Life is short, and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience perilous, and decision difficult. The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate.
ΑΦΟΡΙΣΜΟΙ.ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ. 1. ὁ βίος βραχὺς, ἡ δὲ τέχνη μακρὴ, ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὀξὺς, ἡ δὲ πεῖρα σφαλερὴ, ἡ δὲ κρίσις χαλεπή. δεῖ δὲ οὐ μόνον ἑωυτὸν παρέχειν τὰ δέοντα ποιεῦντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν νοσέοντα, καὶ τοὺς παρεόντας, καὶ τὰ ἔξωθεν.
1.2. In disorders of the bowels and vomitings, occurring spontaneously, if the matters purged be such as ought to be purged, they do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. And so artificial evacuations, if they consist of such matters as should be evacuated, do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. One, then, ought to look to the country, the season, the age, and the diseases in which they are proper or not.
1.2. 2. ἐν τῇσι τα ραχῇσι τῆς κοιλίης, καὶ ἐμέτοισι, τοῖσιν αὐτομάτως γιγνομένοισιν, ἢν μὲν, οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· ἢν δὲ μὴ, τοὐναντίον. οὕτω δὲ καὶ κενεαγγείη, ἢν μὲν, οἷα δεῖ γίγνεσθαι, γίγνηται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· ἢν δὲ μὴ, τοὐναντίον. ἐπιβλέπειν οὖν δεῖ καὶ χώρην, καὶ ὥρην, καὶ ἡλικίην, καὶ νούσους, ἐν ᾗσι δεῖ, ἢ οὔ.
1.3. In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, is dangerous, for they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary; and since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor improve, it only remains for them to get worse; for these reasons the embonpoint should be reduced without delay, that the body may again have a commencement of reparation. Neither should the evacuations, in their case, be carried to an extreme, for this also is dangerous, but only to such a point as the person’s constitution can endure. In like manner, medicinal evacuations, if carried to an extreme, are dangerous; and again, a restorative course, if in the extreme, is dangerous.
1.3. 3. ἐν τοῖσι γυμναστικοῖσιν αἱ ἐπʼ ἄκρον εὐεξίαι σφαλεραὶ, ἢν ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἔωσιν· οὐ γὰρ δύνανται μένειν ἐν τῷ αὐτέῳ, οὐδὲ ἀτρεμέειν· ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἀτρεμέουσιν, οὐδʼ ἔτι δυνάνται ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον ἐπιδιδόναι, λείπεται ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον· τουτέων οὖν εἵνεκεν τὴν εὐεξίην λύειν ξυμφέρει μὴ βραδέως, ἵνα πάλιν ἀρχὴν ἀναθρέψιος λαμβάνῃ τὸ σῶμα· μηδὲ τὰς ξυμπτώσιας ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἄγειν, σφαλερὸν γὰρ, ἀλλʼ ὁκοίη ἂν ἡ φύσις ᾖ τοῦ μέλλοντος ὑπομένειν, ἐς τοῦτο ἄγειν. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ αἱ κενώσιες αἱ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἄγουσαι, σφαλεραί· καὶ πάλιν αἱ ἀναθρέψιες, αἱ ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐοῦσαι, σφαλεραί.
1.4. A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic diseases, and also in acute diseases, where it is not requisite. And again, a diet brought to the extreme point of attenuation is dangerous; and repletion, when in the extreme, is also dangerous.
1.4. 4. αἱ λεπταὶ καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι μακροῖσιν αἰεὶ πάθεσι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσιν, οὗ μὴ ἐπιδέχεται, σφαλεραί. καὶ πάλιν αἱ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον λεπτότητος ἀφιγμέναι δίαιται, χαλεπαί· καὶ γὰρ αἱ πληρώσιες αἱ ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐοῦσαι, χαλεπαί.
1.5. In a restricted diet, patients who transgress are thereby more hurt (than in any other?); for every such transgression, whatever it may be, is followed by greater consequences than in a diet somewhat more generous. On this account, a very slender, regulated, and restricted diet is dangerous to persons in health, because they bear transgressions of it more difficultly. For this reason, a slender and restricted diet is generally more dangerous than one a little more liberal.
1.5. 5. ἐν τῇσι λεπτῇσι διαίτῃσιν ἁμαρτάνουσιν οἱ νοσέοντες, διὸ μᾶλλον βλάπτονται· πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἂν γίνηται, μέγα γίνεται μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐν τῇσιν ὀλίγον ἁδροτέρῃσι διαίτῃσιν· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τοῖσιν ὁγιαίνουσι σφαλεραὶ αἱ πάνυ λεπταὶ καὶ καθεστηκυῖαι καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, ὅτι τὰ ἁμαρτανόμενα χαλεπώτερον φέρουσιν. διὰ τοῦτο οὖν αἱ λεπταὶ καὶ ἀκριβέες δίαιται, σφαλεραὶ ἐς τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν σμικρῷ ἁδροτέρων.
1.6. For extreme diseases, extreme methods of cure, as to restriction, are most suitable.
1.6. 6. ἐς δὲ τὰ ἔσχατα νουσήματα αἱ ἔσχαται θεραπεῖαι ἐς ἀκριβείην, κράτισται.
1.7. When the disease is very acute, it is attended with extremely severe symptoms in its first stage; and therefore an extremely attenuating diet must be used. When this is not the case, but it is allowable to give a more generous diet, we may depart as far from the severity of regimen as the disease, by its mildness, is removed from the extreme.
1.7. 7. ὅκου μὲν κάτοξυ τὸ νούσημα, αὐτίκα καὶ τοὺς ἐσχάτους πόνους ἔχει, καὶ τῇ ἐσχάτως λεπτοτάτῃ διαίτῃ ἀναγκαῖον χρέεσθαι· ὅκου δὲ μὴ, ἀλλʼ ἐνδέχεται ἁδροτέρως διαιτᾷν, τοσοῦτον ὑποκαταβαίνειν, ὁκόσον ἂν ἡ νοῦσος μαλθακωτέρη τῶν ἐσχάτων ἔῃ.
1.8. When the disease is at its height, it will then be necessary to use the most slender diet.
1.8. 8. ὁκόταν δὲ ἀκμάζῃ τὸ νούσημα, τότε λεπτοτάτῃ διαίτῃ ἀναγκαῖον χρέεσθαι.
1.9. We must form a particular judgment of the patient, whether he will support the diet until the acme of the disease, and whether he will sink previously and not support the diet, or the disease will give way previously, and become less acute.
1.9. 9. ξυντεκμαίρεσθαι δὲ χρὴ καὶ τὸν νοσέοντα, εἰ ἐξαρκέσει τῇ διαίτῃ πρὸς τὴν ἀκμὴν τῆς νούσου, καὶ πότερον ἐκεῖνος ἀπαυδήσει πρότερον, καὶ οὐκ ἐξαρκέσει τῇ διαίτῃ, ἢ ἡ νοῦσος πρότερον ἀπαυδήσει καὶ ἀμβλυνεῖται.
1.10. In those cases, then, which attain their acme speedily, a restricted diet should be enjoined at first; but in those cases which reach their acme later, we must retrench at that period or a little before it; but previously we must allow a more generous diet to support the patient.
1.10. 10. Ὁκόσοισι μὲν οὖν αὐτίκα ἡ ἀκμὴ, αὐτίκα λεπτῶς διαιτῇν· ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἐς ὕστερον ἡ ἀκμὴ, ἐς ἐκεῖνο, καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνου σμικρὸν, ἀφαιρετέον· ἔμπροσθεν δὲ, πιοτέρως διαιτῇν, ὡς ἂν ἐξαρκέσῃ ὁ νοσέων.
1.11. We must retrench during paroxysms, for to exhibit food would be injurious. And in all diseases having periodical paroxysms, we must restrict during the paroxysms.
1.11. 11. ἐν δὲ τοῖσι παροξυσμοῖσιν ὑποστέλλεσθαι χρή· τὸ προστιθέναι γὰρ βλάβη· καὶ ὁκόσα κατὰ περιόδους παροξύνεται, ἐν τοῖσι παροξυσμοῖσιν ὑποστέλλεσθαι χρή.
1.12. The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the diseases, the seasons of the year, the reciprocation of the periods, whether they occur every day, every alternate day, or after a longer period, and by the supervening symptoms; as, for example, in pleuritic cases, expectoration, if it occur at the commencement, shortens the attack, but if it appear later, it prolongs the same; and in the same manner the urine, and alvine discharges, and sweats, according as they appear along with favorable or unfavorable symptoms, indicate diseases of a short or long duration.
1.12. 12. τοὺς δὲ παροξυσμοὺς καὶ τὰς καταστάσιας δηλώσουσιν αἱ νοῦσοι, καὶ αἱ ὧραι τοῦ ἔτεος, καὶ αἱ τῶν περιόδων πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἀνταποδόσιες, ἤν τε καθʼ ἡμέρην, ἤν τε παρʼ ἡμέρην, ἤν τε καὶ διὰ πλείονος χρόνου γίγνωνται· ἀτὰρ καὶ τοῖσιν ἐπιφαινομένοισιν, οἷον ἐν πλευριτικοῖσι πτύελον ἢν μὲν αὐτίκα ἐπιφαίνηται, ἀρχομένου, βραχύνει, ἢν δʼ ὕστερον ἐπιφαίνηται, μηκύνει· καὶ οὖρα καὶ ὑποχωρήματα καὶ ἱδρῶτες, καὶ δύσκριτα καὶ εὔκριτα, καὶ βραχέα καὶ μακρὰ τὰ νοσήματα, ἐπιφαινόμενα, δηλοῖ.
1.13. Old persons endure fasting most easily; next, adults; young persons not nearly so well; and most especially infants, and of them such as are of a particularly lively spirit.
1.13. 13. γέροντες εὐφορώτατα νηστείην φέρουσι, δεύτερον, οἱ καθεστηκότες, ἥκιστα, μειράκια, πάντων δὲ μάλιστα, παιδία, τουτέων δὲ αὐτέων ἃ ἂν τύχῃ αὐτὰ ἑωυτέων προθυμότερα ἐόντα.
1.14. Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefore require the most food, for otherwise their bodies are wasted. In old persons the heat is feeble, and therefore they require little fuel, as it were, to the flame, for it would be extinguished by much. On this account, also, fevers in old persons are not equally acute, because their bodies are cold.
1.14. 14. τὰ αὐξανόμενα πλεῖστον ἔχει τὸ ἔμφυτον θερμόν· πλείστης οὖν δεῖται τροφῆς· εἰ δὲ μὴ, τὸ σῶμα ἀναλίσκεται· γέρουσι δὲ ὀλίγον τὸ θερμὸν, διὰ τοῦτο ἄρα ὀλίγων ὑπεκκαυμάτων δέονται· ὑπὸ πολλῶν γὰρ ἀποσβέννυται· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ τοῖσι γέρουσιν οὐχ ὁμοίως ὀξέεες· ψυχρὸν γὰρ τὸ σῶμα.
1.15. In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest, and the sleep most prolonged; at these seasons, then, the most sustenance is to be administered; for as the belly has then most innate heat, it stands in need of most food. The well-known facts with regard to young persons and the athletae prove this.
1.15. 15. αἱ κοιλίαι χειμῶνος καὶ ἦρος θερμόταται φύσει, καὶ ὕπνοι μακρότατοι ἐν ταύτῃσιν οὖν τῇσιν ὥρῃσι, καὶ τὰ προσάρματα πλείω δοτέον· καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἔμφυτον θερμὸν πλεῖστον ἔχει· τροφῆς οὖν πλείονος δεῖται· σημεῖον, αἱ ἡλικίαι καὶ οἱ ἀθληταί.
1.16. A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases, and particularly in children, and others accustomed to live on such a diet.
1.16. 16. αἱ ὑγραὶ δίαιται πᾶσι τοῖσι πυρεταίνουσι ξυμφέρουσι, μάλιστα δὲ παιδίοισι, καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι τοῖσιν οὕτως εἰθισμένοισι διαιτᾶσθαι.
1.17. We must consider, also, in which cases food is to be given once or twice a day, and in greater or smaller quantities, and at intervals. Something must be conceded to habit, to season, to country, and to age.
1.17. 17. καὶ οἷσιν ἅπαξ, ἢ δὶς, καὶ πλείω ἢ ἐλάσσω, καὶ κατὰ μέρος· δοτέον δέ τι καὶ τῷ ἔθει, καὶ τῇ ὥρῃ, καὶ τῇ χώρῃ, καὶ τῇ ἡλικίη.
1.18. Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn, most easily in winter, and next in spring.
1.18. 18. θέρεος καὶ φθινοπώρου σιτία δυσφορώτατα φέρουσι, χειμῶνος ῥήϊστα, ἦρος δεύτερον.
1.19. Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical paroxysms, but abstract from the accustomed allowance before the crisis.
1.19. 19. τοῖσιν ἐν τῇσι περιόδοισι παροξυνομένοισι μηδὲν διδόναι, μηδʼ ἀναγκάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἀφαιρέειν τῶν προσθεσίων πρὸ τῶν κρισίων.
1.20. When things are at the crisis, or when they have just passed it, neither move the bowels, nor make any innovation in the treatment, either as regards purgatives or any other such stimulants, but let things alone.
1.20. 20. τὰ κρινόμενα καὶ τὰ κεκριμένα ἀρτίως, μὴ κινέειν, μηδὲ νεωτεροποιέειν, μήτε φαρμακείῃσι, μήτʼ ἄλλοισιν ἐρεθισμοῖσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐᾷν.
1.21. Those things which require to be evacuated should be evacuated, wherever they most tend, by the proper outlets.
1.21. 21. ἁ δεῖ ἄγειν, ὅκου ἂν μάλιστα ῥέπῃ, ταύτῃ ἄγειν, διὰ τῶν ξυμφερόντων χωρίων 22.
1.22. We must purge and move such humors as are concocted, not such as are unconcocted, unless they are struggling to get out, which is mostly not the case.
1.22. πέπονα φαρμακεύειν καὶ κινέειν, μὴ ὠμὰ, μηδὲ ἐν ἀρχῇσιν, ἢν μὴ ὀργᾷ· τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα οὐκ ὀργᾷ.
1.23. The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity, but whether they be such as they should be, and how they are borne. And when proper to carry the evacuation to deliquium animi, this also should be done, provided the patient can support it.
1.23. 23. τὰ χωρέοντα μὴ τῷ πλήθει τεκμαίρεσθαι, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἂν χωρέῃ οἷα δεῖ, καὶ φέρῃ εὐφόρως· καὶ ὁκου δεῖ μέχρι λειποθυμίης ἄγειν, καὶ τοῦτο ποιέειν, ἢν ἐξαρκέῃ ὁ νοσέων.
1.24. Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases, and at the commencement, and not without proper circumspection.
1.24. 24. ἐν τοῖσιν ὀξέσι πάθεσιν ὀλιγάκις καὶ ἐν ἀρχῇσι τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι χρέεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο προεξευκρινήσαντα ποιέειν.
1.25. If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, the evacuation is beneficial, and easily borne; but, not withstanding, if otherwise, with difficulty.
1.25. 25. ἢν, οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι, καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε, καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· τὰ δʼ ἐναντία, δυσχερῶς.ΤΜΗΜΑ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ.
2.1. In whatever disease sleep is laborious, it is a deadly symptom; but if sleep does good, it is not deadly.
2.1. 1. ἐν ᾧ νοσήματι ὕπνος πόνον ποιέει, θανάσιμον· ἢν δὲ ὕπνος ὠφελέῃ, οὐ θανάσιμον.
2.2. When sleep puts an end to delirium, it is a good symptom.
2.2. 2. ὅκου παραφροσύνην ὕπνος παύει, ἀγαθόν.
2.3. Both sleep and insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.
2.3. 3. ὕπνος, ἀγρυπνίη, ἀμφότερα τοῦ μετρίου μᾶλλον γενόμενα, κακόν.
2.4. Neither repletion, nor fasting, nor anything else, is good when more than natural.
2.4. 4. οὐ πλησμονὴ, οὐ λιμὸς, οὐδʼ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν, ὅ τι ἂν μᾶλλον τῆς φύσιος ᾖ.
2.5. Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease.
2.5. 5. κόποι αὐτόματοι φράζουσι νούσους.
2.6. Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body, and are in a great measure sensible of the pain, are disordered in intellect.
2.6. 6. ὁκόσοι, πονέοντές τι τοῦ σώματος, τὰ πολλὰ τῶν πόνων οὐκ αἰσθάνονται, τουτέοισιν ἡ γνώμη νοσέεει.
2.7. Those bodies which have been slowly emaciated should be slowly recruited; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be quickly recruited.
2.7. 7. τὰ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ λεπτυνόμενα σώματα νωθρῶς ἐπανατρέφειν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ, ὀλίγως.
2.8. When a person after a disease takes food, but does not improve in strength, it indicates that the body uses more food than is proper; but if this happen when he does not take food, it is to be understood evacuation is required.
2.8. 8. ἢν ἐκ νούσου τροφὴν λαμβάνων τις μὴ ἰσχύῃ, σημαίνει ὅτι πλείονι τροφῇ τὸ σῶμα χρέεται· ἢν δὲ, τροφὴν μὴ λαμβάνοντος, τοῦτο γίγνηται, χρὴ εἰδέναι, ὅτι κενώσιος δεῖται.
2.9. When one wishes to purge, he should put the body into a fluent state.
2.9. 9. τὰ σώματα χρὴ, ὅκου τις βούλεται καθαίρειν, εὔροα ποιέειν.
2.10. Bodies not properly cleansed, the more you nourish the more you injure.
2.10. 10. τὰ μὴ καθαρὰ τῶν σωμάτων, ὁκόσῳ ἂν θρέψῃς μᾶλλον, βλάψεις.
2.11. It is easier to fill up with drink than with food.
2.11. 11. ῥᾷον πληροῦσθαι ποτοῦ, ἢ σιτίου.
2.12. What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce relapses.
2.12. 12. τὰ ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενα ἐν τῇσι νούσοισι μετὰ κρίσιν, ὑποστροφὰς ποιέειν εἴωθεν.
2.13. Persons in whom a crisis takes place pass the night preced-ing the paroxysm uncomfortably, but the succeeding night generally more comfortably.
2.13. 13. Ὁκόσοισι κρίσις γίνεται, τουτέοισιν ἡ νὺξ δύσφορος, ἡ πρὸ τοῦ παροξυσμοῦ, ἡ δὲ ἐπιοῦσα εὐφορωτέρη ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλύ.
2.14. In fluxes of the bowels, a change of the dejections does good, unless the change be of a bad character.
2.14. 14. ἐν τῇσι τῆς κοιλίης ῥύσεσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν διαχωρημάτων ὠφελέουσιν, ἢν μὴ ἐς τὰ πονηρὰ μεταβάλλῃ.
