13. HERMES: The Lydian cannot abide the outspokenness and the truthfulness of his words, Charon; it seems strange to him when a poor man does not cringe but says frankly whatever occurs to him. But he will remember Solon before long, when he has to be captured and put on the pyre by Cyrus. The other day I heard Clotho reading out the fate that had been spun for everyone, and among other things it had been recorded there that Croesus was to be “captured by Cyrus, and that Cyrus was to be slain by yonder woman of the Massagetae. Do you see her, the Scythian woman riding the white horse?
13. Ἑρμῆς: οὐ φέρει ὁ Λυδός, ὦ Χάρων, τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν τῶν λόγων, ἀλλὰ ξένον αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα, πένης ἄνθρωπος οὐχ ὑποπτήσσων, τὸ δὲ παριστάμενον ἐλευθέρως λέγων. μεμνήσεται δʼ οὖν μικρὸν ὕστερον τοῦ Σόλωνος, ὅταν αὐτὸν δέῃ ἁλόντα ἐπὶ τὴν πυρὰν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κύρου ἀναχθῆναι· ἤκουσα γὰρ τῆς Κλωθοῦς πρῴην ἀναγινωσκούσης τὰ ἑκάστῳ ἐπικεκλωσμένα, ἐν οἷς καὶ ταῦτα ἐγέγραπτο, Κροῖσον μὲν ἁλῶναι ὑπὸ Κύρου, Κῦρον δὲ αὐτὸν ὑπʼ ἐκεινησὶ τῆς Μασσαγέτιδος ἀποθανεῖν. ὁρᾷς τὴν Σκυθίδα, τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου τούτου τοῦ λευκοῦ ἐξελαύνουσαν;
CHARON: Indeed I do.
Χάρων: νὴ Δία.
HERMES: That is Tomyris; and after she has cut off Cyrus’ head she will plunge it into a wine-skin full of blood. And do you see his son, the young man? That is Cambyses; he will be king after his father, and when he has had no end of ill-luck in Libya and Ethiopia he will at last go mad and die in consequence of slaying Apis.
Ἑρμῆς: Τόμυρις ἐκείνη ἐστί, καὶ τὴν κεφαλήν γε ἀποτεμοῦσα τοῦ Κύρου αὕτη ἐς ἀσκὸν ἐμβαλεῖ πλήρη αἵματος. ὁρᾷς δὲ καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν νεανίσκον; Καμβύσης ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν· οὗτος βασιλεύσει μετὰ τὸν πατέρα καὶ μυρία σφαλεὶς ἔν τε Λιβύῃ καὶ Αἰθιοπίᾳ τὸ τελευταῖον μανεὶς ἀποθανεῖται ἀποκτείνας τὸν Ἆπιν.
CHARON: How very funny! But now who would dare to look at them, so disdainful are they of the rest of the world? And who could believe that after a little the one will be a prisoner and the other will have his head in a sack of blood?
Χάρων: ὢ πολλοῦ γέλωτος. ἀλλὰ νῦν τίς ἂν αὐτοὺς προσβλέψειεν οὕτως ὑπερφρονοῦντας τῶν ἄλλων; ἢ τίς ἂν πιστεύσειεν ὡς μετʼ ὀλίγον οὗτος μὲν αἰχμάλωτος ἔσται, οὗτος δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἕξει ἐν ἀσκῷ αἵματος;
14. CHARON: But who is that man, Hermes, with the purple mantle about him, the one with the crown, to whom the cook, who has just cut open the fish, is giving the ring,All in a sea-girt island; a king he would have us believe him?
14. Χάρων: ἐκεῖνος δὲ τίς ἐστιν, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ὁ τὴν πορφυρᾶν ἐφεστρίδα ἐμπεπορπημένος, ὁ τὸ διάδημα, ᾧ τὸν δακτύλιον ὁ μάγειρος ἀναδίδωσι τὸν ἰχθὺν ἀνατεμών, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ; βασιλεὺς δέ τις εὔχεται εἶναι.
HERMES: You are good at parody, Charon. The man whom you see is Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, who considers himself wholly fortunate; yet the servant who stands at his elbow, Maeandrius, will betray him into the hands of the satrap Oroetes, and he will be crucified, poor man, after losing his good fortune inamoment’s time. This, too, I heard trom Clotho.
Ἑρμῆς: εὖ γε παρῳδεῖς, ὦ Χάρων. ἀλλὰ Πολυκράτην ὁρᾷς τὸν Σαμίων τύραννον πανευδαίμονα ἡγούμενον εἶναι· ἀτὰρ καὶ οὗτος αὐτὸς ὑπὸ τοῦ παρεστῶτος οἰκέτου Μαιανδρίου προδοθεὶς Ὀροίτῃ τῷ σατράπῃ ἀνασκολοπισθήσεται ἅθλιος ἐκπεσὼν τῆς εὐδαιμονίας ἐν ἀκαρεῖ τοῦ χρόνου· καὶ ταῦτα γὰρ τῆς Κλωθοῦς ἐπήκουσα.
