---
title: "Herodotus, or Aetion · Ἡρόδοτος ἢ Ἀετίων"
author: "Lucian"
translator: "Kenneth Kilburn"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
url: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-herodotus/
cite: "Lucian, tr. Kenneth Kilburn, Herodotus, or Aetion · Ἡρόδοτος ἢ Ἀετίων. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-herodotus/"
---

# Herodotus, or Aetion · Ἡρόδοτος ἢ Ἀετίων

*Lucian, tr. Kenneth Kilburn*

How Herodotus won fame by reading his history at Olympia, and the painter Aetion’s wedding of Alexander and Roxana.

> Greek: ed. Kenneth Kilburn, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0062.tlg056, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: Kenneth Kilburn, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0062.tlg056.perseus-eng3). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## Contents

1. [Sections 1–8](https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-herodotus/1.md)

## 1. Sections 1–8

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-herodotus/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-herodotus/1/#p-N

[¶0] 1. I wish it were possible to imitate Herodotus’s other qualities too. I do not mean all and everyone (this would be too much to pray for) but just one of them—whether the beauty of his diction, the careful arrangement of his words, the aptness of his native Ionic, his extraordinary power of thought, or the countless jewels which he has wrought into a unity beyond hope of imitation. But where you and I and everyone else can imitate him is in what he did with his composition and in the speed with which he became an established man of repute throughout the whole Greek world. As soon as he sailed from his home in Caria straight for Greece, he bethought himself of the quickest and least troublesome path to fame and a reputation for both himself and his works. To travel round reading his works, now in Athens, now in Corinth or Argos or Lacedaemon in turn, he thought a long and tedious undertaking that would waste much time. The division of his task and the consequent delay in the gradual acquisition of a reputation did not appeal to him, and he formed the plan of winning the hearts of all the Greeks at once somewhere if he could. The great Olympian games were at hand, and Herodotus thought this the opportunity he had been hoping for. He waited for a packed audience to assemble, one containing the most eminent men from all Greece; he appeared in the temple chamber, presenting himself as a competitor for an Olympic honour, not as a spectator; then he recited his Histories and so bewitched his audience that his books were called after the Muses, for they too were nine in number.

> Greek: 1. Ἡροδότου εἴθε μὲν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα μιμήσασθαι δυνατὸν ἦν. οὐ πάντα φημὶ ὅσα προσῆν αὐτῷ (μεῖζον γὰρ εὐχῆς τοῦτό γε) ἀλλὰ κἂν ἓν ἐκ τῶν ἁπάντων—οἷον ἢ κάλλος τῶν λόγων ἢ ἁρμονίαν αὐτῶν ἢ τὸ οἰκεῖον τῇ Ἰωνίᾳ καὶ προσφυὲς ἢ τῆς γνώμης τὸ περιττὸν ἢ ὅσα μυρία καλὰ ἐκεῖνος ἅμα πάντα συλλαβὼν ἔχει πέρα τῆς εἰς μίμησιν ἐλπίδος. ἃ δὲ ἐποίησεν ἐπὶ τοῖς συγγράμμασιν καὶ ὡς πολλοῦ ἄξιος τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἅπασιν ἐν βραχεῖ κατέστη, καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ καὶ ἄλλος ἂν μιμησαίμεθα. Πλεύσας γὰρ οἴκοθεν ἐκ τῆς Καρίας εὐθὺ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐσκοπεῖτο πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ὅπως ἂν τάχιστα καὶ ἀπραγμονέστατα ἐπίσημος καὶ περιβόητος γένοιτο καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ τὰ συγγραμμάτια. τὸ μὲν οὖν περινοστοῦντα νῦν μὲν Ἀθηναίοις, νῦν δὲ Κορινθίοις ἀναγινώσκειν ἢ Ἀργείοις ἢ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐν τῷ μέρει, ἐργῶδες καὶ μακρὸν ἡγεῖτο εἶναι καὶ τριβὴν οὐ μικρὰν ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἔσεσθαι. οὔκουν ἠξίου διασπᾶν τὸ πρᾶγμα οὐδὲ κατὰ διαίρεσιν οὕτω κατ' ὀλίγον ἀγείρειν καὶ συλλέγειν τὴν γνῶσιν, ἐπεβούλευε δέ, εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη, ἀθρόους που λαβεῖν τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἅπαντας. ἐνίσταται οὖν Ὀλύμπια τὰ μεγάλα, καὶ ὁ Ἡρόδοτος τοῦτ' ἐκεῖνο ἥκειν οἱ νομίσας τὸν καιρόν, οὗ μάλιστα ἐγλίχετο, πλήθουσαν τηρήσας τὴν πανήγυριν, ἁπανταχόθεν ἤδη τῶν ἀρίστων συνειλεγμένων, παρελθὼν ἐς τὸν ὀπισθόδομον οὐ θεατήν, ἀλλ’ ἀγωνιστὴν Ὀλυμπίων παρεῖχεν ἑαυτὸν ᾄδων τὰς ἱστορίας καὶ κηλῶν τοὺς παρόντας, ἄχρι τοῦ καὶ Μούσας κληθῆναι τὰς βίβλους αὐτοῦ, ἐννέα καὶ αὐτὰς οὔσας.

[¶1] 2. By this time he was much better known than the Olympic victors themselves. There was no one who had not heard the name of Herodotus—some at Olympia itself, others from those who brought the story back from the festival. He had only to appear and he was pointed out: “That is that Herodotus who wrote the tale of the Persian Wars in Ionic and celebrated our victories.” Such were the fruits of his Histories. In a single meeting he won the universal approbation of all Greece and his name was proclaimed not indeed just by one herald but in every city that had sent spectators to the festival.

> Greek: 2. Ἤδη οὖν ἅπαντες αὐτὸν ᾔδεσαν πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἢ τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας αὐτούς. καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις ἀνήκοος ἦν τοῦ Ἡροδότου ὀνόματος—οἱ μὲν αὐτοὶ ἀκούσαντες ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, οἱ δὲ τῶν ἐκ τῆς πανηγύρεως ἡκόντων πυνθανόμενοι· καὶ εἴ πού γε φανείη μόνον, ἐδείκνυτο ἂν τῷ δακτύλῳ, Οὗτος ἐκεῖνος Ἡρόδοτός ἐστιν ὁ τὰς μάχας τὰς Περσικὰς Ἰαστὶ συγγεγραφώς, ὁ τὰς νίκας ἡμῶν ὑμνήσας. τοιαῦτα ἐκεῖνος ἀπέλαυσε τῶν ἱστοριῶν, ἐν μιᾷ συνόδῳ πάνδημόν τινα καὶ κοινὴν ψῆφον τῆς Ἑλλάδος λαβὼν καὶ ἀνακηρυχθεὶς οὐχ ὑφ' ἑνὸς μὰ Δία κήρυκος, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἁπάσῃ πόλει, ὅθεν ἕκαστος ἦν τῶν πανηγυριστῶν.

[¶2] 3. The lesson was learnt. This was the short-cut to glory. Hippias the sophist was a native of the place, and he and Prodicus from Ceos and Anaximenes from Chios and Polus from Acragas and scores of others always gave their recitations in person before the assembled spectators and by this means soon won reputations.

> Greek: 3. Ὅπερ ὕστερον κατανοήσαντες, ἐπίτομόν τινα ταύτην ὁδὸν ἐς γνῶσιν, Ἱππίας τε ὁ ἐπιχώριος αὐτῶν σοφιστὴς καὶ Πρόδικος ὁ Κεῖος καὶ Ἀναξιμένης ὁ Χῖος καὶ Πῶλος ὁ Ἀκραγαντῖνος καὶ ἄλλοι συχνοὶ λόγους ἔλεγον ἀεὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ πρὸς τὴν πανήγυριν, ἀφ' ὧν γνώριμοι ἐν βραχεῖ ἐγίγνοντο.

[¶3] 4. But why need I mention those old sophists, historians, and chroniclers when there is the recent story of Aëtion the painter who showed off his picture of The Marriage of Roxana and Alexander at Olympia? Proxenides, one of the chief judges there at that time, was delighted with his talent and made Aëtion his son-in-law.

> Greek: 4. Καὶ τί σοι τοὺς παλαιοὺς ἐκείνους λέγω σοφιστὰς καὶ συγγραφέας καὶ λογογράφους ὅπου τὰ τελευταῖα ταῦτα καὶ Ἀετίωνά φασι τὸν ζωγράφον συγγράψαντα τὸν Ῥωξάνης καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου γάμον εἰς Ὀλυμπίαν καὶ αὐτὸν ἀγαγόντα τὴν εἰκόνα ἐπιδείξασθαι, ὥστε Προξενίδαν Ἑλλανοδίκην τότε ὄντα ἡσθέντα τῇ τέχνῃ γαμβρὸν ποιήσασθαι τὸν Ἀετίωνα;

[¶4] 5. You may well wonder at the quality of his work that induced a chief judge of the games to give his daughter in marriage to a stranger like Aëtion. The picture is actually in Italy; I have seen it myself and can describe it to you. The scene is a very beautiful chamber, and in it there is a bridal couch with Roxana, a very lovely maiden, sitting upon it, her eyes cast down in modesty, for Alexander is standing there. There are smiling Cupids: one is standing behind her removing the veil from her head and showing Roxana to her husband; another like a true servant is taking the sandal off her foot, already preparing her for bed; a third Cupid has hold of Alexander’s cloak and is pulling him with all his might towards Roxana. The king himself is holding out a garland to the maiden and their best man and helper, Hephaestion, is there with a blazing torch in his hand, leaning on a very handsome youth—I think he is Hymenaeus (his name is not inscribed). On the other side of the picture are more Cupids playing among Alexander’s armour; two of them are carrying his spear, pretending to be labourers burdened under a beam; two others are dragging a third, their king no doubt, on the shield, holding it by the handgrips; another has gone inside the corslet, which is lying breast-up on the ground—he seems to be lying in ambush to frighten the others when they drag the shield past him.

> Greek: 5. Καὶ τί τὸ θαῦμα ἐνῆν τῇ γραφῇ αὐτοῦ, ἤρετό τις, ὡς τὸν Ἑλλανοδίκην δι’ αὐτὸ οὐκ ἐπιχωρίῳ τῷ Ἀετίωνι συνάψασθαι τῆς θυγατρὸς τὸν γάμον; ἔστιν ἡ εἰκὼν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ, κἀγὼ εἶδον ὥστε καὶ σοὶ ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοιμι. θάλαμός ἐστι περικαλλὴς καὶ κλίνη νυμφική, καὶ ἡ Ῥωξάνη κάθηται πάγκαλόν τι χρῆμα παρθένου ἐς γῆν ὁρῶσα, αἰδουμένη ἑστῶτα τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον. Ἔρωτες δέ τινες μειδιῶντες· ὁ μὲν κατόπιν ἐφεστὼς ἀπάγει τῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν καλύπτραν καὶ δείκνυσι τῷ νυμφίῳ τὴν Ῥωξάνην, ὁ δὲ τις μάλα δουλικῶς ἀφαιρεῖ τὸ σανδάλιον ἐκ τοῦ ποδός ὡς κατακλίνοιτο ἤδη, ἄλλος τῆς χλανίδος τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἐπειλημμένος, Ἔρως καὶ οὗτος, ἕλκει αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν Ῥωξάνην πάνυ βιαίως ἐπισπώμενος. ὁ βασιλεὺς δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν στέφανόν τινα ὀρέγει τῇ παιδί, πάροχος δὲ καὶ νυμφαγωγὸς Ἡφαιστίων συμπάρεστι δᾷδα καιομένην ἔχων, μειρακίῳ πάνυ ὡραίῳ ἐπερειδόμενος—Ὑμέναιος οἶμαί ἐστιν (οὐ γὰρ ἐπεγέγραπτο τοὔνομα). ἑτέρωθι δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος ἄλλοι Ἔρωτες παίζουσιν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου, δύο μὲν τὴν λόγχην αὐτοῦ φέροντες, μιμούμενοι τοὺς ἀχθοφόρους ὁπότε δοκὸν φέροντες βαροῖντο· ἄλλοι δὲ δύο ἕνα τινὰ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσπίδος κατακείμενον, βασιλέα δῆθεν καὶ αὐτόν, σύρουσιν τῶν ὀχάνων τῆς ἀσπίδος ἐπειλημμένοι· εἷς δὲ δὴ ἐς τὸν θώρακα ἐσελθὼν ὕπτιον κείμενον λοχῶντι ἔοικεν, ὡς φοβήσειεν αὐτούς, ὁπότε κατ' αὐτὸν γένοιντο σύροντες.

[¶5] 6. All this is not needless triviality and a waste of labour. Aëtion is calling attention to Alexander’s other love—War—, implying that in his love of Roxana he did not forget his armour. A further point about the picture itself is that it had a real matrimonial significance of quite a different sort—it courted Proxenides’ daughter for Aëtion! So as a by-product of his Alexander’s Wedding he came away with a wife himself and the King for best-man. His reward for his marriage of the imagination was a real-life marriage of his own.

> Greek: 6. Οὐ παιδιὰ δὲ ἄλλως ταῦτά ἐστιν οὐδὲ περιείργασται ἐν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἀετίων, ἀλλὰ δηλοῖ τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τὸν ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ ἔρωτα, καὶ ὅτι ἅμα καὶ Ῥωξάνης ἤρα καὶ τῶν ὅπλων οὐκ ἐπελέληστο. πλὴν ἀλλ’ ἥ γε εἰκὼν αὐτὴ καὶ ἄλλως γαμήλιόν τι ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας διεφάνη ἔχουσα, προμνησαμένη τῷ Ἀετίωνι τὴν τοῦ Προξενίδου θυγατέρα. καὶ ἀπῆλθε γήμας καὶ αὐτός, πάρεργον τῶν Ἀλεξάνδρου γάμων, ὑπὸ νυμφαγωγῷ τῷ βασιλεῖ, μισθὸν εἰκασμένου γάμου προσλαβὼν ἀληθῆ γάμον.

[¶6] 7. Herodotus then (to return to him) thought the Olympic festival a suitable shop-window for showing the Greeks such a wonderful historian of the Greek victories as himself. As for me—and in the name of the God of Friendship do not think me mad or that I am comparing my works to his, bless him—I declare that my case and his are alike. When I first came to live in Macedonia, I wondered what should be policy. My dearest wish was to become known to you all and to show off my works to as many in Macedonia as I could; but to go round visiting each city in person at that time of the year seemed an arduous undertaking, whereas I thought that if I took the occasion of this present festival of your nation and made my appearance and gave my lecture then, my prayers must surely be answered.

> Greek: 7. Ἡρόδοτος μὲν οὖν (ἐπάνειμι γὰρ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον) ἱκανὴν τῶν Ὀλυμπίων τὴν πανήγυριν ἡγεῖτο καὶ συγγραφέα θαυμαστὸν δεῖξαι τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὰς Ἑλληνικὰς νίκας διεξιόντα, ὡς ἐκεῖνος διεξῆλθεν. ἐγὼ δὲ—καὶ πρὸς Φιλίου μή με κορυβαντιᾶν ὑπολάβητε μηδὲ τἀμὰ εἰκάζειν τοῖς ἐκείνου, ἵλεως ὁ ἀνήρ—ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γε ὅμοιον παθεῖν φημι αὐτῷ. ὅτε γὰρ τὸ πρῶτον ἐπεδήμησα τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν ἐσκόπουν ὅ τι μοι χρηστέον τῷ πράγματι. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἔρως οὗτος ἦν ἅπασιν ὑμῖν γνωσθῆναι καὶ ὅτι πλείστοις Μακεδόνων δεῖξαι τἀμά· τὸ δὲ αὐτὸν περιιόντα τηνικαῦτα τοῦ ἔτους συγγίγνεσθαι τῇ πόλει ἑκάστῃ οὐκ εὐμαρὲς ἐφαίνετο, εἰ δὲ τηρήσαιμι τήνδε ὑμῶν τὴν σύνοδον, εἶτα παρελθὼν ἐς μέσον δείξαιμι τὸν λόγον, ἐς δέον οὕτως ἀποβήσεσθαί μοι τὰ τῆς εὐχῆς.

[¶7] 8. Here you are then gathered together, the cream of every city, the very epitome of all Macedonia, in the country’s finest city, so different, thank goodness, from Pisa with its lack of space, its tents and huts, its stifling heat; nor is my audience a vulgar mob more keen on seeing athletics, most of them thinking Herodotus of secondary importance. No, there are the finest orators, historians, and rhetoricians—no small matter indeed that my arena should not seem far inferior to Olympia. Compare me with Polydamas, Glaucus, and Milo, and I know that you will judge me imprudent. But remember them less and strip me and look at me as I am, and then perhaps you will not find me altogether deserving of the whip. My arena being what it is, I should not find even this judgment unsatisfactory.

> Greek: 8. Αὐτοί τε οὖν ἤδη συνεληλύθατε, ὅ τι περ ὄφελος ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως, αὐτὸ δὴ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἁπάντων Μακεδόνων, καὶ ὑποδέχεται πόλις ἡ ἀρίστη οὖσα οὐ κατὰ Πίσαν μὰ Δί' οὐδὲ τὴν κεῖθι στενοχωρίαν καὶ σκηνὰς καὶ καλύβας καὶ πνῖγος· οἵ τε αὖ πανηγυρισταὶ οὐ συρφετώδης ὄχλος, ἀθλητῶν μᾶλλον φιλοθεάμονες, ἐν παρέργῳ οἱ πολλοὶ τὸν Ἡρόδοτον τιθέμενοι, ἀλλὰ ῥητόρων τε καὶ συγγραφέων καὶ σοφιστῶν οἱ δοκιμώτατοι—ὅσον οὐ μικρὸν ἤδη, μὴ τοὐμὸν παρὰ πολὺ ἐνδεέστερον φαίνηται τῶν Ὀλυμπίων. ἀλλ’ ἢν μὲν ὑμεῖς Πολυδάμαντι ἢ Γλαύκῳ ἢ Μίλωνι παραθεωρῆτέ με, κομιδῇ ὑμῖν δόξω θρασὺς ἄνθρωπος εἶναι. ἢν δὲ πολὺ ἐκείνων ἀπαγαγόντες τὴν μνήμην ἐπ' ἐμαυτοῦ μόνου ἀποδύσαντες ἴδητε, τάχ' ἂν οὐ πάνυ μαστιγώσιμος ὑμῖν δόξαιμι. ὡς ἔν γε τηλικούτῳ σταδίῳ ἱκανὸν ἐμοὶ γοῦν καὶ τοῦτο.