2.15. When the throat is diseased, or tubercles (phymata) form on the body, attention must paid to the secretions; for if they be bilious, the disease affects the general system; but if they resemble those of a healthy person, it is safe to give nourishing food.
2.15. 15. ὅκου φάρυγξ νοσέει, ἢ φύματα ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐκφύεται, τὰς ἐκκρίσιας σκέπτεσθαι· ἢν γὰρ χολώδεες ἔωσι, τὸ σῶμα ξυννοσέει· ἢν δὲ ὅμοιαι τοῖσιν ὑγιαίνουσι γίγνωνται, ἀσφαλὲς τὸ σῶμα τρέφειν.
2.16. When in a state of hunger, one ought not to undertake labor.
2.16. 16. ὅκου λιμὸς, οὐ δεῖ πονέειν.
2.17. When more food than is proper has been taken, it occasions disease; this is shown by the treatment.
2.17. 17. ὅκου ἂν τροφὴ πλείων παρὰ φύσιν ἐσέλθῃ, τοῦτο νοῦσον ποιέει, δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ ἴησις.
2.18. From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediately or shortly, the dejections also are immediate.
2.18. 18. τῶν τρεφόντων ἀθρόως καὶ ταχέως, ταχεῖαι καὶ αἱ διαχωρήσιες γίνονται.
2.19. In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate either death or recovery.
2.19. 19. τῶν ὀξέων νοσημάτων οὐ πάμπαν ἀσφαλέες αἱ προδιαγορεύσιες, οὔτε τοῦ θανάτου, οὔτε τῆς ὑγιείης.
2.20. Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when young have dry when they are old; and those who have dry discharges when they are young will have watery when they are old.
2.20. 20. Ὁκόσοισι νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ὑγραί εἰσι, τουτέοισιν ἀπογηράσκουσι ξηραίνονται· ὁκόσοισι δὲ νέοισιν ἐοῦσιν αἱ κοιλίαι ξηραί εἰσι, τουτέοισι πρεσβυτέροισι γινομένοισιν ὑγραίνονται.
2.21. Drinking strong wine cures hunger.
2.21. 21. λιμὸν θώρηξις λύει.
2.22. Diseases which arise from repletion are cured by depletion; and those that arise from depletion are cured by repletion; and in general, diseases are cured by their contraries.
2.22. 22. ἀπὸ πλησμονῆς ὁκόσα ἂν νοσήματα γένηται, κένωσις ἰῆται, καὶ ὁκόσα ἀπὸ κενώσιος, πλησμονὴ, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἡ ὑπεναντίωσις.
2.23. Acute disease come to a crisis in fourteen days.
2.23. 23. τὰ ὀξέα τῶν νουσημάτων κρίνεται ἐν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμέρῃσιν.
2.24. The fourth day is indicative of the seventh; the eighth is the commencement of the second week; and hence, the eleventh being the fourth of the second week, is also indicative; and again, the seventeenth is indicative, as being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.
2.24. 24. τῶν ἑπτὰ ἡ τετάρτη ἐπίδηλος· ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος ἡ ὀγδόη ἀρχὴ, θεωρητὴ δὲ ἡ ἑνδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη τῆς ἑτέρης ἑβδομάδος· θεωρητὴ δὲ πάλιν ἡ ἑπτακαιδεκάτη, αὕτη γάρ ἐστι τετάρτη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτης, ἑβδόμη δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑνδεκάτης.
2.25. The summer quartans are, for the most part, of short duration; but the autumnal are protracted, especially those occurring near the approach of winter.
2.25. 25. οἱ θερινοὶ τεταρταῖοι τὰ πολλὰ γίνονται βραχέες, οἱ δὲ φθινοπωρινοὶ, μακροὶ, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ πρὸς τὸν χειμῶνα ξυνάπτοντες.
2.26. It is better that a fever succeed to a convulsion, than a convulsion to a fever.
2.26. 26. πυρετὸν ἐπὶ σπασμῷ βέλτιον γενέσθαι, ἢ σπασμὸν ἐπὶ πυρετῷ.
2.27. We should not trust ameliorations in diseases when they are not regular, nor be much afraid of bad symptoms which occur in an irregular form; for such are commonly inconstant, and do not usually continue, nor have any duration.
2.27. 27. τοῖσι μὴ κατὰ λόγον κουφίζουσιν οὐ δεῖ πιστεύειν, οὐδὲ φοβέεσθαι λίην τὰ μοχθηρὰ γινόμενα παραλόγως· τὰ γὰρ πολλὰ τῶν τοιουτέων ἐστὶν ἀβέβαια, καὶ οὐ πάνυ τι διαμένειν, οὐδὲ χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.
2.28. In fevers which are not altogether slight, it is a bad symptom for the body to remain without any diminution of bulk, or to be wasted beyond measure; for the one state indicates a protracted disease, and the other weakness of body.
2.28. 28. τῶν πυρεσσόντων μὴ παντάπασιν ἐπιπολαίως, τὸ διαμένειν, καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, ἢ καὶ συντήκεσθαι μᾶλλον τοῦ κατὰ λόγον, μοχθηρόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ μῆκος νούσου σημαίνει, τὸ δὲ, ἀσθένειαν.
2.29. If it appear that evacuations are required, they should be made at the commencement of diseases; at the acme it is better to be quiet.
2.29. 29. ἀρχομένων τῶν νούσων, ἤν τι δοκέῃ κινέειν, κίνει· ἀκμαζουσῶν δὲ, ἡσυχίην ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστιν.
2.30. Toward the commencement and end of diseases all the symptoms are weaker, and toward the acme they are stronger.
2.30. 30. περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰ τέλη, πάντα ἀσθενέστατα, περὶ δὲ τὰς ἀκμὰς, ἰσχυρότατα.
2.31. When a person who is recovering from a disease has a good appetite, but his body does not improve in condition, it is a bad symptom.
2.31. 31. τῷ ἐξ ἀῤῥωστίης εὐσιτεῦντι, μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόναι τὸ σῶμα, μοχθηρόν.
2.32. For the most part, all persons in ill health, who have a good appetite at the commencement, but do not improve, have a bad appetite again toward the end; whereas, those who have a very bad appetite at the commencement, and afterward acquire a good appetite, get better off.
2.32. 32. ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πάντες οἱ φαύλως ἔχοντες, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν εὐσιτεῦντες, καὶ μηδὲν ἐπιδιδόντες, πρὸς τῷ τέλει πάλιν ἀσιτέουσιν· οἱ δὲ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀσιτεῦντες ἰσχυρῶς, ὕστερον δὲ εὐσιτεῦντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν.
2.33. In every disease it is a good sign when the patient’s intellect is sound, and he is disposed to take whatever food is offered to him; but the contrary is bad.
2.33. 33. ἐν πάσῃ νούσῳ τὸ ἐῤῥῶσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ εὖ ἔχειν πρὸς τὰς προσφορὰς, ἀγαθόν· τὸ δὲ ἐναντίον, κακόν.
2.34. In diseases, there is less danger when the disease is one to which the patient’s constitution, habit, age, and the season are allied, than when it is one to which they are not allied.
2.34. 34. ἐν τῇσι νούσοισιν ἧσσον κινδυνεύουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν οἰκείη τῆς φύσιος, καὶ τῆς ἕξιος, καὶ τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῆς ὥρης ἡ νοῦσος ᾖ μᾶλλον, ἢ οἷσιν ἂν μὴ οἰκείη κατά τι τουτέων ᾖ.
2.35. In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and hypogastric regions preserve their fullness; and it is a bad sign when they are very slender and emaciated; in the latter case it is dangerous to administer purgatives.
2.35. 35. ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσι νούσοισι, τὰ περὶ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν καὶ τὸ ἦτρον πάχος ἔχειν βέλτιόν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ σφόδρα λεπτὸν καὶ ἐκτετηκὸς, μοχθηρόν· ἐπισφαλὲς δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ πρὸς τὰς κάτω καθάρσιας.
2.36. Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking purgative medicines, or using bad food.
2.36. 36. οἱ ὑγιεινῶς ἔχοντες τὰ σώματα, ἐν τῇσι φαρμακείῃσι καθαιρόμενοι ἐκλύονται ταχέως, καὶ οἱ πονηρῇ τροφῇ χρεόμενοι.
2.37. Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health.
2.37. 37. οἱ εὖ τὰ σώματα ἔχοντες, φαρμακεύεσθαι ἐργώδεες.
2.38. An article of food or drink which is slightly worse, but more palatable, is to be preferred to such as are better but less palatable.
2.38. 38. τὸ σμικρῷ χεῖρον καὶ πόμα καὶ σιτίον, ἥδιον δὲ, τῶν βελτιόνων μὲν, ἀηδεστέρων δὲ, μᾶλλον αἱρετέον.
2.39. Old have fewer complaints than young; but those chronic diseases which do befall them generally never leave them.
2.39. 39. οἱ πρεσβῦται τῶν νέων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ νοσέουσιν ἧσσον· ὅσα δʼ ἂν αὐτέοισι χρόνια νοσήματα γένηται, τὰ πολλὰ ξυναποθνήσκει.
2.40. Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted.
2.40. 40. βράγχοι καὶ κόρυζαι τοῖσι σφόδρα πρεσβύτῃσιν οὐ πεπαίνονται.
2.41. Persons who have had frequent and severe attacks of swooning, without any manifest cause, die suddenly.
2.41. 41. οἱ ἐκλυόμενοι πολλάκις καὶ ἰσχυρῶς, ἄνευ φανερῆς προφάσιος, ἐξαπίνης τελευτῶσιν.
2.42. It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy, and not easy to remove a weak attack.
2.42. 42. λύειν ἀποπληξίην ἰσχυρὴν μὲν ἀδύνατον, ἀσθενέα δὲ, οὐ ῥηΐδιον.
2.43. Of persons who have been suspended by the neck, and are in a state of insensibility, but not quite dead, those do not recover who have foam at the mouth.
2.43. 43. τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων, οὐκ ἀναφέρουσιν, οἷσιν ἂν ἀφρὸς ᾖ περὶ τὸ στόμα.
2.44. Persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender.
2.44. 44. οἱ παχέες σφόδρα κατὰ φύσιν, ταχυθάνατοι γίνονται μᾶλλον τῶν ἰσχνῶν.
2.45. Epilepsy in young persons is most frequently removed by changes of air, of country, and of modes of life.
2.45. 45. τῶν ἐπιληπτικῶν τοῖσι νέοισιν ἀπαλλαγὴν αἱ μεταβολαὶ μάλιστα τῆς ἡλικίης, καὶ τῶν χωρίων, καὶ τῶν βίων ποιέουσιν.
2.46. Of two pains occurring together, not in the same part of the body, the stronger weakens the other.
2.46. 46. δύο πόνων ἅμα γινομένων μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροι τὸν ἕτερον.
2.47. Pains and fevers occur rather at the formation of pus than when it is already formed.
2.47. 47. περὶ τὰς γενέσιας τοῦ πύου οἱ πόνοι καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ ξυμβαίνουσι μᾶλλον, ἢ γενομένου.
2.48. In every movement of the body, whenever one begins to endure pain, it will be relieved by rest.
2.48. 48. ἐν πάσῃ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος, ὁκόταν ἄρχηται πονέειν, τὸ διαναπαύειν εὐθὺς, ἄκοπον.
2.49. Those who are accustomed to endure habitual labors, although they be weak or old, bear them better than strong and young persons who have not been so accustomed.
2.49. 49. οἱ εἰθισμένοι τοὺς ξυνήθεας πόνους φέρειν, κἢν ὦσιν ἀσθενέες ἢ γέροντες, τῶν ἀξυνηθέων ἰσχυρῶν τε καὶ νέων ῥᾷον φέρουσιν.
2.50. Those things which one has been accustomed to for a long time, although worse than things which one is not accustomed to, usually give less disturbance; but a change must sometimes be made to things one is not accustomed to.
2.50. 50. τὰ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου ξυνήθεα, κἂν ᾖ χείρω τῶν ἀξυνηθέων, ἧσσον ἐνοχλεῖν εἴωθεν· δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἀξυνήθεα μεταβάλλειν 51.
2.51. To evacuate, fill up, heat, cool, or otherwise, move the body in any way much and suddenly, is dangerous; and whatever is excessive is inimical to nature; but whatever is done by little and little is safe, more especially when a transition is made from one thing to another.
