--- title: "To Philip · Φίλιππος" author: "Isocrates" translator: "George Norlin" languages: [grc, en] shelf: "Classical Greek" section: 2 of 3 url: https://scriptura.si/works/isocrates-to-philip/2/ cite: "Isocrates, tr. George Norlin, To Philip · Φίλιππος, section 2. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/isocrates-to-philip/2/" --- # To Philip · Φίλιππος *Isocrates, tr. George Norlin* Philip of Macedon should reconcile the Greeks and lead them against Persia. > Greek: ed. George Norlin, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0010.tlg020, CC BY-SA 4.0). > English: George Norlin, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0010.tlg020.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included. > Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence. ## 2. Sections 54–104 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/isocrates-to-philip/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/isocrates-to-philip/2/#p-N [¶0] 54. and, finally, they began war upon the Phocians, expecting that in a short time they would conquer their cities, occupy all the surrounding territory, and prevail over all the treasures at Delphi by the outlay of their own funds. But none of these hopes has been realized; instead of seizing the cities of the Phocians they have lost cities of their own; and now when they invade the enemy’s territory they inflict less damage upon them than they suffer when they are retreating to their own country; > Greek: 54. τελευτῶντες δὲ πρὸς Φωκέας πόλεμον ἐξήνεγκαν ὡς τῶν τε πόλεων ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ κρατήσοντες, τόν τε τόπον ἅπαντα τὸν περιέχοντα κατασχήσοντες, τῶν τε χρημάτων τῶν ἐν Δελφοῖς περιγενησόμενοι ταῖς ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων δαπάναις. ὧν οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀποβέβηκεν, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ μὲν τοῦ λαβεῖν τὰς Φωκέων πόλεις τὰς αὑτῶν ἀπολωλέκασιν, εἰσβάλλοντες δʼ εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἐλάττω κακὰ ποιοῦσιν ἐκείνους ἢ πάσχουσιν ἀπιόντες εἰς τὴν αὑτῶν· [¶1] 55. for while they are in Phocian territory they succeed in killing a few hireling soldiers who are better off dead than alive, but when they retreat they lose of their own citizens those who are most esteemed and most ready to die for their fatherland. And so completely have their fortunes shifted, that whereas they once hoped that all Hellas would be subject to them, now they rest upon you the hopes of their own deliverance. Therefore I think that the Thebans also will do with alacrity whatever you command or advise. > Greek: 55. ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῇ Φωκίδι τῶν μισθοφόρων τινὰς ἀποκτείνουσιν, οἷς λυσιτελεῖ τεθνάναι μᾶλλον ἢ ζῆν, ἀναχωροῦντες δὲ τοὺς ἐνδοξοτάτους αὑτῶν καὶ μάλιστα τολμῶντας ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἀποθνήσκειν ἀπολλύουσιν. εἰς τοῦτο δʼ αὐτῶν περιέστηκε τὰ πράγματα, ὥστʼ ἐλπίσαντες ἅπαντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας ὑφʼ αὑτοῖς ἔσεσθαι νῦν ἐν σοὶ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχουσι τῆς αὑτῶν σωτηρίας. ὥστʼ οἶμαι καὶ τούτους ταχέως ποιήσειν ὅ τι ἂν σὺ κελεύῃς καὶ συμβουλεύῃς. [¶2] 56. It would still remain for me to speak about our city, had she not come to her senses before the others and made peace; but now I need only say this: I think that she will join forces with you in carrying out your policy, especially if she can be made to see that your object is to prepare for the campaign against the barbarians. > Greek: 56. λοιπὸν δʼ ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι τῆς ἡμετέρας, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων εὖ φρονήσασα τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο. νῦν δʼ αὐτὴν οἶμαι καὶ συναγωνιεῖσθαι τοῖς ὑπὸ σοῦ πραττομένοις, ἄλλως τε κἂν δυνηθῇ συνιδεῖν ὅτι ταῦτα διοικεῖς πρὸ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν βάρβαρον στρατείας. [¶3] 57. That it is not, therefore, impossible for you to bring these cities together, I think has become evident to you from what I have said. But more than that, I believe I can convince you by many examples that it will also be easy for you to do this. For if it can be shown that other men in the past have undertaken enterprises which were not, indeed, more noble or more righteous than that which I have advised, but of greater magnitude and difficulty, and have actually brought them to pass, what ground will be left to my opponents to argue that you will not accomplish the easier task more quickly than other men the harder? > Greek: 57. ὡς μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἀδύνατόν ἐστί σοι συστῆσαι τὰς πόλεις ταύτας, ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ἡγοῦμαί σοι γεγενῆσθαι φανερόν· ἔτι τοίνυν ὡς καὶ ῥᾳδίως ταῦτα πράξεις, ἐκ πολλῶν παραδειγμάτων οἶμαί σε γνῶναι ποιήσειν. ἢν γὰρ φανῶσιν ἕτεροί τινες τῶν προγεγενημένων μὴ καλλίοσι μὲν μηδʼ ὁσιωτέροις ὧν ἡμεῖς συμβεβουλεύκαμεν ἐπιχειρήσαντες, μείζω δὲ καὶ δυσκολώτερα τούτων ἐπιτελέσαντες, τί λοιπὸν ἔσται τοῖς ἀντιλέγουσιν ὡς οὐ θᾶττον σὺ τὰ ῥᾴω πράξεις ἢ ʼκεῖνοι τὰ χαλεπώτερα; [¶4] 58. Consider first the exploits of Alcibiades. Although he was exiled from Athens and observed that the others who had before labored under this misfortune had been cowed because of the greatness of the city, yet he did not show the same submissive spirit as they; on the contrary, convinced that he must attempt to bring about his return by force, he deliberately chose to make war upon her. > Greek: 58. σκέψαι δὲ πρῶτον τὰ περὶ Ἀλκιβιάδην. ἐκεῖνος γὰρ φυγὼν παρʼ ἡμῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ὁρῶν τοὺς πρὸ αὑτοῦ ταύτῃ συμφορᾷ κεχρημένους ἐπτηχότας διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τὸ τῆς πόλεως, οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν γνώμην ἔσχεν ἐκείνοις, ἀλλʼ οἰηθεὶς πειρατέον εἶναι βίᾳ κατελθεῖν προείλετο πολεμεῖν πρὸς αὐτήν. [¶5] 59. Now if one should attempt to speak in detail of the events of that time, he would find it impossible to recount them all exactly, and for the present occasion the recital would perhaps prove wearisome. But so great was the confusion into which he plunged not only Athens but Lacedaemon and all the rest of Hellas as well, that we, the Athenians, suffered what all the world knows; that the rest of the Hellenes fell upon such evil days that even now the calamities engendered in the several states by reason of that war are not yet forgotten; and that the Lacedaemonians, who then appeared to be at the height of their fortune, are reduced to their present state of misfortune,—all on account of Alcibiades. > Greek: 59. καθʼ ἕκαστον μὲν οὖν τῶν τότε γενομένων εἴ τις λέγειν ἐπιχειρήσειεν, οὔτʼ ἂν διελθεῖν ἀκριβῶς δύναιτο, πρός τε τὸ παρὸν ἴσως ἂν ἐνοχλήσειεν· εἰς τοσαύτην δὲ ταραχὴν κατέστησεν οὐ μόνον τὴν πόλιν ἀλλὰ καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας, ὥσθʼ ἡμᾶς μὲν παθεῖν ἃ πάντες ἴσασι, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους τηλικούτοις κακοῖς περιπεσεῖν, ὥστε μηδέπω νῦν ἐξιτήλους εἶναι τὰς συμφορὰς τὰς διʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν πόλεμον ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἐγγεγενημένας, Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ τοὺς τότε δόξαντας εὐτυχεῖν εἰς τὰς νῦν ἀτυχίας διʼ Ἀλκιβιάδην καθεστάναι· [¶6] 61. For because they were persuaded by him to covet the sovereignty of the sea, they lost even their leadership on land; so that if one were to assert that they became subject to the dominion of their present ills when they attempted to seize the dominion of the sea, he could not be convicted of falsehood. Alcibiades, however, after having caused these great calamities, was restored to his city, having won a great reputation, though not, indeed, enjoying the commendation of all. > Greek: 61. πεισθέντες γὰρ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν δυνάμεως ἐπιθυμῆσαι καὶ τὴν κατὰ γῆν ἡγεμονίαν ἀπώλεσαν, ὥστʼ εἴ τις φαίη τότε τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι τῶν παρόντων κακῶν, ὅτε τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἐλάμβανον, οὐκ ἂν ἐξελεγχθείη ψευδόμενος. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν τηλικούτων αἴτιος γενόμενος κατῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, μεγάλης μὲν δόξης τυχών, οὐ μὴν ἐπαινούμενος ὑφʼ ἁπάντων. Κόνων δʼ οὐ πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ἀντίστροφα τούτων ἔπραξεν. [¶7] 62. The career of Conon, not many years later, is a counterpart to that of Alcibiades. After his defeat in the naval engagement in the Hellespont, for which not he but his fellow commanders were responsible, he was too chagrined to return home; instead he sailed to Cyprus, where he spent some time attending to his private interests. But learning that Agesilaus had crossed over into Asia with a large force and was ravaging the country, he was so dauntless of spirit that, although he possessed no resource whatever save his body and his wits, he was yet confident that he could conquer the Lacedaemonians, albeit they were the first power in Hellas on both land and sea; and, sending word to the generals of the Persian king, he promised that he would do this. > Greek: 62. ἀτυχήσας γὰρ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ τῇ περὶ Ἑλλήσποντον οὐ διʼ αὑτὸν ἀλλὰ διὰ τοὺς συνάρχοντας, οἴκαδε μὲν ἀφικέσθαι κατῃσχύνθη, πλεύσας δʼ εἰς Κύπρον χρόνον μέν τινα περὶ τὴν τῶν ἰδίων ἐπιμέλειαν διέτριβεν, αἰσθόμενος δʼ Ἀγησίλαον μετὰ πολλῆς δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβεβηκότα καὶ πορθοῦντα τὴν χώραν οὕτω μέγʼ ἐφρόνησεν, ὥστʼ ἀφορμήν οὐδεμίαν ἄλλην ἔχων πλὴν τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἤλπισε Λακεδαιμονίους καταπολεμήσειν ἄρχοντας τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν, καὶ ταῦτα πέμπων ὡς τοὺς βασιλέως στρατηγοὺς ὑπισχνεῖτο ποιήσειν. [¶8] 63. What need is there to tell more of the story? For he collected a naval force off Rhodes, won a victory over the Lacedaemonians in a sea-fight, deposed them from their sovereignty, and set the Hellenes free. > Greek: 63. καὶ τί δεῖ τὰ πλείω λέγειν; συστάντος γὰρ αὐτῷ ναυτικοῦ περὶ Ῥόδον καὶ νικήσας τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίους μὲν ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς, τοὺς δʼ Ἕλληνας ἠλευθέρωσεν, οὐ μόνον δὲ τὰ τείχη τῆς πατρίδος ἀνώρθωσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν πόλιν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν δόξαν προήγαγεν ἐξ ἧσπερ ἐξέπεσεν. [¶9] 64. And not only did he rebuild the walls of his country, but he restored Athens to the same high repute from which she had fallen. And yet who could have expected that a man whose own fortunes had fallen so low would completely reverse the fortunes of Hellas, degrading some of the Hellenic states from places of honor and raising others into prominence? > Greek: 64. καίτοι τίς ἂν προσεδόκησεν ὑπʼ ἀνδρὸς οὕτω ταπεινῶς πράξαντος ἀναστραφήσεσθαι τὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος πράγματα, καὶ τὰς μὲν ἀτιμωθήσεσθαι τὰς δʼ ἐπιπολάσειν τῶν Ἑλληνίδων πόλεων; [¶10] 65. Again, there is the case of Dionysius (for I desire you to be convinced by many instances that the course of action to which I am urging you is an easy one). He was a person of small account among the Syracusans in birth, in reputation, and in all other respects; yet, being inspired by a mad and unreasoning passion for monarchy, and having the hardihood to do anything which advanced him to this goal, he made himself master of Syracuse, conquered all the states in Sicily which were of Hellenic origin, and surrounded himself with a power on both land and sea greater than any man before his time had possessed. > Greek: 65. Διονύσιος τοίνυν (βούλομαι γὰρ ἐκ πολλῶν σε πεισθῆναι ῥᾳδίαν εἶναι τὴν πρᾶξιν, ἐφʼ ἥν σε τυγχάνω παρακαλῶν) πολλοστὸς ὢν Συρακοσίων καὶ τῷ γένει καὶ τῇ δόξῃ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν, ἐπιθυμήσας μοναρχίας ἀλόγως καὶ μανικῶς, καὶ τολμήσας ἅπαντα πράττειν τὰ φέροντα πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν ταύτην, κατέσχε μὲν Συρακούσας, ἁπάσας δὲ τὰς ἐν Σικελίᾳ πόλεις, ὅσαι περ ἦσαν Ἑλληνίδες, κατεστρέψατο, τηλικαύτην δὲ δύναμιν περιεβάλετο καὶ πεζὴν καὶ ναυτικήν, ὅσην οὐδεὶς ἀνὴρ τῶν πρὸ ἐκείνου γενομένων. [¶11] 66. Then again, Cyrus (that we may take account of the barbarians also), not withstanding the fact that as a child he was exposed by his mother on the public highway and was picked up by a Persian woman, so completely reversed his fortunes that he became master of all Asia. > Greek: 66. ἔτι τοίνυν Κῦρος (ἵνα μνησθῶμεν καὶ περὶ τῶν βαρβάρων) ἐκτεθεὶς μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς εἰς τὴν ὁδόν, ἀναιρεθεὶς δʼ ὑπὸ Περσίδος γυναικός, εἰς τοσαύτην ἦλθε μεταβολὴν ὥσθʼ ἁπάσης τῆς Ἀσίας γενέσθαι δεσπότης. [¶12] 67. Now if Alcibiades in exile, and Conon after a disastrous defeat, and Dionysius, a man of no repute, and Cyrus, with his pitiable start in life, advanced so far and achieved such mighty deeds, how can we fail to expect that you, who are sprung from such ancestors, who are king of Macedonia and master of so many peoples, will effect with ease this union which we have discussed? > Greek: 67. ὅπου δʼ Ἀλκιβιάδης μὲν φυγὰς ὤν, Κόνων δὲ δεδυστυχηκώς, Διονύσιος δʼ οὐκ ἔνδοξος ὤν, Κῦρος δʼ οὕτως οἰκτρᾶς αὐτῷ τῆς ἐξ ἀρχῆς γενέσεως ὑπαρξάσης, εἰς τοσοῦτον προῆλθον καὶ τηλικαῦτα διεπράξαντο, πῶς οὐ σέ γε χρὴ προσδοκᾶν τὸν ἐκ τοιούτων μὲν γεγονότα, Μακεδονίας δὲ βασιλεύοντα, τοσούτων δὲ κύριον ὄντα, ῥᾳδίως τὰ προειρημένα συστήσειν; [¶13] 68. Consider how worthy a thing it is to undertake, above all, deeds of such a character that if you succeed you will cause your own reputation to rival that of the foremost men of history, while if you fall short of your expectations you will at any rate win the good will of all the Hellenes—which is a better thing to gain than to take by force many Hellenic cities; for achievements of the latter kind entail envy and hostility and much opprobrium, but that which I have urged entails none of these things. Nay, if some god were to give you the choice of the interests and the occupations in which you would wish to spend your life, you could not, at least if you took my advice, choose any in preference to this; > Greek: 68. σκέψαι δʼ ὡς ἄξιόν ἐστι τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν ἔργων μάλιστʼ ἐπιχειρεῖν, ἐν οἷς κατορθώσας μὲν ἐνάμιλλον τὴν σαυτοῦ δόξαν καταστήσεις τοῖς πρωτεύσασι, διαμαρτὼν δὲ τῆς προσδοκίας ἀλλʼ οὖν τήν γʼ εὔνοιαν κτήσει τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἣν πολὺ κάλλιόν ἐστι λαβεῖν ἢ πολλὰς πόλεις τῶν Ἑλληνίδων κατὰ κράτος ἑλεῖν· τὰ μὲν γὰρ τοιαῦτα τῶν ἔργων φθόνον ἔχει καὶ δυσμένειαν καὶ πολλὰς βλασφημίας, οἷς δʼ ἡμεῖς συμβεβουλεύκαμεν οὐδὲν πρόσεστι τούτων. ἀλλʼ εἴ τις θεῶν αἵρεσίν σοι δοίη μετὰ ποίας ἂν ἐπιμελείας καὶ διατριβῆς εὔξαιο τὸν βίον διαγαγεῖν, οὐδεμίαν ἕλοιʼ ἄν, εἴπερ ἐμοὶ συμβούλῳ χρῷο, μᾶλλον ἢ ταύτην. [¶14] 69. for you will not only be envied of others, but you will also count yourself a happy man. For what good fortune could then surpass your own? Men of the highest renown will come as ambassadors from the greatest states to your court; you will advise with them about the general welfare, for which no other man will be found to have shown a like concern; you will see all Hellas on tiptoe with interest in whatever you happen to propose; and no one will be indifferent to the measures which are being decided in your councils, but, on the contrary, some will seek news of how matters stand, some will pray that you will not be thwarted in your aims, and others will fear lest something befall you before your efforts are crowned with success. > Greek: 69. οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἔσει ζηλωτός, ἀλλὰ καὶ σὺ σαυτὸν μακαριεῖς. τίς γὰρ ἂν ὑπερβολὴ γένοιτο τῆς τοιαύτης εὐδαιμονίας, ὅταν πρέσβεις μὲν ἥκωσιν ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων πόλεων οἱ μάλιστʼ εὐδοκιμοῦντες εἰς τὴν σὴν δυναστείαν, μετὰ δὲ τούτων βουλεύῃ περὶ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας, περὶ ἧς οὐδεὶς ἄλλος φανήσεται τοιαύτην πρόνοιαν πεποιημένος, αἰσθάνῃ δὲ τὴν Ἑλλάδα πᾶσαν ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐφʼ οἷς σὺ τυγχάνεις εἰσηγούμενος, μηδεὶς δʼ ὀλιγώρως ἔχῃ τῶν παρὰ σοὶ βραβευομένων, ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν πυνθάνωνται περὶ αὐτῶν ἐν οἷς ἐστίν, οἱ δʼ εὔχωνταί σε μὴ διαμαρτεῖν ὧν ἐπεθύμησας, οἱ δὲ δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι πάθῃς πρὶν τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις; [¶15] 71. If all this should come to pass, would you not have good reason to be proud? Would you not rejoice throughout your life in the knowledge that you had been a leader in such great affairs? And what man that is even moderately endowed with reason would not exhort you to fix your choice above all upon that course of action which is capable of bearing at one and the same time the twofold fruits, if I may so speak, of surpassing joys and of imperishable honors? > Greek: 71. ὧν γιγνομένων πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως μέγα φρονοίης; πῶς δʼ οὐκ ἂν περιχαρὴς ὢν τὸν βίον διατελοίης, τηλικούτων εἰδὼς σαυτὸν πραγμάτων ἐπιστάτην γεγενημένον; τίς δʼ οὐκ ἂν τῶν καὶ μετρίως λογιζομένων ταύτας ἄν σοι παραινέσειε μάλιστα προαιρεῖσθαι τῶν πράξεων, τὰς ἀμφότερα φέρειν ἅμα δυναμένας, ὥσπερ καρπούς, ἡδονάς θʼ ὑπερβαλλούσας καὶ τιμὰς ἀνεξαλείπτους; [¶16] 72. Now I should content myself with what I have already said on this topic, had I not passed over a certain matter—not that it slipped my memory, but because I hesitated to speak of it—which I am now resolved to disclose to you. For I think that it is profitable for you to hear about it, and that it is becoming in me to speak, as I am wont to do, without reserve. > Greek: 72. ἀπέχρη δʼ ἂν ἤδη μοι τὰ προειρημένα περὶ τούτων, εἰ μὴ παραλελοιπὼς ἦν τινα λόγον, οὐκ ἀμνημονήσας ἀλλʼ ὀκνήσας εἰπεῖν, ὃν ἤδη μοι δοκῶ δηλώσειν· οἶμαι γὰρ σοί τε συμφέρειν ἀκοῦσαι περὶ αὐτῶν, ἐμοί τε προσήκειν μετὰ παρρησίας (ὥσπερ εἴθισμαι) ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς λόγους. [¶17] 73. I observe that you are being painted in false colors by men who are jealous of you, for one thing, and are, besides, in the habit of stirring up trouble in their own cities—men who look upon a state of peace which is for the good of all as a state of war upon their selfish interests. Heedless of all other considerations, they keep talking about your power, representing that it is being built up, not in behalf of Hellas, but against her, that you have for a long time been plotting against us all, and that, while you are giving it out that you intend to go to the rescue of the Messenians, if you can settle the Phocian question, you really design to subdue the Peloponnesus to your rule. > Greek: 73. αἰσθάνομαι γάρ σε διαβαλλόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν σοὶ μὲν φθονούντων, τὰς δὲ πόλεις τὰς αὑτῶν εἰθισμένων εἰς ταραχὰς καθιστάναι, καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην τὴν τοῖς ἄλλοις κοινὴν πόλεμον τοῖς αὑτῶν ἰδίοις εἶναι νομιζόντων, οἳ πάντων τῶν ἄλλων ἀμελήσαντες περὶ τῆς σῆς δυνάμεως λέγουσιν, ὡς οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ ταύτην αὐξάνεται, καὶ σὺ πολὺν χρόνον ἤδη πᾶσιν ἡμῖν ἐπιβουλεύεις, καὶ λόγῳ μὲν μέλλεις Μεσσηνίοις βοηθεῖν, ἐὰν τὰ περὶ Φωκεῖς διοικήσῃς, ἔργῳ δʼ ὑπὸ σαυτῷ ποιεῖσθαι Πελοπόννησον· [¶18] 74. The Thessalians, they say, and the Thebans, and all those who belong to the Amphictyony, stand ready to follow your lead while the Argives, the Messenians, the Megalopolitans, and many of the others are prepared to join forces with you and wipe out the Lacedaemonians; and if you succeed in doing this, you will easily be master of the rest of Hellas. > Greek: 74. ὑπάρχουσι δέ σοι Θετταλοὶ μὲν καὶ Θηβαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ τῆς Ἀμφικτυονίας μετέχοντες ἕτοιμοι συνακολουθεῖν, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ καὶ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ Μεγαλοπολῖται καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πολλοὶ συμπολεμεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν ἀναστάτους Λακεδαιμονίους· ἢν δὲ ταῦτα πράξῃς, ὡς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων ῥᾳδίως κρατήσεις. [¶19] 75. By speaking this rubbish, by pretending to have exact knowledge and by speedily effecting in words the overthrow of the whole world, they are convincing many people. They convince, most of all, those who hunger for the same calamities as do the speech-makers; next, those who exercise no judgement about their common welfare, but, utterly obtuse in their own perceptions, are very grateful to men who pretend to feel alarm and fear in their behalf; and lastly, those who do not deny that you appear to be plotting against the Hellenes, but are of the opinion that the purpose with which you are charged is a worthy ambition. > Greek: 75. ταῦτα φλυαροῦντες καὶ φάσκοντες ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι, καὶ ταχέως ἅπαντα τῷ λόγῳ καταστρεφόμενοι, πολλοὺς πείθουσι, καὶ μάλιστα μὲν τοὺς τῶν αὐτῶν κακῶν ἐπιθυμοῦντας ὧν περ οἱ λογοποιοῦντες, ἔπειτα καὶ τοὺς οὐδενὶ λογισμῷ χρωμένους ὑπὲρ τῶν κοινῶν, ἀλλὰ παντάπασιν ἀναισθήτως διακειμένους καὶ πολλὴν χάριν ἔχοντας τοῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν φοβεῖσθαι καὶ δεδιέναι προσποιουμένοις, ἔτι δὲ τοὺς οὐκ ἀποδοκιμάζοντας τὸ δοκεῖν ἐπιβουλεύειν σε τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην ἀξίαν ἐπιθυμίας εἶναι νομίζοντας. [¶20] 76. For these latter are so far divorced from intelligence that they do not realize that one may apply the same words in some cases to a man’s injury, in others to his advantage. For example, if at the present moment one were to say that the King of Asia was plotting against the Hellenes, and had made preparations to send an expedition against us, he would not he saying anything disparaging of him; nay, he would, on the contrary, make us think more highly of his courage and his worth. But if, on the other hand, one should bring this charge against one of the descendants of Heracles, who made himself the benefactor of all Hellas, he would bring upon him the greatest opprobrium. > Greek: 76. οἳ τοσοῦτον ἀφεστᾶσι τοῦ νοῦν ἔχειν, ὥστʼ οὐκ ἴσασιν ὅτι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἄν τις λόγοις χρώμενος τοὺς μὲν βλάψειε τοὺς δʼ ὠφελήσειεν. οἷον καὶ νῦν, εἰ μέν τις φαίη τὸν τῆς Ἀσίας βασιλέα τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐπιβουλεύειν καὶ παρεσκευάσθαι στρατεύειν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, οὐδὲν ἂν λέγοι περὶ αὐτοῦ φλαῦρον, ἀλλʼ ἀνδρωδέστερον αὐτὸν καὶ πλέονος ἄξιον δοκεῖν εἶναι ποιήσειεν· εἰ δὲ τῶν ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους τινὶ πεφυκότων, ὃς ἁπάσης κατέστη τῆς Ἑλλάδος εὐεργέτης, ἐπιφέροι τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην, εἰς τὴν μεγίστην αἰσχύνην ἂν αὐτὸν καταστήσειεν. [¶21] 77. For who would not feel indignation and loathing if a man should be found to be plotting against those in whose behalf his ancestor elected to live a life of perils, and if he made no effort to preserve the good will which the latter had bequeathed as a legacy to his posterity, but, heedless of these examples, set his heart on reprehensible and wicked deeds? > Greek: 77. τίς γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ἀγανακτήσειε καὶ μισήσειεν, εἰ φαίνοιτο τούτοις ἐπιβουλεύων ὑπὲρ ὧν ὁ πρόγονος αὐτοῦ προείλετο κινδυνεύειν, καὶ τὴν μὲν εὔνοιαν, ἣν ἐκεῖνος κατέλιπε τοῖς ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ γεγενημένοις, μὴ πειρῷτο διαφυλάττειν, ἀμελήσας δὲ τούτων ἐπονειδίστων ἐπιθυμοίη καὶ πονηρῶν πραγμάτων; [¶22] 78. You ought to give these matters careful thought, and not look on with indifference while rumors are springing up around you of the sort which your enemies seek to fasten upon you, but which your friends, to a man, would not hesitate to deny. And yet it is in the feelings of both these parties that you can best see the truth as to your own interests. > Greek: 78. ὧν ἐνθυμούμενον χρὴ μὴ περιορᾶν τοιαύτην φήμην σαυτῷ περιφυομένην, ἣν οἱ μὲν ἐχθροὶ περιθεῖναί σοι ζητοῦσι, τῶν δὲ φίλων οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἂν ἀντειπεῖν ὑπὲρ σοῦ τολμήσειεν. καίτοι περὶ τῶν σοι συμφερόντων ἐν ταῖς τούτων ἀμφοτέρων γνώμαις μάλιστʼ ἂν κατίδοις τὴν ἀλήθειαν. [¶23] 79. Perhaps, however, you conceive that it argues a mean spirit to pay attention to the drivelers who heap abuse upon you and to those who are influenced by what they say, especially when your own conscience is free from any sense of guilt. But you ought not to despise the multitude nor count it a little thing to have the respect of the whole world; on the contrary, you ought then, and only then, to be satisfied that you enjoy a reputation which is good and great and worthy of yourself and of your forefathers and of the achievements of your line, when you have brought the Hellenes to feel toward you as you see the Lacedaemonians feel toward their kings, and as your companions feel toward yourself. > Greek: 79. ἴσως οὖν ὑπολαμβάνεις μικροψυχίαν εἶναι τὸ τῶν βλασφημούντων καὶ φλυαρούντων καὶ τῶν πειθομένων τούτοις φροντίζειν, ἄλλως θʼ ὅταν καὶ μηδὲν σαυτῷ συνειδῇς ἐξαμαρτάνων. χρὴ δὲ μὴ καταφρονεῖν τοῦ πλήθους, μηδὲ παρὰ μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι τὸ παρὰ πᾶσιν εὐδοκιμεῖν, ἀλλὰ τότε νομίζειν καλὴν ἔχειν καὶ μεγάλην τὴν δόξαν καὶ πρέπουσαν σοὶ καὶ τοῖς προγόνοις καὶ τοῖς ὑφʼ ὑμῶν πεπραγμένοις, ὅταν οὕτω διαθῇς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ὥσπερ ὁρᾷς Λακεδαιμονίους τε πρὸς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν βασιλέας ἔχοντας τούς θʼ ἑταίρους τοὺς σοὺς πρὸς σὲ διακειμένους. [¶24] 80. And it is not difficult for you to attain this if you determine to show yourself equally friendly to all, and cease treating some of the cities as friends and others as strangers, and if, furthermore, you fix your choice upon the kind of policy by which you can make yourself trusted by the Hellenes and feared by the barbarians. > Greek: 80. ἔστι δʼ οὐ χαλεπὸν τυχεῖν τούτων, ἢν ἐθελήσῃς κοινὸς ἅπασι γενέσθαι, καὶ παύσῃ ταῖς μὲν τῶν πόλεων οἰκείως ἔχων, πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἀλλοτρίως διακείμενος, ἔτι δʼ ἢν τὰ τοιαῦτα προαιρῇ πράττειν, ἐξ ὧν τοῖς μὲν Ἕλλησιν ἔσει πιστός, τοῖς δὲ βαρβάροις φοβερός. [¶25] 81. And do not be surprised (as I said in my letter to Dionysius after he had made himself master of Sicily) that I, who am not a general nor a public orator nor in any other position of authority, have expressed myself to you more boldly than the others. The fact is that nature has placed me more at a disadvantage than any of my fellow-citizens for a public career: I was not given a strong enough voice nor sufficient assurance to enable me to deal with the mob, to take abuse, and bandy words with the men who haunt the rostrum; > Greek: 81. καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς, ἅ περ ἐπέστειλα καὶ πρὸς Διονύσιον τὴν τυραννίδα κτησάμενον, εἰ μήτε στρατηγὸς ὢν μήτε ῥήτωρ μήτʼ ἄλλως δυνάστης θρασύτερόν σοι διείλεγμαι τῶν ἄλλων. ἐγὼ γὰρ πρὸς μὲν τὸ πολιτεύεσθαι πάντων ἀφυέστατος ἐγενόμην τῶν πολιτῶν (οὔτε γὰρ φωνὴν ἔσχον ἱκανὴν οὔτε τόλμαν δυναμένην ὄχλῳ χρῆσθαι καὶ μολύνεσθαι καὶ λοιδορεῖσθαι τοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος κυλινδουμένοις), τοῦ δὲ φρονεῖν εὖ καὶ πεπαιδεῦσθαι καλῶς, εἰ καί τις ἀγροικότερον εἶναι φήσει τὸ ῥηθέν, ἀμφισβητῶ, καὶ θείην ἂν ἐμαυτὸν οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἀπολελειμμένοις ἀλλʼ ἐν τοῖς προέχουσι τῶν ἄλλων. [¶26] 82. but, though some will condemn my taste in saying so, I do lay claim to sane judgement and good education, and I would count myself in comparison with others not among the last, but among the foremost. And that is why I endeavor in this way, for which my nature and powers are suited, to give advice to Athens and to the Hellenes at large and to the most distinguished among men. > Greek: 82. διό περ ἐπιχειρῶ συμβουλεύειν τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον, ὃν ἐγὼ πέφυκα καὶ δύναμαι, καὶ τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς Ἕλλησι καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τοῖς ἐνδοξοτάτοις. [¶27] 83. Now regarding myself, and regarding the course which you should take toward the Hellenes, perhaps no more need be said. But as to the expedition against Asia, we shall urge upon the cities which I have called upon you to reconcile that it is their duty to go to war with the barbarians, only when we see that they have ceased from discord. For the present, I shall address myself to you, not, however, with the same confidence as I had at that period of my life when I was writing on this same subject. > Greek: 83. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν ἐμῶν καὶ ὧν σοι πρακτέον ἐστὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, σχεδὸν ἀκήκοας· περὶ δὲ τῆς στρατείας τῆς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ταῖς μὲν πόλεσιν, ἃς ἔφην χρῆναί σε διαλλάττειν, τότε συμβουλεύσομεν ὡς χρὴ πολεμεῖν πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους, ὅταν ἴδωμεν αὐτὰς ὁμονοούσας, πρὸς σὲ δὲ νῦν ποιήσομαι τοὺς λόγους, οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχων διάνοιαν καὶ κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡλικίαν, ὅτʼ ἔγραφον περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὑπόθεσιν ταύτην. [¶28] 84. For then I challenged my audience to visit their ridicule and contempt upon me if I did not manifestly treat the question in a way which was worthy of the matter in hand and of my reputation and of the time which I had devoted to the discourse. But now I dread lest what I say may fall far short of every claim I then made; for, apart from the other disabilities under which I labor, my Panegyricus, which has enriched the other men who make philosophy their business, has left me quite impoverished, because I am neither willing to repeat what I have written in that discourse nor am I at my age able to cast about for new things. > Greek: 84. τότε μὲν γὰρ παρεκελευόμην τοῖς ἀκουσομένοις καταγελᾶν μου καὶ καταφρονεῖν, ἢν μὴ καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ τῆς δόξης τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ περὶ τὸν λόγον διατριφθέντος ἀξίως φαίνωμαι διεξιών· νῦν δὲ φοβοῦμαι μὴ πάντων τῶν προειρημένων πολὺ καταδεέστερον τύχω διαλεχθείς. καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις ὁ λόγος ὁ πανηγυρικός, ὁ τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς περὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν διατρίβοντας εὐπορωτέρους ποιήσας, ἐμοὶ πολλὴν ἀπορίαν παρέσχηκεν· οὔτε γὰρ ταὐτὰ βούλομαι λέγειν τοῖς ἐν ἐκείνῳ γεγραμμένοις, οὔτʼ ἔτι καινὰ δύναμαι ζητεῖν. [¶29] 85. However, I must not shirk my task, but must say in support of the enterprise which I have proposed whatever occurs to me as likely to persuade you to undertake it. For even if I fall short in any degree, and am not able to write in the style of my former publications, I think that I shall at any rate present an attractive sketch for those who have the energy to elaborate the details and carry the work to completion. > Greek: 85. οὐ μὴν ἀποστατέον ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ λεκτέον περὶ ὧν ὑπεθέμην, ὅ τι ἂν ὑποπέσῃ καὶ συμφέρῃ πρὸς τὸ πεῖσαί σε ταῦτα πράττειν. καὶ γὰρ ἢν ἐλλίπω τι καὶ μὴ δυνηθῶ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον γράψαι τοῖς πρότερον ἐκδεδομένοις, ἀλλʼ οὖν ὑπογράψειν γʼ οἶμαι χαριέντως τοῖς ἐξεργάζεσθαι καὶ διαπονεῖν δυναμένοις. [¶30] 86. The point of departure, then, which I have taken for my whole discussion is, I believe, the one which is proper for those who urge an expedition against Asia. For one must undertake nothing until he finds the Hellenes doing one of two things: either actually supporting the undertaking or according it their entire approval. It was this which Agesilaus, for all that he was looked upon as the most sagacious of the Lacedaemonians, disregarded, not because of incapacity but because of ambition. > Greek: 86. τὴν μὲν οὖν ἀρχὴν τοῦ λόγου τοῦ σύμπαντος οἶμαι πεποιῆσθαι ταύτην, ἥν περ προσήκει τοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν πείθοντας στρατεύειν. δεῖ γὰρ μηδὲν πρότερον πράττειν, πρὶν ἂν λάβῃ τις τοὺς Ἕλληνας δυοῖν θάτερον, ἢ συναγωνιζομένους ἢ πολλὴν εὔνοιαν ἔχοντας τοῖς πραττομένοις. ὧν Ἀγησίλαος ὁ δόξας εἶναι Λακεδαιμονίων φρονιμώτατος ὠλιγώρησεν, οὐ διὰ κακίαν, ἀλλὰ διὰ φιλοτιμίαν. [¶31] 87. For he had two aims, which, though laudable, were not consistent, and could not he carried out at the same time, since he was resolved both to make war against the King and to restore his friends to their cities and put them in control of affairs. Naturally the result of his efforts in behalf of his friends was that the Hellenes were involved in troubles and perils, and, owing to the confusion which arose at home, had neither the time nor the power to make war upon the barbarians. > Greek: 87. ἔσχε γὰρ διττὰς ἐπιθυμίας, καλὰς μὲν ἀμφοτέρας, οὐ συμφωνούσας δʼ ἀλλήλαις οὐδʼ ἅμα πράττεσθαι δυναμένας. προῃρεῖτο γὰρ βασιλεῖ τε πολεμεῖν, καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους εἰς τὰς πόλεις τὰς αὑτῶν καταγαγεῖν καὶ κυρίους ποιῆσαι τῶν πραγμάτων. συνέβαινεν οὖν ἐκ μὲν τῆς πραγματείας τῆς ὑπὲρ τῶν ἑταίρων ἐν κακοῖς καὶ κινδύνοις εἶναι τοὺς Ἕλληνας, διὰ δὲ τὴν ταραχὴν τὴν ἐνθάδε γιγνομένην μὴ σχολὴν ἄγειν μηδὲ δύνασθαι πολεμεῖν τοῖς βαρβάροις. [¶32] 88. So from the mistakes of inadvertence at that time it is easy to draw the lesson that those who would take sane counsel must not begin a war against the King until someone has composed the quarrels of the Hellenes and has cured them of the madness which now afflicts them. And this is just what I have advised you to do. > Greek: 88. ὥστʼ ἐκ τῶν ἀγνοηθέντων κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον ῥᾴδιον καταμαθεῖν ὅτι δεῖ τοὺς ὀρθῶς βουλευομένους μὴ πρότερον ἐκφέρειν πρὸς βασιλέα πόλεμον, πρὶν ἂν διαλλάξῃ τις τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ παύσῃ τῆς μανίας τῆς νῦν αὐτοῖς ἐνεστώσης· ἅ περ καὶ σοὶ συμβεβουλευκότες τυγχάνομεν. [¶33] 89. On these points no man of intelligence would venture to contradict me. But I think that if any of the others should be prompted to advise you in favor of the expedition against Asia, they would resort to a plea of this kind: that it has been the fortune of all who have undertaken a war against the King, without exception, to rise from obscurity to brilliant distinction, from poverty to wealth, and from low estate to be masters of many lands and cities. > Greek: 89. περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων οὐδεὶς ἂν ἀντειπεῖν τῶν εὖ φρονούντων τολμήσειεν· οἶμαι δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων εἴ τισι δόξειε περὶ τῆς στρατείας τῆς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν συμβουλεύειν, ἐπὶ ταύτην ἂν ἐπιπεσεῖν τὴν παράκλησιν, λέγοντας ὡς ὅσοι περ ἐπεχείρησαν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα πολεμεῖν, ἅπασι συνέπεσεν ἐξ ἀδόξων μὲν γενέσθαι λαμπροῖς, ἐκ πενήτων δὲ πλουσίοις, ἐκ ταπεινῶν δὲ πολλῆς χώρας καὶ πόλεων δεσπόταις. [¶34] 90. I, however, am not going to urge you on such grounds, but by the example of men who were looked upon as failures: I mean those who took the field with Cyrus and Clearchus. Every one agrees that these won as complete a victory in battle over all the forces of the King as if they had come to blows with their womenfolk, but that at the very moment when they seemed to be masters of the field they failed of success, owing to the impetuosity of Cyrus. For he in his exultation rushed in pursuit far in advance of the others; and, being caught in the midst of the enemy, was killed. > Greek: 90. ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων μέλλω σε παρακαλεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἠτυχηκέναι δοξάντων, λέγω δʼ ἐκ τῶν μετὰ Κύρου καὶ Κλεάρχου συστρατευσαμένων. ἐκείνους γὰρ ὁμολογεῖται νικῆσαι μὲν μαχομένους ἅπασαν τὴν βασιλέως δύναμιν τοσοῦτον, ὅσον περ ἂν εἰ ταῖς γυναιξὶν αὐτῶν συνέβαλον, ἤδη δʼ ἐγκρατεῖς δοκοῦντας εἶναι τῶν πραγμάτων διὰ τὴν Κύρου προπέτειαν ἀτυχῆσαι· περιχαρῆ γὰρ αὐτὸν ὄντα καὶ διώκοντα πολὺ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ἐν μέσοις γενόμενον τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀποθανεῖν. [¶35] 91. But the King, not withstanding that his foes had suffered so severe a loss, felt so thorough a contempt for his own forces that he invited Clearchus and the other captains to a parley, promising to give them great gifts and to pay their soldiers their wages in full and to give them safe convoy home; then, having lured them by such prospects, and having assured them by the most solemn pledges known to the Persians, he seized them and put them to death, deliberately choosing to outrage the gods rather than risk a clash with our soldiers, bereft though they now were of Cyrus’s aid. And what challenge could be nobler or more convincing than this? > Greek: 91. ἀλλʼ ὅμως τηλικαύτης συμφορᾶς συμπεσούσης οὕτω σφόδρα κατεφρόνησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς περὶ αὑτὸν δυνάμεως, ὥστε προκαλεσάμενος Κλέαρχον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἡγεμόνας εἰς λόγον ἐλθεῖν, καὶ τούτοις μὲν ὑπισχνούμενος μεγάλας δωρεὰς δώσειν, τοῖς δʼ ἄλλοις στρατιώταις ἐντελῆ τὸν μισθὸν ἀποδοὺς ἀποπέμψειν, τοιαύταις ἐλπίσιν ὑπαγαγόμενος, καὶ πίστεις δοὺς τῶν ἐκεῖ νομιζομένων τὰς μεγίστας, συλλαβὼν αὐτοὺς ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ μᾶλλον εἵλετο περὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ἐξαμαρτεῖν ἢ τοῖς στρατιώταις οὕτως ἐρήμοις οὖσι συμβαλεῖν. [¶36] 92. For it is evident that, if it had not been for Cyrus, even that army would have overthrown the power of the King. But for you it is easy both to guard against the disaster which befell at that time and to equip yourself with an armament much stronger than that which defeated the forces of the King. How, then, since you possess both these advantages, can you fail to undertake this expedition with all confidence? > Greek: 92. ὥστε τίς ἂν γένοιτο παράκλησις ταύτης καλλίων καὶ πιστοτέρα; φαίνονται γὰρ κἀκεῖνοι κρατήσαντες ἂν τῶν βασιλέως πραγμάτων, εἰ μὴ διὰ Κῦρον. σοὶ δὲ τήν τʼ ἀτυχίαν τὴν τότε γεγενημένην οὐ χαλεπὸν φυλάξασθαι, τοῦ τε στρατοπέδου τοῦ κρατήσαντος τὴν ἐκείνου δύναμιν ῥᾴδιον πολὺ κρεῖττον κατασκευάσασθαι. καίτοι τούτων ἀμφοτέρων ὑπαρξάντων πῶς οὐ χρὴ θαρρεῖν ποιούμενον τὴν στρατείαν ταύτην; [¶37] 93. And let no one suppose that I desire to conceal the fact that I have in some instances expressed myself in the same manner as upon a former occasion. For, coming to the same thoughts, I have preferred not to go through the effort of striving to phrase differently what has already been well expressed. It is true that if I were making an epideictic speech I should try to avoid scrupulously all such repetitions; > Greek: 93. καὶ μηδεὶς ὑπολάβῃ με βούλεσθαι λαθεῖν, ὅτι τούτων ἔνια πέφρακα τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὅν περ πρότερον. ἐπιστὰς γὰρ ἐπὶ τὰς αὐτὰς διανοίας εἱλόμην μὴ πονεῖν γλιχόμενος τὰ δεδηλωμένα καλῶς ἑτέρως εἰπεῖν· καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν ἐπίδειξιν ἐποιούμην, ἐπειρώμην ἂν ἅπαντα τὰ τοιαῦτα διαφεύγειν, σοὶ δὲ συμβουλεύων μωρὸς ἂν ἦν, εἰ περὶ τὴν λέξιν πλείω χρόνον διέτριβον ἢ περὶ τὰς πράξεις, ἔτι δʼ εἰ τοὺς ἄλλους ὁρῶν τοῖς ἐμοῖς χρωμένους αὐτὸς μόνος ἀπειχόμην τῶν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ πρότερον εἰρημένων. [¶38] 94. but now that I am urging my views upon you, I should have been foolish if I had spent more time on the style than on the subject matter, and if, furthermore, seeing that the other orators make free with my writings, I alone had abstained from what I have said in the past. So, then, I may perhaps be allowed to use what is my own, if at any time I am greatly pressed and find it suitable, although I would not now any more than in times past appropriate anything from the writings of other men. We may, then, regard these points as settled. But next in order I think that I should speak of the war-strength which will he available to you as compared with that which Clearchus and his followers had. First and most important of all, you will have the good will of the Hellenes if you choose to abide by the advice which I have given you concerning them; they, on the other hand, found the Hellenes intensely hostile because of the decarchies which the Lacedaemonians had set up; for the Hellenes thought that, if Cyrus and Clearchus should succeed, their yoke would be heavier still, but that if the King conquered they would be delivered from their present hardships; and this is just what did happen to them. > Greek: 94. τοῖς μὲν οὖν οἰκείοις τυχὸν ἂν χρησαίμην, ἤν που σφόδρα κατεπείγῃ καὶ πρέπῃ, τῶν δʼ ἀλλοτρίων οὐδὲν ἂν προσδεξαίμην, ὥσπερ οὐδʼ ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι χρόνῳ. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οὕτως· δοκεῖ δέ μοι μετὰ ταῦτα περὶ τῆς παρασκευῆς διαλεκτέον εἶναι τῆς τε σοὶ γενησομένης καὶ τῆς ἐκείνοις ὑπαρξάσης. τὸ μὲν τοίνυν μέγιστον, σὺ μὲν τοὺς Ἕλληνας εὔνους ἕξεις, ἤν περ ἐθελήσῃς ἐμμεῖναι τοῖς περὶ τούτων εἰρημένοις, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διὰ τὰς δεκαδαρχίας τὰς ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ὡς οἷόν τε δυσμενεστάτους. ἡγοῦντο γὰρ Κύρου μὲν καὶ Κλεάρχου κατορθωσάντων μᾶλλον ἔτι δουλεύσειν, βασιλέως δὲ κρατήσαντος ἀπαλλαγήσεσθαι τῶν κακῶν τῶν παρόντων· ὅ περ καὶ συνέπεσεν αὐτοῖς. [¶39] 96. Besides, you will find as many soldiers at your service as you wish, for such is now the state of affairs in Hellas that it is easier to get together a greater and stronger army from among those who wander in exile than from those who live under their own polities. But in those days there was no body of professional soldiers, and so, being compelled to collect mercenaries from the several states, they had to spend more money on bounties for their recruiting agents than on pay for the troops. > Greek: 96. καὶ μὴν καὶ στρατιώτας σὺ μὲν ἐξ ἑτοίμου λήψει τοσούτους ὅσους ἂν βουληθῇς· οὕτω γὰρ ἔχει τὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, ὥστε ῥᾷον εἶναι συστῆσαι στρατόπεδον μεῖζον καὶ κρεῖττον ἐκ τῶν πλανωμένων ἢ τῶν πολιτευομένων· ἐν ἐκείνοις δὲ τοῖς χρόνοις οὐκ ἦν ξενικὸν οὐδέν, ὥστʼ ἀναγκαζόμενοι ξενολογεῖν ἐκ τῶν πόλεων πλέον ἀνήλισκον εἰς τὰς διδομένας τοῖς συλλέγουσι δωρεὰς ἢ τὴν εἰς τοὺς στρατιώτας μισθοφοράν. [¶40] 97. And, lastly, if we should be inclined to make a careful review of the two cases and institute a comparison between you, who are to be at the head of the present expedition and to decide on every measure, and Clearchus, who was in charge of the enterprise of that day, we should find that he had never before been in command of any force whatever on either land or sea and yet attained renown from the misfortune which befell him on the continent of Asia; > Greek: 97. καὶ μὴν εἰ βουληθεῖμεν ἐξετάσαι καὶ παραβαλεῖν σέ τε τὸν νῦν ἡγησόμενον τῆς στρατείας καὶ βουλευσόμενον περὶ ἁπάντων καὶ Κλέαρχον τὸν ἐπιστατήσαντα τῶν τότε πραγμάτων, εὑρήσομεν ἐκεῖνον μὲν οὐδεμιᾶς πώποτε δυνάμεως πρότερον οὔτε ναυτικῆς οὔτε πεζῆς καταστάντα κύριον, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῆς ἀτυχίας τῆς συμβάσης αὐτῷ περὶ τὴν ἤπειρον ὀνομαστὸν γενόμενον, σὲ δὲ τοσαῦτα καὶ τηλικαῦτα τὸ μέγεθος διαπεπραγμένον· [¶41] 98. while you, on the contrary, have succeeded in so many and such mighty achievements that if I were making them the subject of a speech before another audience, I should do well to recount them, but, since I am addressing myself to you, you would rightly think it senseless and gratuitous in me to tell you the story of your own deeds. > Greek: 98. περὶ ὧν εἰ μὲν πρὸς ἑτέρους τὸν λόγον ἐποιούμην, καλῶς ἂν εἶχε διελθεῖν, πρὸς σὲ δὲ διαλεγόμενος, εἰ τὰς σὰς πράξεις σοι διεξιοίην, δικαίως ἂν ἀνόητος ἅμα καὶ περίεργος εἶναι δοκοίην. [¶42] 99. It is well for me to speak to you also about the two Kings, the one against whom I am advising you to take the field, and the one against whom Clearchus made war, in order that you may know the temper and the power of each. In the first place, the father of the present King once defeated our city and later the city of the Lacedaemonians, while this King has never overcome anyone of the armies which have been violating his territory. > Greek: 99. ἄξιον δὲ μνησθῆναι καὶ τῶν βασιλέων ἀμφοτέρων, ἐφʼ ὃν σοί τε συμβουλεύω στρατεύειν καὶ πρὸς ὃν Κλέαρχος ἐπολέμησεν, ἵνʼ ἑκατέρου τὴν γνώμην καὶ τὴν δύναμιν εἰδῇς. ὁ μὲν τοίνυν τούτου πατὴρ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἡμετέραν καὶ πάλιν τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων κατεπολέμησεν, οὗτος δʼ οὐδενὸς πώποτε τῶν στρατευμάτων τῶν τὴν χώραν αὐτοῦ λυμαινομένων ἐπεκράτησεν. [¶43] 100. Secondly, the former took the whole of Asia from the Hellenes by the terms of the Treaty; while this King is so far from exercising dominion over others that he is not in control even of the cities which were surrendered to him; and such is the state of affairs that there is no one who is not in doubt what to believe—whether he has given them up because of his cowardice, or whether they have learned to despise and contemn the power of the barbarians. > Greek: 100. ἔπειθʼ ὁ μὲν τὴν Ἀσίαν ἅπασαν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις ἐξέλαβεν, οὗτος δὲ τοσούτου δεῖ τῶν ἄλλων ἄρχειν, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ τῶν ἐκδοθεισῶν αὐτῷ πόλεων ἐγκρατής ἐστιν. ὥστʼ οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἂν ἀπορήσειε, πότερα χρὴ νομίζειν τοῦτον αὐτῶν ἀφεστάναι διʼ ἀνανδρίαν, ἢ ʼκείνας ὑπερεωρακέναι καὶ καταπεφρονηκέναι τῆς βαρβαρικῆς δυναστείας. [¶44] 101. Consider, again, the state of affairs in his empire. Who could hear the facts and not be spurred to war against him? Egypt was, it is true, in revolt even when Cyrus made his expedition; but her people nevertheless were living in continual fear lest the King might some day lead an army in person and overcome the natural obstacles which, thanks to the Nile, their country presents, and all their military defenses as well. But now this King has delivered them from that dread; for after he had brought together and fitted out the largest force he could possibly raise and marched against them, he retired from Egypt not only defeated, but laughed at and scorned as unfit either to be a king or to command an army. > Greek: 101. τὰ τοίνυν περὶ τὴν χώραν ὡς διάκειται, τίς οὐκ ἂν ἀκούσας παροξυνθείη πολεμεῖν πρὸς αὐτόν; Αἴγυπτος γὰρ ἀφειστήκει μὲν καὶ κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον, οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ἐφοβοῦντο μή ποτε βασιλεὺς αὐτὸς ποιησάμενος στρατείαν κρατήσειε καὶ τῆς διὰ τὸν ποταμὸν δυσχωρίας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης παρασκευῆς ἁπάσης· νῦν δʼ οὗτος ἀπήλλαξεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ δέους τούτου. συμπαρασκευασάμενος γὰρ δύναμιν ὅσην οἷός τʼ ἦν πλείστην, καὶ στρατεύσας ἐπʼ αὐτούς, ἀπῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν οὐ μόνον ἡττηθείς, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταγελασθεὶς καὶ δόξας οὔτε βασιλεύειν οὔτε στρατηγεῖν ἄξιος εἶναι. [¶45] 102. Furthermore, Cyprus and Phoenicia and Cilicia, and that region from which the barbarians used to recruit their fleet, belonged at that time to the King, but now they have either revolted from him or are so involved in war and its attendant ills that none of these peoples is of any use to him; while to you, if you desire to make war upon him, they will be serviceable. > Greek: 102. τὰ τοίνυν περὶ Κύπρον καὶ Φοινίκην καὶ Κιλικίαν καὶ τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον, ὅθεν ἐχρῶντο ναυτικῷ, τότε μὲν ἦν βασιλέως, νῦν δὲ τὰ μὲν ἀφέστηκε, τὰ δʼ ἐν πολέμῳ καὶ κακοῖς τοσούτοις ἐστίν, ὥστʼ ἐκείνῳ μὲν μηδὲν εἶναι τούτων τῶν ἐθνῶν χρήσιμον, σοὶ δʼ, ἢν πολεμεῖν πρὸς αὐτὸν βουληθῇς, συμφόρως ἕξειν. [¶46] 103. And mark also that Idrieus, who is the most prosperous of the present rulers of the mainland, must in the nature of things be more hostile to the interests of the King than are those who are making open war against him; verily he would be of all men the most perverse if he did not desire the dissolution of that empire which outrages his brother, which made war upon himself, and which at all times has never ceased to plot against him in its desire to be master of his person and of all his wealth. > Greek: 103. καὶ μὴν Ἰδριέα γε τὸν εὐπορώτατον τῶν νῦν περὶ τὴν ἤπειρον προσήκει δυσμενέστερον εἶναι τοῖς βασιλέως πράγμασι τῶν πολεμούντων· ἢ πάντων γʼ ἂν εἴη σχετλιώτατος, εἰ μὴ βούλοιτο καταλελύσθαι ταύτην τὴν ἀρχήν, τὴν αἰκισαμένην μὲν τὸν ἀδελφόν, πολεμήσασαν δὲ πρὸς αὐτόν, ἅπαντα δὲ τὸν χρόνον ἐπιβουλεύουσαν καὶ βουλομένην τοῦ τε σώματος αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν χρημάτων ἁπάντων γενέσθαι κυρίαν. [¶47] 104. It is through fear of these things that he is now constrained to pay court to the King and to send him much tribute every year; but if you should cross over to the mainland with an army, he would greet you with joy, in the belief that you were come to his relief; and you will also induce many of the other satraps to throw off the King’s power if you promise them “freedom” and scatter broadcast over Asia that word which, when sown among the Hellenes, has broken up both our empire and that of the Lacedaemonians. > Greek: 104. ὑπὲρ ὧν δεδιὼς νῦν μὲν ἀναγκάζεται θεραπεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ χρήματα πολλὰ καθʼ ἕκαστον τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἀναπέμπειν· εἰ δὲ σὺ διαβαίης εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον, ἐκεῖνός τʼ ἂν ἄσμενος ἴδοι βοηθὸν ἥκειν αὑτῷ σε νομίζων, τῶν τʼ ἄλλων σατραπῶν πολλοὺς ἀποστήσεις, ἢν ὑπόσχῃ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τοὔνομα τοῦτο διασπείρῃς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν, ὅ περ εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας εἰσπεσὸν καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν καὶ τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχὴν κατέλυσεν.