1.1. After my description of the votive offerings I must now go on to mention the statues of racehorses and those of men, whether athletes or ordinary folk. Not all the Olympic victors have had their statues erected; some, in fact, who have distinguished themselves, either at the games or by other exploits, have had no statue.
1.1. ἕπεται δέ μοι τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς τὰ ἀναθήματα τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἤδη ποιήσασθαι καὶ ἵππων ἀγωνιστῶν μνήμην καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἀθλητῶν τε καὶ ἰδιωτῶν ὁμοίως. τῶν δὲ νικησάντων Ὀλυμπίασιν οὐχ ἁπάντων εἰσὶν ἑστηκότες ἀνδριάντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποδειξάμενοι λαμπρὰ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ ἄλλοις ἔργοις, ὅμως οὐ τετυχήκασιν εἰκόνων·
1.2. These I am forced to omit by the nature of my work, which is not a list of athletes who have won Olympic victories, but an account of statues and of votive offerings generally. I shall not even record all those whose statues have been set up, as I know how many have before now won the crown of wild olive not by strength but by the chance of the lot. Those only will be mentioned who themselves gained some distinction, or whose statues happened to be better made than others.
1.2. τούτους ἐκέλευσεν ἀφεῖναί με ὁ λόγος, ὅτι οὐ κατάλογός ἐστιν ἀθλητῶν ὁπόσοις γεγόνασιν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, ἀναθημάτων δὲ ἄλλων τε καὶ εἰκόνων συγγραφή. οὐδὲ ὁπόσων ἑστήκασιν ἀνδριάντες, οὐδὲ τούτοις πᾶσιν ἐπέξειμι, ἐπιστάμενος ὅσοι τῷ παραλόγῳ τοῦ κλήρου καὶ οὐχ ὑπὸ ἰσχύος ἀνείλοντο ἤδη τὸν κότινον· ὁπόσοις δὲ ἢ αὐτοῖς ⟨τι⟩ εἶχεν ἐς δόξαν ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἀνδριᾶσιν ὑπῆρχεν ἄμεινον ἑτέρων πεποιῆσθαι, τοσαῦτα καὶ αὐτὸς μνησθήσομαι.
1.3. On the right of the temple of Hera is the statue of a wrestler, Symmachus the son of Aeschylus. He was an Elean by birth. Beside him is Neolaidas, son of Proxenus, from Pheneus in Arcadia, who won a victory in the boys' boxing-match. Next comes Archedamus, son of Xenius, another Elean by birth, who like Symmachus overthrew wrestlers in the contest for boys. The statues of the athletes mentioned above were made by Alypus of Sicyon, pupil of Naucydes of Argos.
1.3. ἔστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς Ἥρας ἀνδρὸς εἰκὼν παλαιστοῦ, γένος δὲ ἦν Ἠλεῖος, Σύμμαχος Αἰσχύλου· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐκ Φενεοῦ τῆς Ἀρκάδων Νεολαΐδας Προξένου, πυγμῆς ἐν παισὶν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην· ἐφεξῆς δὲ Ἀρχέδαμος Ξενίου, καταβαλὼν καὶ οὗτος παλαιστὰς παῖδας, γένος καὶ αὐτὸς Ἠλεῖος. τούτων τῶν κατειλεγμένων εἰργάσατο Ἄλυπος τὰς εἰκόνας Σικυώνιος, Ναυκύδους τοῦ Ἀργείου μαθητής.
1.4. The inscription on Cleogenes the son of Silenus declares that he was a native, and that he won a prize with a riding-horse from his own private stable. Hard by Cleogenes are set up Deinolochus, son of Pyrrhus, and Troilus, son of Alcinous. These also were both Eleans by birth, though their victories were not the same. Troilus, at the time that he was umpire, succeeded in winning victories in the chariot-races, one for a chariot drawn by a full-grown pair and another for a chariot drawn by foals. The date of his victories was the hundred and second Festival.
1.4. Κλεογένην δὲ Σιληνοῦ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησιν εἶναι τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, ἐκ δὲ ἀγέλης αὐτὸν οἰκείας ἵππῳ κρατῆσαι κέλητι. πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Κλεογένους Δεινόλοχός τε κεῖται Πύρρου [τε] καὶ Τρωίλος Ἀλκίνου. τούτοις γένος μὲν καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ἐξ Ἤλιδος, γεγόνασι δέ σφισιν οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ αἱ νῖκαι· ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἑλλανοδικεῖν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἵππων ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας τῷ Τρωίλῳ [δὲ] τελείᾳ τε συνωρίδι καὶ πώλων ἅρματι —Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ἐκράτει δευτέρᾳ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ νόμος ἐγένετο Ἠλείοις μηδὲ ἵππους τοῦ λοιποῦ τῶν ἑλλανοδικούντων καθιέναι μηδένα—, τούτου μὲν δὴ τὸν ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε Λύσιππος·
1.5. After this the Eleans passed a law that in future no umpire was to compete in the chariot-races. The statue of Troilus was made by Lysippus. The mother of Deinolochus had a dream, in which she thought that the son she clasped in her bosom had a crown on his head. For this reason Deinolochus was trained to compete in the games and outran the boys. The artist was Cleon of Sicyon.
