οὔτʼ ἐκείνους οὔθʼ ὑμᾶς ἀφειλόμην, ἀλλὰ τὸν λῃστὴν Σώστρατον. εἰ μὲν οὖν αὐτοί φατε παραδοῦναι Σωστράτῳ, λῃστὰς ὁμολογεῖτε καταπέμπειν· εἰ δʼ ἀκόντων ὑμῶν ἐκεῖνος ἐκράτει, τί δεινὸν πεπόνθατε λαβόντος ἐμοῦ καὶ τὸν τόπον τοῖς πλέουσιν ἀσφαλῆ παρέχοντος;

[¶13] 14. In my regard for the interests of your city, I offered you the island, but your statesmen urged you to refuse it as a gift and demand it as an act of restitution, in order that, if I submit to their dictation, I may thereby confess that I have no right to the place, but if I do not give it up, I may arouse the suspicions of your democracy. Conscious of this, I challenged you to submit our claims to arbitration, so that if the island was adjudged to be mine, I might give it to you; if yours, then I might restore it to your people.

> Greek: 14. τοσαύτην δέ μου ποιουμένου πρόνοιαν τῆς ὑμετέρας πόλεως, καὶ διδόντος αὐτῇ τὴν νῆσον, οἱ ῥήτορες λαμβάνειν μὲν οὐκ εἴων, ἀπολαβεῖν δὲ συνεβούλευον, ὅπως ὑπομείνας μὲν τὸ προσταττόμενον τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχειν ὁμολογῶ, μὴ προέμενος δὲ τὸ χωρίον ὕποπτος γένωμαι τῷ πλήθει. γνοὺς ἐγὼ ταῦτα προὐκαλούμην κριθῆναι περὶ τούτων πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἵνʼ ἐὰν μὲν ἐμὴ γνωσθῇ, παρʼ ἐμοῦ δοθῇ τὸ χωρίον ὑμῖν, ἐὰν δʼ ὑμετέρα κριθῇ, τότʼ ἀποδῶ τῷ δήμῳ.

[¶14] 15. I repeatedly demanded a trial, but you paid me no attention, and the Peparethians occupied the island. What, then, was I to do? Was I not to punish those who had violated their oaths? Was I not to take vengeance for such a wanton outrage? For if the island belonged to the Peparethians, what right had the Athenians to demand it back? If it was yours, why are you not angry with the Peparethians for seizing the territory of others.

> Greek: 15. ταῦτα δʼ ἐμοῦ πολλάκις ἀξιοῦντος, ὑμεῖς μὲν οὐ προσείχετε, Πεπαρήθιοι δὲ τὴν νῆσον κατέλαβον. τί οὖν ἐχρῆν με ποιεῖν; οὐ δίκην λαβεῖν παρὰ τῶν ὑπερβεβηκότων τοὺς ὅρκους; οὐ τιμωρήσασθαι τοὺς οὕτως ὑπερηφάνως ἀσελγαίνοντας; καὶ γὰρ εἰ Πεπαρηθίων ἦν ἡ νῆσος, τί προσῆκεν ἀπαιτεῖν Ἀθηναίους; εἰ δʼ ὑμετέρα, πῶς οὐκ ἐκείνοις ὀργίζεσθε καταλαβοῦσι τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν;

[¶15] 16. Our mutual hostility has become so acute that, when I wanted to convey my fleet to the Hellespont, I was compelled to escort it with my army through the Chersonese, because your settlers there were at war with us in accordance with the decree of Polycrates, backed up by your resolutions, and your general was inciting the Byzantines and publicly announcing that your orders were to make war on me, if he got the chance. In spite of this provocation, I kept my hands off the fleets and the territory of your state, though I was strong enough to seize most, if not all, of these, and I have not ceased to appeal to you to have the points in dispute between us settled by arbitration.

> Greek: 16. εἰς τοῦτο δὲ προβεβήκαμεν ἔχθρας ὥστε βουλόμενος ταῖς ναυσὶν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον παραβαλεῖν ἠναγκάσθην αὐτὰς παραπέμψαι διὰ Χερρονήσου τῇ στρατιᾷ, τῶν μὲν κληρούχων κατὰ τὸ Πολυκράτους δόγμα πολεμούντων ἡμῖν, ὑμῶν δὲ τοιαῦτα ψηφιζομένων, τοῦ δὲ στρατηγοῦ Βυζαντίους τε παρακαλοῦντος καὶ διαγγέλλοντος πρὸς ἅπαντας ὅτι πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ προστάττετε, ἂν καιρὸν λάβῃ. τοιαῦτα δὲ πάσχων ὅμως τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῶν τριήρων καὶ τῆς χώρας ἀπεσχόμην, ἱκανὸς ὢν τὰ πλεῖστα λαβεῖν ἢ πάντα, καὶ διατετέλεκα προκαλούμενος ὑμᾶς εἰς κρίσιν ἐλθεῖν ὑπὲρ ὧν αἰτιώμεθʼ ἀλλήλους.

