33. And though Hellas was closed to us because of the war which had arisen, and though we were being robbed on every side, I solved most of these difficulties, paying to some their claims in full, to others in part, asking some to postpone theirs, and satisfying others as to their complaints by whatever means I could. Furthermore, though the inhabitants of the island were hostile to me, and the Great King, while outwardly reconciled, was really in an ugly mood, I calmed and appeased both parties by assisting the King zealously and by treating the islanders justly.
33. ἀβάτου δὲ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἡμῖν οὔσης διὰ τὸν πόλεμον τὸν γεγενημένον, καὶ πανταχοῦ συλωμένων ἡμῶν, τὰ πλεῖστα τούτων διέλυσα, τοῖς μὲν ἅπαντʼ ἀποτίνων, τοῖς δὲ μέρη, τῶν δʼ ἀναβαλέσθαι δεόμενος, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὅπως ἠδυνάμην περὶ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων διαλλαττόμενος. ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν νῆσον οἰκούντων δυσκόλως πρὸς ἡμᾶς διακειμένων, καὶ βασιλέως τῷ μὲν λόγῳ διηλλαγμένου τῇ δʼ ἀληθεία τραχέως ἔχοντος, ἀμφότερα ταῦτα κατεπράϋνα, τῷ μὲν προθύμως ὑπηρετῶν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς δίκαιον ἐμαυτὸν παρέχων.
34. For I am so far from coveting what belongs to others that, while rulers of the other sort, when they are stronger than their neighbors by ever so little, cut off portions of their territory and seek to get the advantage of them, I did not think it right to take even the land which was offered to me, but prefer rather to hold through just means what is my own than to acquire through base means territory many times greater than that which I now possess.
34. τοσούτου γὰρ δέω τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐπιθυμεῖν, ὥσθʼ ἕτεροι μέν, ἢν καὶ μικρῷ μείζω τῶν ὁμόρων δύναμιν ἔχωσιν, ἀποτέμνονται τῆς γῆς καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν ζητοῦσιν, ἐγὼ δʼ οὐδὲ τὴν διδομένην χώραν ἠξίωσα λαβεῖν, ἀλλʼ αἱροῦμαι μετὰ δικαιοσύνης τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ μόνον ἔχειν μᾶλλον ἢ μετὰ κακίας πολλαπλασίαν τῆς ὑπαρχούσης κτήσασθαι.
35. But why need I take the time to speak in detail, especially when I can make clear in a word the truth about myself? For it will be acknowledged that I have never wronged any man; that, on the contrary, I have been of service to many more of my own citizens and of the Hellenes at large and have bestowed upon them both greater gifts than all who have ruled before me put together. And surely those who pride themselves on justice and who profess to be above considerations of money ought to be able to speak in such high terms of their own conduct.
35. καὶ τί δεῖ καθʼ ἓν ἕκαστον λέγοντα διατρίβειν, ἄλλως τε καὶ συντόμως ἔχοντα δηλῶσαι περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ; φανήσομαι γὰρ οὐδένα μὲν πώποτʼ ἀδικήσας, πλείους δὲ καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων εὖ πεποιηκὼς καὶ μείζους δωρεὰς ἑκατέροις δεδωκὼς ἢ σύμπαντες οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ βασιλεύσαντες. καίτοι χρὴ τοὺς μέγα φρονοῦντας ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ προσποιουμένους χρημάτων εἶναι κρείττους τοιαύτας ὑπερβολὰς ἔχειν εἰπεῖν περὶ αὑτῶν.
36. And now on the subject of temperance, also, I have still more important things to recount. For, since I realized that all men are most jealous for their wives and children, being above all quick to resent offenses against them, and that wantonness in these relations is responsible for the greatest evils—many ere now, of princely rank as well as of private station, having lost their lives because of it—, I so strictly avoided all these grounds of offense that, from the time when I became king, no one can charge me with having approached any woman but my own wife. I was not, of course, unaware that those kings also are highly thought of by the multitude who are just in their dealings with their citizens, even though they provide themselves with pleasures from outside their households; but I desired both to put myself as far above such suspicions as possible and at the same time to set up my conduct as a pattern to my people, knowing that the multitude are likely to spend their lives in practices in which they see their rulers occupied.
36. καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ περὶ σωφροσύνης ἔτι μείζω τούτων ἔχω διελθεῖν. εἰδὼς γὰρ ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους περὶ πλείστου ποιουμένους τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς αὑτῶν καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας, καὶ μάλιστʼ ὀργιζομένους τοῖς εἰς ταῦτʼ ἐξαμαρτάνουσι, καὶ τὴν ὕβριν τὴν περὶ ταῦτα μεγίστων κακῶν αἰτίαν γιγνομένην, καὶ πολλοὺς ἤδη καὶ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν καὶ τῶν δυναστευσάντων διὰ ταύτην ἀπολομένους, οὕτως ἔφυγον τὰς αἰτίας ταύτας, ὥστʼ ἐξ οὗ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔλαβον, οὐδενὶ φανήσομαι σώματι πεπλησιακὼς πλὴν τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ γυναικός, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν ὅτι κἀκεῖνοι παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς εὐδοκιμοῦσιν, ὅσοι περὶ μὲν τὰ τῶν πολιτῶν δίκαιοι τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες, ἄλλοθεν δέ ποθεν αὑτοῖς ἐπορίσαντο τὰς ἡδονάς, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος ἅμα μὲν ἐμαυτὸν ὡς πορρωτάτω ποιῆσαι τῶν τοιούτων ὑποψιῶν, ἅμα δὲ παράδειγμα καταστῆσαι τὸν τρόπον τὸν ἐμαυτοῦ τοῖς ἄλλοις πολίταις, γιγνώσκων ὅτι φιλεῖ τὸ πλῆθος ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασι τὸν βίον διάγειν, ἐν οἷς ἂν τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοὺς αὑτῶν ὁρῶσι διατρίβοντας.
38. Then again, I considered that it is also the duty of kings to be as much better than private citizens as they are superior to them in rank; and that those kings act contrary to all reason who compel their subjects to live decently but are themselves less continent than those over whom they rule.
38. ἔπειτα καὶ προσήκειν ἡγησάμην τοσούτῳ τοὺς βασιλεῖς βελτίους εἶναι τῶν ἰδιωτῶν, ὅσῳ περ καὶ τὰς τιμὰς μείζους αὐτῶν ἔχουσι, καὶ δεινὰ ποιεῖν ὅσοι τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους κοσμίως ζῆν ἀναγκάζουσιν, αὐτοὶ δʼ αὑτοὺς μὴ σωφρονεστέρους τῶν ἀρχομένων παρέχουσιν.
39. Moreover, I saw that while the majority of people are masters of themselves in other matters, even the best are slaves to the passions whose objects are boys and women; and therefore I wanted to show that I could be strong in those things in which I should be superior, not merely to people in general, but even to those who pride themselves on their virtue.
39. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τῶν μὲν ἄλλων πράξεων ἑώρων ἐγκρατεῖς τοὺς πολλοὺς γιγνομένους, τῶν δʼ ἐπιθυμιῶν τῶν περὶ τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ τοὺς βελτίστους ἡττωμένους· ἐβουλήθην οὖν ἐν τούτοις ἐμαυτὸν ἐπιδεῖξαι καρτερεῖν δυνάμενον, ἐν οἷς ἔμελλον οὐ μόνον τῶν ἄλλων διοίσειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ μέγα φρονούντων.
40. Furthermore, I had no patience with the perversity of men who take women in marriage and make them partners in all the relations of life, and then are not satisfied with the compacts which they have made but by their own lawless pleasures bring pain to those whom they expect never to cause them pain and who, though honest in all other partnerships, are without conscience in the partnership of marriage, when they ought to cherish this relationship the more faithfully inasmuch as it is more intimate and more precious than all others.
40. ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν τοιούτων πολλὴν κακίαν κατεγίγνωσκον, ὅσοι γυναῖκας λαβόντες καὶ κοινωνίαν ποιησάμενοι παντὸς τοῦ βίου μὴ στέργουσιν οἷς ἔπραξαν, ἀλλὰ ταῖς αὑτῶν ἡδοναῖς λυποῦσι ταύτας ὑφʼ ὧν αὐτοὶ μηδὲν ἀξιοῦσι λυπεῖσθαι, καὶ περὶ μὲν ἄλλας τινὰς κοινωνίας ἐπιεικεῖς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς παρέχουσιν, ἐν δὲ ταῖς πρὸς τὰς γυναῖκας ἐξαμαρτάνουσιν· ἃς ἔδει τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον διαφυλάττειν, ὅσῳ περ οἰκειότεραι καὶ μείζους οὖσαι τῶν ἄλλων τυγχάνουσιν.