2.51. τὸ κατὰ πολὺ καὶ ἐξαπίνης κενοῦν, ἢ πληροῦν, ἢ θερμαίνειν, ἢ ψύχειν, ἢ ἄλλως ὁκωσοῦν τὸ σῶμα κινέειν, σφαλερὸν, καὶ πᾶν τὸ πολὺ τῇ φύσει πολέμιον· τὸ δὲ κατʼ ὀλίγον, ἀσφαλὲς, καὶ ἄλλως, ἤν τις ἐξ ἑτέρου ἐφʼ ἕτερον μεταβαίνῃ.
2.52. When doing everything according to indications, although things may not turn out agreeably to indication, we should not change to another while the original appearances remain.
2.52. 52. πάντα κατὰ λόγον ποιέοντι, μὴ γινομένων τῶν κατὰ λόγον, μὴ μεταβαίνειν ἐφʼ ἕτερον, μένοντος τοῦ δόξαντος ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
2.53. Those persons who have watery discharges from the bowels when they are young, come off better than those who have dry; but in old age they come off worse, for the bowels in aged persons are usually dried up.
2.53. 53. ὁκόσοι τὰς κοιλίας ὑγρὰς ἔχουσιν, νέοι μὲν ἐόντες, βέλτιον ἀπαλλάσσουσι τῶν ξηρὰς ἐχόντων, ἐς δὲ τὸ γῆρας χεῖρον ἀπαλλάσσουσιν· ξηραίνονται γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πουλὺ ἀπογηράσκουσιν.
2.54. Largeness of person in youth is noble and not unbecoming; but in old age it is inconvenient, and worse than a smaller structure.
2.54. 54. μεγέθει δὲ σώματος, ἐννεάσαι μὲν, ἐλευθέριον καὶ οὐκ ἀηδές· ἐγγηρᾶσαι δὲ, δύσχρηστον καὶ χεῖρον τῶν ἐλασσόνων.ΤΜΗΜΑ ΤΡΙΤΟΝ.
3.1. The changes of the season mostly engender diseases, and in the seasons great changes either of heat or of cold, and the rest agreeably to the same rule.
3.1. 1. αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν ὡρέων μάλιστα τίκτουσι νουσήματα, καὶ ἐν τῇσιν ὥρῃσιν αἱ μεγάλαι μεταλλαγαὶ ἢ ψύξιος ἢ θάλψιος, καὶ τἄλλα κατὰ λόγον οὕτως.
3.2. Of natures (temperaments?), some are well- or ill-adapted for summer, and some for winter.
3.2. 2. τῶν φυσίων αἱ μὲν πρὸς θέρος, αἱ δὲ πρὸς χειμῶνα εὖ ἢ κακῶς πεφύκασιν.
3.3. Of diseases and ages, certain of them are well- or ill-adapted to different seasons, places, and kinds of diet.
3.3. 3. τῶν νούσων ἄλλαι πρὸς ἄλλας εὖ ἢ κακῶς πεφύκασι, καὶ ἡλικίαι τινὲς πρὸς ὥρας, καὶ χώρας, καὶ διαίτας.
3.4. In the seasons, when during the same day there is at one time heat and at another time cold, the diseases of autumn may be expected.
3.4. 4. ἐν τῇσιν ὥρῃσιν, ὅταν τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρης ὁτὲ μὲν θάλπος, ὁτὲ δὲ ψῦχος γένηται, φθινοπωρινὰ τὰ νουσήματα προσδέχεσθαι χρή.
3.5. South winds induce dullness of hearing, dimness of visions, heaviness of the head, torpor, and languor; when these prevail, such symptoms occur in diseases. But if the north wind prevail, coughs, affections of the throat, hardness of the bowels, dysuria attended with rigors, and pains of the sides and breast occur. When this wind prevails, all such symptoms may be expected in diseases.
3.5. 5. Νότοι βαρυήκοοι, ἀχλυώδεες, καρηβαρικοὶ, νωθροι, διαλυτικοί· ὁκόταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιαῦτα ἐν τῇσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσι πάσχουσιν. ἢν δὲ βόρειον ᾖ, βῆχες, φάρυγγες, κοιλίαι σκληραὶ, δυσουρίαι φρικώδεες, ὀδύναι πλευρέων, στηθέων ὁκόταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιαῦτα ἐν τῇσιν ἀῤῥωστίῃσι προσδέχεσθαι χρή.
3.6. When summer is like spring, much sweating may be expected in fevers.
3.6. 6. ὁκόταν θέρος γένηται ἦρι ὅμοιον, ἱδρῶτας ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι πολλοὺς προσδέχεσθαι χρή.
3.7. Acute diseases occur in droughts; and if the summer be particularly such, according to the constitution which it has given to the year, for the most part such diseases maybe expected.
3.7. 7. ἐν τοῖσιν αὐχμοῖσι πυρετοὶ ὀξέες γίνονται· καὶ ἢν μὲν ἐπὶ πλέον ᾖ τὸ ἔτος τοιουτέον ἐὸν, οἵην τὴν κατάστασιν ἐποίησεν, ὡς ἐπιτοπουλὺ καὶ τὰ νουσήματα τοιαῦτα δεῖ προσδέχεσθαι.
3.8. In seasons which are regular, and furnish the productions of the season at the seasonable time, the diseases are regular, and come readily to a crisis; but in inconstant seasons, the diseases are irregular, and come to a crisis with difficulty.
3.8. 8. ἐν τοῖσι καθεστεῶσι καιροῖσι, καὶ ὡραίως τὰ ὡραῖα ἀποδιδοῦσιν, εὐσταθέες καὶ εὐκρινέες αἱ νοῦσοι γίνονται, ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν ἀκαταστάτοισιν ἀκατάστατοι καὶ δύσκριτοι.
3.9. In autumn, diseases are most acute, and most mortal, on the whole. The spring is most healthy, and least mortal.
3.9. 9. ἐν φθινοπώρῳ ὀξύταται αἱ νοῦσοι, καὶ θανατωδέσταται τοὐπίπαν, ἦρ δὲ ὑγιεινότατον, καὶ ἥκιστα θανατῶδες.
3.10. Autumn is a bad season for persons in consumption.
3.10. 10. τὸ φθινόπωρον τοῖσι φθίνουσι κακόν.
3.11. With regard to the seasons, if the winter be of a dry and northerly character, and the spring rainy and southerly, in summer there will necessarily be acute fevers, ophthalmies, and dysenteries, especially in women, and in men of a humid temperament.
3.11. 11. περὶ δὲ τῶν ὡρέων, ἢν μὲν ὁ χειμὼν αὐχμηρὸς καὶ βόρειος γένηται, τὸ δὲ ἔπομβρον καὶ νότιον, ἀνάγκη, τοῦ θέρεος, πυρετοὺς ὀξέας, καὶ ὀφθαλμίας, καὶ δυσεντερίας γίνεσθαι, μάλιστα τῇσι γυναιξὶ, καὶ ἀνδρῶν τοῖσιν ὑγροῖσι τὰς φύσιας.
3.12. If the but the spring dry and northerly, women whose term of delivery should be in spring, have abortions from any slight cause; and those who reach their full time, bring forth children who are feeble, and diseased, so that they either die presently, or, if they live, are puny and unhealthy. Other people are subject to dysenteries and ophthalmies, and old men to catarrhs, which quickly cut them off.
3.12. 12. ἢν δὲ νότιος ὁ χειμὼν καὶ ἔπομβρος καὶ εὐδιεινὸς γένηται, τὸ δὲ ἔαρ αὐχμηρὸν καὶ βόρειον, αἱ μὲν γυναῖκες, ᾗσιν οἱ τόκοι πρὸς τὸ ἦρ, ἐκ πάσης προφάσιος ἐκτιτρώσκουσιν· αἳ δʼ ἂν τέκωσιν, ἀκρατέα καὶ νοσώδεα τὰ παιδία τίκτουσιν, ὥστε ἢ παραυτίκα ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ λεπτὰ καὶ νοσώδεα ζῇν ἐόντα· τοῖσι δὲ ἄλλοισι βροτοῖσι δυσεντερίαι καὶ ὀφθαλμίαι ξηραὶ γίνονται, τοῖσι δὲ πρεσβυτέροισι κατάῤῥοοι ξυντόμως ἀπολλύντες.
3.13. If the summer be dry and northerly and the autumn rainy and southerly, headaches occur in winter, with coughs, hoarsenesses, coryzae, and in some cases consumptions.
3.13. 13. ἢν δὲ τὸ θέρος αὐχμηρὸν καὶ βόρειον γένηται, τὸ δὲ φθινόπωρον ἔπομβρον καὶ νότιον, κεφαλαλγίαι ἐς τὸν χειμῶνα γίνονται, καὶ βῆχες, καὶ βράγχοι, καὶ κόρυζαι, ἐνίοισι δὲ καὶ φθίσιες.
3.14. But if the autumn be northerly and dry, it agrees well with persons of a humid temperament, and with women; but others will be subject to dry ophthalmies, acute fevers, coryzae, and in some cases melancholy.
3.14. 14. ἢν δὲ βόρειον ᾖ καὶ ἄνυδρον, τοῖσι μὲν ὑγροῖσι τὰς φύσιας καὶ τῇσι γυναιξὶ ξύμφορον· τοῖσι δὲ λοιποῖσιν ὀφθαλμίαι ἔσονται ξηραὶ, καὶ πυρετοὶ ὀξέες, καὶ κόρυζαι, ἐνίοισι δὲ καὶ μελαγχολίαι.
3.15. Of the constitutions of the year, the dry, upon the whole, are more healthy than the rainy, and attended with less mortality.
3.15. 15. τῶν δὲ καταστασίων τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸ μὲν ὅλον οἱ αὐχμοὶ τῶν ἐπομβριῶν εἰσιν ὑγιεινότεροι, καὶ ἧσσον θανατώδεες.
3.16. The diseases which occur most frequently in rainy seasons are, protracted fevers, fluxes of the bowels, mortifications, epilepsies, apoplexies, and quinsies; and in dry, consumptive diseases, ophthalmies, arthritic diseases, stranguries, and dysenteries.
3.16. 16. νοσήματα δὲ ἐν μὲν τῇσιν ἐπομβρίῃσιν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ γίνεται, πυρετοί τε μακροὶ, καὶ κοιλίης· ῥύσιες, καὶ σηπεδόνες, καὶ ἐπίληπτοι, καὶ ἀπόπληκτοι, καὶ κυνάγχαι· ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν αὐχμοῖσι, φθινάδες, ὀφθαλμίαι, ἀρθρίτιδες, στραγγουρίαι, καὶ δυσεντερίαι.
3.17. With regard to the states of the weather which continue but for a day, that which is northerly, braces the body, giving it tone, agility, and color, improves the sense of hearing, dries up the bowels, pinches the eyes, and aggravates any previous pain which may have been seated in the chest. But the southerly relaxes the body, and renders it humid, brings on dullness of hearing, heaviness of the head, and vertigo, impairs the movements of the eyes and the whole body, and renders the alvine discharges watery.
3.17. 17. αἱ δὲ καθʼ ἡμέρην καταστάσιες, αἱ μὲν βόρειοι τά τε σώματα ξυνιστᾶσι, καὶ εὔτονα καὶ εὐκίνητα καὶ εὔχροα καὶ εὐηκοώτερα ποιέουσι, καὶ τὰς κοιλίας ξηραίνουσι, καὶ τὰ ὄμματα δάκνουσι, καὶ περὶ τὸν θώρηκα ἄλγημα ἤν τι προϋπάρχῃ, μᾶλλον πονέουσιν· αἱ δὲ νότιοι διαλύουσι τὰ σώματα καὶ ὑγραίνουσι, καὶ βαρυηκοΐας καὶ καρηβαρίας καὶ ἰλίγγους ποιέουσιν, ἐν δὲ τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι σώμασι δυσκινησίην, καὶ τὰς κοιλίας ὑγραίνουσιν.
3.18. With regard to the seasons, in spring and in the commencement of summer, children and those next to them in age are most comfortable, and enjoy best health; in summer and during a certain portion of autumn, old people; during the remainder of the autumn and in winter, those of the intermediate ages.
3.18. 18. κατὰ δὲ τὰς ὥρας, τοῦ μὲν ἦρος καὶ ἄκρου τοῦ θέρεος, οἱ παῖδες καὶ οἱ τουτέων ἐχόμενοι τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσιν, ἄριστά τε διἄγουσι, καὶ ὑγιαίνουσι μάλιστα· τοῦ δὲ θέρεος καὶ τοῦ φθινοπώρου, μέχρι μέν τινος οἱ γέροντες· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν, καὶ τοῦ χειμῶνος, οἱ μέσοι τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσιν.
3.19. All diseases occur at all seasons of the year, but certain of them are more apt to occur and be exacerbated at certain seasons.
