---
title: "The Hall · Περὶ τοῦ Οἴκου"
author: "Lucian"
translator: "Austin Morris Harmon"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
section: 1 of 1
url: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-the-hall/1/
cite: "Lucian, tr. Austin Morris Harmon, The Hall · Περὶ τοῦ Οἴκου, section 1. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-the-hall/1/"
---

# The Hall · Περὶ τοῦ Οἴκου

*Lucian, tr. Austin Morris Harmon*

Should a beautiful hall be described in words? Two speakers argue for and against.

> Greek: ed. Austin Morris Harmon, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0062.tlg009, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: Austin Morris Harmon, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0062.tlg009.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 1. Sections 1–32

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-the-hall/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/lucian-the-hall/1/#p-N

[¶0] 1. Alexander longed to bathe in the Cydnus on seeing that the stream was fair and clear, safely deep, agreeably swift, delightful to swim in and cool in the height of summer; even with foreknowledge of the fever which he contracted from it, I do not think he would have abstained from his plunge. Then can it be that on seeing a hall beyond compare in the greatness of its size, the splendour of its beauty, the brilliance of its illumination, the lustre of its gilding and the gaiety of its pictures, a man would not long to compose speeches in it, if this were his business, to seek repute and win glory in it, to fill it with his voice and, as far as lay in him, to become part and parcel of its beauty? Or after looking it over carefully and admiring it, would he rather go away and leave it mute and voiceless, without according it a word of greeting or a particle of intercourse, as if he were dumb or else out of illwill had resolved to hold his tongue?

> Greek: 1. εἶτα Ἀλέξανδρος μὲν ἐπεθύμησεν ἐν τῷ Κύδνῳ λούσασθαι καλόν τε καὶ διαυγῆ τὸν ποταμὸν ἰδὼν καὶ ἀσφαλῶς βαθὺν καὶ προσηνῶς ὀξὺν καὶ νήξασθαι ἡδὺν καὶ θέρους ὥρᾳ ψυχρόν, ὥστε καὶ ἐπὶ προδήλῳ τῇ νόσῳ ἣν ἐνόσησεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, δοκεῖ μοι οὐκ ἂν τοῦ λουτροῦ ἀποσχέσθαι· οἶκον δέ τις ἰδὼν μεγέθει μέγιστον καὶ κάλλει κάλλιστον καὶ φωτὶ φαιδρότατον καὶ χρυσῷ στιλπνότατον καὶ γραφαῖς ἀνθηρότατον οὐκ ἂν ἐπιθυμήσειε λόγους ἐν αὐτῷ διαθέσθαι, εἰ τύχοι περὶ τούτους διατρίβων, καὶ ἐνευδοκιμῆσαι καὶ ἐλλαμπρύνασθαι καὶ βοῆς ἐμπλῆσαι καὶ ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα καὶ αὐτὸς μέρος τοῦ κάλλους αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι, ἀλλὰ περισκοπήσας ἀκριβῶς καὶ θαυμάσας μόνον ἄπεισι κωφὸν αὐτὸν καὶ ἄλογον καταλιπών, μήτε προσειπὼν μήτε προσομιλήσας, ὥσπερ τις ἄναυδος ἢ φθόνῳ σιωπᾶν ἐγνωκώς;

[¶1] 2. Heracles! such conduct would not be that of a connoisseur or a lover of beauty; it would be very vulgar, tasteless, even Philistine to despise what is sweetest, to reject what is fairest, and not to comprehend that in all that appeals to the eye, the same law does not hold for ordinary and for educated men. No, for the former it is enough to do the usual thing—just to see, to look about, to cast their eyes everywhere, to crane their necks at the ceiling, to gesticulate and to take their joy in silence for fear of not being able to say anything adequate to what they see. But when a man’ of culture beholds beautiful things, he will not be content, I am sure, to harvest their charm. with his eyes alone, and will not endure to be a silent spectator of their beauty; he will do all he can to linger there and make some return for the spectacle in speech.

> Greek: 2. Ἡράκλεις, οὐ φιλοκάλου τινὸς οὐδὲ περὶ τὰ εὐμορφότατα ἐρωτικοῦ τὸ ἔργον, ἀγροικία δὲ πολλὴ καὶ ἀπειροκαλία καὶ προσέτι γε ἀμουσία, τῶν ἡδίστων αὑτὸν ἀπαξιοῦν καὶ τῶν καλλίστων ἀποξενοῦν καὶ μὴ συνιέναι ὡς οὐχ ὁ αὐτὸς περὶ τὰ θεάματα νόμος ἰδιώταις τε καὶ πεπαιδευμένοις ἀνδράσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν ἀπόχρη τὸ κοινὸν τοῦτο, ἰδεῖν μόνον καὶ περιβλέψαι καὶ τὼ ὀφθαλμὼ περιενεγκεῖν καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὀροφὴν ἀνακῦψαι καὶ τὴν χεῖρα ἐπισεῖσαι καὶ καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἡσθῆναι δέει τοῦ μὴ ἂν δυνηθῆναι ἄξιόν τι τῶν βλεπομένων εἰπεῖν, ὅστις δὲ μετὰ παιδείας ὁρᾷ τὰ καλά, οὐκ ἄν, οἶμαι, ἀγαπήσειεν ὄψει μόνῃ καρπωσάμενος τὸ τερπνὸν οὐδʼ ἂν ὑπομείναι ἄφωνος θεατὴς τοῦ κάλλους γενέσθαι, πειράσεται δὲ ὡς οἷόν τε καὶ ἐνδιατρῖψαι καὶ λόγῳ ἀμείψασθαι τὴν θέαν.

[¶2] 3. And such a return does not consist simply in praising the hall. No doubt it was fitting - for Homer's island boy to be astounded at the house of Menelaus and to compare its ivory and gold to the beautiful things in heaven because he had never seen anything else on earth that was beautiful. But to speak here, to collect an audience of cultured men and show one’s eloquence is also a form of praise. It is very delightful, I think, that the fairest of halls should be flung open for the harbourage of speech and should be full of praise and laudation; re-echoing softly like a cavern, following what is said, drawing out the concluding sounds of the voice and lingering on the last words; or, to put it better, committing to memory all that one says, like an appreciative hearer, and applauding the speaker and gracefully repeating his phrases. In some such way the rocks pipe in answer to the piping of the shepherds when the sound comes back again by repercussion and returns upon itself. The untaught think it is a maid who answers all who sing and shout, abiding somewhere in the heart of the cliffs and talking from the inside of the crags.

> Greek: 3. ἡ δὲ ἀμοιβὴ οὐκ ἔπαινος τοῦ οἴκου μόνον — τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἴσως ἐκείνῳ τῷ νησιώτῃ μειρακίῳ ἔπρεπε, τὴν Μενελάου οἰκίαν ὑπερεκπεπλῆχθαι καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἐν οὐρανῷ καλὰ τὸν ἐλέφαντα καὶ τὸν χρυσὸν αὐτῆς ἀπεικάζειν, ἅτε μηδὲν ἐν γῇ καλόν τι ἄλλο ἑωρακότι — ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ εἰπεῖν ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ τοὺς βελτίστους συγκαλέσαντα λόγων ἐπίδειξιν ποιήσασθαι μέρος τοῦ ἐπαίνου καὶ τοῦτο γένοιτο ἄν. καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ὑπερήδιστον, οἶμαι, οἴκων ὁ κάλλιστος ἐς ὑποδοχὴν λόγων ἀναπεπταμένος καὶ ἐπαίνου καὶ εὐφημίας μεστὸς ὤν, ἠρέμα καὶ αὐτὸς ὥσπερ τὰ ἄντρα συνεπηχῶν καὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις παρακολουθῶν καὶ παρατείνων τὰ τελευταῖα τῆς φωνῆς καὶ τοῖς ὑστάτοις τῶν λόγων ἐμβραδύνων, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς ἄν τις εὐμαθὴς ἀκροατὴς διαμνημονεύων τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ τὸν λέγοντα ἐπαινῶν καὶ ἀντίδοσιν οὐκ ἄμουσον ποιούμενος πρὸς αὐτά· οἷόν τι πάσχουσι πρὸς τὰ αὐλήματα τῶν ποιμένων αἱ σκοπιαὶ ἐπαυλοῦσαι, τῆς φωνῆς ἐπανιούσης κατὰ τὸ ἀντίτυπον καὶ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἀναστρεφούσης· οἱ δὲ ἰδιῶται νομίζουσι παρθένον τινὰ εἶναι τὴν ἀμειβομένην τοὺς ᾄδοντας ἢ βοῶντας, ἐν μέσοις που τοῖς κρημνοῖς κατοικοῦσαν καὶ λαλοῦσαν ἐκ τῶν πετρῶν ἔνδοθεν.

