---
title: "History of Rome, Books XXXI–XL · Ab urbe condita XXXI–XL"
author: "Livy"
translator: "Evan T. Sage and Alfred C. Schlesinger"
languages: [la, en]
shelf: "Classical Latin"
section: 44 of 45
url: https://scriptura.si/works/livy-history-of-rome-3/44/
cite: "Livy, tr. Evan T. Sage and Alfred C. Schlesinger, History of Rome, Books XXXI–XL · Ab urbe condita XXXI–XL, section 44. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/livy-history-of-rome-3/44/"
---

# History of Rome, Books XXXI–XL · Ab urbe condita XXXI–XL

*Livy, tr. Evan T. Sage and Alfred C. Schlesinger*

Rome turns east: Philip V of Macedon beaten at Cynoscephalae, the freedom of the Greeks, Antiochus the Great, the Bacchanalia scandal and the death of Hannibal.

> Latin: Livy, Ab urbe condita XXXI–XL, ed. Wilhelm Weissenborn and Hermann Johannes Müller, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-latinLit, phi0914.phi001.perseus-lat5, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: Evan T. Sage and Alfred C. Schlesinger, Livy (Loeb Classical Library), from the Perseus Digital Library (phi0914.phi001.perseus-eng1). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (books, chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 44. Book XL · chapters 35–45

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/livy-history-of-rome-3/44/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/livy-history-of-rome-3/44/#p-N

[¶0] 35.4. Quintus Fabius the praetor, by order of the senate, answered the Ligurians to the effect that this declaration on the part of the Ligurians was nothing new; but it was of the greatest importance to themselves that they should acquire a new disposition, consistent with their words. They should go to the consuls and do whatever was ordered by them. The senate, he said, would believe a statement from no one except the consuls that the Ligurians were at peace in genuine good faith. There was peace among the Ligurians. In Corsica there was a battle with the Corsicans: the praetor Marcus Pinarius killed about two thousand of them in pitched battle.

> Latin: 35.4. hi cum duo secunda proelia, deditionem Celtiberiae, confectam provinciam nuntiassent nec stipendio, quod mitti soleret, nec frumento portato ad exercitum in eum annum opus esse, petierunt ab senatu primum, ob res prospere gestas ut diis inmortalibus honos haberetur,

[¶1] 35.6. Under the compulsion of this disaster, they gave hostages and a hundred thousand pounds of wax. Thence Pinarius crossed to Sardinia and fought successfully with the Ilienses, a tribe not even to-day entirely pacified. One hundred hostages the same year were returned to the Carthaginians, and the Roman people kept the peace for them with regard to not only to themselves but also to King Masinissa, who was holding with an armed guard the land which was in dispute. XXXV. The consuls had a quiet province.

> Latin: 35.6. deinde ut Q. Fulvio decedenti de provincia deportare inde exercitum, cuius forti opera et ipse et multi ante eum praetores usi essent, liceret; quod fieri, praeterquam quod ita deberet, etiam prope necessarium esse:

[¶2] 35.7. Marcus Baebius, who had been recalled to Rome to hold the elections, announced the choice as consuls of Aulus Postumius Albinus Luscus and Gaius Calpurnius Piso. Next the praetors were elected, Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Lucius Postumius Albinus, Publius Cornelius Mammula, Tiberius Minucius Molliculus, Aulus Hostilius Mancinus, Gaius Maenius. All these magistrates were inaugurated on the Ides of March.

> Latin: 35.7. ita enim obstinatos esse milites, ut non ultra retineri posse in provincia viderentur, iniussuque abituri inde essent, si non dimitterentur, aut in perniciosam, si quis inpense retineret, seditionem exarsuri.

[¶3] 35.8. In the beginning of this year, the consular year of Aulus Postumius Albinus and Gaius Calpurnius Piso, the consul Aulus Postumius presented to the senate Lucius Minucius, a lieutenant, and two tribunes of the soldiers, Titus Maenius and Lucius Terentius Massiliota, who had come from Quintus Fulvius Flaccus in Nearer Spain. When they had reported the two victories, the submission of Celtiberia, and the accomplishment of the task assigned as his province, and had added that there was no need of the pay which was customarily sent or of the transportation of grain for the army for that year, they asked the senate, first, that honour should be paid to the immortal gods by reason of these successes and, second, that Quintus Fulvius, on his retirement from the province, should be authorized to bring away the army whose valiant services both he and many praetors before him had enjoyed. In addition to the fact that this was right, it was, they said, even almost necessary that this be done: for the soldiers were so set upon it that it seemed impossible to keep them in the province any longer, and it was probable that they would leave there without orders, if they were not discharged, or, if anyone tried to retain them too strictly, that they would flare up in a dangerous mutiny.

> Latin: 35.8. consulibus ambobus provinciam Ligures esse senatus iussit. praetores inde sortiti sunt: A. Hostilio urbana, Ti. Minucio peregrina obvenit, P. Cornelio Sicilia, C. Maenio Sardinia; Hispanias sortiti L. Postumius ulteriorem, Ti. Sempronius citeriorem. is quia successurus Q. Fulvio erat, ne vetere exercitu provincia spoliaretur, “quaero” inquit “de te, L. Minuci, cum confectam provinciam nunties, existimesne Celtiberos perpetuo in fide mansuros, ita ut sine exercitu ea provincia obtineri possit?

[¶4] 35.11. The senate decreed to both consuls the Ligurians as their province. Then the praetors cast lots: Aulus Hostilius received the civil jurisdiction, Tiberius Minucius that between citizens and aliens, Publius Cornelius Sicily, Gaius Maenius Sardinia. Lucius Postumius drew the lot for Farther Spain and Tiberius Sempronius for Nearer Spain. Since he was to succeed Quintus Fulvius, in order that his province might not be deprived of the veteran army, “I ask of you, Lucius Minucius,” he said, “since you report that the province is subjugated, whether you think that the Celtiberians will keep forever their pledge of loyalty, so that this province can be held without an army. If you can neither undertake nor assert anything to us about the loyalty of the barbarians, and think that under any conditions we must keep an army there, I ask whether you urge the senate to send replacements to Spain, so that only those troops who have completed their terms of service may be discharged and the recruits mingled with the veteran soldiers, or to withdraw the veteran legions from the province and enroll and send over new legions, although an army of recruits, being looked down upon by the enemy, can rouse to rebellion barbarians even more fully tamed than these?”