41. More than that, they are unconsciously storing up for themselves feuds and factions at home in the royal palace. And yet, if kings are to rule well, they must try to preserve harmony, not only in the states over which they hold dominion, but also in their own households and in their places of abode; for all these things are the works of temperance and justice.
41. εἶτα λανθάνουσιν ἔνδον ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις στάσεις καὶ διαφορὰς αὑτοῖς ἐγκαταλείποντες. καίτοι χρὴ τοὺς ὀρθῶς βασιλεύοντας μὴ μόνον τὰς πόλεις ἐν ὁμονοία πειρᾶσθαι διάγειν, ὧν ἂν ἄρχωσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς οἴκους τοὺς ἰδίους καὶ τοὺς τόπους ἐν οἷς ἂν κατοικῶσιν· ἅπαντα γὰρ ταῦτα σωφροσύνης ἔργα καὶ δικαιοσύνης ἐστίν.
42. Nor was I of the same mind as most kings in regard to the begetting of children. I did not think I should have some children by a woman of humbler station and others by one of higher degree, nor that I should leave after me bastard progeny, as well as progeny of legitimate birth; but that all my children should be able to trace their lineage back through the same father and the same mother to Evagoras, my father, among mortals, to the Aeacides among the demigods, and to Zeus among the gods, and that not one of the children sprung from my loins should be cheated of this noble origin.
42. οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν δὲ γνώμην ἔσχον οὐδὲ περὶ τῆς παιδοποιίας τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν βασιλέων, οὐδʼ ᾠήθην δεῖν τοὺς μὲν ἐκ ταπεινοτέρας ποιήσασθαι τῶν παίδων τοὺς δʼ ἐκ σεμνοτέρας, οὐδὲ τοὺς μὲν νόθους αὐτῶν τοὺς δὲ γνησίους καταλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ πάντας ἔχειν τὴν αὐτὴν φύσιν καὶ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ πρὸς μητρὸς ἀνενεγκεῖν, τῶν μὲν θνητῶν εἰς Εὐαγόραν τὸν πατέρα, τῶν δʼ ἡμιθέων εἰς Αἰακίδας, τῶν δὲ θεῶν εἰς Δία, καὶ μηδένα τῶν ἐξ ἐμοῦ γενομένων ἀποστερηθῆναι ταύτης τῆς εὐγενείας.
43. Though many motives impelled me to abide by these principles, not the least incentive was that I saw that courage and cleverness and the other qualities which are held in high esteem are shared by many even among the base, whereas justice and temperance are the possessions of the good and noble alone. I conceived, therefore, that the noblest thing that I could do was to be able to excel my fellows in those virtues in which the bad have no share, and which are the truest and the most abiding and deserve the greatest praise.
43. πολλῶν δέ με προτρεπόντων ἐμμένειν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασι τούτοις, οὐχ ἥκιστα κἀκεῖνο παρεκάλεσεν, ὅτι τῆς μὲν ἀνδρίας καὶ τῆς δεινότητος καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν εὐδοκιμούντων ἑώρων καὶ τῶν κακῶν ἀνδρῶν πολλοὺς μετέχοντας, τὴν δὲ δικαιοσύνην καὶ σωφροσύνην ἴδια κτήματα τῶν καλῶν κἀγαθῶν ὄντα. κάλλιστον οὖν ὑπέλαβον, εἴ τις δύναιτο ταύταις ταῖς ἀρεταῖς προέχειν τῶν ἄλλων, ὧν οὐδὲν μέρος τοῖς πονηροῖς μέτεστιν, ἀλλὰ γνησιώταται καὶ βεβαιόταται καὶ μεγίστων ἐπαίνων ἄξιαι τυγχάνουσιν οὖσαι.
44. For these reasons, and with these thoughts in mind, I was more assiduous than anyone else in the practice of temperance, and I chose for my pleasures, not those which are found in acts which yield no honor, but those which are found in the good repute which rewards nobility of character. However, we ought not to test all the virtues in the same set of conditions, but should test justice when a man is in want, temperance when he is in power, continence when he is in the prime of youth.
44. τούτων ἕνεκα καὶ ταῦτα διανοηθεὶς περιττοτέρως τῶν ἄλλων ἤσκησα τὴν σωφροσύνην καὶ προειλόμην τῶν ἡδονῶν οὐ τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς μηδεμίαν τιμὴν ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς δόξαις ταῖς διʼ ἀνδραγαθίαν γιγνομέναις. χρὴ δὲ δοκιμάζειν τὰς ἀρετὰς οὐκ ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς ἰδέαις ἁπάσας, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν δικαιοσύνην ἐν ταῖς ἀπορίαις, τὴν δὲ σωφροσύνην ἐν ταῖς δυναστείαις, τὴν δʼ ἐγκράτειαν ἐν ταῖς τῶν νεωτέρων ἡλικίαις.
45. Now in all these situations no one will deny that I have given proof of my nature. When I was left by my father without means, I was so just in my dealings as to injure not one of my citizens; but when I gained the power to do whatever I pleased, I proved myself more temperate than men in private station; and I showed my self-control in both circumstances at an age in which we find that the great majority of men most frequently go morally astray.
45. ἐγὼ τοίνυν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς καιροῖς φανήσομαι πεῖραν τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ φύσεως δεδωκώς. ἐνδεὴς μέν γε χρημάτων καταλειφθεὶς οὕτω δίκαιον ἐμαυτὸν παρέσχον ὥστε μηδένα λυπῆσαι τῶν πολιτῶν· λαβὼν δʼ ἐξουσίαν ὥστε ποιεῖν ὅ τι ἂν βούλωμαι, σωφρονέστερος τῶν ἰδιωτῶν ἐγενόμην· τούτων δʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἐκράτησα ταύτην ἔχων τὴν ἡλικίαν, ἐν ᾗ τοὺς πλείστους ἂν εὕροιμεν πλεῖστα περὶ τὰς πράξεις ἐξαμαρτάνοντας.
46. I should probably hesitate to say all this before an audience of other people, not that I lack pride in what I have accomplished, but because I might fail to convince them on the evidence of my words alone; you, however, are yourselves my witnesses that all I have said is true. Now men who are moral by nature deserve our praise and admiration, but still more do those deserve it who are such in obedience to reason;
46. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐν ἑτέροις μὲν ἴσως ἂν ὤκνουν εἰπεῖν, οὐχ ὡς οὐ φιλοτιμούμενος ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις, ἀλλʼ ὡς οὐκ ἂν πιστευθεὶς ἐκ τῶν λεγομένων· ὑμεῖς δʼ αὐτοί μοι μάρτυρές ἐστε πάντων τῶν εἰρημένων· ἄξιον μὲν οὖν καὶ τοὺς φύσει κοσμίους ὄντας ἐπαινεῖν καὶ θαυμάζειν, ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ τοὺς μετὰ λογισμοῦ τοιούτους ὄντας·
47. for those who are temperate by chance and not by principle may perchance be persuaded to change, but those who, besides being so inclined by nature, have formed the conviction that virtue is the greatest good in the world, will, it is evident, stand firm in this position all their lives. But the reason why I have spoken at some length both about myself and the other subjects which I have discussed is that I might leave you no excuse for not doing willingly and zealously whatever I counsel and command.
47. οἱ μὲν γὰρ τύχῃ καὶ μὴ γνώμῃ σωφρονοῦντες τυχὸν ἂν καὶ μεταπεισθεῖεν· οἱ δὲ πρὸς τῳ πεφυκέναι καὶ διεγνωκότες ὅτι μέγιστόν ἐστι τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀρετή, δῆλον ὅτι πάντα τὸν βίον ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ τάξει διαμενοῦσιν. διὰ τοῦτο δὲ πλείους ἐποιησάμην τοὺς λόγους καὶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν προειρημένων, ἵνα μηδεμίαν ὑπολίπω πρόφασιν ὡς οὐ δεῖ ποιεῖν ὑμᾶς ἑκόντας καὶ προθύμως, ἅττʼ ἂν ἐγὼ συμβουλεύσω καὶ προστάξω.
48. I declare it to be the duty of each one of you to perform whatever tasks you are assigned with diligence and justice for if you fall short in either of these qualities, your conduct must needs suffer by that defect. Do not belittle nor despise a single one of your appointed tasks, thinking that nothing depends upon it; but, knowing that the whole depends for its success or failure on each of the parts, be careful in everything.
48. φημὶ δὲ χρῆναι πράττειν ἕκαστον ὑμῶν, ἐφʼ οἷς ἐφέστηκεν, ἐπιμελῶς καὶ δικαίως· καθʼ ὁπότερον γὰρ ἂν ἐλλείπητε τούτων, ἀνάγκη κακῶς σχεῖν ταύτῃ τὰς πράξεις. μηδενὸς ὀλιγωρεῖτε μηδὲ καταφρονεῖτε τῶν προστεταγμένων, ὑπολαμβάνοντες ὡς οὐ παρὰ τοῦτʼ ἐστίν, ἀλλʼ ὡς παρʼ ἕκαστον τῶν μερῶν ἢ καλῶς ἢ κακῶς τὸ σύμπαν ἕξον, οὕτω σπουδάζετε περὶ αὐτῶν.
49. Display no less concern in my interests than in your own, and do not think that the honors enjoyed by those who successfully administer my affairs are a small reward. Keep your hands off the possessions of others in order that you may be more secure in the possession of your own estates. You should be such in your dealings with others as you expect me to be in my dealings with you.
49. κήδεσθε μηδὲν ἧττον τῶν ἐμῶν ἢ τῶν ὑμετέρων αὐτῶν, καὶ μὴ νομίζετε μικρὸν ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τὰς τιμὰς ἃς ἔχουσιν οἱ καλῶς τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐπιστατοῦντες. ἀπέχεσθε τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἵνʼ ἀσφαλέστερον τοὺς οἴκους τοὺς ὑμετέρους αὐτῶν κεκτῆσθε. τοιούτους εἶναι χρὴ περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους, οἷόν περ ἐμὲ περὶ ὑμᾶς ἀξιοῦτε γίγνεσθαι.
50. Do not strive to gain riches rather than a good name, knowing that both among the Hellenes and the barbarians as well those who have the highest reputation for virtue have at their command the greatest number of good things. Consider that the making of money unjustly will produce, not wealth, but danger. Do not think that getting is gain or spending is loss; for neither the one nor the other has the same significance at all times, but either, when done in season and with honor, benefits the doer.
50. μὴ σπεύδετε πλουτεῖν μᾶλλον ἢ χρηστοὶ δοκεῖν εἶναι, γιγνώσκοντες ὅτι καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ μεγίστας ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ δόξας ἔχοντες πλείστων ἀγαθῶν δεσπόται καθίστανται. τοὺς χρηματισμοὺς τοὺς παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον γιγνομένους ἡγεῖσθε μὴ πλοῦτον ἀλλὰ κίνδυνον ποιήσειν. μὴ τὸ μὲν λαβεῖν κέρδος εἶναι νομίζετε, τὸ δʼ ἀναλῶσαι ζημίαν· οὐδέτερον γὰρ τούτων ἀεὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει δύναμιν, ἀλλʼ ὁπότερον ἂν ἐν καιρῷ καὶ μετʼ ἀρετῆς γίγνηται, τοῦτʼ ὠφελεῖ τοὺς ποιοῦντας.
51. And do not regard any one of my orders as a hardship; for those of you who make themselves most serviceable to my interests will most advance the interests of their own households. Let none of you imagine that even what he secretly thinks in his own heart will be hidden from me; nay, let him believe that, though I may be absent in body, yet my thoughts are present at what goes on; for, being of this opinion, you will be more restrained in your deliberations on all matters.
51. μηδὲ πρὸς ἓν χαλεπῶς ἔχετε τῶν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ προσταττομένων· ὅσοι γὰρ ἂν ὑμῶν περὶ πλεῖστα τῶν ἐμῶν χρησίμους αὑτοὺς παράσχωσιν, οὗτοι πλεῖστα τοὺς οἴκους τοὺς αὑτῶν ὠφελήσουσιν. ὅ τι ἂν ὑμῶν ἕκαστος αὐτὸς αὑτῷ τύχῃ συνειδώς, ἡγείσθω μηδʼ ἐμὲ λήσειν, ἀλλʼ ἐὰν καὶ τὸ σῶμα μὴ παρῇ, τὴν διάνοιαν τὴν ἐμὴν οἰέσθω τοῖς γιγνομένοις παρεστάναι· ταύτην γὰρ τὴν γνώμην ἔχοντες, σωφρονέστερον βουλεύσεσθε περὶ ἁπάντων.
52. Never conceal from me anything that you possess, or that you are doing, or that you intend to do, knowing that where there are things hidden, fears in great number must needs arise. Seek not to be artful nor underhand in your public life, but to be so honest and open that, even if anyone wants to slander you, it will not be easy to do so. Scrutinize your actions and believe that they are evil when you wish to hide from me what you do, and good when my knowledge of them will be likely to make me think better of you.
52. μηδὲν ἀποκρύπτεσθε μήθʼ ὧν κέκτησθε μήθʼ ὧν ποιεῖτε μήθʼ ὧν μέλλετε πράττειν, εἰδότες ὅτι περὶ τὰ κεκρυμμένα τῶν πραγμάτων ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι πολλοὺς φόβους γίγνεσθαι. μὴ τεχνικῶς ζητεῖτε πολιτεύεσθαι μηδʼ ἀφανῶς, ἀλλʼ οὕτως ἁπλῶς καὶ φανερῶς ὥστε μηδʼ ἄν τις βούληται ῥᾴδιον ὑμᾶς εἶναι διαβαλεῖν. δοκιμάζετε τὰς πράξεις, καὶ νομίζετε πονηρὰς μὲν ἃς πράττοντες λανθάνειν ἐμὲ βούλεσθε, χρηστὰς δὲ περὶ ὧν ἐγὼ μέλλω πυθόμενος βελτίους ὑμᾶς νομιεῖν.
53. Do not keep silent if you see any who are disloyal to my rule, but expose them and believe that those who aid in concealing crime deserve the same punishment as those who commit it. Consider fortunate, not those who escape detection when they do evil, but those who are innocent of all wrongdoing for it is probable that the former will suffer such ills as they themselves inflict, while the latter will receive the reward which they deserve.
53. μὴ κατασιωπᾶτε, ἄν τινας ὁρᾶτε περὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἐμὴν πονηροὺς ὄντας, ἀλλʼ ἐξελέγχετε, καὶ νομίζετε τῆς αὐτῆς ζημίας ἀξίους εἶναι τοὺς συγκρύπτοντας τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν. εὐτυχεῖν νομίζετε μὴ τοὺς λανθάνοντας, ἐάν τι κακὸν ποιήσωσιν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνοντας· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ εἰκὸς τοιαῦτα παθεῖν, οἷά περ αὐτοὶ ποιοῦσι, τοὺς δὲ χάριν ἀπολαβεῖν, ἧς ἄξιοι τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες.
54. Do not form political societies or unions without my sanction; for such associations may be an advantage in the other forms of government, but in monarchies they are a danger. Abstain not merely from wrongdoing, but also from such conduct as must needs arouse suspicion. Believe that my friendship is very sure and abiding.
54. ἑταιρείας μὴ ποιεῖσθε μηδὲ συνόδους ἄνευ τῆς ἐμῆς γνώμης· αἱ γὰρ τοιαῦται συστάσεις ἐν μὲν ταῖς ἄλλαις πολιτείαις πλεονεκτοῦσιν, ἐν δὲ ταῖς μοναρχίαις κινδυνεύουσιν. μὴ μόνον ἀπέχεσθε τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῶν τοιούτων ἐν οἷς ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ὑποψίαν ἐγγίγνεσθαι. τὴν ἐμὴν φιλίαν ἀσφαλεστάτην καὶ βεβαιοτάτην εἶναι νομίζετε. διαφυλάττετε τὴν παροῦσαν κατάστασιν, καὶ μηδεμιᾶς ἐπιθυμεῖτε μεταβολῆς, εἰδότες ὅτι διὰ τὰς ταραχὰς ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἀπόλλυσθαι καὶ τοὺς οἴκους τοὺς ἰδίους ἀναστάτους γίγνεσθαι.
55. Preserve the present order and do not desire any change, knowing that revolutions inevitably destroy states and lay waste the homes of the people. Do not think that it is their natural dispositions alone which make rulers harsh or gentle, but the character of the citizens as well; for many before now have been compelled by the depravity of their subjects to rule more harshly than they wished.
55. μὴ μόνον τὰς φύσεις αἰτίας νομίζετε τοῦ χαλεποὺς ἢ πράους εἶναι τοὺς τυράννους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν τρόπον τὸν τῶν πολιτῶν· πολλοὶ γὰρ ἤδη διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀρχομένων κακίαν τραχύτερον ἢ κατὰ τὴν αὑτῶν γνώμην ἄρχειν ἠναγκάσθησαν.
56. Be confident, but less because of my mildness than because of your own goodness. Consider that in my safety lies your own security; for while my fortunes are on a firm foundation, your own will be likewise. You should be self-effacing in your attitude toward my authority, abiding by our customs and preserving the royal laws, but conspicuous in your services on behalf of the state and in the other duties which are assigned to you by my command.
56. θαρρεῖτε μὴ μᾶλλον διὰ τὴν πραότητα τὴν ἐμὴν ἢ διὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν αὐτῶν ἀρετήν. τὴν ἐμὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἄδειαν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς εἶναι νομίζετε· καλῶς γὰρ τῶν περὶ ἐμὲ καθεστώτων τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὰ περὶ ὑμᾶς ἕξει. ταπεινοὺς μὲν εἶναι χρὴ πρὸς τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἐμήν, ἐμμένοντας τοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ διαφυλάττοντας τοὺς νόμους τοὺς βασιλικούς, λαμπροὺς δʼ ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως λειτουργίαις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ προσταττομένοις.
57. Exhort the young to virtue not only by your precepts but by exemplifying in your conduct what good men ought to be. Teach your children to be obedient, and habituate them to devote themselves above all to the discipline which I have described; for if they learn to submit to authority they will be able to exercise authority over many; and if they are faithful and just they will be given a share in my privileges; but if they turn out to be bad they will be in danger of losing all the privileges which they possess.
57. προτρέπετε τοὺς νεωτέρους ἐπʼ ἀρετὴν μὴ μόνον παραινοῦντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τὰς πράξεις ὑποδεικνύοντες αὐτοῖς οἵους εἶναι χρὴ τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς ἀγαθούς. διδάσκετε τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ὑμετέρους αὐτῶν πειθαρχεῖν, καὶ περὶ τὴν παίδευσιν τὴν εἰρημένην ἐθίζετʼ αὐτοὺς ὡς μάλιστα διατρίβειν· ἢν γὰρ καλῶς ἄρχεσθαι μάθωσι, πολλῶν ἄρχειν δυνήσονται, καὶ πιστοὶ μὲν ὄντες καὶ δίκαιοι μεθέξουσι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀγαθῶν, κακοὶ δὲ γενόμενοι κινδυνεύσουσι περὶ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων.
58. Consider that you will pass on to your children the greatest and surest wealth if you can leave them my good will. Consider that the most miserable and unfortunate of men are those who have proved faithless to those who put their faith in them; for such men are doomed to despair and to fear of everything and to distrust of friends no less than of foes throughout the remainder of their lives.
58. μέγιστον ἡγεῖσθε καὶ βεβαιότατον τοῖς παισὶ πλοῦτον παραδώσειν, ἢν αὐτοῖς δύνησθε τὴν ἡμετέραν εὔνοιαν καταλείπειν. ἀθλιωτάτους ἡγεῖσθε καὶ δυστυχεστάτους, ὅσοι περὶ τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἄπιστοι γεγόνασιν· ἀνάγκη γὰρ τοὺς τοιούτους ἀθύμως ἔχοντας καὶ φοβουμένους ἅπαντα καὶ μηδὲν μᾶλλον πιστεύοντας τοῖς φίλοις ἢ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον διάγειν.
59. Emulate, not those who have most possessions, but those who in their hearts know no evil; for with such a conscience one can live out his life most happily. Do not imagine that vice can profit more than virtue, and that it is only its name which is uglier; but consider that even as are the names which things have received, so, also, are their qualities.
59. ζηλοῦτε μὴ τοὺς πλεῖστα κεκτημένους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μηδὲν κακὸν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς συνειδότας· μετὰ γὰρ τοιαύτης ψυχῆς ἥδιστʼ ἄν τις δύναιτο τὸν βίον διαγαγεῖν. μὴ τὴν κακίαν οἴεσθε δύνασθαι μὲν πλείω τῆς ἀρετῆς ὠφελεῖν, τὸ δʼ ὄνομα δυσχερέστερον ἔχειν, ἀλλʼ οἵων περ ὀνομάτων ἕκαστον τῶν πραγμάτων τετύχηκε, τοιαύτας ἡγεῖσθε καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις αὐτῶν εἶναι.
60. Do not be jealous of those who are highest in my favor, but emulate them, and by making yourselves serviceable try to rise to the level of those who are above you. Believe that you should love and honor those whom your king loves and honors, in order that you may win from me these same distinctions. Even as are the words which you speak about me in my presence, so let your thoughts of me be in my absence.
60. μὴ φθονεῖτε τοῖς παρʼ ἐμοὶ πρωτεύουσιν ἀλλʼ ἁμιλλᾶσθε, καὶ πειρᾶσθε χρηστοὺς ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς παρέχοντες ἐξισοῦσθαι τοῖς προέχουσιν. φιλεῖν οἴεσθε δεῖν καὶ τιμᾶν οὕσπερ ἂν καὶ ὁ βασιλεύς, ἵνα καὶ παρʼ ἐμοῦ τυγχάνητε τῶν αὐτῶν τούτων. οἷά περ παρόντος μου λέγετε, τοιαῦτα καὶ περὶ ἀπόντος φρονεῖτε.
61. Manifest your good will towards me in deeds rather than in words. Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you. Practice nothing in your deeds for which you condemn others in your words. Expect to fare well or ill according as you are disposed well or ill toward me. Be not satisfied with praising good men, but imitate them as well.
61. τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἐνδείκνυσθε μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις. ἃ πάσχοντες ὑφʼ ἑτέρων ὀργίζεσθε, ταῦτα τοὺς ἄλλους μὴ ποιεῖτε. περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις κατηγορῆτε, μηδὲν τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἐπιτηδεύετε. τοιαῦτα προσδοκᾶτε πράξειν, οἷʼ ἂν περὶ ἡμῶν διανοῆσθε. μὴ μόνον ἐπαινεῖτε τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀλλὰ καὶ μιμεῖσθε.
62. Regard my words as your law, and try to abide by them, knowing that those of you who most faithfully do what I desire will most quickly be able to live as they themselves desire. This is the conclusion of the whole matter: just as you think those who are ruled by you should conduct themselves toward you, so you also should conduct yourselves toward my rule.
62. τοὺς λόγους τοὺς ἐμοὺς νόμους εἶναι νομίζοντες πειρᾶσθε τούτοις ἐμμένειν, εἰδότες ὅτι τοῖς μάλιστα ποιοῦσιν ὑμῶν ἁγὼ βούλομαι, τάχιστα τούτοις ἐξέσται ζῆν ὡς αὐτοὶ βούλονται. κεφάλαιον δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων· οἵους περ τοὺς ὑφʼ ὑμῶν ἀρχομένους οἴεσθε δεῖν περὶ ὑμᾶς εἶναι, τοιούτους χρὴ καὶ περὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἐμὴν ὑμᾶς γίγνεσθαι.
63. And if you do this, why need I speak at length of what the results will be? For if I continue to treat you as in time past, and you continue to give me your service and support, you will soon see your own life advanced, my empire increased, and the state made happy and prosperous.
63. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἂν ποιῆτε, τί δεῖ περὶ τῶν συμβησομένων μακρολογεῖν; ἢν γὰρ ἐγώ τε παρέχω τοιοῦτον ἐμαυτὸν οἷόν περ ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι χρόνῳ, καὶ τὰ παρʼ ὑμῶν ὑπηρετῆται, ταχέως ὄψεσθε καὶ τὸν βίον τὸν ὑμέτερον αὐτῶν ἐπιδεδωκότα καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἐμὴν ηὐξημένην καὶ τὴν πόλιν εὐδαίμονα γεγενημένην.
64. You could, therefore, well afford, for the sake of blessings so great, to spare no effort and even to undergo all manner of toil and peril; and yet it lies in your power, without suffering any hardship, but merely by being loyal and true, to bring all these things to pass.
64. ἄξιον μὲν οὖν τηλικούτων ἀγαθῶν ἕνεκα μηδὲν ἐλλείπειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πόνους καὶ κινδύνους οὑστινασοῦν ὑπενεγκεῖν· ὑμῖν δʼ ἔξεστι μηδὲν ταλαιπωρηθεῖσιν, ἀλλὰ πιστοῖς μόνον καὶ δικαίοις οὖσιν, ἅπαντα ταῦτα διαπράξασθαι.