AN 4.101 · Clouds (1st)
AN 4.101 · Paṭhamavalāhakasutta
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants, “Mendicants!”
Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of clouds. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, valāhakā. Katame cattāro?
One thunders but doesn’t rain,
Gajjitā no vassitā,
one rains but doesn’t thunder,
vassitā no gajjitā,
one neither thunders nor rains, and
neva gajjitā no vassitā,
one both rains and thunders.
gajjitā ca vassitā ca.
These are the four kinds of clouds. In the same way, these four individuals similar to clouds are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One thunders but doesn’t rain,
Gajjitā no vassitā,
one rains but doesn’t thunder,
vassitā no gajjitā,
one neither thunders nor rains, and
neva gajjitā no vassitā,
one both rains and thunders.
gajjitā ca vassitā ca.
And how does an individual thunder but not rain? It’s when an individual is a talker, not a doer. That’s how an individual thunders but doesn’t rain. That individual is like a cloud that thunders but doesn’t rain, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā hoti no vassitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo bhāsitā hoti, no kattā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā hoti, no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako gajjitā, no vassitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual rain but not thunder? It’s when an individual is a doer, not a talker. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo vassitā hoti, no gajjitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kattā hoti, no bhāsitā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo vassitā hoti, no gajjitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako vassitā, no gajjitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual neither thunder nor rain? It’s when an individual is neither a talker nor a doer. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gajjitā hoti, no vassitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo neva bhāsitā hoti, no kattā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gajjitā hoti, no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako neva gajjitā, no vassitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual both thunder and rain? It’s when an individual is both a talker and a doer. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo bhāsitā ca hoti kattā ca. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako gajjitā ca vassitā ca; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to clouds are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Paṭhamaṁ.
AN 4.102 · Clouds (2nd)
AN 4.102 · Dutiyavalāhakasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of clouds. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, valāhakā. Katame cattāro?
One thunders but doesn’t rain,
Gajjitā no vassitā,
one rains but doesn’t thunder,
vassitā no gajjitā,
one neither thunders nor rains, and
neva gajjitā no vassitā,
one both rains and thunders.
gajjitā ca vassitā ca.
These are the four kinds of clouds. In the same way, these four individuals similar to clouds are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One thunders but doesn’t rain,
Gajjitā no vassitā,
one rains but doesn’t thunder,
vassitā no gajjitā,
one neither thunders nor rains, and
neva gajjitā no vassitā,
one both rains and thunders.
gajjitā ca vassitā ca.
And how does an individual thunder but not rain? It’s when an individual memorizes the teaching— statements, mixed prose & verse, discussions, verses, inspired exclamations, legends, stories of past lives, amazing stories, and elaborations. But they don’t truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how an individual thunders but doesn’t rain. That individual is like a cloud that thunders but doesn’t rain, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā hoti, no vassitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā hoti, no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako gajjitā, no vassitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual rain but not thunder? It’s when an individual doesn’t memorize the teaching … But they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo vassitā hoti, no gajjitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ na pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo vassitā hoti, no gajjitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako vassitā, no gajjitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual neither thunder nor rain? It’s when an individual doesn’t memorize the teaching … Nor do they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gajjitā hoti, no vassitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo neva dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gajjitā hoti, no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako neva gajjitā, no vassitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual both thunder and rain? It’s when an individual memorizes the teaching … And they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, valāhako gajjitā ca vassitā ca; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to clouds are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Dutiyaṁ.
AN 4.103 · Pots
AN 4.103 · Kumbhasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four pots. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, kumbhā. Katame cattāro?
Covered but hollow,
Tuccho pihito,
uncovered but full,
pūro vivaṭo,
uncovered and hollow, and
tuccho vivaṭo,
covered and full.
pūro pihito—
These are the four pots. In the same way, these four individuals similar to pots are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro kumbhā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro kumbhūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
Covered but hollow,
Tuccho pihito,
uncovered but full,
pūro vivaṭo,
uncovered and hollow, and
tuccho vivaṭo,
covered and full.
pūro pihito.
And how is an individual covered but hollow? It’s when an individual is impressive when going out and coming back, when looking ahead and aside, when bending and extending the limbs, and when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes. But they don’t truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how an individual is covered but hollow. That individual is like a pot that’s covered but hollow, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo tuccho hoti pihito? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo tuccho hoti pihito. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, kumbho tuccho pihito; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual uncovered but full? It’s when an individual is not impressive … But they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pūro hoti vivaṭo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pūro hoti vivaṭo. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, kumbho pūro vivaṭo; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual uncovered and hollow? It’s when an individual is not impressive … Nor do they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo tuccho hoti vivaṭo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo tuccho hoti vivaṭo. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, kumbho tuccho vivaṭo; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual covered and full? It’s when an individual is impressive … And they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pūro hoti pihito? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pūro hoti pihito. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, kumbho pūro pihito; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to pots are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro kumbhūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Tatiyaṁ.
AN 4.104 · Lakes
AN 4.104 · Udakarahadasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four lakes. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, udakarahadā. Katame cattāro?
One is shallow but appears deep,
Uttāno gambhīrobhāso,
one is deep but appears shallow,
gambhīro uttānobhāso,
one is shallow and appears shallow, and
uttāno uttānobhāso,
one is deep and appears deep.
gambhīro gambhīrobhāso—
These are the four lakes. In the same way, these four individuals similar to lakes are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro udakarahadā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One is shallow but appears deep,
Uttāno gambhīrobhāso,
one is deep but appears shallow,
gambhīro uttānobhāso,
one is shallow and appears shallow, and
uttāno uttānobhāso,
one is deep and appears deep.
gambhīro gambhīrobhāso.
And how is an individual shallow but appears deep? It’s when an individual is impressive when going out and coming back, when looking ahead and aside, when bending and extending the limbs, and when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes. But they don’t really understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how an individual is shallow but appears deep. That individual is like a lake that’s shallow but appears deep, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo uttāno hoti gambhīrobhāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo uttāno hoti gambhīrobhāso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, udakarahado uttāno gambhīrobhāso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual deep but appears shallow? It’s when an individual is not impressive … But they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gambhīro hoti uttānobhāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gambhīro hoti uttānobhāso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, udakarahado gambhīro uttānobhāso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual shallow and appears shallow? It’s when an individual is not impressive … Nor do they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo uttāno hoti uttānobhāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo uttāno hoti uttānobhāso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, udakarahado uttāno uttānobhāso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual deep and appears deep? It’s when an individual is impressive … And they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gambhīro hoti gambhīrobhāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gambhīro hoti gambhīrobhāso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, udakarahado gambhīro gambhīrobhāso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to lakes are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Catutthaṁ.
AN 4.105 · Mangoes
AN 4.105 · Ambasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four mangoes. What four?
“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, ambāni. Katamāni cattāri?
One is unripe but seems ripe,
Āmaṁ pakkavaṇṇi,
one is ripe but seems unripe,
pakkaṁ āmavaṇṇi,
one is unripe and seems unripe, and
āmaṁ āmavaṇṇi,
one is ripe and seems ripe.
pakkaṁ pakkavaṇṇi—
These are the four mangoes.
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ambāni.
In the same way, these four individuals similar to mangoes are found in the world. What four?
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro ambūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One is unripe but seems ripe,
Āmo pakkavaṇṇī,
one is ripe but seems unripe,
pakko āmavaṇṇī,
one is unripe and seems unripe, and
āmo āmavaṇṇī,
one is ripe and seems ripe.
pakko pakkavaṇṇī.
And how is an individual unripe but seems ripe? It’s when an individual is impressive when going out and coming back, when looking ahead and aside, when bending and extending the limbs, and when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes. But they don’t really understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how an individual is unripe but seems ripe. That individual is like a mango that’s unripe but seems ripe, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āmo hoti pakkavaṇṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo āmo hoti pakkavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṁ, bhikkhave, ambaṁ āmaṁ pakkavaṇṇi; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual ripe but seems unripe? It’s when an individual is not impressive … But they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pakko hoti āmavaṇṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pakko hoti āmavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṁ, bhikkhave, ambaṁ pakkaṁ āmavaṇṇi; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual unripe and seems unripe? It’s when an individual is not impressive … Nor do they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āmo hoti āmavaṇṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo āmo hoti āmavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṁ, bhikkhave, ambaṁ āmaṁ āmavaṇṇi; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual ripe and seems ripe? It’s when an individual is impressive … And they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pakko hoti pakkavaṇṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṁ hoti abhikkantaṁ paṭikkantaṁ ālokitaṁ vilokitaṁ samiñjitaṁ pasāritaṁ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pakko hoti pakkavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṁ, bhikkhave, ambaṁ pakkaṁ pakkavaṇṇi; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to mangoes are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro ambūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Pañcamaṁ.
AN 4.106 · Mangoes (2nd)
AN 4.106 · [Dutiyaambasutta]
(This is a ghost sutta: there is no text for it in any available editions.)
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AN 4.107 · Mice
AN 4.107 · Mūsikasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of mice. What four?
“Catasso imā, bhikkhave, mūsikā. Katamā catasso?
One makes a hole but doesn’t live in it,
Gādhaṁ kattā no vasitā,
one lives in a hole but doesn’t make it,
vasitā no gādhaṁ kattā,
one neither makes a hole nor lives in it, and
neva gādhaṁ kattā no vasitā,
one both makes a hole and lives in it.
gādhaṁ kattā ca vasitā ca—
These are the four kinds of mice. In the same way, these four individuals similar to mice are found in the world. What four?
imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso mūsikā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One makes a hole but doesn’t live in it,
Gādhaṁ kattā no vasitā,
one lives in a hole but doesn’t make it,
vasitā no gādhaṁ kattā,
one neither makes a hole nor lives in it, and
neva gādhaṁ kattā no vasitā,
one both makes a hole and lives in it.
gādhaṁ kattā ca vasitā ca.
And how does an individual make a hole but not live in it? It’s when an individual memorizes the teaching— statements, mixed prose & verse, discussions, verses, inspired exclamations, legends, stories of past lives, amazing stories, and elaborations. But they don’t really understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how an individual makes a hole but doesn’t live in it. That individual is like a mouse that makes a hole but doesn’t live in it, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gādhaṁ kattā hoti no vasitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gādhaṁ kattā hoti, no vasitā. Seyyathāpi sā, bhikkhave, mūsikā gādhaṁ kattā, no vasitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual live in a hole but not make it? It’s when an individual doesn’t memorize the teaching … But they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo vasitā hoti, no gādhaṁ kattā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ na pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo vasitā hoti, no gādhaṁ kattā. Seyyathāpi sā, bhikkhave, mūsikā vasitā hoti, no gādhaṁ kattā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ, puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual neither make a hole nor live in it? It’s when an individual doesn’t memorize the teaching … Nor do they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gādhaṁ kattā hoti no vasitā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ na pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo neva gādhaṁ kattā hoti, no vasitā. Seyyathāpi sā, bhikkhave, mūsikā neva gādhaṁ kattā hoti, no vasitā; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how does an individual both make a hole and live in it? It’s when an individual memorizes the teaching … And they really understand: ‘This is suffering’ …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo gādhaṁ kattā ca hoti vasitā ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dhammaṁ pariyāpuṇāti— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthaṁ, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. So ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo gādhaṁ kattā ca hoti vasitā ca. Seyyathāpi sā, bhikkhave, mūsikā gādhaṁ kattā ca hoti vasitā ca; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to mice are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Sattamaṁ.
AN 4.108 · Oxen
AN 4.108 · Balībaddasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of oxen. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, balībaddā. Katame cattāro?
One hostile to its own herd, not others;
Sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo,
one hostile to other herds, not its own;
paragavacaṇḍo no sagavacaṇḍo,
one hostile to both its own herd and others; and
sagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca,
one hostile to neither its own herd nor others.
neva sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo—
These are the four kinds of oxen. In the same way, these four individuals similar to oxen are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro balībaddā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro balībaddūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One hostile to their own herd, not others;
Sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo,
one hostile to other herds, not their own;
paragavacaṇḍo no sagavacaṇḍo,
one hostile to both their own herd and others; and
sagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca,
one hostile to neither their own herd nor others.
neva sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo.
And how is an individual hostile to their own herd, not others? It’s when an individual intimidates their own followers, not the followers of others. That’s how an individual is hostile to their own herd, not others. That individual is like an ox that’s hostile to its own herd, not others.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sagavacaṇḍo hoti, no paragavacaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sakaparisaṁ ubbejetā hoti, no paraparisaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sagavacaṇḍo hoti, no paragavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, balībaddo sagavacaṇḍo, no paragavacaṇḍo; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual hostile to other herds, not their own? It’s when an individual intimidates the followers of others, not their own. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo paragavacaṇḍo hoti, no sagavacaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo paraparisaṁ ubbejetā hoti, no sakaparisaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo paragavacaṇḍo hoti, no sagavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, balībaddo paragavacaṇḍo, no sagavacaṇḍo; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual hostile to both their own herd and others? It’s when an individual intimidates their own followers and the followers of others. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sagavacaṇḍo ca hoti paragavacaṇḍo ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sakaparisaṁ ubbejetā hoti paraparisañca. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sagavacaṇḍo ca hoti paragavacaṇḍo ca. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, balībaddo sagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual hostile to neither their own herd nor others? It’s when an individual doesn’t intimidate their own followers or the followers of others.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo neva sagavacaṇḍo hoti no paragavacaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo neva sakaparisaṁ ubbejetā hoti, no paraparisañca. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo neva sagavacaṇḍo hoti, no paragavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, balībaddo neva sagavacaṇḍo, no paragavacaṇḍo; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to oxen are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro balībaddūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Aṭṭhamaṁ.
AN 4.109 · Trees
AN 4.109 · Rukkhasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of tree. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, rukkhā. Katame cattāro?
One is a softwood surrounded by softwoods,
Pheggu phegguparivāro,
one is a softwood surrounded by hardwoods,
pheggu sāraparivāro,
one is a hardwood surrounded by softwoods, and
sāro phegguparivāro,
one is a hardwood surrounded by hardwoods.
sāro sāraparivāro—
These are the four kinds of tree. In the same way, these four individuals similar to trees are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One is a softwood surrounded by softwoods,
Pheggu phegguparivāro,
one is a softwood surrounded by hardwoods,
pheggu sāraparivāro,
one is a hardwood surrounded by softwoods, and
sāro phegguparivāro,
one is a hardwood surrounded by hardwoods.
sāro sāraparivāro.
And how is an individual a softwood surrounded by softwoods? It’s when an individual is unethical, of bad character, and their followers are the same. That’s how an individual is a softwood surrounded by softwoods. That individual is like a softwood tree that’s surrounded by softwoods, I say.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo; parisāpissa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho pheggu phegguparivāro; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual a softwood surrounded by hardwoods? It’s when an individual is unethical, of bad character, but their followers are ethical, of good character. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo; parisā ca khvassa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho pheggu sāraparivāro; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual a hardwood surrounded by softwoods? It’s when an individual is ethical, of good character, but their followers are unethical, of bad character. …
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo; parisā ca khvassa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho sāro phegguparivāro; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual a hardwood surrounded by hardwoods? It’s when an individual is ethical, of good character, and their followers are the same.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo; parisāpissa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho sāro sāraparivāro; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to trees are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Navamaṁ.
AN 4.110 · Vipers
AN 4.110 · Āsīvisasutta
“Mendicants, there are these four kinds of viper. What four?
“Cattārome, bhikkhave, āsīvisā. Katame cattāro?
One whose venom is fast-acting but not lethal,
Āgataviso na ghoraviso,
one whose venom is lethal but not fast-acting,
ghoraviso na āgataviso,
one whose venom is both fast-acting and lethal, and
āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca,
one whose venom is neither fast-acting nor lethal.
nevāgataviso na ghoraviso—
These are the four kinds of viper. In the same way, these four individuals similar to vipers are found in the world. What four?
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisā. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?
One whose venom is fast-acting but not lethal,
Āgataviso na ghoraviso,
one whose venom is lethal but not fast-acting,
ghoraviso na āgataviso,
one whose venom is both fast-acting and lethal, and
āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca,
one whose venom is neither fast-acting nor lethal.
nevāgataviso na ghoraviso.
And how is an individual’s venom fast-acting but not lethal? It’s when an individual is often angry, but their anger doesn’t linger long. That’s how an individual’s venom is fast-acting but not lethal. That individual is like a viper whose venom is fast-acting but not lethal.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṁ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na dīgharattaṁ anuseti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso āgataviso, na ghoraviso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual’s venom lethal but not fast-acting? It’s when an individual is not often angry, but their anger lingers for a long time.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo ghoraviso hoti, na āgataviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho abhiṇhaṁ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṁ anuseti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo ghoraviso hoti, na āgataviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso ghoraviso, na āgataviso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual’s venom both fast-acting and lethal? It’s when an individual is often angry, and their anger lingers for a long time.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṁ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṁ anuseti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
And how is an individual’s venom neither fast-acting nor lethal? It’s when an individual is not often angry, and their anger doesn’t linger long.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo nevāgataviso hoti na ghoraviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho abhiṇhaṁ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na dīgharattaṁ anuseti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo nevāgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso nevāgataviso na ghoraviso; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.
These four individuals similar to vipers are found in the world.”
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.
Dasamaṁ.
Valāhakavaggo paṭhamo.
Tassuddānaṁ
Dve valāhā kumbha udaka,rahadā dve honti ambāni;Mūsikā balībaddā rukkhā,āsīvisena te dasāti.