> Latin: 35.11. si neque de fide barbarorum quicquam recipere aut adfirmare nobis potes, et habendum illic utique exercitum censes, utrum tandem auctor senatui sis supplementum in Hispaniam mittendi, ut ii modo, quibus emerita stipendia sint, milites dimittantur, veteribus militibus tirones inmisceantur, an deductis de provincia veteribus legionibus novas conscribendi et mittendi, cum contemptum tirocinium etiam mitiores barbaros excitare ad rebellandum possit?

[¶5] 35.13. “It is easier to talk about than to accomplish-this subjugation of a province fierce by nature and rebellious. A few cities, as at least I hear, which the neighbourhood of the winter-quarters kept most completely under control, have come under our rule and sway; the more remote are in arms.”

> Latin: 35.13. dictu quam re facilius sit provinciam ingenio ferocem, rebellatricem confecisse. paucae civitates, ut quidem ego audio, quas vicina maxime hiberna premebant, in ius dicionemque venerunt, ulteriores in armis sunt.

[¶6] 35.14. “Since this is so, conscript Fathers, I declare to you here and now that I shall administer my office with the army that is now there; if Flaccus brings back with him his legions, I shall lead the troops into winter-quarters in pacified districts and shall expose no raw troops to a most warlike enemy.”

> Latin: 35.14. quae cum ita sint, ego iam hinc praedico, patres conscripti, me exercitu eo, qui nunc est, rem publicam administraturum; si deducat secum Flaccus legiones, loca pacata me ad hibernacula lecturum neque novum militem ferocissimo hosti obiecturum.”

[¶7] 36.1. To the question that had been put to him the lieutenant replied that neither he nor anyone else could predict what the Celtiberians had or would have in mind. Therefore he could not deny that it was entirely proper that an army should be sent to barbarians who, even though pacified, were not yet well accustomed to authority.

> Latin: 36.1. legatus ad ea, quae interrogatus erat, respondit neque se neque quemquam alium divinare posse, quid in animo Celtiberi haberent aut porro habituri essent.

[¶8] 36.2. But whether it was necessary to employ a new or an old army was for him to say who could know how loyally the Celtiberians would abide by the peace and who at the same time could assure himself that the soldiers would remain quiet if they were held longer in the province.

> Latin: 36.2. itaque negare non posse, quin rectius sit etiam ad pacatos barbaros, nondum satis adsuetos imperio, exercitum mitti.

[¶9] 36.3. If inferences could be drawn as to their views either from what they said to one another or from their exclamations while the commander was addressing them, he said that they had openly proclaimed that they would either keep the commander in the province or go to Italy with him.

> Latin: 36.3. novo autem an vetere exercitu opus sit, eius esse dicere, qui scire possit, qua fide Celtiberi in pace mansuri sint, simul et qui illud exploratum habeat, quieturos milites, si diutius in provincia retineantur.

[¶10] 36.4. This colloquy between the praetor and the lieutenant was interrupted by a motion by the consuls, who judged it proper that their provinces should be provided for before the question of an army for a praetor was raised.

> Latin: 36.4. si ex eo, quod aut inter se loquantur aut succlamationibus apud contionantem imperatorem significent, quid sentiant, coniectandum sit, palam vociferatos esse aut imperatorem in provincia retenturos aut cum eo in Italiam venturos esse.

[¶11] 36.5. An entire new army was decreed to the consuls, two Roman legions for each, with the appropriate cavalry, and of the allies of the Latin confederacy, as great a number as always, fifteen thousand infantry and eight hundred cavalry.

> Latin: 36.5. disceptationem inter praetorem legatumque consulum relatio interrupit, qui suas ornari provincias, priusquam de praetoris exercitu ageretur, aequum censebant.

[¶12] 36.6. With this army they were directed to make war upon the Ligurian Apuani. The imperium of Publius Cornelius and Marcus Baebius was prolonged, and they were ordered to hold the province until the arrival of the consuls; then it was directed that they discharge the armies which they had and return to Rome.

> Latin: 36.6. novus omnis exercitus consulibus est decretus, binae legiones Romanae cum suo equitatu et socium Latini nominis quantus semper numerus, quindecim milia peditum, octingenti equites.

[¶13] 36.7. Then the question of an army for Tiberius Sempronius was taken up. The consuls were directed to enlist for him a new legion of fifty-two hundred infantry and four hundred cavalry and in addition a thousand Roman infantry and fifty cavalry, and to levy upon the allies of the Latin confederacy for seven thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry. With this army it was the senate's pleasure that Tiberius Sempronius should go to Nearer Spain.

> Latin: 36.7. cum hoc exercitu Apuanis Liguribus ut bellum inferrent mandatum est. P. Cornelio et M. Baebio prorogatum imperium, iussique provincias obtinere, donec consules venissent; tum imperatum, ut dimisso, quem haberent, exercitu reverterentur Romam.

[¶14] 36.8. Permission was granted to Quintus Fulvius that those, whether Roman citizens or allies, who had been taken to Spain before the consulship of Spurius Postumius and Quintus Marcius, and, moreover, when the new drafts were added, in consequence of which addition there were in the two legions more than ten thousand four hundred infantry and six hundred cavalry and of the allies of the Latin confederacy more than twelve thousand infantry and six hundred cavalry, and specifically those whose valiant services Quintus Fulvius had enjoyed in the two battles with the Celtiberians, that all these,

> Latin: 36.8. de Ti. Semproni deinde exercitu actum est. novam legionem ei quinque milium et ducentorum peditum cum equitibus quadringentis consules scribere iussi, et mille praeterea peditum Romanorum, quinquaginta equites, et sociis nominis Latini imperare septem milia peditum, trecentos equites. cum hoc exercitu Ti. Sempronium ire in Hispaniam placuit citeriorem.

[¶15] 36.10. if he saw fit, he should bring back with him. Thanksgivings were also decreed because he had conducted the business of the state successfully. The other praetors too were sent to their provinces. The imperium of Quintus Fabius Buteo in Gaul was prolonged. It was decided that there should be only eight legions that year in addition to the veteran army which was among the Ligurians in the hope of an early discharge. And even this army was with difficulty raised on account of the pestilence which was now for the third year devastating the city of Rome and Italy.