CHARON: Well done, Clotho, noble lady that you are! Burn them, gracious lady, cut off their heads and crucify them, so that they may know they are human. In the meantime let them be exalted, only to have a sorrier fall from a higher place. For my part I shall laugh when I recognize them aboard my skiff, stripped to the skin, taking with them neither purple mantle nor tiara nor throne of gold.
Χάρων: ἄγαμαι Κλωθοῦς γεννικῆς· καῖε αὐτούς, ὦ βελτίστη, καὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀπότεμνε καὶ ἀνασκολόπιζε, ὡς εἰδῶσιν ἄνθρωποι ὄντες· ἐν τοσούτῳ δὲ ἐπαιρέσθων ὡς ἂν ἀφʼ ὑψηλοτέρου ἀλγεινότερον καταπεσούμενοι. ἐγὼ δὲ γελάσομαι τότε γνωρίσας αὐτῶν ἕκαστον γυμνὸν ἐν τῷ σκαφιδίῳ μήτε τὴν πορφυρίδα μήτε τιάραν ἢ κλίνην χρυσῆν κομίζοντας.
15. HERMES: That is the way their lives will end. But do you see the masses, Charon, the men voyaging, fighting, litigating, farming, lending money, and begging?
15. Ἑρμῆς: καὶ τὰ μὲν τούτων ὧδε ἕξει. τὴν δὲ πληθὺν ὁρᾷς, ὦ Χάρων, τοὺς πλέοντας αὐτῶν, τοὺς πολεμοῦντας, τοὺς δικαζομένους, τοὺς γεωργοῦντας, τοὺς δανείζοντας, τοὺς προσαιτοῦντας;
CHARON: I see that their activities are varied and their life full of turmoil; yes, and their cities resemble hives, in which everyone has a sting of his own and stings his neighbour, while some few, like wasps, harry and plunder the meaner sort. But what is that crowd of shapes that flies about them unseen?
Χάρων: ὁρῶ ποικίλην τινὰ τὴν διατριβὴν καὶ μεστὸν ταραχῆς τὸν βίον καὶ τὰς πόλεις γε αὐτῶν ἐοικυίας τοῖς σμήνεσιν, ἐν οἷς ἅπας μὲν ἴδιόν τι κέντρον ἔχει καὶ τὸν πλησίον κεντεῖ, ὀλίγοι δέ τινες ὥσπερ σφῆκες ἄγουσι καὶ φέρουσι τὸ ὑποδεέστερον. ὁ δὲ περιπετόμενος αὐτοὺς ἐκ τἀφανοῦς οὗτος ὄχλος τίνες εἰσίν;
HERMES: Hope, Fear, Ignorance, Pleasure, Covetousness, Anger, Hatred and their like. Of these, Ignorance mingles with them down below and shares their common life, and so do Hatred, Anger, Jealousy, Stupidity, Doubt, and Covetousness; but Fear and Hope hover up above, and Fear, swooping down from time to time, terrifies them and makes them cringe, while Hope, hanging overhead, flies up and is off when they are most confident of grasping her, leaving them in the lurch with their mouths open, exactly as you have seen Tantalus served by the water down below.
Ἑρμῆς: ἐλπίδες, ὦ Χάρων, καὶ δείματα καὶ ἄγνοιαι καὶ ἡδοναὶ καὶ φιλαργυρίαι καὶ ὀργαὶ καὶ μίση καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα. τούτων δὲ ἡ ἄγνοια μὲν κάτω συναναμέμικται αὐτοῖς καὶ συμπολιτεύεται, καὶ νὴ Δία καὶ τὸ μῖσος καὶ ὀργὴ καὶ ζηλοτυπία καὶ ἀμαθία καὶ ἀπορία καὶ φιλαργυρία, ὁ φόβος δὲ καὶ αἱ ἐλπίδες ὑπεράνω πετόμενοι ὁ μὲν ἐμπίπτων ἐκπλήττει ἐνίοτε καὶ ὑποπτήσσειν ποιεῖ, αἱ δʼ ἐλπίδες ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς αἰωρούμεναι, ὁπόταν μάλιστα οἴηταί τις ἐπιλήψεσθαι αὐτῶν, ἀναπτάμεναι οἴχονται κεχηνότας αὐτοὺς ἀπολιποῦσαι, ὅπερ καὶ τὸν Τάνταλον κάτω πάσχοντα ὁρᾷς ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος.
16. HERMES: If you look close, you will also see the Fatés up above, drawing off each man’s thread from the spindle to which, as it happens, one and all are attached by slender threads. Do you see cobwebs, if I may call them so, coming down to each man from the spindles?
16. Ἑρμῆς: ἢν δὲ ἀτενίσῃς, κατόψει καὶ τὰς Μοίρας ἄνω ἐπικλωθούσας ἑκάστῳ τὸν ἄτρακτον, ἀφʼ οὗ ἠρτῆσθαι συμβέβηκεν ἅπαντας ἐκ λεπτῶν νημάτων. ὁρᾷς καθάπερ ἀράχνιά τινα καταβαίνοντα ἐφʼ ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν ἀτράκτων;
CHARON: I see that each man has a very slender thread, and it is entangled in most cases, this one with that and that with another.
