8. thou shall be visited--in wrath, by God ([Is 29:6]). Probably there is allusion to [Is 24:21], , "The host of the high ones ... shall be gathered ... as prisoners ... in the pit ... and after many days shall they be visited." I therefore prefer English Version to Grotius rendering, "Thou shalt get the command" of the expedition. The "after many days" is defined by "in the latter years," that is, in the times just before the coming of Messiah, namely, under Antiochus, before His first coming; under Antichrist, before His second coming.
the mountains of Israel ... always waste--that is, waste during the long period of the captivity, the earnest of the much longer period of Judea's present desolation (to which the language "always waste" more fully applies). This marks the impious atrocity of the act, to assail God's people, who had only begun to recover from their protracted calamities.
but it is brought ... and they shall dwell--rather, "And they (the Israelites) were brought ... dwelt safely" [Fairbairn]. English Version means, "Against Israel, which has been waste, but which (that is, whose people) is now (at the time of the invasion) brought forth out of the nations where they were dispersed, and shall be found by the invader dwelling securely, so as to seem an easy prey to him."
9. cloud to cover the land--with the multitude of thy forces.
10. an evil thought--as to attacking God's people in their defenseless state.
11. dwell safely--that is, securely, without fear of danger (compare [Es 9:19]). Antiochus, the type of Antichrist, took Jerusalem without a blow.
12. midst of the land--literally, "the navel" of the land ([Jud 9:37], Margin). So, in [Eze 5:5], Israel is said to be set "in the midst of the nations"; not physically, but morally, a central position for being a blessing to the world: so (as the favored or "beloved city," [Re 20:9]) an object of envy. Grotius translates, "In the height of the land" (so [Eze 38:8]), "the mountains of Israel," Israel being morally elevated above the rest of the world.
13. Sheba, &c.--These mercantile peoples, though not taking an active part against the cause of God, are well pleased to see others do it. Worldliness makes them ready to deal in the ill-gotten spoil of the invaders of God's people. Gain is before godliness with them (1 Maccabees 3:41).
young lions--daring princes and leaders.
14. shalt thou not know it?--to thy cost, being visited with punishment, while Israel dwells safely.
16. I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me--So in [Ex 9:16], God tells Pharaoh, "For this cause have I raised thee up, for to show in thee My power; and that My name may be declared throughout all the earth."
17. thou he of whom I have spoken in old time--Gog, &c. are here identified with the enemies spoken of in other prophecies ([Nu 24:17-24]; [Is 27:1]; compare [Is 26:20], ; [Jr 30:23], ; [Joe 3:1]; [Mi 5:5], ; Is 14:12-14; 59:). God is represented as addressing Gog at the time of his assault; therefore, the "old time" is the time long prior, when Ezekiel uttered these prophecies; so, he also, as well as Daniel ([Da 11:1-45]) and Zechariah ([Zec 14:1-21]) are included among "the prophets of Israel" here.
many years--ago.
18. fury shall come up in my face--literally, "nose"; in Hebrew, the idiomatic expression for anger, as men in anger breathe strongly through the nostrils. Anthropopathy: God stooping to human modes of thought ([Psa 18:8]).
19. great shaking--an earthquake: physical agitations after accompanying social and moral revolutions. Foretold also in [Joe 3:16]; (compare [Hag 2:6], ; [Mt 24:7], ; [Re 16:18]).
20. fishes--disturbed by the fleets which I will bring.
fowls, &c.--frightened at the sight of so many men: an ideal picture.
mountains--that is, the fortresses on the mountains.
steep places--literally, "stairs" ([So 2:14]); steep terraces for vines on the sides of hills, to prevent the earth being washed down by the rains.
every wall--of towns.
21. every man's sword ... against his brother--I will destroy them partly by My people's sword, partly by their swords being turned against one another (compare [2Ch 20:23]).
22. plead--a forensic term; because God in His inflictions acts on the principles of His own immutable justice, not by arbitrary impulse ([Is 66:16]; [Jr 25:31]).
blood ... hailstones, fire--([Re 8:7]; ). The imagery is taken from the destruction of Sodom and the plagues of Egypt (compare [Psa 11:6]). Antiochus died by "pestilence" (2 Maccabees 9:5).
Chapter 39
Eze 39:1-29. Continuation of the Prophecy against Gog
1. Repeated from [Eze 38:3], to impress the prophecy more on the mind.
2. leave but the sixth part of thee--Margin, "strike thee with six plagues" (namely, pestilence, blood, overflowing rain, hailstones, fire, brimstone, [Eze 38:22]); or, "draw thee back with an hook of six teeth" ([Eze 38:4]), the six teeth being those six plagues. Rather, "lead thee about" [Ludovicus De Dieu and Septuagint]. As Antiochus was led (to his ruin) to leave Egypt for an expedition against Palestine, so shall the last great enemy of God be.
north parts--from the extreme north [Fairbairn].
3. bow--in which the Scythians were most expert.
4-5. (Compare [Eze 39:17-20]).
upon the mountains of Israel--The scene of Israel's preservation shall be that of the ungodly foe's destruction.
6. carelessly--in self-confident security.
the isles--Those dwelling in maritime regions, who had helped Gog with fleets and troops, shall be visited with the fire of God's wrath in their own lands.
7. not let them pollute my holy name--by their sins bringing down judgments which made the heathen think that I was unable or unwilling to save My people.
8. it is come ... it is done--The prediction of the salvation of My people, and the ruin of their enemy, is come to pass--is done: expressing that the event foretold is as certain as if it were already accomplished.
9-10. The burning of the foe's weapons implies that nothing belonging to them should be left to pollute the land. The seven years (seven being the sacred number) spent on this work, implies the completeness of the cleansing, and the people's zeal for purity. How different from the ancient Israelites, who left not merely the arms, but the heathen themselves, to remain among them [Fairbairn], ([Jud 1:27], ; [2:2, 3]; [Psa 106:34-36]). The desolation by Antiochus began in the one hundred and forty-first year of the Seleucidæ. From this date to 148, a period of six years and four months ("2300 days," [Da 8:14]), when the temple-worship was restored (1 Maccabees 4:52), God vouchsafed many triumphs to His people; from this time to the death of Antiochus, early in 149, a period of seven months, the Jews had rest from Antiochus, and purified their land, and on the twenty-fifth day of the ninth month celebrated the Encænia, or feast of dedication ([Joh 10:22]) and purification of the temple. The whole period, in round numbers, was seven years. Mattathias was the patriotic Jewish leader, and his third son, Judas, the military commander under whom the Syrian generals were defeated. He retook Jerusalem and purified the temple. Simon and Jonathan, his brothers, succeeded him: the independence of the Jews was secured, and the crown vested in the Asmonean family, in which it continued till Herod the Great.
11. place ... of graves--Gog found only a grave where he had expected the spoils of conquest.
valley--So vast were to be the masses that nothing but a deep valley would suffice for their corpses.
the passengers on the east of the sea--those travelling on the high road, east of the Dead Sea, from Syria to Petra and Egypt. The publicity of the road would cause many to observe God's judgments, as the stench (as English Version translates) or the multitude of graves (as Henderson translates, "it shall stop the passengers") would arrest the attention of passers-by. Their grave would be close to that of their ancient prototypes, Sodom and Gomorrah in the Dead Sea, both alike being signal instances of God's judgments.
13. I ... glorified--in destroying the foe ([Eze 28:22]).
14. with the passengers--The men employed continually in the burying were to be helped by those happening to pass by; all were to combine.
after the end of seven months shall they search--to see if the work was complete [Munster].
15. First "all the people of the land" engaged in the burying for seven months; then special men were employed, at the end of the seven months, to search for any still left unburied. The passers-by helped them by setting up a mark near any such bones, in order to keep others from being defiled by casually touching them, and that the buriers might come and remove them. Denoting the minute care to put away every relic of heathen pollution from the Holy Land.
16. A city in the neighborhood was to receive the name Hamonah, "multitude," to commemorate the overthrow of the multitudes of the foe [Henderson]. The multitude of the slain shall give a name to the city of Jerusalem after the land shall have been cleansed [Grotius]. Jerusalem shall be famed as the conqueror of multitudes.
17. ([Re 19:17]).