---
title: "Against Agoratus · Κατὰ Ἀγοράτου ἐνδείξεως"
author: "Lysias"
translator: "W. R. M. Lamb"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
url: https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/
cite: "Lysias, tr. W. R. M. Lamb, Against Agoratus · Κατὰ Ἀγοράτου ἐνδείξεως. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/"
---

# Against Agoratus · Κατὰ Ἀγοράτου ἐνδείξεως

*Lysias, tr. W. R. M. Lamb*

Against an informer whose evidence sent democrats to their deaths under the Thirty.

> Greek: ed. W.R.M. Lamb, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0540.tlg013, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: W. R. M. Lamb, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0540.tlg013.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## Contents

1. [Sections 1–52](https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/1.md)
2. [Sections 53–97](https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/2.md)

## 1. Sections 1–52

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/1/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/1/#p-N

[¶0] 1. It is the duty of you all, gentlemen of the jury, to avenge the men who were put to death as supporters of your democracy, and it is also my duty in particular; for Dionysodorus was my brother-in-law and cousin. It happens, therefore, that I share with your democracy the same settled animosity against the defendant, Agoratus; the acts that he has committed are of a kind to give me good reason to hate him today, and justification to you for the penalty which, by Heaven’s will, you are to impose on him.

> Greek: 1. προσήκει μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πᾶσιν ὑμῖν τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ ἀπέθανον εὖνοι ὄντες τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ, προσήκει δὲ κἀμοὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα· κηδεστὴς γάρ μοι ἦν Διονυσόδωρος καὶ ἀνεψιός. τυγχάνει οὖν ἐμοὶ ἡ αὐτὴ ἔχθρα πρὸς Ἀγόρατον τουτονὶ καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ὑπάρχουσα· ἔπραξε γὰρ οὗτος τοιαῦτα, διʼ ἃ ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ νυνὶ εἰκότως μισεῖται, ὑπό τε ὑμῶν, ἐὰν θεὸς θέλῃ, δικαίως τιμωρηθήσεται.

[¶1] 2. For Dionysodorus, my brother-in-law, and many others whose names you shall be duly told,—all loyal friends of your democracy,—were done to death by him in the time of the Thirty, through his act in informing against them. By this conduct he inflicted not only grievous losses on me and each of their relatives as individuals, but serious injuries—so I consider—on the whole city at large, by depriving it of men of that character.

> Greek: 2. Διονυσόδωρον γὰρ τὸν κηδεστὴν τὸν ἐμὸν καὶ ἑτέρους πολλούς, ὧν δὴ τὰ ὀνόματα ἀκούσεσθε, ἄνδρας ὄντας ἀγαθοὺς περὶ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ὑμέτερον, ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα ἀπέκτεινε, μηνυτὴς κατʼ ἐκείνων γενόμενος. ποιήσας δὲ ταῦτα ἐμὲ μὲν ἰδίᾳ καὶ ἕκαστον τῶν προσηκόντων μεγάλα ἐζημίωσε, τὴν δὲ πόλιν κοινῇ πᾶσαν τοιούτων ἀνδρῶν ἀποστερήσας οὐ μικρά, ὡς ἐγὼ νομίζω, ἔβλαψεν.

[¶2] 3. I therefore, gentlemen, consider it an act of justice and piety in all of you as well as myself to take vengeance as far as each of us is able; and I think we should stand better both with the gods and with mankind if we did so. You must hear the whole of the circumstances, gentlemen, from the beginning, in order that you may know, first, in what manner your democracy was dissolved, and by whom; second, in what manner those men were done to death by Agoratus; and further, what injunction they gave when they were about to die.

> Greek: 3. ἐγὼ οὖν, ⟨ὦ⟩ ἄνδρες δικασταί, δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον ἡγοῦμαι εἶναι καὶ ἐμοὶ καὶ ὑμῖν ἅπασι τιμωρεῖσθαι καθʼ ὅσον ἕκαστος δύναται· καὶ ποιοῦσι ταῦτα νομίζω ἡμῖν καὶ παρὰ θεῶν καὶ παρʼ ἀνθρώπων ἄμεινον ἂν γίγνεσθαι. δεῖ δʼ ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐξ ἀρχῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἁπάντων ἀκοῦσαι, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε πρῶτον μὲν ᾧ τρόπῳ ὑμῖν ἡ δημοκρατία κατελύθη καὶ ὑφʼ ὅτου, ἔπειτα ᾧ τρόπῳ οἱ ἄνδρες ὑπʼ Ἀγοράτου ἀπέθανον, καὶ δὴ ὅ τι ἀποθνῄσκειν μέλλοντες ἐπέσκηψαν·

[¶3] 4. For when you have been accurately informed of all these things you will with the more pleasure and piety condemn this man Agoratus. I shall therefore start my relation at a point from which it will be easiest both for me to explain and for you to understand.

> Greek: 4. ἅπαντα γὰρ ταῦτα ἀκριβῶς ἂν μαθόντες ἥδιον καὶ ὁσιώτερον Ἀγοράτου τουτουὶ καταψηφίζοισθε. ὅθεν οὖν ἡμεῖς τε ῥᾷστα διδάξομεν καὶ ὑμεῖς μαθήσεσθε, ἐντεῦθεν ὑμῖν ἄρξομαι διηγεῖσθαι.

[¶4] 5. When your ships had been destroyed and the resources of the city had been enfeebled, the ships of the Lacedaemonians arrived soon after at the Peiraeus, and negotiations for peace were made at once with the Lacedaemonians.

> Greek: 5. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αἱ νῆες αἱ ὑμέτεραι διεφθάρησαν καὶ τὰ πράγματα ⟨τὰ⟩ ἐν τῇ πόλει ἀσθενέστερα ἐγεγένητο, οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ ὕστερον αἵ τε νῆες αἱ Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ ἀφικνοῦνται, καὶ ἅμα λόγοι πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης ἐγίγνοντο.

[¶5] 6. At this moment those who desired to have a revolution in the State were busy with their plots, conceiving that they had found an excellent opportunity, and that this was the very moment for them to arrange the government according to their own desire.

> Greek: 6. ἐν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ οἱ βουλόμενοι νεώτερα πράγματα ἐν τῇ πόλει γίγνεσθαι ἐπεβούλευον, νομίζοντες κάλλιστον καιρὸν εἰληφέναι καὶ μάλιστʼ ⟨ἂν⟩ ἐν τῷ τότε χρόνῳ τὰ πράγματα, ὡς αὐτοὶ ἐβούλοντο, καταστήσασθαι.

[¶6] 7. The only obstacles that they saw in their path were the leaders of the popular party and the generals and commanders. These they consequently sought to clear out of their way by fair means or foul, in order that they might achieve their ends with ease. So they began with an attack on Cleophon in the following manner.

> Greek: 7. ἡγοῦντο δὲ οὐδὲν ἄλλο σφίσιν ἐμποδὼν εἶναι ἢ τοὺς τοῦ δήμου προεστηκότας καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοῦντας καὶ ταξιαρχοῦντας. τούτους οὖν ἐβούλοντο ἁμῶς γέ πως ἐκποδὼν ποιήσασθαι, ἵνα ῥᾳδίως ἃ βούλοιντο διαπράττοιντο. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν Κλεοφῶντι ἐπέθεντο ἐκ τρόπου τοιούτου.

[¶7] 8. When the first Assembly was held on the question of peace, and the emissaries of the Lacedaemonians stated the terms on which the Lacedaemonians were prepared to make peace,—on condition that the Long Walls were demolished, each to the extent of ten stades,—you then refused, men of Athens, to stomach what you had heard as to the demolition of the walls, and Cleophon arose and protested on behalf of you all that by no means could the thing be done.

> Greek: 8. ὅτε γὰρ ἡ πρώτη ἐκκλησία περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης ἐγίγνετο καὶ οἱ παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων ἥκοντες ἔλεγον ἐφʼ οἷς ἕτοιμοι εἶεν τὴν εἰρήνην ποιεῖσθαι Λακεδαιμόνιοι, εἰ κατασκαφείη τῶν τειχῶν τῶν μακρῶν ἐπὶ δέκα στάδια ἑκατέρου, τότε ὑμεῖς τε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐκ ἠνέσχεσθε ἀκούσαντες περὶ τῶν τειχῶν τῆς κατασκαφῆς, Κλεοφῶν τε ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν πάντων ἀναστὰς ἀντεῖπεν ὡς οὐδενὶ τρόπῳ οἷόν τε εἴη ποιεῖν ταῦτα.

[¶8] 9. After that Theramenes, who was plotting against your democracy, arose and said that, if you would appoint him an ambassador to treat for peace with a free hand, he would arrange that there should be neither a breach made in the walls nor any other abasement of the city; and that he thought he would contrive even to get from the Lacedaemonians some additional boon for the city.

> Greek: 9. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Θηραμένης, ἐπιβουλεύων τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ, ἀναστὰς λέγει ὅτι, ἐὰν αὐτὸν ἕλησθε περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης πρεσβευτὴν αὐτοκράτορα, ποιήσει ὥστε μήτε τῶν τειχῶν διελεῖν μήτε ἄλλο τὴν πόλιν ἐλαττῶσαι μηδέν· οἴοιτο δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τι ἀγαθὸν παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων τῇ πόλει εὑρήσεσθαι.

[¶9] 10. You were persuaded, and appointed as an ambassador with a free hand the man whom in the previous year, after his election to the generalship, you had rejected on his scrutiny, because you judged him disloyal to your democracy.

> Greek: 10. πεισθέντες δὲ ὑμεῖς εἵλεσθε ἐκεῖνον πρεσβευτὴν αὐτοκράτορα, ὃν τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτει στρατηγὸν χειροτονηθέντα ἀπεδοκιμάσατε, οὐ νομίζοντες εὔνουν εἶναι τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ.

[¶10] 11. Well, he went to Lacedaemon and stayed there a long time, though he had left you here in a state of siege, and knew that your population was in desperate straits, as owing to the war and its distresses the majority must be in want of the necessaries of life. But he thought that, if he should reduce you to the condition to which he in fact reduced you, you would be only too glad to make peace on any sort of terms.

> Greek: 11. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν ἐλθὼν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα ἔμενεν ἐκεῖ πολὺν χρόνον, καταλιπὼν ὑμᾶς πολιορκουμένους, εἰδὼς τὸ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἐχόμενον καὶ διὰ τὸν πόλεμον καὶ τὰ κακὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἐνδεεῖς ὄντας, νομίζων, εἰ διαθείη ὑμᾶς [ἀπόρως] ὥσπερ διέθηκεν, ἀσμένως ὁποιαντινοῦν ἐθελῆσαι ἂν εἰρήνην ποιήσασθαι.

[¶11] 12. The others remained here, with the design of subverting the democracy: they brought Cleophon to trial, on the pretext that he did not go to the camp for his night’s rest, but really because he had spoken on your behalf against the destruction of the walls. So they packed a jury for his trial, and these promoters of oligarchy appeared before the court and had him put to death on that pretext.

> Greek: 12. οἱ δʼ ἐνθάδε ὑπομένοντες καὶ ἐπιβουλεύοντες καταλῦσαι τὴν δημοκρατίαν εἰς ἀγῶνα Κλεοφῶντα καθιστᾶσι, πρόφασιν μὲν ὅτι οὐκ ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅπλα ἀναπαυσόμενος, τὸ δʼ ἀληθὲς ὅτι ἀντεῖπεν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν μὴ καθαιρεῖν τὰ τείχη. ἐκείνῳ μὲν οὖν δικαστήριον παρασκευάσαντες καὶ εἰσελθόντες οἱ βουλόμενοι ὀλιγαρχίαν καταστήσασθαι ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ.

[¶12] 13. Theramenes arrived later from Lacedaemon. Then some of the generals and commanders—among them Strombichides and Dionysodorus, and some other citizens, who were loyal to you, as indeed they showed later—went to him and protested strongly.

> Greek: 13. Θηραμένης δὲ ὕστερον ἀφικνεῖται ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος. προσιόντες δʼ αὐτῷ τῶν τε στρατηγῶν τινες καὶ τῶν ταξιάρχων, ὧν ἦν Στρομβιχίδης καὶ Διονυσόδωρος, καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τῶν πολιτῶν εὐνοοῦντες ὑμῖν, ὥς γʼ ἐδήλωσαν ὕστερον, ἠγανάκτουν σφόδρα. ἦλθε γὰρ φέρων εἰρήνην τοιαύτην, ἣν ἡμεῖς ἔργῳ μαθόντες ἔγνωμεν· πολλοὺς γὰρ τῶν πολιτῶν καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ἀπωλέσαμεν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα ἐξηλάθημεν.

[¶13] 14. For he had brought to us a peace whose nature we had learnt through the lessons of experience, since we had lost a great number of worthy citizens, and had ourselves been banished by the Thirty. Instead of a breach of ten stades’ length in the Long Walls, its terms required the razing of the Long Walls in their entirety; and instead of his contriving to get some additional boon for the city, we were to surrender our ships and dismantle the wall around the Peiraeus.

> Greek: 14. ἐνῆν γὰρ ἀντὶ μὲν τοῦ ἐπὶ δέκα στάδια τῶν μακρῶν τειχῶν διελεῖν ὅλα τὰ μακρὰ τείχη διασκάψαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ ἄλλο τι ἀγαθὸν τῇ πόλει εὑρέσθαι τάς τε ναῦς παραδοῦναι [τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις] καὶ τὸ περὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ τεῖχος περιελεῖν.

[¶14] 15. These men perceived that, although nominally we had the promise of peace, in actual fact it was the dissolution of the democracy, and they refused to authorize such a proceeding: their motive was not pity, men of Athens, for the walls that were to come down, or regret for the fleet that was to be surrendered to the Lacedaemonians,—for they had no closer concern in these than each one of you,— but they could see that this would be the means of subverting your democracy; nor were they lacking, as some declare, in eagerness for the conclusion of peace, but they desired to arrange a better peace than this for the Athenian people.

> Greek: 15. ὁρῶντες δὲ οὗτοι οἱ ἄνδρες ὀνόματι μὲν εἰρήνην λεγομένην, τῷ δʼ ἔργῳ τὴν δημοκρατίαν καταλυομένην, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψειν ταῦτα γενέσθαι, οὐκ ἐλεοῦντες, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰ τείχη, εἰ πεσεῖται, οὐδὲ κηδόμενοι τῶν νεῶν, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις παραδοθήσονται (οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τούτων πλέον ἤ ὑμῶν ἑκάστῳ προσῆκεν), ἀλλʼ αἰσθόμενοι ἐκ τοῦ τρόπου τούτου τὸ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος καταλυθησόμενον, οὐδʼ, ὥς φασί τινες, οὐκ ἐπιθυμοῦντες εἰρήνην γίγνεσθαι, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενοι βελτίω ταύτης εἰρήνην τῷ δήμῳ τῷ Ἀθηναίων ποιήσασθαι.

[¶15] 16. They believed that they would be able to do it, and they would have succeeded, had they not been destroyed by this man Agoratus.

> Greek: 16. ἐνόμιζον δὲ δυνήσεσθαι, καὶ ἔπραξαν ἂν ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ ὑπʼ Ἀγοράτου τουτουὶ ἀπώλοντο.

[¶16] 17. Theramenes and the others who were intriguing against you took note of the fact that there were some men proposing to prevent the subversion of the democracy and to make a stand for the defence of freedom; so they resolved, before the Assembly met to consider the peace, to involve these men first in calumnious prosecutions, in order that there should be none to take up the defence of your people at the meeting. Now, let me tell you the scheme that they laid.

> Greek: 17. γνοὺς δὲ ταῦτα Θηραμένης καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι οἱ ἐπιβουλεύοντες ὑμῖν, ὅτι εἰσί τινες οἳ κωλύσουσι τὸν δῆμον καταλυθῆναι καὶ ἐναντιώσονται περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας, εἵλοντο, πρὶν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τὴν περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης γενέσθαι, τούτους πρῶτον εἰς διαβολὰς καὶ κινδύνους καταστῆσαι, ἵνα μηδεὶς ἐκεῖ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὑμετέρου πλήθους ἀντιλέγοι. ἐπιβουλὴν οὖν τοιαύτην ἐπιβουλεύουσι.

[¶17] 18. They persuaded Agoratus here to act as informer against the generals and commanders; not that he was their accomplice, men of Athens, in anyway,—for I presume they were not so foolish and friendless that for such important business they would have called in Agoratus, born and bred a slave, as their trusty ally; they rather regarded him as a serviceable informer. Their desire was that he could seem to inform unwillingly, instead of willingly, so that the information should appear more trustworthy.

> Greek: 18. πείθουσι γὰρ Ἀγόρατον τουτονὶ μηνυτὴν κατὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ τῶν ταξιάρχων γενέσθαι, οὐ συνειδότα ἐκείνοις, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐδέν (οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἐκεῖνοι οὕτως ἀνόητοι ἦσαν καὶ ἄφιλοι, ὥστε περὶ τηλικούτων ἂν πραγμάτων πράττοντες Ἀγόρατον ὡς πιστὸν καὶ εὔνουν, δοῦλον καὶ ἐκ δούλων ὄντα, παρεκάλεσαν), ἀλλʼ ἐδόκει αὐτοῖς οὗτος ἐπιτήδειος εἶναι μηνυτής.

[¶18] 19. But he gave it willingly, as I think you will perceive for yourselves from what has since occurred. For they sent into the Council Theocritus, the man called “the son of Elaphostictus”: this Theocritus was a comrade and intimate of Agoratus. The Council which held session before the time of the Thirty had been corrupted, and its appetite for oligarchy, as you know, was very keen.

> Greek: 19. ἐβούλοντο οὖν ἄκοντα δοκεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ ἑκόντα μηνύειν, ὅπως πιστοτέρα ἡ μήνυσις φαίνοιτο. ὡς δὲ ἑκὼν ἐμήνυσε, καὶ ὑμᾶς οἶμαι ἐκ τῶν πεπραγμένων αἰσθήσεσθαι. εἰσπέμπουσι γὰρ εἰς τὴν βουλὴν [τὴν πρὸ τῶν τριάκοντα βουλεύουσαν] Θεόκριτον τὸν τοῦ Ἐλαφοστίκτου καλούμενον· ὁ δὲ Θεόκριτος οὗτος ἑταῖρος ἦν τῷ Ἀγοράτῳ καὶ ἐπιτήδειος.

[¶19] 20. For proof of it you have the fact that the majority of that Council had seats in the subsequent Council under the Thirty. And what is my reason for making these remarks to you? That you may know that the decrees issued by that Council were all designed, not in loyalty to you, but for the subversion of your democracy, and that you may study them as thus exposed.

> Greek: 20. ἡ δὲ βουλὴ ἡ πρὸ τῶν τριάκοντα βουλεύουσα διέφθαρτο καὶ ὀλιγαρχίας ἐπεθύμει, ὡς ἴστε, μάλιστα. τεκμήριον δέ· οἱ γὰρ πολλοὶ ⟨οἱ⟩ ἐξ ἐκείνης τῆς βουλῆς τὴν ὑστέραν βουλὴν ⟨τὴν⟩ ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα ἐβούλευον. τοῦ δʼ ἕνεκα ταῦτα λέγω ὑμῖν; ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε, ὅτι τὰ ψηφίσματα ⟨τὰ⟩ ἐξ ἐκείνης τῆς βουλῆς οὐκ ἐπʼ εὐνοίᾳ τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ καταλύσει τοῦ δήμου τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἅπαντα ἐγένετο, καὶ ὡς τοιούτοις οὖσιν αὐτοῖς τὸν νοῦν προσέχητε.

[¶20] 21. Theocritus entered this Council, and behind closed doors he informed them that certain persons were combining to oppose the system then being instituted. He declined, however, to give their several names, as he was bound by the same oaths as they were, and there were others who would give the names: he would never do it himself.

> Greek: 21. εἰσελθὼν δὲ εἰς ταύτην τὴν βουλὴν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ Θεόκριτος μηνύει ὅτι συλλέγονταί τινες ἐναντιωσόμενοι τοῖς τότε καθισταμένοις πράγμασι. τὰ μὲν οὖν ὀνόματα οὐκ ἔφη αὐτῶν ἐρεῖν καθʼ ἕκαστον· ὅρκους τε γὰρ ὀμωμοκέναι τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐκείνοις, καὶ εἶναι ἑτέρους οἳ ἐροῦσι τὰ ὀνόματα, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἄν ποτε ποιῆσαι ταῦτα.

[¶21] 22. Yet, if his information was not laid by arrangement, surely the Council could have compelled Theocritus to give the names, instead of laying the information with no names given. But in fact, here is the decree that they voted:— Decree Now when this decree had been passed, the councillors appointed for the purpose went down to the Peiraeus to find Agoratus: they lighted on him in the market, and sought to take him off.

> Greek: 22. καίτοι εἰ μὴ ἐκ παρασκευῆς ἐμηνύετο, πῶς οὐκ ἂν ἠνάγκασεν ἡ βουλὴ εἰπεῖν τὰ ὀνόματα Θεόκριτον καὶ μὴ ἀνώνυμον τὴν μήνυσιν ποιήσασθαι; νυνὶ δὲ τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ψηφίζεται.

[¶22] 23. On the spot were Nicias, Nicomenes and some others, who, seeing that the business was not going very successfully in the city, refused to allow Agoratus to be taken: they were for releasing him and giving bail, and undertook to produce him before the Council.

> Greek: 23. Ψήφισμα ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐψηφίσθη, κατέρχονται ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀγόρατον εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ οἱ αἱρεθέντες τῶν βουλευτῶν, καὶ περιτυχόντες αὐτῷ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐζήτουν ἄγειν. παραγενόμενος δὲ Νικίας καὶ Νικομένης καὶ ἄλλοι τινές, ὁρῶντες τὰ πράγματα οὐχ οἷα βέλτιστα ἐν τῇ πόλει ὄντα, ἄγειν μὲν τὸν Ἀγόρατον οὐκ ἔφασαν προήσεσθαι, ἀφῃροῦντο δὲ καὶ ἠγγυῶντο καὶ ὡμολόγουν παρέξειν εἰς τὴν βουλήν.

[¶23] 24. The councillors, having duly noted the names of those who tendered bail and stopped the arrest, went off to town. Then Agoratus and his sureties seated themselves at the altar on Munichia. Seated there, they debated the question of what should be done. The sureties and everyone else were of opinion that they should get Agoratus out of the way as quickly as possible, and having brought two vessels alongside they begged him at all costs to quit Athens, and said that they would themselves accompany him on the voyage until affairs should get settled; they argued that if he were brought up before the Council he would be put to the torture, and would perhaps be compelled to give the names of such Athenians as might be suggested by those who were bent on working some mischief in the city.

> Greek: 24. γραψάμενοι δὲ οἱ βουλευταὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἐγγυωμένων καὶ κωλυόντων, ἀπιόντες ᾤχοντο εἰς ἄστυ. ὁ δὲ Ἀγόρατος καὶ οἱ ἐγγυηταὶ καθίζουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν Μουνιχίασιν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκάθισαν, ἐβουλεύοντο τί χρὴ ποιεῖν. ἐδόκει οὖν τοῖς ἐγγυηταῖς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν ἐκποδὼν ποιήσασθαι τὸν Ἀγόρατον ὡς τάχιστα, καὶ παρορμίσαντες δύο πλοῖα [Μουνιχίασιν] ἐδέοντο αὐτοῦ παντὶ τρόπῳ ἀπελθεῖν Ἀθήνηθεν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔφασαν συνεκπλευσεῖσθαι, ἕως τὰ πράγματα κατασταίη, λέγοντες ὅτι, εἰ κομισθείη εἰς τὴν βουλήν, βασανιζόμενος ἴσως ἀναγκασθήσεται ὀνόματα εἰπεῖν Ἀθηναίων ὧν ἂν ὑποβάλωσιν οἱ βουλόμενοι κακόν τι ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐργάζεσθαι.

[¶24] 26. Although they thus entreated him, and had provided vessels, and were ready themselves to accompany him on the voyage, this man Agoratus refused to take their advice. And yet, Agoratus, unless there had been some prearrangement with you, such as to assure you that you would come to no harm, how could you have failed to make off, when there were vessels provided, and your sureties were ready to accompany you on the voyage? It was still possible for you: the Council had not yet got you in their hands.

> Greek: 26. ταῦτα ἐκείνων δεομένων καὶ παρασκευασάντων πλοῖα καὶ αὐτῶν ἑτοίμων ὄντων συνεκπλεῖν, οὐκ ἠθέλησε πείθεσθαι αὐτοῖς Ἀγόρατος οὑτοσί. καίτοι, ὦ Ἀγόρατε, εἰ μή τί σοι ἦν παρεσκευασμένον καὶ ἐπίστευες μηδὲν κακὸν πείσεσθαι, πῶς οὐκ ἂν ᾤχου καὶ πλοίων παρεσκευασμένων καὶ τῶν ἐγγυητῶν ἑτοίμων ὄντων σοι συνεκπλεῖν; ἔτι γὰρ οἷόν τέ σοι ἦν, καὶ οὔπω ἡ βουλή σου ἐκράτει.

[¶25] 27. Nay, indeed, you were not in nearly so good a case as your friends: in the first place, they were Athenians, and so were not in fear of being tortured; and in the second, they were ready to resign their own native land and go on the voyage with you, because they felt that there was more to be gained by this than by your unjust destruction of a large number of good citizens. But you, first of all, were in danger of being tortured if you stayed where you were; and secondly, you would not have been parting from your own native land.

> Greek: 27. ἀλλὰ μὲν δὴ οὐχ ὅμοιά γε σοὶ καὶ ἐκείνοις ὑπῆρχε. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι ἦσαν ὥστε οὐκ ἐδέδισαν βασανισθῆναι· ἔπειτα πατρίδα σφετέραν αὐτῶν καταλιπόντες ἕτοιμοι ἦσαν συνεκπλεῖν μετὰ σοῦ, ἡγησάμενοι ταῦτα μᾶλλον λυσιτελεῖν ἢ τῶν πολιτῶν πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ὑπὸ σοῦ ἀδίκως ἀπολέσθαι. σοὶ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν κίνδυνος ἦν βασανισθῆναι ὑπομείναντι, ἔπειτα οὐ πατρίδα ἂν σαυτοῦ ἀπέλιπες·

[¶26] 28. So in every view it was more to your interest to go on a voyage than it was to theirs, unless you had something to give you assurance. But now you pretend that you acted unwillingly, though you willingly put to death a large number of good Athenians. To show how all that I have recounted was done by prearrangement I have witnesses; and the very decree of the Council will testify against you.

> Greek: 28. ὥστʼ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου σοὶ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκείνοις ἐκπλεῦσαι συνέφερεν, εἰ μή τι ἦν ᾧ ἐπίστευες. νῦν δὲ ἄκων μὲν προσποιεῖ, ἑκὼν δὲ πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς Ἀθηναίων ἀπέκτεινας. ὡς δὲ παρεσκευάσθη ἅπαντα ἃ ἐγὼ λέγω, καὶ μάρτυρές εἰσι καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ψήφισμά σου τὸ τῆς βουλῆς καταμαρτυρήσει.

[¶27] 29. Witnesses
Decree Now when this decree had been passed, and the councillors had arrived at Munichia, Agoratus of his own free will arose from the altar: yet he now says that he was taken away by force.

> Greek: 29. ⟨Μάρτυρες⟩ Ψήφισμα ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐψηφίσθη καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς Μουνιχίαζε, ἑκὼν ἀνέστη Ἀγόρατος ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ· καίτοι νῦν γε βίᾳ φησὶν ἀφαιρεθῆναι.

[¶28] 30. When they were brought up before the Council, Agoratus deposed first the names of his sureties, then those of the generals and commanders, and then those of some other citizens. This was the beginning of the whole trouble. That he deposed the names, I think he himself will admit: failing that, I shall convict him as taken in the act. So answer me.

> Greek: 30. ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὴν βουλὴν ἐκομίσθησαν, ἀπογράφει Ἀγόρατος πρῶτον μὲν τῶν αὑτοῦ ἐγγυητῶν τὰ ὀνόματα, ἔπειτα τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ τῶν ταξιάρχων, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν πολιτῶν. ἡ δὲ ἀρχὴ αὕτη τοῦ παντὸς κακοῦ ἐγένετο. ὡς δὲ ἀπέγραψε τὰ ὀνόματα, οἶμαι μὲν καὶ αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσειν· εἰ δὲ μή, ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ ἐγὼ αὐτὸν ἐξελέγξω. ἀπόκριναι δή μοι.

[¶29] 31. Interrogation Now, they wanted him, gentlemen of the jury, to depose the names of yet more people; so firmly determined were the Council to work some mischief that they would not believe that he had yet given them the whole truth in his accusation. Well, he willingly deposed against all those men, with no compulsion upon him.

> Greek: 31. Ἐρώτησις ἐβούλοντο τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἔτι πλειόνων αὐτὸν τὰ ὀνόματα ἀπογράψαι· οὕτω ἔρρωτο ἡ βουλὴ κακόν τι ἐργάζεσθαι [αὐτὸν] ὥστʼ οὐκ ἐδόκει αὐτοῖς ἅπαντα τἀληθῆ πω κατηγορηκέναι. τούτους μὲν οὖν ἅπαντας ἑκὼν ἀπογράφει, οὐδεμιᾶς αὐτῶνἀνάγκης οὔσης. [μετὰ τοῦτο προσαπογράφει ἑτέρους τῶν πολιτῶν.]

[¶30] 32. When the Assembly met in the theater at Munichia, some were so extremely anxious to have information laid before the people also in regard to the generals and commanders—as to the others, it was enough to have had it laid before the Council only—that they brought him up there also, before the people. Now answer me, Agoratus: you will not, I suppose, deny what you did in the presence of all the Athenians.

> Greek: 32. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ ἐκκλησία Μουνιχίασιν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ ἐγίγνετο, οὕτω σφόδρα τινὲς ἐπεμελοῦντο ὅπως καὶ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ περὶ τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ τῶν ταξιάρχων μήνυσις γένοιτο (περὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπέχρη ἐν τῇ βουλῇ [μήνυσις] μόνῃ γεγενημένη), ὥστε καὶ ἐκεῖ παράγουσιν ⟨αὐτὸν⟩ εἰς τὸν δῆμον. καί μοι ἀπόκριναι, ὦ Ἀγόρατε· οὐ γὰρ οἶμαί σε ἔξαρνον γενήσεσθαι ἃ ἐναντίον Ἀθηναίων ἁπάντων ἐποίησας.

[¶31] 33. Interrogation He admits it himself; but however, the decrees of the people shall be read to you. Decrees That this man Agoratus deposed the names of those men, both before the Council and before the people, and that he is their murderer, I believe you understand well enough. My further point, that he was the author of all the city’s troubles, and does not deserve to be pitied by anybody, I think I can make plain to you in summary fashion.

> Greek: 33. Ἐρώτησις ὁμολογεῖ μὲν καὶ αὐτός, ὅμως δὲ καὶ τὰ ψηφίσματα ὑμῖν τοῦ δήμου ἀναγνώσεται. Ψηφίσματα ὅτι μὲν ἀπέγραψεν Ἀγόρατος οὑτοσὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων τὰ ὀνόματα, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, καὶ ἔστι φονεὺς ἐκείνων, σχεδόν τι οἶμαι ὑμᾶς ἐπίστασθαι· ὡς τοίνυν ἁπάντων τῶν κακῶν αἴτιος τῇ πόλει ἐγένετο καὶ οὐδʼ ὑφʼ ἑνὸς αὐτὸν προσήκει ἐλεεῖσθαι, ἐγὼ οἶμαι ὑμῖν ἐν κεφαλαίοις ἀποδείξειν.

[¶32] 34. For it was just when those persons had been arrested and imprisoned that Lysander sailed into your harbors, that your ships were surrendered to the Lacedaemonians, that the walls were demolished, that the Thirty were established, and that every conceivable misery befell the city.

> Greek: 34. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι συλληφθέντες ἐδέθησαν, τότε καὶ ὁ Λύσανδρος εἰς τοὺς λιμένας τοὺς ὑμετέρους εἰσέπλευσε, καὶ αἱ νῆες αἱ ὑμέτεραι Λακεδαιμονίοις παρεδόθησαν, καὶ τὰ τείχη κατεσκάφη, καὶ οἱ τριάκοντα κατέστησαν, καὶ τί οὐ τῶν δεινῶν τῇ πόλει ἐγένετο.

[¶33] 35. And then, as soon as the Thirty were established, they promptly brought these men to trial before the Council; whereas the people had decreed that it should be “before the court of two thousand.” Please read the decree.

> Greek: 35. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν οἱ τριάκοντα κατεστάθησαν εὐθέως κρίσιν τοῖς ἀνδράσι τούτοις ἐποίουν ἐν τῇ βουλῇ, ὁ δὲ δῆμος ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ ἐν δισχιλίοις ἐψήφιστο. καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι τὸ ψήφισμα.

[¶34] 36. Decree Now if they had been tried before the proper court, they would have easily escaped harm; for by that time you were all apprised of the evil plight of the city, though you were unable at that stage to be of further service to her. But as it was, they were brought before the Council which sat under the Thirty. And the trial was conducted in a manner that you yourselves well know:

> Greek: 36. Ψήφισμα εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ ἐκρίνοντο, ῥαδίως ἂν ἐσῴζοντο· ἅπαντες γὰρ ἤδη ἐγνωκότες ἦτε οὗ ἦν κακοῦ ἡ πόλις, ἐν ᾧ οὐδὲν ἔτι ὠφελεῖν ἐδύνασθε νῦν δʼ εἰς τὴν βουλὴν αὐτοὺς τὴν ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα εἰσάγουσιν. ἡ δὲ κρίσις τοιαύτη ἐγίγνετο, οἵαν καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ ἐπίστασθε.

[¶35] 37. the Thirty were seated on the benches which are now the seats of the presiding magistrates; two tables were set before the Thirty, and the vote had to be deposited, not in urns, but openly on these tables,—the condemning vote on the further one —so what possible chance of escape had any of them?

> Greek: 37. οἱ μὲν γὰρ τριάκοντα ἐκάθηντο ἐπὶ τῶν βάθρων, οὗ νῖν οἱ πρυτάνεις καθέζονται· δύο δὲ τράπεζαι ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν τῶν τριάκοντα ἐκείσθην· τὴν δὲ ψῆφον οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας ταύτας ἔδει τίθεσθαι, τὴν μὲν καθαιροῦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν ὑστέραν …, ὥστε ἐκ τίνος τρόπου ἔμελλέ τις αὐτῶν σωθήσεσθαι; ἑνὶ δὲ λόγῳ, ὅσοι εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον [ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα] εἰσῆλθον κριθησόμενοι, ἁπάντων θάνατος κατεγιγνώσκετο καὶ οὐδενὸς ἀπεψηφίσαντο, πλὴν Ἀγοράτου τουτουί·

[¶36] 38. In a word, all those who had entered that Council chamber for their trial were condemned to death: not one was acquitted, except this man Agoratus; him they let off, as being a “benefactor.” And in order that you may know of the large number done to death by this man, I propose to read you their names.

> Greek: 38. τοῦτον δὲ ἀφεῖσαν ὡς εὐεργέτην ὄντα· ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὡς πολλοὶ ὑπὸ τούτου τεθνᾶσι, βούλομαι ὑμῖν τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν ἀναγνῶναι.

[¶37] 39. Names Now, when sentence of death, gentlemen, had been passed on them, and they had to die, each of them sent for his sister, or his mother, or his wife, or any female relative that he had, to see them in the prison, in order that they might take the last farewell of their people before they should end their days.

> Greek: 39. Ὀνόματα ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, θάνατος αὐτῶν κατεγνώσθη καὶ ἔδει αὐτοὺς ἀποθνήσκειν, μεταπέμπονται εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ὁ μὲν ἀδελφήν, ὁ δὲ μητέρα, ὁ δὲ γυναῖκα, ὁ δʼ ἥ τις ἦν ἑκάστῳ αὐτῶν προσήκουσα, ἵνα τὰ ὕστατα ἀσπασάμενοι τοὺς αὑτῶν οὕτω τὸν βίον τελευτήσειαν.

[¶38] 40. In particular, Dionysodorus sent for my sister—she was his wife—to see him in the prison. On receiving the message she came, dressed in a black cloak as was natural in view of the sad fate that had befallen her husband.

> Greek: 40. καὶ δὴ καὶ Διονυσόδωρος μεταπέμπεται τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον, γυναῖκα ἑαυτοῦ οὖσαν. πυθομένη δʼ ἐκείνη ἀφικνεῖται, μέλαν τε ἱμάτιον ἠμφιεσμένη …, ὡς εἰκὸς ἦν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς τοιαύτῃ συμφορᾷ κεχρημένῳ.

[¶39] 41. In the presence of my sister, Dionysodorus, after disposing of his personal property as he thought fit, referred to this man Agoratus as responsible for his death, and charged me and Dionysius his brother here, and all his friends to execute his vengeance upon Agoratus; and he charged his wife, believing her to be with child by him, that if she should bear a son she should tell the child that Agoratus had taken his father’s life, and should bid him execute his father’s vengeance on the man for his murder.

> Greek: 41. ἐναντίον δὲ τῆς ἀδελφῆς τῆς ἐμῆς Διονυσόδωρος τά τε οἰκεῖα τὰ αὑτοῦ διέθετο ὅπως αὐτῷἐδόκει, καὶ περὶ Ἀγοράτου τουτουὶ ἔλεγεν ὅτι ⟨οἱ⟩ αἴτιος ἦν τοῦ θανάτου, καὶ ἐπέσκηπτεν ἐμοὶ καὶ Διονυσίῳ τουτῳί, τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ αὑτοῦ, καὶ τοῖς φίλοις πᾶσι τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ Ἀγόρατον·

[¶40] 42. To show the truth of what I state, I will produce witnesses to these facts. Witnesses So then these persons, men of Athens, lost their lives through the depositions of Agoratus. But after the Thirty had cleared them out of their way, you know well enough, I imagine, what a multitude of miseries next befell the city; and for all of them this man, by taking those people’s lives, was responsible.

> Greek: 42. καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ τῇ αὑτοῦ ἐπέσκηπτε, νομίζων αὐτὴν κυεῖν ἐξ αὑτοῦ, ἐὰν γένηται αὐτῇ παιδίον, φράζειν τῷ γενομένῳ ὅτι τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ Ἀγόρατος ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ κελεύειν τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ ὡς φονέα ὄντα. ὡς οὖν ἀληθῆ λέγω, μάρτυρας τούτων παρέξομαι. Μάρτυρες οὗτοι μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὑπʼ Ἀγοράτου ἀπογραφέντες ἀπέθανον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τούτους ἐκποδὼν ἐποιήσαντο οἱ τριάκοντα, σχεδὸν οἶμαι ὑμᾶς ἐπίστασθαι ὡς πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ μετὰ ταῦτα τῇ πόλει ἐγένετο· ὧν οὗτος ἁπάντων αἴτιός ἐστιν ἀποκτείνας ἐκείνους. ἀνιῶμαι μὲν οὖν ὑπομιμνῄσκων τὰς γεγενημένας συμφορὰς τῇ πόλει, ἀνάγκη δʼ ἐστίν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐν τῷ παρόντι καιρῷ, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε ὡς σφόδρα ὑμῖν ἐλεεῖν προσήκει Ἀγόρατον.

[¶41] 44. It gives me pain, indeed, to recall the calamities that have befallen the city, but it is a necessity, gentlemen of the jury, at the present moment, so that you may know how richly Agoratus deserves your pity! For you know the character and number of the citizens who were brought away from Salamis, and the way in which they were destroyed by the Thirty. You know what a great number of the people of Eleusis shared that calamity.

> Greek: 44. ἴστε μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος τῶν πολιτῶν κομισθέντας, οἷοι ἦσαν καὶ ὅσοι, καὶ οἵῳ ὀλέθρῳ ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα ἀπώλοντο· ἴστε δὲ τοὺς ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνος, ὡς πολλοὶ ταύτῃ τῇ συμφορᾷ ἐχρήσαντο· μέμνησθε δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐνθάδε διὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἔχθρας ἀπαγομένους εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον·

[¶42] 45. You remember also our people here who were haled to prison on account of private enmities; and who, having done no harm to the city, were compelled to perish by the most shameful, the most infamous, of deaths. Some left elderly parents behind them, who were expecting to be supported in their old age by their own children and, when they should end their days, to be laid by them in the grave; others left sisters unwedded, and others little children who still required much tendance.

> Greek: 45. οἵ οὐδὲν κακὸν τὴν πόλιν ποιήσαντες ἠναγκάζοντο αἰσχίστῳ καὶ ἀκλεεστάτῳ ὀλέθρῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, οἱ μὲν γονέας [σφετέρους αὐτῶν] πρεσβύτας καταλιπόντες, οἳ ἤλπιζον ὑπὸ τῶν σφετέρων αὐτῶν παίδων γηροτροφηθέντες, ἐπειδὴ τελευτήσειαν τὸν βίον, ταφήσεσθαι, οἱ δὲ ἀδελφὰς ἀνεκδότους, οἱ δὲ παῖδας μικροὺς πολλῆς ἔτι θεραπείας δεομένους·

[¶43] 46. What sort of feelings, gentlemen, do you think are theirs towards this man, or what kind of vote would they give, if it rested with them, when by his act they have been deprived of their best comforts? You recollect, again, how the walls were demolished, the ships surrendered to the enemy, the arsenals destroyed, our Acropolis occupied by the Lacedaemonians, and the whole strength of the city crippled, so that our city was sunk to a level with the smallest in the world!

> Greek: 46. οὕς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ποίαν τινὰ οἴεσθε γνώμην περὶ τούτου ἔχειν, ἢ ποίαν τινὰ ἂν ψῆφον θέσθαι, εἰ ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις γένοιτο, ἀποστερηθέντας διὰ τοῦτον τῶν ἡδίστων; ἔτι δὲ τὰ τείχη ὡς κατεσκάφη καὶ αἱ νῆες τοῖς πολεμίοις παρεδόθησαν καὶ ⟨τὰ⟩ νεώρια καθῃρέθη καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ἡμῶν εἶχον καὶ ἡ δύναμις ἅπασα τῆς πόλεως παρελύθη, ὥστε μηδὲν διαφέρειν τῆς ἐλαχίστης πόλεως τὴν πόλιν.

[¶44] 47. And besides all this, you lost your private possessions and finally, at one swoop, you were all expelled by the Thirty from your native land. Impressed with these perils, those loyal citizens, gentlemen, refused their assent to the conditions of peace, and you, Agoratus, because they sought to do the State some service, brought about their death by laying information that they were intriguing against our democracy; and you are responsible for all the troubles that have befallen the city.

> Greek: 47. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὰς ἰδίας ⟨οὐσίας⟩ ἀπωλέσατε, καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον συλλήβδην ἅπαντες ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος ἐξηλάθητε. ταῦτα ἐκεῖνοι οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἄνδρες αἰσθόμενοι οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψειν τὴν εἰρήνην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ποιήσασθαι·

[¶45] 48. So now let each of you remember the misfortunes caused both to individuals and to the common weal of the city, and take vengeance on their author. I am wondering myself, gentlemen, what he will be bold enough to say to you in his defence. For he must show that he did not lay information against these men, and so is not responsible for their death; but this he could never contrive to show.

> Greek: 48. οὓς σύ, Ἀγόρατε, βουλομένους ἀγαθόν τι πρᾶξαι τῇ πόλει ἀπέκτεινας, μηνύσας αὐτοὺς [τῇ πόλει] ἐπιβουλεύειν τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ, καὶ αἴτιος εἶ ἁπάντων τῇ πόλει τῶν κακῶν τῶν γεγενημένων. νῦν οὖν μνησθέντες καὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἕκαστος δυστυχημάτων καὶ τῶν κοινῶν τῆς πόλεως τιμωρεῖσθε τὸν αἴτιον τούτων. θαυμάζω δʼ ἔγωγε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅ τί ποτε τολμήσει πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀπολογεῖσθαι· δεῖ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἀποδεῖξαι ὡς οὐ κατεμήνυσε τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων οὐδʼ αἴτιος αὐτοῖς ἐστι τοῦ θανάτου, ὃ οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο οὐδέποτε ἀποδεῖξαι.

[¶46] 50. In the first place, we have as witnesses against him the decrees issued by the Council, and that of the people, stating expressly—“in regard to those whom Agoratus has denounced.” In the second place, the judgement passed on him when he was acquitted under the Thirty says expressly— “in as much as his report has been approved as true.” Read them, please.

> Greek: 50. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ τὰ ψηφίσματα αὐτοῦ τὰ ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ ⟨τὸ⟩ τοῦ δήμου καταμαρτυρεῖ, διαρρήδην ἀγορεύοντα περὶ ὧν Ἀγόρατος κατείρηκεν. ἔπειτα ἡ κρίσις, ἣν ἐκρίθη ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα καὶ ἀφείθη, διαρρήδην λέγει, διότι φησίν ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι. καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι.

[¶47] 51. Decrees.
Decision Well then, that he did not make the deposition, he can find no means of showing; he must therefore prove that he was justified in giving that information, because he saw them criminally working against the interest of your people. But he will not attempt to show this either, I believe. For, I presume, if it had been the people of Athens on whom they had inflicted some injury, the Thirty would never, in fear of the people’s rule being subverted, have put them to death to vindicate the cause of the people; no, I conceive they would have done very much the opposite.

> Greek: 51. Ψηφίσματα. Γνῶσις. [Γραφαί] ὡς μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἀπέγραψεν, οὐδενὶ τρόπῳ δύναιτʼ ἂν ἀποδεῖξαι· δεῖ τοίνυν αὐτὸν ὡς δικαίως ἐμήνυσε ταῦτα ἀποφαίνειν, ὁρῶν αὐτοὺς πονηρὰ καὶ οὐκ ἐπιτήδεια τῷ δήμῳ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ πράττοντας. οἴομαι δʼ οὐδʼ ἂν τοῦτο αὐτὸν ἐπιχειρῆσαι ἀποδεικνύναι. οὐ γὰρ δήπου, εἴ τι κακὸν τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων εἰργάσαντο, οἱ τριάκοντα, δεδιότες μὴ καταλυθείη ἂν ὁ δῆμος, τιμωροῦντες ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου ἂν αὐτοὺς ἀπέκτειναν, ἀλλʼ οἶμαι πολὺ τοὐναντίον τούτου.

[¶48] 52. But perhaps he will say that he committed all these wrongful acts against his will. My own opinion, gentlemen, is that, however much against his will a man may have done you a wrong so great that it cannot be exceeded, this is no reason why you should not protect yourselves. And then, there are some further facts that you must remember: it was open to this man Agoratus, before he was brought up at the Council, and while he was seated at the altar in Munichia, to escape in safety; for vessels had been provided, and his sureties were ready to depart with him.

> Greek: 52. ἀλλʼ ἴσως φήσει ἄκων τοσαῦτα κακὰ ἐργάσασθαι. ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ οἶμαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐδʼ ἐάν τις ὑμᾶς ὡς μάλιστα ἄκων μεγάλα κακὰ ἐργάσηται, ὧν μὴ οἷόν τε γενέσθαι ἐστὶν ὑπερβολήν, οὐ τούτου ἕνεκα οὐ δεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀμύνεσθαι. εἶτα δὲ καὶ ἐκείνων μέμνησθε, ὅτι ἐξῆν Ἀγοράτῳ τουτῳί, πρὶν εἰς τὴν βουλὴν κομισθῆναι· καὶ γὰρ πλοῖα παρεσκεύαστο Μουνιχίασι, σωθῆναι· καὶ γὰρ πλοῖα παρεσκεύαστο καὶ ⟨οἱ⟩ ἐγγυηταὶ ἕτοιμοι ἦσαν συναπιέναι.

## 2. Sections 53–97

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/2/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/lysias-against-agoratus/2/#p-N

[¶0] 53. And indeed, sir, had you taken their advice and consented to sail away with your friends, neither willingly nor unwillingly would you have taken the lives of so many Athenians. But the fact is that, seduced by certain persons who then made it worth your while, you had only to mention the names of the generals and commanders, and you could count on obtaining a handsome reward from them. So I see no reason there for your receiving any indulgence from us, since those men received none either from you, when you took their lives.

> Greek: 53. καίτοι εἰ ἐκείνοις ἐπίθου καὶ ἠθέλησας ἐκπλεῦσαι μετʼ ἐκείνων, οὔτʼ ἂν ἑκὼν οὔτε ἄκων τοσούτους Ἀθηναίων ἀπέκτεινας· νῦν δὲ πεισθεὶς ὑφʼ ὧν τότε ἐπείσθης, εἰ τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ τῶν ταξιάρχων τὰ ὀνόματα μόνον εἴποις, μέγα τι ᾤου παρʼ αὐτῶν διαπράξεσθαι. οὔκουν τούτου ἕνεκα δεῖ σε παρʼ ἡμῶν συγγνώμης τινὸς τυχεῖν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνοι παρὰ σοῦ οὐδεμιᾶς ἔτυχον, οὓς σὺ ἀπέκτεινας.

[¶1] 54. And Hippias of Thasos, and Xenophon of Curium, who were summoned by the Council on the same charge as this man, were put to death,—the one, Xenophon, after suffering on the rack, the other, Hippias, in the manner …; because in the eyes of the Thirty they did not deserve to be saved,—they had not destroyed one Athenian! But Agoratus was let off, because in their eyes he had done what was most agreeable to them.

> Greek: 54. καὶ Ἱππίας μὲν ὁ Θάσιος καὶ Ξενοφῶν ὁ Κουριεύς, οἳ ἐπὶ τῇ αὐτῇ αἰτία τούτῳ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς μετεπέμφθησαν, οὗτοι μὲν ἀπέθανον, ὁ μὲν στρεβλωθείς, Ξενοφῶν, ὁ δὲ Ἱππίας οὕτω …, διότι οὐκ ἄξιοι ἐδόκουν τοῖς τριάκοντα σωτηρίας εἶναι (οὐδένα γὰρ Ἀθηναίων ἀπώλλυσαν)· Ἀγόρατος δὲ ἀφείθη, διότι ἐδόκει ἐκείνοις τὰ ἥδιστα πεποιηκέναι.

[¶2] 55. I am told that he attributes these depositions in part to Menestratus. But the affair of Menestratus was like this: Menestratus was informed against by Agoratus, and was arrested and put in prison. Hagnodorus of Amphitrope, a fellow townsman of Menestratus, was a kinsman of Critias, one of the Thirty. Well, when the Assembly was being held in the theater at Munichia, this man, with the double aim of saving the life of Menestratus and of causing, by means of depositions, the destruction of as many people as possible, brought him before the people, when they contrived to give him impunity under the following decree.

> Greek: 55. ἀκούω δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ εἰς Μενέστρατον ἀναφέρειν τι περὶ τῶν ἀπογραφῶν τούτων. τὸ δὲ τοῦ Μενεστράτου πρᾶγμα τοιοῦτον ἐγένετο. ὁ Μενέστρατος οὗτος ἀπεγράφη ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀγοράτου καὶ συλληφθεὶς ἐδέδετο· Ἁγνόδωρος δʼ ἦν Ἀμφιτροπαιεύς, δημότης τοῦ Μενεστράτου, Κριτίου κηδεστὴς τοῦ τῶν τριάκοντα. οὗτος οὖν, ὅτε ἡ ἐκκλησία Μουνιχίασιν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ ἐγίγνετο, ἅμα μὲν βουλόμενος τὸν Μενέστρατον σωθῆναι, ἅμα δὲ ὡς πλείστους ἀπογραφέντας ἀπολέσθαι, παράγει αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν δῆμον, καὶ εὑρίσκονται αὐτῷ κατὰ τὸ ψήφισμα τουτὶ ἄδειαν.

[¶3] 56. Decree As soon as this decree had been passed, Menestratus turned informer, and added some more names of citizens to those already deposed. The Thirty, of course, let him off as they did Agoratus here, accepting his report as true: but you long afterwards had him before you in court as an actual murderer, and justly condemned him to death; you handed him over to the executioner, and he suffered death on the plank.

> Greek: 56. Ψήφισμα ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγένετο, μηνύει ὁ Μενέστρατος καὶ προσαπογράφει ἑτέρους τῶν πολιτῶν. τοῦτον μέντοι οἱ μὲν τριάκοντα ἀφεῖσαν ὥσπερ Ἀγόρατον τουτονί, δόξαντα τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι, ὑμεῖς δὲ πολλῷ χρόνω ὕστερον λαβόντες ἐν δικαστηρίῳ ὡς ἀνδροφόνον ὄντα, θάνατον δικαίως καταψηφισάμενοι τῷ δημίῳ παρέδοτε καὶ ἀπετυμπανίσθη.

[¶4] 57. Yet, if that man was put to death, surely Agoratus will be put to death with justice; for since he deposed against Menestratus he is responsible for his death, while, as to those who were deposed against by Menestratus, who is more responsible than the man who placed him under the necessity of such a step?

> Greek: 57. καίτοι εἰ ἐκεῖνος ἀπέθανεν, ἦ που Ἀγόρατός γε δικαίως ἀποθανεῖται, ὅς γε τόν τε Μενέστρατον ἀπογράψας αἴτιος ἐκείνῳ ἐστὶ τοῦ θανάτου, καὶ τοῖς ὑπὸ Μενεστράτου ἀπογραφεῖσι τίς αἰτιώτερος ἢ ὁ εἰς τοιαύτην ἀνάγκην ἐκεῖνον καταστήσας;

[¶5] 58. And his behavior was, I consider, quite unlike that of Aristophanes of Cholleis, who went surety for him at that time, provided the vessels at Munichia, and was ready to accompany him on the voyage. Thus, so far as it lay with him, you were saved, and then you would neither have destroyed any Athenian nor have brought your own self into such serious dangers.

> Greek: 58. ἀνόμοιος δέ μοι δοκεῖ Ἀριστοφάνει γενέσθαι τῷ Χολλείδῃ, ὃς ἐγγυητὴς τότε τούτου ἐγένετο καὶ τὰ πλοῖα παρασκευάσας Μουνιχίασιν ἕτοιμος ἦν συνεκπλεῖν μετὰ τούτου. καὶ τό γε ἐπʼ ἐκεῖνον εἶναι ἐσώθης, καὶ οὔτʼ ἂν Ἀθηναίων οὐδένα ἀπώλεσας οὔτʼ ἂν αὐτὸς σὺ εἰς τοιούτους κινδύνους κατέστης·

[¶6] 59. But no: you not only had the face to depose against your own deliverer, but by making your deposition you sent both him and your other sureties to their death. Some, indeed, desired that Aristophanes should be put to the torture, as one who was not of pure Athenian stock, and they prevailed on the people to pass the following decree.

> Greek: 59. νῦν δὲ καὶ τὸν σωτῆρα τὸν σαυτοῦ ἐτόλμησας ἀπογράψαι, καὶ ἀπογράψας ⟨ἀπέκτεινας⟩ καὶ ἐκεῖνον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐγγυητάς. τοῦτον μέντοι ὡς οὐ καθαρῶς Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα ἐβούλοντό τινες βασανισθῆναι, καὶ τουτὶ τὸ ψήφισμα τὸν δῆμον ἀναπείθουσι ψηφίζεσθαι.

[¶7] 60. Decree Well, after that the persons who then had control of affairs came to Aristophanes and appealed to him to save himself by a denunciation, and not to run the risk of the extreme penalty by standing his trial on the count of alien birth. But he said—“Never!” Such was his loyalty both to the men who had been imprisoned and to the Athenian people that he chose to suffer death rather than denounce and destroy anyone unjustly.

> Greek: 60. Ψήφισμα μετὰ τοῦτο τοίνυν προσιόντες τῷ Ἀριστοφάνει οἱ πράττοντες τότε τὰ πράγματα ἐδέοντο αὐτοῦ κατειπεῖν καὶ σῴζεσθαι, καὶ μὴ κινδυνεύειν ἀγωνισάμενον τῆς ξενίας τὰ ἔσχατα παθεῖν. ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη οὐδέποτε· οὕτω χρηστὸς ἦν καὶ περὶ τοὺς δεδεμένους καὶ περὶ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων, ὥστε εἵλετο μᾶλλον ἀποθανεῖν ἢ κατειπεῖν καὶ ἀδίκως τινὰς ἀπολέσαι.

[¶8] 61. So this was the character shown by that man, even when you were bringing him to destruction; and you, when you knew nothing against those persons, but had been seduced with the promise to you of a share in the government then being established if they should be destroyed, made your deposition and sent to their death a large number of good Athenians.

> Greek: 61. ἐκεῖνος μὲν τοίνυν καὶ ὑπὸ σοῦ ἀπολλύμενος τοιουτοσὶ ἐγένετο [καὶ Ξενοφῶν ὁ στρεβλωθεὶς καὶ Ἱππίας ὁ Θάσιος]. σὺ δʼ οὐδὲν τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐκείνοις συνειδώς, πεισθεὶς δὲ ὡς σύ γε, ἐὰν ἐκεῖνοι ἀπόλωνται, μεθέξεις τῆς τότε πολιτείας καθισταμένης, ἀπέγραψας καὶ ἀπέκτεινας Ἀθηναίων πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθούς.

[¶9] 62. But I wish now, gentlemen of the jury, to represent to you the character of the men of whom Agoratus has bereft you. Had they been merely a few, one might mention them to you separately; but, as it is, I must cover them all in one brief account. Some had served you several times as generals, and then had handed on the city with added greatness to their successors in authority;

> Greek: 62. βούλομαι δʼ ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐπιδεῖξαι οἵων ἀνδρῶν ὑπʼ Ἀγοράτου ἀπεστέρησθε. εἰ μὲν οὖν οὐ πολλοὶ ἦσαν, καθʼ ἕκαστον ἂν περὶ αὐτῶν ἠκούετε, νῦν δὲ συλλήβδην περὶ πάντων. οἱ μὲν γὰρ στρατηγήσαντες ὑμῖν πολλάκις μείζω τὴν πόλιν τοῖς διαδεχομένοις στρατηγοῖς παρεδίδοσαν·

[¶10] 63. some had held other high offices, and had borne the expense of many naval equipments: never before had they met with any disgraceful censure from you. Some of them survived, by having got away in safety; though this man sent them to their death none the less, and they were condemned to die: but fortune and providence delivered them. They fled the city, instead of being arrested and awaiting their trial; they have returned from the exile of Phyle, and are honored by you as worthy men.

> Greek: 63. οἱ δʼ ἑτέρας μεγάλας ἀρχὰς ἄρξαντες καὶ τριηραρχίας πολλὰς τριηραρχήσαντες οὐδεπώποτε ὑφʼ ὑμῶν οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν αἰσχρὰν ἔσχον. οἱ δʼ αὐτῶν περιγενόμενοι καὶ σωθέντες, οὓς οὗτος μὲν ἀπέκτεινεν ὁμοίως καὶ θάνατος αὐτῶν κατεγνώσθη, ἡ δὲ τύχη καὶ ὁ δαίμων περιεποίησε, φυγόντες [γὰρ] ἐνθένδε καὶ οὐ συλληφθέντες οὐδὲ ὑπομείναντες μείναντες τὴν κρίσιν, κατελθόντες ἀπὸ Φυλῆς τιμῶνται ὑφʼ ὑμῶν ὡς ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ ὄντες.

[¶11] 64. Such, you see, was the character of these men whom Agoratus either did to death or sent into exile from the city. And who, then, is he? You must know that he is a slave born and bred, so that you may know what manner of man it was that grossly maltreated you. For the defendant’s father was Eumares, and this Eumares was the property of Nicocles and Anticles. Come forward, please, witnesses.

> Greek: 64. τούτους μέντοι τοιούτους ὄντας Ἀγόρατος τοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ φυγάδας ἐντεῦθεν ἐποίησε, τίς ὢν αὐτός; δεῖ γὰρ ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι ὅτι δοῦλος καὶ ἐκ δούλων ἐστίν, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε οἷος ὢν ὑμᾶς ἐλυμαίνετο. τουτῳὶ μὲν γὰρ πατὴρ ἦν Εὐμάρης, ἐγένετο δὲ ὁ Εὐμάρης οὗτος Νικοκλέους καὶ Ἀντικλέους. καί μοι ἀνάβητε μάρτυρες.

[¶12] 65. Witnesses Now Agoratus, gentlemen, had three brothers. One of them, the eldest, was caught in Sicily making traitorous signals to the enemy, and by Lamachus’s order he was executed on the plank. The second abducted a slave from our city to Corinth, and was taken in the act of abducting a girl from a household there: he was cast into prison and put to death.

> Greek: 65. Μάρτυρες ἦσαν τοίνυν οὗτοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τέτταρες ἀδελφοί. τούτων εἷς μὲν ὁ πρεσβύτατος ἐν Σικελία παραφρυκτωρευόμενος τοῖς πολεμίοις ληφθεὶς ὑπὸ Λαμάχου ἀπετυμπανίσθη· ὁ δὲ ἕτερος εἰς Κόρινθον μὲν ἐντευθενὶ ἀνδράποδον ἐξήγαγεν, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ παιδίσκην αὖθις ἐξάγων ἁλίσκεται, καὶ ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ δεδεμένος ἀπέθανε· τὸν δὲ τρίτον Φαινιππίδης ἐνθάδε λωποδύτην ἀπήγαγε, καὶ ὑμεῖς κρίναντες αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ καὶ καταγνόντες αὐτοῦ θάνατον ἀποτυμπανίσαι παρέδοτε.

[¶13] 66. The third was arrested here by Phaenippides as a clothes stealer, and you tried him in your court: you condemned him to death, and consigned him to execution on the plank. The truth of my statements will, I think, be admitted even by this man himself, and we shall produce witnesses to support them. Witnesses Now, to tell of all the other injuries and infamies, gentlemen, which have been the practice of this man and his brothers would be a lengthy task. As to his trade of slander in all the private suits that he brought, or in the various impeachments and depositions that he made, there is no need for me to speak in detail. To sum the whole, you all in the Assembly, and likewise in the law-court, convicted him of venal slander and made him pay a fine of ten thousand drachmae;

> Greek: 66. ὡς δὲ ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ αὐτὸν οἶμαι ὁμολογήσειν τοῦτον καὶ μάρτυρας παρεξόμεθα. Μάρτυρες τἆλλα τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅσα κακὰ καὶ αἰσχρὰ καὶ τούτῳ καὶ τοῖς τούτου ἀδελφοῖς ἐπιτετήδευται, πολὺ ἂν εἴη ἔργον λέγειν. περὶ δὲ συκοφαντίας, ὅσας οὗτος ἢ δίκας ἰδίας συκοφαντῶν ἐδικάζετο ἢ γραφὰς ὅσας ἐγράφετο ἢ ἀπογραφὰς ἀπέγραφεν, οὐδὲν με δεῖ καθʼ ἕκαστον λέγειν· συλλήβδην γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἅπαντες καὶ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ συκοφαντίας αὐτοῦ κατέγνωτε καὶ ὦφλεν ὑμῖν μυρίας δραχμάς, ὥστε τοῦτο μὲν ἱκανῶς ὑπὸ ὑμῶν ἁπάντων μεμαρτύρηται.

[¶14] 68. so that this point has been sufficiently attested by your whole body. Then again, he attempted, with a character like that, to debauch and defile free-born wives of our citizens, and was taken in adultery; and for that the penalty is death. Call witnesses to the truth of my words.

> Greek: 68. γυναῖκας τοίνυν τῶν πολιτῶν τοιοῦτος ὢν μοιχεύειν καὶ διαφθείρειν ἐλευθέρας ἐπεχείρησε, καὶ ἐλήφθη μοιχός· καὶ τούτου θάνατος ἡ ζημία ἐστίν. ὡς δὲ ἀληθῆ λέγω, μάρτυρας κάλει.

[¶15] 69. Witnesses Then is it not clearly a duty upon you all to convict this man? For if each of the brothers was thought deserving of death for a single offence, surely the man who, both publicly against the city and privately against each of you, has committed many offences, for each of which the penalty under our laws is death, must by all means be condemned to death by you.

> Greek: 69. Μάρτυρες πῶς οὖν οὐχ ἅπασι προσήκει ὑμῖν τούτου καταψηφίζεσθαι; εἰ γὰρ τούτων ἕκαστος διʼ ἓν ἁμάρτημα θανάτου ἠξιώθη, ἦ που τοῦ γε πολλὰ ἐξημαρτηκότος καὶ δημοσίᾳ εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἰδίᾳ εἰς ἕκαστον ὑμῶν, ὧν ἑκάστου ἁμαρτήματος ἐν τοῖς νόμοις θάνατος ἡ ζημία ἐστί, δεῖ ὑμᾶς σφόδρα θάνατον αὐτοῦ καταψηφίσασθαι.

[¶16] 70. He will say, gentlemen, attempting to deceive you, that in the time of the Four Hundred he killed Phrynichus, and in reward for this, he asserts, the people made him an Athenian citizen. But he lies, gentlemen. For neither did he kill Phrynichus, nor did the people make him an Athenian citizen.

> Greek: 70. λέξει δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἐξαπατῆσαι ὑμᾶς πειράσεται, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν τετρακοσίων Φρύνιχον ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ ἀντὶ τούτου φησιν αὐτὸν Ἀθηναῖον τὸν δῆμον ποιήσασθαι, ψευδόμενος, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί· οὔτε γὰρ Φρύνιχον ἀπέκτεινεν οὔτε Ἀθηναῖον αὐτὸν ὁ δῆμος ἐποιήσατο.

[¶17] 71. It was Thrasybulus of Calydon and Apollodorus of Megara, gentlemen, who combined in a plot against Phrynichus: they lighted on him as he was out walking, and Thrasybulus struck Phrynichus, knocking him down with the blow; but Apollodorus did not touch him. Meanwhile an outcry arose, and they ran off and disappeared. But Agoratus here was neither invited to join them nor was present at the deed, nor does he know anything of the matter. The truth of my statement will be shown you by the decree itself.

> Greek: 71. Φρυνίχῳ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, κοινῇ Θρασύβουλός τε ὁ Καλυδώνιος καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Μεγαρεὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐπετυχέτην αὐτῷ βαδίζοντι, ὁ μὲν Θρασύβουλος τύπτει τὸν Φρύνιχον καὶ καταβάλλει πατάξας, ὁ δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος οὐχ ἥψατο· ἀλλʼ ἐν τούτῳ κραυγὴ γίγνεται καὶ ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες. Ἀγόρατος δὲ οὑτοσὶ οὔτε παρεκλήθη οὔτε παρεγένετο οὔτε οἶδε τοῦ πράγματος οὐδέν. ὡς δὲ ἀληθῆ λέγω, αὐτὸ ὑμῖν τὸ ψήφισμα δηλώσει.

[¶18] 72. Decree That he did not kill Phrynichus is clear from the decree itself: for nowhere do we find “that Agoratus be an Athenian,” as in the case of Thrasybulus. If, however, he had killed Phrynichus, he ought to appear as having been made an Athenian in the inscription on the same tablet as Thrasybulus does; though some do contrive, by bribing the proposer, to have their own names added to the tablet as “benefactors.” The truth of my words will be proved by this decree.

> Greek: 72. Ψήφισμα ὅτι μὲν οὐκ ἀπέκτεινε Φρύνιχον, ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ψηφίσματος δῆλον· οὐδαμοῦ γάρ ἐστιν Ἀγόρατον Ἀθηναῖον εἶναι ὥσπερ Θρασύβουλον [καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρον]. καίτοι εἴπερ ἀπέκτεινε Φρύνιχον, ἔδει αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ στήλῃ, ἵνα περ Θρασύβουλον [καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρον], Ἀθηναῖον πεποιημένον ⟨ἐγγεγράφθαι⟩· τὰ μέντοι ὀνόματα διαπράττονται σφῶν αὐτῶν, δόντες ἀργύριον τῷ ῥήτορι, προσγραφῆναι εἰς τὴν στήλην ὡς εὐεργέτας ὄντας. καὶ ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω, τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐλέγξει.

[¶19] 73. Decree But yet, this man had so much contempt for you that although he was not an Athenian he took his seat in the law-court, and in the Assembly, and made impeachments of every conceivable kind, giving in his name with the addition—“of Anagyra.” And besides, I have further good evidence against his having killed Phrynichus,—an act for which he claims to have been made an Athenian: this Phrynichus established the Four Hundred; after his death, most of the Four Hundred fled.

> Greek: 73. Ψήφισμα οὕτω μέντοι οὑτοσὶ πολὺ ὑμῶν κατεφρόνει, ὥστε οὐκ ὢν Ἀθηναῖος καὶ ἐδίκαζε καὶ ἠκκλησίαζε καὶ γραφὰς τὰς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἐγράφετο, ἐπιγραφόμενος Ἀναγυράσιος, εἶναι. ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἕτερον μέγα τεκμήριον ὡς οὐκ [ἂν] ἀπέκτεινε Φρύνιχον, διʼ ὃ Ἀθηναῖός φησι γεγενῆσθαι. ὁ Φρύνιχος γὰρ οὗτος τοὺς τετρακοσίους κατέστησεν· ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἐκεῖνος ἀπέθανεν, οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν τετρακοσίων ἔφυγον.

[¶20] 74. Do you then believe that the Thirty and the Council in session at that time, who were themselves all members of the Four Hundred who had fled, would have let off the slayer of Phrynichus when they had hold of him, instead of taking vengeance on him for Phrynichus and the exile they had suffered?

> Greek: 74. πότερον οὖν δοκοῦσιν ὑμῖν οἱ τριάκοντα καὶ ἡ βουλὴ ἡ τότε βουλεύουσα, οἳ αὐτοὶ ἦσαν ἅπαντες τῶν τετρακοσίων τῶν φυγόντων, ἀφεῖναι ἂν λαβόντες τὸν Φρύνιχον ἀποκτείναντα, ἢ τιμωρήσασθαι ὑπὲρ Φρυνίχου καὶ τῆς φυγῆς ἧς αὐτοὶ ἔφυγον;

[¶21] 75. In my opinion, they would have taken vengeance on him. Now, if he is pretending, as I assert, to be the slayer of Phrynichus when he is not, he is guilty there; while if you, sir, dispute this, and declare that you did kill Phrynichus, it is evident that you must have done yet greater injuries to the Athenian people so as to redeem, in the eyes of the Thirty, the blame for Phrynichus’s death. For you will never persuade anyone at all that after killing Phrynichus you would have been let off by the Thirty, unless you had inflicted great and irremediable injuries upon the Athenian people.

> Greek: 75. ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι τιμωρεῖσθαι ἄν. εἰ μὲν οὖν μὴ ἀποκτείνας προσποιεῖται, ὡς ἐγώ φημι, ἀδικεῖ· εἰ δὲ ἀμφισβητεῖς καὶ φῂς Φρύνιχον ἀποκτεῖναι, δῆλον ὅτι μείζω τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων κακὰ ποιήσας τὴν ὑπὲρ Φρυνίχου αἰτίαν πρὸς τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀπελύσω· οὐδέποτε γὰρ πείσεις οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων ὡς Φρύνιχον ἀποκτείνας ἀφείθης ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα, εἰ μὴ μεγάλα τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἀνήκεστα κακὰ εἰργάσω.

[¶22] 76. Hence, if he asserts that he killed Phrynichus, remember my words and take vengeance on this man for what he has done: if he disclaims it, ask him on what grounds he alleges that he was made an Athenian. If he fails to prove it, punish him for making use of his assumed title of Athenian to sit in both law-court and Assembly, and to bring slanderous charges against so many persons.

> Greek: 76. ἐὰν μὲν οὖν φάσκῃ Φρύνιχον ἀποκτεῖναι, τούτων μέμνησθε καὶ τοῦτον τιμωρεῖσθε ἀνθʼ ὧν ἐποίησεν· ἐὰν δʼ οὐ φάσκῃ, ἔρεσθε αὐτὸν διʼ ὅ τι φησὶν Ἀθηναῖος ποιηθῆναι. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ ἀποδεῖξαι, τιμωρεῖσθε αὐτὸν ὅτι καὶ ἐδίκαζε καὶ ἠκκλησίαζε καὶ ἐσυκοφάντει πολλοὺς ὡς Ἀθηναῖος τοὔνομα ἐπιγραφόμενος.

[¶23] 77. I am told that he is concocting for his defence the plea that he went off to Phyle, and was in the party that returned from Phyle, and that this is the mainstay of his case. But the facts were as I shall relate. This man did go to Phyle; yet, could there be an example of more abject vileness? For he knew that at Phyle there were some of those who had been banished by him, and he had the face to approach them!

> Greek: 77. ἀκούω δὲ αὐτὸν παρασκευάζεσθαι ἀπολογεῖσθαι, ὡς ἐπὶ Φυλήν τε ᾤχετο καὶ συγκατῆλφεν ἀπὸ Φυλῆς, καὶ τοῦτο μέγιστον ἀγώνισμα εἶναι. ἐγένετο δὲ τοιοῦτον· ἦλθεν οὗτος ἐπὶ Φυλήν· καίτοι πῶς ἂν γένοιτο ἄνθρωπος μιαρώτερος; ὅστις εἰδὼς ὅτι εἰσί τινες ἐπὶ Φυλῇ τῶν ὑπὸ τούτου ἐκπεπτωκότων ἐτόλμησεν ἐλθεῖν ὡς τούτους. ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶδον αὐτὸν τάχιστα, συλλαβόντες ἄγουσιν ἄντικρυς ὡς ἀποκτενοῦντες, οὗπερ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπέσφαττον, εἴ τινα λῃστὴν ἢ κακοῦργον συλλάβοιεν.

[¶24] 78. As soon as they saw him they laid hold of him and dragged him straight away to be killed in the place where they executed ordinary pirates or robbers that fell into their hands. Anytus, who was the general, said that they ought not to do that, on the ground that they were not yet in a position to punish certain of their enemies: at that moment they should rather keep quiet. If ever they returned home, they would then proceed to punish the guilty.

> Greek: 78. στρατηγῶν δὲ Ἄνυτος [ἐπὶ Φυλὴν] οὐκ ἔφη χρῆναι ποιεῖν αὐτοὺς ταῦτα, λέγων ὅτι ⟨οὔπω⟩ οὕτω διακέοιντο, ὥστε τιμωρεῖσθαί τινας τῶν ἐχθρῶν, ἀλλὰ νῦν μὲν δεῖν αὐτοὺς ἡσυχίαν ἔχειν. εἰ δέ ποτε οἴκαδε κατέλθοιεν, τότε καὶ τιμωρήσοιντο τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας.

[¶25] 79. By that speech he was the cause of this man’s escape at Phyle: it was necessary to obey a man in the position of general, if they were to preserve themselves. Nay, further, you will find no one who has shared either this man’s table or his tent, nor did the commander assign him a place in his tribe; to all he was a polluted person with whom they would not talk. Please call the commander.

> Greek: 79. ταῦτα λέγων αἴτιος ἐγένετο τοῦ ἀποφυγεῖν τοῦτον ἐπὶ Φυλῇ· ἀνάγκη δὲ ἦν στρατηγοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀκροᾶσθαι, εἴπερ ἔμελλον σωθήσεσθαι. ἀλλʼ ἕτερον· οὔτε γὰρ συσσιτήσας τούτῳ οὐδεὶς φανήσεται οὔτε σύσκηνος γενόμενος οὔτε ⟨ὁ⟩ ταξίαρχος εἰς τὴν φυλὴν κατατάξας, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἀλιτηρίῳ οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων αὐτῷ διελέγετο. καί μοι κάλει τὸν ταξίαρχον.

[¶26] 80. Evidence When they had reached their mutual agreement, and the Peiraeus party made their procession to the citadel, they were led by Aesimus; but there too this man showed similar audacity. For he followed along under arms, joining in the procession with the heavy-armed men to the city.

> Greek: 80. Μάρτυρες ἐπειδὴ δὲ ⟨αἱ⟩ διαλλαγαὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐγένοντο καὶ ἔπεμψαν οἱ [πολῖται] ἐκ Πειραιῶς τὴν πομπὴν εἰς πόλιν, ἡγεῖτο μὲν Αἴσιμος [τῶν πολιτῶν], οὗτος δὲ οὕτω τολμηρὸς καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐγένετο· συνηκολούθει γὰρ λαβὼν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ συνέπεμπε τὴν πομπὴν μετὰ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ.

[¶27] 81. But when they were close to the gates, and grounded arms before entering the city, Aesimus perceived him and went up to him, seized his shield, and flung it away, with the order—“Be off, crows’ meat! A murderer like you must not join in the procession to Athene.” This was the way in which he was driven off by Aesimus; and I will produce witnesses to the truth of my statement.

> Greek: 81. ἐπειδὴ δὲ πρὸς ταῖς πύλαις ἦσαν καὶ ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα, πρὶν εἰσιέναι εἰς τὸ ἄστυ, ὁ μὲν Αἴσιμος αἰσθάνεται καὶ προσελθὼν τήν τε ἀσπίδα αὐτοῦ λαβὼν ἔρριψε, καὶ ἀπιέναι ἐκέλευσεν ἐς κόρακας [ἐκ τῶν πολιτῶν.] οὐ γὰρ ἔφη δεῖν ἀνδροφόνον αὐτὸν ὄντα συμπέμπειν τὴν πομπὴν τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ. τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ ὑπὸ Αἰσίμου ἀπηλάθη. ὡς δʼ ἀληθῆ λέγω, μάρτυρας παρέξομαι.

[¶28] 82. Witnesses These were the real relations, gentlemen, that he had with the heavy-armed troops, both at Phyle and in the Peiraeus. Nobody would speak to him, as a known murderer, and Anytus was the cause of his escape from death. If, therefore, he makes use of his journey to Phyle as a plea in his defence, you must retort with the question whether Anytus was the cause of his escape from death when they were ready to do justice upon him, and whether Aesimus flung away his shield and forbade him to join in the procession.

> Greek: 82. Μάρτυρες τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἐπὶ Φυλῇ καὶ ἐν Πειραιεῖ πρὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτας διέκειτο· οὐδεὶς γὰρ αὐτῷ διελέγετο ὡς ἀνδροφόνῳ ὄντι, τοῦ τε μὴ ἀποθανεῖν Ἄνυτος ἐγένετο αὐτῷ αἴτιος. ἐὰν οὖν τῇ ἐπὶ Φυλὴν ὁδῷ ἀπολογίᾳ χρῆται, ὑπολαμβάνειν χρὴ εἰ Ἄνυτος αὐτῷ ἐγένετο αἴτιος μὴ ἀποθανεῖν ἑτοίμων ὄντων τιμωρεῖσθαι, καὶ ἔρριψεν αὐτοῦ Αἴσιμος τὴν ἀσπίδα καὶ οὐκ εἴα [μετὰ τῶν πολιτῶν] συμπέμπειν τὴν πομπήν, [καὶ εἴ τις αὐτὸν ταξίαρχος εἰς τάξιν τινὰ κατέταξε].

[¶29] 83. You must not accept that plea from him, nor this one either, if he should urge it,—that we are exacting the penalty a long time after the offence. For I do not think there is any statute of limitations for such crimes as his: my opinion rather is that, whether brought to his account immediately or after some time, this man must prove that he has not done the things that form the subject of the charge.

> Greek: 83. μήτε οὖν ταῦτα αὐτοῦ ἀποδέχεσθε, μήτʼ ἐὰν λέγῃ ὅτι πολλῷ χρόνῳ ὕστερον τιμωρούμεθα. οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι οὐδεμίαν τῶν τοιούτων ἀδικημάτων προθεσμίαν εἶναι, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι, εἴτʼ εὐθὺς εἴτε χρόνῳ τις τιμωρεῖται, τοῦτον δεῖν ἀποδεικνύναι ὡς οὐ πεποίηκε περὶ ὧν ἐστιν ἡ αἰτία.

[¶30] 84. Let him therefore satisfy us, either that he did not cause the death of those men, or that he did so with justice because they were doing a mischief to the Athenian people. But if we are late in punishing where we ought to have punished long ago, he is a gainer by the time in which he lived illicitly, while those men have none the less suffered death by his act.

> Greek: 84. οὗτος τοίνυν τοῦτο ἀποφαινέτω, ἢ ὡς οὐκ ἀπέκτεινεν ἐκείνους ἢ ὡς δικαίως, κακόν τι ποιοῦντας τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων. εἰ δὲ πάλαι δέον τιμωρεῖσθαι ὕστερον ἡμεῖς τιμωρούμεθα, τὸν χρόνον κερδαίνει ὃν ἔζη οὐ προσῆκον αὐτῷ, οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες ὑπὸ τούτου οὐδὲν ἧττον τεθνήκασιν.

[¶31] 85. I am told that he also takes his stand on the plea that the words “in the act” appear in the warrant for arrest; but this, I consider, is utter imbecility. So, without the addition of the words “in the act,” he would be liable to the arrest; but just because the words have been added, he thinks he can extricate himself! This simply amounts, it would seem, to an admission that he has killed, but has not been taken in the act; and to insist on that is to imply that, if he was not taken in the act, but did the killing, he ought therefore to escape.

> Greek: 85. ἀκούω δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ ⟨τούτῳ⟩ διισχυρίζεσθαι, ὅτι ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ τῇ ἀπαγωγῇ ἐπιγέγραπται, ὃ πάντων ἐγὼ οἶμαι εὐηθέστατον· ὡς εἰ μὲν τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ μὴ προσεγέγραπτο, ἔνοχος ⟨ἂν⟩ ὢν τῇ ἀπαγωγῇ· διότι δὲ τοῦτο προσγέγραπται, [ἔνοχος ὢν] ῥᾳστώνην τινὰ οἴεται αὑτῷ εἶναι. τοῦτο δὲ οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἔοικεν ἢ ὁμολογεῖν ἀποκτεῖναι, μὴ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ δέ, καὶ περὶ τούτου διισχυρίζεσθαι, ὥσπερ, εἰ μὴ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ μέν, ἀπέκτεινε δέ, τούτου ἕνεκα δέον αὐτὸν σῴζεσθαι.

[¶32] 86. But, in my view, the Eleven who authorized this arrest, without a thought of supporting Agoratus’s plea,—on which he was even then insisting,—were quite correct in compelling Dionysius, who sought the warrant for arrest, to add the words “in the act”: surely that must be so, in dealing with a man who, first before five hundred, and then again before the whole body of the Athenians, made depositions whereby he took the lives of some of them, and thus was responsible for their death.

> Greek: 86. δοκοῦσι δʼ ἔμοιγε οἱ ἕνδεκα οἱ παραδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπαγωγὴν ταύτην, ⟨οὐκ⟩ οἰόμενοι Ἀγοράτῳ συμπράττειν καὶ τότε διισχυριζομένῳ, σφόδρα ὀρθῶς ποιῆσαι Διονύσιον τὴν ἀπαγωγὴν ἀπάγοντʼ ἀναγκάζοντες τό γε προσγράψασθαι ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ· ἢ πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴη ⟨ὃς⟩ πρῶτον μὲν ἐναντίον πεντακοσίων ⟨ἐν τῇ βουλῇ⟩, εἶτα πάλιν ἐναντίον Ἀθηναίων ἁπάντων [ἐν τῷ δήμῳ] ἀπογράψας τινὰς ἀποκτείνειε καὶ αἴτιος γένοιτο τοῦ θανάτου;

[¶33] 87. For you cannot of course suppose that “in the act” only applies to a man felled with the stroke of a club or a dagger; since, by your argument, nobody will be found to have actually killed the men against whom you deposed. For no one either struck them or assassinated them, but your deposition had the effect of compelling them to die. Then is not the author of their death a person caught “in the act”? Now, who can be that author but you, who made the depositions? So clearly you, who killed them, have been caught in the act.

> Greek: 87. οὐ γὰρ δήπου τοῦτο μόνον οἴει τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ, ἐάν τις ξύλῳ ἢ μαχαίρᾳ πατάξας καταβάλῃ, ἐπεὶ ἔκ γε τοῦ σοῦ λόγου οὐδεὶς φανήσεται ἀποκτείνας τοὺς ἄνδρας οὓς σὺ ἀπέγραψας· οὔτε γὰρ ἐπάταξεν αὐτοὺς οὐδεὶς οὔτʼ ἀπέσφαξεν, ἀλλʼ ἀναγκασθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς σῆς ἀπογραφῆς ἀπέθανον. οὐκ οὖν ⟨ὁ⟩ αἴτιος τοῦ θανάτου, οὗτος ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ ἐστί; τίς οὖν ἄλλος αἴτιος ἢ σὺ ἀπογράψας; ὥστε πῶς οὐκ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ σὺ εἶ ὁ ἀποκτείνας;

[¶34] 88. I understand that he intends to refer to the oaths and agreements, and will tell us that his prosecution is a violation of the oaths and agreements that we of the Peiraeus contracted with the party of the town. Well, if he takes his stand on these, he practically admits that he is a murderer: at least, he makes an objection of oaths, or agreements, or lapse of time, or the words “in the act”; but in itself the case affords him no confidence of success in his trial.

> Greek: 88. πυνθάνομαι δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ περὶ τῶν ὅρκων καὶ περὶ τῶν συνθηκῶν μέλλειν λέγειν, ὡς παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς συνθήκας ἀγωνίζεται ἃς συνεθέμεθα πρὸς τοὺς ἐν ἄστει οἱ ἐν [τῷ] Πειραιεῖ. σχεδὸν μὲν οὖν τούτοις ἰσχυριζόμενος ὁμολογεῖ ἀνδροφόνος εἶναι· ἐμποδὼν γοῦν ἢ ὅρκους ἢ συνθήκας ἢ χρόνον ἢ ⟨τὸ⟩ ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ [τι] ποιεῖται, αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ πράγματι οὔ τι πιστεύει καλῶς ἀγωνιεῖσθαι.

[¶35] 89. Your duty, gentlemen of the jury, is to reject these arguments: you must bid him direct his defence to these questions—Did he make no depositions? Are those men not dead? Besides, I consider that the oaths and agreements in no way affect our position regarding this man. For the oaths have been taken between the parties of the town and of the Peiraeus.

> Greek: 89. ὑμῖν δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐ προσήκει περὶ τούτων ἀποδέχεσθαι· ἀλλʼ ὡς οὐκ ἀπέγραψεν οὐδὲ οἱ ἄνδρες τεθνᾶσι, περὶ τούτων κελεύετε αὐτὸν ἀπολογεῖσθαι. ἔπειτα τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς συνθήκας οὐδὲν ἡγοῦμαι προσήκειν ἡμῖν πρὸς τοῦτον. οἱ γὰρ ὅρκοι τοῖς ἐν ἄστει πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Πειραιεῖ γεγένηνται.

[¶36] 90. If indeed, he was in the town while we were in the Peiraeus, the agreements would have been something for him to count upon; but the truth is that he was in the Peiraeus, like me and Dionysius and all these persons who are for punishing the man, so that we are faced with no objection there. For there was no oath taken between the men of the Peiraeus and the men of the Peiraeus.

> Greek: 90. εἰ μὲν οὖν οὗτος μὲν ἐν ἄστει ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐν Πειραιεῖ ἦμεν, εἶχον ⟨ἄν⟩ τινα λόγον αὐτῷ αἱ συνθῆκαι· νῦν δὲ καὶ οὗτος ἐν Πειραιεῖ ἦν καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ Διονύσιος καὶ οὗτοι ἅπαντες οἱ τοῦτον τιμωρούμενοι, ὥστε οὔκ εἰσιν ἡμῖν ἐμποδὼν ⟨οὐδέν⟩· οὐδένα γὰρ ὅρκον οἱ ἐν Πειραιεῖ τοῖς ἐν Πειραιεῖ ὤμοσαν.

[¶37] 91. In every view, I consider, he deserves more deaths than one; for the same man who says that the people have made him one of them is found to have injured the people whom he himself calls his father, by treacherously sapping the resources that they had for advancing their greatness and strength. Therefore, just as much as the man who struck his own natural father and denied him all necessaries of life, he who robbed his adoptive father of the means that he possessed is certainly, on this one score, as provided by the law of such maltreatment, deserving of the penalty of death.

> Greek: 91. ἐκ παντὸς δὲ τρόπου ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ οὐχ ἑνὸς θανάτου ἄξιος εἶναι, ὅστις φησὶ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου ⟨πεποιῆσθαι⟩, τὸν δὲ δῆμον, ὃν αὐτός φησι πατέρα αὑτοῦ εἶναι, φαίνεται κακώσας, καθυφεὶς καὶ προδοὺς ἐξ ὧν ἐκεῖνος μείζων καὶ ἰσχυρότερος ἐγίγνετο. ὅστις οὖν τόν τε γόνῳ πατέρα τὸν αὑτοῦ ἔτυπτε καὶ οὐδὲν παρεῖχε τῶν ἐπιτηδείων, τόν τε ποιητὸν πατέρα ἀφείλετο ἃ ἦν ὑπάρχοντα ἐκείνῳ ἀγαθά, πῶς οὐ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κατὰ τὸν τῆς κακώσεως νόμον ἄξιός ἐστι θανάτῳ ζημιωθῆναι;

[¶38] 92. It is the duty of you all, gentlemen, as it is of each one of us, to avenge those men. For it was their dying injunction both to us and to all their friends, that we should avenge them on this man Agoratus as their murderer, and do him, in a word, all the injury of which each of us is capable. Now, if they have manifestly done some good service to the city or your democracy, as you yourselves acknowledge, it must follow that you all are friends and intimates of theirs, so that they enjoined this on each of you no less than on us. Hence it would be impious as well as illegal for you to absolve this man Agoratus.

> Greek: 92. προσήκει δʼ ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἅπασι τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὁμοίως ὥσπερ ἡμῶν ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ. ἀποθνῄσκοντες γὰρ [ὑμῖν] ἐπέσκηψαν καὶ ἡμῖν καὶ τοῖς φίλοις ἅπασι τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ σφῶν αὐτῶν Ἀγόρατον τουτονὶ ὡς φονέα ὄντα, καὶ κακῶς ποιεῖν καθʼ ὅσον ἂν ἔμβραχυ ἕκαστος δύνηται. εἰ τοίνυν τι ἐκεῖνοι ἀγαθὸν τὴν πόλιν ἢ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ὑμέτερον φανεροί εἰσι πεποιηκότες, ὃ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς ὁμολογεῖτε, ἀνάγκη ὑμᾶς ἐστι πάντας ἐκείνοις φίλους καὶ ἐπιτηδείους εἶναι, ὥστε οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἡμῖν ἢ καὶ ὑμῶν ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ ἐπέσκηψαν.

[¶39] 93. And now it is for you, men of Athens, today,—since at that moment when they were to die you were unable to come to their aid because of the embarrassments of your situation,—today, when you are able, to punish their murderer. And take heed, men of Athens, lest you commit the most abominable act of all. For if you acquit this man Agoratus, your action does not stop there, but by that same vote you condemn to death those men whom you acknowledge as your supporters.

> Greek: 93. οὔκουν οὔτε ὅσιον οὔτε νόμιμον ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἀνεῖναι Ἀγόρατον τουτονί. ὑμεῖς τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, νυνὶ δή, ἐπεὶ ἐν τῷ τότε χρόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ ἐκεῖνοι ἀπέθνῃσκον, οὐχ οἷοί τε ἦστε ἐπαρκέσαι διὰ τὰ πράγματα τὰ περιεστηκότα, νυνί, ἐν ᾧ δύνασθε, τιμωρήσατε τὸν ἐκείνων φονέα. ἐνθυμεῖσθε δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὅπως μὴ πάντων ἔργον σχετλιώτατον ἐργάσησθε. εἰ γὰρ ἀποψηφιεῖσθε Ἀγοράτου τουτουί, οὐ μόνον τοῦτο διαπράττεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οὓς ὁμολογεῖτε ὑμῖν εὔνους εἶναι, τῇ αὐτῇ ψήφῳ ταύτῃ θάνατον καταψηφίζεσθε·

[¶40] 94. By releasing the author of their death you simply decide that they have been justly put to death by him. And thus the most awful of all fates would be theirs, if those whom they charged to avenge them as their friends should support with their votes the motion of the Thirty against those men.

> Greek: 94. ἀπολύοντες γὰρ τὸν αἴτιον ὄντα ἐκείνοις τοῦ θανάτου οὐδὲν ἄλλο γιγνώσκετε ἢ ἐκείνους δικαίως ὑπὸ τούτου τεθνηκέναι. καὶ οὕτως ἂν δεινότατα πάντων πάθοιεν, εἰ οἷς ἐπέσκηπτον ἐκεῖνοι ὡς φίλοις οὖσι τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν, οὗτοι ὁμόψηφοι κατʼ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν τοῖς τριάκοντα γενήσονται.

[¶41] 95. In the name of the Olympian gods, gentlemen of the jury, let neither art nor craft induce you to condemn those men to death who precisely for their many good services to you were put to death by the Thirty and by Agoratus here. Remember all the horrors, both those that smote the State as a whole and those that each of us felt in private, when those men lost their lives, and punish the author of them all. It has been made plain to you, alike from the decrees, the depositions and all the rest, that Agoratus is the author of their death.

> Greek: 95. μηδαμῶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πρὸς θεῶν Ὀλυμπίων, μήτε τέχνῃ μήτε μηχανῇ μηδεμιᾷ θάνατον ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν καταψηφίσησθε, οἳ πολλὰ κἀγαθὰ ὑμᾶς ποιήσαντες διὰ ταῦτα ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα καὶ Ἀγοράτου τουτουὶ ἀπέθανον. ἀναμνησθέντες οὖν ἁπάντων τῶν δεινῶν, καὶ τῶν κοινῶν τῇ πόλει καὶ τῶν ἰδίων, ὅσα ἑκάστῳ ἐγένετο ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνοι οἱ ἄνδρες ἐτελεύτησαν, τιμωρήσατε τὸν αἴτιον τούτων. ἀποδέδεικται δʼ ὑμῖν [ἅπαντα] καὶ ἐκ τῶν ψηφισμάτων καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀπογραφῶν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων Ἀγόρατος ὢν αὐτοῖς τοῦ θανάτου.

[¶42] 96. Furthermore, it behoves you to vote in opposition to the Thirty: you must therefore acquit the men whom they condemned to death; and you must convict those whom they did not so condemn. Now, the Thirty condemned to death these men, who were your friends, and these you ought to acquit. Agoratus they acquitted, because he was found zealous for their destruction: him you ought to convict.

> Greek: 96. ἔτι δὲ καὶ προσήκει ὑμῖν ἐναντία τοῖς τριάκοντα ψηφίζεσθαι· ὧν μὲν τοίνυν ἐκεῖνοι θάνατον κατέγνωσαν, ὑμεῖς ἀποψηφίσασθε· ὧν δʼ ἐκεῖνοι θάνατον οὐ κατέγνωσαν, ὑμεῖς καταψηφίσασθε. οἱ τριάκοντα τοίνυν τῶν μὲν ἀνδρῶν τούτων, οἳ ἦσαν ὑμέτεροι φίλοι, θάνατον κατέγνωσαν, ὧν δεῖ ὑμᾶς ἀποψηφίζεσθαι· Ἀγοράτου δὲ ἀπεψηφίσαντο, διότι ἐδόκει προθύμως τούτους ἀπολλύναι· οὗ προσήκει καταψηφίζεσθαι.

[¶43] 97. If therefore, you vote in opposition to the Thirty, first of all, you are not supporting your enemies with your votes; next, you will have avenged your own friends; and last, you will he held by all the world to have given a just and a pious vote.

> Greek: 97. ἐὰν οὖν τὰ ἐναντία τοῖς τριάκοντα ψηφίζησθε, πρῶτον μὲν οὐχ ὁμόψηφοι ⟨τοῖς ἐχθροῖς⟩ γίγνεσθε, ἔπειτα τοῖς ὑμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοις τετιμωρηκότες ἔσεσθε, ἔπειτα τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις δόξετε δίκαια καὶ ὅσια ψηφίσασθαι.