[¶16] 17. Yet consider which is the more honorable—to settle the dispute by arms or by arguments, to be yourselves the umpires or to win the verdict from others. Also reflect how unreasonable it is that Athenians should force Thasians and Maronites to submit to arbitration about Stryme, but should not themselves in this way settle with me the points on which we are at variance, especially when you realize that, if you lose the verdict, you will sacrifice nothing, and if you win it, you will gain territory which is now in my possession.

> Greek: 17. καίτοι σκοπεῖσθε πότερον κάλλιόν ἐστιν ὅπλοις ἢ λόγοις διακρίνεσθαι, καὶ πότερον αὐτοὺς εἶναι βραβευτὰς ἢ πεῖσαί τινας ἑτέρους· καὶ λογίζεσθʼ ὡς ἄλογόν ἐστιν Ἀθηναίους Θασίους μὲν καὶ Μαρωνίτας ἀναγκάσαι περὶ Στρύμης διακριθῆναι λόγοις, αὐτοὺς δὲ πρὸς ἐμὲ μὴ διαλύσασθαι περὶ ὧν ἀμφισβητοῦμεν τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον, ἄλλως τε καὶ γιγνώσκοντας ὅτι νικηθέντες μὲν οὐδὲν ἀποβαλεῖτε, κρατήσαντες δὲ λήψεσθε τὰ νῦν ὑφʼ ἡμῖν ὄντα.

[¶17] 18. But the crowning absurdity, I think, is that, though I sent ambassadors from all my allies to attend as witnesses, and was willing to come to a just agreement with you in the interests of the Greek world, you turned a deaf ear to the representations of the ambassadors, when you might perfectly well have relieved the fears of those who attributed sinister motives to me, or else have proved me beyond all doubt the most worthless of mankind.

> Greek: 18. πάντων δέ μοι δοκεῖ παραλογώτατον εἶναι, διότι πέμψαντος ἐμοῦ πρέσβεις ἀπὸ τῆς συμμαχίας πάσης, ἵνʼ ὦσι μάρτυρες, καὶ βουλομένου ποιήσασθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς δικαίας ὁμολογίας ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, οὐδὲ τοὺς περὶ τούτων λόγους ἐδέξασθε παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευόντων, ἐξὸν ὑμῖν ἢ τῶν κινδύνων ἀπαλλάξαι τοὺς δυσχερὲς ὑποπτεύοντάς τι καθʼ ἡμῶν, ἢ φανερῶς ἐξελέγξαι με φαυλότατον ὄντα τῶν ἁπάντων.

[¶18] 19. Such a course was indeed in the interests of your people, but it would not have paid your talkers. For those who have any experience of your constitution say that to the orators peace means war and war means peace; because they always manage to make something out of the generals either by backing them up or by blackmailing them, and also, by abusing from the Public platform your most prominent citizens and the most esteemed of your foreign residents, they win a reputation with the mob for democratic zeal.

> Greek: 19. τῷ μὲν οὖν δήμῳ ταῦτα συνέφερε, τοῖς δὲ λέγουσιν οὐκ ἐλυσιτέλει. φασὶ γὰρ οἱ τῆς πολιτείας τῆς παρʼ ὑμῖν ἔμπειροι τὴν μὲν εἰρήνην πόλεμον αὐτοῖς εἶναι, τὸν δὲ πόλεμον εἰρήνην· ἢ γὰρ συναγωνιζομένους τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἢ συκοφαντοῦντας ἀεί τι λαμβάνειν παρʼ αὐτῶν, ἔτι δὲ τῶν πολιτῶν τοῖς γνωριμωτάτοις καὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν τοῖς ἐνδοξοτάτοις λοιδορουμένους ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος περιποιεῖσθαι παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους δόξαν ὡς εἰσὶ δημοτικοί.

[¶19] 20. Now it would be easy for me, at a trifling expense, to stop their abuse and set them singing my praises. But I should be ashamed if I were known to purchase your goodwill from men who, besides their other faults, have reached such a height of impudence that they even venture to dispute with me about Amphipolis, to which I think I can advance a far better claim than my rivals.