> Latin: 36.10. Q. Fulvio permissum, ut, qui milites ante Sp. Postumium Q. Marcium consules cives Romani sociive in Hispaniam transportati essent, et praeterea supplemento adducto, quo amplius in duabus legionibus quam decem milia et quadringenti pedites, sexcenti equites essent, et socium Latini nominis duodecim milia, sexcenti equites, quorum forti opera duobus adversus Celtiberos proeliis usus Q. Fulvius esset, eos, si videretur, secum deportaret. et supplicationes decretae, quod is prospere rem publicam gessisset, et ceteri praetores in provincias missi. Q. Fabio Buteoni prorogatum in Gallia imperium est. octo legiones praeter exercitum veterem, qui in Liguribus in spe propinqua missionis erat, eo anno esse placuit. et is ipse exercitus aegre explebatur propter pestilentiam, quae tertium iam annum urbem Romanam atque Italiam vastabat.

[¶16] 37.1. The praetor Tiberius Minucius died and not much later the consul Gaius Calpurnius, and many other distinguished men of all ranks. Finally the disaster came to be regarded as a portent.

> Latin: 37.1. praetor Ti. Minucius et haud ita multo post consul C. Calpurnius moritur multique alii omnium ordinum inlustres viri.

[¶17] 37.2. Gaius Servilius the pontifex maximus was directed to inquire into the manner of averting the wrath of the gods and the decemvirs to look into the Books; the consul was ordered to vow gifts and to give gilded statues to Apollo, Aesculapius and Salus; these he vowed and gave.

> Latin: 37.2. postremo prodigii loco ea clades haberi coepta est. C. Servilius pontifex maximus piacula irae deum conquirere iussus, decemviri libros inspicere, consul Apollini Aesculapio Saluti dona vovere et dare signa inaurata;

[¶18] 37.3. The decemvirs proclaimed a two day period of prayer for health, not only in the City but in all the rural settlements and communities; all people above the age of twelve, wearing garlands and carrying laurel branches in their hands, made the supplication.

> Latin: 37.3. quae vovit deditque. decemviri supplicationem in biduum valetudinis causa in urbe et per omnia fora conciliabulaque edixerunt; maiores duodecim annis omnes coronati et lauream in manu tenentes supplicaverunt.

[¶19] 37.4. Moreover, the suspicion that human guilt was to blame had entered men's minds; and the investigation of the poisonings which had taken place in the City or nearer to it than ten miles was, by decree of the senate, entrusted to the praetor Gaius Claudius, who had been chosen to succeed Tiberius Minuicius, and beyond the tenth milestone throughout the rural settlements and communities, to Gaius Maenius before he departed for Sardinia. The death of the consul was especially suspicious.

> Latin: 37.4. fraudis quoque humanae insinuaverat suspicio animis; et veneficii quaestio ex senatus consulto, quod in urbe propiusve urbem decem milibus passuum esset commissum, C. Claudio praetori, qui in locum Ti. Minuci erat suffectus, ultra decimum lapidem per fora conciliabulaque C. Maenio, priusquam in Sardiniam provinciam traiceret, decreta.

[¶20] 37.5. He was said to have been killed by his wife Quarta Hostilia.

> Latin: 37.5. suspecta consulis erat mors maxime. necatus a Quarta Hostilia uxore dicebatur.

[¶21] 37.6. When indeed her son Quintus Fulvius Flaccus was proclaimed consul in place of his stepfather, the death of Piso began to cause many more ugly rumours; and witnesses came forth who said that after Albinus and Piso had been declared consuls at an election in which Flaccus had suffered defeat, Flaccus had been upbraided by his mother because this was now the third time that his candidacy for the consulship had been refused; let him, she had added, prepare to apply again: within two months she would bring it to pass that he should become consul.

> Latin: 37.6. ut quidem filius eius Q. Fulvius Flaccus in locum vitrici consul est declaratus, aliquanto magis infamis mors Pisonis coepit esse; et testes exsistebant, qui post declaratos consules Albinum et Pisonem, quibus comitiis Flaccus tulerat repulsam, et exprobratum ei a matre dicerent, quod iam ei tertium negatus consulatus petenti esset, et adiecisse, pararet se ad petendum;

[¶22] 37.7. Among much other testimony bearing on the case, this one speech, being all too well confirmed by the actual result, availed to bring about the conviction of Hostilia.

> Latin: 37.7. intra duos menses effecturam, ut consul fieret. inter multa alia testimonia ad causam pertinentia haec quoque vox, nimis vero eventu comprobata, valuit, cur Hostilia damnaretur.

[¶23] 37.8. In the beginning of this spring, while the levy was detaining the new consuls in Rome and then the death of one and the election to choose a new consul in his place had caused delay in all business of state, in the interval Publius Cornelius and Marcus Baebius, who had in their consulship done nothing worth recording, led the army against the Ligurian Apuani.

> Latin: 37.8. Veris principio huius, dum consules novos dilectus Romae tenet, mors deinde alterius et creandi comitia consulis in locum eius omnia tardiora fecerunt, interim P. Cornelius et M. Baebius, qui in consulatu nihil memorabile gesserant, in Apuanos Ligures exercitum induxerunt.

[¶24] 38.1. The Ligurians, who had not anticipated a war before the arrival of the consuls in the province, were taken off their guard and surrendered, to the number of about twelve thousand men.

> Latin: 38.1. Ligures, qui ante adventum in provinciam consulum non expectassent bellum, inproviso obpressi ad duodecim milia hominum dediderunt se.

[¶25] 38.2. First consulting the senate by letter, Cornelius and Baebius determined to move them down from the mountains to lands on the plains, far from home, that there might be no hope of return, thinking that there would be no end to the Ligurian war until this was done. There was public land belonging to the Roman people among the Samnites, which had belonged to the Taurasini.

> Latin: 38.2. eos consulto per litteras prius senatu deducere ex montibus in agros campestres procul ab domo, ne reditus spes esset, Cornelius et Baebius statuerunt, nullum alium ante finem rati fore Ligustini belli.

[¶26] 38.3. Since they wished to transfer the Ligurian Apuani there, they issued an edict that the Ligurian Apuani should come down from the mountains, bringing their wives and children, and should transport all their property with them.

> Latin: 38.3. ager publicus populi Romani erat in Samnitibus; Taurasinorum fuerat. eo cum traducere Ligures Apuanos vellent, edixerunt, Ligures ab Anido … montibus descenderent cum liberis coniugibusque, sua omnia secum portarent.

[¶27] 38.4. The Ligurians made frequent entreaties through ambassadors that they might not be compelled to leave their household gods, the land in which they had been born, the tombs of their ancestors, and also promised arms and hostages.

> Latin: 38.4. Ligures saepe per legatos deprecati, ne penates, sedem, in qua geniti essent, sepulcra maiorum cogerentur relinquere, arma, obsides pollicebantur.

[¶28] 38.5. When they met with no success and lacked the strength to fight, they obeyed the edict.

> Latin: 38.5. postquam nihil impetrabant neque vires ad bellandum erant, edicto paruerunt.

[¶29] 38.6. There were transferred at public expense about forty thousand freemen with their women and children. One hundred and fifty thousand sesterces of silver were appropriated, with which they could buy what was necessary for their new homes.

> Latin: 38.6. traducti sunt publico sumptu ad quadraginta milia liberorum capitum cum feminis puerisque. argenti data centum et quinquaginta milia, unde in novas sedes compararent, quae opus essent.

[¶30] 38.7. For the apportionment of the land and the division of the money, the same Cornelius and Baebius who had made the transfer were appointed. Nevertheless, at their request, a commission of five was named, on whose advice they might act.

> Latin: 38.7. agro dividendo dandoque iidem, qui traduxerant, Cornelius et Baebius, praepositi. postulantibus tamen ipsis quinqueviri ab senatu dati, quorum ex consilio agerent.

[¶31] 38.8. When, after completing this task, they had brought back the veteran army, a triumph was voted by the senate.

> Latin: 38.8. transacta re cum veterem exercitum Romam deduxissent, triumphus ab senatu est decretus.

[¶32] 38.9. They were the first of all to triumph without waging a war. Only the victims were led before the car, since there had been nothing in their triumphs which could be carried, could be led, or could be given to the soldiers.

> Latin: 38.9. hi omnium primi nullo bello gesto triumpharunt. tantum hostiae ductae ante currum, quia nec quod ferretur neque quod duceretur captum neque quod militibus daretur quicquam in triumphis eorum fuerat.

[¶33] 39.1. The same year, in Spain, Fulvius Flaccus the proconsul, because his successor was slow in arriving in the province, led the army out of winter-quarters and began to devastate the remoter regions of Celtiberia whence the inhabitants had not come to surrender.

> Latin: 39.1. eodem anno in Hispania Fulvius Flaccus proconsul, quia successor in provinciam tardius veniebat, educto exercitu ex hibernis ulteriorem Celtiberiae agrum, unde ad deditionem non venerant, institit vastare.

[¶34] 39.2. By this act he stirred up rather than terrified the spirits of the barbarians; and secretly massing their forces they blocked the Manlian pass, through which they well knew that the Roman army would march.

> Latin: 39.2. qua re irritavit magis quam conterruit animos barbarorum, et clam comparatis copiis saltum Manlianum, per quem transiturum exercitum Romanum satis sciebant, obsederunt.

[¶35] 39.3. Gracchus had entrusted to his colleague Lucius Postumius Albinus, who was going to Farther Spain, a message for Quintus Fulvius, instructing him to conduct the army to Tarraco; there he planned to discharge the veterans and assign the replacements and organize the entire army.

> Latin: 39.3. in Hispaniam ulteriorem eunti L. Postumio Albino collegae Gracchus mandaverat, ut Q. Fulvium certiorem faceret, Tarraconem exercitum adduceret:

[¶36] 39.4. Also the day, and that quite near, was announced to Flaccus, on which his successor would arrive. The arrival of this news compelled Flaccus, abandoning the plan which he had begun to follow, hastily to lead the army out of Celtiberia, and the barbarians, ignorant of the reason and thinking that he had heard of their revolt and their secret mobilization and was frightened away, on that account occupied the pass more eagerly. When the Roman column at daybreak entered the pass the enemy, suddenly showing themselves on two sides, attacked the Romans. When Flaccus saw this he quelled the first excitement in the column by issuing through the centurions orders that all should halt, each in his own place, and should make ready their arms, and having collected the trains and the pack-animals in one place, partly by himself, partly through the lieutenants and tribunes of the soldiers, he formed all the forces in line of battle as the time and the place demanded, without any confusion, reminding them that they had to deal with men who had twice surrendered, that an access of villainy and treachery, not of courage and stoutness of heart, had come to them, and that they furnished the Romans an opportunity to make an ignoble return home glorious and memorable: for they would carry to Rome for the triumph swords bloody with fresh slaughter of the enemy and spoils dripping with gore.

> Latin: 39.4. ibi dimitti veteranos, supplementaque distribuere et ordinare omnem exercitum sese velle. dies quoque, et ea propinqua, edita Flacco est, qua successor esset venturus. haec nova adlata res omissis, quae agere instituerat, Flaccum raptim deducere exercitum ex Celtiberia cum coegisset, barbari causae ignari, suam defectionem et clam comparata arma sensisse eum et pertimuisse rati, eo ferocius saltum insederunt. ubi eum saltum prima luce agmen Romanum intravit, repente ex duabus partibus simul exorti hostes Romanos invaserunt. quod ubi vidit Flaccus, primos tumultus in agmine per centuriones stare omnes suo quemque loco et arma expedire iubendo sedavit, et sarcinis iumentisque in unum locum coactis copias omnes partim ipse partim per legatos tribunosque militum, ut tempus, ut locus postulabat, sine ulla trepidatione instruxit, cum bis deditis rem esse admonens; scelus et perfidiam illis, non virtutem nec animum accessisse; reditum ignobilem in patriam clarum ac memorabilem eos sibi fecisse; cruentos ex recenti caede hostium gladios et manantia sanguine spolia Romam ad triumphum delaturos.

[¶37] 39.10. The time did not permit him to say more: the enemy was charging and on the extreme flanks the battle was already in progress. Then the battle-lines clashed.

> Latin: 39.10. plura dici tempus non patiebatur; invehebant se hostes et in partibus extremis iam pugnabatur. deinde acies concurrerunt.

[¶38] 40.1. There was a fierce fight on every side, but the results varied. The legions fought nobly and not less effectively the two squadrons; the auxiliaries from the province were hard pressed by men armed in the same way but consisting of a much better class of soldiers, and could not hold their ground.

> Latin: 40.1. atrox ubique proelium, sed varia fortuna erat. egregie legiones nec segnius duae alae pugnabant; externa auxilia ab simili armatura, meliore aliquantum militum genere urgebantur, nec locum tueri poterant.

[¶39] 40.2. When the Celtiberians saw that with battle-lines arrayed and in pitched battle they were not a match for the legions, they made a thrust with the wedge, in which manner of fighting they are so powerful that against whatever troops they drive their charge they cannot be checked.

> Latin: 40.2. Celtiberi ubi ordinata acie et signis conlatis se non esse pares legionibus senserunt, cuneo inpressionem fecerunt, quo tantum valent genere pugnae, ut quacumque parte pertulere impetus suos, sustinere nequeant.

[¶40] 40.3. Then even the legions were thrown into disorder and the line was almost broken.

> Latin: 40.3. tunc quoque turbatae legiones sunt, prope interrupta acies.

[¶41] 40.4. When Flaccus saw this disorganization, he rode on his horse to the legionary cavalry and shouted, “Unless there is some hope of aid in you, now all will be over with this army.” When from all sides a shout was raised asking him why he did not say what he wanted done, and they would execute his orders without delay, “double the squadrons,” he said, “you cavalry of the two legions, and turn your horses loose against the wedge of the enemy, with which they are forcing back our men.” “You will do this with the greater weight if you will give your horses loose rein against them; and this the records say that Roman cavalry have often done and won great glory for themselves.”

> Latin: 40.4. quam trepidationem trupidationem ubi Flaccus conspexit, equo advehitur ad legionarios equites, et “ni quid auxilii in vobis est, actum iam de hoc exercitu erit.” cum undique adclamassent, quin ederet, quid fieri velit: non segniter imperium exsecuturos, “ duplicate turmas” inquit, “duarum legionum equites, et permittite equos in cuneum hostium, quo nostros urgent. id cum maiore vi equorum facietis, si effrenatos in eos equos inmittitis, quod saepe Romanos equites cum magna laude fecisse sua memoriae proditum est.

[¶42] 40.7. They obeyed his order and, dropping their reins, twice, from this side and from that, drove through, causing great slaughter to the enemy and breaking every one of their spears.

> Latin: 40.7. ” dicto paruerunt detractisque frenis bis ultro citroque cum magna strage hostium, infractis omnibus hastis, transcurrerunt.

[¶43] 40.8. The wedge having been scattered, in which all their hope had rested, the Celtiberians were in panic, and almost giving up the fight were looking for a place for flight.

> Latin: 40.8. dissipato cuneo, in quo omnis spes fuerat, Celtiberi trepidare et prope omissa pugna locum fugae circumspicere.

[¶44] 40.9. And when the cavalry of the allies saw that the Roman cavalry had performed so memorable an exploit, they too, inspired by the valour of the others, without waiting for an order let their horses loose upon the broken enemy.

> Latin: 40.9. et alarii equites postquam Romanorum equitum tam memorabile facinus videre, et ipsi virtute eorum accensi sine ullius imperio in perturbatos iam hostes equos inmittunt.

[¶45] 40.10. Then indeed all the Celtiberians were turned to flight, and the Roman commander, seeing the backs of the enemy, vowed a temple to Fortuna Equestris and games to Jupiter Optimus Maximus.

> Latin: 40.10. tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur, et imperator Romanus aversos hostes contemplatus aedem Fortunae equestri Iovique optimo maximo ludos vovit.

[¶46] 40.11. The Celtiberians were slaughtered as they scattered in flight through the whole defile. Seventeen thousand of the enemy are reported to have been killed that day, more than three thousand seven hundred taken alive, and there were captured seventy-seven military standards and about six hundred horses.

> Latin: 40.11. caeduntur Celtiberi per totum saltum dissipati fuga. decem et septem milia hostium caesa eo die traduntur, vivi capti plus quattuor milia cum signis militaribus ducentis septuaginta septem, equis prope DC. in illis castris eo die victor exercitus mansit.

[¶47] 40.12. The victorious army remained that day in its own camp. The victory was not without loss of soldiers: four hundred and seventy-two Roman soldiers fell, of the allies of the Latin confederacy one thousand and nineteen, and in addition three thousand of the auxiliary troops. So the victorious army, having won once more its former glory, was conducted to Tarraco.

> Latin: 40.12. victoria non sine iactura militum fuit: quadringenti septuaginta duo milites Romani, socium ac Latini nominis mille decem et novem, cum his tria milia militum auxiliariorum perierunt. ita victor exercitus renovata priore gloria Tarraconem est perductus.

[¶48] 40.14. Tiberius Sempronius the praetor, who had arrived two days earlier, went out to meet Fulvius on his arrival and congratulated him on his conspicuous success in defence of the state. In perfect harmony they arranged which soldiers they should discharge and which they should hold in service.

> Latin: 40.14. venienti Fulvio Ti. Sempronius praetor, qui biduo ante venerat, obviam processit gratulatusque est, quod rem publicam egregie gessisset. cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent quosque retinerent milites, composuerunt.

[¶49] 40.15. Then Fulvius embarked the discharged troops on ships and set out for Rome and Sempronius led the legions into Celtiberia.

> Latin: 40.15. inde Fulvius exauctoratis militibus in naves inpositis Romam est profectus; Sempronius in Celtiberam legiones duxit.

[¶50] 41.1. The two consuls led their armies against the Ligurians from different directions.

> Latin: 41.1. consules ambo in Ligures exercitus induxerunt diversis partibus.

[¶51] 41.2. Postumius, with the first and third legions, attacked the mountains of Ballista and Letum, and by blocking with guards their narrow passes cut the enemy off from supplies and subdued them because of their complete lack of everything.

> Latin: 41.2. Postumius prima et tertia legione Ballistam Suismontiumque montes obsedit et premendo praesidiis angustos saltus eorum commeatus interclusit inopiaque omnium rerum eos perdomuit.

[¶52] 41.3. Fulvius, with the second and fourth legions, attacking from the side of Pisa the Ligurian Apuani (those of that people who lived along the Macra river), after receiving the surrender of about seven thousand men, loaded them on boats and sent them along the shore of the Tuscan sea to Naples.

> Latin: 41.3. Fulvius secunda et quarta legione adortus a Pisis Apuanos Ligures, qui eorum circa Macram fluvium incolebant, in deditionem acceptos, ad septem milia hominum, in naves inpositos praeter oram Etrusci maris Neapolim transmisit.

[¶53] 41.4. Thence they were transferred to Samnium and given land among their countrymen.

> Latin: 41.4. inde in Samnium traducti, agerque iis inter populares datus est.

[¶54] 41.5. Aulus Postumius destroyed the vineyards and burned the crops of the Ligurians of the mountains until, compelled by the disasters of war, they submitted and gave up their weapons.

> Latin: 41.5. montanorum Ligurum ab A. Postumio vineae caesae frumentaque deusta, donec cladibus omnibus belli coacti in deditionem venerunt armaque tradiderunt.

[¶55] 41.6. Then Postumius proceeded by boat to explore the coast of the Ligurian Ingauni and Intemelii.

> Latin: 41.6. navibus inde Postumius ad visendam oram Ingaunorum Intemeliorumque Ligurum processit.

[¶56] 41.7. Before these consuls came to the army which was mobilized at Pisa, Aulus Postumius was incommand. The brother of Quintus Fulvius, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior —this Fulvius was tribune of the soldiers of the second legion —during his months dismissed the legion, binding the centurions by an oath that they would turn the money in to the quaestors for the treasury. When this was announced to Aulus at Placentia —for he had happened to go there —following with the light cavalry the men who had been released, he punished and brought back to Pisa those of them whom he could overtake; as to the rest, he notified the consul.

> Latin: 41.7. priusquam hi consules venirent ad exercitum, qui Pisas indictus erat, praeerant A. Postumius * frater Q. Fulvi M. Fulvius Nobilior — secundae legionis [Fulvius] tribunos militum is erat.—mensibus suis dimisit legionem, iure iurando adactis centurionibus, aes in aerarium ad quaestores esse delaturos.

[¶57] 41.9. On his motion the senate passed a decree that Marcus Fulvius should be banished to Spain beyond New Carthage; and a letter was given to him by the consul for delivery to Publius Manlius in Farther Spain; the soldiers were ordered to return to the standards.

> Latin: 41.9. hoc ubi Placentiam—nam eo forte erat profectus—Aulo nuntiatum est, cum equitibus expeditis secutus dimissos, quos eorum potuit adsequi, reduxit castigatos Pisas, de ceteris consulem certiorem fecit.

[¶58] 41.10. As a mark of disgrace it was voted that the legion should receive only six months' pay for that year: the consul was directed to sell the person and property of any soldier who had not returned to the army. The same year Lucius Duronius, who had been praetor the year before, returned from Illyricum to Brundisium with ten ships. Thence, leaving the ships in port, he went to Rome, and in the course of his narrative of what he had done there he pointed in no uncertain manner at Gentius, king of the Illyrians, as the cause of all the brigandage by sea:

> Latin: 41.10. eo referente senatus consultum factum est, ut M. Fulvius in Hispaniam relegaretur ultra novam Carthaginem, litteraeque ei datae sunt a consule ad P. Manlium in Hispaniam ulteriorem deferendae; milites iussi ad signa redire. ignominiae causa uti semestre stipendium in eum annum esset ei legioni decretum; qui miles ad exercitum non redisset, eum ipsum bonaque eius vendere consul iussus. eodem anno L. Duronius, qui praetor anno superiore … ex Illyrico cum decem navibus Brundisium redierat. inde in portu relictis navibus cum venisset Romam, inter exponendas res, quas ibi gessisset, haud dubie in regem Illyriorum Gentium latrocinii omnis maritimi causam avertit:

[¶59] 42.2. from his kingdom, he said, came all the ships which had ravaged the coast of the upper sea; he had sent ambassadors about these matters, but there had been no opportunity to meet the king.

> Latin: 42.2. ex regno eius omnes naves esse, quae superi maris oram depopulatae essent; de his rebus legatos misisse, nec conveniendi regis potestatem factam.

[¶60] 42.3. Envoys had come to Rome from Gentius, who said that at the time the Romans had come to interview the king he had happened to be ill in the farthest part of the kingdom: Gentius asked the senate not to believe the spurious charges which his enemies had made against him.

> Latin: 42.3. venerant Romam legati a Gentio, qui quo tempore Romani conveniendi regis causa venissent, aegrum forte eum in ultimis partibus fuisse regni dicerent:

[¶61] 42.4. Duronius added to this a statement that many Roman citizens and allies of the Latin confederacy had suffered injury in his kingdom, and that Roman citizens were said to be detained at Corcyra.

> Latin: 42.4. petere Gentium ab senatu, ne crederent confictis criminibus in se, quae inimici detulissent. ad ea Duronius adiecit, multis civibus Romanis et sociis Latini nominis iniurias factas in regno eius et cives Romanos dici Corcyrae retineri.

[¶62] 42.5. It was decided that all these should be brought to Rome, that the praetor Gaius Claudius should investigate, and that until this was done a reply should not be given to King Gentius or his ambassadors.

> Latin: 42.5. eos omnes Romam adduci placuit, C. Claudium praetorem cognoscere, neque ante Gentio regi legatisve eius responsum reddi.

[¶63] 42.6. Among many others whom the pestilence of that year carried off a number of priests also died. Lucius Valerius Flaccus the pontiff died: also Quintus Fabius Labeo was chosen in his place.

> Latin: 42.6. inter multos alios, quos pestilentia eius anni absumpsit, sacerdotes quoque aliquot mortui sunt. L. Valerius Flaccus pontifex mortuus est; in eius locum subfectus est Q. Fabius Labeo.

[¶64] 42.7. Publius Manlius, who had only recently returned from Farther Spain, the triumvir epulo, died, and in his stead Quintus Fulvius the son of Marcus, who still wore the dress of boyhood, was coöpted triumvir.

> Latin: 42.7. P. Manlius, qui nuper ex ulteriore Hispania redierat, triumvir epulo; Q. Fulvius M. f. in locum eius triumvir cooptatus, tum praetextatus erat.

[¶65] 42.8. In the matter of choosing a rex sacrificulus to replace Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, there was a dispute between Gaius Servilius the pontifex maximus and Lucius Cornelius Dolabella the duumvir navalis, whom the pontifex ordered to resign his office that he might install him in the priesthood.

> Latin: 42.8. de rege sacrifico subficiendo in locum Cn. Corneli Dolabellae contentio inter C. Servilium pontificem maximum fuit et L. Cornelium Dolabellam duumvirum navalem, quem ut inauguraret pontifex magistratu sese abdicare iubebat;

[¶66] 42.9. When he refused to do this, the pontifex assessed a fine against the duumvir and about this act there was a contest before the assembly after he had appealed. When several tribes had already been called in to vote, were now ordering the duumvir to be obedient to the pontifex and the fine to be remitted if he should have resigned his magistracy, an unfavourable sign from heaven intervened and adjourned the assembly. Therefore the priests felt a scruple against inaugurating Dolabella. They installed as priest Publius Cloelius Siculus, who had been second on the list of nominees for the office.

> Latin: 42.9. recusantique id facere ob eam rem multa duumviro dicta a pontifice, deque ea, cum provocasset, certatum ad populum. cum plures iam tribus intro vocatae dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum iuberent multamque remitti, si magistratu se abdicasset, ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit. religio inde fuit pontificibus inaugurandi Dolabellae.

[¶67] 42.11. At the end of the year the pontifex maximus Gaius Servilius Geminus also died; he had also been a decemvir in charge of sacrifices.

> Latin: 42.11. P. Cloelium Siculum inaugurarunt, qui secundo loco nominatus erat. exitu anni et C. Servilius Geminus pontifex maximus decessit; idem decemvir sacrorum fuit. pontifex in locum eius a collegio cooptatus Q. Fulvius Flaccus;

[¶68] 42.12. As a pontiff in his place the college coöpted Quintus Fulvius Flaccus: then Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was elected pontifex maximus, although many distinguished men were candidates; and as decemvir in charge of sacrifices, in place of the same Servilius, Quintus Marcius Philippus was coöpted. Also the augur Spurius Postumius Albinus died; to replace him the augurs coöpted Publius Scipio the son of Africanus.

> Latin: 42.12. inde pontifex maximus M. Aemilius Lepidus creatus, cum multi clari viri petissent; et decemvir sacrorum Q. Marcius Philippus in eiusdem locum est cooptatus.

[¶69] 42.13. The Cumaeans that year asked and were granted the privilege of using the Latin language officially, and the auctioneers that of conducting their sales in Latin.

> Latin: 42.13. et augur Sp. Postumius Albinus decessit; in locum eius P. Scipionem, filium Africani, augures cooptarunt. Cumanis eo anno petentibus permissum, ut publice Latine loquerentur et praeconibus Latine vendendi ius esset.

[¶70] 43.1. When the people of Pisa offered land to which a Latin colony should be led, they received the thanks of the senate; for this purpose Quintus Fabius Buteo and Marcus and Publius Popilius Laenas were elected members of a board of three.

> Latin: 43.1. Pisanis agrum pollicentibus, quo Luna colonia deduceretur, gratiae ab senatu actae; triumviri creati ad eam rem Q. Fabius Buteo M. et P. Popillii Laenates.

[¶71] 43.2. From the praetor Gaius Maenius, to whom, although the province of Sardinia had fallen to his lot, had been assigned the additional task of investigating cases of poisoning beyond ten miles from the City, a letter was received which said that he had already condemned three thousand persons, and that the investigation was assuming larger proportions by reason of the evidence received: he said that he would be compelled either to discontinue the investigation or give up his province.

> Latin: 43.2. a C. Maenio praetore, cui provincia Sardinia cum evenisset additum erat, ut quaereret de veneficiis longius ab urbe decem milibus passuum, litterae adlatae se iam tria milia hominum damnasse et crescere sibi quaestionem indiciis; aut eam sibi esse deserendam aut provinciam dimittendam.

[¶72] 43.4. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus returned from Spain to Rome, having earned great acclaim by his exploits; while he was waiting outside the City for the sake of a triumph, he was elected consul with Lucius Manlius Acidinus, and a few days later rode into the City in triumph, accompanied by the soldiers whom he had brought back with him.

> Latin: 43.4. Q. Fulvius Flaccus ex Hispania rediit Romam cum magna fama gestarum rerum; qui cum extra urbem triumphi causa esset, consul est creatus cum L. Manlio Acidino, et post paucos dies cum militibus, quos secum deduxerat, triumphans urbem est invectus.

[¶73] 43.6. He displayed in his triumph one hundred and twenty-four golden crowns and in addition thirty-one pounds of gold, of unwrought silver... of minted coins of Osca one hundred and seventy-three thousand two hundred.

> Latin: 43.6. tulit in triumpho coronas aureas centum viginti quattuor, praeterea auri pondo triginta unum, … et signati Oscensis nummum centum septuaginta tria milia ducentos.

[¶74] 43.7. To each of the infantry he gave out of the booty fifty denarii, twice that sum to the centurions and thrice to each of the cavalry, and the same amounts to the allies of the Latin confederacy, and to all double pay.

> Latin: 43.7. militibus de praeda quinquagenos denarios dedit, duplex centurionibus, triplex equiti, tantundem sociis Latini nominis, et stipendium omnibus duplex.

[¶75] 44.1. In that year for the first time a motion was proposed by Lucius Villius, tribune of the people, fixing the ages at which each magistracy might be sought and held. From this fact a cognomen was given to his family, so that its members were called Annales.

> Latin: 44.1. eo anno rogatio primum lata est ab L. Vilio tribuno plebis quot annos nati quemque magistratum peterent caperentque. inde cognomen familiae inditum, ut Annales adpellarentur.

[¶76] 44.2. After many years four praetors were chosen under the Baebian law, which provided that four should be chosen in alternate years. The praetors so elected were Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, Gaius Valerius Laevinus and Quintus and Publius Mucius Scaevola, the sons of Quintus.

> Latin: 44.2. praetores quattuor post multos annos lege Baebia creati, quae alternis quaternos iubebat creari. hi facti: Cn. Cornelius Scipio C. Valerius Laevinus Q. et P. Mucii Q. filii Scaevolae.

[¶77] 44.3. To Quintus Fulvius and Lucius Manlius the consuls the same province which their predecessors had held was decreed with the same numbers of troops, infantry and cavalry, citizens and allies.

> Latin: 44.3. Q. Fulvio et L. Manlio consulibus eadem provincia, quae superioribus, pari numero copiae peditum equitum, civium sociorum decretae.

[¶78] 44.4. In the two Spains the imperium of Tiberius Sempronius and Lucius Postumius was prolonged, and they were to keep the same armies which they had; and as replacements the consuls were ordered to enroll three thousand Roman infantry, three hundred cavalry, five thousand infantry and four hundred cavalry of the allies of the Latin confederacy.

> Latin: 44.4. in Hispaniis duabus Ti. Sempronio et L. Postumio cum iisdem exercitibus, quos haberent, prorogatum imperium est, et in supplementum consules scribere iussi ad tria milia peditum Romanorum, trecentos equites, quinque milia sociorum Latini nominis et quadringentos equites.

[¶79] 44.6. Publius Mucius Scaevola received by lot the civil jurisdiction and also the duty of enquiring into cases of poisoning in the city and within a distance of ten miles from the city, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio that between citizens and aliens, Quintus Mucius Scaevola Sicily, Gaius Valerius Laevinus Sardinia.

> Latin: 44.6. P. Mucius Scaevola urbanam sortitus provinciam est, et ut idem quaereret de veneficiis in urbe et propius urbem decem milia passuum, Cn.

[¶80] 44.7. Quintus Fulvius the consul said that before he brought up any matter of public business he wished to free himself and the state of an obligation to the gods by fulfilling his vows.

> Latin: 44.7. Cornelius Scipio peregrinam, Q. Mucius Scaevola Siciliam, C. Valerius Laevinus Sardiniam.

[¶81] 44.8. He had vowed, he said, on the day when he had last fought with the Celtiberians, to give games to Jupiter Optimus Maximus and a temple to Fortuna Equestris:

> Latin: 44.8. Q. Fulvius consul, priusquam ullam rem publicam ageret, liberare et se et rem publicam religione votis solvendis dixit velle:

[¶82] 44.9. for this purpose money had been collected for him by the Spaniards. It was decreed that the games should be held and that two commissioners should be chosen to contract for the temple.

> Latin: 44.9. vovisse, quo die postremum cum Celtiberis pugnasset, ludos Iovi optimo maximo et aedem equestri Fortunae sese facturum; in eam rem sibi pecuniam conlatam esse ab Hispanis.

[¶83] 44.10. As to the cost, the limit was set that a greater sum might not be spent for the games than the amount that had been decreed to Fulvius Nobilior when he gave his games after the Aetolian war, and it was voted too that he should not invite, compel or accept contributions for these or do anything contrary to that decree of the senate which had been passed regarding games in the consulship of Lucius Aemilius and Gnaeus Baebius.

> Latin: 44.10. ludi decreti et ut duumviri ad aedem locandam crearentur. de pecunia finitur, ne maior ludorum causa consumeretur, quam quanta Fulvio Nobiliori post Aetolicum bellum ludos facienti decreta esset, neve quid ad eos ludos arcesseret cogeret acciperet faceret adversus id senatus consultum, quod L. Aemilio Cn. Baebio consulibus de ludis factum esset.

[¶84] 44.12. The senate had passed this decree because of the lavish expenditures made on games by Tiberius Sempronius the aedile, which had been a burden, not only on Italy and the allies of the Latin confederacy, but on outside provinces as well.

> Latin: 44.12. decreverat id senatus propter effusos sumptus, factos in ludos Ti. Semproni aedilis, qui graves non modo Italiae ac sociis Latini nominis, sed etiam provinciis externis fuerant.

[¶85] 45.1. The winter that year was cruel on account of snow and every kind of storm: it had completely blasted the trees which are affected by cold; and it lasted much longer than in other years.

> Latin: 45.1. hiems eo anno nive saeva et omni tempestatum genere fuit; arbores, quae obnoxiae frigoribus sunt, deusserat cunctas; et ea tum aliquanto quam alias longior fuit.

[¶86] 45.2. And so a darkness which came on suddenly and a violent tempest broke up the Latin festival on the mountain, and the festival was repeated by decree of the pontiff.

> Latin: 45.2. itaque Latinas atrox subito coorta et intolerabilis tempestas in monte turbavit, instaurataeque sunt ex decreto pontificum.

[¶87] 45.3. The same storm also overthrew a number of statues on the Capitoline and disfigured many places with strokes of lightning —the temple of Jupiter at Tarracina, the “White Temple” and the Porta Romana at Capua, where the parapets of the wall were thrown down in many places.

> Latin: 45.3. eadem tempestas et in Capitolio aliquot signa prostravit, fulminibusque complura loca deformavit, aedem Iovis Terracinae, aedem Albam Capuae portamque Romanam;

[¶88] 45.4. Along with the other prodigies it was reported from Reate that a mule with three feet had been born.

> Latin: 45.4. muri pinnae aliquot locis decussae erant. haec inter prodigia nuntiatum et ab Reate tripedem natum mulum.

[¶89] 45.5. On account of them the decemvirs, when ordered to consult the Books, issued a proclamation stating to which gods and with how many victims sacrifice should be offered, and directing that supplication should be offered for one day.

> Latin: 45.5. ob ea decemviri iussi adire libros edidere. quibus diis et quot hostiis sacrificaretur, et [fulminibus complura loca deformaret aedem Iovis] ut supplicatio diem unum esset.

[¶90] 45.6. Then the games which had been vowed by the consul Quintus Fulvius were held through ten days with great splendour. Next the election of censors was held: the successful candidates were Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the pontifex maximus, and Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, who had triumphed over the Aetolians.

> Latin: 45.6. ludi deinde votivi Q. Fulvi consulis per dies decem magno adparatu facti. censorum inde comitia habita; creati M. Aemilius Lepidus pontifex maximus et M. Fulvius Nobilior, qui ex Aetolis triumphaverat. inter hos viros nobiles inimicitiae erant, saepe multis et in senatu et ad populum atrocibus celebratae certaminibus.

[¶91] 45.8. Between these distinguished men there was a feud, exhibited on many occasions, both in the senate and before the assembly, by numerous bitter quarrels. When the election was over the censors, as the custom was from olden times, took their seats on curule chairs by the altar of Mars in the Campus; thither suddenly came the chiefs of the senators, accompanied by a throng of citizens, and one of them, Quintus Caecilius Metellus, spoke thus:

> Latin: 45.8. comitiis confectis, ut traditum antiquitus est, censores in Campo ad aram Martis sellis curulibus consederunt; quo repente principes senatorum cum agmine venerunt civitatis, inter quos Q. Caecilius Metellus verba fecit: