With Upāli · AN 10.31–10.40

AN 10.31 · With Upāli

AN 10.31 · Upālisutta

Then Venerable Upāli went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“Sir, for how many reasons did the Realized One lay down training rules for his disciples and recite the monastic code?”

“kati nu kho, bhante, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, pātimokkhaṁ uddiṭṭhan”ti?

“Upāli, the Realized One laid down training rules for his disciples and recited the monastic code for ten reasons. What ten? For the well-being of the Saṅgha and for the comfort of the Saṅgha. For keeping difficult individuals in check and for the comfort of good-hearted mendicants. For restraining defilements that affect this life and protecting against defilements that affect lives to come. For inspiring confidence in those without it, and increasing confidence in those who have it. For the continuation of the true teaching and the support of the training. The Realized One laid down training rules for his disciples and recited the monastic code for these ten reasons.”

“Dasa kho, upāli, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, pātimokkhaṁ uddiṭṭhaṁ. Katame dasa? Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya, dummaṅkūnaṁ puggalānaṁ niggahāya, pesalānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ phāsuvihārāya, diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ āsavānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ āsavānaṁ paṭighātāya, appasannānaṁ pasādāya, pasannānaṁ bhiyyobhāvāya, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya— ime kho, upāli, dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, pātimokkhaṁ uddiṭṭhan”ti.

AN 10.32 · Suspending the Recitation of the Monastic Code

AN 10.32 · Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāsutta

“Sir, how many grounds are there to suspend the recitation of the monastic code?”

“Kati nu kho, bhante, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā”ti?

“Upāli, there are ten grounds to suspend the recitation of the monastic code. What ten? A mendicant who has committed an expulsion offense is sitting in the assembly. A discussion about whether someone has committed an expulsion offense is unfinished. Someone who is not fully ordained is sitting in the assembly. A discussion about whether someone is fully ordained or not is unfinished. Someone who has resigned the training is sitting in the assembly. A discussion about whether someone has resigned the training or not is unfinished. A eunuch is sitting in the assembly. A discussion about whether someone is a eunuch is unfinished. A raper of nuns is sitting in the assembly. A discussion about whether or not someone is a raper of nuns is unfinished. These are the ten grounds to suspend the recitation of the monastic code.”

“Dasa kho, upāli, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā. Katame dasa? Pārājiko tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti, anupasampanno tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, anupasampannakathā vippakatā hoti, sikkhaṁ paccakkhātako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, sikkhaṁ paccakkhātakakathā vippakatā hoti, paṇḍako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, paṇḍakakathā vippakatā hoti, bhikkhunidūsako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, bhikkhunidūsakakathā vippakatā hoti— ime kho, upāli, dasa pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā”ti.

AN 10.33 · A Judge

AN 10.33 · Ubbāhikāsutta

“Sir, how many qualities should a mendicant have to be deemed a judge?”

“Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo”ti?

“Upāli, a mendicant should have ten qualities to be deemed a judge. What ten? It’s when a mendicant is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. They’re very learned, remembering and keeping what they’ve learned. These teachings are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased, describing a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. They are very learned in such teachings, remembering them, rehearsing them, mentally scrutinizing them, and penetrating them theoretically. Both monastic codes have been passed down to them in detail, well analyzed, well mastered, well evaluated in both the rules and accompanying material. They’re firm and unfaltering in the training. When there are opposing parties, they’re able to persuade, advocate, and convince them, make them see the other side and trust each other. They’re skilled in the instigation and settlement of disciplinary issues. They know what a disciplinary issue is. They know how a disciplinary issue originates. They know how a disciplinary issue ceases. They know the practical way leading to the cessation of a disciplinary issue. A mendicant should possess these ten qualities to be deemed a judge.”

“Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti; pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṁhīro; paṭibalo hoti ubho atthapaccatthike saññāpetuṁ paññāpetuṁ nijjhāpetuṁ pekkhetuṁ pasādetuṁ; adhikaraṇasamuppādavūpasamakusalo hoti— adhikaraṇaṁ jānāti; adhikaraṇasamudayaṁ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhaṁ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ jānāti. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo”ti.

AN 10.34 · Ordination

AN 10.34 · Upasampadāsutta

“Sir, how many qualities should a mendicant have to give ordination?”

“Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabban”ti?