3.19. 19. νοσήματα δὲ πάντα μὲν ἐν πάσῃσι τῇσιν ὥρῃσι γίνεται, μᾶλλον δʼ ἔνια κατʼ ἐνίας αὐτέων καὶ γίνεται καὶ παροξύνεται.
3.20. The diseases of spring are, maniacal, melancholic, and epileptic disorders, bloody flux, quinsy, coryza, hoarseness, cough, leprosy, lichen alphos, exanthemata mostly ending in ulcerations, tubercles, and arthritic diseases.
3.20. 20. τοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἦρος, τὰ μανικὰ, καὶ τὰ μελαγχολικὰ, καὶ τὰ ἐπιληπτικὰ, καὶ αἵματος ῥύσιες, καὶ κυνάγχαι, καὶ κόρυζαι, καὶ βράγχοι, καὶ βῆχες, καὶ λέπραι, καὶ λειχῆνες, καὶ ἀλφοὶ, καὶ ἐξανθήσιες ἑλκώδεες πλεῖσται, καὶ φύματα, καὶ ἀρθριτικά.
3.21. Of summer, certain of these, and continued, ardent, and tertian fevers, most especially vomiting, diarrhoea, ophthalmy, pains of the ears, ulcerations of the mouth, mortifications of the privy parts, and the sudamina.
3.21. 21. τοῦ δὲ θέρεος, ἔνιά τε τουτέων, καὶ πυρετοὶ ξυνεχέες, καὶ καῦσοι, καὶ τριταῖοι πλεῖστοι, καὶ ἔμετοι, καὶ διάῤῥοιαι, καὶ ὀφθαλμίαι, καὶ ὤτων πόνοι, καὶ στομάτων ἑλκώσιες, καὶ σηπεδόνες αἰδοίων, καὶ ἵδρωα.
3.22. Of autumn, most of the summer, quartan, and irregular fevers, enlarged spleen, dropsy, phthisis, strangury, lientery, dysentery, sciatica, quinsy, asthma, ileus, epilepsy, maniacal and melancholic disorders.
3.22. 22. τοῦ δὲ φθινοπώρου, καὶ τῶν θερινῶν τὰ πολλὰ, καὶ πυρετοὶ τεταρταῖοι, καὶ πλανῆτες, καὶ σπλῆνες, καὶ ὕδρωπες, καὶ φθίσιες, καὶ στραγγουρίαι, καὶ λειεντερίαι, καὶ δυσεντερίαι, καὶ ἰσχιάδες, καὶ κυνάγχαι, καὶ ἄσθματα, καὶ εἰλεοὶ, καὶ ἐπιληψίαι, καὶ τὰ μανικὰ, καὶ τὰ μελαγχολικά.
3.23. Of winter, pleurisy, pneumonia, coryza, hoarseness, cough, pains of the chest, pains of the ribs and loins, headache, vertigo, and apoplexy.
3.23. 23. τοῦ δὲ χειμῶνος, πλευρίτιδες, περιπλευμονίαι, κόρυζαι, βράγχοι, βῆχες, πόνοι στηθέων, πόνοι πλευρέων, ὀσφύος, κεφαλαλγίαι, ἴλιγγοι, ἀποπληξίαι.
3.24. In the different ages the following complaints occur: to little and new-born children, aphthae, vomiting, coughs, sleeplessness, frights inflammation of the navel, watery discharges from the ears.
3.24. 24. ἐν δὲ τῇσιν ἡλικίῃσι τοιάδε ξυμβαίνει· τοῖσι μὲν σμικροῖσι καὶ νεογνοῖσι παιδίοισιν, ἄφθαι, ἔμετοι, βῆχες, ἀγρυπνίαι, φόβοι, ὀμφαλοῦ φλεγμοναὶ, ὤτων ὑγρότητες.
3.25. At the approach of dentition, pruritus of the gums, fevers, convulsions, diarrhoea, especially when cutting the canine teeth, and in those who are particularly fat, and have constipated bowels.
3.25. 25. πρὸς δὲ τὸ ὀδοντοφυέειν προσάγουσιν, οὔλων ὀδαξησμοὶ, πυρετοὶ, σπασμοὶ, διάῤῥοιαι, καὶ μάλιστα ὅταν ἀνάγωσι τοὺς κυνόδοντας, καὶ τοῖσι παχυτάτοισι τῶν παίδων, καὶ τοῖσι σκληρὰς τὰς κοιλίας ἔχουσιν.
3.26. To persons somewhat older, affections of the tonsils, incurvation of the spine at the vertebra next the occiput, asthma, calculus, round worms, ascarides, acrochordon, satyriasmus, struma, and other tubercles (phymata), but especially the aforesaid.
3.26. 26. πρεσβυτέροισι δὲ γενομένοισι, παρίσθμια, σπονδύλου τοῦ κατὰ τὸ ἰνίον εἴσω ὤσιες, ἄσθματα, λιθιάσιες, ἕλμινθες στρογγύλαι, ἀσκαρίδες, ἀκροχορδόνες, σατυριασμοὶ, χοιράδες, καὶ τἄλλα φύματα, μάλιστα δὲ τὰ προειρημένα.
3.27. To persons of a more advanced age, and now on the verge of manhood, the most of these diseases, and, moreover, more chronic fevers, and epistaxis.
3.27. 27. τοῖσι δὲ ἔτι πρεσβυτέροισι καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἥβην προσάγουσι, τουτέων τε τὰ πολλὰ, καὶ πυρετοὶ χρόνιοι μᾶλλον, καὶ ἐκ ῥινῶν αἵματος ῥύσιες 28.
3.28. Young people for the most part have a crisis in their complaints, some in forty days, some in seven months, some in seven years, some at the approach to puberty; and such complaints of children as remain, and do not pass away about puberty, or in females about the commencement of menstruation, usually become chronic.
3.28. τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα τοῖσι παιδίοισι πάθεα κρίνεται, τὰ μὲν ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρῃσι, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἑπτὰ μησὶ, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἑπτὰ ἔτεσι, τὰ δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἥβην προσάγουσιν· ὅσα δʼ ἂν διαμείνῃ τοῖσι παιδίοισι, καὶ μὴ ἀπολυθῇ περὶ τὸ ἡβάσκειν, ἢ τῇσι θηλείῃσι περὶ τὰς τῶν καταμηνίων ῥήξιας, χρονίζειν εἴωθεν.