Χάρων: ὁρῶ πάνυ λεπτὸν ἑκάστῳ νῆμα, ἐπιπεπλεγμένον γε τὰ πολλά, τοῦτο μὲν ἐκείνῳ, ἐκεῖνο δὲ ἄλλῳ.
HERMES: With good reason, ferryman; it is fated for that man to be killed by this man and this man by another, and for this man to be heir to that one, whose thread is shorter, and that man in turn to this one. That is what the entanglement means. You see, however, that they all hang by slender threads. Furthermore, this man has been drawn up on high and hangs in mid-air, and after a little while, when the filament, no longer strong enough to hold his weight, breaks and he falls to earth, he will make a great noise; but this other, who is lifted but little above the ground, will come down, if at all, so noiselessly that even his neighbours will hardly hear his fall.
Ἑρμῆς: εἰκότως, ὦ πορθμεῦ· εἵμαρται γὰρ ἐκείνῳ μὲν ὑπὸ τούτου φονευθῆναι, τούτῳ δὲ ὑπʼ ἄλλου, καὶ κληρονομῆσαί γε τοῦτον μὲν ἐκείνου, ὅτου ἂν ᾖ μικρότερον τὸ νῆμα, ἐκεῖνον δὲ αὖ τούτου· τοιόνδε γάρ τι ἡ ἐπιπλοκὴ δηλοῖ. ὁρᾷς δʼ οὖν ἀπὸ λεπτοῦ κρεμαμένους ἅπαντας· καὶ οὗτος μὲν ἀνασπασθεὶς ἄνω μετέωρός ἐστι καὶ μετὰ μικρὸν καταπεσών, ἀπορραγέντος τοῦ λίνου ἐπειδὰν μηκέτι ἀντέχῃ πρὸς τὸ βάρος, μέγαν τὸν ψόφον ἐργάσεται, οὗτος δὲ ὀλίγον ἀπὸ γῆς αἰωρούμενος, ἢν καὶ πέσῃ, ἀψοφητὶ κείσεται, μόλις καὶ τοῖς γείτοσιν ἐξακουσθέντος τοῦ πτώματος.
CHARON: All this is very funny, Hermes.
Χάρων: παγγέλοια ταῦτα, ὦ Ἑρμῆ.
17. HERMES: Indeed, you cannot find words to tell how ridiculous it is, Charon, especially their inordinate ambition and the way in which they disappear from the scene in the midst of their hopes, carried off by our good friend Death. His messengers and servants are very many, as you see—chills, fevers, wasting sicknesses, inflammations of the lungs, swords, pirate vessels, bowls of hemlock, judges, and tyrants; and no thought of any of these occurs to them while they are prosperous, but when the come to grief, many are the cries of “Oh!” and “Ah!” and “O dear me!” If they had realized at the very beginning that they were mortal, and that after this brief sojourn in the world they would go away as from a dream, taking leave of everything above ground, they would live more sanely and would be less unhappy after death. But as it is, they have imagined that what they have now will be theirs forever, and so, when the servant, standing at their bedside, summons them and hales them off in the bonds of fever or consumption, they make a great to-do about it, for they never expected to be torn away from their gear. For example, that man who is busily building himself a house and driving the workmen on; w hat would not he do if he knew that although the house will be finished, as soon as he gets the roof on, he himself will depart and leave his heir the enjoyment of it without even dining in it, poor fellow? And as for the man over there, who rejoices because his wife has borne him a son and entertains his friends in honour of the occasion and gives the boy his father’s name, if he knew that the boy willdie atthe age of seven, do you think he would rejoice over his birth? No, it is because he sees yonder man who is fortunate in his son, the father of the athlete who has been victor at the Olympic games, but does not see his next door neighbour, who is burying his son, and does not know what manner of thread his own son has been attached to. Again, take those who quarrel about boundaries—you see how numerous they are; likewise those who heap up money and then, before enjoying it, receive a summons from the messengers and servants that I mentioned.