> Greek: 20. ῥᾴδιον μὲν οὖν ἐστί μοι παῦσαι τῆς βλασφημίας αὐτοὺς μικρὰ πάνυ προεμένῳ, καὶ ποιῆσαι λέγειν ἐπαίνους ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. ἀλλʼ αἰσχυνοίμην ἄν, εἰ τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὔνοιαν παρὰ τούτων φαινοίμην ὠνούμενος, οἳ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις εἰς τοῦτο τόλμης ἥκουσιν ὥστε καὶ περὶ Ἀμφιπόλεως πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀμφισβητεῖν ἐπιχειροῦσιν, ὑπὲρ ἧς τῶν ἀντιποιουμένων αὐτῆς οἶμαι πολὺ δικαιότερα λέγειν αὐτός.

[¶20] 21. For, if it belongs to the original conquerors, have not we a right to hold it? It was my ancestor, Alexander, who first occupied the site, and, as the first-fruits of the Persian captives taken there, set up a golden statue at Delphi. Or if anyone disputes this and claims it for its later owners, here again the right is mine, because I besieged and captured the city, after its inhabitants had expelled you and accepted the Lacedaemonians as their founders.

> Greek: 21. εἴτε γὰρ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κρατησάντων γίγνεται, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ἡμεῖς αὐτὴν ἔχομεν, Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ προγόνου πρώτου κατασχόντος τὸν τόπον, ὅθεν καὶ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων Μήδων ἀπαρχὴν ἀνδριάντα χρυσοῦν ἀνέστησεν εἰς Δελφούς; εἴτε τούτων μὲν ἀμφισβητήσειέ τις, ἀξιοῖ δὲ γίγνεσθαι τῶν ὕστερον γενομένων κυρίων, ὑπάρχει μοι καὶ τοῦτο τὸ δίκαιον· ἐκπολιορκήσας γὰρ τοὺς ὑμᾶς μὲν ἐκβαλόντας, ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ κατοικισθέντας, ἔλαβον τὸ χωρίον.

[¶21] 22. Yet we all of us occupy our cities either by inheritance from our ancestors or by right of conquest in war. But you, who were not the first to take Amphipolis, who do not possess it today, and who made the briefest sojourn in that district, now lay claim to the city, and that in spite of your own most solemn assurances in my favour. For I wrote to you again and again on the subject, and you acknowledged that I was in the right by making peace with me at a time when I was in occupation of the city, and subsequently by concluding an alliance with me on the same terms.

> Greek: 22. καίτοι πάντες οἰκοῦμεν τὰς πόλεις ἢ τῶν προγόνων παραδόντων ἢ κατὰ πόλεμον κύριοι καταστάντες. ὑμεῖς δʼ οὔτε πρῶτοι λαβόντες οὔτε νῦν ἔχοντες, ἐλάχιστον δὲ χρόνον ἐν τοῖς τόποις ἐμμείναντες, ἀντιποιεῖσθε τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ταῦτα πίστιν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν αὐτοὶ βεβαιοτάτην ἐπιθέντες· πολλάκις γὰρ ἐμοῦ γράφοντος ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς, ἐγνώκατε δικαίως ἔχειν ἡμᾶς, τότε μὲν ποιησάμενοι τὴν εἰρήνην ἔχοντος ἐμοῦ τὴν πόλιν, κᾆτα συμμαχίαν ἐπὶ ταῖς αὐταῖς ὁμολογίαις.

[¶22] 23. Yet what stronger title to possession could there be than that the city was originally inherited by me from my ancestors, was again captured by me in war, and thirdly was conceded to me by you, who are in the habit of claiming even that to which you have no shadow of a right? Such are the complaints I have to make. As you were the aggressors and, thanks to my forbearance, are making still further attacks on my interests and doing me all the harm in your power, I shall defend myself, with justice on my side, and, calling the gods to witness, I shall bring my dispute with you to an issue.

> Greek: 23. καίτοι πῶς ἂν ἑτέρα γένοιτο βεβαιοτέρα ταύτης κτῆσις, τῆς τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καταλειφθείσης ἡμῖν ὑπὸ τῶν προγόνων, πάλιν δὲ κατὰ πόλεμον ἐμῆς γεγενημένης, τρίτον δὲ συγχωρηθείσης ὑφʼ ὑμῶν τῶν εἰθισμένων ἀμφισβητεῖν καὶ τῶν οὐδὲν ὑμῖν προσηκόντων; ἃ μὲν οὖν ἐγκαλῶ, ταῦτʼ ἐστίν· ὡς δὲ προϋπαρχόντων καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν εὐλάβειαν μᾶλλον ἤδη τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐπιτιθεμένων καὶ καθʼ ὅσον ἂν δύνησθε κακοποιούντων ὑμῶν, ἀμυνοῦμαι μετὰ τοῦ δικαίου, καὶ μάρτυρας τοὺς θεοὺς ποιησάμενος διαλήψομαι περὶ τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς.