20. removed like a cottage--(See on [Is 1:8]). Here, a hanging couch, suspended from the trees by cords, such as Niebuhr describes the Arab keepers of lands as having, to enable them to keep watch, and at the same time to be secure from wild beasts. Translate, "Shall wave to and fro like a hammock" swung about by the wind.
heavy upon it--like an overwhelming burden.
not rise again--not meaning, that it never would rise ([Is 24:23]), but in those convulsions it would not rise, it would surely fall.
21. host of ... high ones--the heavenly host, that is, either the visible host of heaven (the present economy of nature, affected by the sun, moon, and stars, the objects of idolatry, being abolished, [Is 65:17]; , simultaneously with the corrupt polity of men); or rather, "the invisible rulers of the darkness of this world," as the antithesis to "kings of the earth" shows. Angels, moreover, preside, as it were, over kingdoms of the world ([Da 10:13], 20, 21).
22. in the pit--rather, "for the pit" [Horsley]. "In the dungeon" [Maurer]. Image from captives thrust together into a dungeon.
prison--that is, as in a prison. This sheds light on the disputed passage, [1Pe 3:19], where also the prison is figurative: The "shutting up" of the Jews in Jerusalem under Nebuchadnezzar, and again under Titus, was to be followed by a visitation of mercy "after many days"--seventy years in the case of the former--the time is not yet elapsed in the case of the latter. Horsley takes "visited" in a bad sense, namely, in wrath, as in [Is 26:14]; compare [Is 29:6]; the punishment being the heavier in the fact of the delay. Probably a double visitation is intended, deliverance to the elect, wrath to hardened unbelievers; as [Is 24:23] plainly contemplates judgments on proud sinners, symbolized by the "sun" and "moon."
23. ([Jr 3:17]). Still future: of which Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem amidst hosannas was a pledge.
his ancients--the elders of His people; or in general, His ancient people, the Jews. After the overthrow of the world kingdoms. Jehovah's shall be set up with a splendor exceeding the light of the sun and moon under the previous order of things ([Is 60:19], ).
Chapter 25
Is 25:1-12. Continuation of the Twenty-fourth Chapter. Thanksgiving for the Overthrow of the Apostate Faction, and the Setting Up of Jehovah's Throne on Zion
The restoration from Babylon and re-establishment of the theocracy was a type and pledge of this.
1. wonderful--([Is 9:6]).
counsels of old--([Is 42:9]; ). Purposes planned long ago; here, as to the deliverance of His people.
truth--Hebrew, Amen; covenant-keeping, faithful to promises; the peculiar characteristic of Jesus ([Re 3:14]).
2. a city ... heap--Babylon, type of the seat of Antichrist, to be destroyed in the last days (compare [Jr 51:37], with [Re 18:1-24], followed, as here, by the song of the saints' thanksgiving in [Re 19:1-21]). "Heaps" is a graphic picture of Babylon and Nineveh as they now are.
palace--Babylon regarded, on account of its splendor, as a vast palace. But Maurer translates, "a citadel."
of strangers--foreigners, whose capital pre-eminently Babylon was, the metropolis of the pagan world. "Aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, strangers from the covenants of promise" ([Is 29:5]; [Ep 2:12]; see in contrast, [Joe 3:17]).
never be built--([Is 13:19], , &c.).
3. strong people--This cannot apply to the Jews; but other nations on which Babylon had exercised its cruelty ([Is 14:12]) shall worship Jehovah, awed by the judgment inflicted on Babylon ([Is 23:18]).
city--not Babylon, which shall then be destroyed, but collectively for the cities of the surrounding nations.
4. the poor ... needy--the Jews, exiles from their country ([Is 26:6]; ).
heat--calamity ([Is 4:6]; ).
blast--that is, wrath.
storm--a tempest of rain, a winter flood, rushing against and overthrowing the wall of a house.
5. Translate, "As the heat in a dry land (is brought down by the shadow of a cloud, so) thou shalt bring down the tumult (the shout of triumph over their enemies) of strangers (foreigners); and as the heat by the shadow of the cloud (is brought low), so the branch (the offspring) of the terrible ones shall be brought low." Parkhurst translates the Hebrew for "branch," the exulting song. Jerome translates the last clause, "And as when the heat burns under a cloud, thou shalt make the branch of the terrible ones to wither"; the branch withering even under the friendly shade of a cloud typifies the wicked brought to ruin, not for want of natural means of prosperity, but by the immediate act of God.
6. in this mountain--Zion: Messiah's kingdom was to begin, and is to have its central seat hereafter, at Jerusalem, as the common country of "all nations" ([Is 2:2], &c.).
all people--([Is 56:7]; [Da 7:14]; [Lu 2:10]).
feast--image of felicity ([Psa 22:26], ; [Mt 8:11]; [Lu 14:15]; [Re 19:9]; compare [Psa 36:8]; [87:1-7]).
fat things--delicacies; the rich mercies of God in Christ ([Is 55:2]; [Jr 31:14]; [Job 36:16]).
wines on the lees--wine which has been long kept on the lees; that is, the oldest and most generous wine ([Jr 48:11]).
marrow--the choicest dainties ([Psa 63:5]).
well refined--cleared of all dregs.
7. face of ... covering--image from mourning, in which it was usual to cover the face with a veil ([2Sa 15:30]). "Face of covering," that is, the covering itself; as in [Job 41:13], "the face of his garment," the garment itself. The covering or veil is the mist of ignorance as to a future state, and the way to eternal life, which enveloped the nations ([Ep 4:18]) and the unbelieving Jew ([2Co 3:15]). The Jew, however, is first to be converted before the conversion of "all nations"; for it is "in this mountain," namely, Zion, that the latter are to have the veil taken off ([Psa 102:13], 15, 16, 21, 22; [Ro 11:12]).
8. Quoted in [1Co 15:54], in support of the resurrection.
swallow up ... in victory--completely and permanently "abolish" ([2Ti 1:10]; [Re 20:14]; ; compare [Ge 2:17]; 3:22).
rebuke--(Compare [Mr 8:38]; [He 11:26]).
9. And it shall be said in that day, &c.--"After death has been swallowed up for ever, the people of God, who had been delivered from the hand of death, shall say to the Lord, Lo, this is our God, whom unbelievers regarded as only a man" [Jerome]. "The words are so moulded as to point us specially to the person of the Son of God, who 'saves' us; as He vouchsafed to Israel temporal saving, so to His elect He appears for the purpose of conferring eternal salvation" [Vitringa]. The Jews, however, have a special share in the words, This is our God (see on [Is 25:6]).
we have waited--"Waited" is characteristic of God's people in all ages ([Ge 49:18]; [Tit 2:13]).
we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation--compare [Psa 118:24], which refers to the second coming of Jesus (compare [Psa 118:26], with [Lu 13:35]).
10. rest--as its permanent protector; on "hand" in this sense; compare [Ezr 7:6], .
Moab--while Israel is being protected, the foe is destroyed; Moab is the representative of all the foes of God's people.
under him--Rather, "in his own place" or "country" ([Ex 10:23]; ).
for the dunghill--Rather, "in the water of the dung heap," in which straw was trodden to make it manure ([Psa 83:10]). Horsley translates either, "in the waters of Madmenah," namely, for the making of bricks; or as the Septuagint, "as the threshing-floor is trampled by the corn-drag" (see Margin; [Mi 4:11-13]).
11. he--Jehovah shall spread His hands to strike the foe on this side and on that, with as little effort as a swimmer spreads forth his arms to cleave a passage through the water [Calvin]. ([Zec 5:3]). Lowth takes "he" as Moab, who, in danger of sinking, shall strain every nerve to save himself; but Jehovah (and "he") shall cause him to sink ("bring down the pride" of Moab, [Is 16:6]).
with the spoils of ... hands--literally, "the craftily acquired spoils" of his (Moab's) hands [Barnes]. Moab's pride, as well as the sudden gripe of his hands (namely, whereby he tries to save himself from drowning) [Lowth]. "Together with the joints of his hands," that is, though Moab struggle against Jehovah hand and foot [Maurer].