--- title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible" author: "Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown" languages: [en] shelf: "Commentaries" section: 503 of 927 url: https://scriptura.si/works/jamieson-fausset-brown-commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/503/ cite: "Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, section 503. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/jamieson-fausset-brown-commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/503/" --- # Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible *Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown* The Victorian standard commentary, critical and practical, from Genesis to Revelation. ## 503. Hosea · 6 of 13 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/jamieson-fausset-brown-commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/503/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/jamieson-fausset-brown-commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/503/#p-N [¶0] 9. company--"association" or guild of priests. [¶1] murder by consent--literally, "with one shoulder" (compare [Zep 3:9], Margin). The image is from oxen putting their shoulders together to pull the same yoke [Rivetus]. Maurer translates, "in the way towards Shechem." It was a city of refuge between Ebal and Gerizim; on Mount Ephraim ([Jos 20:7]; ), long the civil capital of Ephraim, as Shiloh was the religious capital; now called Naploos; for a time the residence of Jeroboam ([1Ki 12:25]). The priests there became so corrupted that they waylaid and murdered persons fleeing to the asylum for refuge [Henderson]; the sanctity of the place enhanced the guilt of the priests who abused their priestly privileges, and the right of asylum to perpetrate murders themselves, or to screen those committed by others [Maurer]. [¶2] commit lewdness--deliberate crime, presumptuous wickedness, from an Arabic root, "to form a deliberate purpose." [¶3] 10. horrible thing--([Jr 5:30]; ; ). [¶4] whoredom--idolatry. [¶5] 11. an harvest--namely, of judgments (as in [Jr 51:33]; [Joe 3:13]; [Re 14:15]). Called a "harvest" because it is the fruit of the seed which Judah herself had sown ([Ho 8:7]; ; [Job 4:8]; [Pr 22:8]). Judah, under Ahaz, lost a hundred twenty thousand "slain in one day (by Israel under Pekah), because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers." [¶6] when I returned the captivity of my people--when I, by Oded My prophet, caused two hundred thousand women, sons, and daughters, of Judah to be restored from captivity by Israel ([2Ch 28:6-15]). This prophecy was delivered under Pekah [Ludovicus De Dieu]. Maurer explains, When Israel shall have been exiled for its sins, and has been subsequently restored by Me, thou, Judah, also shalt be exiled for thine. But as Judah's punishment was not at the time when God restored Israel, Ludovicus De Dieu's explanation must be taken. Grotius translates, "When I shall have returned to make captive (that is, when I shall have again made captive) My people." The first captivity of Israel under Tiglath-pileser was followed by a second under Shalmaneser. Then came the siege of Jerusalem, and the capture of the fenced cities of Judah, by Sennacherib, the forerunner of other attacks, ending in Judah's captivity. But the Hebrew is elsewhere used of restoration, not renewed punishment ([De 30:3]; [Psa 14:7]). ### Chapter 7 ### Ho 7:1-16. Reproof of Israel [¶9] Probably delivered in the interreign and civil war at Pekah's death; for [Ho 7:7], "all their kings ... fallen," refers to the murder of Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah. In [Ho 7:8] the reference seems to be to Menahem's payment of tribute to Pul, in order to secure himself in the usurped throne, also to Pekah's league with Rezin of Syria, and to Hoshea's connection with Assyria during the interregnum at Pekah's death [Maurer]. [¶10] 1. I would have healed Israel--Israel's restoration of the two hundred thousand Jewish captives at God's command ([2Ch 28:8-15]) gave hope of Israel's reformation [Henderson]. Political, as well as moral, healing is meant. When I would have healed Israel in its calamitous state, then their iniquity was discovered to be so great as to preclude hope of recovery. Then he enumerates their wickedness: "The thief cometh in (indoors stealthily), and the troop of robbers spoileth without" (out-of-doors with open violence). [¶11] 2. consider not in their hearts--literally, "say not to," &c. ([Psa 14:1]). [¶12] that I remember--and will punish. [¶13] their own doings have beset them about--as so many witnesses against them ([Psa 9:16]; [Pr 5:22]). [¶14] before my face--([Psa 90:8]). [¶15] 3. Their princes, instead of checking, "have pleasure in them that do" such crimes ([Ro 1:32]). [¶16] 4. who ceaseth from raising--rather, "heating" it, from an Arabic root, "to be hot." So the Septuagint. Their adulterous and idolatrous lust is inflamed as the oven of a baker who has it at such a heat that he ceaseth from heating it only from the time that he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened; he only needs to omit feeding it during the short period of the fermentation of the bread. Compare [2Pe 2:14], "that cannot cease from sin" [Henderson]. [¶17] 5. the day of our king--his birthday or day of inauguration. [¶18] have made him sick--namely, the king. Maurer translates, "make themselves sick." [¶19] with bottles of wine--drinking not merely glasses, but bottles. Maurer translates, "Owing to the heat of wine." [¶20] he stretched out his hand with scorners--the gesture of revellers in holding out the cup and in drinking to one another's health. Scoffers were the king's boon companions. [¶21] 6. they have made ready--rather, "they make their heart approach," namely their king, in going to drink with him. [¶22] like an oven--following out the image in [Ho 7:4]. As it conceals the lighted fire all night while the baker sleeps but in the morning burns as a flaming fire, so they brood mischief in their hearts while conscience is lulled asleep, and their wicked designs wait only for a fair occasion to break forth [Horsley]. Their heart is the oven, their baker the ringleader of the plot. In [Ho 7:7] their plots appear, namely, the intestine disturbances and murders of one king after another, after Jeroboam II. [¶23] 7. all hot--All burn with eagerness to cause universal disturbance ([2Ki 15:1-38]). [¶24] devoured their judges--magistrates; as the fire of the oven devours the fuel. [¶25] all their kings ... fallen--See on [Ho 7:1]. [¶26] none ... calleth unto me--Such is their perversity that amid all these national calamities, none seeks help from Me ([Is 9:13]; ). [¶27] 8. mixed ... among the people--by leagues with idolaters, and the adoption of their idolatrous practices ([Ho 7:9], ; [Psa 106:35]). [¶28] Ephraim ... cake not turned--a cake burnt on one side and unbaked on the other, and so uneatable; an image of the worthlessness of Ephraim. The Easterners bake their bread on the ground, covering it with embers ([1Ki 19:6]), and turning it every ten minutes, to bake it thoroughly without burning it. [¶29] 9. Strangers--foreigners: the Syrians and Assyrians ([2Ki 13:7]; , ; [17:3-6]). [¶30] gray hairs--that is, symptoms of approaching national dissolution. [¶31] are here and there upon--literally, "are sprinkled on" him. [¶32] yet he knoweth not--Though old age ought to bring with it wisdom, he neither knows of his senile decay, nor has the true knowledge which leads to reformation. [¶33] 10. Repetition of [Ho 5:5]. [¶34] not return to ... Lord ... for all this--notwithstanding all their calamities ([Is 9:13]). [¶35] 11. like a silly dove--a bird proverbial for simplicity: easily deceived. [¶36] without heart--that is, understanding. [¶37] call to Egypt--Israel lying between the two great rival empires Egypt and Assyria, sought each by turns to help her against the other. As this prophecy was written in the reign of Hoshea, the allusion is probably to the alliance with So or Sabacho II (of which a record has been found on the clay cylindrical seals in Koyunjik), which ended in the overthrow of Hoshea and the deportation of Israel ([2Ki 17:3-6]). As the dove betrays its foolishness by fleeing in alarm from its nest only to fall into the net of the fowler, so Israel, though warned that foreign alliances would be their ruin, rushed into them. [¶38] 12. When they shall go--to seek aid from this or that foreign state. [¶39] spread my net upon them--as on birds taken on the ground ([Eze 12:13]), as contrasted with "bringing them down" as the "fowls of the heavens," namely, by the use of missiles. [¶40] as their congregation hath heard--namely, by My prophets through whom I threatened "chastisement" ([Ho 5:9]; [2Ki 17:13-18]). [¶41] 13. fled--as birds from their nest ([Pr 27:8]; [Is 16:2]). [¶42] me--who both could and would have healed them ([Ho 7:1]), had they applied to Me. [¶43] redeemed them--from Egypt and their other enemies ([Mi 6:4]). [¶44] lies--([Psa 78:36]; [Jr 3:10]). Pretending to be My worshippers, when they all the while worshipped idols ([Ho 7:14]; [Ho 12:1]); also defrauding Me of the glory of their deliverance, and ascribing it and their other blessings to idols [Calvin].