---
title: "Numbered Discourses: The Fours · Aṅguttara Nikāya · Catukkanipāta"
author: "The Buddha"
translator: "Bhikkhu Sujato"
languages: [pi, en]
shelf: "Pali Canon"
section: 20 of 32
url: https://scriptura.si/works/pali-anguttara-nikaya-4/20/
cite: "The Buddha, tr. Bhikkhu Sujato, Numbered Discourses: The Fours · Aṅguttara Nikāya · Catukkanipāta, section 20. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/pali-anguttara-nikaya-4/20/"
---
# Numbered Discourses: The Fours · Aṅguttara Nikāya · Catukkanipāta
*The Buddha, tr. Bhikkhu Sujato*
Teachings grouped in fours: four kinds of persons, four right efforts, four ways of practice.
> Pali: the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka (Buddha Jayanti edition, 2500), from SuttaCentral’s bilara-data, dedicated to the public domain (CC0).
> English: Bhikkhu Sujato, from SuttaCentral’s bilara-data, dedicated to the public domain (CC0). Notes are not included.
> Rows follow the segment numbers the two texts share, gathered into paragraphs; verse keeps its lines.
## 20. Brahmins · AN 4.181–4.189
Source: https://scriptura.si/works/pali-anguttara-nikaya-4/20/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/pali-anguttara-nikaya-4/20/#p-N
[¶0] AN 4.181 · A Warrior
> Pali: AN 4.181 · Yodhājīvasutta
[¶1] “Mendicants, a warrior with four factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is reckoned a factor of kingship. What four? He’s skilled in the basics, a long-distance shooter, a marksman, one who shatters large objects. A warrior with these four factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is reckoned a factor of kingship.
> Pali: “Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṁ gacchati.
[¶2] In the same way, a mendicant with four qualities is worthy of offerings dedicated to the gods, worthy of hospitality, worthy of a religious donation, worthy of veneration with cupped palms, and is the supreme field of merit for the world. What four? He’s skilled in the basics, a long-distance shooter, a marksman, one who shatters large objects.
> Pali: Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṁ puññakkhettaṁ lokassa. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā.
[¶3] And how is a mendicant skilled in the basics? It’s when a mendicant is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. That’s how a mendicant is skilled in the basics.
> Pali: Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti.
[¶4] And how is a mendicant a long-distance shooter? It’s when a mendicant truly sees any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all form—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ They truly see any kind of feeling … perception … choices … consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all consciousness—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ That’s how a mendicant is a long-distance shooter.
> Pali: Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṁ kiñci rūpaṁ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṁ ajjhattaṁ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṁ vā sukhumaṁ vā hīnaṁ vā paṇītaṁ vā yaṁ dūre santike vā, sabbaṁ rūpaṁ ‘netaṁ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā … yā kāci saññā … ye keci saṅkhārā … yaṁ kiñci viññāṇaṁ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṁ ajjhattaṁ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṁ vā sukhumaṁ vā hīnaṁ vā paṇītaṁ vā yaṁ dūre santike vā, sabbaṁ viññāṇaṁ ‘netaṁ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti.
[¶5] And how is a mendicant a marksman? It’s when they truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. That’s how a mendicant is a marksman.
> Pali: Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti.
[¶6] And how does a mendicant shatter large objects? It’s when a mendicant shatters the great mass of ignorance. That’s how a mendicant shatters large objects.
> Pali: Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahantaṁ avijjākkhandhaṁ padāletā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti.
[¶7] A mendicant with these four qualities … is the supreme field of merit for the world.”
> Pali: Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti …pe… anuttaraṁ puññakkhettaṁ lokassā”ti.
[¶8] > Pali: Paṭhamaṁ.
[¶9] AN 4.182 · Guarantee
> Pali: AN 4.182 · Pāṭibhogasutta
[¶10] “There are four things that no one can guarantee— not an ascetic, a brahmin, a god, a Māra, a divinity, or anyone in the world.
> Pali: “Catunnaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṁ.
[¶11] What four? No one can guarantee that someone liable to old age will not grow old. No one can guarantee that someone liable to sickness will not get sick. No one can guarantee that someone liable to death will not die. No one can guarantee that the bad deeds done in past lives—corrupting, leading to future lives, hurtful, resulting in suffering and future rebirth, old age, and death—will not produce their result.
> Pali: Katamesaṁ catunnaṁ? ‘Jarādhammaṁ mā jīrī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṁ; ‘byādhidhammaṁ mā byādhiyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṁ; ‘maraṇadhammaṁ mā mīyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṁ; ‘yāni kho pana tāni pubbe attanā katāni pāpakāni kammāni saṅkilesikāni ponobhavikāni sadarāni dukkhavipākāni āyatiṁ jātijarāmaraṇikāni, tesaṁ vipāko mā nibbattī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṁ.
[¶12] These are the four things that no one can guarantee— not an ascetic, a brahmin, a god, a Māra, a divinity, or anyone in the world.”
> Pali: Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṁ dhammānaṁ natthi koci pāṭibhogo— samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmin”ti.
[¶13] > Pali: Dutiyaṁ.
[¶14] AN 4.183 · Vassakāra on What is Heard
> Pali: AN 4.183 · Sutasutta
[¶15] At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Then Vassakāra the brahmin, a chief minister of Magadha, went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:
> Pali: Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
[¶16] “Worthy Gotama, this is my doctrine and view: There’s nothing wrong with talking about what you’ve seen, saying: ‘So I have seen.’ There’s nothing wrong with talking about what you’ve heard, saying: ‘So I have heard.’ There’s nothing wrong with talking about what you’ve thought, saying: ‘So I have thought.’ There’s nothing wrong with talking about what you’ve known, saying: ‘So I have known.’”
> Pali: “Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṁvādī evaṁdiṭṭhi: ‘yo koci diṭṭhaṁ bhāsati— evaṁ me diṭṭhanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci sutaṁ bhāsati— evaṁ me sutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci mutaṁ bhāsati— evaṁ me mutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci viññātaṁ bhāsati— evaṁ me viññātanti, natthi tato doso’”ti.
[¶17] “Brahmin, I don’t say you should talk about everything you see, hear, think, and know. But I also don’t say you should talk about nothing you see, hear, think, and know.
> Pali: “Nāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ diṭṭhaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ diṭṭhaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ sutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ sutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ mutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ mutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ viññātaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṁ viññātaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
[¶18] When talking about certain things you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known, unskillful qualities grow while skillful qualities decline. I say that you shouldn’t talk about those things. When talking about other things you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known, unskillful qualities decline while skillful qualities grow. I say that you should talk about those things.”
> Pali: Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ diṭṭhaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ diṭṭhaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
[¶19] > Pali: Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, sutaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ sutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, sutaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ sutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
[¶20] > Pali: Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, mutaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ mutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, mutaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ mutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
[¶21] > Pali: Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ viññātaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ viññātaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmī”ti.
[¶22] Then Vassakāra the brahmin, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, rose from his seat and left.
> Pali: Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
[¶23] > Pali: Tatiyaṁ.
[¶24] AN 4.184 · Fearless
> Pali: AN 4.184 · Abhayasutta
[¶25] Then the brahmin Jānussoṇi went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:
> Pali: Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
[¶26] “Worthy Gotama, this is my doctrine and view: ‘All those liable to death are frightened and terrified of death.’”
> Pali: “Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṁvādī evaṁdiṭṭhi: ‘natthi yo maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassā’”ti.
[¶27] “Brahmin, some of those liable to death are frightened and terrified of death. But some of those liable to death are not frightened and terrified of death.
> Pali: “Atthi, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa; atthi pana, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶28] Who are those frightened of death? It’s someone who isn’t free of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for sensual pleasures. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘The sensual pleasures that I love so much will leave me, and I’ll leave them.’ They sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This is someone who is frightened of death.
