[1] Iggers and Wang Qingjia, A Global History of Modern Historiography: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present, translated by Yang Yu, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2011, p. 411. Compare Stearns, Global Civilization, translated by Zhao Yifeng, Wang Jinxin, and others, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2006; Pamela Kyle Crossley, What Is Global History?, translated by Liu Wenming, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2009.
[1] 伊格尔斯、王晴佳，《全球史学史：从18世纪至当代》，杨豫译，北京：北京大学出版社，2011，页411。比较斯特恩斯，《全球文明史》，赵轶峰、王晋新等译，北京：中华书局，2006；柯娇燕，《什么是全球史》，刘文明译，北京：北京大学出版社，2009。
[2] McNeill, The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, translated by Sun Yue and others, Beijing: CITIC Press, 2015, vol. 2, p. 843.
[2] 麦克尼尔，《西方的兴起：人类共同体史》，孙岳等译，北京：中信出版社，2015，下册，页843。
[3] Schmitt, The Nomos of the Earth, translated by Liu Yi and others, Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2017. All subsequent references to this book give page numbers in the text.
[3] 施米特，《大地的法》，刘毅等译，上海：上海人民出版社，2017（以下凡引此书随文注页码）。
[4] Ranke, The Secret of World History, edited by Rogers Wines, translated by Yi Lan, Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2012, p. 161.
[4] 兰克，《世界历史的秘密》，文斯（Rogers Wines）编，易兰译，上海：复旦大学出版社，2012，页161。
[5] Mackinder, The Geographical Pivot of History, translated by Lin Erwei and Chen Jiang, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2007/2010. Hereafter abbreviated as The Pivot, with page numbers given in the text.
[5] 麦金德，《历史的地理枢纽》，林尔慰、陈江译，北京：商务印书馆，2007/2010（以下简称“《枢纽》”，随文注页码）。
[6] Burke, The Clash of Civilizations: War and the Formation of the European State System, translated by Wang Jinxin, Shanghai: Shanghai Joint Publishing Company, 2010, p. 161.
[6] 伯克，《文明的冲突：战争与欧洲国家体制的形成》，王晋新译，上海：上海三联书店，2010，页161。
[7] Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992, translated by Wei Hongzhong, Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2012, p. 81.
[7] 蒂利，《强制、资本和欧洲国家：公元990 - 1992年》，魏洪钟译，上海：上海人民出版社，2012，页81。
[8] Felix Gilbert, The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present, London, 1970; compare Felix Gilbert, “Bernardo Rucellai and the Orti Oricellari: A Study on the Origin of Modern Political Thought,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, vol. 12, 1949, pp. 101–31.
[8] Felix Gilbert，The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present，London，1970；比较Felix Gilbert，“Bernardo Rucellai and the Orti Oricellari: A Study on the Origin of Modern Political Thought”，刊于Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes，Volume 12，1949，p. 101 - 131。
[9] Wills, 1688: A Global History—China and the World in an Extraordinary Year, translated by Wen Hao and others, Beijing: New World Press, 2011, pp. 3–4.
[9]韦尔斯，《1688年的全球史：一个非凡年代里的中国与世界》，文昊等译，北京：新世界出版社，2011，页3 - 4。
[10] See Vitoria, “On the American Indians,” in the collection edited by Brown and others, translated by Wang Wen and others, Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2012, pp. 164–70.
[10] 参见维多利亚，《论美洲的印第安人》，见布朗等编，王文等译，上海：上海人民出版社，2012，页164 – 170。
[11] Compare Zhang Yunlei, Legislating for War: A Study of Grotius's Philosophy of International Relations, Beijing: Central Compilation and Translation Press, 2017.
[11] 比较张云雷，《为战争立法：格劳修斯国际关系哲理研究》，北京：中央编译出版社，2017。
[12] Schmitt, The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes, translated by Ying Xing and Zhu Yanbing, Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2008, pp. 86–87.
[12] 施米特，《霍布斯国家学说中的利维坦》，应星、朱雁冰译，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2008，页86 - 87。
[13] Since Locke's influence on modern international political thought has long been seriously underestimated, Armitage devotes sixty pages of his celebrated work to Locke but only seventeen to Hobbes. See Armitage, Foundations of Modern International Thought, translated by Chen Maohua, Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, pp. 80–139.
[13] 由于洛克对现代国际政治思想的影响长期以来被严重低估，阿米蒂奇在其名著中用了60页篇幅论析洛克，而论析霍布斯仅用了17页。参见阿米蒂奇，《现代国际思想的根基》，陈茂华译，杭州：浙江大学出版社，页80 - 139。
[14] Schmitt, Positions and Concepts, translated by Zhu Yanbing, Shanghai: Shanghai Publishing House, 2009/2015, pp. 114–25, 212–33.
