---
title: "Lives of the Eminent Philosophers · Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων"
author: "Diogenes Laertius"
translator: "R. D. Hicks"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Philosophy"
section: 15 of 34
url: https://scriptura.si/works/diogenes-laertius-lives/15/
cite: "Diogenes Laertius, tr. R. D. Hicks, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers · Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων, section 15. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/diogenes-laertius-lives/15/"
---

# Lives of the Eminent Philosophers · Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων

*Diogenes Laertius, tr. R. D. Hicks*

Lives, sayings and doctrines of the Greek philosophers, from Thales to Epicurus.

> Greek: ed. R. D. Hicks, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0004.tlg001, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: R. D. Hicks, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (books, chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 15. Book V · chapters 1–3

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/diogenes-laertius-lives/15/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/diogenes-laertius-lives/15/#p-N

[¶0] 1.33. By the term realization he means that which has an incorporeal form. This realization, according to him, is twofold. Either it is potential, as that of Hermes in the wax, provided the wax be adapted to receive the proper mouldings, or as that of the statue implicit in the bronze; or again it is determinate, which is the case with the completed figure of Hermes or the finished statue. The soul is the realization “of a natural body,” since bodies may be divided into (a) artificial bodies made by the hands of craftsmen, as a tower or a ship, and (b) natural bodies which are the work of nature, such as plants and the bodies of animals. And when he said “organic” he meant constructed as means to an end, as sight is adapted for seeing and the ear for hearing. Of a body “potentially possessed of life,” that is, in itself.

> Greek: 1.33. λέγει δʼ ἐντελέχειαν, ἧς ἐστιν εἶδός τι ἀσώματον· διττὴ δʼ ἐστὶν αὕτη κατʼ αὐτόν. ἡ μὲν κατὰ δύναμιν, ὡς ἐν τῷ κηρῷ ὁ Ἑρμῆς ἐπιτηδειότητα ἔχοντι ἐπιδέξασθαι τοὺς χαρακτῆρας, καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ ἀνδριάς· καθʼ ἕξιν δὲ λέγεται ἐντελέχεια ἡ τοῦ συντετελεσμένου Ἑρμοῦ ἢ ἀνδριάντος. σώματος δὲ φυσικοῦ, ἐπεὶ τῶν σωμάτων τὰ μέν ἐστι χειρόκμητα, ὡς τὰ ὑπὸ τεχνιτῶν γινόμενα, οἷον πύργος, πλοῖον· τὰ δὲ ὑπὸ φύσεως, ὡς φυτὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ζῴων. ὀργανικοῦ δὲ εἶπε, τουτέστι πρός τι κατεσκευασμένου, ὡς ἡ ὅρασις πρὸς τὸ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἡ ἀκοὴ πρὸς τὸ ἀκούειν· δυνάμει δὲ ζωὴν ἔχοντος, οἷον ἐν ἑαυτῷ.

[¶1] 1.34. There are two senses of “potential,” one answering to a formed state and the other to its exercise in act. In the latter sense of the term he who is awake is said to have soul, in the former he who is asleep. It was then in order to include the sleeper that Aristotle added the word “potential.” He held many other opinions on a variety of subjects which it would be tedious to enumerate. For altogether his industry and invention were remarkable, as is shown by the catalogue of his writings given above, which come to nearly 400 in number, i.e. counting those only the genuineness of which is not disputed. For many other written works and pointed oral sayings are attributed to him.

> Greek: 1.34. Τὸ δυνάμει δὲ διττόν, ἢ καθʼ ἕξιν ἢ κατʼ ἐνέργειαν· κατʼ ἐνέργειαν μέν, ὡς ὁ ἐγρηγορὼς λέγεται ψυχὴν ἔχειν· καθʼ ἕξιν δʼ, ὡς ὁ καθεύδων. ἵνʼ οὖν καὶ οὗτος ὑποπίπτῃ, τὸ δυνάμει προσέθηκε. Πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα περὶ πολλῶν ἀπεφήνατο, ἅπερ μακρὸν ἂν εἴη καταριθμεῖσθαι. τοῖς γὰρ ὅλοις φιλοπονώτατος ἐγένετο καὶ εὑρετικώτατος, ὡς δῆλον ἐκ τῶν προγεγραμμένων συγγραμμάτων, ἃ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἐγγὺς ἥκει τῶν τετρακοσίων, τὰ ὅσα γε ἀναμφίλεκτα· πολλὰ γὰρ καὶ ἄλλα εἰς αὐτὸν ἀναφέρεται συγγράμματʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀποφθέγματα, ἀγράφου φωνῆς εὐστοχήματα.

[¶2] 1.35. There were in all eight Aristotles: (1) our philosopher himself; (2) an Athenian statesman, the author of graceful forensic speeches; (3) a scholar who commented on the Iliad; (4) a Sicilian rhetorician, who wrote a reply to the Panegyric of Isocrates; (5) a disciple of Aeschines the Socratic philosopher, surnamed Myth; (6) a native of Cyrene, who wrote upon the art of poetry; (7) a trainer of boys, mentioned by Aristoxenus in his Life of Plato; (8) an obscure grammarian, whose handbook On Redundancy is still extant. Aristotle of Stagira had many disciples; the most distinguished was Theophrastus, of whom we have next to speak.

> Greek: 1.35. Γεγόνασι δὲ Ἀριστοτέλεις ὀκτώ· πρώτος αὐτὸς οὗτος· δεύτερος ὁ πολιτευσάμενος Ἀθήνησιν· οὗ καὶ δικανικοὶ φέρονται λόγοι χαρίεντες· τρίτος περὶ Ἰλιάδος πεπραγματευμένος· τέταρτος Σικελιώτης ῥήτωρ, πρὸς τὸν Ἰσοκράτους Πανηγυρικὸν ἀντιγεγραφώς· πέμπτος ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Μῦθος, Αἰσχίνου τοῦ Σωκρατικοῦ γνώριμος· ἕκτος Κυρηναῖος, γεγραφὼς περὶ ποιητικῆς· ἕβδομος παιδοτρίβης, οὖ μέμνηται Ἀριστόξενος ἐν τῷ Πλάτωνος βίῳ· ὄγδοος, γραμματικὸς ἄσημος, οὗ φέρεται τέχνη περὶ πλεονασμοῦ. Τοῦ δὴ Σταγειρίτου γεγόνασι μὲν πολλοὶ γνώριμοι, διαφέρων δὲ μάλιστα Θεόφραστος, περὶ οὗ λεκτέον.

[¶3] 2.36. Theophrastus was a native of Eresus, the son of Melantes, a fuller, as stated by Athenodorus in the eighth book of his Walks. He first heard his countryman Alcippus lecture in his native town and afterwards he heard Plato, whom he left for Aristotle. And when the latter withdrew to Chalcis he took over the school himself in the 114th Olympiad. A slave of his named Pompylus is also said to have been a philosopher, according to Myronianus of Amastris in the first book of his Historical Parallels. Theophrastus was a man of remarkable intelligence and industry and, as Pamphila says in the thirtysecond book of her Memorabilia, he taught Menander the comic poet.

> Greek: 2.36. Θεόφραστος Μελάντα Ἐρέσιος κναφέως υἱός, ὥς φησιν Ἀθηνόδωρος ἐν ὀγδόῃ Περιπάτων. οὗτος πρῶτον μὲν ἤκουσεν Ἀλκίππου τοῦ πολίτου ἐν τῇ πατρίδι, εἶτʼ ἀκούσας Πλάτωνος μετέστη πρὸς Ἀριστοτέλην· κἀκείνου εἰς Χαλκίδα ὑποχωρήσαντος αὐτὸς διεδέξατο τὴν σχολὴν Ὀλυμπιάδι τετάρτῃ καὶ δεκάτῃ καὶ ἑκατοστῇ. φέρεται δʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ δοῦλος φιλόσοφος ὄνομα Πομπύλος, καθά φησι Μυρωνιανὸς Ἀμαστριανὸς ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν Ὁμοίων ἱστορικῶν κεφαλαίων. ὁ δὲ Θεόφραστος γέγονεν ἀνὴρ συνετώτατος καὶ φιλοπονώτατος καί, καθά φησι Παμφίλη ἐν τῷ τριακοστῷ δευτέρῳ τῶν Ὑπομνημάτων, διδάσκαλος Μενάνδρου τοῦ κωμικοῦ·

[¶4] 2.37. Furthermore, he was ever ready to do a kindness and fond of discussion. Casander certainly granted him audience and Ptolemy made overtures to him. And so highly was he valued at Athens that, when Agnonides ventured to prosecute him for impiety, the prosecutor himself narrowly escaped punishment. About 2000 pupils used to attend his lectures. In a letter to Phanias the Peripatetic, among other topics, he speaks of a tribunal as follows: “To get a public or even a select circle such as one desires is not easy. If an author reads his work, he must re-write it. Always to shirk revision and ignore criticism is a course which the present generation of pupils will no longer tolerate.” And in this letter he has called some one “pedant.”

> Greek: 2.37. ἄλλως τε καὶ εὐεργετικὸς καὶ φιλόλογος. Κάσανδρος γοῦν αὐτὸν ἀπεδέχετο καὶ Πτολεμαῖος ἔπεμψεν ἐπʼ αὐτόν· τοσοῦτον δʼ ἀποδοχῆς ἠξιοῦτο παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις, ὥστʼ Ἀγνωνίδης τολμήσας ἀσεβείας αὐτὸν γράψασθαι, μικροῦ καὶ προσῶφλεν. ἀπήντων τʼ εἰς τὴν διατριβὴν αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ πρὸς δισχιλίους. οὗτος τά τʼ ἄλλα καὶ περὶ δικαστηρίου τοιαῦτα διείλεκται ἐν τῇ πρὸς Φανίαν τὸν περιπατητικὸν ἐπιστολῇ· οὐ γὰρ ὅτι πανήγυριν, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ συνέδριον ῥᾴδιον, οἷόν τις βούλεται, λαβεῖν· αἱ δʼ ἀναγνώσεις ποιοῦσιν ἐπανορθώσεις· τὸ δʼ ἀναβάλλεσθαι πάντα καὶ ἀμελεῖν οὐκέτι φέρουσιν αἱ ἡλικίαι. ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἐπιστολῇ σχολαστικὸν ὠνόμακε.

[¶5] 2.38. Although his reputation stood so high, nevertheless for a short time he had to leave the country with all the other philosophers, when Sophocles the son of Amphiclides proposed a law that no philosopher should preside over a school except by permission of the Senate and the people, under penalty of death. The next year, however, the philosophers returned, as Philo had prosecuted Sophocles for making an illegal proposal. Whereupon the Athenians repealed the law, fined Sophocles five talents, and voted the recall of the philosophers, in order that Theophrastus also might return and live there as before. He bore the name of Tyrtamus, and it was Aristotle who re-named him Theophrastus on account of his graceful style.

> Greek: 2.38. Τοιοῦτος δʼ ὤν, ὅμως ἀπεδήμησε πρὸς ὀλίγον καὶ οὗτος καὶ πάντες οἱ λοιποὶ φιλόσοφοι, Σοφοκλέους τοῦ Ἀμφικλείδου νόμον εἰσενεγκόντος, μηδένα τῶν φιλοσόφων σχολῆς ἀφηγεῖσθαι, ἂν μὴ τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ δόξῃ· εἰ δὲ μή, θάνατον εἶναι τὴν ζημίαν. ἀλλʼ αὖθις ἐπανῆλθον εἰς νέωτα, Φίλωνος τὸν Σοφοκλέα γραψαμένου παρανόμων. ὅτε καὶ τὸν νόμον μὲν ἄκυρον ἐποίησαν Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸν δὲ Σοφοκλέα πέντε ταλάντοις ἐζημίωσαν κάθοδόν τε τοῖς φιλοσόφοις ἐψηφίσαντο, ἵνα καὶ Θεόφραστος κατέλθοι καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις εἴη. τοῦτον Τύρταμον λεγόμενον Θεόφραστον διὰ τὸ τῆς φράσεως θεσπέσιον Ἀριστοτέλης μετωνόμασεν·

[¶6] 2.39. And Aristippus, in his fourth book On the Luxury of the Ancients, asserts that he was enamoured of Aristotle’s son Nicomachus, although he was his teacher. It is said that Aristotle applied to him and Callisthenes what Plato had said of Xenocrates and himself (as already related), namely, that the one needed a bridle and the other a goad; for Theophrastus interpreted all his meaning with an excess of cleverness, whereas the other was naturally backward. He is said to have become the owner of a garden of his own after Aristotle’s death, through the intervention of his friend Demetrius of Phalerum. There are pithy sayings of his in circulation as follows: “An unbridled horse,” he said, “ought to be trusted sooner than a badly-arranged discourse.”

> Greek: 2.39. οὗ καὶ τοῦ υἱέος Νικομάχου φησὶν ἐρωτικῶς διατεθῆναι, καίπερ ὄντα διδάσκαλον, Ἀρίστιππος ἐν τετάρτῳ Περὶ παλαιᾶς τρυφῆς. λέγεται δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ τε καὶ Καλλισθένους τὸ ὅμοιον εἰπεῖν Ἀριστοτέλην, ὅπερ Πλάτωνα, καθὰ προείρηται, φασὶν εἰπεῖν ἐπί τε Ξενοκράτους καὶ αὐτοῦ τούτου· φάναι γάρ, τοῦ μὲν Θεοφράστου καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὀξύτητος πᾶν τὸ νοηθὲν ἐξερμηνεύοντος, τοῦ δὲ νωθροῦ τὴν φύσιν ὑπάρχοντος, ὡς τῷ μὲν χαλινοῦ δέοι, τῷ δὲ κέντρου. λέγεται δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ ἴδιον κῆπον σχεῖν μετὰ τὴν Ἀριστοτέλους τελευτήν, Δημητρίου τοῦ Φαληρέως, ὃς ἦν καὶ γνώριμος αὐτῷ, τοῦτο συμπράξαντος. φέρεται δʼ αὐτοῦ ἀποφθέγματα ταυτὶ χρειώδη· θᾶττον ἔφη πιστεύειν δεῖν ἵππῳ ἀχαλίνῳ ἢ λόγῳ ἀσυντάκτῳ.

[¶7] 2.40. To some one who never opened his lips at a banquet he remarked: “Yours is a wise course for an ignoramus, but in an educated man it is sheer folly.” He used constantly to say that in our expenditure the item that costs most is time. He died at the age of eighty-five, not long after he had relinquished his labours. My verses upon him are these: “Not in vain was the word spoken to one of human kind, “Slacken the bow of wisdom and it breaks.” Of a truth, so long as Theophrastus laboured he was sound of limb, but when released from toil his limbs failed him and he died.” It is said that his disciples asked him if he had any last message for them, to which he replied: “Nothing else but this, that many of the pleasures which life boasts are but in the seeming.”

> Greek: 2.40. πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἐν τῷ συμποσίῳ σιωπῶντα τὸ ὅλον ἔφη, εἰ μὲν ἀμαθὴς εἶ, φρονίμως ποιεῖς, εἰ δὲ πεπαίδευσαι, ἀφρόνως. συνεχές τε ἔλεγε πολυτελὲς ἀνάλωμα εἶναι τὸν χρόνον. Ἐτελεύτα δὴ γηραιός, βιοὺς ἔτη πέντε καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα, ἐπειδήπερ ὀλίγον ἀνῆκε τῶν πόνων. καὶ ἔστιν ἡμῶν εἰς αὐτόν·
οὐκ ἄρα τοῦτο μάταιον ἔπος μερόπων τινὶ λέχθη,
ῥήγνυσθαι σοφίης τόξον ἀνιέμενον·
δὴ γὰρ καὶ Θεόφραστος ἕως ἐπόνει μὲν ἄπηρος
ἦν δέμας, εἶτʼ ἀνεθεὶς κάτθανε πηρομελής. Φασὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ἐρωτηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν μαθητῶν εἴ τι ἐπισκήπτει, εἰπεῖν, ἐπισκήπτειν μὲν ἔχειν οὐδέν, πλὴν ὅτι πολλὰ τῶν ἡδέων ὁ βίος διὰ τὴν δόξαν καταλαζονεύεται.

[¶8] 2.41. “For when we are just beginning to live, lo! we die. Nothing then is so unprofitable as the love of glory. Farewell, and may you be happy. Either drop my doctrine, which involves a world of labour, or stand forth its worthy champions, for you will win great glory. Life holds more disappointment than advantage. But, as I can no longer discuss what we ought to do, do you go on with the inquiry into right conduct.” With these words, they say, he breathed his last. And according to the story all the Athenians, out of respect for the man, escorted his bier on foot. And Favorinus tells that he had in his old age to be carried about in a litter; and this he says on the authority of Hermippus, whose account is taken from a remark of Arcesilaus of Pitane to Lacydes of Cyrene.

> Greek: 2.41. ἡμεῖς γὰρ ὁπότʼ ἀρχόμεθα ζῆν, τότʼ ἀποθνήσκομεν. οὐδὲν οὖν ἀλυσιτελέστερόν ἐστι φιλοδοξίας. ἀλλʼ εὐτυχεῖτε καὶ ἤτοι τὸν λόγον ἄφετε—πολὺς γὰρ ὁ πόνοσ—ἢ καλῶς αὐτοῦ πρόστητε· μεγάλη γὰρ ἡ δόξα. τὸ δὲ κενὸν τοῦ βίου πλέον τοῦ συμφέροντος. ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐκποιεῖ βουλεύεσθαι τί πρακτέον, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐπισκέψασθε τί ποιητέον. ταῦτα, φασίν, εἰπὼν ἀπέπνευσε· καὶ αὐτόν, ὡς ὁ λόγος, Ἀθηναῖοι πανδημεὶ παρέπεμψαν ποσί, τὸν ἄνδρα τιμήσαντες. Φαβωρῖνος δέ φησι γηράσαντα αὐτὸν ἐν φορείῳ περιφέρεσθαι· καὶ τοῦτο λέγειν Ἕρμιππον, παρατιθέμενον ἱστορεῖν Ἀρκεσίλαον τὸν Πιταναῖον ἐν οἷς ἔφασκε πρὸς Λακύδην τὸν Κυρηναῖον.

[¶9] 2.42. He too has left a very large number of writings. I think it right to catalogue them also because they abound in excellence of every kind. They are as follows:
Three books of Prior Analytics.
Seven books of Posterior Analytics.
On the Analysis of Syllogisms, one book.
Epitome of Analytics, one book.
Two books of Classified Topics.
Polemical discussion on the Theory of Eristic Argument.
Of the Senses, one book.
A Reply to Anaxagoras, one book.
On the Writings of Anaxagoras, one book.
On the Writings of Anaximenes, one book.
On the Writings of Archelaus, one book.
Of Salt, Nitre and Alum, one book.
Of Petrifactions, two books.
On Indivisible Lines, one book.
Two books of Lectures.
Of the Winds, one book.
Characteristics of Virtues, one book.
Of Kingship, one book.
Of the Education of Kings, one book.
Of Various Schemes of Life, three books.

> Greek: 2.42. Καταλέλοιπε δὲ βιβλία καὶ αὐτὸς ὅτι μάλιστα πάμπλειστα, ἃ καὶ αὐτὰ ἄξιον ἡγησάμην ὑπογράψαι διὰ τὸ πάσης ἀρετῆς πεπληρῶσθαι. ἔστι δὲ τάδε·
Ἀναλυτικῶν προτέρων α′ β′ γ′.
Ἀναλυτικῶν ὑστέρων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′.
Περὶ ἀναλύσεως συλλογισμῶν α′.
Ἀναλυτικῶν ἐπιτομὴ α′.
Ἀνηγμένων τόπων α′ β′.
Ἀγωνιστικὸν τῆς περὶ τοὺς ἐρωτικοὺς λόγους θεωρίας
Περὶ αἰσθήσεων α′.
Πρὸς Ἀναξαγόραν α′.
Περὶ τῶν Ἀναξαγόρου α′.
Περὶ τῶν Ἀναξιμένους α′.
Περὶ τῶν Ἀρχελάου α′.
Περὶ ἁλῶν, νίτρου, στυπτηρίας α′.
Περὶ τῶν λιθουμένων α′ β′.
Περὶ τῶν ἀτόμων γραμμῶν α′.
Ἀκροάσεως α′ β′.
Περὶ ἀνέμων α′.
Ἀρετῶν διαφοραὶ α′.
Περὶ βασιλείας α′.
Περὶ παιδείας βασιλέως α′.
Περὶ βίων α′ β′ γ′.

[¶10] 2.43. Of Old Age, one book.
On the Astronomy of Democritus, one book.
On Meteorology, one book.
On Visual Images or Emanations, one book.
On Flavours, Colours and Flesh, one book.
Of the Order of the World, one book.
Of Mankind, one book.
Compendium of the Writings of Diogenes, one book.
Three books of Definitions.
Concerning Love, one book.
Another Treatise on Love, one book.
Of Happiness, one book.
On Species or Forms, two books.
On Epilepsy, one book.
On Frenzy, one book.
Concerning Empedocles, one book.
Eighteen books of Refutative Arguments.
Three books of Polemical Objections.
Of the Voluntary, one book.
Epitome of Plato’s Republic, two books.
On the Diversity of Sounds uttered by Animals of the same Species, one book.
Of Sudden Appearances, one book.
Of Animals which bite or gore, one book.
Of Animals reputed to be spiteful, one book.
Of the Animals which are confined to Dry Land, one book.

> Greek: 2.43. Περὶ γήρως α′.
Περὶ τῆς Δημοκρίτου ἀστρολογίας α′.
Τῆς μεταρσιολεσχίας α′.
Περὶ τῶν εἰδώλων α′.
Περὶ χυμῶν, χροῶν, σαρκῶν α′.
Περὶ τοῦ διακόσμου α′.
Περὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων α′.
Τῶν Διογένους συναγωγὴ α′.
Διορισμῶν α′ β′ γ′.
Ἐρωτικὸς α′.
Άλλο περὶ ἔρωτος α′.
Περὶ εὐδαιμονίας α′.
Περὶ εἰδῶν α′ β′.
Περὶ ἐπιλήψεως α′.
Περὶ ἐνθουσιασμοῦ α′.
Περὶ Ἐμπεδοκλέους α′.
Ἐπιχειρημάτων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′ ια′ ιβ′ ιγ′ ιδ′ ιε′ ις′ ιζ′ ιη′.
Ἐνστάσεων α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ ἑκουσίου α′.
Ἐπιτομὴ τῆς Πλάτωνος Πολιτείας α′ β′.
Περὶ ἑτεροφωνίας ζῴων τῶν ὁμογενῶν α′.
Περὶ τῶν ἀθρόων φαινομένων α′.
Περὶ δακέτων καὶ βλητικῶν α′.
Περὶ τῶν ζῴων ὅσα λέγεται φθονεῖν α′.
Περὶ τῶν ἐν ξηρῷ διαμενόντων α′.

[¶11] 2.44. Of those which change their Colours, one book.
Of Animals that burrow, one book.
Of Animals, seven books.
Of Pleasure according to Aristotle, one book.
Another treatise on Pleasure, one book.
Theses, twenty-four books.
On Hot and Cold, one book.
On Vertigo and Dizziness, one book.
On Sweating Sickness, one book.
On Affirmation and Negation, one book.
Callisthenes, or On Bereavement, one book.
On Fatigues, one book.
On Motion, three books.
On Precious Stones, one book.
On Pestilences, one book.
On Fainting, one book.
Megarian Treatise, one book.
Of Melancholy, one book.
On Mines, two books.
On Honey, one book.
Compendium on the Doctrines of Metrodorus, one book.
Two books of Meteorology.
On Intoxication, one book.
Twenty-four books of Laws distinguished by the letters of the alphabet.
Ten books of an Epitome of Laws.

> Greek: 2.44. Περὶ τῶν τὰς χρόας μεταβαλλόντων α′.
Περὶ τῶν φωλευόντων α′.
Περὶ ζῴων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′.
Περὶ ἡδονῆς ὡς Ἀριστοτέλης α′.
Περὶ ἡδονῆς ἄλλο α′.
Θέσεις κδ′.
Περὶ θερμοῦ καὶ ψυχροῦ α′.
Περὶ ἰλίγγων καὶ σκοτωσεων α′.
Περὶ ἱδρώτων α′.
Περὶ καταφάσεως καὶ ἀποφάσεως α′.
Καλλισθένης ἢ περὶ πένθους α′.
Περὶ κόπων α.
Περὶ κινήσεως α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ λίθων α′.
Περὶ λοιμῶν α′.
Περὶ λιποψυχίας α′.
Μεγαρικὸς α′.
Περὶ μελαγχολίας α′.
Περὶ μετάλλων α′ β′.
Περὶ μέλιτος α′.
Περὶ τῶν Μητροδώρου συναγωγῆς α′.
Μεταρσιολογικῶν α′ β′.
Περὶ μέθης α′.
Νόμων κατὰ στοιχεῖον κδ′.
Νόμων ἐπιτομῆς α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′.

[¶12] 2.45. Remarks upon Definitions, one book.
On Smells, one book.
On Wine and Oil.
Introduction to Propositions, eighteen books.
Of Legislators, three books.
Of Politics, six books.
A Political Treatise dealing with important Crises, four books.
Of Social Customs, four books.
Of the Best Constitution, one book.
A Collection of Problems, five books.
On Proverbs, one book.
On Coagulation and Liquefaction, one book.
On Fire, two books.
On Winds, one book.
Of Paralysis, one book.
Of Suffocation, one book.
Of Mental Derangement, one book.
On the Passions, one book.
On Symptoms, one book.
Two books of Sophisms.
On the solution of Syllogisms, one book.
Two books of Topics.
Of Punishment, two books.
On Hair, one book.
Of Tyranny, one book.
On Water, three books.
On Sleep and Dreams, one book.
Of Friendship, three books.
Of Ambition, two books.

> Greek: 2.45. Πρὸς τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς α′.
Περὶ ὀδμῶν α′.
Περὶ οἴνου καὶ ἐλαίου.
Πρώτων προτάσεων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′ ια′ ιβ′ ιγ′ ιδ′ ιε′ ις′ ιζ′ ιη′.
Νομοθετῶν α′ β′ γ′.
Πολιτικῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′.
Πολιτικὸν πρὸς τοὺς καιροὺς α′ β′ γ′ δ′.
Πολιτικῶν ἐθῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′.
Περὶ τῆς ἀρίστης πολιτείας α′.
Προβλημάτων συναγωγῆς α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′.
Περὶ παροιμιῶν α′.
Περὶ πήξεων καὶ τήξεων α′.
Περὶ πυρὸς α′ β′.
Περὶ πνευμάτων α′.
Περὶ παραλύσεως α′.
Περὶ πνιγμοῦ α′
Περὶ παραφροσυνης α′.
Περὶ παθῶν α′.
Περὶ σημείων α′.
Σοφισμάτων α′ β′.
Περὶ συλλογισμῶν λύσεως α′.
Τοπικῶν α′ β′.
Περὶ τιμωρίας α′ β′.
Περὶ τριχῶν α′.
Περὶ τυραννίδος α′.
Περὶ ὕδατος α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ ὕπνου καὶ ἐνυπνίων α′.
Περὶ φιλίας α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ φιλοτιμίας α′ β′.

[¶13] 2.46. On Nature, three books.
On Physics, eighteen books.
An Epitome of Physics, two books.
Eight books of Physics.
A Reply to the Physical Philosophers, one book
Of Botanical Researches, ten books.
Of Botanical Causes, eight books.
On Juices, five books.
Of False Pleasure, one book.
One Dissertation on the Soul.
On Unscientific Proofs, one book.
On Simple Problems, one book.
Harmonics, one book.
Of Virtue, one book.
Materials for Argument, or Contrarieties, one book.
On Negation, one book.
On Judgement, one book.
Of the Ludicrous, one book.
Afternoon Essays, two books.
Divisions, two books.
On Differences, one book.
On Crimes, one book.
On Calumny, one book.
Of Praise, one book.
Of Experience, one book.
Three books of Letters.
On Animals produced spontaneously, one book.
Of Secretion, one book.

> Greek: 2.46. Περὶ φύσεως α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ φυσικῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′ ια′ ιβ′ ιγ′ ιδ′ ιε′ ις′ ιζ′ ιη′.
Περὶ φυσικῶν ἐπιτομῆς α′ β′.
Φυσικῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′.
Πρὸς τοὺς φυσικοὺς α′.
Περὶ φυτικῶν ἱστοριῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′.
Φυτικῶν αἰτιῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′
Περὶ χυλῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′.
Περὶ ψεύδους ἡδονῆς α′.
Περὶ ψυχῆς θέσις μία.
Περὶ τῶν ἀτέχνων πίστεων α′.
Περὶ τῶν ἁπλῶν διαπορημάτων α′.
Ἁρμονικῶν α′.
Περὶ ἀρετῆς α′.
Ἀφορμαὶ ἢ ἐναντιώσεις α′.
Περὶ ἀποφάσεως α′.
Περι γνώμης α′.
Περὶ γελοίου α′.
Δειλινῶν α′ β′.
Διαιρέσεις α′ β′.
Περὶ τῶν διαφορῶν α′.
Περὶ τῶν ἀδικημάτων α′.
Περὶ διαβολῆς α′.
Περὶ ἐπαίνου α′.
Περὶ ἐμπειρίας α′.
Ἐπιστολῶν α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ τῶν αὐτομάτων ζῴων α′.
Περὶ ἐκκρίσεως α′.

[¶14] 2.47. Panegyrics on the Gods, one book.
On Festivals, one book.
Of Good Fortune, one book.
On Enthymemes, one book.
Of Discoveries, two books.
Lectures on Ethics, one book.
Character Sketches, one book.
On Tumult or Riot, one book.
On Research, one book.
On Judging of Syllogisms, one book.
Of Flattery, one book.
Of the Sea, one book.
To Casander on Kingship, one book.
Of Comedy, one book.
[Of Metres, one book.]
Of Diction, one book.
A Compendium of Arguments, one book.
Solutions, one book.
On Music, three books.
On Measures, one book.
Megacles, one book.
On Laws, one book.
On Illegalities, one book.
A Compendium of the Writings of Xenocrates, one book.
Concerning Conversation, one book.
On Taking an Oath, one book.
Rhetorical Precepts, one book.
Of Wealth, one book.
On the Art of Poetry, one book.
Problems in Politics, Ethics, Physics, and in the Art of Love, one book.

> Greek: 2.47. Ἐγκώμια θεῶν α′.
Περὶ ἑορτῶν α′.
Περὶ εὐτυχίας α′.
Περὶ ἐνθυμημάτων α′.
Περὶ εὑρημάτων α′ β′.
Ἠθικῶν σχολῶν α′.
Ἠθικοὶ χαρακτῆρες α′.
Περὶ θορύβου α′.
Περὶ ἱστορίας α′.
Περὶ κρίσεως συλλογισμῶν α′.
Περὶ κολακείας α′.
Περὶ θαλάττης α′.
Πρὸς Κάσανδρον περὶ βασιλείας α′.
Περὶ κωμῳδίας α′.
[Περὶ μέτρων α′].
Περὶ λέξεως α′.
Λόγων συναγωγὴ α′.
Λύσεις α′.
Περὶ μουσικῆς α′ β′ γ′.
Περὶ μέτρων α′.
Μεγακλῆς α′.
Περὶ νόμων α′.
Περὶ παρανόμων α′.
Τῶν Ξενοκράτους συναγωγῆς α′.
Ὁμιλητικὸς α′.
Περὶ ὅρκου α′.
Παραγγέλματα ῥητορικῆς α′.
Περὶ πλούτου α′.
Περὶ ποιητικῆς α′.
Προβλήματα πολιτικά, ἠθικά, φυσικά, ἐρωτικὰ α′.

[¶15] 2.48. Preludes, one book.
A Collection of Problems, one book.
On Physical Problems, one book.
On Example, one book.
On Introduction and Narrative, one book.
Another tract on the Art of Poetry, one book.
Of the Wise, one book.
On Consultation, one book.
On Solecisms, one book.
On the Art of Rhetoric, one book.
The Special Commonplaces of the Treatises on Rhetoric, seventeen books.
On Acting, one book.
Lecture Notes of Aristotle or Theophrastus, six books.
Sixteen books of Physical Opinions.
Epitome of Physical Opinions, one book.
On Gratitude, one book.
[Character Sketches, one book.]
On Truth and Falsehood, one book.
The History of Theological Inquiry, six books.
Of the Gods, three books.
Geometrical Researches, four books.

> Greek: 2.48. Προοιμίων α′.
Προβλημάτων συναγωγῆς α′.
Περὶ τῶν προβλημάτων φυσικῶν α′.
Περὶ παραδείγματος α′.
Περὶ προθέσεως καὶ διηγήματος α′.
Περὶ ποιητικῆς ἄλλο α′.
Περὶ τῶν σοφῶν α′.
Περὶ συμβουλῆς α′.
Περὶ σολοικισμῶν α′.
Περὶ τέχνης ῥητορικῆς α′.
Περὶ τεχνῶν ῥητορικῶν εἴδη ιζ′.
Περὶ ὑποκρίσεως α′.
Ὑπομνημάτων Ἀριστοτελικῶν ἢ Θεοφραστείων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′.
Φυσικῶν δοξῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′ ζ′ η′ θ′ ι′ ια′ ιβ′ ιγ′ ιδ′ ιε′ ις′.
Φυσικῶν [δοξῶν] ἐπιτομῆς α′.
Περὶ χάριτος α′.
[Χαρακτῆρες ἠθικοί.]
Περὶ ψεύδους καὶ ἀληθοῦς α′.
Τῶν περὶ τὸ θεῖον ἱστορίας α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′.
Περὶ θεῶν α′ β′ γ′.
Ἱστορικῶν γεωμετρικῶν α′ β′ γ′ δ′.

[¶16] 2.49. Epitomes of Aristotle’s work on Animals, six books.
Two books of Refutative Arguments.
Theses, three books.
Of Kingship, two books.
Of Causes, one book.
On Democritus, one book.
[Of Calumny, one book.]
Of Becoming, one book.
Of the Intelligence and Character of Animals, one book.
On Motion, two books.
On Vision, four books.
Relating to Definitions, two books.
On Data, one book.
On Greater and Less, one book.
On the Musicians, one book.
Of the Happiness of the Gods, one book.
A Reply to the Academics, one book.
Exhortation to Philosophy, one book.
How States can best be governed, one book.
Lecture-Notes, one book.
On the Eruption in Sicily, one book.
On Things generally admitted, one book.
[On Problems in Physics, one book.]
What are the methods of attaining Knowledge, one book.
On the Fallacy known as the Liar, three books.

> Greek: 2.49. Επιτομῶν Ἀριστοτέλους περὶ ζῴων α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′.
Ἐπιχειρημάτων α′ β′.
Θέσεις γ′.
Περὶ βασιλείας α′ β′.
Περὶ αἰτιῶν α′.
Περὶ Δημοκρίτου α′.
[Περὶ διαβολῆς α′.]
Περὶ γενέσεως α′.
Περὶ ζῴων φρονήσεως καὶ ἤθους α′.
Περὶ κινήσεως α′ β′.
Περὶ ὄψεως α′ β′ γ′ δ′.
Πρὸς ὅρους α′ β′.
Περὶ τοῦ δεδόσθαι α′.
Περὶ μείζονος καὶ ἐλάττονος α′.
Περὶ τῶν μουσικῶν α′.
Περὶ τῆς θείας εὐδαιμονίας α′.
Πρὸς τοὺς ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας α′.
Προτρεπτικὸς α′.
Πῶς ἂν ἄριστα πόλεις οἰκοῖντο α′.
Τὰ ὑπομνήματα α′.
Περὶ ῥύακος τοῦ ἐν Σικελίᾳ α′.
Περὶ τῶν ὁμολογουμένων α′.
[Περὶ τῶν προβλημάτων φυσικῶν α′.
Τίνες οἱ τρόποι τοῦ ἐπίστασθαι α′.
Περὶ τοῦ ψευδομένου α′ β′ γ′.

[¶17] 2.50. Prolegomena to Topics, one book.
Relating to Aeschylus, one book.
Astronomical Research, six books.
Arithmetical Researches on Growth, one book.
Acicharus, one book.
On Forensic Speeches, one book.
[Of Calumny, one book.]
Correspondence with Astycreon, Phanias and Nicanor.
Of Piety, one book.
Evias, one book.
On Times of Crisis, two books.
On Relevant Arguments, one book.
On the Education of Children, one book.
Another treatise with the same title, one book.
Of Education or of the Virtues or of Temperance, one book.
[An Exhortation to Philosophy, one book.]
On Numbers, one book.
Definitions concerning the Diction of Syllogisms, one book.
Of the Heavens, one book.
Concerning Politics, two books.
On Nature.
On Fruits.
On Animals. In all 232,808 lines. So much for his writings.

> Greek: 2.50. Τὰ πρὸ τῶν τόπων α′.
Πρὸς Αἰσχύλον α′.
Ἀστρολογικῆς ἱστορίας α′ β′ γ′ δ′ ε′ ς′.
Ἀριθμητικῶν ἱστοριῶν περὶ αὐξήσεως α′.
Ἀκίχαρος α′.
Περὶ δικανικῶν λόγων α′.
[Περὶ διαβολῆς α′.]
Ἐπιστολαὶ αἱ ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀστυκρέοντι, Φανίᾳ, Νικάνορι.
Περὶ εὐσεβείας α′.
Εὐϊάδος α′.
Περὶ καιρῶν α′ β′.
Περὶ οἰκείων λόγων α′.
Περὶ παίδων ἀγωγῆς α′.
Ἄλλο διάφορον α′.
Περὶ παιδείας ἢ περὶ ἀρετῶν ἢ περὶ σωφροσύνης α′.
[Προτρεπτικὸς α′.]
Περὶ ἀριθμῶν α′.
Ὁριστικὰ περὶ λέξεως συλλογισμῶν α′.
Περὶ οὐρανοῦ α′.
Πολιτικοῦ α′ β′.
Περὶ φύσεως.
Περὶ καρπῶν.
Περὶ ζῴων. Ἃ γίνονται στίχων Μ′ κ′ γ′ Β ω′ η′· τοσαῦτα μὲν οὖν καὶ τῷδε τὰ βιβλία.

[¶18] 2.51. I have also come across his will, couched in the following terms: “All will be well; but in case anything should happen, I make these dispositions. I give and bequeath all my property at home to Melantes and Pancreon, the sons of Leon. It is my wish that out of the trust funds at the disposal of Hipparchus the following appropriations should be made. First, they should be applied to finish the rebuilding of the Museum with the statues of the goddesses, and to add any improvements which seem practicable to beautify them. Secondly, to replace in the temple the bust of Aristotle with the rest of the dedicated offerings which formerly were in the temple. Next, to rebuild the small cloister adjoining the Museum at least as handsomely as before, and to replace in the lower cloister the tablets containing maps of the countries traversed by explorers.”

> Greek: 2.51. Εὗρον δʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ διαθήκας τοῦτον ἐχούσας τὸν τρόπον· “Ἔσται μὲν εὖ· ἐὰν δέ τι συμβῇ, τάδε διατίθεμαι· τὰ μὲν οἴκοι ὑπάρχοντα πάντα δίδωμι Μελάντῃ καὶ Παγκρέοντι τοῖς υἱοῖς Λέοντος. ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν παρʼ Ἱππάρχου συμβεβλημένων τάδε μοι βούλομαι γενέσθαι· πρῶτον μὲν τὰ περὶ τὸ μουσεῖον καὶ τὰς θεὰς συντελεσθῆναι κἄν τι ἄλλο ἰσχύῃ περὶ αὐτὰς ἐπικοσμηθῆναι πρὸς τὸ κάλλιον· ἔπειτα τὴν Ἀριστοτέλους εἰκόνα τεθῆναι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἀναθήματα ὅσα πρότερον ὑπῆρχεν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ· εἶτα τὸ στωίδιον οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὸ πρὸς τῷ μουσείῳ μὴ χεῖρον ἢ πρότερον· ἀναθεῖναι δὲ καὶ τοὺς πίνακας, ἐν οἷς αἱ τῆς γῆς περίοδοί εἰσιν, εἰς τὴν κάτω στοάν·

[¶19] 2.52. “Further, to repair the altar so that it may be perfect and elegant. It is also my wish that the statue of Nicomachus should be completed of life size. The price agreed upon for the making of the statue itself has been paid to Praxiteles, but the rest of the cost should be defrayed from the source above mentioned. The statue should be set up in whatever place seems desirable to the executors entrusted with carrying out my other testamentary dispositions. Let all that concerns the temple and the offerings set up be arranged in this manner. The estate at Stagira belonging to me I give and bequeath to Callinus. The whole of my library I give to Neleus. The garden and the walk and the houses adjoining the garden, all and sundry, I give and bequeath to such of my friends hereinafter named as may wish to study literature and philosophy there in common,” “since it is not possible for all men to be always in residence, on condition that no one alienates the property or devotes it to his private use, but so that they hold it like a temple in joint possession and live, as is right and proper, on terms of familiarity and friendship.

> Greek: 2.52. ἐπισκευασθῆναι δὲ καὶ τὸν βωμόν, ὅπως ἔχῃ τὸ τέλειον καὶ τὸ εὔσχημον. βούλομαι δὲ καὶ τὴν Νικομάχου εἰκόνα συντελεσθῆναι ἴσην. τὸ μὲν τῆς πλάσεως ἔχει Πραξιτέλης, τὸ δʼ ἄλλο ἀνάλωμα ἀπὸ τούτου γενέσθω. σταθῆναι δὲ ὅπου ἂν δοκῇ τοῖς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελουμένοις τῶν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ γεγραμμένων. καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ τὰ ἀναθήματα τοῦτον ἐχέτω τὸν τρόπον. τὸ δὲ χωρίον τὸ ἐν Σταγείροις ἡμῖν ὑπάρχον δίδωμι Καλλίνῳ· τὰ δὲ βιβλία πάντα Νηλεῖ. τὸν δὲ κῆπον καὶ τὸν περίπατον καὶ τὰς οἰκίας τὰς πρὸς τῷ κήπῳ πάσας δίδωμι τῶν γεγραμμένων φίλων ἀεὶ τοῖς βουλομένοις συσχολάζειν καὶ συμφιλοσοφεῖν ἐν αὐταῖς, ἐπειδήπερ οὐ δυνατὸν πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἀεὶ ἐπιδημεῖν, μήτʼ ἐξαλλοτριοῦσι μήτʼ ἐξιδιαζομένου μηδενός, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἂν ἱερὸν κοινῇ κεκτημένοις, καὶ τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἰκείως καὶ φιλικῶς χρωμένοις, ὥσπερ προσῆκον καὶ δίκαιον.

[¶20] 2.53. Let the community consist of Hipparchus, Neleus, Strato, Callinus, Demotimus, Demaratus, Callisthenes, Melantes, Pancreon, Nicippus. Aristotle, the son of Metrodorus and Pythias, shall also have the right to study and associate with them if he so desire. And the oldest of them shall pay every attention to him, in order to ensure for him the utmost proficiency in philosophy. Let me be buried in any spot in the garden which seems most suitable, without unnecessary outlay upon my funeral or upon my monument.”

> Greek: 2.53. ἔστωσαν δὲ οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Ἵππαρχος, Νηλεύς, Στράτων, Καλλῖνος, Δημότιμος, Δημάρατος, Καλλισθένης, Μελάντης, Παγκρέων, Νίκιππος. ἐξεῖναι δὲ βουλομένῳ φιλοσοφεῖν καὶ Ἀριστοτέλει τῷ Μητροδώρου καὶ Πυθιάδος υἱῷ καὶ μετέχειν τούτων· καὶ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν ἐπιμέλειαν ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς πρεσβυτάτους, ὅπως ὅτι μάλιστα προαχθῇ κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν. θάψαι δὲ καὶ ἡμᾶς ὅπου ἂν δοκῇ μάλιστα ἁρμόττον εἶναι τοῦ κήπου, μηδὲν περίεργον μήτε περὶ τὴν ταφὴν μήτε περὶ τὸ μνημεῖον ποιοῦντας.

[¶21] 2.54. “And according to previous agreement let the charge of attending, after my decease, to the temple and the monument and the garden and the walk be shared by Pompylus in person, living close by as he does, and exercising the same supervision over all other matters as before; and those who hold the property shall watch over his interests. Pompylus and Threpta have long been emancipated and have done me much service; and I think that 2000 drachmas certainly ought to belong to them from previous payments made to them by me, from their own earnings, and my present bequest to them to be paid by Hipparchus, as I stated many times in conversation with Melantes and Pancreon themselves, who agreed with me. I give and bequeath to them the maidservant Somatale.”

> Greek: 2.54. ὅπως δὲ συνείρηται, μετὰ τὰ περὶ ἡμᾶς συμβάντα, τὰ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ τὸν κῆπον καὶ τὸν περίπατον θεραπευόμενα συνεπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ Πομπύλον τούτων ἐποικοῦντα αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμέλειαν ποιούμενον ἣν καὶ πρότερον· τῆς δὲ λυσιτελείας ἐπιμελεῖσθαι αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἔχοντας ταῦτα. Πομπύλῳ δὲ καὶ Θρέπτῃ πάλαι ἐλευθέροις οὖσι καὶ ἡμῖν πολλὴν χρείαν παρεσχημένοις, εἴ τι πρότερον ἔχουσι παρʼ ἡμῶν καὶ εἴ τι αὐτοὶ ἐκτήσαντο καὶ ἃ νῦν παρʼ Ἱππάρχου αὐτοῖς συντέταχα, δισχιλίας δραχμάς, ἀσφαλῶς οἶμαι δεῖν αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχειν ταῦτα, καθάπερ καὶ αὐτὸς διελέχθην Μελάντῃ καὶ Παγκρέοντι πλεονάκις καὶ πάντα μοι συγκατετίθεντο. δίδωμι δʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ Σωματάλην τὴν παιδίσκην.

[¶22] 2.55. “And of my slaves I at once emancipate Molon and Timon and Parmeno; to Manes and Callias I give their freedom on condition that they stay four years in the garden and work there together and that their conduct is free from blame. Of my household furniture let so much as the executors think right be given to Pompylus and let the rest be sold. I also devise Carion to Demotimus, and Donax to Neleus. But Euboeus must be sold. Let Hipparchus pay to Callinus 3000 drachmas. And if I had not seen that Hipparchus had done great service to Melantes and Pancreon and formerly to me, and that now in his private affairs he has made shipwreck, I would have appointed him jointly with Melantes and Pancreon to carry out my wishes.”

> Greek: 2.55. τῶν δὲ παίδων Μόλωνα μὲν καὶ Τίμωνα καὶ Παρμένοντα ἤδη ἐλευθέρους ἀφίημι· Μανῆν δὲ καὶ Καλλίαν παραμείναντας ἔτη τέτταρα ἐν τῷ κήπῳ καὶ συνεργασαμένους καὶ ἀναμαρτήτους γενομένους ἀφίημι ἐλευθέρους. τῶν δὲ οἰκηματικῶν σκευῶν ἀποδιδόντας Πομπύλῳ ὅσʼ ἂν δοκῇ τοῖς ἐπιμεληταῖς καλῶς ἔχειν, τὰ λοιπὰ ἐξαργυρίσαι. δίδωμι δὲ καὶ Καρίωνα Δημοτίμῳ, Δόνακα δὲ Νηλεῖ· Εὔβοιον δʼ ἀποδόσθαι. δότω δʼ Ἵππαρχος Καλλίνῳ τρισχιλίας δραχμάς· Μελάντῃ δὲ καὶ Παγκρέοντι εἰ μὲν μὴ ἑωρῶμεν Ἵππαρχον καὶ ἡμῖν πρότερον χρείαν παρεσχημένον καὶ νῦν ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις μάλα νεναυαγηκότα, προσετάξαμεν ἂν μετὰ Μελάντου καὶ Παγκρέοντος ἐξάγειν αὐτά.

[¶23] 2.56. “But, since I saw that it was not easy for them to share the management with him, and I thought it more advantageous for them to receive a fixed sum from Hipparchus, let Hipparchus pay Melantes and Pancreon one talent each and let Hipparchus provide funds for the executors to defray the expenses set down in the will, as each disbursement falls due. And when Hipparchus shall have carried out all these injunctions, he shall be released in full from his liabilities to me. And any advance that he has made in Chalcis in my name belongs to him alone. Let Hipparchus, Neleus, Strato, Callinus, Demotimus, Callisthenes and Ctesarchus be executors to carry out the terms of the will.”

> Greek: 2.56. ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὔτʼ ἐκείνοις ἑώρων ῥᾴδιον ὄντα συνοικονομεῖν λυσιτελέστερόν τʼ αὐτοῖς ὑπελάμβανον εἶναι τεταγμένον τι λαβεῖν παρὰ Ἱππάρχου, δότω Ἵππαρχος Μελάντῃ καὶ Παγκρέοντι, ἑκατέρῳ τάλαντον· διδόναι δʼ Ἵππαρχον καὶ τοῖς ἐπιμεληταῖς εἰς τὰ ἀναλώματα τὰ ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ γεγραμμένα κατὰ τοὺς ἑκάστου καιροὺς τῶν δαπανημάτων. οἰκονομήσαντα δὲ ταῦτα Ἵππαρχον ἀπηλλάχθαι τῶν συμβολαίων τῶν πρὸς ἐμὲ πάντων· καὶ εἴ τι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀνόματος συμβέβληκεν Ἵππαρχος ἐν Χαλκίδι, Ἱππάρχου τοῦτό ἐστιν. ἐπιμεληταὶ δὲ ἔστωσαν τῶν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ γεγραμμένων Ἵππαρχος, Νηλεύς, Στράτων, Καλλῖνος, Δημότιμος, Καλλισθένης, Κτήσαρχος.

[¶24] 2.57. “One copy of the will, sealed with the signet-ring of Theophrastus, is deposited with Hegesias, the son of Hipparchus, the witnesses being Callippus of Pallene, Philomelus of Euonymaea, Lysander of Hyba, and Philo of Alopece. Olympiodorus has another copy, the witnesses being the same. The third copy was received by Adeimantus, the bearer being Androsthenes junior; and the witnesses are Arimnestus the son of Cleobulus, Lysistratus the son of Pheidon of Thasos, Strato the son of Arcesilaus of Lampsacus, Thesippus the son of Thesippus of Cerameis, and Dioscurides the son of Dionysius of Epicephisia.” Such is the tenor of his will. There are some who say that Erasistratus the physician was also a pupil of his, and it is not improbable.

> Greek: 2.57. αἱ διαθῆκαι κεῖνται ἀντίγραφα τῷ Θεοφράστου δακτυλίῳ σεσημασμέναι, μία μὲν παρὰ Ἡγησίᾳ Ἱππάρχου· μάρτυρες Κάλλιππος Παλληνεύς, Φιλόμηλος Εὐωνυμεύς, Λύσανδρος Ὑβάδης, Φίλων Ἀλωπεκῆθεν. τὴν δʼ ἑτέραν ἔχει Ὀλυμπιόδωρος· μάρτυρες δʼ οἱ αὐτοί. τὴν δʼ ἑτέραν ἔλαβεν Ἀδείμαντος, ἀπήνεγκε δὲ Ἀνδροσθένης ὁ υἱός· μάρτυρες Ἀρίμνηστος Κλεοβούλου, Λυσίστρατος Φείδωνος Θάσιος, Στράτων Ἀρκεσιλάου Λαμψακηνός, Θήσιππος Θησίππου ἐκ Κεραμέων, Διοσκουρίδης Διονυσίου Ἐπικηφίσιος. Ὧδʼ ἔχουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ αἱ διαθῆκαι. Ἀκοῦσαι δʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἐρασίστρατον τὸν ἰατρόν εἰσιν οἳ λέγουσι· καὶ εἰκός.

[¶25] 3.58. His successor in the school was Strato, the son of Arcesilaus, a native of Lampsacus, whom he mentioned in his will; a distinguished man who is generally known as “the physicist,” because more than anyone else he devoted himself to the most careful study of nature. Moreover, he taught Ptolemy Philadelphus and received, it is said, 80 talents from him. According to Apollodorus in his Chronology he became head of the school in the 123rd Olympiad, and continued to preside over it for eighteen years.

> Greek: 3.58. Διεδέξατο δʼ αὐτοῦ τὴν σχολὴν Στράτων Ἀρκεσιλάου Λαμψακηνός, οὗ καὶ ἐν ταῖς διαθήκαις ἐμνημόνευσεν· ἀνὴρ ἐλλογιμώτατος καὶ φυσικὸς ἐπικληθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην παρʼ ὁντινοῦν ἐπιμελέστατα διατετριφέναι. ἀλλὰ καὶ καθηγήσατο Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Φιλαδέλφου καὶ ἔλαβε, φασί, παρʼ αὐτοῦ τάλαντα ὀγδοήκοντα· σχολαρχεῖν δέ, καθά φησιν Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν Χρονικοῖς, ἤρξατο τῇ τρίτῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ καὶ ἑκατοστῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι, τῆς σχολῆς ἀφηγησάμενος ἔτη ὀκτωκαίδεκα.

[¶26] 3.59. There are extant of his works:
Of Kingship, three books.
Of Justice, three books.
Of the Good, three books.
Of the Gods, three books.
On First Principles, three books.
On Various Modes of Life.
Of Happiness.
On the Philosopher-King.
Of Courage.
On the Void.
On the Heaven.
On the Wind.
Of Human Nature.
On the Breeding of Animals.
Of Mixture.
Of Sleep.
Of Dreams.
Of Vision.
Of Sensation.
Of Pleasure.
On Colours.
Of Diseases.
Of the Crises in Diseases.
On Faculties.
On Mining Machinery.
Of Starvation and Dizziness.
On the Attributes Light and Heavy.
Of Enthusiasm or Ecstasy.
On Time.
On Growth and Nutrition.
On Animals the existence of which is questioned.
On Animals in Folk-lore or Fable.
Of Causes.
Solutions of Difficulties.
Introduction to Topics.
Of Accident.

> Greek: 3.59. Φέρεται δʼ αὐτοῦ βιβλία
Περὶ βασιλείας τρία.
Περὶ δικαιοσύνης τρία.
Περὶ τἀγαθοῦ γ′.
Περὶ θεῶν γ′.
Περὶ ἀρχῶν γ′.
Περὶ βίων.
Περὶ εὐδαιμονίας.
Περὶ βασιλέως φιλοσόφου.
Περὶ ἀνδρείας.
Περὶ τοῦ κενοῦ.
Περὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.
Περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος.
Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρωπίνης.
Περὶ ζωογονίας.
Περὶ μίξεως.
Περὶ ὕπνου.
Περὶ ἐνυπνίων.
Περὶ ὄψεως.
Περὶ αἰσθήσεως.
Περὶ ἡδονῆς.
Περὶ χρωμάτων.
Περὶ νόσων.
Περὶ κρίσεων.
Περὶ δυνάμεων.
Περὶ τῶν μεταλλικῶν μηχανημάτων.
Περὶ λιμοῦ καὶ σκοτώσεων.
Περὶ κούφου καὶ βαρέος.
Περὶ ἐνθουσιασμοῦ.
Περὶ χρόνου.
Περὶ τροφῆς καὶ αὐξήσεως.
Περὶ τῶν ἀπορουμένων ζῳων.
Περὶ τῶν μυθολογουμένων ζῴων.
Περὶ αἰτιῶν.
Λύσεις ἀπορουμένων.
Τόπων προοίμια.
Περὶ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος.

[¶27] 3.60. Of Definition.
On difference of Degree.
Of Injustice.
Of the logically Prior and Posterior.
Of the Genus of the Prior.
Of the Property or Essential Attribute.
Of the Future.
Examinations of Discoveries, in two books.
Lecture-notes, the genuineness of which is doubted.
Letters beginning “Strato to Arsinoë greeting.” Strato is said to have grown so thin that he felt nothing when his end came. And I have written some lines upon him as follows: “A thin, spare man in body, take my word for it, owing to his use of unguents, was this Strato, I at least affirm, to whom Lampsacus gave birth. For ever wrestling with diseases, he died unawares or ever he felt the hand of death.”

> Greek: 3.60. Περὶ τοῦ ὅρου.
Περὶ τοῦ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον.
Περὶ ἀδίκου.
Περὶ τοῦ προτέρου καὶ ὑστέρον
Περὶ τοῦ προτέρου γένους.
Περὶ τοῦ ἰδίου.
Περὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος.
Εὑρημάτων ἔλεγχοι δύο.
Ὑπομνήματα, ἃ διστάζεται.
Ἐπιστολαὶ ὧν ἡ ἀρχή· Στράτων Ἀρσινόῃ εὖ πράττειν. Τοῦτόν φασιν οὕτω γενέσθαι λεπτὸν ὡς ἀναισθήτως τελευτῆσαι. καὶ ἔστιν ἡμῶν εἰς αὐτὸν οὕτως ἔχον·
λεπτὸς ἀνὴρ δέμας ἦν, εἴ μοι προσέχεις, ἀπὸ χρισμῶν·
Στράτωνα τοῦτόν φημί σοι
Λάμψακος ὅν ποτʼ ἔφυσεν· ἀεὶ δὲ νόσοισι παλαίων
θνήσκει λαθών, οὐδʼ ᾔσθετο.

[¶28] 3.61. There have been eight men who bore the name of Strato: (1) a pupil of Isocrates; (2) our subject; (3) a physician, a disciple, or, as some say, a fosterchild, of Erasistratus; (4) a historian, who treated of the struggle of Philip and Perseus against the Romans; (5) * *; (6) a poet who wrote epigrams; (7) a physician who lived in ancient times, mentioned by Aristotle; (8) a Peripatetic philosopher who lived in Alexandria. But to return to Strato the physicist. His will is also extant and it runs as follows: “In case anything should happen to me I make these dispositions. All the goods in my house I give and bequeath to Lampyrio and Arcesilaus. From the money belonging to me in Athens, in the first place my executors shall provide for my funeral and for all that custom requires to be done after the funeral, without extravagance on the one hand or meanness on the other.”

> Greek: 3.61. Γεγόνασι δὲ Στράτωνες ὀκτώ· πρῶτος Ἰσοκράτους ἀκροατής· δεύτερος αὐτὸς οὗτος· τρίτος ἰατρός, μαθητὴς Ἐρασιστράτου, ὡς δέ τινες, τρόφιμος· τέταρτος ἱστορικός, Φιλίππου καὶ Περσέως τῶν Ῥωμαίοις πολεμησάντων γεγραφὼς πράξεις· * * ἕκτος ποιητὴς ἐπιγραμμάτων· ἕβδομος ἰατρὸς ἀρχαῖος, ὡς Ἀριστοτέλης φησίν· ὄγδοος περιπατητικός, βεβιωκὼς ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ. Τοῦ δʼ οὖν φυσικοῦ φέρονται καὶ διαθῆκαι τοῦτον ἔχουσαι τὸν τρόπον· “Τάδε διατίθεμαι, ἐάν τι πάσχω· τὰ μὲν οἴκοι καταλείπω πάντα Λαμπυρίωνι καὶ Ἀρκεσιλάῳ. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἀθήνησιν ὑπάρχοντός μοι ἀργυρίου πρῶτον μὲν οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἐκφορὰν ἐπιμεληθήτωσαν καὶ ὅσα νομίζεται μετὰ τὴν ἐκφοράν, μηδὲν μήτε περίεργον ποιοῦντες μήτʼ ἀνελεύθερον.

[¶29] 3.62. “The executors of this my will shall be Olympichus, Aristides, Mnesigenes, Hippocrates, Epicrates, Gorgylus, Diocles, Lyco, Athanes. I leave the school to Lyco, since of the rest some are too old and others too busy. But it would be well if the others would co-operate with him. I also give and bequeath to him all my books, except those of which I am the author, and all the furniture in the dining-hall, the cushions and the drinking-cups. The trustees shall give Epicrates 500 drachmas and one of the servants whom Arcesilaus shall approve.”

> Greek: 3.62. ἐπιμεληταὶ δὲ ἔστωσαν τῶν κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην οἵδε· Ὀλύμπιχος, Ἀριστείδης, Μνησιγένης, Ἱπποκράτης, Ἐπικράτης, Γοργύλος, Διοκλῆς, Λύκων, Ἀθάνης. καταλείπω δὲ τὴν μὲν διατριβὴν Λύκωνι, ἐπειδὴ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ μέν εἰσι πρεσβύτεροι, οἱ δὲ ἄσχολοι. καλῶς δʼ ἂν ποιοῖεν καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ συγκατασκευάζοντες τούτῳ. καταλείπω δʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ βιβλία πάντα, πλὴν ὧν αὐτοὶ γεγράφαμεν, καὶ τὰ σκεύη πάντα κατὰ τὸ συσσίτιον καὶ τὰ στρώματα καὶ τὰ ποτήρια. δότωσαν δὲ οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ Ἐπικράτει πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς καὶ τῶν παίδων ἕνα ὃν ἂν δοκῇ Ἀρκεσιλάῳ.