[¶3] 4. To me, at least, it seems that a splendid hall excites the speaker's fancy and stirs it to speech, as if he were somehow prompted by what he sees. No doubt something of beauty flows through the eyes into the soul, and then fashions into the likeness of itself the words that it sends out. In the case of Achilles, the sight of his armour enhanced his anger at the Trojans, and when he put it on to try it, he was inspired and transported with the lust of battle. Then are we to believe that the passion for speech is not enhanced by beautiful surroundings? Socrates was satisfied with a fine plane-tree and lush grass and a spring of clear water.not far from the Ilissus: sitting there, he plied his irony at the expense of Phaedrus of Myrrhinus, criticised the speech of Lysias, son of Cephalus, and invoked the Muses, believing that they would come to a sequestered spot and take part in the debate on love, and thinking no shame, old as he was, to invite maids to join him in amorous ditties. May we not suppose that they would come to a place as beautiful as this, even without an invitation?

> Greek: 4. ἐμοὶ γοῦν δοκεῖ καὶ συνεξαίρεσθαι οἴκου πολυτελείᾳ ἡ τοῦ λέγοντος γνώμη καὶ πρὸς τοὺς λόγους ἐπεγείρεσθαι, καθάπερτι καὶ ὑποβαλλούσης τῆς θέας· σχεδὸν γὰρ εἰσρεῖ τι διὰ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν καλόν, εἶτα πρὸς αὑτὸ κοσμῆσαν ἐκπέμπει τοὺς λόγους. ἢ τῷ μὲν Ἀχιλλεῖ πιστεύομεν τὴν ὄψιν τῶν ὅπλων ἐπιτεῖναι κατὰ τῶν Φρυγῶν τὴν ὀργήν, καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐνέδυ αὐτὰ πειρώμενος, ἐπαρθῆναι καὶ πτερωθῆναι πρὸς τὴν τοῦ πολέμου ἐπιθυμίαν, λόγου δὲ σπουδὴν μὴ ἐπιτείνεσθαι πρὸς κάλλη χωρίων; καίτοι Σωκράτει μὲν ἀπέχρησε πλάτανος εὐφυὴς καὶ πόα εὐθαλὴς καὶ πηγὴ διαυγὴς μικρὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰλισσοῦ, κἀνταῦθα καθεζόμενος Φαίδρου τε τοῦ Μυρρινουσίου κατειρωνεύετο καὶ τὸν Λυσίου τοῦ Κεφάλου λόγον διήλεγχε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐκάλει, καὶ ἐπίστευεν ἥξειν αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν συλληψομένας τῶν περὶ τοῦ ἔρωτος λόγων, καὶ οὐκ ᾐσχύνετο γέρων ἄνθρωπος παρακαλῶν παρθένους συνᾳσομένας τὰ παιδεραστικά. ἐς δὲ οὕτω καλὸν χωρίον οὐκ ἂν οἰόμεθα καὶ ἀκλήτους αὐτὰς ἐλθεῖν;

[¶4] 5. In truth, our shelter is not to be compared with mere shade or with the beauty of a plane-tree, not even if you pass over the one on the Ilissus and mention the Great King’s golden plane. That was wonderful only on account of its cost; there was no craftsmanship or beauty or charm or symmetry or grace wrought into the gold or combined with it. The thing was barbarous, nothing but money, a source of envy to those who saw it, and of felicitation to those who owned it. There was nothing praiseworthy about it. The Arsacids neither cared for beauty nor aimed at attractiveness in making their display nor minded whether the spectators praised or not, as long as they were astounded.

> Greek: 5. καὶ μὴν οὐ κατά γε σκιὰν μόνην οὐδὲ κατὰ πλατάνου κάλλος ἡ ὑποδοχή, οὐδʼ ἂν τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ Ἰλισσῷ καταλιπὼν τὴν βασιλέως λέγῃς τὴν χρυσῆν· ἐκείνης μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ πολυτελείᾳ μόνῃ τὸ θαῦμα, τέχνη δὲ ἢ κάλλος ἢ τέρψις ἢ τὸ σύμμετρον ἢ τὸ εὔρυθμον οὐ συνείργαστο οὐδὲ κατεμέμικτο τῷ χρυσῷ, ἀλλʼ ἦν βαρβαρικὸν τὸ θέαμα, πλοῦτος μόνον καὶ φθόνος τῶν ἰδόντων καὶ εὐδαιμονισμὸς τῶν ἐχόντων· ἔπαινος δὲ οὐδαμοῦ προσῆν. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔμελε τοῖς Ἀρσακίδαις τῶν καλῶν οὐδὲ πρὸς τὸ τερπνὸν ἐποιοῦντο τὰς ἐπιδείξεις οὐδʼ ἐφρόντιζον εἰ ἐπαινέσονται οἱ θεαταί, ἀλλʼ ὅπως ἐκπλαγήσονται. οὐ φιλόκαλοι γάρ, ἀλλὰ φιλόπλουτοί εἰσιν οἱ βάρβαροι.

[¶5] 6. The barbarians are not beauty-levers; they are moneylovers. On the contrary, the beauty of this hall has nothing to do with barbarian eyes, Persian flattery, or Sultanic vainglory. Instead of just a poor man, it wants a cultured man for a spectator, who, instead of judging with his eyes, applies thought to what he sees. It faces the fairest quarter of the day (for the fairest and loveliest is surely the beginning); it welcomes in the sun when he first peeps up; light fills it to overflowing through the wide-flung doors; the proportion of length to “breadth and of both to height is harmonious; the windows are generous and well-suited to every season of the year. Is not all this attractive and praiseworthy?

> Greek: 6. τούτου δὲ τοῦ οἴκου τὸ κάλλος οὐ κατὰ βαρβαρικούς τινας ὀφθαλμοὺς οὐδὲ κατὰ Περσικὴν ἀλαζονείαν ἢ βασιλικὴν μεγαλαυχίαν οὐδὲ πένητος μόνον, ἀλλὰ εὐφυοῦς θεατοῦ δεόμενον καὶ ὅτῳ μὴ ἐν τῇ ὄψει ἡ κρίσις, ἀλλά τις καὶ λογισμὸς ἐπακολουθεῖ τοῖς βλεπομένοις. Τὸ γὰρ τῆς τε ἡμέρας πρὸς τὸ κάλλιστον ἀποβλέπειν — κάλλιστον δὴ αὐτῆς καὶ ποθεινότατον ἡ ἀρχή — καὶ τὸν ἥλιον ὑπερκύψαντα εὐθὺς ὑποδέχεσθαι καὶ τοῦ φωτὸς ἐμπίπλασθαι ἐς κόρον ἀναπεπταμένων τῶν θυρῶν [καθʼ ὃ καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ βλέποντα ἐποίουν οἱ παλαιοί], καὶ τὸ τοῦ μήκους πρὸς τὸ πλάτος καὶ ἀμφοῖν πρὸς τὸ ὕψος εὔρυθμον καὶ τῶν φωταγωγῶν τὸ ἐλεύθερον καὶ πρὸς ὥραν ἑκάστην εὖ ἔχον, πῶς οὐχ ἡδέα ταῦτα πάντα καὶ ἐπαίνων ἄξια;

[¶6] 7. One might also admire the ceiling for its reserved modelling, its flawless decoration, and the refined - symmetry of its gilding, which is not unnecessarily lavish, but only in such degree as would suffice a modest and beautiful woman to set off her beauty— a delicate chain round her neck, a light ring on her finger, pendants in her ears, a buckle, a band that confines the luxuriance of her hair and adds as much to her good looks as a purple border adds to a gown. It is courtesans, especially the less attractive of them, who have clothing all purple and necks all gold, trying to secure seductiveness by extravagance and to make up for their lack of beauty by the addition of extraneous charms; they think that their arms will look whiter when they are bright with gold, and that the unshapeliness of their feet will escape notice in golden sandals, and that their very faces will be lovelier when seen together with something very bright. This is the course they follow; but a modest girl uses only what gold is sufficient and necessary, and would not be ashamed of her beauty, I am sure, if she were to show it unadorned.

> Greek: 7. ἔτι δὲ θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις καὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς ἐν τῷ εὐμόρφῳ τὸ ἀπέριττον κἀν τῷ εὐκόσμῳ τὸ ἀνεπίληπτον καὶ τὸ τοῦ χρυσοῦ ἐς τὸ εὐπρεπὲς σύμμετρον, ἀλλὰ μὴ παρὰ τὰς χρείας ἐπίφθονον, ἀλλʼ ὁπόσον ἂν καὶ γυναικὶ σώφρονι καὶ καλῇ ἀρκέσῃ ἐπισημότερον ἐργάσασθαι τὸ κάλλος, ἢ περὶ τῇ δειρῇ λεπτός τις ὅρμος ἢ περὶ τῷ δακτύλῳ σφενδόνη εὔφορος ἢ ἐν τοῖν ὤτοιν ἐλλόβια ἢ πόρπη τις ἢ ταινία τὸ ἄφετον τῆς κόμης συνδέουσα, τοσοῦτον τῇ εὐμορφίᾳ προστιθεῖσα ὅσον τῇ ἐσθῆτι ἡ πορφύρα· αἱ δέ γε ἑταῖραι, καὶ μάλιστα αἱ ἀμορφότεραι αὐτῶν, καὶ τὴν ἐσθῆτα ὅλην πορφυρᾶν καὶ τὴν δειρὴν χρυσῆν πεποίηνται, τῷ πολυτελεῖ θηρώμεναι τὸ ἐπαγωγὸν καὶ τὸ ἐνδέον τῷ καλῷ προσθέσει τοῦ ἔξωθεν τερπνοῦ παραμυθούμεναι· ἡγοῦνται γὰρ καὶ τὴν ὠλένην αὐταῖς στιλπνοτέραν φανεῖσθαι συναπολάμπουσαν τῷ χρυσῷ καὶ τοῦ ποδὸς τὸ μὴ εὐπερίγραφον λήσειν ὑπὸ χρυσῷ σανδάλῳ καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτὸ ἐρασμιώτερον γενήσεσθαι τῷ φαεινοτάτῳ συνορώμενον. ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖναι μὲν οὕτως· ἡ δέ γε σώφρων χρυσῷ μὲν τὰ ἀρκοῦντα καὶ μόνον τὰ ἀναγκαῖα προσχρῆται, τὸ δʼ αὑτῆς κάλλος οὐκ ἂν αἰσχύνοιτο, οἶμαι, καὶ γυμνὴ δεικνύουσα.

[¶7] 8. The ceiling of this hall—call it the face if you will—well-featured itself, is as much embellished by the gilding as heaven by the stars at night, with sprinkled lights and scattered flowers of fire. If all were fire, it would be terrible, not beautiful, to us. You will observe that the gilding yonder is not purposeless, and not intermingled with the rest of the decorations for its own charm alone. It shines witha sweet radiance, and colours the whole hall with its flush; for when the light, striking the gold, lays hold of it and combines with it, they gleam jointly and make the flush doubly brilliant.

> Greek: 8. καὶ τοίνυν ἡ τοῦδε τοῦ οἴκου ὀροφή, μᾶλλον δὲ κεφαλή, εὐπρόσωπος μὲν καὶ καθʼ ἑαυτήν, τῷ χρυσῷ δʼ ἐς τοσοῦτον κεκόσμηται, ἐς ὅσον καὶ οὐρανὸς ἐν νυκτὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀστέρων ἐκ διαστήματος περιλαμπόμενος καὶ ἐκ διαλείμματος ἀνθῶν τῷ πυρί. εἰ δέ γε πῦρ ἦν τὸ πᾶν, οὐ καλὸς ἄν, ἀλλὰ φοβερὸς ἡμῖν ἔδοξεν. ἴδοι δʼ ἄν τις οὐδʼ ἀργὸν ἐνταῦθα τὸν χρυσὸν οὐδὲ μόνου τοῦ τέρποντος εἵνεκα τῷ λοιπῷ κόσμῳ συνεσπαρμένον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐγήν τινα ἡδεῖαν ἀπολάμπει καὶ τὸν οἶκον ὅλον ἐπιχρώννυσι τῷ ἐρυθήματι· ὁπόταν γὰρ τὸ φῶς προσπεσὸν ἐφάψηται καὶ ἀναμιχθῇ τῷ χρυσῷ, κοινόν τι ἀπαστράπτουσι καὶ διπλασίαν τοῦ ἐρυθήματος ἐκφαίνουσι τὴν αἰθρίαν.

[¶8] 9. Such is the top, the summit of the hall: it needs a Homer to praise it by calling it “highceiled” like the chamber of Helen or “dazzling” like Olympus. The rest of the decoration, the frescoes on the walls, the beauty of their colours, and the vividness, exactitude, and truth of each detail might well be compared with the face of spring and with a flowery field, except that those things fade and wither and change and cast their beauty, while this is spring eternal, field unfading, bloom undying. Naught but the eye touches it and culls the sweetness of what it sees.

> Greek: 9. τὰ μὲν δὴ ὑψηλὰ καὶ κορυφαῖα τοῦ οἴκου τοιάδε, Ὁμήρου τινὸς δεόμενα ἐπαινέτου, ἵνα αὐτὸν ἢ ὑψώροφον ὡς τὸν Ἑλένης θάλαμον ἢ αἰγλήεντα ὡς τὸν Ὄλυμπον εἴποι· τὸν δὲ ἄλλον κόσμον καὶ τὰ τῶν τοίχων γράμματα καὶ τῶν χρωμάτων τὰ κάλλη καὶ τὸ ἐναργὲς ἑκάστου καὶ τὸ ἀκριβὲς καὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἔαρος ὄψει καὶ λειμῶνι δὲ εὐανθεῖ καλῶς ἂν ἔχοι παραβαλεῖν· πλὴν παρʼ ὅσον ἐκεῖνα μὲν ἀπανθεῖ καὶ μαραίνεται καὶ ἀλλάττεται καὶ ἀποβάλλει τὸ κάλλος, τουτὶ δὲ τὸ ἔαρ ἀΐδιον καὶ λειμὼν ἀμάραντος καὶ ἄνθος ἀθάνατον, ἅτε μόνης τῆς ὄψεως ἐφαπτομένης καὶ δρεπομένης τὸ ἡδὺ τῶν βλεπομένων.

[¶9] 10. Who would not be charmed with the sight or all these beautiful things? Who would not want to outdo himself in speaking among them, aware that it is highly disgraceful not to be a match for that which one sees? The sight of beauty is seductive, and not to man alone. Even a horse, I think, would find more pleasure in running on a soft, sloping plain that receives his tread pleasantly, yields a little to his foot, and does not shock his hoof. Then he puts in play all his power of running, gives himself over to speed and nothing else, and vies with the beauty of the plain.

> Greek: 10. τὰ δὴ τοσαῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτα τις οὐκ ἂν ἡσθείη βλέπων ἤ τις οὐκ ἂν προθυμηθείη καὶ παρὰ τὴν δύναμιν ἐν αὐτοῖς λέγειν, εἰδὼς αἴσχιστον ὂν ἀπολειφθῆναι τῶν ὁρωμένων; ἐπαγωγότατον γάρ τι ἡ ὄψις τῶν καλῶν, οὐκ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἵππος ἥδιον ἂν οἶμαι δράμοι κατὰ πρανοῦς πεδίου καὶ μαλακοῦ, προσηνῶς δεχομένου τὴν βάσιν καὶ ἡρέμα ὑπείκοντος τῷ ποδὶ καὶ μὴ ἀντιτυποῦντος τῇ ὁπλῇ· ἅπαντι γοῦν τότε χρῆται τῷ δρόμῳ καὶ ὅλον ἐπιδοὺς ἑαυτὸν τῷ τάχει ἁμιλλᾶται καὶ πρὸς τοῦ πεδίου τὸ κάλλος.

[¶10] 11. The peacock, too, at the opening of spring goes to a field at the time when the biossoms which it puts out are not only lovelier, but, in a manner of speaking, more blossomy and brighter of hue; spreading his wings and showing them to the sun, lifting his tail and surrounding himself with it, he, too, displays his blossoms and the April of his wings, as if the field were challenging him to vie with it. Atall events, he twists and turns and puts on airs with his beauty. Now and again he is a sight still more wonderful, when his colours change under the light, altering a little and turning to a different kind of loveliness. This happens to him chiefly in the circles that he has at the tips of his feathers, each of which is ringed with a rainbow. What was previously bronze has the look of gold when he shifts a little, and what was bright blue in the sun is bright green in shadow, so much does the beauty of his plumage alter with the light!

> Greek: 11. ὁ δὲ ταὼς ἦρος ἀρχομένου πρὸς λειμῶνά τινα ἐλθών, ὁπότε καὶ τὰ ἄνθη πρόεισιν οὐ ποθεινότερα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις ἀνθηρότερα καὶ τὰς βαφὰς καθαρώτερα, τότε καὶ οὗτος ἐκπετάσας τὰ πτερὰ καὶ ἀναδείξας τῷ ἡλίῳ καὶ τὴν οὐρὰν ἐπάρας καὶ πάντοθεν αὑτῷ περιστήσας ἐπιδείκνυται τὰ ἄνθη τὰ αὑτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἔαρ τῶν πτερῶν ὥσπερ αὐτὸν προκαλοῦντος τοῦ λειμῶνος ἐς τὴν ἅμιλλαν· ἐπιστρέφει γοῦν ἑαυτὸν καὶ περιάγει καὶ ἐμπομπεύει τῷ κάλλει· ὅτε δὴ καὶ θαυμασιώτερος φαίνεται πρὸς τὴν αὐγὴν ἀλλαττομένων αὐτῷ τῶν χρωμάτων καὶ μεταβαινόντων ἠρέμα καὶ πρὸς ἕτερον εὐμορφίας εἶδος τρεπομένων. πάσχει δὲ αὐτὸ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῶν κύκλων, οὓς ἐπʼ ἄκροις ἔχει τοῖς πτεροῖς, ἴριδός τινος ἕκαστον περιθεούσης· ὃ γὰρ τέως χαλκὸς ἦν, τοῦτο ἐγκλίναντος ὀλίγον χρυσὸς ὤφθη, καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῷ ἡλίῳ κυαναυγές, εἰ σκιασθείη, χλοαυγές ἐστιν· οὕτω μετακοσμεῖται πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἡ πτέρωσις.

[¶11] 12. For you know without my telling you that the sea has power to invite and provoke longing when it is calm. At such a time, no matter how much of a landsman and a lubber a man may be, he wants at all costs to get aboard ship and cruise about and go far from land, above all if he perceives the breeze gently swelling the canvas and the vessel sweetly and smoothly gliding along, little by little, over the crest of the waves.

> Greek: 12. ὅτι μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἡ θάλαττα ἱκανὴ προκαλέσασθαι καὶ εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐπισπάσασθαι ἐν γαλήνῃ φανεῖσα, ἴστε, κἂν μὴ εἴπω· ὅτε, εἰ καὶ παντάπασιν ἠπειρώτης καὶ ἀπειρόπλους τις εἴη, πάντως ἂν ἐθελήσειε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμβῆναι καὶ περιπλεῦσαι καὶ πολὺ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἀποσπάσαι, καὶ μάλιστα εἰ βλέποι τὴν μὲν αὔραν κούφως ἐπουριάζουσαν τὴν ὀθόνην, τὴν δὲ ναῦν προσηνῶς τε καὶ λείως ἐπʼ ἄκρων ἠρέμα διολισθάνουσαν τῶν κυμάτων.

[¶12] 13. Certainly, then, the beauty. of this hall has power to rouse a man to speech, to spur him on in speaking and to make him succeed in every- way. I for my part am trusting in all this and have already trusted in it; in coming to the hall to speak, I was attracted by its beauty as by a magic wheel or a Siren, for I had no slight hope that even if my phrases were homely before, they would seem beautiful if adorned, so to speak, in fine clothing.

> Greek: 13. καὶ τοίνυν καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ οἴκου τὸ κάλλος ἱκανὸν καὶ παρορμῆσαι ἐς λόγους καὶ λέγοντα ἐπεγεῖραι καὶ πάντα τρόπον εὐδοκιμῆσαι παρασκευάσαι. ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τούτοις πείθομαι καὶ ἤδη πέπεισμαι καὶ ἐς τὸν οἶκον ἐπὶ λόγοις παρελήλυθα ὥσπερ ὑπὸ ἴυγγος ἢ Σειρῆνος τῷ κάλλει ἑλκόμενος, ἐλπίδα οὐ μικρὰν ἔχων, εἰ καὶ τέως ἡμῖν ἄμορφοι ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι, καλοὺς αὐτοὺς φανεῖσθαι καθάπερ ἐσθῆτι καλῇ κεκοσμημένους.

[¶13] 14. There is, however, another point of view, not insignificant but very important, if you take Mr. Point o’ View's word for it; he kept interrupting me as I spoke and trying to break up my speech, and now that I have paused he says that I am mistaken in this matter: he is surprised that I should say a beautiful hall adorned with painting and gilding is better suited for the display of eloquence, as the case is entirely the reverse. But if you approve, let Mr. Point o’ View himself take the floor in his own behalt and tell you as he would a jury wherein he thinks a mean and ugly hall more advantageous to the speaker. You have heard me already, so that I do not need to speak again to the same topic; let him take the floor now and say his say, and I will be still and ield to him for a time.

> Greek: 14. ἕτερος δέ τις οὐκ ἀγεννὴς λόγος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ γενναῖος, ὥς φησι, καὶ μεταξύ μου λέγοντος ὑπέκρουε καὶ διακόπτειν ἐπειρᾶτο τὴν ῥῆσιν καὶ ἐπειδὴ πέπαυμαι, οὐκ ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λέγειν φησί με, ἀλλὰ θαυμάζειν, εἰ φάσκοιμι ἐπιτηδειότερον εἶναι πρὸς λόγων ἐπίδειξιν οἴκου κάλλος γραφῇ καὶ χρυσῷ κεκοσμημένον· αὐτὸ γάρ που τοὐναντίον ἀποβαίνειν. μᾶλλον δέ, εἰ δοκεῖ, αὐτὸς παρελθὼν ὁ λόγος ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ καθάπερ ἐν δικασταῖς ὑμῖν εἰπάτω, ὅπῃ λυσιτελέστερον ἡγεῖται τῷ λέγοντι εὐτέλειαν οἴκου καὶ ἀμορφίαν. ἐμοῦ μὲν ἀκηκόατε ἤδη λέγοντος, ὥστε οὐδὲν δέομαι δὶς περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν εἰπεῖν, ὁ δὲ παρελθὼν ἤδη λεγέτω, κἀγὼ σιωπήσομαι καὶ πρὸς ὀλίγον αὐτῷ μεταστήσομαι.

[¶14] 15. “Well, gentlemen of the jury,” says Mr. Point o’ View, “the last speaker has made many striking points in praise of the hall, and has adorned it with his words. I myself am so far from intending to criticise it that I have in mind to add the points which he omitted, for the more beautiful you think it, the more hostile to the speaker's interest it will be, as I shall show. “First, then, since he has mentioned women, jewelry and gold, permit me also to make use of the comparison. I assert that, far from contributing to the good looks of a beautiful woman, abundant jewelry is actually a detriment. Everyone who meets her is dazzled by her gold and her expensive gems, and instead of praising her complexion, her eyes, her neck, her arm or her finger, he neglects them and lets his eyes wander ta her sard or her emerald, her necklace or her bracelet. She might fairly get angry at being thus slighted for her ornaments, when observers are too occupied to pay her compliments and think her looks a side-issue.

> Greek: 15. ἄνδρες τοίνυν δικασταί, φησὶν ὁ λόγος, ὁ μὲν προειπὼν ῥήτωρ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα τόνδε τὸν οἶκον ἐπῄνεσε καὶ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λόγῳ ἐκόσμησεν, ἐγὼ δὲ τοσούτου δέω ψόγον αὐτοῦ διεξελεύσεσθαι, ὥστε καὶ τὰ ὑπʼ ἐκείνου παραλελειμμένα προσθήσειν μοι δοκῶ· ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν ὑμῖν καλλίων φαίνηται, τοσῷδε ὑπεναντίος τῇ τοῦ λέγοντος χρείᾳ δειχθήσεται. καὶ πρῶτόν γε ἐπειδὴ γυναικῶν καὶ κόσμου καὶ χρυσοῦ ἐκεῖνος ἐμνημόνευσεν, κἀμοὶ ἐπιτρέψατε χρήσασθαι τῷ παραδείγματι· φημὶ γὰρ οὖν καὶ γυναιξὶ καλαῖς οὐχ ὅπως συλλαμβάνειν ἐς τὸ εὐμορφότερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐναντιοῦσθαι τὸν κόσμον τὸν πολύν, ὁπόταν τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων ἕκαστος ὑπὸ τοῦ χρυσοῦ καὶ τῶν λίθων τῶν πολυτελῶν ἐκπλαγεὶς ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐπαινεῖν ἢ χρόαν ἢ βλέμμα ἢ δειρὴν ἢ πῆχυν ἢ δάκτυλον, ὁ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀφεὶς ἐς τὴν σαρδὼ ἢ τὸν σμάραγδον ἢ τὸν ὅρμον ἢ τὸ ψέλιον ἀποβλέπῃ, ὥστε ἄχθοιτο ἂν εἰκότως παρορωμένη διὰ τὸν κόσμον, οὐκ ἀγόντων σχολὴν ἐπαινεῖν αὐτὴν τῶν θεατῶν, ἀλλὰ πάρεργον αὐτῆς ποιουμένων τὴν θέαν.

[¶15] 16. The same thing is bound to happen, I think, to a man who tries to show his eloquence among works of art like these. Amid the mass of beautiful things, what he says goes unheeded, vanishes and is absorbed, as if a candle were taken toa great fire and thrown in, or’ an ant pointed out on the back of an elephant or a camel. This danger, certainly, the speaker must guard against, and also that his voice be not disturbed when he speaks in a hall so musical and echoing, for it resounds, replies, refutes—in fact, it drowns his utterance, just as the trumpet drowns the flute when they are played together, and as the sea drowns chanty-men when they undertake to sing for the rowers against the noise of the surf. For the great volume of sound overpowers and crushes into silence all that is weaker.

> Greek: 16. ὅπερ ἀνάγκη, οἶμαι, παθεῖν καὶ τὸν ἐν οὕτω καλοῖς ἔργοις λόγους δεικνύοντα· λανθάνει γὰρ ἐν τῷ μεγέθει τῶν καλῶν τὸ λεχθὲν καὶ ἀμαυροῦται καὶ συναρπάζεται, καθάπερ εἰ λύχνον τις εἰς πυρκαϊὰν μεγάλην φέρων ἐμβάλλοι ἢ μύρμηκα ἐπʼ ἐλέφαντος ἢ καμήλου δεικνύοι. τοῦτό τε οὖν φυλακτέον τῷ λέγοντι, καὶ προσέτι μὴ καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιταράττηται ἐν οὕτως εὐφώνῳ καὶ ἠχήεντι οἴκῳ λέγων· ἀντιφθέγγεται γὰρ καὶ ἀντιφωνεῖ καὶ ἀντιλέγει, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπικαλύπτει τὴν βοήν, οἷόν τι καὶ σάλπιγξ δρᾷ τὸν αὐλόν, εἰ συναυλοῖεν, ἢ τοὺς κελευστὰς ἡ θάλαττα, ὁπόταν πρὸς κύματος ἦχον ἐπᾴδειν τῇ εἰρεσίᾳ θέλωσιν· ἐπικρατεῖ γὰρ ἡ μεγαλοφωνία καὶ κατασιωπᾷ τὸ ἧττον.

[¶16] 17. "As to the other point which my opponent made, that a beautiful hall spurs a speaker on and makes him more ambitious, I think it does the opposite. It dazzles and frightens him, disturbs his thought and makes him more timid, for he reflects that it is disgraceful beyond everything that his discourse should not match a place so beautiful. For such surroundings put a man most clearly to the proof. It is ’ asif he should put on a handsome coat of mail and then take to his heels.before the rest, making his cowardice only the more conspicuous for his armour. This, ‘I think, is the consideration which causes Homer's famous orator to think very little of good-looks and even make himself appear ‘an utter know-nothing’ in order that the beauty of his words may seem more striking by comparison with that which is uglier. Besides, it is inevitable that the speaker’s own mind should be occupied in looking, and that the accuracy of his thinking should be disturbed because what he is looking at gets the better of him, attracts him and ‘does not allow him to attend to what he is saying. So how can he help speaking very badly, when in spirit he is busied with the praise of all that he sees?

> Greek: 17. καὶ μὴν κἀκεῖνο, ὅπερ ἔφη ὁ ἀντίδικος, ὡς ἄρα ἐπεγείρει ὁ καλὸς οἶκος τὸν λέγοντα καὶ προθυμότερον παρασκευάζει, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τὸ ἐναντίον ποιεῖν· ἐκπλήττει γὰρ καὶ φοβεῖ καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν διαταράττει καὶ δειλότερον ἐργάζεται ἐνθυμούμενον ὡς ἁπάντων ἐστὶν αἴσχιστον ἐν εὐμόρφῳ χωρίῳ μὴ ὁμοίους φαίνεσθαι τοὺς λόγους. ἐλέγχων γὰρ οὗτός γε ὁ φανερώτατος, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις πανοπλίαν καλὴν ἐνδὺς ἔπειτα φεύγοι πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, ἐπισημότερος ὢν δειλὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ὅπλων. τοῦτο δέ μοι δοκεῖ λογισάμενος καὶ ὁ τοῦ Ὁμήρου ῥήτωρ ἐκεῖνος εὐμορφίας ἐλάχιστον φροντίσαι, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ παντελῶς ἀΐδρει φωτὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀπεικάσαι, ἵνα αὐτῷ παραδοξότερον φαίνηται τῶν λόγων τὸ κάλλος ἐκ τῆς πρὸς τὸ ἀμορφότερον ἐξετάσεως. ἄλλως τε ἀνάγκη πᾶσα καὶ τὴν τοῦ λέγοντος αὐτοῦ διάνοιαν ἀσχολεῖσθαι περὶ τὴν θέαν καὶ τῆς φροντίδος τὸ ἀκριβὲς ἐκλύειν τῆς ὄψεως ἐπικρατούσης καὶ πρὸς αὑτὴν καλούσης καὶ τῷ λόγῳ προσέχειν οὐκ ἐώσης. ὥστε τίς μηχανὴ μὴ οὐχὶ πάντως ἔλαττον ἐρεῖν αὐτὸν τῆς ψυχῆς διατριβούσης περὶ τὸν τῶν ὁρωμένων ἔπαινον;

[¶17] 18. “I forbear to say that even those who are present and have been invited to the lecture become spectators instead of hearers when they enter such a hall as this, and no speaker is enough of a Demodocus, a Phemius, a Thamyris, an Amphion or an Orpheus to distract their minds from looking. Why, every one of them is flooded with beauty the instant he crosses the threshold, and does not give the least sign of hearing what the speaker says or anything else, but is all absorbed in what he sees, unless he is stone-blind or like the court of the Areopagus, listens in the dark!

> Greek: 18. ἐῶ γὰρ λέγειν ὅτι καὶ οἱ παρόντες αὐτοὶ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀκρόασιν παρειλημμένοι ἐπειδὰν εἰς τοιοῦτον οἶκον παρέλθωσιν, ἀντὶ ἀκροατῶν θεαταὶ καθίστανται, καὶ οὐχ οὕτω Δημόδοκος ἢ Φήμιος ἢ Θάμυρις ἢ Ἀμφίων ἢ Ὀρφεύς τις λέγων ἐστίν, ὥστε ἀποσπάσαι τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς θέας· ἀλλʼ οὖν ἕκαστος, ἐπειδὰν μόνον ὑπερβῇ τὸν οὐδόν, ἀθρόῳ τῷ κάλλει περιχυθεὶς λόγων μὲν ἐκείνων ἢ ἀκροάσεως ἄλλης οὐδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀΐοντι ἔοικεν, ὅλος δὲ πρὸς τοῖς ὁρωμένοις ἐστίν, εἰ μὴ τύχοι τις παντελῶς τυφλὸς ὢν ἢ ἐν νυκτὶ ὥσπερ ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλὴ ποιοῖτο τὴν ἀκρόασιν.

[¶18] 19. That the power of the tongue is no match for the eyes, one can learn by comparing the story of the Sirens with the one about the Gorgons. The Sirens charmed passing voyagers by making music and working on them with songs, and held them long when they put in. In short, their performance only exacted a delay, and no doubt one or another voyager went by them, neglecting their music. On the contrary, the beauty of the Gorgons, ° being extremely powerful and affecting the very vitals of the soul, stunned its beholdersand made them speechless, so that, as the story has it and everyone says, they turned to stone in wonder. For this reason I count what my opponent said to you a moment ago about the peacock a plea for my side: surely his attractiveness is in his looks, not in his voice! If anybody should match a nightingale or a swan against him, letting them sing - and showing the peacock silent while they were singing, I “know well that your soul would go over to him, bidding a long farewell to their songs. So invincible, it seems, is the delight of the eyes!

> Greek: 19. ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἀξιόμαχον λόγων ἰσχὺς ὄψει ἀνταγωνίσασθαι καὶ ὁ Σειρήνων μῦθος παρατεθεὶς τῷ περὶ τῶν Γοργόνων διδάξειεν ἄν· ἐκεῖναι μὲν γὰρ ἐκήλουν τοὺς παραπλέοντας μελῳδοῦσαι καὶ κολακεύουσαι τοῖς ᾄσμασιν καὶ καταπλεύσαντας ἐπὶ πολὺ κατεῖχον, καὶ ὅλως τὸ ἔργον αὐτῶν ἐδεῖτό τινος διατριβῆς, καί πού τις αὐτὰς καὶ παρέπλευσε καὶ τοῦ μέλους παρήκουσε· τὸ δὲ τῶν Γοργόνων κάλλος, ἅτε βιαιότατόν τε ὂν καὶ τοῖς καιριωτάτοις τῆς ψυχῆς ὁμιλοῦν, εὐθὺς ἐξίστη τοὺς ἰδόντας καὶ ἀφώνους ἐποίει, ὡς δὲ ὁ μῦθος βούλεται καὶ λέγεται, λίθινοι ἐγίγνοντο ὑπὸ θαύματος. ὥστε καὶ ὃν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ταὼ λόγον εἶπε πρὸς ὑμᾶς μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν, ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ εἰρῆσθαι νομίζω· καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνου ἐν τῇ ὄψει, οὐκ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τὸ τερπνόν. καὶ εἴ γέ τις παραστησάμενος τὴν ἀηδόνα ἢ τὸν κύκνον ᾄδειν κελεύοι, μεταξὺ δὲ ᾀδόντων παραδείξειε τὸν ταὼ σιωπῶντα, εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἐπʼ ἐκεῖνον μεταβήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ μακρὰ χαίρειν φράσασα τοῖς ἐκείνων ᾄσμασιν· οὕτως ἄμαχόν τι ἔοικεν εἶναι ἡ διʼ ὄψεως ἡδονή.

[¶19] 20. If you wish, I will produce you a witness in the person of a sage, who will testify on the spot that what one sees is far more effective than what one hears. Crier, summon in person Herodotus, son ‘of Lyxus, of Halicarnassus. Since he has been so kind as to comply, let him take the stand and give his testimony. Suffer him to speak to you in Ionic, to which he is accustomed. “'Master Point o’ View telleth ye true herein. Believe whatso he sayeth to this matter, esteeming sight over hearing, for in sooth ears be less trusty than eyes.’ “Do you hear what the witness says, that he gives the palm to sight? With reason, for words are winged and go flying off the instant they have left the lips, while the beauty of things seen is always present and lasting and entices the spectator, will he, nill he.

> Greek: 20. καὶ ἔγωγε, εἰ βούλεσθε, μάρτυρα ὑμῖν παραστήσομαι σοφὸν ἄνδρα, ὃς αὐτίκα μοι μαρτυρήσει ὡς πολὺ ἐπικρατέστερά ἐστι τῶν ἀκουομένων τὰ ὁρώμενα. καί μοι σὺ ἤδη ὁ κῆρυξ προσκάλει αὐτὸν Ἡρόδοτον Λύξου Ἁλικαρνασόθεν· κἀπειδὴ καλῶς ποιῶν ὑπήκουσε, μαρτυρείτω παρελθών· ἀναδέξασθε δὲ αὐτὸν Ἰαστὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγοντα ὥσπερ αὐτῷ ἔθος. ἀληθέα τάδε ὁ λόγος ὑμῖν, ἄνδρες δικασταί, μυθέεται καί οἱ πείθεσθε ὅσα ἂν λέγῃ τουτέων πέρι ὄψιν ἀκοῆς προτιμέων· ὦτα γὰρ τυγχάνει ἐόντα ἀπιστότερα ὀφθαλμῶν. Ἀκούετε τοῦ μάρτυρος ἅ φησιν, ὡς τὰ πρῶτα τῇ ὄψει ἀπέδωκεν; εἰκότως. τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἔπεα πτεροεντά ἐστι καὶ οἴχεται ἅμα τῷ προελθεῖν ἀποπτάμενα, ἡ δὲ τῶν ὁρωμένων τέρψις ἀεὶ παρεστῶσα καὶ παραμένουσα πάντως τὸν θεατὴν ὑπάγεται.

[¶20] 21. "Is not then a hall so beautiful and admirable a dangerous adversary to a speaker? But I, have not yet mentioned the principal point. You yourselves, gentlemen of the jury, have been regarding the roof as we spoke, admiring the walls and examining the pictures, turning toward each of them. Do not be ashamed! It is excusable if you have felt a touch of human nature, especially in the presence of pictures so beautiful and so varied. The exactness of their technique and the combination of antiquarian interest and instructiveness in their subjects are truly seductive and call for a cultivated ‘spectator. That you may not look exclusively in that direction and leave us in the lurch, I will do my best to paint you a word-picture of them, for I think you will be glad to hear about things which you look at with admiration. Perhaps you will even applaud me for it and prefer me to my opponent, saying. that I have displayed my powers as well as he, and that I have made your pleasure double. But the difficulty of the task is patent, to represent so many pictures without colour, form or space. Word-painting is but a bald thing.

> Greek: 21. πῶς οὖν οὐ χαλεπὸς τῷ λέγοντι ἀνταγωνιστὴς οἶκος οὕτω καλὸς καὶ περίβλεπτος ὤν; μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ μέγιστον οὐδέπω φημί· ὑμεῖς γὰρ αὐτοὶ οἱ δικασταὶ καὶ μεταξὺ λεγόντων ἡμῶν ἐς τὴν ὀροφὴν ἀπεβλέπετε καὶ τοὺς τοίχους ἐθαυμάζετε καὶ τὰς γραφὰς ἐξητάζετε πρὸς ἑκάστην ἀποστρεφόμενοι. καὶ μηδὲν αἰσχυνθῆτε· συγγνώμη γάρ, εἴ τι ἀνθρώπινον πεπόνθατε, ἄλλως τε καὶ πρὸς οὕτω καλὰς καὶ ποικίλας τὰς ὑποθέσεις. τῆς γὰρ τέχνης τὸ ἀκριβὲς καὶ τῆς ἱστορίας μετὰ τοῦ ἀρχαίου τὸ ὠφέλιμον ἐπαγωγὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς καὶ πεπαιδευμένων θεατῶν δεόμενον. καὶ ἵνα μὴ πάντα ἐκεῖσε ἀποβλέπητε ἡμᾶς ἀπολιπόντες, φέρε ὡς οἷόν τε γράψωμαι αὐτὰ ὑμῖν τῷ λόγῳ· ἡσθήσεσθε γάρ, οἶμαι, ἀκούοντες ἃ καὶ ὁρῶντες θαυμάζετε. καὶ ἴσως ἄν με καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἐπαινέσαιτε καὶ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου προτιμήσαιτε, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπιδείξαντα καὶ διπλασιάσαντα ὑμῖν τὴν ἡδονήν. τὸ χαλεπὸν δὲ τοῦ τολμήματος ὁρᾶτε, ἄνευ χρωμάτων καὶ σχημάτων καὶ τόπου συστήσασθαι τοσαύτας εἰκόνας· ψιλὴ γάρ τις ἡ γραφὴ τῶν λόγων.

[¶21] 22. “On the right as you come in, you have a‘combination of Argolic myth and Ethiopian romance. Perseus is killing the sea-monster and freeing Andromeda; in a little while he will marry her and go away with her. It is an incident to his winged quest of the Gorgons. The artist has represented much in little—the maid’s modesty and terror (for she is looking down on the fight from the cliff overhead), the lad’s fond courage and the beast’s unconquerable mien. ‘As he comes on bristling with spines and inspiring terror with his gaping jaws Perseus displays the Gorgon in his left hand, and with his right assails him with the sword: the part of the monster which has seen the Medusa is already stone, and the part that is still alive is feeling the hanger’s edge.

> Greek: 22. ἐν δεξιᾷ μὲν οὖν εἰσιόντι Ἀργολικῷ μύθῳ ἀναμέμικται πάθος Αἰθιοπικόν· ὁ Περσεὺς τὸ κῆτος φονεύει καὶ τὴν Ἀνδρομέδαν καθαιρεῖ, καὶ μετὰ μικρὸν γαμήσει καὶ ἄπεισιν αὐτὴν ἄγων· πάρεργον τοῦτο τῆς ἐπὶ Γοργόνας πτήσεως. ἐν βραχεῖ δὲ πολλὰ ὁ τεχνίτης ἐμιμήσατο, αἰδῶ παρθένου καὶ φόβον — ἐπισκοπεῖ γὰρ μάχην ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῆς πέτρας — καὶ νεανίου τόλμαν ἐρωτικὴν καὶ θηρίου ὄψιν ἀπρόσμαχον· καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔπεισι πεφρικὸς ταῖς ἀκάνθαις καὶ δεδιττόμενον τῷ χάσματι, ὁ Περσεὺς δὲ τῇ λαιᾷ μὲν προδείκνυσι τὴν Γοργόνα, τῇ δεξιᾷ δὲ καθικνεῖται τῷ ξίφει· καὶ τὸ μὲν ὅσον τοῦ κήτους εἶδε τὴν Μέδουσαν, ἤδη λίθος ἐστίν, τὸ δʼ ὅσον ἔμψυχον μένει, τῇ ἅρπῃ κόπτεται.

[¶22] 23. “Next to this picture is portrayed another righteous deed, for which the painter derived his model, I suppose, from Euripides or Sophocles, inasmuch as they have portrayed the subject in the same way. The two youthful comrades Pylades of Phocis and Orestes (supposed to be dead) have secretly entered the palace and are slaying Aegisthus. Clytemnestra is already slain and is stretched on a bed half-naked, and the whole household is stunned by tle deed— some are shouting, apparently, and others casting about for a way of escape. It was a noble device on the painter’s part simply to indicate the impious element in the undertaking and pass it over as an accomplished fact, and to represent the young men lingering over the slaying of the adulterer/ “Next is a handsome god and a pretty boy, a scene of fond foolery.

> Greek: 23. ἑξῆς δὲ μετὰ τήνδε τὴν εἰκόνα ἕτερον δρᾶμα γέγραπται δικαιότατον, οὗ τὸ ἀρχέτυπον ὁ γραφεὺς παρʼ Εὐριπίδου ἢ Σοφοκλέους δοκεῖ μοι λαβεῖν· ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ ὁμοίαν ἔγραψαν τὴν εἰκόνα. τὼ νεανία τὼ ἑταίρω Πυλάδης τε ὁ Φωκεὺς καὶ Ὀρέστης δοκῶν ἤδη τεθνάναι λαθόντʼ ἐς τὰ βασίλεια παρελθόντε φονεύουσιν ἄμφω τὸν Αἴγισθον· ἡ δὲ Κλυταιμνήστρα ἤδη ἀνῄρηται καὶ ἐπʼ εὐνῆς τινος ἡμίγυμνος πρόκειται καὶ θεραπεία πᾶσα, ἐκπεπληγμένοι τὸ ἔργον οἱ μὲν ὥσπερ βοῶσιν, οἱ δέ τινες ὅπῃ φύγωσι περιβλέπουσι. σεμνὸν δέ τι ὁ γραφεὺς ἐπενόησεν, τὸ μὲν ἀσεβὲς τῆς ἐπιχειρήσεως δείξας μόνον καὶ ὡς ἤδη πεπραγμένον παραδραμών, ἐμβραδύνοντας δὲ τοὺς νεανίσκους ἐργασάμενος τῷ τοῦ μοιχοῦ φόνῳ.

[¶23] 24. Branchus, sitting on a rock, is holding up a hare and teasing his dog, while the dog is apparently going to spring up at him; Apollo, standing near, is smiling in amusement at the tricks of the lad and the efforts of the dog.

> Greek: 24. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο θεός ἐστιν εὔμορφος καὶ μειράκιον ὡραῖον, ἐρωτική τις παιδιά· ὁ Βράγχος ἐπὶ πέτρας καθεζόμενος ἀνέχει λαγὼν καὶ προσπαίζει τὸν κύνα, ὁ δὲ πηδησομένῳ ἔοικεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὕψος, καὶ Ἀπόλλων παρεστὼς μειδιᾷ τερπόμενος ἀμφοῖν καὶ τῷ παιδὶ παίζοντι καὶ πειρωμένῳ τῷ κυνί.

[¶24] 25. “Then comes Perseus again, in the adventure: which preceded the sea-monster. He is cutting off the head of Medusa, and Athena is shielding him. He has done the daring deed, but has not looked, except at the reflection of the Gorgon in the shield, for he knows the cost of looking at the reality.

> Greek: 25. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ὁ Περσεὺς πάλιν τὰ πρὸ τοῦ κήτους ἐκεῖνα τολμῶν καὶ ἡ Μέδουσα τεμνομένη τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ σκέπουσα τὸν Περσέα· ὁ δὲ τὴν μὲν τόλμαν εἴργασται, τὸ δὲ ἔργον οὐχ ἑώρακεν, πλὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσπίδος τῆς Γοργόνος τὴν εἰκόνα· οἶδε γὰρ τὸ πρόστιμον τῆς ἀληθοῦς ὄψεως.

[¶25] 26. “In the middle of the wall, above the postern is constructed a shrine of Athena. The goddess is ‘of marble, and is not in harness but as a war-goddess. would appear when at peace.

> Greek: 26. κατὰ δὲ τὸν μέσον τοῖχον ἄνω τῆς ἀντιθύρου Ἀθηνᾶς ναὸς πεποίηται, ἡ θεὸς λίθου λευκοῦ, τὸ σχῆμα οὐ πολεμιστήριον, ἀλλʼ οἷον ἂν γένοιτο εἰρήνην ἀγούσης θεοῦ πολεμικῆς.

[¶26] 27. “Then we have another Athena, not of marble this time, but in colours as before. Hephaestus is pursuing her amorously; she is running away and Erichthonius is being engendered of the chase.

> Greek: 27. εἶτα μετὰ ταύτην ἄλλη Ἀθηνᾶ, οὐ λίθος αὕτη γε, ἀλλὰ γραφὴ πάλιν· Ἥφαιστος αὐτὴν διώκει ἐρῶν, ἡ δὲ φεύγει, κἀκ τῆς διώξεως Ἐριχθόνιος γίγνεται.

[¶27] 28. "On this there follows another prehistoric picture. Orion, who is blind, is carrying Cedalion, and the latter, riding on his back, is showing him the way to the sunlight. "The rising sun is healing the blindness of Orion, and Hephaestus views the incident from Lemnos.

> Greek: 28. ταύτῃ ἕπεται παλαιά τις ἄλλη γραφή· Ὠρίων φέρει τὸν Κηδαλίωνα τυφλὸς ὤν, ὁ δ’ αὐτῷ σημαίνει τὴν πρὸς τὸ φῶς ὁδὸν ἐποχούμενος, καὶ ὁ Ἥλιος φανεὶς ἰᾶται τὴν πήρωσιν, καὶ ὁ Ἥφαιστος Λημνόθεν ἐπισκοπεῖ τὸ ἔργον.

[¶28] 30. “Odysseus is next, feigning madness because he does not want to make the campaign with the sons of Atreus. The ambassadors are there to summon him, All the details of his pretence are true to life—the wagon, the ill-matched team, the folly of his actions. He is shown up, however, by means of his child. Palamedes, son of Nauplius, comprehending the situation, seizes Telemachus and threatens, sword in hand, to kill him, meeting Odysseus’ pretence of madness with a pretence of anger. In the face of this fright Odysseus grows sane, becomes a father and abandons his pretence.

> Greek: 30. Ὀδυσσεὺς τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο δῆθεν μεμηνώς, ἅτε συστρατεύειν τοῖς Ἀτρείδαις μὴ θέλων· πάρεισι δὲ οἱ πρέσβεις ἤδη καλοῦντες. καὶ τὰ μὲν τῆς ὑποκρίσεως πιθανὰ πάντα, ἡ ἀπήνη, τὸ τῶν ὑπεζευγμένων ἀσύμφωνον, ἡ ἄνοια τῶν δρωμένων· ἐλέγχεται δὲ ὅμως τῷ βρέφει· Παλαμήδης γὰρ ὁ τοῦ Ναυπλίου συνεὶς τὸ γιγνόμενον, ἁρπάσας τὸν Τηλέμαχον ἀπειλεῖ φονεύσειν πρόκωπον ἔχων τὸ ξίφος, καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῆς μανίας ὑπόκρισιν ὀργὴν καὶ οὗτος ἀνθυποκρίνεται. ὁ δὲ Ὀδυσσεὺς πρὸς τὸν φόβον τοῦτον σωφρονεῖ καὶ πατὴρ γίγνεται καὶ λύει τὴν ὑπόκρισιν.

[¶29] 31. “Last of all Medea is pictured aflame with jealousy, looking askance at her two boys with a terrible purpose in her mind—indeed, she already has her sword—while the poor children sit there laughing, unsuspicious of the future, although they see the sword in her hands.

> Greek: 31. ὑστάτη δὲ ἡ Μήδεια γέγραπται τῷ ζήλῳ διακαής, τὼ παῖδε ὑποβλέπουσα καί τι δεινὸν ἐννοοῦσα· ἔχει γοῦν ἤδη τὸ ξίφος, τὼ δʼ ἀθλίω καθῆσθον γελῶντε, μηδὲν τῶν μελλόντων εἰδότε, καὶ ταῦτα ὁρῶντε τὸ ξίφος ἐν ταῖν χεροῖν.

[¶30] 32. “Do you not see, gentlemen of the jury, how all these things attract the hearer and turn him away to look, leaving the speaker stranded? My purpose in describing them was not that you might think my opponent bold and daring for voluntarily attacking a task sp difficult, and so pronounce against him, dislike him and leave him floundering, but that on the contrary you might support him and do your best to close your eyes and listen to what he says, taking into consideration the hardness of the thing. Even under these circumstances, when he has you as supporters, not judges, it will be just barely possible for him to avoid being thought altogether unworthy of the splendour of the hall. Do not be surprised that I make this request in behalf of an adversary, for on account of my fondness for the hall I should like anyone who may speak in it, no matter who he is, to be successful.”

> Greek: 32. ταῦτα πάντα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐχ ὁρᾶτε ὅπως ἀπάγει μὲν τὸν ἀκροατὴν καὶ πρὸς τὴν θέαν ἀποστρέφει, μόνον δὲ καταλείπει τὸν λέγοντα; καὶ ἔγωγε διεξῆλθον αὐτά, οὐχ ἵνα τὸν ἀντίδικον τολμηρὸν ὑπολαβόντες καὶ θρασύν, εἰ τοῖς οὕτω δυσκόλοις ἑαυτὸν ἑκὼν φέρων ἐπέβαλεν, καταγνῶτε καὶ μισήσητε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων ἐγκαταλίπητε, ἀλλʼ ἵνα μᾶλλον αὐτῷ συναγωνίσησθε καὶ ὡς οἷόν τε καταμύοντες ἀκούητε τῶν λεγομένων, λογιζόμενοι τοῦ πράγματος τὴν δυσχέρειαν· μόλις γὰρ ἂν οὕτω δυνηθείη οὐ δικασταῖς ἀλλὰ συναγωνισταῖς ὑμῖν χρησάμενος μὴ παντάπασιν ἀνάξιος τῆς τοῦ οἴκου πολυτελείας νομισθῆναι. εἰ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἀντιδίκου ταῦτα δέομαι, μὴ θαυμάσητε· ὑπὸ γὰρ τοῦ τὸν οἶκον φιλεῖν καὶ τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ λέγοντα, ὅστις ἂν ᾖ, βουλοίμην ἂν εὐδοκιμεῖν.