[14] 施米特，《论断与概念》，朱雁冰译，上海：上海出版社，2009 / 2015，页114 – 125，212 - 233。
[15] See Liu Xiaofeng and Wen Yuwei, eds., Schmitt and the Poets of a Fractured Age, translated by An Ni, Wen Yuwei, and others, Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2019.
[15] 参见刘小枫、温玉伟编，《施米特与破碎时代的诗人》，安妮、温玉伟等译，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2019。
[16] See Zhou Ning, The Distant Celestial Empire: Studies of Western Images of China, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2006, pp. 48, 164–66.
[16] 参见周宁，《天朝遥远：西方的中国形象研究》，北京：北京大学出版社，2006，页48，164 - 166。
[17] Ratzel, “The Frontier as a Peripheral Organism,” in Zhang Shiming and others, eds., Space, Law, and Academic Discourse: Classic Texts of Western Frontier Theory, Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press, 2014, pp. 121–49.
[17] 拉策尔，《作为边缘机体的边疆》，见张世明等主编，《空间、法律与学术话语：西方边疆理论经典文献》，哈尔滨：黑龙江教育出版社，2014，页121 – 149。
[18] Compare Qi Qizhang, The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95 from the Perspective of International Law, Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2000.
[18] 比较戚其章，《国际法视角下的甲午战争》，北京：人民出版社，2000。
[19] Compare Shinoda, Rethinking Sovereignty: From Classical Theory to the Global Age, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2005, pp. 29–72.
[19] 比较篠田英朝，《重新审视主权：从古典理论到全球时代》，北京：商务印书馆，2005，页29 - 72。
[20] See Wang Jianlang, China's Path to the Abolition of the Unequal Treaties, Nanchang: Jiangxi People's Publishing House, 2000; Wang Dong, China's Unequal Treaties: Narrating National Humiliation and National History, Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2011.
[20] 参见王建朗，《中国废除不平等条约的历程》，南昌：江西人民出版社，2000；王栋，《中国的不平等条约：国耻与民族历史叙述》，上海：复旦大学出版社，2011。
[21] Lin Xuezhong, From International Public Law to Public-Law Diplomacy: The Introduction, Interpretation, and Application of International Law in Late Qing China, Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House, 2009, p. 398.
[21] 林学忠，《从万国公法到公法外交：晚清国际法的传入、诠释与应用》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2009，页398。
[22] See the relevant contributions to the debate published in Modern Chinese History Studies between 1999 and 2002.
[22] 参见1999年至2002年发表在《近代史研究》上的相关论争文。
[23] Lai Junnan, International Law and Late Qing China, Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2015, pp. 48–50.
[23] 赖骏楠，《国际法与晚清中国》，上海：上海人民出版社，2015，页48 - 50。
[24] Tang Qihua, The Beiyang History of Treaty Revision Obscured by the “Abolition of Unequal Treaties”: 1912–1928, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2010, p. 7. Hereafter abbreviated as Treaty Revision, with page numbers given in the text.
[24] 唐启华，《被“废除不平等条约”遮蔽的北洋修约史：1912 - 1928》，北京：社科文献出版社， 2010，页7（以下简称《修约史》，随文注页码）。
[25] Compare Xu Guoqi, China and the Great War: China's Pursuit of a New National Identity and Internationalization, translated by Ma Jianbiao, Shanghai: Shanghai Joint Publishing Company, 2010, pp. 2–15, 258–88; Hou Zhongjun, Chinese Diplomacy and the First World War, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2017.
[25] 比较徐国琦，《中国与大战：寻求新的国家认同与国际化》，马建标译，上海：上海三联书店， 2010，页2 – 15，258 – 288；侯中军，《中国外交与第一次世界大战》，北京：社科文献出版社，2017。
[26] See Wang Jingze and Li Deshan, eds., A History of China's Northeastern Frontier, Changchun: Jilin Literature and History Press, 2011.
[26] 参见王景泽、李德山主编，《中国东北边疆史》，长春：吉林文史出版社，2011。
[27] Quoted in Lin Xuezhong, From International Public Law to Public-Law Diplomacy: The Introduction, Interpretation, and Application of International Law in Late Qing China, cited above, pp. 231–32. On the relationship between the concept of “civilization” and international law, see Lai Junnan's concise and lucid discussion in International Law and Late Qing China, cited above, pp. 27–43, 165–69.
[27]转引自林学忠，《从万国公法到公法外交：晚清国际法的传入、诠释与应用》，前揭，页231 - 232。关于“文明”观念与国际法的关系，参见赖骏楠简洁而又明晰的论述，赖骏楠，《国际法与晚清中国》，前揭，页27 – 43，165 – 169。
[28] Compare Xiang Lanxin, The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study, Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2003.
[28] 比较相蓝欣，《义和团战争的起源：跨国研究》，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2003。
[29] Lattimore, Solution in Asia, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1962, pp. 9–10.
[29] 拉铁摩尔，《亚洲的决策》，北京：商务印书馆，1962，页9 - 10。
[30] Compare Wada Haruki, The Russo-Japanese War, translated by Yi Aihua and Zhang Jian, Beijing: Joint Publishing Company, 2018.
[30] 比较和田春树，《日俄战争》，易爱华、张剑译，北京：三联书店，2018。
[31] Voegelin, Religion and the Rise of Modernity, translated by Huo Weian, Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2009, pp. 155–56.
[31] 沃格林，《宗教与现代性的兴起》，霍伟岸译，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2009 ，页155 - 156。
[32] See Mei Xiao'ao and Mei Xiaokan, eds., Mei Ruao's Writings on the Tokyo Trial, Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2013.
[32] 参见梅小璈、梅小侃编，《梅汝璈东京审判文稿》，上海：上海交通大学出版社，2013。
[33] See William C. Kirby, Germany and Republican China, translated by Chen Qianping and others, Beijing: China Youth Press, 1994; Wang Xiaohua and Zhang Qingjun, Chiang Kai-shek and Hitler: The Honeymoon in Sino-German Relations, 1927–1938, Xiamen: Taihai Publishing House, 2012.
[33] 参见柯伟林，《蒋介石政府与纳粹德国》，陈谦平等译，北京：中国青年出版社，1994；王晓华、张庆军，《蒋介石与希特勒：1927 - 1938中德关系的蜜月时期》，厦门：台海出版社，2012。
[34] Compare Kindermann, China and the Rise of East Asia: 1840–2000, translated by Zhang Ying and others, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2010, pp. 27–34.
[34] 比较金德曼，《中国与东亚崛起：1840 - 2000》，张莹等译，北京：社科文献出版社，2010，页27 - 34。
[35] Compare Akira Iriye and Warren I. Cohen, eds., The Great Transformation: The United States and East Asia, 1931–1949, Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1991/1997.
[35]比较入江昭、孔华润编，《巨大的转变：美国与东亚（1931 - 1949）》，上海：复旦大学出版，1991 / 1997。
[36] Isserman, The Korean War through American Eyes, translated by Chen Yushu, Beijing: Contemporary China Publishing House, 2006, p. 11.
[36] 艾泽曼，《美国人眼中的朝鲜战争》，陈昱澍译，北京：当代中国出版社，2006，页11。
[37] Snyder, Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Expansion, translated by Yu Tiejun and others, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2006, pp. 309–16.
[37] 斯奈德，《帝国的迷思：国内政治与对外扩张》，于铁军等译，北京：北京大学出版社，2006，页309 - 316。
[38] Lei Haizong, “The Background to American Imperialism's ‘Open Door Policy toward China,’” in Wang Dunshu, ed., Collected Writings of Lei Haizong on World History, Tianjin: Tianjin People's Publishing House, 2014, pp. 269–82.
[38] 雷海宗，《美帝“中国门户开放政策”的背景》，见王敦书编，《雷海宗世界史文集》，天津：天津人民出版社，2014，页269 - 282。
[39] Lei Haizong, Chinese Culture and the Chinese Soldier, Tianjin: Tianjin People's Publishing House, 2016.
[39] 雷海宗，《中国文化与中国的兵》，天津：天津人民出版社，2016。
[40] Hicks, “Hegel on International Law, International Relations, and the Possibility of a World Community,” in Qiu Libo, ed. and trans., Hegel and Universal Order, Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2009, p. 72; compare Avineri, Hegel's Theory of the Modern State, translated by Zhu Xueping and Wang Xingsai, Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2016, pp. 247–64.
[40] 希克斯，《黑格尔论国际法、国际关系与世界共同体的可能性》，邱立波编/译，《黑格尔与普世秩序》，北京：华夏出版社，2009，页72；比较阿维拉瑞，《黑格尔的现代国家理论》，朱学平、王兴赛译，北京：知识产权出版社，2016，页247 - 264。
[41] Yang Kuisong, Revolution in the “Intermediate Zone”: Understanding the Chinese Communist Party's Success in Its International Context, Taiyuan: Shanxi People's Publishing House, 2010, p. 517.
[41] 杨奎松，《“中间地带”的革命：国际大背景下看中共成功之道》，太原：山西人民出版社，2010，页517。