--- title: "My Native Land · Πατρίδος Ἐγκώμιον" author: "Lucian" translator: "Henry Watson Fowler" languages: [grc, en] shelf: "Classical Greek" section: 1 of 1 url: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-my-native-land/1/ cite: "Lucian, tr. Henry Watson Fowler, My Native Land · Πατρίδος Ἐγκώμιον, section 1. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-my-native-land/1/" --- # My Native Land · Πατρίδος Ἐγκώμιον *Lucian, tr. Henry Watson Fowler* A short praise of one’s own country. > Greek: ed. Austin Morris Harmon, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0062.tlg010, CC BY-SA 4.0). > English: Henry Watson Fowler, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0062.tlg010.perseus-eng4). Notes are not included. > Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence. ## 1. Sections 1–12 Source: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-my-native-land/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-my-native-land/1/#p-N [¶0] 1. It is a truism with no pretensions to novelty that there is nothing sweeter than one’s country. Does that imply that, though there is nothing pleasanter, there may be something grander or more divine? Why, of all that men reckon grand and divine their country is the source and teacher, originating, developing, inculcating. For great and brilliant and splendidly equipped cities many men have admiration, but for their own all men have love. No man—not the most enthusiastic sightseer that ever was—is so dazzled by foreign wonders as to forget his own land. > Greek: 1. ὅτι μὲν οὐδὲν γλύκιον ἧς πατρίδος, φθάνει προτεθρυλημένον. ἆρʼ οὖν ἥδιον μὲν οὐδέν, σεμνότερον δέ τι καὶ θειότερον ἄλλο; καὶ μὴν ὅσα σεμνὰ καὶ θεῖα νομίζουσιν ἄνθρωποι, τούτων πατρὶς αἰτία καὶ διδάσκαλος, γεννησαμένη καὶ ἀναθρεψαμένη καὶ παιδευσαμένη. πόλεων μὲν οὖν μεγέθη καὶ λαμπρότητας καὶ πολυτελείας κατασκευῶν θαυμάζουσι πολλοί, πατρίδας δὲ στέργουσι πάντες· καὶ τοσοῦτον οὐδεὶς ἐξηπατήθη τῶν καὶ πάνυ κεκρατημένων ὑπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὴν θέαν ἡδονῆς, ὡς ὑπὸ τῆς ὑπερβολῆς τῶν παρʼ ἄλλοις θαυμάτων λήθην ποιήσασθαι τῆς πατρίδος. [¶1] 2. He who boasts that he is a citizen of no mean city misses, it seems to me, the true patriotism; he suggests that it would be a mortification to him to belong to a State less distinguished. It is country in the abstract that I delight rather to honour. It is well enough when you are comparing States to investigate the questions of size or beauty or markets; but when it is a matter of choosing a country, no one would exchange his own for one more glorious; he may wish that his own resembled those more highly blest, but he will choose it, defects and all. > Greek: 2. ὅστις μὲν οὖν σεμνύνεται πολίτης ὢν εὐδαίμονος πόλεως, ἀγνοεῖν μοι δοκεῖ τίνα χρὴ τιμὴν ἀπονέμειν τῇ πατρίδι, καὶ ὁ τοιοῦτος δῆλός ἐστιν ἀχθόμενος ἄν, εἰ μετριωτέρας ἔλαχε τῆς πατρίδος· ἐμοὶ δὲ ἥδιον αὐτὸ τιμᾶν τὸ τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα. πόλεις μὲν γὰρ παραβαλεῖν πειρωμένῳ προσήκει μέγεθος ἐξετάζειν καὶ κάλλος καὶ τὴν τῶν ὠνίων ἀφθονίαν· ὅπου δʼ αἵρεσίς ἐστι πόλεων, οὐδεὶς ἂν ἕλοιτο τὴν λαμπροτέραν ἐάσας τὴν πατρίδα, ἀλλʼ εὔξαιτο μὲν ἂν εἶναι καὶ τὴν πατρίδα ταῖς εὐδαίμοσι παραπλησίαν, ἕλοιτο δʼ ἂν τὴν ὁποιανοῦν. [¶2] 3. It is the same with loyal sons, or good fathers. A young man who has the right stuff in him will honour no man above his father; nor will a father set his affections on some other young man to the neglect of his son. On the contrary, fathers are so convinced of their children’s being better than they really are, that they reckon them the handsomest, the tallest, the most accomplished of their generation. Any one who does not judge his offspring thus I cannot allow to have the father’s eye. > Greek: 3. τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι τῶν παίδων πράττουσιν καὶ οἱ χρηστοὶ τῶν πατέρων· οὔτε γὰρ νέος καλὸς κἀγαθὸς ἄλλον ἂν προτιμήσαι τοῦ πατρὸς οὔτε πατὴρ καταμελήσας τοῦ παιδὸς ἕτερον ἂν στέρξαι νέον, ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτόν γε οἱ πατέρες νικώμενοι προσνέμουσι τοῖς παισίν, ὥστε καὶ κάλλιστοι καὶ μέγιστοι καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἄριστα κεκοσμημένοι οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῖς εἶναι δοκοῦσιν. ὅστις δὲ μὴ τοιοῦτός ἐστι δικαστὴς πρὸς τὸν υἱόν, οὐ δοκεῖ μοι πατρὸς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχειν. [¶3] 4. The fatherland! it is the first and the nearest of all names. It is true there is nothing nearer than a father; but a man who duly honours his father, according to the dictates of law and nature, will yet be right to honour his fatherland in still higher degree; for that father himself belongs to the fatherland; so does his father’s father, and all his house back and back, till the line ends with the Gods our fathers. > Greek: 4. πατρίδος τοίνυν τὸ ὄνομα πρῶτον οἰκειότατον πάντων· οὐδὲν γὰρ ὅ τι τοῦ πατρὸς οἰκειότερον. εἰ δέ τις ἀπονέμει τῷ πατρὶ τὴν δικαίαν τιμήν, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ νόμος καὶ ἡ φύσις κελεύει, προσηκόντως ἂν τὴν πατρίδα προτιμήσαι· καὶ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτὸς τῆς πατρίδος κτῆμα καὶ ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς πατὴρ καὶ οἱ ἐκ τούτων οἰκεῖοι πάντες ἀνωτέρω, καὶ μέχρι θεῶν πατρῴων πρόεισιν ἀναβιβαζόμενον τὸ ὄνομα. [¶4] 5. The Gods too love the lands of their nativity; though they may be supposed to concern themselves with human affairs in general, claiming the whole of earth and sea as theirs, yet each of them honours above all other lands the one that gave him birth. That State is more majestic which a God calls his country, that isle has an added sanctity in which poesy affirms that one was born. Those are acceptable offerings, which a man has come to their respective homes to make. And if Gods are patriotic, shall not men be more so? > Greek: 5. χαίρουσι καὶ θεοὶ πατρίσι καὶ πάντα μέν, ὡς εἰκός, ἐφορῶσι τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, αὑτῶν ἡγούμενοι κτήματα πᾶσαν γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν, ἐφʼ ἧς δὲ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἐγένετο, προτιμᾷ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπασῶν πόλεων. καὶ πόλεις σεμνότεραι θεῶν πατρίδες καὶ νῆσοι θειότεραι παρʼ αἷς ὑμνεῖται γένεσις θεῶν. ἱερὰ γοῦν κεχαρισμένα ταῦτα νομίζεται τοῖς θεοῖς, ἐπειδὰν εἰς τοὺς οἰκείους ἕκαστος ἀφικόμενος ἱερουργῇ τόπους. εἰ δὲ θεοῖς τίμιον τὸ τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα, πῶς οὐκ ἀνθρώποις γε πολὺ μᾶλλον; [¶5] 6. For it was from his own country that every man looked his first upon the Sun; that God, though he be common to all men, yet each reckons among his country Gods, because in that country he was revealed to him. There speech came to him, the speech that belonged to that soil, and there he got knowledge of the Gods. If his country be such that to attain true culture he must seek another, yet even for that culture let him thank his country; the word State he could never have known, had not his country shown him that States existed. > Greek: 6. καὶ γὰρ εἶδε τὸν ἥλιον πρῶτον ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς πατρίδος, ὡς καὶ τοῦτον τὸν θεόν, εἰ καὶ κοινός ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ οὖν ἑκάστῳ νομίζεσθαι πατρῷον διὰ τὴν πρώτην ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου θέαν· καὶ φωνῆς ἐνταῦθα ἤρξατο τὰ ἐπιχώρια πρῶτα λαλεῖν μανθάνων καὶ θεοὺς ἐγνώρισεν. εἰ δέ τις τοιαύτης ἔλαχε πατρίδος, ὡς ἑτέρας δεηθῆναι πρὸς τὴν τῶν μειζόνων παιδείαν, ἀλλʼ οὖν ἐχέτω καὶ τούτων τῶν παιδευμάτων τῇ πατρίδι τὴν χάριν· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐγνώρισεν οὐδὲ πόλεως ὄνομα μὴ διὰ τὴν πατρίδα πόλιν εἶναι μαθών. [¶6] 7. And surely men gather culture and learning, that they may thereby render themselves more serviceable to their country; they amass wealth that they may outdo their neighbours in devoting it to their country’s good. And ’tis no more than reason; it is not for those who have received the greatest of all benefits to prove thankless; if we are grateful, as we doubtless should be, to the individual benefactor, much more ought we to give our country her due; against neglect of parents the various States have laws; we should account our country the common mother of us all, and recompense her who bred us, and taught us that there were laws. > Greek: 7. πάντα δέ, οἶμαι·, παιδεύματα καὶ μαθήματα συλλέγουσιν ἄνθρωποι χρησιμωτέρους αὑτοὺς ἀπὸ τούτων ταῖς πατρίσι παρασκευάζοντες· κτῶνται δὲ καὶ χρήματα φιλοτιμίας ἕνεκεν τῆς εἰς τὰ κοινὰ τῆς πατρίδος δαπανήματα. καὶ εἰκότως, οἶμαι· δεῖ γὰρ οὐκ ἀχαρίστους εἶναι τοὺς τῶν μεγίστων τυχόντας εὐεργεσιῶν. ἀλλʼ εἰ τοῖς καθʼ ἕνα τις ἀπονέμει χάριν, ὥσπερ ἐστὶ δίκαιον, ἐπειδὰν εὖ πάθῃ πρός τινος, πολὺ μᾶλλον προσήκει τὴν πατρίδα τοῖς καθήκουσιν ἀμείβεσθαι· κακώσεως μὲν γὰρ γονέων εἰσὶ νόμοι παρὰ ταῖς πόλεσι, κοινὴν δὲ προσήκει πάντων μητέρα τὴν πατρίδα νομίζειν καὶ χαριστήρια τροφῶν ἀποδιδόναι καὶ τῆς τῶν νόμων αὐτῶν γνώσεως. [¶7] 8. The man was never known who so forgot his country as to be indifferent to it when established in another State. All who fare ill abroad are perpetually thinking how country is the best of all good things; and those who fare well, whatever their general prosperity, are ever conscious of the one thing lacking: they do not live at home, but are exiles; and exile is a reproach. Those again whose sojourn has brought them distinction by way of garnered wealth or honourable fame, acknowledged culture or approved courage, all of them, you will find, yearn for their native land, where are the spectators of their triumphs that they would most desire. A man’s longing for home is indeed in direct proportion to his credit abroad. > Greek: 8. ὤφθη δὲ οὐδεὶς οὕτως ἀμνήμων τῆς πατρίδος, ὡς ἐν ἄλλῃ πόλει γενόμενος ἀμελεῖν, ἀλλʼ οἵ τε κακοπραγοῦντες ἐν ταῖς ἀποδημίαις συνεχῶς ἀνακαλοῦσιν ὡς μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἡ πατρίς, οἵ τε εὐδαιμονοῦντες, ἂν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εὖ πράττωσιν, τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτοῖς μέγιστον ἐνδεῖν νομίζουσιν τὸ μὴ τὴν πατρίδα οἰκεῖν, ἀλλὰ ξενιτεύειν· ὄνειδος γὰρ τὸ τῆς ξενιτείας. καὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀποδημίας χρόνον λαμπροὺς γενομένους ἢ διὰ χρημάτων κτῆσιν ἢ διὰ τιμῆς δόξαν ἢ διὰ παιδείας μαρτυρίαν ἢ διʼ ἀνδρείας ἔπαινον ἔστιν ἰδεῖν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα πάντας ἐπειγομένους, ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἐν ἄλλοις βελτίοσιν ἐπιδειξαμένους τὰ αὑτῶν καλά· καὶ τοσούτῳ γε μᾶλλον ἕκαστος σπεύδει λαβέσθαι τῆς πατρίδος, ὅσῳπερ ἂν φαίνηται μειζόνων παρʼ ἄλλοις ἠξιωμένος. [¶8] 9. Even the young have the patriotic sentiment; but in the old it is as much more keen as their sense is greater. Every old man directs his efforts and his prayers to ending his life in his own land; where he began to live, there would he lay his bones, in the soil that formed him, and join his fathers in the grave. It is a dread fate to be condemned to exile even in death, and lie in alien earth. > Greek: 9. ποθεινὴ μὲν οὖν καὶ νέοις ἡ πατρίς· τοῖς δὲ ἤδη γεγηρακόσιν ὅσῳ πλεῖον τοῦ φρονεῖν ἢ τοῖς νέοις μέτεστι, τοσούτῳ καὶ πλείων ἐγγίνεται πόθος τῆς πατρίδος· ἕκαστος γοῦν τῶν γεγηρακότων καὶ σπεύδει καὶ εὔχεται καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος, ἵνʼ, ὅθεν