1. I do not believe, gentlemen of the jury, that you desire to hear any excuse for the action of those who have resolved to accuse Alcibiades: for from the outset he has shown himself so unworthy of the citizenship that it is the duty of anyone, even in the absence of a personal wrong suffered at his hands, to regard him none the less as an enemy because of the general tenor of his life.
1. ἡγοῦμαι μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐδεμίαν ὑμᾶς ποθεῖν ἀκοῦσαι πρόφασιν παρὰ τῶν βουλομένων Ἀλκιβιάδου κατηγορεῖν· τοιοῦτον γὰρ πολίτην ἑαυτὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς παρέσχεν, ὥστε καὶ εἰ μή τις ἰδίᾳ ἀδικούμενος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τυγχάνει, οὐδὲν ἧττον προσήκει ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἐχθρὸν αὐτὸν ἡγεῖσθαι.
2. His offences are not slight or entitled to indulgence, nor do they offer a hope of his reform in the future: they have been committed in such a manner, and have carried villainy to such lengths, that even his enemies feel ashamed for some of the things on which he prides himself. Yet I, gentlemen, since our fathers were previously at feud, and since my long-standing sense of his rascally character has now been increased by maltreatment at his hands, will try with your aid to make him pay the penalty for all that he has done.
2. οὐ γὰρ μικρὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα οὐδὲ συγγνώμης ἄξια, οὐδʼ ἐλπίδα παρέχοντα ὡς ἔσται τοῦ λοιποῦ βελτίων, ἀλλʼ οὕτω πεπραγμένα καὶ εἰς τοσοῦτον κακίας ἀφιγμένα, ὥστʼ ἐπʼ ἐνίοις ὧν οὗτος φιλοτιμεῖται ⟨καὶ⟩ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αἰσχύνεσθαι. ἐγὼ μέντοι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ πρότερον πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῖν διαφορᾶς ὑπαρχούσης, καὶ πάλαι τοῦτον πονηρὸν ἡγούμενος, καὶ νῦν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πεπονθὼς κακῶς, πειράσομαι ὑπὲρ πάντων τῶν πεπραγμένων μεθʼ ὑμῶν αὐτὸν τιμωρήσασθαι.
3. The main indictment has been sufficiently delivered by Archestratides; for he has exhibited the laws and produced witnesses to everything. But on certain points that he has omitted I will give you particular information.
3. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν ἄλλων Ἀρχεστρατίδης ἱκανῶς κατηγόρησε· καὶ γὰρ τοὺς νόμους ἐπέδειξε καὶ μάρτυρας πάντων παρέσχετο· ὅσα δʼ οὗτος παραλέλοιπεν, ἐγὼ καθʼ ἕκαστον ὑμᾶς διδάξω. [ἀνάγνωθι δέ μοι τὸν νόμον.]
4. Now it is reasonable, gentlemen of the jury, that men who are now trying such a case for the first time since we settled the peace should act not merely as jurors, but in fact as law-makers. For you know well that your decision upon these cases will determine the attitude of the city towards them for all time. And it is the duty, in my opinion, alike of a loyal citizen and of a just juror to put such constructions on the laws as are likely to be of benefit to the city in the future.
4. [Νόμος] εἰκὸς τοίνυν ἐστίν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐξ οὗ τὴν εἰρήνην ἐποιησάμεθα, πρῶτον περὶ τούτων νυνὶ δικάζοντας μὴ μόνον δικαστὰς ἀλλὰ καὶ νομοθέτας αὐτοὺς γενέσθαι, εὖ εἰδότας ὅτι, ὅπως ἂν ὑμεῖς νυνὶ περὶ αὐτῶν γνῶτε, οὕτω καὶ τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον ἡ πόλις αὐτοῖς χρήσεται. δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ πολίτου χρηστοῦ καὶ δικαστοῦ δικαίου ἔργον εἶναι ταύτῃ τοὺς νόμους διαλαμβάνειν, ὅπῃ εἰς τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον μέλλει συνοίσειν τῇ πόλει.
5. For some are bold enough to assert that nobody can be chargeable with desertion or cowardice, since no battle has taken place; that the law merely provides for a court-martial on anyone who, from cowardice, has deserted the ranks and retreated while the rest were fighting. But the provisions of the law apply not only to such a case, but also to that of anyone who fails to appear in the infantry lines. Please read the law.
5. τολμῶσι γάρ τινες λέγειν ὡς οὐδεὶς ἔνοχός ἐστι λιποταξίου οὐδὲ δειλίας· μάχην γὰρ οὐδεμίαν γεγονέναι, τὸν δὲ νόμον κελεύειν, ἐάν τις λίπῃ τὴν τάξιν εἰς τοὐπίσω δειλίας ἕνεκα, μαχομένων τῶν ἄλλων, περὶ τούτου τοὺς στρατιώτας δικάζειν. ὁ δὲ νόμος οὐ περὶ τούτων κελεύει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁπόσοι ἂν μὴ παρῶσιν ἐν τῇ πεζῇ στρατιᾷ. ἀνάγνωθί μοι τὸν νόμον.
6. Law You hear, gentlemen, how it covers both alike,—those who retreat to the rear during battle, and those who do not appear in the infantry lines. And consider who they are that are bound to appear. Are they not all persons who have reached the proper age? Are they not those whom the generals have enrolled?
6. Νόμος ἀκούετε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι περὶ ἀμφοτέρων κεῖται, καὶ ὅσοι ἂν μάχης οὔσης εἰς τοὐπίσω ἀναχωρήσωσι, καὶ ὅσοι ἂν ἐν τῇ πεζῇ στρατιᾷ μὴ παρῶσι. σκέψασθε δὲ τίνες εἰσὶν οὓς δεῖ παρεῖναι. οὐχ οἵτινες ἂν τὴν ἡλικίαν ταύτην ἔχωσιν; οὐχ οὓς ἂν οἱ στρατηγοὶ καταλέξωσιν; ἡγοῦμαι δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅλῳ τῷ νόμῳ μόνον αὐτὸν τῶν πολιτῶν ἔνοχον εἶναι·
7. I believe, gentlemen, that he is the one citizen who is liable to the full scope of the law: for he would with justice be convicted of refusing duty, because after being enrolled as a foot-soldier he did not march out with you; of desertion, because he alone of the whole force did not present himself for the formation of the ranks; and of cowardice, because, when it was his duty to share the danger with the infantry, he chose to serve in the cavalry.
7. ἀστρατείας μὲν γὰρ δικαίως ἂν αὐτὸν ἁλῶναι, ὅτι καταλεγεὶς ὁπλίτης οὐκ ἐξῆθε μεθʼ ὑμῶν, ⟨λιποταξίου δέ, ὅτι ἐν τῷ⟩ στρατοπέδῳ μόνος οὐ παρέσχε μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἑαυτὸν τάξαι, δειλίας δέ, ὅτι δεῖν αὐτὸν μετὰ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν κινδυνεύειν ἱππεύειν εἵλετο.
8. They say, indeed, that he will resort to the defence that, since he was in the cavalry, he was doing no wrong to the State. But in my opinion you would find just cause for indignation against him in the fact that, although the law provides that anyone who serves in the cavalry without having passed his scrutiny shall be disfranchised, he had the audacity to serve in the cavalry without having passed his scrutiny. Now, please, read the law.
8. καίτοι φασὶν αὐτὸν ταύτην τὴν ἀπολογίαν ποιήσεσθαι, ὡς ἐπειδήπερ ἵππευεν, οὐδὲν ἠδίκει τὴν πόλιν. ἐγὼ δʼ ἡγοῦμαι διὰ τοῦθʼ ὑμᾶς δικαίως ἂν αὐτῷ ὀργίζεσθαι, ὅτι τοῦ νόμου κελεύοντος, ἐάν τις ἀδοκίμαστος ἱππεύῃ, ἄτιμον εἶναι, ἐτόλμησεν ἀδοκίμαστος ἱππεύειν. καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι τὸν νόμον.
9. Law This man, then, carried roguery to such a length, and was so contemptuous of you and so timorous of the enemy, so desirous of serving in the cavalry and so heedless of our laws, that he recked nought of the risks involved, and preferred the prospect of being disfranchised, having his property confiscated and being liable to all the statutory penalties, to that of taking his place with the citizens and serving as an infantryman.
9. Νόμος οὗτος τοίνυν εἰς τοῦτʼ ἦλθε πονηρίας, καὶ οὕτως ὑμῶν κατεφρόνησε καὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἔδεισε καὶ ἱππεύειν ἐπεθύμησε καὶ τῶν νόμων οὐκ ἐφρόντισεν, ὥστε οὐδὲν αὐτῷ τούτων τῶν κινδύνων ἐμέλησεν, ἀλλʼ ἐβουλήθη καὶ ἄτιμος εἶναι καὶ τὰ χρήματʼ αὐτοῦ δημευθῆναι καὶ πάσαις ταῖς κειμέναις ζημίαις ἔνοχος γενέσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ μετὰ τῶν πολιτῶν εἶναι καὶ ὁπλίτης γενέσθαι.
10. There were others who had never before served in the infantry, but had always been cavalrymen and had inflicted many losses on the enemy: yet they did not venture to mount their horses, from fear of you and of the law. For they had shaped their plans on the prospect, not of the city’s destruction, but of its deliverance, its ascendancy and its retaliation upon wrongdoers. But Alcibiades was rash enough to mount, though he is no supporter of the people, nor had seen service in the cavalry before, nor is qualified for it now, nor had passed your scrutiny: he presumed that the city would be without the power to do justice upon wrongdoers.
10. καὶ ἕτεροι μὲν οὐδεπώποτε ὁπλιτεύσαντες, ἱππεύοντες δὲ τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον καὶ πολλὰ κακὰ τοὺς πολεμίους πεποιηκότες, οὐκ ἐτόλμησαν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἀναβῆναι, δεδιότες ὑμᾶς καὶ τὸν νόμον· οὕτω γὰρ ἦσαν παρεσκευασμένοι, οὐχ ὡς ἀπολουμένης τῆς πόλεως, ἀλλʼ ὡς σωθησομένης καὶ μεγάλης ἐσομένης καὶ τιμωρησομένης τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας· Ἀλκιβιάδης δʼ ἐτόλμησεν ἀναβῆναι, βῆναι, οὔτε εὔνους ὢν τῷ πλήθει οὔτε πρότερον ἱππεύσας οὔτε νῦν ἐπιστάμενος οὔτε ὑφʼ ὑμῶν δοκιμασθείς, ὡς οὐκ ἐξεσόμενον τῇ πόλει δίκην παρὰ τῶν ἀδικούντων λαμβάνειν.
11. You must reflect that, if men are to be permitted to do whatever they please, it is useless to have your code of laws, your Assemblies, or your election of generals. And I wonder, gentlemen, at anyone considering it right, when a man has retired, at the approach of the enemy, from his post in the first rank to a place in the second, to convict him of cowardice, and then, if a man has appeared in the cavalry when his post was in the infantry, to grant him a pardon!
11. ἐνθυμηθῆναι δὲ χρὴ ὅτι, εἰ ἐξέσται ὅ τι ἄν τις βούληται ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ὄφελος νόμους κεῖσθαι ἢ ὑμᾶς συλλέγεσθαι ἢ στρατηγοὺς αἱρεῖσθαι. θαυμάζω δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἴ τις ἀξιοῖ, ἐὰν μέν τις προσιόντων τῶν πολεμίων τῆς πρώτης τάξεως τεταγμένος τῆς δευτέρας γένηται, τούτου μὲν δειλίαν καταψηφίζεσθαι, ἐὰν δέ τις ἐν τοῖς ὁπλίταις τεταγμένος ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν ἀναφανῇ, τούτῳ συγγνώμην ἔχειν.
12. And besides, gentlemen, I conceive that your judgement is given, not merely with a view to the offenders, but also for the reformation of all other insubordinate persons. Now, if you punish men who are unknown, not one among the rest will be improved; for nobody will know the sentences that you have passed: but if you inflict the penalty on the most conspicuous offenders, everyone will be apprised, and so the citizens, with this example before them, will be improved.
12. καὶ μὲν δή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἡγοῦμαι δικάζειν ὑμᾶς οὐ μόνον τῶν ἐξαμαρτανόντων ἕνεκα, ἀλλʼ ἵνα καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τῶν ἀκοσμούντων σωφρονεστέρους ποιῆτε. ἐὰν μὲν τοίνυν τοὺς ἀγνῶτας κολάζητε, οὐδεὶς ἔσται τῶν ἄλλων βελτίων· οὐδεὶς γὰρ εἴσεται τὰ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν καταψηφισθέντα· ἐὰν δὲ τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους τῶν ἐξαμαρτανόντων τιμωρῆσθε, πάντες πεύσονται, ὥστε τούτῳ παραδείγματι χρώμενοι βελτίους ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται.
13. Again, if you condemn this man, not only will the people of our city know, but our allies also will take notice and our enemies will be informed; and they will hold our city in much higher regard if they see that you are especially indignant at this kind of offence, and that those who are insubordinate in war obtain no pardon.
13. ἐὰν τοίνυν τούτου καταψηφίσησθε, οὐ μόνον οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει εἴσονται, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ σύμμαχοι αἰσθήσονται καὶ οἱ πολέμιοι πεύσονται, καὶ ἡγήσονται πολὺ πλείονος ἀξίαν εἶναι τὴν πόλιν, ἐὰν ὁρῶσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων μάλισθʼ ὑμᾶς ὀργιζομένους καὶ μηδεμιᾶς συγγνώμης τοὺς ἀκοσμοῦντας ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τυγχάνοντας.
14. And reflect, gentlemen, that some of the soldiers were sick, while others lacked the necessaries of life, and that the former would have been glad to remain for treatment in their cities, and the latter to retire home and attend to their own affairs; others would have liked to serve as light-armed troops, or else to take their risk with the cavalry.
14. ἐνθυμεῖσθε δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι τῶν στρατιωτῶν οἱ μὲν κάμνοντες ἐτύγχανον, οἱ δὲ ἐνδεεῖς ὄντες τῶν ἐπιτηδείων, καὶ ἡδέως ἂν οἱ μὲν ταῖς πόλεσι καταμείναντες ἐθεραπεύοντο, οἱ δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἀπελθόντες τῶν οἰκείων ἐπεμέλοντο, οἱ δὲ ψιλοὶ ἐστρατεύοντο, οἱ δʼ ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν ἐκινδύνευον·
15. But still, you did not venture to desert your ranks or choose what was most agreeable to yourselves, but were far more afraid of the city’s laws than of the danger of meeting the foe. All this you should remember when you give your vote today, and so make evident to all that any Athenians who do not wish to do battle with the enemy will suffer sorely at your hands.
15. ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὐκ ἐτολμᾶτε ἀπολιπεῖν τὰς τάξεις οὐδὲ τἀρεστὰ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς αἱρεῖσθαι ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐφοβεῖσθε τοὺς τῆς πόλεως νόμους ἢ τὸν πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους κίνδυνον. ὧν χρὴ μεμνημένους ὑμᾶς νυνὶ τὴν ψῆφον φέρειν, καὶ πᾶσι φανερὸν ποιεῖν ὅτι Ἀθηναίων οἱ μὴ βουλόμενοι τοῖς πολεμίοις μάχεσθαι ὑφʼ ὑμῶν κακῶς πείσονται.
16. I believe, gentlemen, that on the point of law and on the actual fact they will have nothing to say; but they will stand up here to beg him off and plead with you, claiming that you ought not to convict of such utter cowardice the son of Alcibiades, since that person has been the source of so many benefits,—instead of so much harm! Nay, if you had put that man to death at this man’s age, the first time that you caught him offending against you, the city would have escaped her great disasters.
16. ἡγοῦμαι δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, περὶ μὲν τοῦ νόμου καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πράγματος οὐχ ἕξειν αὐτοὺς ὅ τι λέξουσιν· ἀναβαίνοντες δʼ ὑμᾶς ἐξαιτήσονται καὶ ἀντιβολήσουσιν, οὐκ ἀξιοῦντες τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου ὑέος τοσαύτην δειλίαν καταγνῶναι, ὡς ἐκεῖνον πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ πολλῶν κακῶν αἴτιον γεγενημένον· ὃν εἰ τηλικοῦτον ὄντα ἀπεκτείνατε, ὅτε πρῶτον εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐλάβετε ἐξαμαρτάνοντα, οὐκ ἂν ἐγένοντο συμφοραὶ τοσαῦται τῇ πόλει.
17. And I feel it will be extraordinary, gentlemen, if, after condemning that person himself to death, you acquit on his account the son with guilt upon him,—this son who had not the courage himself to fight in your ranks, and whose father thought fit to march in those of the enemy. When this person, as a child, had not yet shown what kind of man he would be, he came near being handed over to the Eleven on account of his father’s offences; and now that you are acquainted with the roguery which this man has added to his father’s exploits, will you think proper to pity him on his father’s account?
17. δεινὸν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἶναι, εἰ αὐτοῦ μὲν ἐκείνου θάνατον κατέγνωτε, τοῦ δὲ ὑοῦ ἀδικοῦντος διʼ ἐκεῖνον ἀποψηφιεῖσθε, ὃς αὐτὸς μὲν οὐκ ἐτόλμα μεθʼ ὑμῶν μάχεσθαι, ὁ δὲ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἠξίου στρατεύεσθαι. καὶ ὅτε μὲν παῖς ὢν οὔπω δῆλος ἦν ὁποῖός τις ἔσται, διὰ τὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἁμαρτήματα ὀλίγου τοῖς ἕνδεκα παρεδόθη· ἐπειδὴ δὲ πρὸς τοῖς ἐκείνῳ πεπραγμένοις ἐπίστασθε καὶ τὴν τούτου πονηρίαν, διὰ τὸν πατέρα ἐλεεῖν αὐτὸν ἀξιώσετε;
18. Is it not monstrous, gentlemen, that these people should be so fortunate, when taken in transgression, as to come off safe on account of their birth, while we, if we had met with the misfortune as a result of their insubordination, would be unable to retrieve a single man from the enemy even on the plea of your ancestors’ high achievements?
18. οὐκ οὖν δεινόν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τούτους μὲν οὕτως εὐτυχεῖς εἶναι ὥστʼ, ἐπειδὰν ἐξαμαρτάνοντες ληφθῶσι, διὰ τὸ αὑτῶν γένος σῴζεσθαι, ἡμᾶς δέ, εἰ ἐδυστυχήσαμεν διὰ τοὺς οὕτως ἀτακτοῦντας, μηδένα ἂν δύνασθαι παρὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἐξαιτήσασθαι μηδὲ διὰ τὰς τῶν προγόνων ἀρετάς;
19. And yet these have been numerous, important and advantageous to all the Greeks, and utterly unlike the conduct of these men towards the city, gentlemen of the jury. If they are more valued for trying to save their friends, clearly you on your part will be more honored for seeking to punish your enemies.
19. καίτοι πολλαὶ καὶ μεγάλαι καὶ ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων γεγόνασι, καὶ οὐδὲν ὅμοιαι τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτων περὶ τὴν πόλιν πεπραγμένοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. εἰ δʼ ἐκεῖνοι δοκοῦσι βελτίους εἶναι σῴζοντες τοὺς φίλους, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀμείνους δόξετε εἶναι τιμωρούμενοι τοὺς ἐχθρούς.
20. And I expect you, gentlemen, if some of his relatives attempt to beg him off, to be indignant that they were not at pains to entreat him—or, having entreated, were unable to prevail on him—to do what the city enjoined, but are endeavoring to persuade you that you should not punish wrongdoers.
20. ἀξιῶ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐὰν μέν τινες τῶν συγγενῶν αὐτὸν ἐξαιτῶνται, ὀργίζεσθαι ὅτι τούτου μὲν οὐκ ἐπεχείρησαν δεηθῆναι (ἢ δεηθέντες οὐκ ἐδύναντο εὑρέσθαι) ποιεῖν τὰ ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως προσταττόμενα, ὑμᾶς δὲ πείθειν πειρῶνται ὡς οὐ χρὴ παρὰ τῶν ἀδικούντων δίκην λαμβάνειν·
21. If, again, some of the magistrates come to his support, so as to make a display of their own power, and to enjoy the glory of being able to save even obvious offenders, you ought to observe, in the first place, that if everyone had shown the same character as Alcibades there would have been no need of our generals,—for they would have had nobody to lead,—and secondly, that it is much more their duty to accuse deserters from the ranks than to speak in defense of such creatures. For what hope can we have that the others will comply with the orders issued by the generals, when these lend their authority to the attempt to save the insubordinate?
21. ἐὰν δέ τινες τῶν ἀρχόντων βοηθῶσιν αὐτῷ ἐπίδειξιν μὲν τῆς ἑαυτῶν δυνάμεως ποιούμενοι, φιλοτιμούμενοι δὲ ὅτι καὶ τοὺς φανερῶς ἡμαρτηκότας σῴζειν δύνανται, ὑμᾶς [δὲ], χρὴ ὑπολαμβάνειν πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι, εἰ πάντες Ἀλκιβιάδῃ ὅμοιοι ἐγένοντο, οὐδὲν ἂν ἔδει τῶν στρατηγῶν (οὐδὲ γὰρ ⟨ἂν⟩ εἶχον ὅτου ἡγοῦντο), ἔπειθʼ ὅτι πολὺ μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς προσήκει τῶν λιπόντων τὴν τάξιν κατηγορεῖν ἢ ὑπὲρ τῶν τοιούτων ἀπολογεῖσθαι. τίς γὰρ ἔστιν ἐλπὶς τοὺς ἄλλους ἐθελήσειν ποιεῖν τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν στρατηγῶν προσταττόμενα, ὅταν αὐτοὶ οὗτοι τοὺς ἀκοσμοῦντας σῴζειν πειρῶνται;
22. Now my claim is this: if those who speak as intercessors for Alcibiades can prove that he has been on service in the infantry, or was a cavalryman duly approved on scrutiny, he should be acquitted; but if, for want of any justification, they demand a favor for themselves, you should remember that they are teaching you to break your oath and disobey the laws, and that their excessive zeal in the support of wrongdoers will make many people aspire to the same conduct.
22. ἐγὼ τοίνυν ἀξιῶ, ἐὰν μὲν ἀποδείξωσιν οἱ λέγοντες καὶ αἰτούμενοι ὑπὲρ Ἀλκιβιάδου ὡς ἐστρατεύσατο ἐν τοῖς ὁπλίταις ἢ ὡς ἵππευε δεδοκιμασμένος, ἀποψηφίσασθαι· ἐὰν δὲ μηδὲν ἔχοντες δίκαιον κελεύωσιν αὑτοῖς χαρίζεσθαι, μεμνῆσθαι χρὴ ὅτι διδάσκουσιν ὑμᾶς ἐπιορκεῖν καὶ τοῖς νόμοις μὴ πείθεσθαι, καὶ ὅτι λίαν προθύμως τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι βοηθοῦντες πολλοὺς τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων ἐπιθυμεῖν ποιήσουσι.
23. What surprises me most of all, gentlemen, is that any of you can think it right that Alcibiades should be saved on account of his supporters, instead of perishing on account of his villainy. And of that you ought to be told, so that you may understand how unreasonable it would be for you to acquit him on the ground that, though guilty of these offences, in all else he had shown himself a loyal citizen. For the rest of his actions would justify you in condemning him to death.
23. θαυμάζω δὲ μάλιστα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἴ τις ὑμῶν τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἀξιώσει διὰ μὲν τοὺς βοηθοῦντας σῴζεσθαι, διὰ δὲ τὴν αὐτοῦ πονηρίαν μὴ ἀπολέσθαι. ἧς ἄξιον ὑμᾶς ἀκοῦσαι, ἵνʼ ἐπίστησθε ὅτι οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως αὐτοῦ ἀποψηφίζοισθε, ὡς ταῦτα μὲν ἡμαρτηκότος, τὰ δʼ ἄλλα πολίτου χρηστοῦ γεγενημένου· ἐκ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τούτῳ πεπραγμένων δικαίως ἂν αὐτοῦ θάνατον καταψηφίζοισθε.
24. It is your duty to be informed of them; for you allow those speaking in defence to discourse on their own merits and on the services rendered by their ancestors, and therefore it is fair that you should listen also to accusers when they expose the many crimes that the defendants have committed against you, and the many evils that their ancestors have brought about.
24. προσήκει δʼ ὑμῖν περὶ αὐτῶν εἰδέναι· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ καὶ τῶν ἀπολογουμένων ἀποδέχεσθε λεγόντων τὰς σφετέρας αὐτῶν ἀρετὰς καὶ τὰς τῶν προγόνων εὐεργεσίας, εἰκὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ τῶν κατηγόρων ἀκροᾶσθαι, ἐὰν ἀποφαίνωσι τοὺς φεύγοντας πολλὰ εἰς ὑμᾶς ἡμαρτηκότας καὶ τοὺς προγόνους αὐτῶν πολλῶν κακῶν αἰτίους γεγενημένους.
25. When this man was a child, he was seen by a number of people at the house of Archedemus the Blear-eyed, who had embezzled not a little of your property, drinking the while he lay at length under the same cloak; he carried on his revels till daylight, keeping a mistress when he was under age, and imitating his ancestors, in the belief that he would not achieve distinction in his later years unless he could show himself an utter rascal in his youth.
25. οὗτος γὰρ παῖς μὲν ὢν παρʼ Ἀρχεδήμῳ τῷ γλάμωνι, ⟨τῷ⟩ οὐκ ὀλίγα τῶν ὑμετέρων ὑφῃρημένῳ, πολλῶν ὁρώντων ἔπινεν ὑπὸ τῷ αὐτῷ ἱματίῳ κατακείμενος, ἐκώμαζε ⟨δὲ⟩ μεθʼ ἡμέραν, ἄνηβος ἑταίραν ἔχων, μιμούμενος τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ προγόνους, καὶ ἡγούμενος οὐκ ἂν δύνασθαι πρεσβύτερος ὢν λαμπρὸς γενέσθαι, εἰ μὴ νέος ὢν πονηρότατος δόξει εἶναι.
26. He was sent for by Alcibiades, since his outrageous conduct was becoming notorious. And indeed, what ought you to think of the character of the man whose practices were such as to discredit him even in the eyes of the great ringleader in those ways? He conspired with Theotimus against his father, and betrayed Orni to him: but he, when he had gained possession of the stronghold, after abusing him in the flower of youth, ended by imprisoning him and holding him to ransom. But his father felt so deep a hatred of him that he declared that even though he should die he would not recover his bones.
26. μετεπέμφθη δʼ ὑπὸ Ἀλκιβιάδου, ἐπειδὴ φανερῶς ἐξημάρτανε. καίτοι ποῖόν τινα χρὴ αὐτὸν ὑφʼ ὑμῶν νομίζεσθαι εἶναι, ὅστις κἀκείνῳ τοιαῦτʼ ἐπιτηδεύων διεβέβλητο ὃς τοὺς ἄλλους ταῦτʼ ἐδίδασκε; μετὰ Θεοτίμου δὲ ἐπιβουλεύσας τῷ πατρὶ Ὄρνους προὔδωκεν. ὁ δὲ παραλαβὼν τὸ χωρίον πρότερον μὲν ὕβριζεν αὐτὸν ὡραῖον ὄντα, τελευτῶν δὲ δήσας ἀργύριον εἰσεπράττετο.
27. When his father was dead Archebiades, who had become his lover, obtained his release. Not long afterwards, having diced away his fortune, he took ship at White Cliff, and attempted to drown his friends at sea.
27. ὁ δὲ πατὴρ αὐτὸν οὕτως ἐμίσει σφόδρα, ὥστʼ οὐδʼ ⟨ἂν⟩ ἀποθανόντος ἔφασκε τὰ ὀστᾶ κομίσασθαι. τελευτήσαντος δʼ ἐκείνου ἐραστὴς γενόμενος Ἀρχεβιάδης αὐτὸν ἐλύσατο. οὐ πολλῷ δὲ χρόνῳ ὕστερον κατακυβεύσας τὰ ὄντα, ἐκ Λευκῆς ἀκτῆς ὁρμώμενος τοὺς φίλους κατεπόντιζεν.
28. Well, to relate all the offences that he has committed, gentlemen, either against the citizens, or against foreigners, or in his dealings with his own relations or with ordinary people, would be a lengthy affair; but Hipponicus assembled a number of witnesses and put away his wife, stating that this man had been entering his house, not as her brother, but as her husband.
28. ὅσα μὲν οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἢ εἰς τοὺς πολίτας ἢ εἰς τοὺς ξένους ἢ περὶ τοὺς αὑτοῦ οἰκείους ἢ περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἡμάρτηκε, μακρὸν ἂν εἴη λέγειν· Ἱππόνικος δὲ πολλοὺς παρακαλέσας ἐξέπεμψε τὴν αὑτοῦ γυναῖκα, φάσκων τοῦτον οὐχ ὡς ἀδελφὸν αὐτῆς ἀλλʼ ὡς ἄνδρα ἐκείνης εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἰσιέναι τὴν αὑτοῦ.
29. And after committing offences of this sort, and being guilty of such a number of monstrous and grievous crimes, he is heedless alike of the past and of the future; when he ought to have been the most orderly of citizens, so as to excuse by his own life the offences of his father, he attempts to outrage others, as though he might succeed in imparting to his neighbors some tiny share of his own store of infamies, —and that, too, when he is the son of Alcibiades, who induced the Lacedaemoniains to fortify Decelea, who sailed to rouse the islands to revolt, who became a promoter of mischief to our city, and who marched more often in the ranks of the enemy against his native land than those of his fellow-citizens against them!
29. καὶ τοιαῦθʼ ἡμαρτηκότι καὶ οὕτω δεινὰ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πεποιηκότι οὔτε τῶν γεγενημένων αὐτῷ μέλει οὔτε τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι, ἀλλʼ ὃν ἔδει κοσμιώτατον εἶναι τῶν πολιτῶν, ἀπολογίαν ποιούμενον τὸν ἑαυτοῦ βίον τῶν τοῦ πατρὸς ἁμαρτημάτων, οὗτος ἑτέρους ὑβρίζειν πειρᾶται, ὥσπερ δυνάμενος ἂν πολλοστὸν μέρος τῶν ὀνειδῶν τῶν ἑαυτῷ προσηκόντων τοῖς ἄλλοις μεταδοῦναι, καὶ ταῦθʼ ὑὸς ὢν Ἀλκιβιάδου, ὃς ἔπεισε μὲν Δεκέλειαν Λακεδαιμονίους ἐπιτειχίσαι, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰς νήσους ἀποστήσων ἔπλευσε, διδάσκαλος δὲ τῶν τῆς πόλεως κακῶν ἐγένετο, πλεονάκις δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐπὶ τὴν πατρίδα ἐστρατεύσατο ἢ μετὰ τῶν πολιτῶν ἐπʼ ἐκείνους.
30. For those actions it is your duty, as it is also of those who are to come after you, to take vengeance on anyone of this family who falls into your hands.
30. ἀνθʼ ὧν καὶ ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς μέλλουσιν ἔσεσθαι τιμωρεῖσθαι προσήκει ὅντινα λαμβάνετε τούτων.
31. Yet it is a constant habit of his to say that it is unfair, when his father on returning home received gifts from the people, that he should find himself unjustly discredited on account of his father’s exile. But in my opinion it would be monstrous if, after depriving the father of those gifts as having been unjustly bestowed, you should acquit this man, though a wrongdoer, on the ground of good service done to the city by his father.
31. καίτοι σφόδρα εἴθισται λέγειν ὡς οὐκ εἰκός ἐστι τὸν μὲν πατέρα αὐτοῦ κατελθόντα δωρεὰς παρὰ τοῦ δήμου λαβεῖν, τοῦτον δʼ ἀδίκως διὰ τὴν φυγὴν τὴν ἐκείνου διαβεβλῆσθαι. ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ δεινὸν εἶναι, εἰ τὰς μὲν δωρεὰς αὐτοῦ ἀφείλεσθε ὡς οὐ δικαίως δεδωκότες, τούτου δὲ ἀδικοῦντος ἀποψηφιεῖσθε ὡς τοῦ πατρὸς χρηστοῦ περὶ τὴν πόλιν γεγενημένου.
32. And then, gentlemen of the jury, besides other abundant reasons for which he ought to be convicted, there is the fact that he takes your valorous conduct as a precedent to justify his own baseness. For he has the audacity to say that Alcibiades has done nothing outrageous in marching against his native land, since you in your exile occupied Phyle, cut down trees and assaulted the walls, and by these acts of yours, instead of bequeathing disgrace to your children, you won honor in the eyes of all the world; as though there were no difference in the deserts of men who used their exile to march in the ranks of the enemy against their country, and those who strove for their return while the Lacedaemonians held the city!
32. καὶ μὲν δή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἄλλων τε πολλῶν ἄξιον ἕνεκα αὐτοῦ καταψηφίσασθαι, καὶ ὅτι ταῖς ὑμετέραις ἀρεταῖς χρῆται παραδείγμασι περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πονηρίας. τολμᾷ γὰρ λέγειν ὡς Ἀλκιβιάδης οὐδὲν δεινὸν εἴργασται ἐπὶ τὴν πατρίδα στρατεύσας· καὶ γὰρ ὑμᾶς φεύγοντας Φυλὴν καταλαβεῖν καὶ δένδρα τεμεῖν καὶ πρὸς τὰ τείχη προσβαλεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα ποιήσαντας οὐκ ὄνειδος τοῖς παισὶ καταλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ τιμὴν παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις κτήσασθαι, ὡς τῶν αὐτῶν ὄντας ἀξίους ὅσοι φυγόντες μετὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ἐστράτευσαν, καὶ ὅσοι κατῄεσαν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐχόντων τὴν πόλιν.
34. And again, I think it must be obvious to all that these others sought to return that they might surrender the command of the sea to the Lacedaemonians, and gain the command of you for themselves; whereas your democracy, on its return, expelled the enemy and liberated even those of our citizens who desired to be slaves. So that there is no such parallel between the actions of the two parties as he seeks to draw.
34. καὶ μὲν δὴ πᾶσιν ἡγοῦμαι δῆλον εἶναι ὅτι οὗτοι μὲν ἐζήτουν κατιέναι ὡς τὴν μὲν τῆς θαλάττης ἀρχὴν Λακεδαιμονίοις παραδώσοντες, αὐτοὶ δʼ ὑμῶν ἄρξοντες. τὸ δʼ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος κατελθὸν τοὺς μὲν πολεμίους ἐξήλασε, τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους δουλεύειν ἠλευθέρωσεν· ὥστʼ οὐχ ὁμοίων τῶν ἔργων ἀμφοτέροις γεγενημένων τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖται.
35. But despite the many grievous disasters that are upon his head he prides himself on his father’s villainy, and tells us that the man was so mighty that he has been the author of all the troubles that have befallen our city. And yet, what man is there so ignorant of his own country’s affairs that cannot, if he chooses to be a villain, inform the enemy of the positions that ought to be occupied, point out the forts that are ill-guarded, instruct them in the weaknesses of the State, and indicate the allies who desire to secede?
35. ἀλλʼ ὅμως τοσούτων συμφορῶν καὶ οὕτως αὐτῷ μεγάλων ὑπαρχουσῶν ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς πονηρία φιλοτιμεῖται, καὶ λέγει ὡς οὕτως ἐκεῖνος μέγα ἐδύνατο, ὥστε τῇ πόλει πάντων ⟨τῶν⟩ κακῶν αἴτιος γεγένηται. καίτοι τίς οὕτως ἄπειρος τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πατρίδος, ὃς οὐκ ἂν βουλόμενος εἶναι πονηρὸς εἰσηγήσαιτο μὲν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἃ χρὴ καταλαβεῖν τῶν χωρίων, δηλώσειε δʼ ἂν ἃ κακῶς φυλάττεται τῶν φρουρίων, διδάξειε δʼ ἂν ἃ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων, μηνύσειε δʼ ἂν τοὺς βουλομένους ἀφίστασθαι τῶν συμμάχων;
36. For if during his exile it was his power that enabled him to injure the city, how was it that, having obtained his return by deceiving you and being in command of many ships of war, he had not power enough to expel the enemy from our land or to regain for you the friendship of the Chians whom he had alienated, or to do you any other useful service?
36. οὐ γὰρ δήπου, ὅτε μὲν ἔφευγε, διὰ τὴν δύναμιν κακῶς οἷός τʼ ἦν ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσας κατῆλθε καὶ πολλῶν ἦρξε τριήρων, οὔτε τοὺς πολεμίους ἐδύνατο ἐκ τῆς χώρας ἐκβαλεῖν, οὔτε Χίους οὓς ἀπέστησε πάλιν φίλους ποιῆσαι, οὔτε ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν ὑμᾶς ἐργάσασθαι.
37. Thus there is no difficulty in concluding that on the score of power he had no particular advantage, but that in foul play he stood first of his fellows. For he took upon him to indicate to the Lacedaemonians the points in your affairs which he knew to be in a bad way; but, when he had the duty of holding the command, he was powerless to do them any harm. After undertaking that, for his sake, the king would provide us with money, he embezzled more than two hundred talents of our city’s funds.
37. ὥστʼ οὐ χαλεπὸν γνῶναι ὅτι Ἀλκιβιάδης δυνάμει μὲν οὐδὲν τῶν ἄλλων διέφερε, πονηρία δὲ τῶν πολιτῶν πρῶτος ἦν. ἃ μὲν γὰρ ᾔδει τῶν ὑμετέρων κακῶς ἔχοντα, μηνυτὴς αὐτῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐγένετο· ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἔδει αὐτὸν στρατηγεῖν, οὐδὲν κακὸν ποιεῖν ἐκείνους ἐδύνατο, ἀλλʼ ὑποσχόμενος διʼ ἑαυτὸν παρέξειν βασιλέα χρήματα, πλεῖν ἢ διακόσια τάλαντα τῆς πόλεως ὑφείλετο.
38. So sensible was he of his numerous offences against you that, for all his power of speech, his friends, and his acquisition of wealth, he never once ventured to come under an inquiry, but condemned himself to exile, and preferred to become a citizen of Thrace and any sort of city rather than belong to his own native land. Finally, gentlemen, he outdid his former villainy by daring, with Adeimantus, to surrender the ships to Lysander.
38. καὶ οὕτω πολλὰ ἐνόμιζεν εἰς ὑμᾶς ἡμαρτηκέναι, ὥστε λέγειν δυνάμενος καὶ φίλων ὄντων καὶ χρήματα κεκτημένος οὐδέποτʼ ἐλθὼν εὐθύνας ἐτόλμησε δοῦναι, ἀλλὰ φυγὴν αὑτοῦ καταγνοὺς καὶ Θράκης καὶ πάσης πόλεως ἐβούλετο πολίτης γενέσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς πατρίδος εἶναι τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπερβολὴν ποιησάμενος τῆς προτέρας πονηρίας ἐτόλμησε τὰς ναῦς Λυσάνδρῳ μετὰ Ἀδειμάντου προδοῦναι.
39. So, if anyone among you feels pity for those who lost their lives in the sea-fight, or is ashamed for those who were enslaved by the enemy, or resents the destruction of the walls, or hates the Lacedaemonians, or feels anger against the Thirty, he should hold this man’s father responsible for all these things, and reflect that it was Alcibiades, his great-grand-father, and Megacles, his father’s grandfather on the mother’s side, whom your ancestors ostracized, both of them twice, and that the older among you have condemned his father to death. Wherefore you ought now to condemn this man as one whom you have judged to be a hereditary enemy of the city, and to set neither pity nor forgiveness nor any favour above the established laws and the oaths that you have sworn.
39. ὥστε εἴ τις ὑμῶν ἢ τοὺς τεθνεῶτας ἐν ⟨τῇ⟩ ναυμαχίᾳ ἐλεεῖ, ἢ ὑπὲρ τῶν δουλευσάντων τοῖς πολεμίοις αἰσχύνεται, ἢ τῶν τειχῶν καθῃρημένων ἀγανακτεῖ, ἢ Λακεδαιμονίους μισεῖ, ἢ τοῖς τριάκοντα ὀργίζεται, τούτων ἁπάντων χρὴ τὸν τούτου πατέρα αἴτιον ἡγεῖσθαι, καὶ ἐνθυμηθῆναι ὅτι Ἀλκιβιάδην μὲν τὸν πρόπαππον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν πατρὸς πρὸς μητρὸς ⟨πάππον⟩ Μεγακλέα οἱ ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι δὶς ἀμφοτέρους ἐξωστράκισαν, τοῦ δὲ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν θάνατον κατέγνωσαν, ὥστε νῦν χρὴ ἡγησαμένους πατρικὸν ἐχθρὸν τοῦτον εἶναι τῇ πόλει καταψηφίσασθαι, καὶ μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χάριν μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων τῶν κειμένων καὶ τῶν ὅρκων οὓς ὠμόσατε.
41. And you should ask yourselves, gentlemen, what reason you could have for sparing such men as these. Is it because, unfortunate though their public career has been, they are otherwise orderly persons, who have lived sober lives? Have not most of them been prostitutes, while some have lain with their sisters, and others have had children by their daughters;
41. σκέψασθαι δὲ χρή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, διὰ τί ἄν τις τοιούτων ἀνδρῶν φείσαιτο; πότερον ὡς πρὸς μὲν τὴν πόλιν δεδυστυχήκασιν, ἄλλως δὲ κόσμοί εἰσι καὶ σωφρόνως βεβιώκασιν; οὐχ οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ αὐτῶν ἡταιρήκασιν, οἱ δʼ ἀδελφαῖς συγγεγόνασι, τοῖς δʼ ἐκ θυγατέρων παῖδες γεγόνασιν, οἱ δὲ μυστήρια πεποιήκασι καὶ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς περικεκόφασι καὶ περὶ πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς ἠσεβήκασι καὶ εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν ἡμαρτήκασιν, ἀδίκως καὶ παρανόμως καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους πολιτευόμενοι καὶ πρὸς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς διακείμενοι, οὐδεμιᾶς τόλμης ἀπεχόμενοι, οὐδὲ ἔργου δεινοῦ ἄπειροι γεγενημένοι;
42. others, again, have performed Mysteries, mutilated the Hermae, and committed profanity against all the gods and offences against the whole city, showing injustice and illegality alike in their public treatment of their fellow-men and in their behavior to each other, refraining from no audacity, and unversed in no outrageous practice? Indeed, there is nothing that they have been spared, or have spared. For their propensity is to be ashamed of what is honorable, and to glory in what is base. It is true, gentlemen, you have acquitted ere now some persons though you held them guilty, because you supposed that they would be useful to you in the future. Well, what hope is there that the city will derive any benefit from this man, whom you will know for the worthless wretch he is, when he makes his defence, and whose villainy you have learnt from the general tenor of his life?
42. ἀλλὰ καὶ πεπόνθασιν καὶ πεποιήκασιν ἅπαντα. οὕτω γὰρ διάκεινται, ὥστʼ ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς καλοῖς αἰσχύνεσθαι, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς κακοῖς φιλοτιμεῖσθαι. καὶ μὲν δή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἤδη τινῶν ἀπεψηφίσασθε ἀδικεῖν μὲν νομίσαντες, οἰόμενοι δʼ εἰς τὸ λοιπὸν χρησίμους ὑμῖν ἔσεσθαι. τίς οὖν ἐλπὶς ὑπὸ τούτου τι ἀγαθὸν πείσεσθαι τὴν πόλιν, ὃν ὑμεῖς, ὅτι μὲν οὐδενὸς ἄξιός ἐστιν, ἐπειδὰν ἀπολογῆται, εἴσεσθε, ὅτι δὲ πονηρός ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἤσθησθε;
44. But, what is more, even if he left the city he could do you no harm, craven and pauper that he is, with no ability for business, at feud with his own folk and hated by everyone else. So neither is there any reason here to be heedful of him: far rather should you make him serve as an example for all people, and particularly his friends, who refuse to do what is enjoined on them, who aspire to similar conduct, and who, misguided in their own concerns, harangue you upon yours.
44. ἀλλὰ μὲν δὴ οὐδʼ ἂν ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως οὐδὲν δύναιτο κακὸν ὑμᾶς ἐργάσασθαι, δειλὸς ὢν καὶ πένης καὶ πράττειν ἀδύνατος καὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις διάφορος καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων μισούμενος. ὥστʼ οὐδὲ τούτων ἕνεκα αὐτὸν ἄξιον φυλάττεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον παράδειγμα ποιῆσαι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ τοῖς τούτου φίλοις, οἳ τὰ μὲν προσταττόμενα ποιεῖν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι, τοιούτων δʼ ἔργων ἐπιθυμοῦσι, καὶ περὶ τῶν σφετέρων αὐτῶν κακῶς βουλευσάμενοι περὶ τῶν ὑμετέρων δημηγοροῦσιν.
46. Now, I have made my accusation to the best of my ability. I am well aware that the rest of my hearers are wondering how I could have discovered the offences of these men with such precision, yet the accused is deriding me for having told but the smallest fraction of the crimes that lie at their door.
46. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ὡς ἐδυνάμην ἄριστα κατηγόρηκα, ἐπίσταμαι δʼ ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι τῶν ἀκροωμένων θαυμάζουσιν, ὅπως ποθʼ οὕτως ἀκριβῶς ἐδυνήθην ἐξευρεῖν τὰ τούτων ἁμαρτήματα, οὗτος δέ μου καταγελᾷ, ὅτι οὐδὲ πολλοστὸν μέρος εἴρηκα τῶν τούτοις ὑπαρχόντων κακῶν.
47. You have therefore to reckon in with what has been told the tale of what has been omitted, and to be all the more for condemning him; you must reflect that he is liable to the charge preferred, and that it is a great blessing to the State that it should be relieved of this sort of citizen. Read them the laws, the oaths and the charge preferred: bearing these in mind, they will vote what is just. Laws Oaths Charge
47. ὑμεῖς οὖν καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ τὰ παραλελειμμένα ἀναλογισάμενοι πολὺ μᾶλλον αὐτοῦ καταψηφίσασθε, ἐνθυμηθέντες ὅτι ἔνοχος μέν ἐστι τῇ γραφῇ, μεγάλη δʼ εὐτυχία τὸ τοιούτων πολιτῶν ἀπαλλαγῆναι ⟨τῇ⟩ πόλει. ἀνάγνωθι δʼ αὐτοῖς τοὺς νόμους καὶ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὴν γραφήν· καὶ τούτων μεμνημένοι ψηφιοῦνται τὰ δίκαια. Νόμοι Ὅρκοι Γραφή