17. Ἑρμῆς: καὶ μὴν οὐδʼ εἰπεῖν ἔχοις ἂν κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ὅπως ἐστὶ καταγέλαστα, ὦ Χάρων, καὶ μάλιστα αἱ ἄγαν σπουδαὶ αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν ἐλπίδων οἴχεσθαι ἀναρπάστους γινομένους ὑπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου Θανάτου. ἄγγελοι δὲ καὶ ὑπηρέται αὐτοῦ μάλα πολλοί, ὡς ὁρᾷς, ἠπίαλοι καὶ πυρετοὶ καὶ φθόαι καὶ περιπλευμονίαι καὶ ξίφη καὶ λῃστήρια καὶ κώνεια καὶ δικασταὶ καὶ τύραννοι· καὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ὅλως αὐτοὺς εἰσέρχεται, ἔστʼ ἂν εὖ πράττωσιν, ὅταν δὲ σφαλῶσι, πολὺ τὸ ὀττοτοῖ καὶ αἰαῖ καὶ οἴμοι. εἰ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐνενόουν ὅτι θνητοί τέ εἰσιν αὐτοὶ καὶ ὀλίγον τοῦτον χρόνον ἐπιδημήσαντες τῷ βίῳ ἀπίασιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ὀνείρατος πάντα ὑπὲρ γῆς ἀφέντες, ἔζων τε ἂν σωφρονέστερον καὶ ἧττον ἠνιῶντο ἀποθανόντες· νῦν δὲ εἰς ἀεὶ ἐλπίσαντες χρήσεσθαι τοῖς παροῦσιν, ἐπειδὰν ἐπιστὰς ὁ ὑπηρέτης καλῇ καὶ ἀπάγῃ πεδήσας τῷ πυρετῷ ἢ τῇ φθόῃ, ἀγανακτοῦσι πρὸς τὴν ἀγωγὴν οὔποτε προσδοκήσαντες ἀποσπασθήσεσθαι αὐτῶν. ἢ τί γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ποιήσειεν ἐκεῖνος ὁ τὴν οἰκίαν σπουδῇ οἰκοδομούμενος καὶ τοὺς ἐργάτας ἐπισπέρχων, εἰ μάθοι ὅτι ἡ μὲν ἕξει τέλος αὐτῷ, ὁ δὲ ἄρτι ἐπιθεὶς τὸν ὄροφον ἄπεισι τῷ κληρονόμῳ καταλιπὼν ἀπολαύειν αὐτῆς, αὐτὸς μηδὲ δειπνήσας ἅθλιος ἐν αὐτῇ; ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ὁ χαίρων ὅτι ἄρρενα παῖδα τέτοκεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνή, καὶ τοὺς φίλους διὰ τοῦτο ἑστιῶν καὶ τοὔνομα τοῦ πατρὸς τιθέμενος, εἰ ἠπίστατο ὡς ἑπτέτης γενόμενος ὁ παῖς τεθνήξεται, ἆρα ἄν σοι δοκεῖ χαίρειν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γεννωμένῳ; ἀλλὰ τὸ αἴτιον, ὅτι τὸν μὲν εὐτυχοῦντα ἐπὶ τῷ παιδὶ ἐκεῖνον ὁρᾷ τὸν τοῦ ἀθλητοῦ πατέρα τοῦ Ὀλύμπια νενικηκότος, τὸν γείτονα δὲ τὸν ἐκκομίζοντα τὸ παιδίον οὐχ ὁρᾷ οὐδὲ οἶδεν ἀφʼ οἵας αὐτῷ κρόκης ἐκρέματο. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ περὶ τῶν ὅρων διαφερομένους ὁρᾷς, ὅσοι εἰσί, καὶ τοὺς συναγείροντας τὰ χρήματα, εἶτα, πρὶν ἀπολαῦσαι αὐτῶν, καλουμένους ὑφʼ ὧν εἶπον τῶν ἀγγέλων τε καὶ ὑπηρετῶν.
18. CHARON: I see all this, and am wondering what pleasure they find in life and what it is that they are distressed to lose. For example, if one considers their kings, who are counted most happy, quite apart from the instability and uncertainty of their fortune which you allude to, one will find that the pleasures which they have are fewer than the pains, for terrors, alarums, enmities, plots, rage, and flattery are with them always. I say nothing of sorrows, diseases, and misadventures, which of course dominate them without partiality; but when their lot is hard, one is driven to conjecture what the lot of common men must be.
18. Χάρων: ὁρῶ ταῦτα πάντα καὶ πρὸς ἐμαυτόν γε ἐννοῶ ὅ τι τὸ ἡδὺ αὐτοῖς παρὰ τὸν βίον ἢ τί ἐκεῖνό ἐστιν, οὗ στερούμενοι ἀγανακτοῦσιν. ἢν γοῦν τοὺς βασιλέας αὐτῶν ἴδῃ τις, οἵπερ εὐδαιμονέστατοι εἶναι δοκοῦσιν, ἔξω τοῦ ἀβεβαίου ὡς φὴς καὶ ἀμφιβόλου τῆς τύχης, πλείω τῶν ἡδέων τὰ ἀνιαρὰ εὑρήσει προσόντα αὐτοῖς, φόβους καὶ ταραχὰς καὶ μίση καὶ ἐπιβουλὰς καὶ ὀργὰς καὶ κολακείας· τούτοις γὰρ ἅπαντες σύνεισιν. ἐῶ πένθη καὶ νόσους καὶ πάθη ἐξ ἰσοτιμίας δηλαδὴ ἄρχοντα αὐτῶν· ὅπου δὲ τὰ τούτων πονηρά, λογίζεσθαι καιρὸς οἷα τὰ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν ἂν εἴη.
19. CHARON: Let me tell you, Hermes, what I think men and the whole life of man resemble. You have noticed bubbles in water, caused by a streamlet plashing down—I mean those that mass to make foam? Some of them, being small, burst and are gone in an instant, while some last longer and as others join them, become swollen and grow to exceeding great compass; but afterwards they also burst without fail in time, for it cannot be otherwise. Such is the life of men; they are all swollen with wind, some to greater size, others to less; and with some the swelling is short-lived and swift-fated, while with others it is over as soon as it comes into being; but in any case they all must burst.
19. Χάρων: ἐθέλω δʼ οὖν σοι, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, εἰπεῖν, ᾧτινι ἐοικέναι μοι ἔδοξαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ ὁ βίος ἅπας αὐτῶν. ἤδη ποτὲ πομφόλυγας ἐν ὕδατι ἐθεάσω ὑπὸ κρουνῷ τινι καταράττοντι ἀνισταμένας; τὰς φυσαλλίδας λέγω, ἀφʼ ὧν συναγείρεται ὁ ἀφρός· ἐκείνων τοίνυν τινὲς μὲν μικραί εἰσι καὶ αὐτίκα ἐκραγεῖσαι ἀπέσβησαν, αἱ δʼ ἐπὶ πλέον διαρκοῦσι· καὶ προσχωρουσῶν αὐταῖς τῶν ἄλλων αὗται ὑπερφυσώμεναι ἐς μέγιστον ὄγκον αἴρονται, ἔπειτα μέντοι κἀκεῖναι πάντως ἐξερράγησάν ποτε· οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε ἄλλως γενέσθαι. τοῦτό ἐστιν ὁ ἀνθρώπου βίος· ἅπαντες ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἐμπεφυσημένοι οἱ μὲν μείζους, οἱ δὲ ἐλάττους· καὶ οἱ μὲν ὀλιγοχρόνιον ἔχουσι καὶ ὠκύμορον τὸ φύσημα, οἱ δὲ ἅμα τῷ συστῆναι ἐπαύσαντο· πᾶσι δʼ οὖν ἀπορραγῆναι ἀναγκαῖον.
HERMES: Charon, your simile is every bit as good as Homer's, who compares the race of man to leaves.
Ἑρμῆς: οὐδὲν χεῖρον σὺ τοῦ Ὁμήρου εἴκασας, ὦ Χάρων, ὃς φύλλοις τὸ γένος αὐτῶν ὁμοιοῖ.
20. CHARON: And although they are like that, Hermes, you see what they do and how ambitious they are, vying with each other for offices, honours, and possessions, all of which they must leave behind them and come down to us with but a single obol. As we are ina high place, would you like me to call out in a great voice and urge them to desist from their vain labours and live always with death before their eyes, saying: “Vain creatures, why have you set your hearts on these things? Cease toiling, for your lives will not endure forever. Nothing that is in honour here is eternal, nor can a man take anything with him when he dies; nay, it is inevitable that he depart naked, and that his house and his land and his money go first to one and then to another, changing their owners.” If I should call to them out of a commanding place and say all this and more, do you not think that they would be greatly assisted in life and made saner by far?
20. Χάρων: καὶ τοιοῦτοι ὄντες, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ὁρᾷς οἷα ποιοῦσι καὶ ὡς φιλοτιμοῦνται πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀρχῶν πέρι καὶ τιμῶν καὶ κτήσεων ἁμιλλώμενοι, ἅπερ ἅπαντα καταλιπόντας αὐτοὺς δεήσει ἕνα ὀβολὸν ἔχοντας ἥκειν παρʼ ἡμᾶς. βούλει οὖν, ἐπείπερ ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ ἐσμέν, ἀναβοήσας παμμέγεθες παραινέσω αὐτοῖς ἀπέχεσθαι μὲν τῶν ματαίων πόνων, ζῆν δὲ ἀεὶ τὸν θάνατον πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἔχοντας, λέγων, ὦ μάταιοι, τί ἐσπουδάκατε περὶ ταῦτα; παύσασθε κάμνοντες· οὐ γὰρ εἰς ἀεὶ βιώσεσθε· οὐδὲν τῶν ἐνταῦθα σεμνῶν ἀΐδιόν ἐστιν, οὐδʼ ἂν ἀπαγάγοι τις αὐτῶν τι σὺν αὑτῷ ἀποθανών, ἀλλʼ ἀνάγκη τὸν μὲν γυμνὸν οἴχεσθαι, τὴν οἰκίαν δὲ καὶ τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ τὸ χρυσίον ἀεὶ ἄλλων εἶναι καὶ μεταβάλλειν τοὺς δεσπότας. εἰ ταῦτα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐξ ἐπηκόου ἐμβοήσαιμι αὐτοῖς, οὐκ ἂν οἴει μεγάλα ὠφεληθῆναι τὸν βίον καὶ σωφρονεστέρους ἂν γενέσθαι παρὰ πολύ;
21. HERMES: My dear fellow, you do not know how Ignorance and Error have served them. Even a drill could not penetrate their ears now, because these dames have stopped them with such quantities of wax, like Odysseus, who did this to his comrades for fear that they might hear the Sirens. How could they hear, then, even if you should crack your lungs with bawling? What lies in the power of Lethe down below is done by Ignorance here. However, there are a few of them who have not admitted the wax into their ears, who are devoted to truth, who look keenly into things and know them for what they are.
21. Ἑρμῆς: ὦ μακάριε, οὐκ οἶσθα ὅπως αὐτοὺς ἡ ἄγνοια καὶ ἡ ἀπάτη διατεθείκασιν, ὡς μηδʼ ἂν τρυπάνῳ ἔτι διανοιχθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὰ ὦτα, τοσούτῳ κηρῷ ἔβυσαν αὐτά, οἷόν περ ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς τοὺς ἑταίρους ἔδρασε δέει τῆς Σειρήνων ἀκροάσεως. πόθεν οὖν ἂν ἐκεῖνοι δυνηθεῖεν ἀκοῦσαι, ἢν καὶ σὺ κεκραγὼς διαρραγῇς; ὅπερ γὰρ παρʼ ὑμῖν ἡ Λήθη δύναται, τοῦτο ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἄγνοια ἐργάζεται. πλὴν ἀλλὰ εἰσὶν αὐτῶν ὀλίγοι οὐ παραδεδεγμένοι τὸν κηρὸν ἐς τὰ ὦτα, πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀποκλίνοντες, ὀξὺ δεδορκότες ἐς τὰ πράγματα καὶ κατεγνωκότες οἷά ἐστιν.
CHARON: Then let us call to them at least.
Χάρων: οὐκοῦν ἐκείνοις γοῦν ἐμβοήσωμεν.
HERMES: It would be superfluous to tell them what they know. You see how they stand aloof from the masses and laugh at what goes on; they are not in the least satisfied with it all, but are clearly planning to make their escape from life to your own regions. Indeed, they have reason, for they are disliked because they expose the follies of man. ¢ CHARON: Well done, staunch souls! But they are very few, Hermes.
Ἑρμῆς: περιττὸν καὶ τοῦτο, λέγειν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἃ ἴσασιν. ὁρᾷς ὅπως ἀποσπάσαντες τῶν πολλῶν καταγελῶσι τῶν γιγνομένων καὶ οὐδαμῆ οὐδαμῶς ἀρέσκονται αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ δῆλοί εἰσι δρασμὸν ἤδη βουλεύοντες παρʼ ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου. καὶ γὰρ καὶ μισοῦνται ἐλέγχοντες αὐτῶν τὰς ἀμαθίας.Χάρων: εὖ γε, ὦ γεννάδαι· πλὴν πάνυ ὀλίγοι εἰσίν, ὦ Ἑρμῆ.
HERMES: Even these are enough. But let us go down now.
Ἑρμῆς: ἱκανοὶ καὶ οὗτοι. ἀλλὰ κατίωμεν ἤδη.
22. CHARON: There is one thing more that I wanted to know about, Hermes, and when you point it out to me you will have done your full duty as guide; it is to see the places where they stow the bodies, where they bury them, I mean.
22. Χάρων: Ἓν ἔτι ἐπόθουν, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, εἰδέναι, καί μοι δείξας αὐτὸ ἐντελῆ ἔσῃ τὴν περιήγησιν πεποιημένος, τὰς ἀποθήκας τῶν σωμάτων, ἵνα κατορύττουσι, θεάσασθαι.
HERMES: They call such places vaults, tombs and graves. Do you see those heaps of earth and slabs of stone and pyramids in front of the cities? All those are for the reception of corpses and the storage of bodies.
Ἑρμῆς: ἠρία, ὦ Χάρων, καὶ τύμβους καὶ τάφους καλοῦσι τὰ τοιαῦτα. πλὴν τὰ πρὸ τῶν πόλεων ἐκεῖνα τὰ χώματα ὁρᾷς καὶ τὰς στήλας καὶ πυραμίδας; ἐκεῖνα πάντα νεκροδοχεῖα καὶ σωματοφυλάκιά ἐστιν.
CHARON: Why is it, then, that those people are putting garlands on the stones and anointing them with perfume? There are others also who have built pyres in front of the mounds and have dug trenches, and now they are burning up those fine dinners and pouring wine and mead, as far as one may judge, into the ditches.
Χάρων: τί οὖν ἐκεῖνοι στεφανοῦσι τοὺς λίθους καὶ χρίουσι μύρῳ; οἱ δὲ καὶ πυρὰν νήσαντες πρὸ τῶν χωμάτων καὶ βόθρον τινὰ ὀρύξαντες καίουσί τε ταυτὶ τὰ πολυτελῆ δεῖπνα καὶ εἰς τὰ ὀρύγματα οἶνον καὶ μελίκρατον, ὡς γοῦν εἰκάσαι, ἐγχέουσιν;
HERMES: I don’t know what good these things are to men in Hades, ferryman; they are convinced, however, that the souls, allowed to come up from below, get their dinner as best they may by flitting about the smoke and steam and drink the mead out of the trench.
Ἑρμῆς: οὐκ οἶδα, ὦ πορθμεῦ, τί ταῦτα πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἅιδου· πεπιστεύκασι δʼ οὖν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀναπεμπομένας κάτωθεν δειπνεῖν μὲν ὡς οἷόν τε περιπετομένας τὴν κνῖσαν καὶ τὸν καπνόν, πίνειν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ βόθρου τὸ μελίκρατον.
CHARON: What, they eat and drink, when their skulls are dry as tinder? But it is silly for me to tell that to you, who bring them down below every day; you know whether they can come back to earth when they have once gone under ground! I should be in a fine predicament, Hermes, and should have no end of trouble if I were obliged not only to bring them down but to bring them up to drink! What folly, the idiots! They do not know what an impassable frontier divides the world of the dead from the world of the living, and what it is like among us; thatDeath maketh mortals alike, be they buried or lying unburied.Equal is lrus the beggar in honour to King Agamemnon;Fair-haired Thetis’ son is no better a man than Thersites,Aye, they are all of them nothing but skeleton relics of dead men,Bare, dry bones that are scattered about in the asphodel meadow.
Χάρων: ἐκείνους ἔτι πίνειν ἢ ἐσθίειν, ὧν τὰ κρανία ξηρότατα; καίτοι γελοῖός εἰμι σοὶ λέγων ταῦτα ὁσημέραι κατάγοντι αὐτούς. οἶσθα οὖν εἰ δύναιντʼ ἂν ἔτι ἀνελθεῖν ἅπαξ ὑποχθόνιοι γενόμενοι. ἐπεί τοι καὶ παγγέλοια ἄν, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ἔπασχον, οὐκ ὀλίγα πράγματα ἔχων, εἰ ἔδει μὴ κατάγειν μόνον αὐτούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὖθις ἀνάγειν πιομένους. ὦ μάταιοι, τῆς ἀνοίας, οὐκ εἰδότες ἡλίκοις ὅροις διακέκριται τὰ νεκρῶν καὶ τὰ ζώντων πράγματα καὶ οἷα τὰ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἐστι καὶ ὅτικάτθανʼ ὁμῶς ὅ τʼ ἄτυμβος ἀνὴρ ὅς τʼ ἔλλαχε τύμβου,ἐν δὲ ἰῇ τιμῇ Ἶρος κρείων τʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·Θερσίτῃ δʼ ἶσος Θέτιδος παῖς ἠϋκόμοιοπάντες δʼ εἰσὶν ὁμῶς νεκύων ἀμενηνὰ κάρηνα,γυμνοί τε ξηροί τε κατʼ ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα.
23. HERMES: Heracles! What a lot of Homer you are baling out! Now you have put me in mind of him, I want to show you the tomb of Achilles. Do you see it, there by the seaside?_ Sigeum in Troy is over there, and opposite to it Ajax lies buried on Rhoeteum.
23. Ἑρμῆς: Ἡράκλεις, ὡς πολὺν τὸν Ὅμηρον ἐπαντλεῖς. ἀλλʼ ἐπείπερ ἀνέμνησας, ἐθέλω σοι δεῖξαι τὸν τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως τάφον. ὁρᾷς τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ; Σίγειον μὲν ἐκεῖθέν ἐστι τὸ Τρωϊκόν· ἀντικρὺ δὲ ὁ Αἴας τέθαπται ἐν τῷ Ῥοιτείῳ.
CHARON: The tombs are not large, Hermes. But now show me the prominent cities that we hear of down below, Nineveh, the city of Sardanapalus, Babylon, Mycenae, Cleonae, and Troy itself; I remember that I set a great many from that place across the ferry, so that for ten whole years I couldn’t dock my boat or dry her out.
Χάρων: οὐ μεγάλοι, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, οἱ τάφοι. τὰς πόλεις δὲ τὰς ἐπισήμους δεῖξόν μοι ἤδη, ἃς κάτω ἀκούομεν, τὴν Νίνον τὴν Σαρδαναπάλλου καὶ Βαβυλῶνα καὶ Μυκήνας καὶ Κλεωνὰς καὶ τὴν Ἴλιον αὐτήν· πολλοὺς γοῦν μέμνημαι διαπορθμεύσας ἐκεῖθεν, ὡς δέκα ὅλων ἐτῶν μὴ νεωλκῆσαι μηδὲ διαψῦξαι τὸ σκαφίδιον.
HERMES: As for Nineveh, ferryman, it is already gone and there is nota trace of it left now; you couldn't even say where it was. But there you have Babylon, the city of the beautiful towers and the great wall, which will itself soon have to be searched for like Nineveh. I am ashamed to show you Mycenae and Cleonae, and Troy above all; for I know right well that when you go down-you will throttle Homer for the boastfulness of his poems. Yet they were once flourishing, though now they too are dead; cities die as well as men, ferryman, and, what is more, even whole rivers. In fact, even the grave of Inachus no longer survives in Argos.
Ἑρμῆς: ἡ Νίνος μέν, ὦ πορθμεῦ, ἀπόλωλεν ἤδη καὶ οὐδὲ ἴχνος ἔτι λοιπὸν αὐτῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν εἴποις ὅπου ποτὲ ἦν· ἡ Βαβυλὼν δέ σοι ἐκείνη ἐστὶν ἡ εὔπυργος, ἡ τὸν μέγαν περίβολον, οὐ μετὰ πολὺ καὶ αὐτὴ ζητηθησομένη ὥσπερ ἡ Νίνος· Μυκήνας δὲ καὶ Κλεωνὰς αἰσχύνομαι δεῖξαί σοι, καὶ μάλιστα τὸ Ἴλιον. ἀποπνίξεις γὰρ εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι τὸν Ὅμηρον κατελθὼν ἐπὶ τῇ μεγαληγορίᾳ τῶν ἐπῶν. πλὴν ἀλλὰ πάλαι μὲν ἦσαν εὐδαίμονες, νῦν δὲ τεθνᾶσι καὶ αὗται· ἀποθνήσκουσι γάρ, ὦ πορθμεῦ, καὶ πόλεις ὥσπερ ἄνθρωποι, καὶ τὸ παραδοξότατον, καὶ ποταμοὶ ὅλοι· Ἰνάχου γοῦν οὐδὲ τάφος ἔτι ἐν Ἄργει καταλείπεται.
CHARON: That for your praises, Homer, and your adjectives — “hallowed,” “wide-wayed”” Troy and “well-built” Cleonae!
Χάρων: παπαὶ τῶν ἐπαίνων, Ὅμηρε, καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων, Ἴλιος ἱρὴ καὶ εὐρυάγυια καὶ ἐϋκτίμεναι Κλεωναί.
24. CHARON: But while we are talking, who are those people at war yonder, and why are they killing each other?
24. Χάρων: ἀλλὰ μεταξὺ λόγων, τίνες ἐκεῖνοί εἰσιν οἱ πολεμοῦντες ἢ ὑπὲρ τίνος ἀλλήλους φονεύουσιν;
HERMES: You are looking at the Argives and Spartans, Charon, and over there is the dying general Othryadas, the one who is writing on the trophy in his own blood.
Ἑρμῆς: Ἀργείους ὁρᾷς, ὦ Χάρων, καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ τὸν ἡμιθνῆτα ἐκεῖνον στρατηγὸν Ὀθρυάδαν τὸν ἐπιγράφοντα τὸ τρόπαιον τῷ αὑτοῦ αἵματι.
CHARON: What is their war about, Hermes?
Χάρων: ὑπὲρ τίνος δʼ αὐτοῖς, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ὁ πόλεμος;
HERMES: About the very plain in which they are fighting.
Ἑρμῆς: ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου αὐτοῦ, ἐν ᾧ μάχονται.
CHARON: What folly! They do not know that even if any one of them should acquire the whole Peloponnese, he could hardly get Aeacus to give him a foot of space. And as for this plain, it will be tilled by one race after another, and many a time they will turn the trophy up out of the depths with the plough.
Χάρων: ὢ τῆς ἀνοίας, οἵ γε οὐκ ἴσασιν ὅτι, κἂν ὅλην τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἕκαστος αὐτῶν κτήσωνται, μόγις ἂν ποδιαῖον λάβοιεν τόπον παρὰ τοῦ Αἰακοῦ· τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο ἄλλοτε ἄλλοι γεωργήσουσι πολλάκις ἐκ βάθρων τὸ τρόπαιον ἀνασπάσαντες τῷ ἀρότρῳ.
HERMES: True. But now let’s get down and replace the mountains, and then go our ways, I on my crrand and you to your ferry. I will follow vou soon with a convoy of dead.
Ἑρμῆς: οὕτω μὲν ταῦτα ἔσται· ἡμεῖς δὲ καταβάντες ἤδη καὶ κατὰ χώραν εὐθετήσαντες αὖθις τὰ ὄρη ἀπαλλαττώμεθα, ἐγὼ μὲν καθʼ ἃ ἐστάλην, σὺ δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ πορθμεῖον· ἥξω δέ σοι καὶ αὐτὸς μετʼ ὀλίγον νεκροστολῶν.
CHARON: I am much obliged to you, Hermes; you shall be written down for ever as a benefactor. ‘Thanks to you, I have had some profit from my journey. How silly are the ways of unhappy mankind, with their kings, golden ingots, funeral rites and battles—but never a thought of Charon!
Χάρων: εὖ γε ἐποίησας, ὦ Ἑρμῆ· εὐεργέτης εἰς ἀεὶ ἀναγεγράψῃ, ὠνάμην γάρ τι διὰ σὲ τῆς ἀποδημίας. — οἷά ἐστι τὰ τῶν κακοδαιμόνων ἀνθρώπων πράγματα — βασιλεῖς, πλίνθοι χρυσαῖ, ἐπιτύμβια, μάχαι· Χάρωνος δὲ οὐδεὶς λόγος.