> Pali: Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘piyā vata maṁ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṁ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṁ kandati, sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶29] Furthermore, it’s someone who isn’t free of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for the body. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘This body that I love so much will leave me, and I’ll leave it.’ They sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who is frightened of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘piyo vata maṁ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṁ kāyaṁ jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṁ kandati, sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶30] Furthermore, it’s someone who hasn’t done good and skillful things that keep them safe, but has done bad things, violence and sin. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘Well, I haven’t done good and skillful things that keep me safe. And I have done bad things, violence and sin. When I depart, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ They sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who is frightened of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatakalyāṇo hoti akatakusalo akatabhīruttāṇo katapāpo kataluddo katakibbiso. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘akataṁ vata me kalyāṇaṁ, akataṁ kusalaṁ, akataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ; kataṁ pāpaṁ, kataṁ luddaṁ, kataṁ kibbisaṁ. Yāvatā, bho, akatakalyāṇānaṁ akatakusalānaṁ akatabhīruttāṇānaṁ katapāpānaṁ kataluddānaṁ katakibbisānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṁ kandati, sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶31] Furthermore, it’s someone who’s doubtful, uncertain, and undecided about the true teaching. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘I’m doubtful, uncertain, and undecided about the true teaching.’ They sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who is frightened of death. These are the four individuals liable to death who are frightened and terrified of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘kaṅkhī vatamhi vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṁ kandati, sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā bhāyanti, santāsaṁ āpajjanti maraṇassa.
[¶32] Who are those not frightened of death?
> Pali: Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa?
[¶33] It’s someone who is rid of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for sensual pleasures. When they fall seriously ill, they don’t think: ‘The sensual pleasures that I love so much will leave me, and I’ll leave them.’ They don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This is someone who’s not frightened of death.
> Pali: Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘piyā vata maṁ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṁ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶34] Furthermore, it’s someone who is rid of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for the body. When they fall seriously ill, they don’t think: ‘This body that I love so much will leave me, and I’ll leave it.’ They don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who’s not frightened of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘piyo vata maṁ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṁ kāyaṁ jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶35] Furthermore, it’s someone who hasn’t done bad things, violence and sin, but has done good and skillful deeds that keep them safe. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘Well, I haven’t done bad things, violence and sin. And I have done good and skillful deeds that keep me safe. When I depart, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ They don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who’s not frightened of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatapāpo hoti akataluddo akatakibbiso katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘akataṁ vata me pāpaṁ, akataṁ luddaṁ, akataṁ kibbisaṁ; kataṁ kalyāṇaṁ, kataṁ kusalaṁ, kataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṁ akataluddānaṁ akatakibbisānaṁ katakalyāṇānaṁ katakusalānaṁ katabhīruttāṇānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶36] Furthermore, it’s someone who’s not doubtful, uncertain, or undecided about the true teaching. When they fall seriously ill, they think: ‘I’m not doubtful, uncertain, or undecided about the true teaching.’ They don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. This, too, is someone who’s not frightened of death.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akaṅkhī hoti avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṁ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṁ hoti: ‘akaṅkhī vatamhi avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa.
[¶37] These are the four individuals liable to death who are not frightened and terrified of death.”
> Pali: Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā na bhāyanti, na santāsaṁ āpajjanti maraṇassā”ti.
[¶38] “Excellent, worthy Gotama! … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”
> Pali: “Abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.
[¶39] > Pali: Catutthaṁ.
[¶40] AN 4.185 · Truths of the Brahmins
> Pali: AN 4.185 · Brāhmaṇasaccasutta
[¶41] Once the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain.
> Pali: Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate.
[¶42] Now at that time several very well-known wanderers were residing in their monastery on the bank of the Serpentine River. They included Annabhāra, Varadhara, Sakuludāyī, and other very well-known wanderers.
> Pali: Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā sippinikātīre paribbājakārāme paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṁ annabhāro varadharo sakuludāyī ca paribbājako aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā.
[¶43] Then in the late afternoon, the Buddha came out of retreat and went to the monastery for the wanderers on the bank of the Serpentine River.
> Pali: Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena sippinikātīre paribbājakārāmo tenupasaṅkami.
[¶44] Now at that time this discussion came up while those wanderers of other religions were sitting together, “The truths of the brahmins are like this; the truths of the brahmins are like that.”
> Pali: Tena kho pana samayena tesaṁ aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ayamantarā kathā udapādi: “itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī”ti.
[¶45] Then the Buddha went up to those wanderers, sat down on the seat spread out, and said to them, “Wanderers, what were you sitting talking about just now? What conversation was left unfinished?”
> Pali: Atha kho bhagavā yena te paribbājakā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā te paribbājake etadavoca: “Kāya nuttha, paribbājakā, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?
[¶46] “Well, worthy Gotama, this discussion came up among us while we were sitting together: ‘The truths of the brahmins are like this; the truths of the brahmins are like that.’”
> Pali: “Idha, bho gotama, amhākaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ayamantarākathā udapādi: ‘itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī’”ti.
[¶47] “Wanderers, I declare these four truths of the brahmins, having realized them with my own insight. What four?
> Pali: “Cattārimāni, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni cattāri?
[¶48] Take a brahmin who says: ‘No sentient beings should be killed.’ In speaking like this, a brahmin speaks the truth, not lies. But they don’t think of themselves as an ‘ascetic’ or ‘brahmin’ because of that. Nor do they think ‘I’m better’ or ‘I’m equal’ or ‘I’m worse’. Rather, they simply practice out of kindness and sympathy for living creatures, having had insight into the truth of that.
> Pali: Idha, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘sabbe pāṇā avajjhā’ti. Iti vadaṁ brāhmaṇo saccaṁ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṁ tadabhiññāya pāṇānaṁyeva anuddayāya anukampāya paṭipanno hoti.
[¶49] Take another brahmin who says: ‘All sensual pleasures are impermanent, suffering, and perishable.’ Saying this, a brahmin speaks the truth, not lies. But they don’t think of themselves as an ‘ascetic’ or ‘brahmin’ because of that. Nor do they think ‘I’m better’ or ‘I’m equal’ or ‘I’m worse’. Rather, they simply practice for disillusionment, dispassion, and cessation regarding sensual pleasures, having had insight into the truth of that.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘sabbe kāmā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’ti. Iti vadaṁ brāhmaṇo saccamāha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṁ tadabhiññāya kāmānaṁyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
[¶50] Take another brahmin who says: ‘All states of existence are impermanent, suffering, and perishable.’ … They simply practice for disillusionment, dispassion, and cessation regarding future lives, having had insight into the truth of that.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘sabbe bhavā aniccā …pe… tadabhiññāya bhavānaṁyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
[¶51] Take another brahmin who says: ‘I don’t belong to anyone anywhere. And nothing belongs to me anywhere.’ In speaking like this, a brahmin speaks the truth, not lies. But they don’t think of themselves as an ‘ascetic’ or ‘brahmin’ because of that. Nor do they think ‘I’m better’ or ‘I’m equal’ or ‘I’m worse’. Rather, they simply practice the path of nothingness, having had insight into the truth of that.
> Pali: Puna caparaṁ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘nāhaṁ kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmiṁ na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcanatatthī’ti. Iti vadaṁ brāhmaṇo saccaṁ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṁ tadabhiññāya ākiñcaññaṁyeva paṭipadaṁ paṭipanno hoti.
[¶52] These are the four truths of the brahmins that I declare, having realized them with my own insight.”
> Pali: Imāni kho, paribbājakā, cattāri brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditānī”ti.
[¶53] > Pali: Pañcamaṁ.
[¶54] AN 4.186 · Approach
> Pali: AN 4.186 · Ummaggasutta
[¶55] Then one of the mendicants went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:
> Pali: Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
[¶56] “Sir, what leads the world on? What drags it around? What arises and takes control?”
> Pali: “kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṁ gacchatī”ti?
[¶57] “Good, good, mendicant! Your approach and eloquence are excellent, and it’s a good question. For you asked: ‘What leads the world on? What drags it around? What arises and takes control?’”
> Pali: “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu. Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pucchasi: ‘kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṁ gacchatī’”ti?
[¶58] “Yes, sir.”
> Pali: “Evaṁ, bhante”.
[¶59] “Mendicant, the mind leads the world on. The mind drags it around. When the mind arises, it takes control.”
> Pali: “Cittena kho, bhikkhu, loko nīyati, cittena parikassati, cittassa uppannassa vasaṁ gacchatī”ti.
[¶60] Saying “Good, sir”, that monk approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. Then he asked another question:
> Pali: “Sādhu, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṁ uttari pañhaṁ apucchi:
[¶61] “Sir, they speak of ‘a learned memorizer of the teaching’. How is a learned memorizer of the teaching defined?”
> Pali: “‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī”ti?
[¶62] “Good, good, mendicant! Your approach and eloquence are excellent, and it’s a good question. … I have taught many teachings: statements, mixed prose & verse, discussions, verses, inspired exclamations, legends, stories of past lives, amazing stories, and elaborations. But if anyone understands the meaning and the text of even a four-line verse, and if they practice in line with that teaching, they’re qualified to be called a ‘learned memorizer of the teaching’.”
> Pali: “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu. Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu ummaggo, bhaddakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pucchasi: ‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī’”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”. “Bahū kho, bhikkhu, mayā dhammā desitā— suttaṁ, geyyaṁ, veyyākaraṇaṁ, gāthā, udānaṁ, itivuttakaṁ, jātakaṁ, abbhutadhammaṁ, vedallaṁ. Catuppadāya cepi, bhikkhu, gāthāya atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti bahussuto dhammadharoti alaṁvacanāyā”ti.
[¶63] Saying “Good, sir”, that monk approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. Then he asked another question:
> Pali: “Sādhu, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṁ uttari pañhaṁ apucchi:
[¶64] “Sir, they speak of ‘a learned person with penetrating wisdom’. How is a learned person with penetrating wisdom defined?”
> Pali: “‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī”ti?
[¶65] “Good, good, mendicant! Your approach and eloquence are excellent, and it’s a good question. … Take a mendicant who has heard: ‘This is suffering.’ They see what it means with penetrating wisdom. They’ve heard: ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.’ They see what it means with penetrating wisdom. That’s how an individual is learned, with penetrating wisdom.”
> Pali: “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu. Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pucchasi: ‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapaññoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”. “Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhuno ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti sutaṁ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṁ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti sutaṁ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṁ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti sutaṁ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṁ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti sutaṁ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṁ ativijjha passati. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhu, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī”ti.
[¶66] Saying “Good, sir”, that monk approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. Then he asked another question:
> Pali: “Sādhu, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṁ uttari pañhaṁ apucchi:
[¶67] “Sir, they speak of ‘an astute person with great wisdom’. How is an astute person with great wisdom defined?”
> Pali: “‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī”ti?
[¶68] “Good, good, mendicant! Your approach and eloquence are excellent, and it’s a good question. … An astute person with great wisdom is one who has no intention to hurt themselves, or to hurt others, or to hurt both. When they think, they only think of the benefit for themselves, for others, for both, and for the whole world. That’s how an individual is astute, with great wisdom.”
> Pali: “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu. Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṁ bhikkhu pucchasi: ‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpaññoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”. “Idha, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño nevattabyābādhāya ceteti na parabyābādhāya ceteti na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti attahitaparahitaubhayahitasabbalokahitameva cintayamāno cinteti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī”ti.
[¶69] > Pali: Chaṭṭhaṁ.
[¶70] AN 4.187 · With Vassakāra
> Pali: AN 4.187 · Vassakārasutta
[¶71] At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.
> Pali: Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
[¶72] Then Vassakāra the brahmin, a chief minister of Magadha, went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:
> Pali: Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
[¶73] “Worthy Gotama, could an untrue person know of an untrue person: ‘This worthy one is an untrue person’?”
> Pali: “Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, asappuriso asappurisaṁ: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
[¶74] “That’s impossible, brahmin, it can’t happen.”
> Pali: “Aṭṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti.
[¶75] “Could an untrue person know of a true person: ‘This worthy one is a true person’?”
> Pali: “Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, asappuriso sappurisaṁ: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
[¶76] “That too is impossible, it can’t happen.”
> Pali: “Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṁ anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti.
[¶77] “Worthy Gotama, could a true person know of a true person: ‘This worthy one is a true person’?”
> Pali: “Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, sappuriso sappurisaṁ: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
[¶78] “That, brahmin, is possible.”
> Pali: “Ṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṁ sappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti.
[¶79] “Could a true person know of an untrue person: ‘This worthy one is an untrue person’?”
> Pali: “Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, sappuriso asappurisaṁ: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti?
[¶80] “That too is possible.”
> Pali: “Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṁ vijjati yaṁ sappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: ‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti.
[¶81] “It’s incredible, worthy Gotama, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the worthy Gotama: ‘It’s impossible, it can’t happen, that an untrue person could know … But it is possible that a true person could know …’
> Pali: “Acchariyaṁ, bho gotama, abbhutaṁ, bho gotama. Yāva subhāsitañcidaṁ bhotā gotamena: ‘aṭṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya— asappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṁ anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya— sappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṁ sappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya— sappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṁ vijjati yaṁ sappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya— asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti.
[¶82] Once, members of the brahmin Todeyya’s assembly were going on complaining about others: ‘This King Eḷeyya is a fool to be so devoted to the ascetic Rāmaputta. He even shows him the utmost deference by bowing down to him, rising up for him, greeting him with cupped palms, and observing proper etiquette for him. And these king’s men are fools too— Yamaka, Moggalla, Ugga, Nāvindakī, Gandhabba, and Aggivessa—for they show the same kind of deference to Rāmaputta.’ Then the brahmin Todeyya reasoned with them like this: ‘What do the good fellows think? When it comes to the various duties and speeches, isn’t King Eḷeyya astute, even better than the experts?’ ‘That’s true, worthy sir.’
> Pali: Ekamidaṁ, bho gotama, samayaṁ todeyyassa brāhmaṇassa parisati parūpārambhaṁ vattenti: ‘bālo ayaṁ rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karoti, yadidaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammanti. Imepi rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā bālā— yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, ye samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karonti, yadidaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikamman’ti. Tyāssudaṁ todeyyo brāhmaṇo iminā nayena neti. ‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro’ti? ‘Evaṁ, bho, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataroti.
[¶83] ‘It’s because the ascetic Rāmaputta is even more astute and expert than King Eḷeyya that the king is so devoted to him. That’s why he even shows Rāmaputta the utmost deference by bowing down to him, rising up for him, greeting him with cupped palms, and observing proper etiquette for him.
> Pali: Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto raññā eḷeyyena paṇḍitena paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarena alamatthadasataro, tasmā rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karoti, yadidaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ’.
[¶84] ‘What do the good fellows think? When it comes to the various duties and speeches, aren’t the king’s men—Yamaka, Moggalla, Ugga, Nāvindakī, Gandhabba, and Aggivessa—astute, even better than the experts?’ ‘That’s true, worthy sir.’
> Pali: ‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā— yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarā’ti? ‘Evaṁ, bho, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā— yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarāti.
[¶85] ‘It’s because Rāmaputta is even more astute and expert than the king’s men that they have such devotion to him. … It’s because Rāmaputta is even more astute and expert than King Eḷeyya that the king is so devoted to him. That’s why he even shows Rāmaputta the utmost deference by bowing down to him, rising up for him, greeting him with cupped palms, and observing proper etiquette for him.’
> Pali: Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakehi paṇḍitehi paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro, tasmā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā; samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karonti, yadidaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikamman’ti.
[¶86] It’s incredible, worthy Gotama, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the worthy Gotama: ‘It’s impossible, it can’t happen, that an untrue person could know … But it is possible that a true person could know …’ Well, now, worthy Gotama, I must go. I have many duties, and much to do.”
> Pali: Acchariyaṁ, bho gotama, abbhutaṁ, bho gotama. Yāva subhāsitañcidaṁ bhotā gotamena: ‘aṭṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya— asappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṁ anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya— sappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṁ sappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya— sappuriso ayaṁ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṁ vijjati yaṁ sappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya— asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. Handa ca dāni mayaṁ, bho gotama, gacchāma. Bahukiccā mayaṁ bahukaraṇīyā”ti.
[¶87] “Please, brahmin, go at your convenience.”
> Pali: “Yassadāni tvaṁ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṁ maññasī”ti.
[¶88] Then Vassakāra the brahmin, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, rose from his seat and left.
> Pali: Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
[¶89] > Pali: Sattamaṁ.
[¶90] AN 4.188 · With Upaka
> Pali: AN 4.188 · Upakasutta
[¶91] Once the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. Then Upaka the son of Maṇḍikā went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:
> Pali: Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
[¶92] “Sir, this is my doctrine and view: ‘Whoever goes on complaining about others without giving any reasons is reprehensible and at fault.’”
> Pali: “Ahañhi, bhante, evaṁvādī evaṁdiṭṭhi: ‘yo koci parūpārambhaṁ vatteti, parūpārambhaṁ vattento sabbo so na upapādeti. Anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo’”ti.
[¶93] “Upaka, if someone goes on complaining about others without giving a reason, they’re reprehensible and at fault. But that’s what you do, so you’re reprehensible and at fault!”
> Pali: “Parūpārambhañce, upaka, vatteti parūpārambhaṁ vattento na upapādeti, anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo. Tvaṁ kho, upaka, parūpārambhaṁ vattesi, parūpārambhaṁ vattento na upapādesi, anupapādento gārayho hosi upavajjo”ti.
[¶94] “Sir, like a fish caught in a big trap just as it rises, so the Buddha caught me in a big trap of words just as I rose up.”
> Pali: “Seyyathāpi, bhante, ummujjamānakaṁyeva mahatā pāsena bandheyya; evamevaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhante, ummujjamānakoyeva bhagavatā mahatā vādapāsena baddho”ti.
[¶95] “Upaka, I’ve declared: ‘This is unskillful.’ And for that there are limitless words, phrasings, and teachings of the Realized One: ‘This is another way of saying that this is unskillful.’ I’ve declared: ‘The unskillful should be given up.’ And for that there are limitless words, phrasings, and teachings of the Realized One: ‘This is another way of saying that the unskillful should be given up.’
> Pali: “Idaṁ akusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā— itipidaṁ akusalanti. Taṁ kho panidaṁ akusalaṁ pahātabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā— itipidaṁ akusalaṁ pahātabbanti.
[¶96] I’ve declared that: ‘This is skillful.’ And for that there are limitless words, phrasings, and teachings of the Realized One: ‘This is another way of saying that this is skillful.’ I’ve declared: ‘The skillful should be developed.’ And for that there are limitless words, phrasings, and teachings of the Realized One: ‘This is another way of saying that the skillful should be developed.’”
> Pali: Idaṁ kusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā— itipidaṁ kusalanti. Taṁ kho panidaṁ kusalaṁ bhāvetabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā— itipidaṁ kusalaṁ bhāvetabban”ti.
[¶97] And then Upaka son of Maṇḍikā approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right. Then he went up to King Ajātasattu of Magadha, son of the princess of Videha. He told the King of all they had discussed.
> Pali: Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā yena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā yāvatako ahosi bhagavatā saddhiṁ kathāsallāpo taṁ sabbaṁ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa ārocesi.
[¶98] But Ajātasattu became angry and upset, and said to Upaka, “How rude of this salt-maker’s boy! How scurrilous and impudent of him to imagine he could attack the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha! Get out, Upaka, go away! Don’t let me see you again.”
> Pali: Evaṁ vutte, rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto kupito anattamano upakaṁ maṇḍikāputtaṁ etadavoca: “yāva dhaṁsī vatāyaṁ loṇakāradārako yāva mukharo yāva pagabbo yatra hi nāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ āsādetabbaṁ maññissati; apehi tvaṁ, upaka, vinassa, mā taṁ addasan”ti.
[¶99] > Pali: Aṭṭhamaṁ.
[¶100] AN 4.189 · Things to be Realized
> Pali: AN 4.189 · Sacchikaraṇīyasutta
[¶101] “Mendicants, these four things should be realized. What four?
> Pali: “Cattārome, bhikkhave, sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā. Katame cattāro?
[¶102] There are things to be realized with direct meditative experience. There are things to be realized with recollection. There are things to be realized with vision. There are things to be realized with wisdom.
> Pali: Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā.
[¶103] What things are to be realized with direct meditative experience? The eight liberations.
> Pali: Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā? Aṭṭha vimokkhā, bhikkhave, kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā.
[¶104] What things are to be realized with recollection? Past lives.
> Pali: Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā? Pubbenivāso, bhikkhave, satiyā sacchikaraṇīyo.
[¶105] What things are to be realized with vision? The passing away and rebirth of sentient beings.
> Pali: Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā? Sattānaṁ cutūpapāto, bhikkhave, cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyo.
[¶106] What things are to be realized with wisdom? The ending of defilements.
> Pali: Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā? Āsavānaṁ khayo, bhikkhave, paññāya sacchikaraṇīyo.
[¶107] These are the four things to be realized.”
> Pali: Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā”ti.
[¶108] > Pali: Navamaṁ.