“Upāli, a mendicant should have ten qualities to give ordination. What ten? It’s when a mendicant is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. They’re very learned, remembering and keeping what they’ve learned. These teachings are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased, describing a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. They are very learned in such teachings, remembering them, rehearsing them, mentally scrutinizing them, and penetrating them theoretically. Both monastic codes have been passed down to them in detail, well analyzed, well mastered, well evaluated in both the rules and accompanying material. They’re able to care for the sick or get someone else to do so. They’re able to settle dissatisfaction or get someone else to do so. They’re able to dispel remorse when it has come up. They’re able to rationally dissuade someone from misconceptions that come up. They’re able to encourage someone in the higher ethics, the higher mind, and the higher wisdom. A mendicant should possess these ten qualities to give ordination.”

“Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṁ. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṁ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṁ hoti suvibhattaṁ suppavattaṁ suvinicchitaṁ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṁ upaṭṭhātuṁ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṁ vūpakāsetuṁ vā vūpakāsāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ kukkuccaṁ dhammato vinodetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ dhammato vivecetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṁ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabban”ti.

AN 10.35 · Dependence

AN 10.35 · Nissayasutta

“Sir, how many qualities should a mendicant have to give dependence?”

“Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo”ti?

“Upāli, a mendicant should have ten qualities to give dependence. What ten? It’s when a mendicant is ethical … They’re learned … Both monastic codes have been passed down to them in detail, well analyzed, well mastered, well evaluated in both the rules and accompanying material. They’re able to care for the sick or get someone else to do so. They’re able to settle dissatisfaction or get someone else to do so. They’re able to dispel remorse when it has come up. They’re able to rationally dissuade someone from misconceptions that come up. They’re able to encourage someone in the higher ethics, the higher mind, and the higher wisdom. A mendicant should possess these ten qualities to give dependence.”

“Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṁ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṁ hoti suvibhattaṁ suppavattaṁ suvinicchitaṁ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṁ upaṭṭhātuṁ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṁ vūpakāsetuṁ vā vūpakāsāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ kukkuccaṁ dhammato vinodetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ dhammato vivecetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle …pe… adhicitte … adhipaññāya samādapetuṁ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo”ti.

AN 10.36 · A Novice

AN 10.36 · Sāmaṇerasutta

“Sir, how many qualities should a mendicant have to be attended on by a novice?”

“Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo”ti?

“Upāli, a mendicant should have ten qualities to be attended on by a novice. What ten? It’s when a mendicant is ethical … They’re learned … Both monastic codes have been passed down to them in detail, well analyzed, well mastered, well evaluated in both the rules and accompanying material. They’re able to care for the sick or get someone else to do so. They’re able to settle dissatisfaction or get someone else to do so. They’re able to dispel remorse when it has come up. They’re able to rationally dissuade someone from misconceptions that come up. They’re able to encourage someone in the higher ethics, the higher mind, and the higher wisdom. A mendicant should possess these ten qualities to be attended on by a novice.”

“Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṁ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṁ hoti suvibhattaṁ suppavattaṁ suvinicchitaṁ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṁ upaṭṭhātuṁ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṁ vūpakāsetuṁ vā vūpakāsāpetuṁ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ kukkuccaṁ dhammato vinodetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ dhammato vivecetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṁ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṁ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo”ti.

AN 10.37 · Schism in the Saṅgha

AN 10.37 · Saṅghabhedasutta

“Sir, they speak of ‘schism in the Saṅgha’. How is schism in the Saṅgha defined?”

“‘Saṅghabhedo, saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī”ti?

“Upāli, it’s when a mendicant explains what is not the teaching as the teaching, and what is the teaching as not the teaching. They explain what is not the training as the training, and what is the training as not the training. They explain what was not spoken and stated by the Realized One as spoken and stated by the Realized One, and what was spoken and stated by the Realized One as not spoken and stated by the Realized One. They explain what was not practiced by the Realized One as practiced by the Realized One, and what was practiced by the Realized One as not practiced by the Realized One. They explain what was not prescribed by the Realized One as prescribed by the Realized One, and what was prescribed by the Realized One as not prescribed by the Realized One. On these ten grounds they split off and go their own way. They perform legal acts autonomously and recite the monastic code autonomously. That is how schism in the Saṅgha is defined.”

“Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṁ avinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṁ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho bhinno hotī”ti.

AN 10.38 · Harmony in the Saṅgha

AN 10.38 · Saṅghasāmaggīsutta

“Sir, they speak of ‘harmony in the Saṅgha’. How is harmony in the Saṅgha defined?”

“‘Saṅghasāmaggī, saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī”ti?

“Upāli, it’s when a mendicant explains what is not the teaching as not the teaching, and what is the teaching as the teaching. They explain what is not the training as not the training, and what is the training as the training. They explain what was not spoken and stated by the Realized One as not spoken and stated by the Realized One, and what was spoken and stated by the Realized One as spoken and stated by the Realized One. They explain what was not practiced by the Realized One as not practiced by the Realized One, and what was practiced by the Realized One as practiced by the Realized One. They explain what was not prescribed by the Realized One as not prescribed by the Realized One, and what was prescribed by the Realized One as prescribed by the Realized One. On these ten grounds they don’t split off and go their own way. They don’t perform legal acts autonomously or recite the monastic code autonomously. That is how harmony in the Saṅgha is defined.”

“Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṁ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho samaggo hotī”ti.

AN 10.39 · With Ānanda (1st)

AN 10.39 · Paṭhamaānandasutta

Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“Sir, they speak of ‘schism in the Saṅgha’. How is schism in the Saṅgha defined?”

“‘saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī”ti?

“Ānanda, it’s when a mendicant explains what is not the teaching as the teaching … and what was prescribed by the Realized One as not prescribed by the Realized One. On these ten grounds they split off and go their own way. They perform legal acts autonomously and recite the monastic code autonomously. That is how schism in the Saṅgha is defined.”

“Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpenti …pe… paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṁ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho bhinno hotī”ti.

“But sir, what does someone who has split a harmonious Saṅgha brim with?”

“Samaggaṁ pana, bhante, saṅghaṁ bhinditvā kiṁ so pasavatī”ti?

“They brim with sin that lasts for an eon.”

“Kappaṭṭhikaṁ, ānanda, kibbisaṁ pasavatī”ti.

“But sir, what is the sin that lasts for an eon?”

“Kiṁ pana, bhante, kappaṭṭhikaṁ kibbisan”ti?

“They burn in hell for an eon, Ānanda.

“Kappaṁ, ānanda, nirayamhi paccatīti—

A schismatic remains for the eonin a place of loss, in hell.Taking a stand against the teaching,favoring factions, they ruin their sanctuary.After causing schism in a harmonious Saṅgha,they burn in hell for an eon.”

Āpāyiko nerayiko,Kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;Vaggarato adhammaṭṭho,Yogakkhemā padhaṁsati;Saṅghaṁ samaggaṁ bhinditvā,Kappaṁ nirayamhi paccatī”ti.

AN 10.40 · With Ānanda (2nd)

AN 10.40 · Dutiyaānandasutta

“Sir, they speak of ‘harmony in the Saṅgha’. How is harmony in the Saṅgha defined?”

“‘Saṅghasāmaggī, saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī”ti?

“Ānanda, it’s when a mendicant explains what is not the teaching as not the teaching, and what is the teaching as the teaching. They explain what is not the training as not the training, and what is the training as the training. They explain what was not spoken and stated by the Realized One as not spoken and stated by the Realized One, and what was spoken and stated by the Realized One as spoken and stated by the Realized One. They explain what was not practiced by the Realized One as not practiced by the Realized One, and what was practiced by the Realized One as practiced by the Realized One. They explain what was not prescribed by the Realized One as not prescribed by the Realized One, and what was prescribed by the Realized One as prescribed by the Realized One. On these ten grounds they don’t split off and go their own way. They don’t perform legal acts autonomously or recite the monastic code autonomously. That is how harmony in the Saṅgha is defined.”

“Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṁ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho samaggo hotī”ti.

“But sir, what does someone who has forged harmony in a schismatic Saṅgha brim with?”

“Bhinnaṁ pana, bhante, saṅghaṁ samaggaṁ katvā kiṁ so pasavatī”ti?

“They brim with divine merit.”

“Brahmaṁ, ānanda, puññaṁ pasavatī”ti.

“But what is divine merit?”

“Kiṁ pana, bhante, brahmaṁ puññan”ti?

“They rejoice in heaven for an eon, Ānanda.

“Kappaṁ, ānanda, saggamhi modatīti—

A Saṅgha in harmony is happy,as is support for those in harmony.Taking a stand on the teaching,favoring harmony, they ruin no sanctuary.After forging harmony in the Saṅgha,they rejoice in heaven for an eon.”

Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī,samaggānañca anuggaho;Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho,yogakkhemā na dhaṁsati;Saṅghaṁ samaggaṁ katvāna,kappaṁ saggamhi modatī”ti.