ἤρξατο βιοῦν, ἐνταῦθα πάλιν καὶ τὸ σῶμα παρακατάθηται τῇ γῇ τῇ θρεψαμένῃ καὶ τῶν πατρῴων κοινωνήσῃ τάφων· δεινὸν γὰρ ἑκάστῳ δοκεῖ ξενίας ἁλίσκεσθαι καὶ μετὰ θάνατον, ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ κειμένῳ γῇ. [¶9] 10. But if you would know the true man’s feeling for his country, it is in the born citizen that you must study it. The merely naturalized are a sort of bastards ever ready for another change; they know not nor love the name of country, but think they may find what they need in one place as well as another; their standard of happiness is the pleasures of the belly. Those whose country is their true mother love the land whereon they were born and bred, though it be narrow and rough and poor of soil. If they cannot vaunt the goodness of the land, they are still at no loss for praises of their country; if they see others making much of bounteous plains and meadows variegated with all plants that grow, they too can call up their country’s praise; another may breed good horses; what matter? theirs breeds good men. > Greek: 10. ὅσον δὲ τῆς εὐνοίας τῆς πρὸς τὰς πατρίδας μέτεστιν τοῖς ὡς ἀληθῶς γνησίοις πολίταις μάθοι τις ἂν ἐκ τῶν αὐτοχθόνων· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπήλυδες καθάπερ νόθοι ῥᾳδίας ποιοῦνται τὰς μεταναστάσεις, τὸ μὲν τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα μήτε εἰδότες μήτε στέργοντες, ἡγούμενοι δʼ ἁπανταχοῦ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων εὐπορήσειν, μέτρον εὐδαιμονίας τὰς τῆς γαστρὸς ἡδονὰς τιθέμενοι. οἷς δὲ καὶ μήτηρ ἡ πατρίς, ἀγαπῶσι τὴν γῆν ἐφʼ ἧς ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐτράφησαν, κἂν ὀλίγην ἔχωσι, κἂν τραχεῖαν καὶ λεπτόγεων· κἂν ἀπορῶσι τῆς γῆς ἐπαινέσαι τὴν ἀρετήν, τῶν γε ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος οὐκ ἀπορήσουσιν ἐγκωμίων. ἀλλὰ κἂν ἴδωσιν ἑτέρους σεμνυνομένους πεδίοις ἀνειμένοις καὶ λειμῶσι φυτοῖς παντοδαποῖς διειλημμένοις, καὶ αὐτοὶ τῶν τῆς πατρίδος ἐγκωμίων οὐκ ἐπιλανθάνονται, τὴν δὲ ἱπποτρόφον ὑπερορῶντες τὴν κουροτρόφον ἐπαινοῦσι. [¶10] 11. A man is fain to be at home, though the home be but an islet; though he might have fortune among strangers, he will not take immortality there; to be buried in his own land is better. Brighter to him the smoke of home than the fire of other lands. > Greek: 11. καὶ σπεύδει τις εἰς τὴν πατρίδα, κἂν νησιώτης ᾖ, κἂν παρʼ ἄλλοις εὐδαιμονεῖν δύνηται, καὶ διδομένην ἀθανασίαν οὐ προσήσεται, προτιμῶν τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος τάφον, καὶ ὁ τῆς πατρίδος αὐτῷ καπνὸς λαμπρότερος ὀφθήσεται τοῦ παρʼ ἄλλοις πυρός. [¶11] 12. In such honour everywhere is the name of country that you will find legislators all the world over punishing the worst offences with exile, as the heaviest penalty at their command. And it is just the same with generals on service, When the men are taking their places for battle, no such encouragement as to tell them they are fighting for their country. No one will disgrace himself after that if he can help it; the name of country turns even a coward into a brave man. Henry Watson Fowler > Greek: 12. οὕτω δὲ ἄρα τίμιον εἶναι δοκεῖ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἡ πατρίς, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς πανταχοῦ νομοθέτας ἴδοι τις ἂν ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις ἀδικήμασιν ὡς χαλεπωτάτην ἐπιβεβληκότας τὴν φυγὴν τιμωρίαν. καὶ οὐχ οἱ νομοθέται μὲν οὕτως ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ πιστευόμενοι τὰς στρατηγίας ἑτέρως, ἀλλʼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις τὸ μέγιστόν ἐστι τῶν παραγγελμάτων τοῖς παραταττομένοις, ὡς ὑπὲρ πατρίδος αὐτοῖς ὁ πόλεμος, καὶ οὐδεὶς ὅστις ἂν ἀκούσας τούτου κακὸς εἶναι θέλῃ· ποιεῖ γὰρ τὸν δειλὸν ἀνδρεῖον τὸ τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα.