---
title: "Aphorisms · Ἀφορισμοί"
author: "Hippocrates"
translator: "Francis Adams"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
url: https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/
cite: "Hippocrates, tr. Francis Adams, Aphorisms · Ἀφορισμοί. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/"
---

# Aphorisms · Ἀφορισμοί

*Hippocrates, tr. Francis Adams*

“Life is short, the art long”: the most famous sayings of Greek medicine.

> Greek: ed. Émile Littré, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0627.tlg012, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: Francis Adams, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0627.tlg012.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## Contents

1. [Sections 1–3](https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/1.md)
2. [Sections 3–5](https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/2.md)
3. [Sections 5–7](https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/3.md)

## 1. Sections 1–3

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/1/#p-N

[¶0] Life is short, and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience perilous, and decision difficult. The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate.

> Greek: ΑΦΟΡΙΣΜΟΙ.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ. 1. ὁ βίος βραχὺς, ἡ δὲ τέχνη μακρὴ, ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὀξὺς, ἡ δὲ πεῖρα σφαλερὴ, ἡ δὲ κρίσις χαλεπή. δεῖ δὲ οὐ μόνον ἑωυτὸν παρέχειν τὰ δέοντα ποιεῦντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν νοσέοντα, καὶ τοὺς παρεόντας, καὶ τὰ ἔξωθεν.

[¶1] 1.2. In disorders of the bowels and vomitings, occurring spontaneously, if the matters purged be such as ought to be purged, they do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. And so artificial evacuations, if they consist of such matters as should be evacuated, do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. One, then, ought to look to the country, the season, the age, and the diseases in which they are proper or not.

> Greek: 1.2. 2. ἐν τῇσι τα ραχῇσι τῆς κοιλίης, καὶ ἐμέτοισι, τοῖσιν αὐτομάτως γιγνομένοισιν, ἢν μὲν, οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· ἢν δὲ μὴ, τοὐναντίον. οὕτω δὲ καὶ κενεαγγείη, ἢν μὲν, οἷα δεῖ γίγνεσθαι, γίγνηται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· ἢν δὲ μὴ, τοὐναντίον. ἐπιβλέπειν οὖν δεῖ καὶ χώρην, καὶ ὥρην, καὶ ἡλικίην, καὶ νούσους, ἐν ᾗσι δεῖ, ἢ οὔ.

[¶2] 1.3. In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, is dangerous, for they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary; and since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor improve, it only remains for them to get worse; for these reasons the embonpoint should be reduced without delay, that the body may again have a commencement of reparation. Neither should the evacuations, in their case, be carried to an extreme, for this also is dangerous, but only to such a point as the person’s constitution can endure. In like manner, medicinal evacuations, if carried to an extreme, are dangerous; and again, a restorative course, if in the extreme, is dangerous.

> Greek: 1.3. 3. ἐν τοῖσι γυμναστικοῖσιν αἱ ἐπʼ ἄκρον εὐεξίαι σφαλεραὶ, ἢν ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἔωσιν· οὐ γὰρ δύνανται μένειν ἐν τῷ αὐτέῳ, οὐδὲ ἀτρεμέειν· ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἀτρεμέουσιν, οὐδʼ ἔτι δυνάνται ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον ἐπιδιδόναι, λείπεται ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον· τουτέων οὖν εἵνεκεν τὴν εὐεξίην λύειν ξυμφέρει μὴ βραδέως, ἵνα πάλιν ἀρχὴν ἀναθρέψιος λαμβάνῃ τὸ σῶμα· μηδὲ τὰς ξυμπτώσιας ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἄγειν, σφαλερὸν γὰρ, ἀλλʼ ὁκοίη ἂν ἡ φύσις ᾖ τοῦ μέλλοντος ὑπομένειν, ἐς τοῦτο ἄγειν. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ αἱ κενώσιες αἱ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἄγουσαι, σφαλεραί· καὶ πάλιν αἱ ἀναθρέψιες, αἱ ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐοῦσαι, σφαλεραί.

[¶3] 1.4. A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic diseases, and also in acute diseases, where it is not requisite. And again, a diet brought to the extreme point of attenuation is dangerous; and repletion, when in the extreme, is also dangerous.

> Greek: 1.4. 4. αἱ λεπταὶ καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι μακροῖσιν αἰεὶ πάθεσι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσιν, οὗ μὴ ἐπιδέχεται, σφαλεραί. καὶ πάλιν αἱ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον λεπτότητος ἀφιγμέναι δίαιται, χαλεπαί· καὶ γὰρ αἱ πληρώσιες αἱ ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐοῦσαι, χαλεπαί.

[¶4] 1.5. In a restricted diet, patients who transgress are thereby more hurt (than in any other?); for every such transgression, whatever it may be, is followed by greater consequences than in a diet somewhat more generous. On this account, a very slender, regulated, and restricted diet is dangerous to persons in health, because they bear transgressions of it more difficultly. For this reason, a slender and restricted diet is generally more dangerous than one a little more liberal.

> Greek: 1.5. 5. ἐν τῇσι λεπτῇσι διαίτῃσιν ἁμαρτάνουσιν οἱ νοσέοντες, διὸ μᾶλλον βλάπτονται· πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἂν γίνηται, μέγα γίνεται μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐν τῇσιν ὀλίγον ἁδροτέρῃσι διαίτῃσιν· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τοῖσιν ὁγιαίνουσι σφαλεραὶ αἱ πάνυ λεπταὶ καὶ καθεστηκυῖαι καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, ὅτι τὰ ἁμαρτανόμενα χαλεπώτερον φέρουσιν. διὰ τοῦτο οὖν αἱ λεπταὶ καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, σφαλεραὶ ἐς τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν σμικρῷ ἁδροτέρων.

[¶5] 1.6. For extreme diseases, extreme methods of cure, as to restriction, are most suitable.

> Greek: 1.6. 6. ἐς δὲ τὰ ἔσχατα νουσήματα αἱ ἔσχαται θεραπεῖαι ἐς ἀκριβείην, κράτισται.

[¶6] 1.7. When the disease is very acute, it is attended with extremely severe symptoms in its first stage; and therefore an extremely attenuating diet must be used. When this is not the case, but it is allowable to give a more generous diet, we may depart as far from the severity of regimen as the disease, by its mildness, is removed from the extreme.

> Greek: 1.7. 7. ὅκου μὲν κάτοξυ τὸ νούσημα, αὐτίκα καὶ τοὺς ἐσχάτους πόνους ἔχει, καὶ τῇ ἐσχάτως λεπτοτάτῃ διαίτῃ ἀναγκαῖον χρέεσθαι· ὅκου δὲ μὴ, ἀλλʼ ἐνδέχεται ἁδροτέρως διαιτᾷν, τοσοῦτον ὑποκαταβαίνειν, ὁκόσον ἂν ἡ νοῦσος μαλθακωτέρη τῶν ἐσχάτων ἔῃ.

[¶7] 1.8. When the disease is at its height, it will then be necessary to use the most slender diet.

> Greek: 1.8. 8. ὁκόταν δὲ ἀκμάζῃ τὸ νούσημα, τότε λεπτοτάτῃ διαίτῃ ἀναγκαῖον χρέεσθαι.

[¶8] 1.9. We must form a particular judgment of the patient, whether he will support the diet until the acme of the disease, and whether he will sink previously and not support the diet, or the disease will give way previously, and become less acute.

> Greek: 1.9. 9. ξυντεκμαίρεσθαι δὲ χρὴ καὶ τὸν νοσέοντα, εἰ ἐξαρκέσει τῇ διαίτῃ πρὸς τὴν ἀκμὴν τῆς νούσου, καὶ πότερον ἐκεῖνος ἀπαυδήσει πρότερον, καὶ οὐκ ἐξαρκέσει τῇ διαίτῃ, ἢ ἡ νοῦσος πρότερον ἀπαυδήσει καὶ ἀμβλυνεῖται.

[¶9] 1.10. In those cases, then, which attain their acme speedily, a restricted diet should be enjoined at first; but in those cases which reach their acme later, we must retrench at that period or a little before it; but previously we must allow a more generous diet to support the patient.

> Greek: 1.10. 10. Ὁκόσοισι μὲν οὖν αὐτίκα ἡ ἀκμὴ, αὐτίκα λεπτῶς διαιτῇν· ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐς ὕστερον ἡ ἀκμὴ, ἐς ἐκεῖνο, καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνου σμικρὸν, ἀφαιρετέον· ἔμπροσθεν δὲ, πιοτέρως διαιτῇν, ὡς ἂν ἐξαρκέσῃ ὁ νοσέων.

[¶10] 1.11. We must retrench during paroxysms, for to exhibit food would be injurious. And in all diseases having periodical paroxysms, we must restrict during the paroxysms.

> Greek: 1.11. 11. ἐν δὲ τοῖσι παροξυσμοῖσιν ὑποστέλλεσθαι χρή· τὸ προστιθέναι γὰρ βλάβη· καὶ ὁκόσα κατὰ περιόδους παροξύνεται, ἐν τοῖσι παροξυσμοῖσιν ὑποστέλλεσθαι χρή.

[¶11] 1.12. The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the diseases, the seasons of the year, the reciprocation of the periods, whether they occur every day, every alternate day, or after a longer period, and by the supervening symptoms; as, for example, in pleuritic cases, expectoration, if it occur at the commencement, shortens the attack, but if it appear later, it prolongs the same; and in the same manner the urine, and alvine discharges, and sweats, according as they appear along with favorable or unfavorable symptoms, indicate diseases of a short or long duration.

> Greek: 1.12. 12. τοὺς δὲ παροξυσμοὺς καὶ τὰς καταστάσιας δηλώσουσιν αἱ νοῦσοι, καὶ αἱ ὧραι τοῦ ἔτεος, καὶ αἱ τῶν περιόδων πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἀνταποδόσιες, ἤν τε καθʼ ἡμέρην, ἤν τε παρʼ ἡμέρην, ἤν τε καὶ διὰ πλείονος χρόνου γίγνωνται· ἀτὰρ καὶ τοῖσιν ἐπιφαινομένοισιν, οἷον ἐν πλευριτικοῖσι πτύελον ἢν μὲν αὐτίκα ἐπιφαίνηται, ἀρχομένου, βραχύνει, ἢν δʼ ὕστερον ἐπιφαίνηται, μηκύνει· καὶ οὖρα καὶ ὑποχωρήματα καὶ ἱδρῶτες, καὶ δύσκριτα καὶ εὔκριτα, καὶ βραχέα καὶ μακρὰ τὰ νοσήματα, ἐπιφαινόμενα, δηλοῖ.

[¶12] 1.13. Old persons endure fasting most easily; next, adults; young persons not nearly so well; and most especially infants, and of them such as are of a particularly lively spirit.

> Greek: 1.13. 13. γέροντες εὐφορώτατα νηστείην φέρουσι, δεύτερον, οἱ καθεστηκότες, ἥκιστα, μειράκια, πάντων δὲ μάλιστα, παιδία, τουτέων δὲ αὐτέων ἃ ἂν τύχῃ αὐτὰ ἑωυτέων προθυμότερα ἐόντα.

[¶13] 1.14. Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefore require the most food, for otherwise their bodies are wasted. In old persons the heat is feeble, and therefore they require little fuel, as it were, to the flame, for it would be extinguished by much. On this account, also, fevers in old persons are not equally acute, because their bodies are cold.

> Greek: 1.14. 14. τὰ αὐξανόμενα πλεῖστον ἔχει τὸ ἔμφυτον θερμόν· πλείστης οὖν δεῖται τροφῆς· εἰ δὲ μὴ, τὸ σῶμα ἀναλίσκεται· γέρουσι δὲ ὀλίγον τὸ θερμὸν, διὰ τοῦτο ἄρα ὀλίγων ὑπεκκαυμάτων δέονται· ὑπὸ πολλῶν γὰρ ἀποσβέννυται· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ τοῖσι γέρουσιν οὐχ ὁμοίως ὀξέεες· ψυχρὸν γὰρ τὸ σῶμα.

[¶14] 1.15. In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest, and the sleep most prolonged; at these seasons, then, the most sustenance is to be administered; for as the belly has then most innate heat, it stands in need of most food. The well-known facts with regard to young persons and the athletae prove this.

> Greek: 1.15. 15. αἱ κοιλίαι χειμῶνος καὶ ἦρος θερμόταται φύσει, καὶ ὕπνοι μακρότατοι ἐν ταύτῃσιν οὖν τῇσιν ὥρῃσι, καὶ τὰ προσάρματα πλείω δοτέον· καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἔμφυτον θερμὸν πλεῖστον ἔχει· τροφῆς οὖν πλείονος δεῖται· σημεῖον, αἱ ἡλικίαι καὶ οἱ ἀθληταί.

[¶15] 1.16. A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases, and particularly in children, and others accustomed to live on such a diet.

> Greek: 1.16. 16. αἱ ὑγραὶ δίαιται πᾶσι τοῖσι πυρεταίνουσι ξυμφέρουσι, μάλιστα δὲ παιδίοισι, καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι τοῖσιν οὕτως εἰθισμένοισι διαιτᾶσθαι.

[¶16] 1.17. We must consider, also, in which cases food is to be given once or twice a day, and in greater or smaller quantities, and at intervals. Something must be conceded to habit, to season, to country, and to age.

> Greek: 1.17. 17. καὶ οἷσιν ἅπαξ, ἢ δὶς, καὶ πλείω ἢ ἐλάσσω, καὶ κατὰ μέρος· δοτέον δέ τι καὶ τῷ ἔθει, καὶ τῇ ὥρῃ, καὶ τῇ χώρῃ, καὶ τῇ ἡλικίη.

[¶17] 1.18. Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn, most easily in winter, and next in spring.

> Greek: 1.18. 18. θέρεος καὶ φθινοπώρου σιτία δυσφορώτατα φέρουσι, χειμῶνος ῥήϊστα, ἦρος δεύτερον.

[¶18] 1.19. Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical paroxysms, but abstract from the accustomed allowance before the crisis.

> Greek: 1.19. 19. τοῖσιν ἐν τῇσι περιόδοισι παροξυνομένοισι μηδὲν διδόναι, μηδʼ ἀναγκάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἀφαιρέειν τῶν προσθεσίων πρὸ τῶν κρισίων.

[¶19] 1.20. When things are at the crisis, or when they have just passed it, neither move the bowels, nor make any innovation in the treatment, either as regards purgatives or any other such stimulants, but let things alone.

> Greek: 1.20. 20. τὰ κρινόμενα καὶ τὰ κεκριμένα ἀρτίως, μὴ κινέειν, μηδὲ νεωτεροποιέειν, μήτε φαρμακείῃσι, μήτʼ ἄλλοισιν ἐρεθισμοῖσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐᾷν.

[¶20] 1.21. Those things which require to be evacuated should be evacuated, wherever they most tend, by the proper outlets.

> Greek: 1.21. 21. ἁ δεῖ ἄγειν, ὅκου ἂν μάλιστα ῥέπῃ, ταύτῃ ἄγειν, διὰ τῶν ξυμφερόντων χωρίων 22.

[¶21] 1.22. We must purge and move such humors as are concocted, not such as are unconcocted, unless they are struggling to get out, which is mostly not the case.

> Greek: 1.22. πέπονα φαρμακεύειν καὶ κινέειν, μὴ ὠμὰ, μηδὲ ἐν ἀρχῇσιν, ἢν μὴ ὀργᾷ· τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα οὐκ ὀργᾷ.

[¶22] 1.23. The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity, but whether they be such as they should be, and how they are borne. And when proper to carry the evacuation to deliquium animi, this also should be done, provided the patient can support it.

> Greek: 1.23. 23. τὰ χωρέοντα μὴ τῷ πλήθει τεκμαίρεσθαι, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἂν χωρέῃ οἷα δεῖ, καὶ φέρῃ εὐφόρως· καὶ ὁκου δεῖ μέχρι λειποθυμίης ἄγειν, καὶ τοῦτο ποιέειν, ἢν ἐξαρκέῃ ὁ νοσέων.

[¶23] 1.24. Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases, and at the commencement, and not without proper circumspection.

> Greek: 1.24. 24. ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι πάθεσιν ὀλιγάκις καὶ ἐν ἀρχῇσι τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι χρέεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο προεξευκρινήσαντα ποιέειν.

[¶24] 1.25. If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, the evacuation is beneficial, and easily borne; but, not withstanding, if otherwise, with difficulty.

> Greek: 1.25. 25. ἢν, οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε, καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· τὰ δʼ ἐναντία, δυσχερῶς.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ.

[¶25] 2.1. In whatever disease sleep is laborious, it is a deadly symptom; but if sleep does good, it is not deadly.

> Greek: 2.1. 1. ἐν ᾧ νοσήματι ὕπνος πόνον ποιέει, θανάσιμον· ἢν δὲ ὕπνος ὠφελέῃ, οὐ θανάσιμον.

[¶26] 2.2. When sleep puts an end to delirium, it is a good symptom.

> Greek: 2.2. 2. ὅκου παραφροσύνην ὕπνος παύει, ἀγαθόν.

[¶27] 2.3. Both sleep and insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.

> Greek: 2.3. 3. ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα τοῦ μετρίου μᾶλλον γενόμενα, κακόν.

[¶28] 2.4. Neither repletion, nor fasting, nor anything else, is good when more than natural.

> Greek: 2.4. 4. οὐ πλησμονὴ, οὐ λιμὸς, οὐδʼ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν, ὅ τι ἂν μᾶλλον τῆς φύσιος ᾖ.

[¶29] 2.5. Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease.

> Greek: 2.5. 5. κόποι αὐτόματοι φράζουσι νούσους.

[¶30] 2.6. Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body, and are in a great measure sensible of the pain, are disordered in intellect.

> Greek: 2.6. 6. ὁκόσοι, πονέοντές τι τοῦ σώματος, τὰ πολλὰ τῶν πόνων οὐκ αἰσθάνονται, τουτέοισιν ἡ γνώμη νοσέεει.

[¶31] 2.7. Those bodies which have been slowly emaciated should be slowly recruited; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be quickly recruited.

> Greek: 2.7. 7. τὰ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ λεπτυνόμενα σώματα νωθρῶς ἐπανατρέφειν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ, ὀλίγως.

[¶32] 2.8. When a person after a disease takes food, but does not improve in strength, it indicates that the body uses more food than is proper; but if this happen when he does not take food, it is to be understood evacuation is required.

> Greek: 2.8. 8. ἢν ἐκ νούσου τροφὴν λαμβάνων τις μὴ ἰσχύῃ, σημαίνει ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ τὸ σῶμα χρέεται· ἢν δὲ, τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντος, τοῦτο γίγνηται, χρὴ εἰδέναι, ὅτι κενώσιος δεῖται.

[¶33] 2.9. When one wishes to purge, he should put the body into a fluent state.

> Greek: 2.9. 9. τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρειν, εὔροα ποιέειν.

[¶34] 2.10. Bodies not properly cleansed, the more you nourish the more you injure.

> Greek: 2.10. 10. τὰ μὴ καθαρὰ τῶν σωμάτων, ὁκόσῳ ἂν θρέψῃς μᾶλλον, βλάψεις.

[¶35] 2.11. It is easier to fill up with drink than with food.

> Greek: 2.11. 11. ῥᾷον πληροῦσθαι ποτοῦ, ἢ σιτίου.

[¶36] 2.12. What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce relapses.

> Greek: 2.12. 12. τὰ ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενα ἐν τῇσι νούσοισι μετὰ κρίσιν, ὑποστροφὰς ποιέειν εἴωθεν.

[¶37] 2.13. Persons in whom a crisis takes place pass the night preced-ing the paroxysm uncomfortably, but the succeeding night generally more comfortably.

> Greek: 2.13. 13. Ὁκόσοισι κρίσις γίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ νὺξ δύσφορος, ἡ πρὸ τοῦ παροξυσμοῦ, ἡ δὲ ἐπιοῦσα εὐφορωτέρη ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλύ.

[¶38] 2.14. In fluxes of the bowels, a change of the dejections does good, unless the change be of a bad character.

> Greek: 2.14. 14. ἐν τῇσι τῆς κοιλίης ῥύσεσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν διαχωρημάτων ὠφελέουσιν, ἢν μὴ ἐς τὰ πονηρὰ μεταβάλλῃ.

[¶39] 2.15. When the throat is diseased, or tubercles (phymata) form on the body, attention must paid to the secretions; for if they be bilious, the disease affects the general system; but if they resemble those of a healthy person, it is safe to give nourishing food.

> Greek: 2.15. 15. ὅκου φάρυγξ νοσέει, ἢ φύματα ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐκφύεται, τὰς ἐκκρίσιας σκέπτεσθαι· ἢν γὰρ χολώδεες ἔωσι, τὸ σῶμα ξυννοσέει· ἢν δὲ ὅμοιαι τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσι γίγνωνται, ἀσφαλὲς τὸ σῶμα τρέφειν.

[¶40] 2.16. When in a state of hunger, one ought not to undertake labor.

> Greek: 2.16. 16. ὅκου λιμὸς, οὐ δεῖ πονέειν.

[¶41] 2.17. When more food than is proper has been taken, it occasions disease; this is shown by the treatment.

> Greek: 2.17. 17. ὅκου ἂν τροφὴ πλείων παρὰ φύσιν ἐσέλθῃ, τοῦτο νοῦσον ποιέει, δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ ἴησις.

[¶42] 2.18. From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediately or shortly, the dejections also are immediate.

> Greek: 2.18. 18. τῶν τρεφόντων ἀθρόως καὶ ταχέως, ταχεῖαι καὶ αἱ διαχωρήσιες γίνονται.

[¶43] 2.19. In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate either death or recovery.

> Greek: 2.19. 19. τῶν ὀξέων νοσημάτων οὐ πάμπαν ἀσφαλέες αἱ προδιαγορεύσιες, οὔτε τοῦ θανάτου, οὔτε τῆς ὑγιείης.

[¶44] 2.20. Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when young have dry when they are old; and those who have dry discharges when they are young will have watery when they are old.

> Greek: 2.20. 20. Ὁκόσοισι νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ὑγραί εἰσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπογηράσκουσι ξηραίνονται· ὁκόσοισι δὲ νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ξηραί εἰσι, τουτέοισι πρεσβυτέροισι γινομένοισιν ὑγραίνονται.

[¶45] 2.21. Drinking strong wine cures hunger.

> Greek: 2.21. 21. λιμὸν θώρηξις λύει.

[¶46] 2.22. Diseases which arise from repletion are cured by depletion; and those that arise from depletion are cured by repletion; and in general, diseases are cured by their contraries.

> Greek: 2.22. 22. ἀπὸ πλησμονῆς ὁκόσα ἂν νοσήματα γένηται, κένωσις ἰῆται, καὶ ὁκόσα ἀπὸ κενώσιος, πλησμονὴ, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἡ ὑπεναντίωσις.

[¶47] 2.23. Acute disease come to a crisis in fourteen days.

> Greek: 2.23. 23. τὰ ὀξέα τῶν νουσημάτων κρίνεται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσιν.

[¶48] 2.24. The fourth day is indicative of the seventh; the eighth is the commencement of the second week; and hence, the eleventh being the fourth of the second week, is also indicative; and again, the seventeenth is indicative, as being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.

> Greek: 2.24. 24. τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡ τετάρτη ἐπίδηλος· ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος ἡ ὀγδόη ἀρχὴ, θεωρητὴ δὲ ἡ ἑνδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη τῆς ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος· θεωρητὴ δὲ πάλιν ἡ ἑπτακαιδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτης, ἑβδόμη δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑνδεκάτης.

[¶49] 2.25. The summer quartans are, for the most part, of short duration; but the autumnal are protracted, especially those occurring near the approach of winter.

> Greek: 2.25. 25. οἱ θερινοὶ τεταρταῖοι τὰ πολλὰ γίνονται βραχέες, οἱ δὲ φθινοπωρινοὶ, μακροὶ, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ πρὸς τὸν χειμῶνα ξυνάπτοντες.

[¶50] 2.26. It is better that a fever succeed to a convulsion, than a convulsion to a fever.

> Greek: 2.26. 26. πυρετὸν ἐπὶ σπασμῷ βέλτιον γενέσθαι, ἢ σπασμὸν ἐπὶ πυρετῷ.

[¶51] 2.27. We should not trust ameliorations in diseases when they are not regular, nor be much afraid of bad symptoms which occur in an irregular form; for such are commonly inconstant, and do not usually continue, nor have any duration.

> Greek: 2.27. 27. τοῖσι μὴ κατὰ λόγον κουφίζουσιν οὐ δεῖ πιστεύειν, οὐδὲ φοβέεσθαι λίην τὰ μοχθηρὰ γινόμενα παραλόγως· τὰ γὰρ πολλὰ τῶν τοιουτέων ἐστὶν ἀβέβαια, καὶ οὐ πάνυ τι διαμένειν, οὐδὲ χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.

[¶52] 2.28. In fevers which are not altogether slight, it is a bad symptom for the body to remain without any diminution of bulk, or to be wasted beyond measure; for the one state indicates a protracted disease, and the other weakness of body.

> Greek: 2.28. 28. τῶν πυρεσσόντων μὴ παντάπασιν ἐπιπολαίως, τὸ διαμένειν, καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, ἢ καὶ συντήκεσθαι μᾶλλον τοῦ κατὰ λόγον, μοχθηρόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει, τὸ δὲ, ἀσθένειαν.

[¶53] 2.29. If it appear that evacuations are required, they should be made at the commencement of diseases; at the acme it is better to be quiet.

> Greek: 2.29. 29. ἀρχομένων τῶν νούσων, ἤν τι δοκέῃ κινέειν, κίνει· ἀκμαζουσῶν δὲ, ἡσυχίην ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστιν.

[¶54] 2.30. Toward the commencement and end of diseases all the symptoms are weaker, and toward the acme they are stronger.

> Greek: 2.30. 30. περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰ τέλη, πάντα ἀσθενέστατα, περὶ δὲ τὰς ἀκμὰς, ἰσχυρότατα.

[¶55] 2.31. When a person who is recovering from a disease has a good appetite, but his body does not improve in condition, it is a bad symptom.

> Greek: 2.31. 31. τῷ ἐξ ἀῤῥωστίης εὐσιτεῦντι, μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, μοχθηρόν.

[¶56] 2.32. For the most part, all persons in ill health, who have a good appetite at the commencement, but do not improve, have a bad appetite again toward the end; whereas, those who have a very bad appetite at the commencement, and afterward acquire a good appetite, get better off.

> Greek: 2.32. 32. ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πάντες οἱ φαύλως ἔχοντες, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν εὐσιτεῦντες, καὶ μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόντες, πρὸς τῷ τέλει πάλιν ἀσιτέουσιν· οἱ δὲ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀσιτεῦντες ἰσχυρῶς, ὕστερον δὲ εὐσιτεῦντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν.

[¶57] 2.33. In every disease it is a good sign when the patient’s intellect is sound, and he is disposed to take whatever food is offered to him; but the contrary is bad.

> Greek: 2.33. 33. ἐν πάσῃ νούσῳ τὸ ἐῤῥῶσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ εὖ ἔχειν πρὸς τὰς προσφορὰς, ἀγαθόν· τὸ δὲ ἐναντίον, κακόν.

[¶58] 2.34. In diseases, there is less danger when the disease is one to which the patient’s constitution, habit, age, and the season are allied, than when it is one to which they are not allied.

> Greek: 2.34. 34. ἐν τῇσι νούσοισιν ἧσσον κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη τῆς φύσιος, καὶ τῆς ἕξιος, καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῆς ὥρης ἡ νοῦσος ᾖ μᾶλλον, ἢ οἷσιν ἂν μὴ οἰκείη κατά τι τουτέων ᾖ.

[¶59] 2.35. In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and hypogastric regions preserve their fullness; and it is a bad sign when they are very slender and emaciated; in the latter case it is dangerous to administer purgatives.

> Greek: 2.35. 35. ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσι νούσοισι, τὰ περὶ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν καὶ τὸ ἦτρον πάχος ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ σφόδρα λεπτὸν καὶ ἐκτετηκὸς, μοχθηρόν· ἐπισφαλὲς δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ πρὸς τὰς κάτω καθάρσιας.

[¶60] 2.36. Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking purgative medicines, or using bad food.

> Greek: 2.36. 36. οἱ ὑγιεινῶς ἔχοντες τὰ σώματα, ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι καθαιρόμενοι ἐκλύονται ταχέως, καὶ οἱ πονηρῇ τροφῇ χρεόμενοι.

[¶61] 2.37. Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health.

> Greek: 2.37. 37. οἱ εὖ τὰ σώματα ἔχοντες, φαρμακεύεσθαι ἐργώδεες.

[¶62] 2.38. An article of food or drink which is slightly worse, but more palatable, is to be preferred to such as are better but less palatable.

> Greek: 2.38. 38. τὸ σμικρῷ χεῖρον καὶ πόμα καὶ σιτίον, ἥδιον δὲ, τῶν βελτιόνων μὲν, ἀηδεστέρων δὲ, μᾶλλον αἱρετέον.

[¶63] 2.39. Old have fewer complaints than young; but those chronic diseases which do befall them generally never leave them.

> Greek: 2.39. 39. οἱ πρεσβῦται τῶν νέων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ νοσέουσιν ἧσσον· ὅσα δʼ ἂν αὐτέοισι χρόνια νοσήματα γένηται, τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.

[¶64] 2.40. Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted.

> Greek: 2.40. 40. βράγχοι καὶ κόρυζαι τοῖσι σφόδρα πρεσβύτῃσιν οὐ πεπαίνονται.

[¶65] 2.41. Persons who have had frequent and severe attacks of swooning, without any manifest cause, die suddenly.

> Greek: 2.41. 41. οἱ ἐκλυόμενοι πολλάκις καὶ ἰσχυρῶς, ἄνευ φανερῆς προφάσιος, ἐξαπίνης τελευτῶσιν.

[¶66] 2.42. It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy, and not easy to remove a weak attack.

> Greek: 2.42. 42. λύειν ἀποπληξίην ἰσχυρὴν μὲν ἀδύνατον, ἀσθενέα δὲ, οὐ ῥηΐδιον.

[¶67] 2.43. Of persons who have been suspended by the neck, and are in a state of insensibility, but not quite dead, those do not recover who have foam at the mouth.

> Greek: 2.43. 43. τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων, οὐκ ἀναφέρουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν ἀφρὸς ᾖ περὶ τὸ στόμα.

[¶68] 2.44. Persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender.

> Greek: 2.44. 44. οἱ παχέες σφόδρα κατὰ φύσιν, ταχυθάνατοι γίνονται μᾶλλον τῶν ἰσχνῶν.

[¶69] 2.45. Epilepsy in young persons is most frequently removed by changes of air, of country, and of modes of life.

> Greek: 2.45. 45. τῶν ἐπιληπτικῶν τοῖσι νέοισιν ἀπαλλαγὴν αἱ μεταβολαὶ μάλιστα τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῶν χωρίων, καὶ τῶν βίων ποιέουσιν.

[¶70] 2.46. Of two pains occurring together, not in the same part of the body, the stronger weakens the other.

> Greek: 2.46. 46. δύο πόνων ἅμα γινομένων μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροι τὸν ἕτερον.

[¶71] 2.47. Pains and fevers occur rather at the formation of pus than when it is already formed.

> Greek: 2.47. 47. περὶ τὰς γενέσιας τοῦ πύου οἱ πόνοι καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ ξυμβαίνουσι μᾶλλον, ἢ γενομένου.

[¶72] 2.48. In every movement of the body, whenever one begins to endure pain, it will be relieved by rest.

> Greek: 2.48. 48. ἐν πάσῃ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος, ὁκόταν ἄρχηται πονέειν, τὸ διαναπαύειν εὐθὺς, ἄκοπον.

[¶73] 2.49. Those who are accustomed to endure habitual labors, although they be weak or old, bear them better than strong and young persons who have not been so accustomed.

> Greek: 2.49. 49. οἱ εἰθισμένοι τοὺς ξυνήθεας πόνους φέρειν, κἢν ὦσιν ἀσθενέες ἢ γέροντες, τῶν ἀξυνηθέων ἰσχυρῶν τε καὶ νέων ῥᾷον φέρουσιν.

[¶74] 2.50. Those things which one has been accustomed to for a long time, although worse than things which one is not accustomed to, usually give less disturbance; but a change must sometimes be made to things one is not accustomed to.

> Greek: 2.50. 50. τὰ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου ξυνήθεα, κἂν ᾖ χείρω τῶν ἀξυνηθέων, ἧσσον ἐνοχλεῖν εἴωθεν· δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἀξυνήθεα μεταβάλλειν 51.

[¶75] 2.51. To evacuate, fill up, heat, cool, or otherwise, move the body in any way much and suddenly, is dangerous; and whatever is excessive is inimical to nature; but whatever is done by little and little is safe, more especially when a transition is made from one thing to another.

> Greek: 2.51. τὸ κατὰ πολὺ καὶ ἐξαπίνης κενοῦν, ἢ πληροῦν, ἢ θερμαίνειν, ἢ ψύχειν, ἢ ἄλλως ὁκωσοῦν τὸ σῶμα κινέειν, σφαλερὸν, καὶ πᾶν τὸ πολὺ τῇ φύσει πολέμιον· τὸ δὲ κατʼ ὀλίγον, ἀσφαλὲς, καὶ ἄλλως, ἤν τις ἐξ ἑτέρου ἐφʼ ἕτερον μεταβαίνῃ.

[¶76] 2.52. When doing everything according to indications, although things may not turn out agreeably to indication, we should not change to another while the original appearances remain.

> Greek: 2.52. 52. πάντα κατὰ λόγον ποιέοντι, μὴ γινομένων τῶν κατὰ λόγον, μὴ μεταβαίνειν ἐφʼ ἕτερον, μένοντος τοῦ δόξαντος ἐξ ἀρχῆς.

[¶77] 2.53. Those persons who have watery discharges from the bowels when they are young, come off better than those who have dry; but in old age they come off worse, for the bowels in aged persons are usually dried up.

> Greek: 2.53. 53. ὁκόσοι τὰς κοιλίας ὑγρὰς ἔχουσιν, νέοι μὲν ἐόντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσι τῶν ξηρὰς ἐχόντων, ἐς δὲ τὸ γῆρας χεῖρον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν· ξηραίνονται γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλὺ ἀπογηράσκουσιν.

[¶78] 2.54. Largeness of person in youth is noble and not unbecoming; but in old age it is inconvenient, and worse than a smaller structure.

> Greek: 2.54. 54. μεγέθει δὲ σώματος, ἐννεάσαι μὲν, ἐλευθέριον καὶ οὐκ ἀηδές· ἐγγηρᾶσαι δὲ, δύσχρηστον καὶ χεῖρον τῶν ἐλασσόνων.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΤΡΙΤΟΝ.

[¶79] 3.1. The changes of the season mostly engender diseases, and in the seasons great changes either of heat or of cold, and the rest agreeably to the same rule.

> Greek: 3.1. 1. αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν ὡρέων μάλιστα τίκτουσι νουσήματα, καὶ ἐν τῇσιν ὥρῃσιν αἱ μεγάλαι μεταλλαγαὶ ἢ ψύξιος ἢ θάλψιος, καὶ τἄλλα κατὰ λόγον οὕτως.

[¶80] 3.2. Of natures (temperaments?), some are well- or ill-adapted for summer, and some for winter.

> Greek: 3.2. 2. τῶν φυσίων αἱ μὲν πρὸς θέρος, αἱ δὲ πρὸς χειμῶνα εὖ ἢ κακῶς πεφύκασιν.

[¶81] 3.3. Of diseases and ages, certain of them are well- or ill-adapted to different seasons, places, and kinds of diet.

> Greek: 3.3. 3. τῶν νούσων ἄλλαι πρὸς ἄλλας εὖ ἢ κακῶς πεφύκασι, καὶ ἡλικίαι τινὲς πρὸς ὥρας, καὶ χώρας, καὶ διαίτας.

[¶82] 3.4. In the seasons, when during the same day there is at one time heat and at another time cold, the diseases of autumn may be expected.

> Greek: 3.4. 4. ἐν τῇσιν ὥρῃσιν, ὅταν τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρης ὁτὲ μὲν θάλπος, ὁτὲ δὲ ψῦχος γένηται, φθινοπωρινὰ τὰ νουσήματα προσδέχεσθαι χρή.

[¶83] 3.5. South winds induce dullness of hearing, dimness of visions, heaviness of the head, torpor, and languor; when these prevail, such symptoms occur in diseases. But if the north wind prevail, coughs, affections of the throat, hardness of the bowels, dysuria attended with rigors, and pains of the sides and breast occur. When this wind prevails, all such symptoms may be expected in diseases.

> Greek: 3.5. 5. Νότοι βαρυήκοοι, ἀχλυώδεες, καρηβαρικοὶ, νωθροι, διαλυτικοί· ὁκόταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιαῦτα ἐν τῇσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσι πάσχουσιν. ἢν δὲ βόρειον ᾖ, βῆχες, φάρυγγες, κοιλίαι σκληραὶ, δυσουρίαι φρικώδεες, ὀδύναι πλευρέων, στηθέων ὁκόταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιαῦτα ἐν τῇσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσι προσδέχεσθαι χρή.

[¶84] 3.6. When summer is like spring, much sweating may be expected in fevers.

> Greek: 3.6. 6. ὁκόταν θέρος γένηται ἦρι ὅμοιον, ἱδρῶτας ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι πολλοὺς προσδέχεσθαι χρή.

[¶85] 3.7. Acute diseases occur in droughts; and if the summer be particularly such, according to the constitution which it has given to the year, for the most part such diseases maybe expected.

> Greek: 3.7. 7. ἐν τοῖσιν αὐχμοῖσι πυρετοὶ ὀξέες γίνονται· καὶ ἢν μὲν ἐπὶ πλέον ᾖ τὸ ἔτος τοιουτέον ἐὸν, οἵην τὴν κατάστασιν ἐποίησεν, ὡς ἐπιτοπουλὺ καὶ τὰ νουσήματα τοιαῦτα δεῖ προσδέχεσθαι.

[¶86] 3.8. In seasons which are regular, and furnish the productions of the season at the seasonable time, the diseases are regular, and come readily to a crisis; but in inconstant seasons, the diseases are irregular, and come to a crisis with difficulty.

> Greek: 3.8. 8. ἐν τοῖσι καθεστεῶσι καιροῖσι, καὶ ὡραίως τὰ ὡραῖα ἀποδιδοῦσιν, εὐσταθέες καὶ εὐκρινέες αἱ νοῦσοι γίνονται, ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν ἀκαταστάτοισιν ἀκατάστατοι καὶ δύσκριτοι.

[¶87] 3.9. In autumn, diseases are most acute, and most mortal, on the whole. The spring is most healthy, and least mortal.

> Greek: 3.9. 9. ἐν φθινοπώρῳ ὀξύταται αἱ νοῦσοι, καὶ θανατωδέσταται τοὐπίπαν, ἦρ δὲ ὑγιεινότατον, καὶ ἥκιστα θανατῶδες.

[¶88] 3.10. Autumn is a bad season for persons in consumption.

> Greek: 3.10. 10. τὸ φθινόπωρον τοῖσι φθίνουσι κακόν.

[¶89] 3.11. With regard to the seasons, if the winter be of a dry and northerly character, and the spring rainy and southerly, in summer there will necessarily be acute fevers, ophthalmies, and dysenteries, especially in women, and in men of a humid temperament.

> Greek: 3.11. 11. περὶ δὲ τῶν ὡρέων, ἢν μὲν ὁ χειμὼν αὐχμηρὸς καὶ βόρειος γένηται, τὸ δὲ ἔπομβρον καὶ νότιον, ἀνάγκη, τοῦ θέρεος, πυρετοὺς ὀξέας, καὶ ὀφθαλμίας, καὶ δυσεντερίας γίνεσθαι, μάλιστα τῇσι γυναιξὶ, καὶ ἀνδρῶν τοῖσιν ὑγροῖσι τὰς φύσιας.

[¶90] 3.12. If the but the spring dry and northerly, women whose term of delivery should be in spring, have abortions from any slight cause; and those who reach their full time, bring forth children who are feeble, and diseased, so that they either die presently, or, if they live, are puny and unhealthy. Other people are subject to dysenteries and ophthalmies, and old men to catarrhs, which quickly cut them off.

> Greek: 3.12. 12. ἢν δὲ νότιος ὁ χειμὼν καὶ ἔπομβρος καὶ εὐδιεινὸς γένηται, τὸ δὲ ἔαρ αὐχμηρὸν καὶ βόρειον, αἱ μὲν γυναῖκες, ᾗσιν οἱ τόκοι πρὸς τὸ ἦρ, ἐκ πάσης προφάσιος ἐκτιτρώσκουσιν· αἳ δʼ ἂν τέκωσιν, ἀκρατέα καὶ νοσώδεα τὰ παιδία τίκτουσιν, ὥστε ἢ παραυτίκα ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ λεπτὰ καὶ νοσώδεα ζῇν ἐόντα· τοῖσι δὲ ἄλλοισι βροτοῖσι δυσεντερίαι καὶ ὀφθαλμίαι ξηραὶ γίνονται, τοῖσι δὲ πρεσβυτέροισι κατάῤῥοοι ξυντόμως ἀπολλύντες.

[¶91] 3.13. If the summer be dry and northerly and the autumn rainy and southerly, headaches occur in winter, with coughs, hoarsenesses, coryzae, and in some cases consumptions.

> Greek: 3.13. 13. ἢν δὲ τὸ θέρος αὐχμηρὸν καὶ βόρειον γένηται, τὸ δὲ φθινόπωρον ἔπομβρον καὶ νότιον, κεφαλαλγίαι ἐς τὸν χειμῶνα γίνονται, καὶ βῆχες, καὶ βράγχοι, καὶ κόρυζαι, ἐνίοισι δὲ καὶ φθίσιες.

[¶92] 3.14. But if the autumn be northerly and dry, it agrees well with persons of a humid temperament, and with women; but others will be subject to dry ophthalmies, acute fevers, coryzae, and in some cases melancholy.

> Greek: 3.14. 14. ἢν δὲ βόρειον ᾖ καὶ ἄνυδρον, τοῖσι μὲν ὑγροῖσι τὰς φύσιας καὶ τῇσι γυναιξὶ ξύμφορον· τοῖσι δὲ λοιποῖσιν ὀφθαλμίαι ἔσονται ξηραὶ, καὶ πυρετοὶ ὀξέες, καὶ κόρυζαι, ἐνίοισι δὲ καὶ μελαγχολίαι.

[¶93] 3.15. Of the constitutions of the year, the dry, upon the whole, are more healthy than the rainy, and attended with less mortality.

> Greek: 3.15. 15. τῶν δὲ καταστασίων τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸ μὲν ὅλον οἱ αὐχμοὶ τῶν ἐπομβριῶν εἰσιν ὑγιεινότεροι, καὶ ἧσσον θανατώδεες.

[¶94] 3.16. The diseases which occur most frequently in rainy seasons are, protracted fevers, fluxes of the bowels, mortifications, epilepsies, apoplexies, and quinsies; and in dry, consumptive diseases, ophthalmies, arthritic diseases, stranguries, and dysenteries.

> Greek: 3.16. 16. νοσήματα δὲ ἐν μὲν τῇσιν ἐπομβρίῃσιν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ γίνεται, πυρετοί τε μακροὶ, καὶ κοιλίης· ῥύσιες, καὶ σηπεδόνες, καὶ ἐπίληπτοι, καὶ ἀπόπληκτοι, καὶ κυνάγχαι· ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν αὐχμοῖσι, φθινάδες, ὀφθαλμίαι, ἀρθρίτιδες, στραγγουρίαι, καὶ δυσεντερίαι.

[¶95] 3.17. With regard to the states of the weather which continue but for a day, that which is northerly, braces the body, giving it tone, agility, and color, improves the sense of hearing, dries up the bowels, pinches the eyes, and aggravates any previous pain which may have been seated in the chest. But the southerly relaxes the body, and renders it humid, brings on dullness of hearing, heaviness of the head, and vertigo, impairs the movements of the eyes and the whole body, and renders the alvine discharges watery.

> Greek: 3.17. 17. αἱ δὲ καθʼ ἡμέρην καταστάσιες, αἱ μὲν βόρειοι τά τε σώματα ξυνιστᾶσι, καὶ εὔτονα καὶ εὐκίνητα καὶ εὔχροα καὶ εὐηκοώτερα ποιέουσι, καὶ τὰς κοιλίας ξηραίνουσι, καὶ τὰ ὄμματα δάκνουσι, καὶ περὶ τὸν θώρηκα ἄλγημα ἤν τι προϋπάρχῃ, μᾶλλον πονέουσιν· αἱ δὲ νότιοι διαλύουσι τὰ σώματα καὶ ὑγραίνουσι, καὶ βαρυηκοΐας καὶ καρηβαρίας καὶ ἰλίγγους ποιέουσιν, ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι σώμασι δυσκινησίην, καὶ τὰς κοιλίας ὑγραίνουσιν.

[¶96] 3.18. With regard to the seasons, in spring and in the commencement of summer, children and those next to them in age are most comfortable, and enjoy best health; in summer and during a certain portion of autumn, old people; during the remainder of the autumn and in winter, those of the intermediate ages.

> Greek: 3.18. 18. κατὰ δὲ τὰς ὥρας, τοῦ μὲν ἦρος καὶ ἄκρου τοῦ θέρεος, οἱ παῖδες καὶ οἱ τουτέων ἐχόμενοι τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσιν, ἄριστά τε διἄγουσι, καὶ ὑγιαίνουσι μάλιστα· τοῦ δὲ θέρεος καὶ τοῦ φθινοπώρου, μέχρι μέν τινος οἱ γέροντες· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν, καὶ τοῦ χειμῶνος, οἱ μέσοι τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσιν.

[¶97] 3.19. All diseases occur at all seasons of the year, but certain of them are more apt to occur and be exacerbated at certain seasons.

> Greek: 3.19. 19. νοσήματα δὲ πάντα μὲν ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσιν ὥρῃσι γίνεται, μᾶλλον δʼ ἔνια κατʼ ἐνίας αὐτέων καὶ γίνεται καὶ παροξύνεται.

[¶98] 3.20. The diseases of spring are, maniacal, melancholic, and epileptic disorders, bloody flux, quinsy, coryza, hoarseness, cough, leprosy, lichen alphos, exanthemata mostly ending in ulcerations, tubercles, and arthritic diseases.

> Greek: 3.20. 20. τοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἦρος, τὰ μανικὰ, καὶ τὰ μελαγχολικὰ, καὶ τὰ ἐπιληπτικὰ, καὶ αἵματος ῥύσιες, καὶ κυνάγχαι, καὶ κόρυζαι, καὶ βράγχοι, καὶ βῆχες, καὶ λέπραι, καὶ λειχῆνες, καὶ ἀλφοὶ, καὶ ἐξανθήσιες ἑλκώδεες πλεῖσται, καὶ φύματα, καὶ ἀρθριτικά.

[¶99] 3.21. Of summer, certain of these, and continued, ardent, and tertian fevers, most especially vomiting, diarrhoea, ophthalmy, pains of the ears, ulcerations of the mouth, mortifications of the privy parts, and the sudamina.

> Greek: 3.21. 21. τοῦ δὲ θέρεος, ἔνιά τε τουτέων, καὶ πυρετοὶ ξυνεχέες, καὶ καῦσοι, καὶ τριταῖοι πλεῖστοι, καὶ ἔμετοι, καὶ διάῤῥοιαι, καὶ ὀφθαλμίαι, καὶ ὤτων πόνοι, καὶ στομάτων ἑλκώσιες, καὶ σηπεδόνες αἰδοίων, καὶ ἵδρωα.

[¶100] 3.22. Of autumn, most of the summer, quartan, and irregular fevers, enlarged spleen, dropsy, phthisis, strangury, lientery, dysentery, sciatica, quinsy, asthma, ileus, epilepsy, maniacal and melancholic disorders.

> Greek: 3.22. 22. τοῦ δὲ φθινοπώρου, καὶ τῶν θερινῶν τὰ πολλὰ, καὶ πυρετοὶ τεταρταῖοι, καὶ πλανῆτες, καὶ σπλῆνες, καὶ ὕδρωπες, καὶ φθίσιες, καὶ στραγγουρίαι, καὶ λειεντερίαι, καὶ δυσεντερίαι, καὶ ἰσχιάδες, καὶ κυνάγχαι, καὶ ἄσθματα, καὶ εἰλεοὶ, καὶ ἐπιληψίαι, καὶ τὰ μανικὰ, καὶ τὰ μελαγχολικά.

[¶101] 3.23. Of winter, pleurisy, pneumonia, coryza, hoarseness, cough, pains of the chest, pains of the ribs and loins, headache, vertigo, and apoplexy.

> Greek: 3.23. 23. τοῦ δὲ χειμῶνος, πλευρίτιδες, περιπλευμονίαι, κόρυζαι, βράγχοι, βῆχες, πόνοι στηθέων, πόνοι πλευρέων, ὀσφύος, κεφαλαλγίαι, ἴλιγγοι, ἀποπληξίαι.

[¶102] 3.24. In the different ages the following complaints occur: to little and new-born children, aphthae, vomiting, coughs, sleeplessness, frights inflammation of the navel, watery discharges from the ears.

> Greek: 3.24. 24. ἐν δὲ τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσι τοιάδε ξυμβαίνει· τοῖσι μὲν σμικροῖσι καὶ νεογνοῖσι παιδίοισιν, ἄφθαι, ἔμετοι, βῆχες, ἀγρυπνίαι, φόβοι, ὀμφαλοῦ φλεγμοναὶ, ὤτων ὑγρότητες.

[¶103] 3.25. At the approach of dentition, pruritus of the gums, fevers, convulsions, diarrhoea, especially when cutting the canine teeth, and in those who are particularly fat, and have constipated bowels.

> Greek: 3.25. 25. πρὸς δὲ τὸ ὀδοντοφυέειν προσάγουσιν, οὔλων ὀδαξησμοὶ, πυρετοὶ, σπασμοὶ, διάῤῥοιαι, καὶ μάλιστα ὅταν ἀνάγωσι τοὺς κυνόδοντας, καὶ τοῖσι παχυτάτοισι τῶν παίδων, καὶ τοῖσι σκληρὰς τὰς κοιλίας ἔχουσιν.

[¶104] 3.26. To persons somewhat older, affections of the tonsils, incurvation of the spine at the vertebra next the occiput, asthma, calculus, round worms, ascarides, acrochordon, satyriasmus, struma, and other tubercles (phymata), but especially the aforesaid.

> Greek: 3.26. 26. πρεσβυτέροισι δὲ γενομένοισι, παρίσθμια, σπονδύλου τοῦ κατὰ τὸ ἰνίον εἴσω ὤσιες, ἄσθματα, λιθιάσιες, ἕλμινθες στρογγύλαι, ἀσκαρίδες, ἀκροχορδόνες, σατυριασμοὶ, χοιράδες, καὶ τἄλλα φύματα, μάλιστα δὲ τὰ προειρημένα.

[¶105] 3.27. To persons of a more advanced age, and now on the verge of manhood, the most of these diseases, and, moreover, more chronic fevers, and epistaxis.

> Greek: 3.27. 27. τοῖσι δὲ ἔτι πρεσβυτέροισι καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἥβην προσάγουσι, τουτέων τε τὰ πολλὰ, καὶ πυρετοὶ χρόνιοι μᾶλλον, καὶ ἐκ ῥινῶν αἵματος ῥύσιες 28.

[¶106] 3.28. Young people for the most part have a crisis in their complaints, some in forty days, some in seven months, some in seven years, some at the approach to puberty; and such complaints of children as remain, and do not pass away about puberty, or in females about the commencement of menstruation, usually become chronic.

> Greek: 3.28. τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα τοῖσι παιδίοισι πάθεα κρίνεται, τὰ μὲν ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσι, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἑπτὰ μησὶ, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἑπτὰ ἔτεσι, τὰ δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἥβην προσάγουσιν· ὅσα δʼ ἂν διαμείνῃ τοῖσι παιδίοισι, καὶ μὴ ἀπολυθῇ περὶ τὸ ἡβάσκειν, ἢ τῇσι θηλείῃσι περὶ τὰς τῶν καταμηνίων ῥήξιας, χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.

## 2. Sections 3–5

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/2/#p-N

[¶0] 3.29. To persons past boyhood, haemoptysis, phthisis, acute fevers, epilepsy, and other diseases, but especially the aforementioned.

> Greek: 3.29. 29. τοῖσι δὲ νεηνίσκοισιν, αἵματος πτύσιες, φθίσιες, πυρετοὶ ὀξέες, ἐπιληψίαι, καὶ τἄλλα νουσήματα, μάλιστα δὲ τὰ προειρημένα.

[¶1] 3.30. To persons beyond that age, asthma, pleurisy, pneumonia, lethargy, phrenitis, ardent fevers, chronic diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, lientery, hemorrhoids.

> Greek: 3.30. 30. τοῖσι δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν ἡλικίην ταύτην, ἄσθματα, πλευρίτιδες, περιπλευμονίαι, λήθαργοι, φρενίτιδες, καῦσοι, διάῤῥοιαι χρόνιαι, χολέραι, δυσεντερίαι, λειεντερίαι, αἱμοῤῥοΐδες.

[¶2] 3.31. To old people dyspnoea, catarrhs accompanied with coughs, dysuria, pains of the joints, nephritis, vertigo, apoplexy, cachexia, pruritus of the whole body, insomnolency, defluxions of the bowels, of the eyes, and of the nose, dimness of sight, cataract (glaucoma), and dullness of hearing.

> Greek: 3.31. 31. τοῖσι δὲ πρεσβύτῃσι, δύσπνοιαι, κατάῤῥοοι βηχώδεες, στραγγουρίαι, δυσουρίαι, ἄρθρων πόνοι, νεφρίτιδες, ἴλιγγοι, ἀποπληξίαι, καχεξίαι, ξυσμοὶ τοῦ σώματος ὅλου, ἀγρυπνίαι, κοιλίης καὶ ὀφθαλμῶν καὶ ῥινῶν ὑγρότητες, ἀμβλυωπίαι, γλαυκώσιες, βαρυηκοΐαι.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΟΝ.

[¶3] 4.1. We must purge pregnant women, if matters be turgid (in a state of orgasm?), from the fourth to the seventh month, but less freely in the latter; in the first and last stages of pregnancy it should be avoided.

> Greek: 4.1. 1. τὰς κυούσας φαρμακεύειν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, τετράμηνα καὶ ἄχρι ἑπτὰ μηνῶν, ἧσσον δὲ ταύτας· τὰ δὲ νήπια καὶ τὰ πρεσβύτερα εὐλαβέεσθαι χρή.

[¶4] 4.2. In purging we should bring away such matters from the body as it would be advantageous had they come away spontaneously; but those of an opposite character should be stopped.

> Greek: 4.2. 2. ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι τοιαῦτα ἄγειν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, ὁκοῖα καὶ αὐτόματα ἰόντα χρήσιμα, τὰ δὲ ἐναντίως ἰόντα παύειν, 3.

[¶5] 4.3. If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, it is beneficial and well borne; but if the contrary, with difficulty.

> Greek: 4.3. ἢν μὲν οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐναντία, δυσχερῶς.

[¶6] 4.4. We should rather purge upward in summer, and downward in winter.

> Greek: 4.4. 4. φαρμακεύειν θέρεος μὲν μᾶλλον τὰς ἄνω, χειμῶνος δὲ τὰς κάτω.

[¶7] 4.5. About the time of the dog-days, and before it, the administration of purgatives is unsuitable.

> Greek: 4.5. 5. ὑπὸ κύνα καὶ πρὸ κυνὸς ἐργώδεες αἱ φαρμακεῖαι.

[¶8] 4.6. Lean persons who are easily made to vomit should be purged upward, avoiding the winter season.

> Greek: 4.6. 6. τοὺς ἰσχνοὺς τοὺς εὐημέας ἄνω φαρμακεύειν, ὑποστελλομένους χειμῶνα.

[¶9] 4.7. Persons who are difficult to vomit, and are moderately fat, should be purged downward, avoiding the summer season.

> Greek: 4.7. 7. τοὺς δὲ δυσημέας καὶ μέσως εὐσάρκους, κάτω, ὑποστελλομένους θέρος.

[¶10] 4.8. We must be guarded in purging phthisical persons upward.

> Greek: 4.8. 8. τοὺς δὲ φθινώδεας, ὑποστελλομένους τὰς ἄνω.

[¶11] 4.9. And from the same mode of reasoning, applying the opposite rule to melancholic persons, we must purge them freely downward.

> Greek: 4.9. 9. τοὺς δὲ μελαγχολικοὺς, ἁδροτέρως τὰς κάτω, τῷ αὐτῷ λογισμῷ τἀναντία προστιθείς.

[¶12] 4.10. In very acute diseases, if matters be in a state of orgasm, we may purge on the first day, for it is a bad thing to procrastinate in such cases.

> Greek: 4.10. 10. φαρμακεύειν ἐν τοῖσι λίην ὀξέσιν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, αὐθημερόν· χρονίζειν γὰρ ἐν τοῖσι τοιουτέοισι κακόν.

[¶13] 4.11. Those cases in which there are tormina, pains about the umbilicus, and pains about the loins, not removed either by purgative medicines or otherwise, usually terminate in dry dropsy.

> Greek: 4.11. 11. Ὁκόσοισι στρόφοι, καὶ περὶ ὀμφαλὸν πόνοι, καὶ ὀσφύος ἄλγημα μὴ λυόμενον μήτε ὑπὸ φαρμακείης, μήτʼ ἄλλως, εἰς ὕδρωπα ξηρὸν ἱδρύεται.

[¶14] 4.12. It is a bad thing to purge upward in winter persons whose bowels are in a state of lientery.

> Greek: 4.12. 12. Ὁκόσοισι κοιλίαι λειεντεριώδεες, χειμῶνος φαρμακεύειν ἄνω, κακόν 13.

[¶15] 4.13. Persons who are not easily purged upward by the hellebores, should have their bodies moistened by plenty of food and rest before taking the draught.

> Greek: 4.13. πρὸς τοὺς ἐλλεβόρους τοῖσι μὴ ῥηϊδίως ἄνω καθαιρομένοισι, πρὸ τῆς πόσιος προϋγραίνειν τὰ σώματα πλείονι τροφῇ καὶ ἀναπαύσει.

[¶16] 4.14. When one takes a draught of hellebore, one should be made to move more about, and indulge less in sleep and repose. Sailing on the sea shows that motion disorders the body.

> Greek: 4.14. 14. ἐπὴν πίῃ τις ἐλλέβορον, πρὸς μὲν τὰς κινήσιας τῶν σωμάτων μᾶλλον ἄγειν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὕπνους καὶ μὴ κινήσιας, ἧσσον· δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ἡ ναυτιλίη, ὅτι κίνησις τὰ σώματα ταράσσει.

[¶17] 4.15. When you wish the hellebore to act more, move the body, and when to stop, let the patient get sleep and rest.

> Greek: 4.15. 15. ἐπὴν βούλῃ μᾶλλον ἄγειν τὸν ἐλλέβορον, κίνει τὸ σῶμα· ἐπὴν δὲ παῦσαι, ὕπνον ποίει, καὶ μὴ κίνει.

[¶18] 4.16. Hellebore is dangerous to persons whose flesh is sound, for it induces convulsion.

> Greek: 4.16. 16. ἐλλέβορος ἐπικίνδυνος τοῖσι τὰς σάρκας ὑγιέας ἔχουσι, σπασμὸν γὰρ ἐμποιέει.

[¶19] 4.17. Anorexia, heartburn, vertigo, and a bitter taste of the mouth, in a person free from fever, indicate the want of purging upward.

> Greek: 4.17. 17. Ἀπυρέτῳ ἐόντι, ἀποσιτίη, καὶ καρδιωγμὸς, καὶ σκοτόδινος, καὶ στόμα ἐκτικρούμενον, ἄνω φαρμακείης δέεσθαι σημαίνει.

[¶20] 4.18. Pains seated above the diaphragm indicate purging upward, and those below it, downward.

> Greek: 4.18. 18. τὰ ὑπὲρ τῶν φρενῶν ὀδυνήματα ἄνω φαρμακείην σημαίνει· ὁκόσα δὲ κάτω, κάτω.

[¶21] 4.19. Persons who have no thirst while under the action of a purgative medicine, do not cease from being purged until they become thirsty.

> Greek: 4.19. 19. ὁκόσοι ἐν τῇσι φαρμακοποσίῃσι μὴ διψῶσι, καθαιρόμενοι οὐ παύονται πρὶν ἢ διψήσωσιν.

[¶22] 4.20. If persons free from fever be seized with tormina, heaviness of the knees, and pains of the loins, this indicates that purging downward is required.

> Greek: 4.20. 20. Ἀπυρέτοισιν ἐοῦσιν, ἢν γίνηται στρόφος, καὶ γουνάτων βάρος, καὶ ὀσφύος ἄλγημα, κάτω φαρμακείης δεῖσθαι σημαίνει.

[¶23] 4.21. Alvine dejections which are black, like blood, taking place spontaneously, either with or without fever, are very bad; and the more numerous and unfavorable the colors, so much the worse; when with medicine it is better, and a variety of colors in this case is not bad.

> Greek: 4.21. 21. ὑποχωρήματα μέλανα, οἱονεὶ αἷμα, ἀπὸ ταυτομάτου ἰόντα, καὶ ξὺν πυρετῷ, καὶ ἄνευ πυρετοῦ, κάκιστα· καὶ ὁκόσῳ ἂν τὰ χρώματα πλείω καὶ πονηρότερα ᾖ, μᾶλλον. κάκιον· ξὺν φαρμάκῳ δὲ ἄμεινον, καὶ ὁκόσῳ ἂν πλείω χρώματα ᾖ, οὐ πονηρόν.

[¶24] 4.22. When black bile is evacuated in the beginning of any disease whatever, either upward or downward, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 4.22. 22. νοσημάτων ὁκόσων ἀρχομένων, ἢν χολὴ μέλαινα ἢ ἄνω ἢ κάτω ὑπέλθῃ, θανάσιμον.

[¶25] 4.23. In persons attenuated from any disease, whether acute or chronic, or from wounds, or any other cause, if there be a discharge either of black bile, or resembling black blood, they die on the following day.

> Greek: 4.23. 23. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐκ νουσημάτων ὀξέων ἢ πολυχρονίων, ἢ ἐκ τρωμάτων, ἢ ἄλλως πως λελεπτυσμένοισι χολὴ μέλαινα ἢ ὁκοῖον αἷμα μέλαν ὑπέλθῃ, τῇ ὑστεραίῃ ἀποθνήσκουσιν.

[¶26] 4.24. Dysentery, if it commence with black bile, is mortal.

> Greek: 4.24. 24. δυσεντερίη ἢν ἀπὸ χολῆς μελαίνης ἄρξηται, θανάσιμον.

[¶27] 4.25. Blood discharged upward, whatever be its character, is a bad symptom, but downward it is (more?) favorable, and so also black dejections.

> Greek: 4.25. 25. αἷμα ἄνω μὲν ὁκοῖον ἂν ᾖ, κακὸν, κάτω δὲ, ἀγαθὸν, καὶ τὰ μέλανα ὑποχωρέοντα.

[¶28] 4.26. If in a person ill of dysentery, substances resembling flesh be discharged from the bowels, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 4.26. 26. ἢν ὑπὸ δυσεντερίης ἐχομένῳ ὁκοῖαι σάρκες ὑποχωρήσωσι, θανάσιμον.

[¶29] 4.27. In whatever cases of fever there is a copious hemorrhage from whatever channel, the bowels are in a loose state during convalescence.

> Greek: 4.27. 27. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν αἱμοῤῥαγέει πλῆθος ὁκοθενοῦν, ἐν τῇσιν ἀναλήψεσι τουτέοισιν αἱ κοιλίαι καθυγραίνονται.

[¶30] 4.28. In all cases whatever, bilious discharges cease if deafness supervenes, and in all cases deafness ceases when bilious discharges supervene.

> Greek: 4.28. 28. Ὁκόσοισι χολώδεα τὰ διαχωρήματα, κωφώσιος γενομένης παύεται, καὶ ὁκόσοισι κώφωσις, χολωδέων γενομένων παύεται.

[¶31] 4.29. Rigors which occur on the sixth day have a difficult crisis.

> Greek: 4.29. 29. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἑκταίοισιν ἐοῦσι ῥίγεα γίνεται, δύσκριτα.

[¶32] 4.30. Diseases attended with paroxysms, if at the same hour that the fever leaves it return again next day, are of difficult crisis.

> Greek: 4.30. 30. Ὁκόσοισι παροξυσμοὶ γίνονται, ἣν ἂν ὥρην ἀφῇ, ἐς τὴν αὔριον τὴν αὐτὴν ὥρην ἢν λάβῃ, δύσκριτα.

[¶33] 4.31. In febrile diseases attended with a sense of lassitude, deposits form about the joints, and especially those of the jaws.

> Greek: 4.31. 31. τοῖσι κοπιώδεσιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἐς ἄρθρα καὶ παρὰ τὰς γνάθους μάλιστα ἀποστάσιες γίνονται.

[¶34] 4.32. In convalescents from diseases, if any part be pained, there deposits are formed.

> Greek: 4.32. 32. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἀνισταμένοισιν ἐκ τῶν νούσων τι πονέσει, ἐνταῦθα ἀποστάσιες γίνονται.

[¶35] 4.33. But if any part be in a painful state previous to the illness, there the disease fixes.

> Greek: 4.33. 33. ἀτὰρ ἢν καὶ προπεπονηκός τι ᾖ πρὸ τοῦ νοσέειν, ἐνταῦθα στηρίζει ἡ νοῦσος.

[¶36] 4.34. If a person laboring under a fever, without any swelling in the fauces, be seized with a sense of suffocation suddenly, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 4.34. 34. ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῇ φάρυγγι, πνὶξ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστῇ, θανάσιμον.

[¶37] 4.35. If in a person with fever, the become suddenly distorted, and he cannot swallow unless with difficulty, although no swelling be present, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 4.35. 35. ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ ὁ τράχηλος ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστραφῇ, καὶ μόλις καταπίνειν δύνηται, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος, θανάσιμον.

[¶38] 4.36. Sweats, in febrile diseases, are favorable, if they set in on the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, fourteenth, seventeenth, twenty-first, twenty-seventh, and thirty-fourth day, for these sweats prove a crisis to the disease; but sweats not occurring thus, indicate pain, a protracted disease, and relapses.

> Greek: 4.36. 36. ἱδρῶτες πυρεταίνουσιν ἢν ἄρξωνται, ἀγαθοὶ τριταῖοι, καὶ πεμπταῖοι, καὶ ἑβδομαῖοι, καὶ ἐναταῖοι, καὶ ἑνδεκαταῖοι, καὶ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκαταῖοι, καὶ ἑπτακαιδεκαταῖοι, καὶ μιῇ καὶ εἰκοστῇ, καὶ ἑβδόμῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ, καὶ τριηκοστῇ πρώτῃ, καὶ τριηκοστῇ τετάρτῃ· οὗτοι γὰρ οἱ ἱδρῶτες νούσους κρίνουσιν· οἱ δὲ μὴ οὕτω γινόμενοι πόνον σημαίνουσι καὶ μῆκος νούσου καὶ ὑποτροπιασμούς.

[¶39] 4.37. Cold sweats occurring with an acute fever, indicate death; and along with a milder one, a protracted disease.

> Greek: 4.37. 37. οἱ ψυχροὶ ἱδρῶτες, ξὺν μὲν ὀξεῖ πυρετῷ γινόμενοι, θάνἀτον, ξὺν πρηϋτέρῳ δὲ, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνουσιν.

[¶40] 4.38. And in whatever part of the body there is a sweat, it shows that the disease is seated there.

> Greek: 4.38. 38. καὶ ὅκου ἔνι τοῦ σώματος ἱδρὼς, ἐνταῦθα φράζει τὴν νοῦσον.

[¶41] 4.39. And in whatever part of the body heat or cold is seated, there is disease.

> Greek: 4.39. 39. καὶ ὅκου ἔνι τοῦ σώματος θερμὸν ἢ ψυχρὸν, ἐνταῦθα ἡ νοῦσος.

[¶42] 4.40. And wherever there are changes in the whole body, and if the body be alternately cold and hot, or if one color succeed another, this indicates a protracted disease.

> Greek: 4.40. 40. καὶ ὅκου ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι μεταβολαὶ, καὶ ἢν τὸ σῶμα καταψύχηται, ἢ αὖθις θερμαίνηται, ἢ χρῶμα ἕτερον ἐξ ἑτέρου γίνηται, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.

[¶43] 4.41. A copious sweat after sleep occuring without any manifest cause, indicates that the body is using too much food. But if it occur when one is not taking food, it indicates that evacuation is required.

> Greek: 4.41. 41. ἱδρὼς πουλὺς ἐξ ὕπνου ἄνευ τινὸς αἰτίης φανερῆς γινόμενος, τὸ σῶμα σημαίνει ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ χρέεται· ἢν δὲ τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντι τοῦτο γίγνηται, σημαίνει ὅτι κενώσιος δέεται.

[¶44] 4.42. A copious sweat, whether hot or cold, flowing continuously, indicates, the cold a greater, and the hot a lesser disease.

> Greek: 4.42. 42. ἱδρὼς πουλὺς ψυχρὸς ἢ θερμὸς αἰεὶ ῥέων, ὁ μὲν ψυχρὸς, μέζω, ὁ δὲ θερμὸς, ἐλάσσω, νοῦσον σημαίνει.

[¶45] 4.43. Fevers, not of the intermittent type, which are exacerbated on the third day, are dangerous; but if they intermit in any form, this indicates that they are not dangerous.

> Greek: 4.43. 43. οἱ πυρετοὶ ὁκόσοι, μὴ διαλείποντες, διὰ τρίτης ἰσχυρότεροι γίνονται, ἐπικίνδυνοι· ὅτῳ δʼ ἂν τρόπῳ διαλείπωσι, σημαίνει ὅτι ἀκίνδυνοι.

[¶46] 4.44. In cases attended with protracted fevers, tubercles (phymata) or pains occur about the joints.

> Greek: 4.44. 44. Ὁκόσοισι πυρετοὶ μακροὶ, τουτέοισι φύματα ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐγγίνονται.

[¶47] 4.45. When tubercles (phymata) or pains attack the joints after fevers, such persons are using too much food.

> Greek: 4.45. 45. Ὁκόσοισι φύματα, ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐκ πυρετῶν γίγνονται, οὗτοι σιτίοισι πλείοσι χρέονται.

[¶48] 4.46. If in a fever not of the intermittent type a rigor seize a person already much debilitated, it is mortal.

> Greek: 4.46. 46. ἢν ῥῖγος ἐπιπίπτῃ πυρετῷ μὴ διαλείποντι, ἤδη ἀσθενεῖ ἐόντι, θανάσιμον.

[¶49] 4.47. In fevers not of the intermittent type, expectorations which are livid bloody, fetid and bilious, are all bad; but if evacuated properly, they are favorable. So it is with the alvine evacuations and the urine. But if none of the proper excretions take place by these channels, it is bad.

> Greek: 4.47. 47. αἱ ἀποχρέμψιες αἱ ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσιν, αἱ πελιδναὶ, καὶ αἱματώδεες, καὶ δυσώδεες, καὶ χολώδεες, πᾶσαι κακαί· ἀποχωρέουσαι δὲ καλῶς, ἀγαθαὶ, καὶ κατὰ τὰς διαχωρήσιας, καὶ κατὰ τὰ οὖρα· ἢν δε μή τι τῶν ξυμφερόντων ἐκκρίνηται διὰ τῶν τόπων τούτων, κακόν.

[¶50] 4.48. In fevers not of the intermittent type, if the external parts be cold, but the internal be burnt up, and if there be thirst, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 4.48. 48. ἐν τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢν τὰ μὲν ἔξω ψυχρὰ ᾖ, τὰ δὲ ἔνδον καίηται, καὶ δίψαν ἔχῃ, θανάσιμον.

[¶51] 4.49. In a fever not of the intermittent type, if a lip, an eye-brow, an eye, or the nose, be distorted; or if there be loss of sight or of hearing, and the patient be in a weak state-whatever of these symptoms occur, death is at hand.

> Greek: 4.49. 49. ἐν μὴ διαλείποντι πυρετῷ, ἢν χεῖλος, ἢ ὀφρὺς, ἢ ὀφθαλμὸς, ἢ ῥὶς διαστραφῇ, ἢν μὴ βλέπῃ, ἢν μὴ ἀκούῃ, ἀσθενέος ἐόντος τοῦ κάμνοντος, ὅ τι ἂν τουτέων γένηται, ἐγγὺς ὁ θάνατος.

[¶52] 4.50. Apostemes in fevers which are not resolved at the first crisis, indicate a protracted disease.

> Greek: 4.50. 50. ὅκου ἐν πυρετῷ μὴ διαλείποντι δύσπνοια γίνεται καὶ παραφροσύνη, θανάσιμον.

[¶53] 4.51. When in a fever not of the intermittent type dyspnoea and delirium come on, the case is mortal.

> Greek: 4.51. 51. ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἀποστήματα μὴ λυόμενα πρὸς τὰς πρώτας κρίσιας, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.

[¶54] 4.52. When persons in fevers, or in other illnesses, shed tears voluntarily, it is nothing out of place; but when they shed tears involuntarily, it is more so.

> Greek: 4.52. 52. ὁκόσοι ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τῇσιν ἄλλῃσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσι κατὰ προαίρεσιν δακρύουσιν, οὐδὲν ἄτοπον· ὁκόσοι δὲ μὴ κατὰ προαίρεσιν, ἀτοπώτερον.

[¶55] 4.53. In whatever cases of fever very viscid concretions form about the teeth, the fevers turn out to be particularly strong.

> Greek: 4.53. 53. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ὀδόντων ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι περίγλισχρα γίνεται, ἰσχυρότεροι γίνονται οἱ πυρετοί.

[¶56] 4.54. In whatever case of ardent fever dry coughs of a tickling nature with slight expectoration are long protracted, there is usually not much thirst.

> Greek: 4.54. 54. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐπὶ πουλὺ βῆχες ξηραὶ, βραχέα ἐρεθίζουσαι, ἐν πυρετοῖσι καυσώδεσιν, οὐ πάνυ τι διψώδεές εἰσιν.

[¶57] 4.55. All fevers complicated with buboes are bad, except ephemerals.

> Greek: 4.55. 55. οἱ ἐπὶ βουβῶσι πυρετοὶ, πάντες κακοὶ, πλὴν τῶν ἐφημέρων.

[¶58] 4.56. Sweat supervening in a case of the fever ceasing, is bad, for the disease is protracted, and it indicates more copious humors.

> Greek: 4.56. 56. πυρέσσοντι ἱδρὼς ἐπιγενόμενος, μὴ ἐκλείποντος τοῦ πυρετοῦ, κακόν· μηκύνει γὰρ ἡ νοῦσος, καὶ ὑγρασίην πλείω σημαίνει.

[¶59] 4.57. Fever supervening in a case of confirmed spasm, or of tetanus, removes the disease.

> Greek: 4.57. 57. ὑπὸ σπασμοῦ ἢ τετάνου ἐχομένῳ πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὸ νόσημα.

[¶60] 4.58. A rigor supervening in a case of ardent fever, produces resolution of it.

> Greek: 4.58. 58. ὑπὸ καύσου ἐχομένῳ, ἐπιγενομένου ῥίγεος, λύσις.

[¶61] 4.59. A true tertian comes to a crisis in seven periods at furthest.

> Greek: 4.59. 59. τριταῖος ἀκριβὴς κρίνεται ἐν ἑπτὰ περιόδοισι τὸ μακρότατον.

[¶62] 4.60. When in fevers there is deafness, if blood run from the nostrils, or the bowels become disordered, it carries off the disease.

> Greek: 4.60. 60. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τὰ ὦτα κωφωθῇ, αἷμα ἐκ ῥινῶν ῥυὲν, ἢ κοιλίη ἐκταραχθεῖσα, λύει τὸ νούσημα.

[¶63] 4.61. In a febrile complaint, if the fever do not leave on the odd days, it relapses.

> Greek: 4.61. 61. πυρέσσοντι ἢν μὴ ἐν περισσῇσιν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀφῇ ὁ πυρετὸς, ὑποτροπιάζειν εἴωθεν.

[¶64] 4.62. When jaundice supervenes in fevers before the seventh day, it a bad symptom, unless there be watery discharges from the bowels.

> Greek: 4.62. 62. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν ἴκτεροι ἐπιγίνονται πρὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμερῶν, κακὸν, ἢν μὴ ξυνδόσιες ὑγρῶν κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην γένωνται.

[¶65] 4.63. In whatever cases of fever rigors occur during the day, the fevers come to a resolution during the day.

> Greek: 4.63. 63. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι καθʼ ἡμέρην ῥίγεα γίνηται, καθʼ ἡμέρην οἱ πυρετοὶ λύονται.

[¶66] 4.64. When in cases of fever jaundice occurs on the seventh, the ninth, the eleventh, or the fourteenth day, it is a good symp-tom, provided the hypochondriac region be not hard. Otherwise it is not a good symptom.

> Greek: 4.64. 64. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἢ τῇ ἐνάτῃ ἢ τῇ ἑνδεκάτῃ ἢ τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἴκτεροι ἐπιγίνονται, ἀγαθὸν, ἢν μὴ τὸ δεξιὸν ὑποχόνδριον σκληρὸν ᾖ· ἢν δὲ μὴ, οὐκ ἀγαθόν.

[¶67] 4.65. A strong heat about the stomach and cardialgia are bad symptoms in fevers.

> Greek: 4.65. 65. ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι περὶ τὴν κοιλίην καῦμα ἰσχυρὸν καὶ καρδιωγμὸς, κακόν.

[¶68] 4.66. In acute fevers, spasms, and strong pains about the bowels are bad symptoms.

> Greek: 4.66. 66. ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσιν ὀξέσιν οἱ σπασμοὶ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὰ σπλάγχνα πόνοι ἰσχυροὶ, κακόν.

[¶69] 4.67. In fevers, frights after sleep, or convulsions, are a bad symptom.

> Greek: 4.67. 67. ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσιν οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων φόβοι, ἢ σπασμοὶ, κακόν.

[¶70] 4.68. In fevers, a stoppage of the respiration is a bad symptom, for it indicates convulsions.

> Greek: 4.68. 68. ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τὸ πνεῦμα προσκόπτον, κακόν· σπασμὸν γὰρ σημαίνει.

[¶71] 4.69. When the urine is thick, grumoss, and scanty in cases not free from fever a copious discharge of thinner urine proves beneficial. Such a discharge more commonly takes place when the urine has had a sediment from the first, or soon after the commencement.

> Greek: 4.69. 69. Ὁκόσοισιν οὖρα παχέα, θρομβώδεα, ὀλίγα, οὐκ ἀπυρέτοισι, πλῆθος ἐπελθὸν ἐκ τουτέων λεπτὸν ὠφελέει· μάλιστα δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔρχεται, οἷσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἢ διὰ ταχέων ὑπόστασιν ἴσχει.

[¶72] 4.70. When in fevers the urine is turbid, like that of a beast of burden, in such a case there either is or will be headache.

> Greek: 4.70. 70. Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐν πυρετοῖσι τὰ οὖρα ἀνατεταραγμένα οἷον ὑποζυγίου, τουτέοισι κεφαλαλγίαι ἢ πάρεισιν, ἢ παρέσονται.

[¶73] 4.71. In cases which come to a crisis on the seventh day, the urine has a red nubecula on the fourth day, and the other symptoms accordingly.

> Greek: 4.71. 71. Ὁκόσοισιν ἑβδομαῖα κρίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἐπινέφελον ἴσχει τὸ οὖρον τῇ τετάρτῃ ἐρυθρὸν, καὶ τἄλλα κατὰ λόγον.

[¶74] 4.72. When the urine is transparent and white, it is bad; it appears principally in cases of phrenitis.

> Greek: 4.72. 72. Ὁκόσοισιν οὖρα διαφανέα λευκὰ, πονηρά· μάλιστα δὲ ἐν τοῖσι φρενιτικοῖσιν ἐπιφαίνεται.

[¶75] 4.73. When the hypochondriac region is affected with meteorism and borborygmi, should pain of the loins supervene, the bowels get into a loose and watery state, unless there be an eruption of flatus or a copious evacuation of urine. These things occur in fevers.

> Greek: 4.73. 73. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑποχόνδρια μετέωρα, διαβορβορύζοντα, ὀσφύος ἀλγήματος ἐπιγενομένου, αἱ κοιλίαι τουτέοισι καθυγραίνονται, ἢν μὴ φῦσαι καταῤῥαγέωσιν, ἢ οὔρου πλῆθος ἐπέλθῃ· ἐν πυρετοῖσι δὲ ταῦτα.

[¶76] 4.74. When there is reason to expect that an abscess will form in joints, the abscess is carried off by a copious discharge of urine, which is thick, and becomes white, like what begins to form in certain cases of quartan fever, attended with a sense of lassitude. It is also speedily carried off by a hemorrhage from the nose.

> Greek: 4.74. 74. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐλπὶς ἐς ἄρθρα ἀφίστασθαι, ῥύεται τῆς ἀποστάσιος οὖρον πουλὺ, κάρτα παχὺ, καὶ λευκὸν γινόμενον, οἷον ἐν τοῖσι κοπιώδεσι πυρετοῖσι τεταρταίοισιν ἄρχεται ἐνίοισι γίνεσθαι· ἢν δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν αἱμοῤῥαγήσῃ, καὶ πάνυ ταχὺ λύεται.

[¶77] 4.75. Blood or pus in the urine indicates ulceration either of the kidneys or of the bladder.

> Greek: 4.75. 75. ἢν αἷμα ἢ πῦον οὐρέῃ, τῶν νεφρῶν ἢ τῆς κύστιος ἕλκωσιν σημαίνει.

[¶78] 4.76. When small fleshy substances like hairs are discharged along with thick urine, these substances come from the kidneys.

> Greek: 4.76. 76. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ παχεῖ ἐόντι σαρκία σμικρὰ ὥσπερ τρίχες συνεξέρχονται, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν ἐκκρίνεται.

[¶79] 4.77. In those cases where there are furfuraceous particles discharged along with thick urine, there is scabies of the bladder.

> Greek: 4.77. 77. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ παχεῖ ἐόντι πιτυρώδεα συνεξουρέεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ κύστις ψωριᾷ.

[¶80] 4.78. In those cases where there is a spontaneous discharge of bloody urine, it indicates rupture of a small vein in the kidneys.

> Greek: 4.78. 78. ὁκόσοι ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου αἷμα οὐρέουσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν φλεβίου ῥῆξιν σημαίνει.

[¶81] 4.79. In those cases where there is a sandy sediment in the urine, there is calculus in the bladder (or kidneys).

> Greek: 4.79. 79. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ ψαμμώδεα ὑφίσταται, τουτέοισιν ἡ κύστις λιθιᾷ.

[¶82] 4.80. If a patient pass blood and clots in his urine, and have strangury, and if a pain seize the hypogastric region and perineum, the parts about the bladder are affected.

> Greek: 4.80. 80. ἢν αἷμα· οὐρέῃ καὶ θρόμβους, καὶ στραγγουρίην ἔχῃ, καὶ ὀδύνη ἐμπίπτῃ ἐς τὸ ὑπογάστριον καὶ ἐς τὸν περίνεον, τὰ περὶ τὴν κύστιν πονέει.

[¶83] 4.81. If a patient pass blood, pus, and scales, in the urine, and if it have a heavy smell, ulceration of the bladder is indicated.

> Greek: 4.81. 81. ἢν αἷμα καὶ πῦον οὐρέῃ καὶ λεπίδας, καὶ ὀσμὴ βαρέη ᾖ, τῆς κύστιος ἕλκωσιν σημαίνει.

[¶84] 4.82. When tubercles form in the urethra, if these suppurate and burst, there is relief.

> Greek: 4.82. 82. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇ οὐρήθρῃ φύματα φύεται, τουτέοισι, διαπυήσαντος καὶ ἐκραγέντος, λύσις.

[¶85] 4.83. When much urine is passed during the night, it indicates that the alvine evacuations are scanty.

> Greek: 4.83. 83. οὔρησις νύκτωρ πολλὴ γινομένη, σμικρὴν τὴν ὑποχώρησιν σημαίνει.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΕΜΠΤΟΝ 1.

[¶86] 5.1. A spasm from taking hellebore is of a fatal nature.

> Greek: 5.1. σπασμὸς ἐξ ἐλλεβόρου, θανάσιμον.

[¶87] 5.2. Spasm supervening on a wound is fatal.

> Greek: 5.2. 2. ἐπὶ τρώματι σπασμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, θανάσιμον.

[¶88] 5.3. A convulsion, or hiccup, supervening on a copious discharge of blood is bad.

> Greek: 5.3. 3. αἵματος πολλοῦ ῥυέντος, σπασμὸς ἢ λυγμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, κακόν.

[¶89] 5.4. A convulsion, or hiccup, supervening upon hypercatharsis is bad.

> Greek: 5.4. 4. ἐπὶ ὑπερκαθάρσει σπασμὸς ἢ λυγμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος, κακόν.

[¶90] 5.5. If a drunken person suddenly lose his speech, he will die convulsed, unless fever come on, or he recover his speech at the time when the consequences of a debauch pass off.

> Greek: 5.5. 5. ἢν μεθύων ἐξαίφνης ἄφωνός τις γένηται, σπασθεὶς ἀποθνήσκει, ἢν μὴ πυρετὸς ἐπιλάβῃ, ἢ ἐς τὴν ὥρην ἐλθὼν, καθʼ ἣν αἱ κραιπάλαι λύονται, φθέγξηται.

[¶91] 5.6. Such persons as are seized with tetanus die within four days, or if they pass these they recover.

> Greek: 5.6. 6. ὁκόσοι ὑπὸ τετάνου ἁλίσκονται, ἐν τέσσαρσιν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται· ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ὑγιέες γίνονται.

[¶92] 5.7. Those cases of epilepsy which come on before puberty may undergo a change; but those which come on after twenty-five years of age, for the most part terminate in death.

> Greek: 5.7. 7. τὰ ἐπιληπτικὰ ὁκόσοισι πρὸ τῆς ἥβης γίνεται, μετάστασιν ἴσχει· ὁκόσοισι δὲ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτέων γίνεται, τουτέοισι τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.

[¶93] 5.8. In pleuritic affections, when the disease is not purged off in fourteen days, it usually terminates in empyema.

> Greek: 5.8. 8. ὁκόσοι πλευριτικοὶ γενόμενοι οὐκ ἀνακαθαίρονται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσι, τουτέοισιν ἐς ἐμπύημα καθίσταται.

[¶94] 5.9. Phthisis most commonly occurs between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years.

> Greek: 5.9. 9. φθίσις γίνεται μάλιστα ἡλικίῃσι τῇσιν ἀπὸ ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἐτέων μέχρι πέντε καὶ τριήκοντα ἐτέων.

[¶95] 5.10. Persons who escape an attack of quinsy, and when the disease is turned upon the lungs, die in seven days; or if they pass these they become affected with empyema.

> Greek: 5.10. 10. ὁκόσοι κυνάγχην διαφεύγουσι, καὶ ἐς τὸν πλεύμονα αὐτέοισι τρέπεται, ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν ἀποθνήσκουσιν· ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ἒμπυοι γίνονται.

[¶96] 5.11. In persons affected with phthisis, if the sputa which they cough up have a heavy smell when poured upon coals, and if the hairs of the head fall off, the case will prove fatal.

> Greek: 5.11. 11. τοῖσιν ὑπὸ τῶν φθισίων ἐνοχλουμένοισιν, ἢν τὸ πτύσμα, ὅπερ ἂν ἀποβήσσωσι, βαρὺ ὄζῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄνθρακας ἐπιχεόμενον, καὶ αἱ τρίχες ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ῥέωσι, θανατῶδες.

[¶97] 5.12. Phthisical persons, the hairs of whose head fall off, die if diarrhoea set in.

> Greek: 5.12. 12. Ὁκόσοισι φθισιῶσιν αἱ τρίχες ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ῥέουσιν, οὗτοι, διαῤῥοίης ἐπιγενομένης, ἀποθνήσκουσιν.

[¶98] 5.13. In persons who cough up frothy blood, the discharge of it comes from the lungs.

> Greek: 5.13. 13. ὁκόσοι αἷμα ἀφρῶδες ἀναπτύουσι, τουτέοισιν ἐκ τοῦ πλεύμονος ἡ τοιαύτη ἀναγωγὴ γίνεται.

[¶99] 5.14. Diarrhoea attacking a person affected with phthisis is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: 5.14. 14. ὑπὸ φθίσιος ἐχομένῳ διάῤῥοια ἐπιγενομένη, θανατῶδες.

[¶100] 5.15. Persons who become affected with empyema after pleurisy, if they get clear of it in forty days from the breaking of it, escape the disease; but if not, it passes into phthisis.

> Greek: 5.15. 15. ὁκόσοι ἐκ πλευρίτιδος ἔμπυοι γίνονται, ἢν ἀνακαθαρθῶσιν ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσιν, ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ἡ ῥῆξις γένηται, παύονται· ἢν δὲ μὴ, ἐς φθίσιν μεθίσταντα.

[¶101] 5.16. Heat produces the following bad effects on those who use it frequently: enervation of the fleshy parts, impotence of the nerves, torpor of the understanding, hemorrhages, deliquia, and, along with these, death.

> Greek: 5.16. 16. τὸ θερμὸν βλάπτει ταῦτα πλεονάκις χρεομένοισι, σαρκῶν ἐκθήλυνσιν, νεύρων ἀκράτειαν, γνώμης νάρκωσιν, αἱμμῤῥαγίας, λειποθυμίας, ταῦτα οἷσι θάνατος.

[¶102] 5.17. Cold induces convulsions, tetanus, mortification, and febrile rigors.

> Greek: 5.17. 17. τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν, σπασμοὺς, τετάνους, μελασμοὺς καὶ ῥίγεα πυρετώδεα.

[¶103] 5.18. Cold is inimical to the bones, the teeth, the nerves, the brain, and the spinal marrow, but heat is beneficial.

> Greek: 5.18. 18. τὸ ψυχρὸν, πολέμιον ὀστέοισιν, ὀδοῦσι, νεύροισὶν, ἐγκεφάλῳ, νωτιαίῳ μυελῷ· τὸ δὲ θερμὸν ὠφέλιμον.

[¶104] 5.19. Such parts as have been congealed should be heated, except where there either is a hemorrhage, or one is expected.

> Greek: 5.19. 19. ὁκόσα κατέψυκται, ἐκθερμαίνειν, πλὴν ὁκόσα αἱμοῤῥαγέει, ἢ μέλλει.

[¶105] 5.20. Cold pinches ulcers, hardens the skin, occasions pain which does not end in suppuration, blackens, produces febrile rigors, convulsions, and tetanus.

> Greek: 5.20. 20. ἕλκεσι τὸ μὲν ψυχρὸν δακνῶδες, δέρμα περισκληρύνει, ὀδύνην ἀνεκπύητον ποιέει, μελαίνει, ῥίγεα πυρετώδεα ποιέει, σπασμοὺς καὶ τετάνους.

[¶106] 5.21. In the case of a muscular youth having tetanus without a wound, during the midst of summer, it sometimes happens that the allusion of a large quantity of cold water recalls the heat. Heat relieves these diseases.

> Greek: 5.21. 21. ἔστι δὲ ὅκου ἐπὶ τετάνου ἄνευ ἕλκεος νέῳ εὐσάρκῳ, θέρεος μέσου, ψυχροῦ πολλοῦ κατάχυσις ἐπανάκλησιν θέρμης ποιέεται· θέρμη δὲ ταῦτα ῥύεται.

[¶107] 5.22. Heat is suppurative, but not in all kinds of sores, but when it is, it furnishes the greatest test of their being free from danger. It softens the skin, makes it thin, removes pain, soothes rigor, convulsions, and tetanus. It removes affections of the head, and heaviness of it. It is particularly efficacious in fractures of the bones, especially of those which have been exposed, and most especially in wounds of the head, and in mortifications and ulcers from cold; in herpes exedens, of the anus, the privy parts, the womb, the bladder, in all these cases heat is agreeable, and brings matters to a crisis; but cold is prejudicial, and does mischief.

> Greek: 5.22. 22. τὸ θερμὸν ἐκπυητικὸν, οὐκ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἕλκεϊ, μέγιστον σημεῖον ἐς ἀσφαλείην, δέρμα μαλάσσει, ἰσχναίνει, ἀνώδυνον, ῥιγέων, σπασμῶν, τετάνων παρηγορικόν· τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ καρηβαρίην λύει· πλεῖστον δὲ διαφέρει ὀστέων κατήγμασι, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖσιν ἐψιλωμένοισι, τουτέων δὲ μάλιστα, τοῖσιν ἐν κεφαλῇ ἕλκεα ἔχουσι· καὶ ὁκόσα ὑπὸ ψύξιος θνήσκει, ἢ ἑλκοῦται, καὶ ἕρπησιν ἐσθιομένοισιν, ἕδρῃ, αἰδοίῳ, ὑστέρῃ, κύστει, τουτέοισι τὸ μὲν θερμὸν φίλιον καὶ κρῖνον, τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν πολέμιον καὶ κτεῖνον.

[¶108] 5.23. Cold water is to be applied in the following cases; when there is a hemorrhage, or when it is expected, but not applied to the spot, but around the spot whence the blood flows; and in inflammations and inflammatory affections, inclining to a red and subsaguineous color, and consisting of fresh blood, in these cases it is to be applied but it occasions mortification in old cases; and in erysipelas not attended with ulceration, as it proves injurious to erysipelas when ulcerated.

> Greek: 5.23. 23. ἐν τουτέοισι δεῖ τῷ ψυχρῷ χρέεσθαι, ὁκόθεν αἱμοῤῥαγέει, ἢ μέλλει, μὴ ἐπʼ αὐτὰ, ἀλλὰ περὶ αὐτὰ, ὁκόθεν ἐπιῤῥεῖ· καὶ ὁκόσαι φλεγμοναὶ, ἢ ἐπιφλογίσματα ἐς τὸ ἐρυθρόν καὶ ὕφαιμον ῥέποντα αἵματι νεαρῷ, ἐπὶ ταῦτα, ἐπεὶ τά γε παλαιὰ μελαίνει· καὶ ἐρυσίπελας τὸ μὴ ἑλκούμενον, ἐπεὶ τό γε ἑλκούμενον βλάπτει.

[¶109] 5.24. Cold things, such as snow and ice, are inimical to the chest, being provocative of coughs, of discharges of blood, and of catarrhs.

> Greek: 5.24. 24. τὰ ψυχρὰ, οἷον χιὼν, κρύσταλλος, τῷ στήθεϊ πολέμια, βηχέων κινητικὰ, αἱμοῤῥοϊκαὶ, καταῤῥοϊκά.

[¶110] 5.25. Swellings and pains in the joints, ulceration, those of a gouty nature, and sprains, are generally improved by a copious affusion of cold water, which reduces the swelling, and removes the pain; for a moderate degree of numbness removes pain.

> Greek: 5.25. 25. τὰ ἐν ἄρθροισιν οἰδήματα καὶ ἀλγήματα, ἄτερ ἕλκεος, καὶ ποδαγρικὰ, καὶ σπάσματα, τουτέων τὰ πλεῖστα ψυχρὸν πολλὸν καταχεόμενον ῥηΐζει τε καὶ ἰσχναίνει, καὶ ὀδύνην λύει· νάρκη δὲ μετρίη ὀδύνης λυτική.

[¶111] 5.26. The lightest water is that which is quickly heated and quickly cooled.

> Greek: 5.26. 26. ὕδωρ τὸ ταχέως θερμαινόμενον καὶ ταχέως ψυχόμενον, κουφότατον.

[¶112] 5.27. When persons have intense thirst, it is a good thing if they can sleep off the desire of drinking.

> Greek: 5.27. 27. Ὁκόσοισι πιεῖν ὀρέξιες νύκτωρ τοῖσι πάνυ διψῶσιν, ἢν ἐπικοιμηθῶσιν, ἀγαθὸν.

[¶113] 5.28. Fumigation with aromatics promotes menstruation, and would be useful in many other cases, if it did not occasion heaviness of the head.

> Greek: 5.28. 28. γυναικείων ἀγωγὸν, ἡ ἐν ἀρώμασι πυρίη, πολλαχῆ δὲ καὶ ἐς ἄλλα χρησίμη ἂν ἦν, εἰ μὴ καρηβαρίας ἐνεποίεεν.

[¶114] 5.29. Women in a state of pregnancy may be purged, if there be any urgent necessity (or, if the humors be in a state of orgasm?), from the fourth to the seventh month, but less so in the latter case. In the first and last periods it must be avoided.

> Greek: 5.29. 29. τὰς κυούσας φαρμακεύειν, ἢν ὀργᾷ, τετράμηνα, καὶ ἄχρι ἑπτὰ μηνῶν ἧσσον· τὰ δὲ νήπια καὶ πρεσβύτερα εὐλαβέεσθαι.

[¶115] 5.30. It proves fatal to a woman in a state of pregnancy, if she be seized with any of the acute diseases.

> Greek: 5.30. 30. γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὀξέων νουσημάτων ληφθῆναι, θανατῶδες.

[¶116] 5.31. If a woman with child be bled, she will have an abortion, and this will be the more likely to happen, the larger the foetus.

> Greek: 5.31. 31. γυνὴ ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα, φλεβοτομηθεῖσα, ἐκτιτρώσκει· καὶ μᾶλλον ᾖσι μεῖζον τὸ ἔμβρυον.

[¶117] 5.32. Haemoptysis in a woman is removed by an eruption of the menses.

> Greek: 5.32. 32. γυναικὶ αἷμα ἐμεούσῃ, τῶν καταμηνίων ῥαγέντων, λύσις.

[¶118] 5.33. In a woman when there is a stoppage the menses, a discharge of blood from the nose is good.

> Greek: 5.33. 33. γυναικὶ, τῶν καταμηνίων ἐκλειπόντων, αἷμα ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν ῥυῆναι, ἀγαθόν.

[¶119] 5.34. When a pregnant woman has a violent diarrhoea, there is danger of her miscarrying.

> Greek: 5.34. 34. γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ, ἢν ἡ κοιλίη πουλλὰ ῥυῇ, κίνδυνος ἐκτρῶσαι.

[¶120] 5.35. Sneezing occurring to a woman affected with hysterics, and in difficult labor, is a good symptom.

> Greek: 5.35. 35. γυναικὶ ὑπὸ ὑστερικῶν ἐνοχλουμένῃ, ἢ δυστοκούσῃ, πταρμὸς ἐπιγινόμενος, ἀγαθόν.

[¶121] 5.36. When the menstrual discharge is of a bad color and irregular, it indicates that the woman stands in need of purging.

> Greek: 5.36. 36. γυναικὶ τὰ καταμήνια ἄχροα, καὶ μὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ αἰεὶ γινόμενα, καθάρσιος δεῖσθαι σημαίνει.

[¶122] 5.37. In a pregnant woman, if the breasts suddenly lose their fullness, she has a miscarriage.

> Greek: 5.37. 37. γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ, ἢν οἱ μασθοὶ ἐξαίφνης ἰσχνοὶ γένωνται, ἐκτιτρώσκει.

[¶123] 5.38. If, in a woman pregnant with twins, either of her breasts lose its fullness, she will part with one of her children; and if it be the right breast which becomes slender, it will be the male child, or if the left, the female.

> Greek: 5.38. 38. γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ ἢν ὁ ἕτερος μασθὸς ἰσχνὸς γένηται, δίδυμα ἐχούσῃ, θάτερον ἐκτιτρώσκει· καὶ ἢν μὲν ὁ δεξιὸς ἰσχνὸς γένηται, τὸ ἄρσεν· ἢν δὲ ὁ ἀριστερὸς, τὸ θῆλυ.

[¶124] 5.39. If a woman who is not with child, nor has brought forth, have milk, her menses are obstructed.

> Greek: 5.39. 39. ἢν γυνὴ μὴ κύουσα, μηδὲ τετοκυῖα, γάλα ἔχῃ, ταύτῃ τὰ καταμήνια ἐκλέλοιπεν.

[¶125] 5.40. In women, blood collected in the breasts indicates madness.

> Greek: 5.40. 40. γυναιξὶν ὁκόσῃσιν ἐς τοὺς τιτθοὺς αἷμα συστρέφεται, μανίην σημαίνει.

[¶126] 5.41. If you wish to ascertain if a woman be with child, give her hydromel to drink when she is going to sleep, and has not taken supper, and if she be seized with tormina in the belly, she is with child, but otherwise she is not pregnant.

> Greek: 5.41. 41. γυναῖκα ἢν θέλῃς εἰδέναι εἰ κύει, ἐπὴν καθεύδειν μέλλῃ, ἀδείπνῳ ἐούσῃ, μελίκρητον διδόναι πιεῖν· κἢν μὲν στρόφος αὐτὴν ἔχῃ περὶ τὴν γαστέρα, κύει· ἢν δὲ μὴ, οὐ κύει.

[¶127] 5.42. A woman with child, if it be a male, has a good color, but if a female, she has a bad color.

> Greek: 5.42. 42. γυνὴ ἔγκυος, ἢν μὲν ἄρσεν κύῃ, εὔχροός ἐστιν· ἢν δὲ θῆλυ, δύσχροος.

[¶128] 5.43. If erysipelas of the womb seize a woman with child, it will probably prove fatal.

> Greek: 5.43. 43. ἢν γυναικὶ κυούσῃ ἐρυσίπελας ἐν τῇ ὑστέρῃ γένηται, θανατῶδες.

[¶129] 5.44. Women who are very lean, have miscarriages when they prove with child, until they get into better condition.

> Greek: 5.44. 44. ὁκόσαι παρὰ φύσιν λεπταὶ ἐοῦσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσιν, ἐκτιτρώσκουσι, πρὶν ἢ παχυνθῆναι.

[¶130] 5.45. When women, in a moderate condition of body, miscarry in the second or third month, without any obvious cause, their cotyledones are filled with mucosity, and cannot support the weight of the foetus, but are broken asunder.

> Greek: 5.45. 45. ὁκόσαι δὲ μετρίως τὸ σῶμα ἔχουσαι ἐκτιτρώσκουσι δίμηνα καὶ τρίμηνα ἄτερ προφάσιος φανερῆς, ταύτῃσιν αἱ κοτυληδόνες μύξης μεσταί εἰσι, καὶ οὐ δύνανται κρατέειν ὑπὸ τοῦ βάρεος τὸ ἔμβρυον, ἀλλʼ ἀποῤῥήγνυνται.

[¶131] 5.46. Such women as are immoderately fat, and do not prove with child, in them it is because the epiploon (fat?) blocks up the mouth of the womb, and until it be reduced, they do not conceive.

> Greek: 5.46. 46. ὁκόσαι παρὰ φύσιν παχεῖαι ἐοῦσαι μὴ ξυλλαμβάνουσιν ἐν γαστρὶ, ταύτῃσι τὸ ἐπίπλοον τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ἀποπιέζει, καὶ, πρὶν ἢ λεπτυνθῆναι, οὐ κύουσιν.

[¶132] 5.47. If the portion of the uterus seated near the hip-joint suppurate, it gets into a state requiring to be treated with tents.

> Greek: 5.47. 47. ἢν ὑστέρη ἐν τῷ ἰσχίῳ ἐγκειμένη διαπυήσῃ, ἀνάγκη ἔμμοτον γενέσθαι.

[¶133] 5.48. The male foetus is usually seated in the right, and the female in the left side.

> Greek: 5.48. 48. ἔμβρυα τὰ μὲν ἄρσενα ἐν τοῖσι δεξιοῖσι, τὰ δὲ θήλεα ἐν τοῖσιν ἀριστεροῖσι μᾶλλον.

[¶134] 5.49. To procure the expulsion of the secundines, apply a sternutatory, and shut the nostrils and mouth.

> Greek: 5.49. 49. ὑστέρων ἐκπτώσιες, πταρμικὸν προσθεὶς, ἐπιλάμβανε τοὺς μυκτῆρας καὶ τὸ στόμα.

[¶135] 5.50. If you wish to stop the menses in a woman, apply as large a cupping instrument as possible to the breasts.

> Greek: 5.50. 50. γυναικὶ τὰ καταμήνια ἢν βούλῃ ἐπισχεῖν, σικύην ὡς μεγίστην πρὸς τοὺς τιτθοὺς πρόσβαλλε.

[¶136] 5.51. When women are with child, the mouth of their womb is closed.

> Greek: 5.51. 51. ὁκόσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσι, τουτέων τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ξυμμέμυκεν.

[¶137] 5.52. If in a woman with child, much milk flow from the breasts, it indicates that the foetus is weak; but if the breasts be firm, it indicates that the foetus is in a more healthy state.

> Greek: 5.52. 52. ἢν γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ γάλα πουλὺ ἐκ τῶν μαζῶν ῥυῇ, ἀσθενὲς τὸ ἔμβρυον σημαίνει· ἢν δὲ στερεοὶ οἱ μαστοὶ ἔωσιν, ὑγιεινότερον τὸ ἔμβρυον σημαίνει.

[¶138] 5.53. In women that are about to miscarry, the breasts become slender; but if again they become hard, there will be pain, either in the breasts, or in the hip-joints, or in the eyes, or in the knees, and they will not miscarry.

> Greek: 5.53. 53. ὁκόσαι διαφθείρειν μέλλουσι τὰ ἔμβρυα, ταύτῃσιν οἱ τιτθοὶ ἰσχνοὶ γίνονται· ἢν δὲ πάλιν σκληροὶ γένωνται, ὀδύνη ἔσται ἢ ἐν τοῖσι τιτθοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσιν ἰσχίοισιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἢ ἐν τοῖσι γούνασι, καὶ οὐ διαφθείρουσιν.

[¶139] 5.54. When the mouth of the uterus is hard, it is also necessarily shut.

> Greek: 5.54. 54. Ὀκόσῃσι τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων σκληρόν ἐστι, ταύτῃσιν ἀνάγκη τὸ στόμα τῶν ὑστερέων ξυμμύειν.

[¶140] 5.55. Women with child who are seized with fevers, and who are greatly emaciated, without any (other?) obvious cause, have difficult and dangerous labors, and if they miscarry, they are in danger.

> Greek: 5.55. 55. ὁκόσαι ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσαι ὑπὸ πυρετῶν λαμβάνονται, καὶ ἰσχυρῶς ἰσχναίνονται, ἄνευ προφάσιος φανερῆς τίκτουσι χαλεπῶς καὶ ἐπικινδύνως, ἢ ἐκτιτρώκουσαι κινδυνεύουσιν.

[¶141] 5.56. In the female flux (immoderate menstruation?), if convulsion and deliquium come on, it is bad.

> Greek: 5.56. 56. ἐπὶ ῥόῳ γυναικείῳ σπασμὸς καὶ λειποθυμίη ἢν ἐπιγένηται, κακόν.

[¶142] 5.57. When the menses are excessive, diseases take place, and when the menses are stopped, diseases from the uterus take place.

> Greek: 5.57. 57. καταμηνίων γενομένων πλειόνων, νοῦσοι ξυμβαίνουσι, καὶ, μὴ γινομένων, ἀπὸ τῆς ὑστέρης γίνονται νοῦσοι.

[¶143] 5.58. Strangury supervenes upon inflammation of the rectum, and of the womb, and strangury supervenes upon suppuration of the kidney, and hiccup upon inflammation of the liver.

> Greek: 5.58. 58. ἐπὶ ἀρχῷ φλεγμαίνοντι, καὶ ὑστέρῃ φλεγμαινούσῃ, στραγγουρίη ἐπιγίνεται, καὶ ἐπὶ νεφροῖσιν ἐμπύοισι στραγγουρίη ἐπιγίνεται, ἐπὶ δὲ ἥπατι φλεγμαίνοντι λὺγξ ἐπιγίνεται.

## 3. Sections 5–7

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/3/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/hippocrates-aphorisms/3/#p-N

[¶0] 5.59. If a woman do not conceive, and wish to ascertain whether she can conceive, having wrapped her up in blankets, fumigate below, and if it appear that the scent passes through the body to the nostrils and mouth, know that of herself she is not unfruitful.

> Greek: 5.59. 59. γυνὴ ἢν μὴ λαμβάνῃ ἐν γαστρὶ, βούλῃ δὲ εἰδέναι εἰ λήψεται, περικαλύψας ἱματίοισι, θυμία κάτω· κἢν μὲν πορεύεσθαι δοκέῃ ἡ ὀδμὴ διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας καὶ ἐς τὸ στόμα, γίνωσκε ὅτι αὐτὴ οὐ διʼ ἑωυτὴν ἄγονός ἐστίν.

[¶1] 5.60. If woman with a child have her courses, it is impossible that the child can be healthy.

> Greek: 5.60. 60. ἢν γυναικὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ αἱ καθάρσιες πορεύωνται, ἀδύνατον τὸ ἔμβρυον ὑγιαίνειν.

[¶2] 5.61. If a woman’s courses be suppressed, and neither rigor nor fever has followed, but she has been affected with nausea, you may reckon her to be with child.

> Greek: 5.61. 61. ἢν γυναικὶ αἱ καθάρσιες μὴ πορεύωνται, μήτε φρίκης, μήτε πυρετοῦ ἐπιγινομένου, ἆσαι δὲ αὐτῇ προσπίπτωσι, λογίζου ταύτην ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν.

[¶3] 5.62. Women who have the uterus cold and dense (compact?) do not conceive; and those also who have the uterus humid, do not conceive, for the semen is extinguished, and in women whose uterus is very dry, and very hot, the semen is lost from the want of food; but women whose uterus is in an intermediate state between these temperaments prove fertile.

> Greek: 5.62. 62. ὁκόσαι ψυχρὰς καὶ πυκνὰς τὰς μήτρας ἔχουσιν, οὐ κυΐσκουσιν· καὶ ὁκόσαι καθύγρους ἔχουσι τὰς μήτρας, οὐ κυΐσκουσιν, ἀποσβέννυται γὰρ ὁ γόνος· καὶ ὁκόσαι ξηρὰς μᾶλλον καὶ περικαέας, ἐνδείῃ γὰρ τῆς τροφῆς φθείρεται τὸ σπέρμα· ὁκόσαι δὲ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τὴν κρᾶσιν ἔχουσι ξύμμετρον, αἱ τοιαῦται ἐπίτεκνοι γίνονται.

[¶4] 5.63. And in like manner with respect to males; for either, owing to the laxity of the body, the pneuma is dissipated outwardly, so as not to propel the semen, or, owing to its density, the fluid (semen?) does not pass outwardly; or, owing to coldness, it is not heated so as to collect in its proper place (seminal vessels?), or, owing to its heat, the very same thing happens.

> Greek: 5.63. 63. παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀῤῥένων· ἢ γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἀραιότητα τοῦ σώματος τὸ πνεῦμα ἔξω φέρεται πρὸς τὸ μὴ παραπέμπειν τὸ σπέρμα· ἢ διὰ τὴν πυκνότητα τὸ ὑγρὸν οὐ διαχωρέει ἔξω· ἢ διὰ τὴν ψυχρότητα οὐκ ἐκπυροῦται, ὥστε ἀθροίζεσθαι πρὸς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον· ἢ διὰ τὴν θερμασίην τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο γίνεται.

[¶5] 5.64. It is a bad thing to give milk to persons having headache, and it is also bad to give it in fevers, and to persons whose hypochondria are swelled up, and troubled with borborygmi, and to thirsty persons; it is bad also, when given to those who have bilious discharges in acute fevers, and to those who have copious discharges of blood; but it is suitable in phthisical cases, when not attended with very much fever; it is also to be given in fevers of a chronic and weak nature, when none of the aforementioned symptoms are present, and the patients are excessively emaciated.

> Greek: 5.64. 64. γάλα διδόναι κεφαλαλγέουσι κακόν· κακὸν δὲ καὶ πυρεταίνουσι, καὶ οἷσιν ὑποχόνδρια μετέωρα καὶ διαβορβορύζοντα, καὶ τοῖσι διψώδεσι· κακὸν δὲ, καὶ οἷσι χολώδεες αἱ ὑπ χωρήσιες ἐν ὀξέσι πυρετοῖσιν ἐοῦσι, καὶ οἷσιν αἵματος πολλοῦ διαχώρησις γέγονεν· ἁρμόζει δὲ φθινώδεσι μὴ λίην πολλῷ πυρέσσουσιν· διδόναι δὲ καὶ ἐν πυρετοῖσι μακροῖσι βληχροῖσι, μηδενὸς τῶν προειρημένων σημείων παρεόντος, παρὰ λόγον δὲ ἐκτετηκότων.

[¶6] 5.65. When swellings appear on wounds, such cases are not likely to be attacked either with convulsions, or delirium, but when these disappear suddenly, if situated behind, spasms and tetanus supervene, and if before, mania, acute pains of the sides, or suppurations, or dysentery, if the swellings be rather red.

> Greek: 5.65. 65. Ὁκόσοισιν οἰδήματα ἐφʼ ἕλκεσι φαίνεται, οὐ μάλα σπῶνται, οὐδὲ μαίνονται· τουτέων δὲ ἀφανισθέντων ἐξαίφνης, τοῖσι μὲν ὄπισθεν σπασμοὶ, τέτανοι, τοῖσι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν μανίαι, ὀδύναι πλευροῦ ὀξεῖαι, ἢ ἐμπύησις, ἢ δυσεντερίη, ἢν ἐρυθρὰ μᾶλλον ᾖ τὰ οἰδήματα.

[¶7] 5.66. When no swelling appears on severe and bad wounds, it is a great evil.

> Greek: 5.66. 66. ἢν, τραυμάτων ἰσχυρῶν ἐόντων καὶ πονηρῶν, οἴδημα μὴ φαίνηται, μέγα κακόν.

[¶8] 5.67. In such cases, the soft are favorable; and crude, unfavorable.

> Greek: 5.67. 67. τὰ χαῦνα, χρηστὰ, τὰ ἔνωμα, κακά.

[¶9] 5.68. When a person is pained in the back part of the head, he is benefited by having the straight vein in the forehead opened.

> Greek: 5.68. 68. τῷ τὰ ὄπισθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς ὀδυνωμένῳ ἡ ἐν μετώπῳ ὀρθίη φλὲψ τμηθεῖσα, ὠφελέει.

[¶10] 5.69. Rigors commence in women, especially at the loins, and spread by the back to the head; and in men also, rather in the posterior than the anterior side of the body, as from the arms and thighs; the skin there is rare, as is obvious from the growth of hair on them.

> Greek: 5.69. 69. Ῥίγεα ἄρχεται, γυναιξὶ μὲν ἐξ ὀσφύος μᾶλλον καὶ διὰ νώτου ἐς κεφαλήν· ἀτὰρ καὶ ἀνδράσι μᾶλλον ὄπισθεν, ἢ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ σώματος, οἷον ἀπὸ πήχεων καὶ μηρῶν· ἀτὰρ καὶ τὸ δέρμα ἀραιὸν ἔχουσι, δηλοῖ δὲ τοῦτο ἡ θρίξ.

[¶11] 5.70. Persons attacked with quartans are not readily attacked with convulsions, or if previously attacked with convulsions, they cease if a quartan supervene.

> Greek: 5.70. 70. οἱ ὑπὸ τεταρταίων ἁλισκόμενοι ὑπὸ σπασμοῦ οὐ πάνυ τι ἁλίσκονται· ἢν δὲ ἁλίσκωνται πρότερον, εἶτα ἐπιγένηται τεταρταῖος, παύονται.

[¶12] 5.71. In those persons in whom the skin is stretched, and parched and hard, the disease terminates without sweats; but in those in whom the skin is loose and rare, it terminates with sweats.

> Greek: 5.71. 71. Ὁκόσοισι δέρματα περιτείνεται καρφαλέα καὶ σκληρὰ, ἄνευ ἱδρῶτος τελευτῶσιν· ὁκόσοισι δὲ χαλαρὰ καὶ ἀραιὰ, σὺν ἱδρῶτι τελευτῶσιν.

[¶13] 5.72. Persons disposed to jaundice are not very subject to flatulence.

> Greek: 5.72. 72. οἱ ἰκτεριώδεες οὐ πάνυ τι πνευματώδεές εἰσιν.
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΚΤΟΝ.

[¶14] 6.1. In cases of chronic lientery, acid eructations supervening when there were none previously, is a good symptom.

> Greek: 6.1. 1. ἐν τῇσι χρονίῃσι λειεντερίῃσιν ὀξυρεγμίη ἐπιγινομένη, μὴ γενομένη πρότερον, σημεῖον ἀγαθόν.

[¶15] 6.2. Persons whose noses are naturally watery, and their seed watery, have rather a deranged state of health; but those in the opposite state, a more favorable.

> Greek: 6.2. 2. οἷσι ῥῖνες ὑγρότεραι φύσει, καὶ ἡ γονὴ ὑγροτέρη, ὑγιαίνουσι νοσηρότερον· οἷσι δὲ τἀναντία, ὑγιεινότερον.

[¶16] 6.3. In protracted cases of dysentery, loathing of food is a bad symptom, and still worse, if along with fever.

> Greek: 6.3. 3. ἐν τῇσι μακρῇσι δυσεντερίῃσιν αἱ ἀποσιτίαι, κακόν· καὶ ξὺν πυρετῷ, κάκιον.

[¶17] 6.4. Ulcers, attended with a falling off of the hair, are mali moris.

> Greek: 6.4. 4. τὰ περιμάδαρα ἕλκεα, κακοήθεα.

[¶18] 6.5. It deserves to be considered whether the pains in the sides, and in the breasts, and in the other parts, differ much from one another.

> Greek: 6.5. 5. τῶν ὀδυνέων ἐν πλευρῇσι, καὶ ἐν στήθεσι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι μέρεσιν, ἢν μέγα διαφέρωσι, καταμαθητέον.

[¶19] 6.6. Diseases about the kidneys and bladder are cured with difficulty in old men.

> Greek: 6.6. 6. τὰ νεφριτικὰ, καὶ ὁκόσα κατὰ τὴν κύστιν, ἐργωδῶς ὑγιάζεται τοῖσι πρεσβύτῃσιν.

[¶20] 6.7. Pains occurring about the stomach, the more superficial they are, the more slight are they; and the less superficial, the more severe.

> Greek: 6.7. 7. τὰ ἀλγήματα τὰ κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην γινόμενα, τὰ μὲν μετέωρα κουφότερα, τὰ δὲ μὴ μετέωρα, ἰσχυρότερα.

[¶21] 6.8. In dropsical persons, ulcers forming on the body are not easily healed.

> Greek: 6.8. 8. τοῖσιν ὑδρωπικοῖσι τὰ γινόμενα ἕλκεα ἐν τῷ σώματι, οὐ ῥηϊδίως ὑγιάζεται.

[¶22] 6.9. Broad exanthemata are not very itchy.

> Greek: 6.9. 9. τὰ πλατέα ἐξανθήματα, οὐ πάνυ τι κνησμώδεα.

[¶23] 6.10. In a person having a painful spot in the head, with intense cephalalgia, pus or water running from the nose, or by the mouth, or at the ears, removes the disease.

> Greek: 6.10. 10. κεφαλὴν πονέοντι καὶ περιωδυνέοντι, πῦον, ἢ ὕδωρ, ἢ αἷμα ῥυὲν κατὰ τὰς ῥῖνας, ἢ κατὰ τὸ στόμα, ἢ κατὰ τὰ ὦτα, λύει τὸ νούσημα.

[¶24] 6.11. Hemorrhoids appearing in melancholic and nephritic affections are favorable.

> Greek: 6.11. 11. τοῖσι μελαγχολικοῖσι, καὶ τοῖσι νεφριτικοῖσιν αἱμοῤῥοΐδες ἐπιγινόμεναι, ἀγαθόν.

[¶25] 6.12. When a person has been cured of chronic hemorrhoids, unless one be left, there is danger of dropsy or phthisis supervening.

> Greek: 6.12. 12. τῷ ἰηθέντι χρονίας αἱμοῤῥοΐδας, ἢν μὴ μία φυλαχθῇ, κίνδυνος ὕδρωπα ἐπιγενέσθαι ἢ φθίσιν.

[¶26] 6.13. Sneezing coming on, in the case of a person afflicted with hiccup, removes the hiccup.

> Greek: 6.13. 13. ὑπὸ λυγμοῦ ἐχομένῳ πταρμοὶ ἐπιγενόμενοι λύουσι τὸν λυγμόν.

[¶27] 6.14. In a case of dropsy, when the water runs by the veins into the belly, it removes the disease.

> Greek: 6.14. 14. ὑπὸ ὕδρωπος ἐχομένῳ, κατὰ τὰς φλέβας ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ὕδατος ῥυέντος, λύσις.

[¶28] 6.15. In confirmed diarrhoea, vomiting, when it comes on spontaneously, removes the diarrhoea.

> Greek: 6.15. 15. ὑπὸ διαῤῥοίης ἐχομένῳ μακρῆς ἀπὸ ταυτομάτου ἔμετος ἐπιγινόμενος λύει τὴν διάῤῥοιαν.

[¶29] 6.16. A diarrhoea supervening in a confirmed case of pleurisy or pneumonia is bad.

> Greek: 6.16. 16. ὑπὸ πλευρίτιδος, ἢ ὑπὸ περιπλευμονίης ἐχομένῳ διάῤῥοια ἐπιγενομένη, κακόν.

[¶30] 6.17. It is a good thing in ophthalmy for the patient to be seized with diarrhoea.

> Greek: 6.17. 17. ὀφθαλμιῶντι, ὑπὸ διαῤῥοίης ληφθῆναι, ἀγαθόν.

[¶31] 6.18. A severe wound of the bladder, of the brain, of the heart, of the diaphragm, of the small intestines, of the stomach, and of the liver, is deadly.

> Greek: 6.18. 18. κύστιν διακοπέντι, ἢ ἐγκέφαλον, ἢ καρδίην, ἢ φρένας, ἢ τῶν ἐντέρων τι τῶν λεπτῶν, ἢ κοιλίην, ἢ ἧπαρ, θανατῶδες.

[¶32] 6.19. When a bone, cartilage, nerve, the slender part of the jaw, or prepuce, are cut out, the part is neither restored, nor does it unite.

> Greek: 6.19. 19. ἐπὴν διακοπῇ ὀστέον, ἢ χονδρὸς, ἢ νεῦρον, ἢ γνάθου τὸ λεπτὸν, ἢ ἀκροποσθίη, οὔτε αὔξεται, οὔτε ξυμφύεται.

[¶33] 6.20. If blood be poured out preternaturally into a cavity, it must necessarily become corrupted.

> Greek: 6.20. 20. ἢν ἐς τὴν κοιλίην αἷμα ἐκχυθῇ παρὰ φύσιν, ἀνάγκη ἐκπυηθῆναι.

[¶34] 6.21. In maniacal affections, if varices or hemorrhoids come on, they remove the mania.

> Greek: 6.21. 21. τοῖσι μαινομένοισι, κιρσῶν ἢ αἱμοῤῥοΐδων ἐπιγινομένων, μανίης λύσις.

[¶35] 6.22. Those ruptures in the back which spread down to the elbows are removed by venesection.

> Greek: 6.22. 22. ὁκόσα ῥήγματα ἐκ τοῦ νώτου ἐς τοὺς ἀγκῶνας καταβαίνει, φλεβοτομίη λύει.

[¶36] 6.23. If a fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection.

> Greek: 6.23. 23. ἢν φόβος ἢ δυσθυμίη πουλὺν χρόνον διατελέῃ, μελαγχολικὸν τὸ τοιοῦτον.

[¶37] 6.24. If any of the intestines be transfixed, it does not unite.

> Greek: 6.24. 24. ἐντέρων ἢν διακοπῇ τῶν λεπτῶν τι, οὐ ξυμφύεται.

[¶38] 6.25. It is not a good sign for an erysipelas spreading outwardly to be determined inward; but for it to be determined outward from within is good.

> Greek: 6.25. 25. ἐρυσίπελας, ἔξωθεν καταχεόμενον, ἔσω τρέπεσθαι οὐκ ἀγαθόν· ἔσωθεν δὲ ἔξω, ἀγαθόν.

[¶39] 6.26. In whatever cases of ardent fever tremors occur, they are carried off by a delirium.

> Greek: 6.26. 26. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ἐν τοῖσι καύσοισι τρόμοι γενωνται, παρακοπὴ λύει.

[¶40] 6.27. Those cases of empyema or dropsy which are treated by incision or the cautery, if the water or pus flow rapidly all at once, certainly prove fatal.

> Greek: 6.27. 27. ὁκόσοι ἔμπυοι ἢ ὑδρωπικοὶ τέμνονται ἢ καίονται, ἐκρυέντος τοῦ πύου ἢ τοῦ ὕδατος ἀθρόου, πάντως ἀπόλλυνται.

[¶41] 6.28. Eunuchs do not take the gout, nor become bald.

> Greek: 6.28. 28. εὐνοῦχοι οὐ ποδαγριῶσιν, οὐδὲ φαλακροὶ γίνονται.

[¶42] 6.29. A woman does not take the gout, unless her menses be stopped.

> Greek: 6.29. 29. γυνὴ οὐ ποδαγριᾷ, ἢν μὴ τὰ καταμήνια αὐτέῃ ἐκλίπῃ.

[¶43] 6.30. A young man does not take the gout until he indulges in coition.

> Greek: 6.30. 30. παῖς οὐ ποδαγριᾷ πρὸ τοῦ ἀφροδισιασμοῦ.

[¶44] 6.31. Pains of the eyes are removed by drinking pure wine, or the bath, or a fomentation, or venesection, or purging.

> Greek: 6.31. 31. ὀδύνας ὀφθαλμῶν ἀκρητοποσίη, ἢ λουτρὸν, ἢ πυρίη, ἢ φλεβοτομίη, ἢ φαρμακοποσίη λύει.

[¶45] 6.32. Persons whose speech has become impaired are likely to be seized with chronic diarrhoea.

> Greek: 6.32. 32. Τραυλοὶ ὑπὸ διαῤῥοίης μάλιστα ἁλίσκονται μακρῆς.

[¶46] 6.33. Persons having acid eructations are not very apt to be seized with pleurisy.

> Greek: 6.33. 33. οἱ ὀξυρεγμιώδεες οὐ πάνυ τι πλευριτικοὶ γίνονται.

[¶47] 6.34. Persons who have become bald are not subject to large varices; but should varices supervene upon persons who are bald, their hair again grows thick.

> Greek: 6.34. 34. ὁκόσοι φαλακροὶ, τουτέοισι κιρσοὶ μεγάλοι οὐ γίνονται· ὁκόσοισι δὲ φαλακροῖσιν ἐοῦσιν κιρσοὶ γίνονται, πάλιν οὗτοι γίνονται δασέες.

[¶48] 6.35. Hiccup supervening in dropsical cases is bad.

> Greek: 6.35. 35. τοῖσιν ὑδρωπικοῖσι βὴξ ἐπιγενομένη, κακόν.

[¶49] 6.36. Venesection cures dysuria; open the internal veins of the arm.

> Greek: 6.36. 36. Δυσουρίην φλεβοτομίη λύει, τάμνειν δὲ τὰς ἔσω.

[¶50] 6.37. It is a good symptom when swelling on the outside of the neck seizes a person very ill of quinsy, for the disease is turned outwardly.

> Greek: 6.37. 37. ὑπὸ κυνάγχης ἐχομένῳ οἰδήματα γενέσθαι ἐν τῷ βρόγχῳ ἔξω, ἀγαθόν.

[¶51] 6.38. It is better not to apply any treatment in cases of occult cancer; for, if treated, the patients die quickly; but if not treated, they hold out for a long time.

> Greek: 6.38. 38. Ὁκόσοισι κρυπτοὶ καρκίνοι γίνονται, μὴ θεραπεύειν βέλτιον· θεραπευόμενοι γὰρ ἀπόλλυνται ταχέως, μὴ θεραπευόμενοι δὲ, πουλὺν χρόνον διατελέουσιν.

[¶52] 6.39. Convulsions take place either from repletion or depletion; and so it is with hiccup.

> Greek: 6.39. 39. Σσπασμοὶ γίνονται, ἢ ὑπὸ πληρώσιος, ἢ κενώσιος· οὕτω δὲ καὶ λυγμός.

[¶53] 6.40. When pains, without inflammation, occur about the hypochondria, in such cases, fever supervening removes the pain.

> Greek: 6.40. 40. Ὁκόσοισι περὶ τὸ ὑποχόνδριον πόνοι γίνονται ἄτερ φλεγμοῆς, τουτέοισι πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὸν πόνον.

[¶54] 6.41. When pus formed anywhere in the body does not point, this is owing to the thickness of the part.

> Greek: 6.41. 41. Ὁκόσοισι διάπυόν τι ἐὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι μὴ διασημαίνει, τουτέοισι διὰ παχύτητα τοῦ τόπου οὐ διασημαίνει.

[¶55] 6.42. In cases of jaundice, it is a bad symptom when the liver becomes indurated.

> Greek: 6.42. 42. ἐν τοῖσιν ἰκτερικοῖσι τὸ ἧπαρ σκληρὸν γενέσθαι, πονηρόν.

[¶56] 6.43. When persons having large spleens are seized with dysentery, and if the dysentery pass into a chronic state, either dropsy or lientery supervenes, and they die.

> Greek: 6.43. 43. ὁκόσοι σπληνώδεες ὑπὸ δυσεντερίης ἁλίσκονται, τουτέοισιν, ἐπιγενομένης μακρῆς τῆς δυσεντερίης, ὕδρωψ ἐπιγίνεται, ἢ λειεντερίη, καὶ ἀπόλλυνται.

[¶57] 6.44. When ileus comes on in a case of strangury, they prove fatal in seven days, unless, fever supervening, there be a copious discharge of urine.

> Greek: 6.44. 44. Ὁκόσοισιν ἐκ στραγγουρίης εἰλεοὶ γίνονται, ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται, ἢν μὴ, πυρετοῦ ἐπιγενομένου, ἅλις τὸ οὖρον ῥυῇ.

[¶58] 6.45. When ulcers continue open for a year or upward, there must necessarily be exfoliation of bone, and the cicatrices are hollow.

> Greek: 6.45. 45. ἕλκεα ὁκόσα ἐνιαύσια γίνεται, ἢ μακρότερον χρόνον ἴσχει, ἀνάγκη ὀστέον ἀφίστασθαι, καὶ τὰς οὐλὰς κοίλας γίνεσθαι.

[¶59] 6.46. Such persons as become hump-backed from asthma or cough before puberty, die.

> Greek: 6.46. 46. ὁκόσοι ὑβοὶ ἐξ ἄσθματος ἢ βηχὸς γίνονται πρὸ τῆς ἥβης, ἀπόλλυνται.

[¶60] 6.47. Persons who are benefited by venesection or purging, should be bled or purged in spring.

> Greek: 6.47. 47. Ὁκόσοισι φλεβοτομίη ἢ φαρμακείη ξυμφέρει, τουτέους προσῆκον τοῦ ἦρος φλεβοτομεῖν, ἢ φαρμακεύειν.

[¶61] 6.48. In enlargement of the spleen, it is a good symptom when dysentery comes on.

> Greek: 6.48. 48. τοῖσι σπληνώδεσι δυσεντερίη ἐπιγενομένη, ἀγαθόν.

[¶62] 6.49. In gouty affections, the inflammation subsides in the course of forty days.

> Greek: 6.49. 49. ὁκόσα ποδαγρικὰ νουσήματα γίνεται, ταῦτα ἀποφλεγμήναντα ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσιν ἀποκαθίσταται.

[¶63] 6.50. When the brain is severely wounded, fever and vomiting of bile necessarily supervene.

> Greek: 6.50. 50. Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ὁ ἐγκέφαλος διακοπῇ, τουτέοισιν ἀνάγκη πυρετὸν καὶ χολῆς ἔμετον ἐπιγίνεσθαι.

[¶64] 6.51. When persons in good health are suddenly seized with pains in the head, and straightway are laid down speechless, and breathe with stertor, they die in seven days, unless fever come on.

> Greek: 6.51. 51. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑγιαίνουσιν ὀδύναι γίνονται ἐξαίφνης ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ παραχρῆμα ἄφωνοι κεῖνται, καὶ ῥέγκουσιν, ἀπόλλυνται ἐν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρῃσιν, ἢν μὴ πυρετὸς ἐπιλάβῃ.

[¶65] 6.52. We must attend to the appearances of the eyes in sleep, as presented from below; for if a portion of the white be seen between the closed eyelids, and if this be not connected with diarrhaea or severe purging, it is a very bad and mortal symptom.

> Greek: 6.52. 52. σκοπεῖν δὲ χρὴ καὶ τὰς ὑποφάσιας τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐν τοῖσιν ὕπνοισιν· ἢν γάρ τι ὑποφαίνηται, ξυμβαλλομένων τῶν βλεφάρων, τοῦ λευκοῦ μὴ ἐκ διαῤῥοίης ἐόντι ἢ φαρμακοποσίης, φλαῦρον τὸ σημεῖον καὶ θανατῶδες σφόδρα.

[¶66] 6.53. Delirium attended with laughter is less dangerous than delirium attended with a serious mood.

> Greek: 6.53. 53. αἱ παραφροσύναι αἱ μὲν μετὰ γέλωτος γινόμεναι, ἀσφαλέστεραι· αἱ δὲ μετὰ σπουδῆς, ἐπισφαλέστεραι.

[¶67] 6.54. In acute diseases, complicated with fever, a moaning respiration is bad.

> Greek: 6.54. 54. ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι πάθεσι τοῖσι μετὰ πυρετοῦ αἱ κλαυθμώδεες ἀναπνοαὶ, κακαί.

[¶68] 6.55. For the most part, gouty affections rankle in spring and in autumn.

> Greek: 6.55. 55. τὰ ποδαγρικὰ τοῦ ἦρος καὶ τοῦ φθινοπώρου κινέεται ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλύ.

[¶69] 6.56. In melancholic affections, determinations of the humor which occasions them produce the following diseases; either apoplexy of the whole body, or convulsion, or madness, or blindness.

> Greek: 6.56. 56. τοῖσι μελαγχολικοῖσι νουσήμασιν ἐς τάδε ἐπικίνδυνοι αἱ ἀποσκήψιες· ἢ ἀπόπληξιν τοῦ σώματος, ἢ σπασμὸν, ἢ μανίην, ἢ τύφλωσιν σημαίνουσιν.

[¶70] 6.57. Persons are most subject to apoplexy between the ages of forty and sixty.

> Greek: 6.57. 57. ἀπόπληκτοι δὲ μάλιστα γίνονται ἡλικίῃ τῇ ἀπὸ τεσσαράκοντα ἐτέων ἄχρις ἑξήκοντα.

[¶71] 6.58. If the omentum protrude, it necessarily mortifies and drops off.

> Greek: 6.58. 58. ἢν ἐπίπλοον ἐκπέσῃ, ἀνάγκη ἀποσαπῆναι.

[¶72] 6.59. In chronic diseases of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude and return again into its socket, there is mucosity in the place.

> Greek: 6.59. 59. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑπὸ ἰσχιάδος ἐνοχλουμένοισιν ἐξίσταται τὸ ἰσχίον, καὶ πάλιν ἐμπίπτει, τουτέοισι μύξαι ἐπιγίνονται.

[¶73] 6.60. In persons affected with chronic disease of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude from its socket, the limb becomes wasted and maimed, unless the part be cauterized.

> Greek: 6.60. 60. Ὁκόσοισιν ὑπὸ ἰσχιάδος ἐνοχλουμένοισι χρονίης τὸ ἰσχίον ἐξίσταται, τουτέοισι τήκεται τὸ σκέλος, καὶ χωλοῦνται, ἢν μὴ καυθέωσιν.
ΤΜΗΜΛ ΕΒΔΟΜΟΝ.

[¶74] 7.1. In acute diseases, coldness of the extremities is bad.

> Greek: 7.1. 1. ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι νουσήμασι ψύξις ἀκρωτηρίων, κακόν.

[¶75] 7.2. Livid flesh on a diseased bone is bad.

> Greek: 7.2. 2. ἐπὶ ὀστέῳ νοσέοντι σὰρξ πελιδνὴ, κακόν.

[¶76] 7.3. Hiccup and redness of the eyes, when they supervene on vomiting, are bad.

> Greek: 7.3. 3. ἐπὶ ἐμέτῳ λὺγξ καὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐρυθροὶ, κακόν.

[¶77] 7.4. A chill supervening on a sweat is not good.

> Greek: 7.4. 4. ἐπὶ ἱδρῶτι φρίκη, οὐ χρηστόν.

[¶78] 7.5. Dysentery, or dropsy, or ecstacy coming on madness is good.

> Greek: 7.5. 5. ἐπὶ μανίῃ δυσεντερίη, ἢ ὕδρωψ, ἢ ἔκστασις, ἀγαθόν.

[¶79] 7.6. In a very protracted disease, loss of appetite and unmixed discharges from the bowels are bad symptoms.

> Greek: 7.6. 6. ἐν νούσῳ πολυχρονίῃ ἀσιτίη καὶ ἄκρητοι ὑποχωρήσιες, κακόν.

[¶80] 7.7. A rigor and delirium from excessive drinking are bad.

> Greek: 7.7. 7. ἐκ πολυποσίης ῥῖγος καὶ παραφροσύνη, κακόν.

[¶81] 7.8. From the rupture of an internal abscess, prostration of strength, vomiting, and deliquium animi result.

> Greek: 7.8. 8. ἐπὶ φύματος ἔσω ῥήξει ἔκλυσις, ἔμετος, καὶ λειποψυχίη γίνεται.

[¶82] 7.9. Delirium or convulsion from a flow of blood is bad.

> Greek: 7.9. 9. ἐπὶ αἵματος ῥύσει παραφροσύνη ἢ σπασμὸς, κακόν.

[¶83] 7.10. Vomiting, or hiccup, or convulsion, or delirium, in ileus, is bad.

> Greek: 7.10. 10. ἐπὶ εἰλεῷ ἔμετος, ἢ λὺγξ, ἢ σπασμὸς, ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν 11.

[¶84] 7.11. Pneumonia coming on pleurisy is bad.

> Greek: 7.11. ἐπὶ πλευρίτιδι περιπλευμονίη, κακόν.

[¶85] 7.12. Phrenitis along with pneumonia is bad.

> Greek: 7.12. 12. ἐπὶ περιπλευμονίῃ φρενῖτις, κακόν.

[¶86] 7.13. Convulsion or tetanus, coming upon severe burning, is bad.

> Greek: 7.13. 13. ἐπὶ καύμασιν ἰσχυροῖσι σπασμὸς ἢ τέτανος, κακόν.

[¶87] 7.14. Stupor or delirium from a blow on the head is bad.

> Greek: 7.14. 14. ἐπὶ πληγῇ ἐς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἔκπληξις ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν.

[¶88] 7.15. From a spitting of blood there is a spitting of pus.

> Greek: 7.15. 15. ἐπὶ αἵματος πτύσει, πύου πτύσις.

[¶89] 7.16. From spitting of pus arise phthisis and a flux; and when the sputa are stopped, they die.

> Greek: 7.16. 16. ἐπὶ πύου πτύσει, φθίσις καὶ ῥύσις· ἐπὴν δὲ τὸ σίελον ἴσχηται, ἀποθνήσκουσιν.

[¶90] 7.17. Hiccup in inflammation of the liver bad.

> Greek: 7.17. 17. ἐπὶ φλεγμονῇ τοῦ ἥπατος λὺγξ, κακόν.

[¶91] 7.18. 

> Greek: 7.18. 18.

[¶92] Convulsion or delirium supervening upon insomnolency is bad.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ἀγρυπνίῃ σπασμὸς ἢ παραφροσύνη, κακόν.
18b.

[¶93] Trembling upon lethargus is bad.

> Greek: Ἐπὶ ληθάργῳ τρόμος, κακόν.
19.

[¶94] Erysipelas upon exposure of a bone (is bad?).

> Greek: ἐπὶ ὀστέου ψιλώσει, ἐρυσίπελας.
20.

[¶95] Mortification or suppuration upon erysipelas is bad.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ἐρυσιπέλατι σηπεδὼν ἢ ἐκπύησις.
21.

[¶96] Hemorrhage upon a strong pulsation in wounds is bad.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ἰσχυρῷ σφυγμῷ ἐν τοῖσιν ἕλκεσιν, αἱμοῤῥαγίη.
22.

[¶97] Suppuration upon a protracted pain of the parts about the bowels is bad.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ὀδύνῃ πολυχρονίῳ τῶν περὶ τὴν κοιλίην, ἐκπύησις.
23.

[¶98] Dysentery upon unmixed alvine discharges is bad.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ἀκρήτῳ ὑποχωρήσει, δυσεντερίη.
24.
ἐπὶ ὀστέου διακοπῇ, παραφροσύνη, ἢν κενεὸν λάβῃ
25.

[¶99] Delirium upon division of the cranium, if it penetrate into the cavity of the head, is bad.

> Greek: ἐκ φαρμακοποσίης σπασμὸς, θανατῶδες.
26.

[¶100] Convulsion upon severe purging is mortal.

> Greek: ἐπὶ ὀδύνῃ ἰσχυρῇ τῶν περὶ τὴν κοιλίην, ἀκρωτηρίων ψύξις, κακόν.
27.

[¶101] Upon severe pain of the parts about the bowels, coldness of the extremities coming on is bad.

> Greek: ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ τεινεσμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος ἐκτρῶσαι ποιέει.
28.

[¶102] Tenesmus coming on in a case of pregnancy causes abortion. Whatever piece of bone, cartilage, or nerve (tendon?)

> Greek: ὅ τι ἂν ὀστέον, ἢ χόνδρος, ἢ νεῦρον ἀποκοπῇ ἐν τῷ σώματι, οὔτε αὔξεται, οὔτε συμφύεται.
29.

[¶103] is cut off, it neither grows nor unites. When strong diarrhoea supervenes in a case of leucophlegmatia, it removes the disease.

> Greek: ἢν ὑπὸ λευκοῦ φλέγματος ἐχομένῳ διάῤῥοια ἐπιγένηται ἰσχυρὴ, λύει τὴν νοῦσον.
30.

[¶104] In those cases in which frothy discharges occur in diarrhoea there are defluxions from the head.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἀφρώδεα τὰ διαχωρήματα ἐν τῇσι διαῤῥοίῃσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ταῦτα ἀποκαταῤῥέει.
31.

[¶105] When there is a farinaceous sediment in the urine during fever, it indicates a protracted illness.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι πυρέσσουσιν ἐν τοῖσιν οὔροισι κριμνώδεες αἱ ὑποστάσιες γίνονται, μακρὴν τὴν ἀῤῥωστίην σημαίνουσιν.
32.

[¶106] In those cases in which the urine is thin at first, and the sediments become bilious, an acute disease is indicated.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δὲ χολώδεες αἱ ὑποστάσιες, ἄνωθεν δὲ λεπταὶ, ὀξείην τὴν ἀῤῥωστίην σημαίνουσιν.
33.

[¶107] In those cases in which the urine becomes divided there is great disorder in the body.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δὲ διεστηκότα τὰ οὖρα γίνεται, τουτέοισι ταραχὴ ἰσχυρὴ ἐν τῷ σώματί ἐστιν.
34.

[¶108] When bubbles settle on the surface of the urine, they indicate disease of the kidneys, and that the complaint will be protracted.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖσιν οὔροισιν ἐφίστανται πομφόλυγες, νεφριτικὰ σημαίνουσι, καὶ μακρὴν τὴν ἀῤῥωστίην ἔσεσθαι.
35.

[¶109] When the scum on the surface is fatty and copious, it indicates acute diseases of the kidneys.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δὲ λιπαρὴ ἡ ἐπίστασις καὶ ἀθρόη, τουτέοισι νεφριτικὰ καὶ ὀξέα σημαίνει.
36.

[¶110] Whenever the aforementioned symptoms occur in nephritic diseases, and along with them acute pains about the muscles of the back, provided these be seated about the external parts, you may expect that there will be an abscess; but if the pains be rather about the internal parts, you may also rather expect that the abscess will be seated internally.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δὲ νεφριτικοῖσιν ἐοῦσι τὰ προειρημένα συμβαίνει σημήϊα, πόνοι τε ὀξέες περὶ τοὺς μύας τοὺς ῥαχιαίους γίνονται, ἢν μὲν περὶ τοὺς ἔξω τόπους γίνωνται, ἀπόστημα προσδέχου ἐσόμενον ἔξω· ἢν δὲ μᾶλλον οἱ πόνοι πρὸς τοὺς ἔσω τόπους γίνωνται, καὶ τὸ ἀπόστημα προσδέχου ἐσόμενον μᾶλλον ἔσω.
37.

[¶111] Haematemesis, without fever, does not prove fatal, but with fever it is bad; it is to be treated with refrigerant and styptic things. Defluxions into the cavity of the chest suppurate in twenty days.

> Greek: ὁκόσοι αἷμα ἐμέουσιν, ἢν μὲν ἄνευ πυρετοῦ, σωτήριον· ἢν δὲ ξὺν πυρετῷ, κακόν· θεραπεύειν δὲ τοῖσι ψυκτικοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι στυπτικοῖσιν.
38.

[¶112] When a patient passes blood and clots, and is seized with strangury and pain in the perineum and pubes, disease about the bladder is indicated.

> Greek: κατάῤῥοοι οἱ ἐς τὴν ἄνω κοιλίην ἐκπυέονται ἐν ἡμέρησιν εἴκοσιν.
39.

[¶113] If the tongue suddenly lose its powers, or a part of the body become apoplectic, the affection is of a melancholic nature.

> Greek: ἢν οὐρέῃ αἷμα καὶ θρόμβους, καὶ στραγγουρίη ἔχῃ, καὶ ὀδύνη ἐμπίπτῃ ἐς τὸν περίνεον καὶ τὸν κτένα, τὰ περὶ τὴν κύστιν νοσέειν σημαίνει.
40.

[¶114] In hypercatharsis, of old persons, hiccup supervening is not a good symptom.

> Greek: ἢν ἡ γλῶσσα ἐξαίφνης ἀκρατὴς γένηται, ἢ ἀπόπληκτόν τι τοῦ σώματος, μελαγχολικὸν τὸ τοιοῦτο γίνεται.
41.

[¶115] In a fever, is not of a bilious nature, a copious allusion of hot water upon the head removes the fever.

> Greek: ἢν, ὑπερκαθαιρομένων τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, λὺγξ ἐπιγένηται, οὐκ ἀγαθόν
42.

[¶116] A woman does not become ambidexterous. When empyema is treated either by the cautery or incision, if pure and white pus flow from the wound, the patients recover;

> Greek: ἢν πυρετὸς μὴ ἀπὸ χολῆς ἔχῃ, ὕδατος πολλοῦ καὶ θερμοῦ καταχεομένου κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς, λύσις τοῦ πυρετοῦ γίνεται.
43.
γυνὴ ἀμφιδέξιος οὐ γίνεται.
44.

[¶117] but if mixed with blood, slimy and fetid, they die. When abscess of the liver is treated by the cautery or incision, if the pus which is discharged be pure and white, the patients recover, (for in this case it is situated in the coats of the liver;)

> Greek: ὁκόσοι ἔμπυοι καίονται ἢ τέμνονται, ἢν μὲν τὸ πῦον καθαρὸν ῥυῇ καὶ λευκὸν, περιγίνονται· ἢν δὲ ὕφαιμον καὶ βορβορῶδες καὶ δυσῶδες, ἀπόλλυνται
45.

[¶118] but if it resemble the lees of oil as it flows, they die. Pains of the eyes are removed by drinking undiluted wine, plenteous bathing with hot water, and venesection.

> Greek: ὁκόσοι τὸ ἧπαρ διάπυον καίονται ἢ τέμνονται, ἢν μὲν τὸ πῦον καθαρὸν ῥυῇ καὶ λευκὸν, περιγίγνονται (ἐν χιτῶνι γὰρ τὸ πῦον τουτέοισίν ἐστιν)· ἢν δὲ οἷον ἀμόργη ῥυῇ, ἀπόλλυνται.
46.

[¶119] If a dropsical patient be seized with hiccup the case is hopeless.

> Greek: ὀδύνας ὀφθαλμῶν, ἄκρητον ποτίσας καὶ λούσας πολλῷ θερμῷ, φλεβοτόμει.
47.
Ὑδρωπιῶντα ἢν βὴξ ἔχῃ, ἀνέλπιστός ἐστιν.
48.

[¶120] Strangury and dysuria are cured by drinking pure wine, and venesection; open the vein on the inside.

> Greek: στραγγουρίην καὶ δυσουρίην θώρηξις καὶ φλεβοτομίη λύει· τάμνειν δὲ τὰς ἔσω.
49.

[¶121] It is a good sign when swelling and redness on the breast seize a person very ill of quinsy, for in this case the disease is diverted outwardly.

> Greek: ὑπὸ κυνάγχης ἐχομένῳ οἴδημα καὶ ἐρύθημα ἐν τῷ στήθει ἐπιγενόμενον, ἀγαθόν· ἔξω γὰρ τρέπεται τὸ νούσημα.
50.

[¶122] When the brain is attacked with sphacelus, the patients die in three days; or if they escape these, they recover.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν σφακελισθῇ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος, ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέρῃσιν ἀπόλλυνται· ἢν δὲ ταύτας διαφύγωσιν, ὑγιέες γίνονται.
51.

[¶123] Sneezing arises from the head, owing to the brain being heated, or the cavity (ventricle) in the head being filled with humors; the air confined in it then is discharged, and makes a noise, because it comes through a narrow passage.

> Greek: πταρμὸς γίνεται ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς, διαθερμαινομένου τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου, ἢ διυγραινομένου τοῦ ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ κενεοῦ· ὑπερχέεται οὖν ὁ ἀὴρ ὁ ἐνεὼν, ψοφέει δὲ, ὅτι διὰ στενοῦ ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ ἐστιν
52.

[¶124] Fever supervening on painful affections of the liver removes the pain.

> Greek: ὁκόσοι ἧπαρ περιωδυνέουσι, τουτέοισι πυρετὸς ἐπιγενόμενος λύει τὴν ὀδύνην.
53.

[¶125] Those persons to whom it is beneficial to have blood taken from their veins, should have it done in spring.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι ξυμφέρει αἷμα ἀφαιρέεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν φλεβῶν, τουτέοισι ξυμφέρει ἦρος φλεβοτομέεσθαι.
54.

[¶126] In those cases where phlegm is collected between the diaphragm and the stomach, and occasions pain, as not finding a passage into either of the cavities, the disease will be carried off if the phlegm be diverted to the bladder by the veins.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι μεταξὺ τῶν φρενῶν καὶ τῆς γαστρὸς φλέγμα ἀποκλείεται, καὶ ὀδύνην παρέχει, οὐκ ἔχον διέξοδον ἐς οὐδετέρην τῶν κοιλιῶν, τουτέοισι, κατὰ τὰς φλέβας ἐς τὴν κύστιν τραπέντος τοῦ φλέγματος, λύσις γίνεται τῆς νούσου.
55.

[¶127] When the liver is filled with water and bursts into the epiploon, in this case the belly is filled with water and the patient dies. Anxiety, yawning, rigor,-wine drunk with an equal proportion of water, removes these complaints.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι δʼ ἂν τὸ ἧπαρ ὕδατος πλησθὲν ἐς τὸ ἐπίπλοον ῥαγῇ, τουτέοισιν ἡ κοιλίη ὕδατος ἐμπίπλαται, καὶ ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
56.
Ἀλύκη, χάσμη, φρίκη, οἶνος ἴσος ἴσῳ πινόμενος λύει.
57.

[¶128] When tubercles (phymata) form in the urethra, if they suppurate and burst, the pain is carried off.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇ οὐρήθρῃ φύματα γίνεται, τουτέοισι, διαπυήσαντος καὶ ἐκραγέντος, λύεται ὁ πόνος
58.

[¶129] In cases of concussion of the brain produced by any cause, the patients necessarily lose their speech.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν ὁ ἐγκέφαλος σεισθῇ ὑπό τινος προφάσιος, ἀνάγκη ἀφώνους γίνεσθαι παραχρῆμα.
60.

[¶130] In a person affected with fever, when there is no swelling in the fauces, should suffocation suddenly come on, and the patient not be able to swallow, except with difficulty, it is a mortal symptom.

> Greek: Τοὶσι σώμασι τοῖσιν ὑγρὰς τὰς σάρκας ἔχουσι δεῖ λιμὸν ἐμποιέειν· λιμὸς γὰρ ξηραίνει τὰ σώματα.
59.

[¶131] In the case of a person oppressed by fever, if the neck be turned aside, and the patient cannot swallow, while there is no swelling in the neck, it is a mortal sign.

> Greek: ἢν ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῇ φάρυγγι, πνὶξ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιγένηται, καὶ καταπίνειν μὴ δύνηται, ἀλλʼ ἢ μόλις, θανάσιμον.
59 bis.

[¶132] Fasting should be prescribed the those persons who have humid flesh; for fasting dries bodies.

> Greek: Ἢνὑπὸ πυρετοῦ ἐχομένῳ ὁ τράχηλος ἐπιστραφῇ, καὶ καταπίνειν μὴ δύνηται, οἰδήματος μὴ ἐόντος ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ, θανάσιμον.
61.

[¶133] When there are changes in the whole body, and the body becomes sometimes cold and sometimes hot, and the color changes, a protracted disease is indicated.

> Greek: ὅκου ἂν ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι μεταβολαὶ, καὶ τὸ σῶμα καταψύχηται, καὶ πάλιν θερμαίνηται, ἢ χρῶμα ἕτερον ἐξ ἑτέρου μεταβάλλῃ, μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει.
62.

[¶134] A copious sweat, hot or cold, constantly flowing, indicates a superabundance of humidity; we must evacuate then, in a strong person upward, and in a weak, downward.

> Greek: ἱδρὼς πουλὺς, θερμὸς ἢ ψυχρὸς, ῥέων αἰεὶ, σημαίνει ἔχειν πλησμονὴν ὑγροῦ· ἀπάγειν οὖν χρὴ τῷ μὲν ἰσχυρῷ ἄνωθεν, τῷ δὲ ἀσθενεῖ κάτωθεν.
63.

[¶135] Fevers, not of the intermittent type, if they become exacerbated every third day are dangerous; but if they intermit in any form whatever, this shows that they are not dangerous.

> Greek: οἱ πυρετοὶ οἱ μὴ διαλείποντες, ἢν ἰσχυρότεροι διὰ τρίτης γίνωνται, ἐπικίνδυνοι· ὅτῳ δʼ ἂν τρόπῳ διαλείπωσι, σημαίνει ὅτι ἀκίνδυνοι.
64.

[¶136] In cases of protracted fever, either chronic abscesses or pains in the joints come on.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι πυρετοὶ μακροὶ, τουτέοισιν ἢ φύματα, ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐγγίνονται.
65.

[¶137] When chronic abscesses (phymata) or pains in the joints take place after fevers, the patients are using too much food.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισι φύματα ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι ἐκ πυρετῶν γίνονται, οὗτοι σιτίοισι πλείοσι χρέονται.
66.

[¶138] If one give to a person in fever the same food which is given to a person in good health, what is strength to the one is disease to the other.

> Greek: ἤν τις πυρέσσοντι τροφὴν διδῷ, ἣν ὑγιεῖ, τῷ μὲν ὑγιαίνοντι ἰσχὺς, τῷ δὲ κάμνοντι νοῦσος.
67.

[¶139] We must look to the urinary evacuations, whether they resemble those of persons in health; if not at all so, they are particularly morbid, but if they are like those of healthy persons, they are not at all morbid.

> Greek: τὰ διὰ τῆς κύστιος διαχωρέοντα ὁρῇν δεῖ, εἰ οἷα τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν ὑποχωρέεται· τὰ ἥκιστα οὖν ὅμοια τουτέοισι, ταῦτα νοσωδέστερα, τὰ δʼ ὅμοια τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσιν, ἥκιστα νοσερά.
68.

[¶140] When the dejections are allowed to stand and not shaken, and a sediment is formed like scrapings (of the bowels), in such a case it is proper to purge the bowels;

> Greek: καὶ οἷσι τὰ ὑποχωρήματα, ἢν ἐάσῃς στῆναι καὶ μὴ κινήσῃς, ὑφίσταται οἱονεὶ ξύσματα, τουτέοισι ξυμφέρει ὑποκαθῆραι τὴν κοιλίην· ἢν δὲ μὴ καθαρὴν ποιήσας διδῷς τὰ ῥοφήματα, ὁκόσῳ ἂν κλείω διδῷς, μᾶλλον βλάψεις.
69.

[¶141] and if you give ptisans before purging, the more you give the more harm you will do. Crude dejections are the product of black bile;

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἂν κάτω ὠμὰ διαχωρέῃ, ἀπὸ χολῆς μελαίνης ἐστὶν, ἢν πλείονα, πλείονος, ἢν ἐλάσσονα, ἐλάσσονος.
70.

[¶142] if abundant, of more copious, and if deficient, of less copious collections of it. The sputa in fevers, not of an intermittent type, which are livid, streaked with blood, and fetid, are all bad, it is favorable when this evacuation, like the urinary and alvine, passes freely;

> Greek: αἱ ἀποχρέμψιες αἱ ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι, πελιδναὶ καὶ αἱματώδεες καὶ δυσώδεες, πᾶσαι κακαί· ἀποχωρέουσαι δὲ καλῶς, ἀγαθαὶ, καὶ κατὰ κοιλίην καὶ κύστιν· καὶ ὅκου ἄν τι ἀποχωρέον στῇ μὴ κεκαθαρμένῳ, κακόν.
71.

[¶143] and whenever any discharge is suppressed and not purged off it is bad. When you wish to purge the body, you must bring it into a state favorable to evacuations; and if you wish to dispose it to evacuations upward, you must bind the belly;

> Greek: τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρεσθαι, εὔροα ποιέειν· κἢν μὲν ἄνω βούλῃ εὔροα ποιέειν, στῆσαι τὴν κοιλίην· ἢν δὲ κάτω εὔροα ποιέειν, ὑγρῆναι τὴν κοιλίην.
72.

[¶144] and if you wish to dispose it to evacuations downward, you must moisten the belly.

> Greek: ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα μᾶλλον τοῦ μετρίου γινόμενα, νοῦσος.
73.

[¶145] Sleep and watchfulness, both of them, when immoderate, constitute disease.

> Greek: ἐν τοῖσι μὴ διαλείπουσι πυρετοῖσιν, ἢν τὰ μὲν ἔξω ψυχρὰ ᾖ, τὰ δὲ ἔσω καίηται, καὶ πυρετὸς ἔχῃ, θανάσιμον.
74.

[¶146] In fevers which do not intermit, if the external parts be cold, and the internal burning hot, and fever prevail, it is a mortal sign.

> Greek: ἐν μὴ διαλείποντι πυρετῷ, ἢν χεῖλος, ἢ ῥὶς, ἢ ὀφθαλμὸς διαστραφῇ, ἢν μὴ βλέπῃ, ἢν μὴ ἀκούῃ, ἤδη ἀσθενὴς ἐὼν, ὅ τι ἂν ᾖ τουτέων τῶν σημείων, θανάσιμον.
75.

[¶147] In a fever which does not intermit, if a lip, the nose, or an eye be distorted, if the patient lose his sense of sight or of hearing, while now in a weak state,-whatever of these symptoms occurs it is mortal.

> Greek: ἐπὶ λευκῷ φλέγματι ὕδρωψ ἐπιγίνεται.
76.
ἐπὶ διαῤῥοίῃ δυσεντερίη.
77.
ἐπὶ δυσεντερίῃ λειεντερίη.
78.
ἐπὶ σφακέλῳ ἀπόστασις ὀστέου.
79 et 80.

[¶148] Upon leucophlegmatia dropsy supervenes. Upon diarrhoea dysentery. Upon dysentery lientery. Upon sphacelus exfoliation of the bone. Upon vomiting of blood consumption, and a purging of pus upward;

> Greek: ἐπὶ αἵματος ἐμέτῳ φθορὴ, καὶ πύου κάθαρσις ἄνω· ἐπὶ φθορῇ ῥεῦμα ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς· ἐπὶ ῥεύματι διάῤῥοια· ἐπὶ διαῤῥοίῃ σχέσις τῆς ἄνω καθάρσιος· ἐπὶ τῇ σχέσει θάνατος.
81.

[¶149] upon consumption a defluxion from the head; upon a defluxion diarrhoea; upon diarrhoea a stoppage of the purging upward; upon the stoppage of it death. In the discharges by the bladder, the belly, and the flesh (the skin?) if the body has departed slightly from its natural condition, the disease is slight;

> Greek: ὁκοῖα καὶ ἐν τοῖσι κατὰ τὴν κύστιν, καὶ τοῖσι κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην ὑποχωρήμασι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι κατὰ τὰς σάρκας, καὶ ἤν που ἄλλῃ τῆς φύσιος ἐκβαίνῃ τὸ σῶμα, ἢν ὀλίγον, ὀλίγη ἡ νοῦσοξ γίνεται, ἢν πουλὺ, πολλὴ, ἢν πάνυ πουλὺ, θανάσιμον τὸ τοιοῦτον.
82.

[¶150] if much, it is great; if very much, it is mortal. Persons above forty years of age who are affected with frenzy, do not readily recover; the danger is less when the disease is cognate to the constitution and age.

> Greek: ὁκόσοι ὑπὲρ τὰ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτεα φρενιτικοὶ γίνονται, οὐ πάνυ τι ὑγιάζονται· ἧσσον γὰρ κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη τῆς φύσιος καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης ἡ νοῦσος ᾖ.
83.

[¶151] In whatever diseases the eyes weep voluntarily, it is a good symptom, but when involuntarily, it is a bad.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τῇσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κατὰ προαίρεσιν δακρύουσιν, ἀγαθόν· ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἄνευ προαιρέσιος, κακόν.
84.

[¶152] When in quartan fevers blood flows from the nostrils it is a bad symptom.

> Greek: Ὁκόσοισιν ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι τεταρταίοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἷμα ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν ῥυῇ, πονηρόν.
85.

[¶153] Sweats are dangerous when they do not occur on critical days, when they are strong, and quickly forced out of the forehead, either in the form of drops or in streams, and if excessively cold and copious; for such a sweat must proceed from violence, excess of pain, and prolonged squeezing (affliction?). In a chronic disease an excessive flux from the bowels is bad.

> Greek: ἱδρῶτες ἐπικίνδυνοι ἐν τῇσι κρισίμοισιν ἡμέρῃσι μὴ γινόμενοι, σφοδροί τε καὶ ταχέως ὠθούμενοι ἐκ τοῦ μετώπου, ὥσπερ σταλαγμοὶ καὶ κρουνοὶ, καὶ ψυχροὶ σφόδρα καὶ πολλοί· ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὸν τοιοῦτον ἱδρῶτα πορεύεσθαι μετὰ βίης, καὶ πόνου ὑπερβολῆς, καὶ ἐκθλίψιος πολυχρονίου.
86.

[¶154] Those diseases which medicines do not cure, iron (the knife?)

> Greek: ἐπὶ χρονίῳ νουσήματι κοιλίης καταφορὴ, κακόν.
87.

[¶155] cures; those which iron cannot cure, fire cures; and those which fire cannot cure, are to be reckoned wholly incurable.

> Greek: ὁκόσα φάρμακα οὐκ ἰῆται, σίδηρος ἰῆται· ὅσα σίδηρος οὐκ ἰῆται, πῦρ ἰῆται· ὅσα δὲ πῦρ οὐκ ἰῆται, ταῦτα χρὴ νομίζειν ἀνίατα.