1.5. ἡ δὲ τοῦ Δεινολόχου μήτηρ εἶδεν ὄψιν ὀνείρατος ὡς ἔχοιτο τοῦ παιδὸς ἐν τοῖς κόλποις ἐστεφανωμένου, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ὁ Δεινόλοχος ἠσκήθη καὶ τοὺς παῖδας παρέθει τρέχων. Σικυωνίου δὲ Κλέωνός ἐστιν ⟨ἡ⟩ εἰκών.
1.6. As for Cynisca, daughter of Archidamus, her ancestry and Olympic victories, I have given an account thereof in my history of the Lacedaemonian kings. By the side of the statue of Troilus at Olympia has been made a basement of stone, whereon are a chariot and horses, a charioteer, and a statue of Cynisca herself, made by Apelles; there are also inscriptions relating to Cynisca.
1.6. ἐς δὲ τὴν Ἀρχιδάμου Κυνίσκαν, ἐς τὸ γένος τε αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς Ὀλυμπικαῖς νίκαις, πρότερον ἔτι ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς λόγοις οἳ ἐς τοὺς βασιλέας τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίων ἔχουσι· πεποίηται δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ παρὰ τὸν ἀνδριάντα τοῦ Τρωίλου λίθου κρηπὶς καὶ ἅρμα τε ἵππων καὶ ἀνὴρ ἡνίοχος καὶ αὐτῆς Κυνίσκας εἰκών, Ἀπελλοῦ τέχνη, γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ἐπιγράμματα ἐς τὴν Κυνίσκαν ἔχοντα.
1.7. Next to her also have been erected statues of Lacedaemonians. They gained victories in chariot-races. Anaxander was the first of his family to be proclaimed victor with a chariot, but the inscription on him declares that previously his paternal grandfather received the crown for the pentathlum. Anaxander is represented in an attitude of prayer to the god, while Polycles, who gained the surname of Polychalcus, likewise won a victory with a four-horse chariot, and his statue holds a ribbon in the right hand.
1.7. εἰσὶ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἀνακείμενοι τῇ Κυνίσκᾳ, ἵππων νῖκαι γεγόνασιν αὐτοῖς· Ἀνάξανδρος μὲν ἅρματι ἀνηγορεύθη πρῶτος, τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμά φησι τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἀναξάνδρου πρότερον ἔτι στεφανωθῆναι τὸν πατέρα πεντάθλῳ. οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἔοικεν εὐχόμενος τῷ θεῷ, Πολυκλῆς ⟨δὲ⟩ ἐπίκλησιν λαβὼν Πολύχαλκος τεθρίππῳ μὲν καὶ οὗτος ἐκράτησεν, ἡ δὲ εἰκὼν ἐπὶ τῇ χειρὶ ἔχει οἱ τῇ δεξιᾷ ταινίαν·
1.8. Beside him are two children; one holds a wheel and the other is asking for the ribbon. Polycles, as the inscription on him says, also won the chariot-race at Pytho, the Isthmus and Nemea.
1.8. παρὰ δὲ αὐτῷ παιδία δύο τὸ μὲν τροχὸν κατέχει, τὸ δὲ αἰτεῖ τὴν ταινίαν. ἐνίκησε δὲ ὁ Πολυκλῆς ἵπποις, ὡς τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λέγει, καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ τε καὶ Νεμέᾳ.
2.1. The statue of a pancratiast was made by Lysippus. The athlete was the first to win the pancratium not only from Stratus itself but from the whole of Acarnania, and his name was Xenarces the son of Philandrides. Now after the Persian invasion the Lacedaemonians became keener breeders of horses than any other Greeks. For beside those I have already mentioned, the following horse-breeders from Sparta have their statues set up after that of the Acarnanian athlete Xenarces, Lycinus, Arcesilaus, and Lichas his son.
2.1. παγκρατιαστοῦ δὲ ἀνδρὸς τὸν μὲν ἀνδριάντα εἰργάσατο Λύσιππος· ὁ δὲ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἀνείλετο ἐπὶ παγκρατίῳ νίκην τῶν ἄλλων τε Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ τῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς Στράτου πρῶτος Ξενάρκης τε ἐκαλεῖτο Φιλανδρίδου. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄρα μετὰ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου διετέθησαν πάντων φιλοτιμότατα Ἑλλήνων πρὸς ἵππων τροφάς. χωρὶς γὰρ ἢ ὅσους αὐτῶν κατέλεξα ἤδη, τοσοίδε ἄλλοι τῶν ἐκ Σπάρτης ἱπποτρόφων μετὰ τὴν εἰκόνα ἀνάκεινται τοῦ Ἀκαρνᾶνος ἀθλητοῦ, Ξενάρκης καὶ Λυκῖνος Ἀρκεσίλαός τε καὶ ὁ παῖς τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου Λίχας.
2.2. Xenarces succeeded in winning other victories, at Delphi, at Argos and at Corinth. Lycinus brought foals to Olympia, and when one of them was disqualified, entered his foals for the race for full-grown horses, winning with them. He also dedicated two statues at Olympia, works of Myron the Athenian. As for Arcesilaus and his son Lichas, the father won two Olympic victories; his son, because in his time the Lacedaemonians were excluded from the games, entered his chariot in the name of the Theban people, and with his own hands bound the victorious charioteer with a ribbon. For this offence he was scourged by the umpires, and on account of this Lichas the Lacedaemonians invaded Elis in the reign of King Agis, when a battle took place within the Altis.
2.2. Ξενάρκει μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐν Ἄργει τε ὑπῆρξε καὶ ἐν Κορίνθῳ προσανελέσθαι νίκας· Λυκῖνος δὲ ἀγαγὼν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν πώλους, καὶ οὐ δοκιμασθέντος ἑνὸς ἐξ αὐτῶν, καθῆκεν ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον τῶν τελείων τοὺς πώλους καὶ ἐνίκα διʼ αὐτῶν, ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ἀνδριάντας δύο ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, Μύρωνος τοῦ Ἀθηναίου ποιήματα. τῷ δὲ Ἀρκεσιλάῳ καὶ Λίχᾳ τῷ παιδί, τῷ μὲν αὐτῶν γεγόνασι δύο Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, Λίχας δὲ εἰργομένων τηνικαῦτα τοῦ ἀγῶνος Λακεδαιμονίων καθῆκεν ἐπὶ ὀνόματι τοῦ Θηβαίων δήμου τὸ ἅρμα, τὸν δὲ ἡνίοχον νικήσαντα ἀνέδησεν αὐτὸς ταινίᾳ· καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ μαστιγοῦσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι, καὶ διὰ τὸν Λίχαν τοῦτον ἡ κατὰ Ἆγιν βασιλέα ἐπιστρατεία Λακεδαιμονίων ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Ἠλείους καὶ ἐντὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως μάχη.
2.3. When the war was over Lichas set up the statue in this place, but the Elean records of Olympic victors give as the name of the victor, not Lichas, but the Theban people.
2.3. καταπαυσθέντος δὲ τοῦ πολέμου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα ἐνταῦθα ἔστησε, τὰ δὲ Ἠλείων ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας [καὶ] γράμματα οὐ Λίχαν, Θηβαίων δὲ τὸν δῆμον ἔχει νενικηκότα.
2.4. Near Lichas stands an Elean diviner, Thrasybulus, son of Aeneas of the Iamid family, who divined for the Mantineans in their struggle against the Lacedaemonians under Agis, son of Eudamidas, their king. I shall have more to say about this in my account of the Arcadians. On the statue of Thrasybulus is a spotted lizard crawling towards his right shoulder, and by his side lies a dog, obviously a sacrificial victim, cut open and with his liver exposed.
2.4. τοῦ δὲ Λίχα πλησίον μάντις ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος Θρασύβουλος Αἰνέου τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν, ὃς καὶ Μαντινεῦσιν ἐμαντεύσατο ἐναντία Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἄγιδος τοῦ Εὐδαμίδου βασιλέως· ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀρκάδας ἐπέξειμι. τοῦ Θρασυβούλου δὲ τῇ εἰκόνι γαλεώτης πρὸς τὸν ὦμον προσέρπων ἐστὶ τὸν δεξιόν, καὶ κύων ἱερεῖον δὴ παρʼ αὐτῷ κεῖται διατετμημένος τε δίχα καὶ φαίνων τὸ ἧπαρ.
2.5. Divination by kids, lambs or calves has, we all know, been established among men from ancient times, and the Cyprians have even discovered how to practise the art by means of pigs; but no peoples are wont to make any use of dogs in divining. So Thrasybulus apparently established a method of divination peculiar to himself, by means of the entrails of dogs. The diviners called Iamidae are descended from Iamus, who, Pindar says in an ode, was a son of Apollo and received the gift of divination from him.
2.5. μαντικὴ δὲ ἡ μὲν ⟨διʼ⟩ ἐρίφων καὶ ἀρνῶν τε καὶ μόσχων ἐκ παλαιοῦ δήλη καθεστῶσά ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις, Κύπριοι δὲ ὡς καὶ ὑσὶν ἐπεξευρόντες ἔστι μαντεύεσθαι, κυσὶ δὲ οὐδένες ἐπί γε μαντικῆς νομίζουσιν οὐδὲν χρᾶσθαι· ἔοικεν οὖν ἰδίαν τινὰ ὁ Θρασύβουλος ἐπὶ σπλάγχνων μαντικὴν κυνείων καταστήσασθαι. οἱ δʼ Ἰαμίδαι καλούμενοι μάντεις γεγόνασιν ἀπὸ Ἰάμου· τὸν δὲ εἶναι παῖδα Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ λαβεῖν μαντικήν φησιν ἐν ᾄσματι Πίνδαρος.
2.6. By the statue of Thrasybulus stands Timosthenes of Elis, winner of the foot-race for boys, and Antipater of Miletus, son of Cleinopater, conqueror of the boy boxers. Men of Syracuse, who were bringing a sacrifice from Dionysius to Olympia, tried to bribe the father of Antipater to have his son proclaimed as a Syracusan. But Antipater, thinking naught of the tyrant's gifts, proclaimed himself a Milesian and wrote upon his statue that he was of Milesian descent and the first Ionian to dedicate his statue at Olympia.
2.6. παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Θρασυβούλου τὴν εἰκόνα Τιμοσθένης τε Ἠλεῖος ἕστηκε σταδίου νίκην ἐν παισὶν εἰληφὼς καὶ Μιλήσιος Ἀντίπατρος Κλεινοπάτρου παῖδας κατειργασμένος πύκτας. Συρακοσίων δὲ ἄνδρες, ἄγοντες ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν παρὰ Διονυσίου θυσίαν, τὸν πατέρα τοῦ Ἀντιπάτρου χρήμασιν ἀναπείθουσιν ἀναγορευθῆναί οἱ τὸν παῖδα ἐκ Συρακουσῶν· Ἀντίπατρος δὲ ἐν οὐδενὶ τοῦ τυράννου τὰ δῶρα ἡγούμενος ἀνεῖπεν αὑτὸν Μιλήσιον καὶ ἀνέγραψε τῇ εἰκόνι ὡς γένος τε εἴη Μιλήσιος καὶ Ἰώνων ἀναθείη πρῶτος ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν εἰκόνα.
2.7. The artist who made this statue was Polycleitus, while that of Timosthenes was made by Eutychides of Sicyon, a pupil of Lysippus. This Eutychides made for the Syrians on the Orontes an image of Fortune, which is highly valued by the natives.
2.7. τούτου μὲν δὴ Πολύκλειτος τὸν ἀνδριάντα εἰργάσατο, τὸν δὲ Τιμοσθένην Εὐτυχίδης Σικυώνιος παρὰ Λυσίππῳ δεδιδαγμένος· ὁ δὲ Εὐτυχίδης οὗτος καὶ Σύροις τοῖς ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ Τύχης ἐποίησεν ἄγαλμα, μεγάλας παρὰ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἔχον τιμάς.
2.8. In the Altis by the side of Timosthenes are statues of Timon and of his son Aesypus, who is represented as a child seated on a horse. In fact the boy won the horse-race, while Timon was proclaimed victor in the chariot-race. The statues of Timon and of his son were made by Daedalus of Sicyon, who also made for the Eleans the trophy in the Altis commemorating the victory over the Spartans.
2.8. ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἄλτει παρὰ τὸν τοῦ Τιμοσθένους ἀνδριάντα ἀνάκειται Τίμων καὶ ὁ παῖς τοῦ Τίμωνος Αἴσυπος, παιδίον ἐπὶ ἵππῳ καθήμενον· ἔστι γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἡ νίκη τῷ παιδὶ ἵππου κέλητος, ὁ Τίμων δὲ ἐπὶ ἅρματι ἀνηγορεύθη. τῷ δὲ Τίμωνι εἰργάσατο καὶ τῷ παιδὶ τὰς εἰκόνας Δαίδαλος Σικυώνιος, ὃς καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ Λακωνικῇ νίκῃ τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει τρόπαιον ἐποίησεν Ἠλείοις.
2.9. The inscription on the Samian boxer says that his trainer Mycon dedicated the statue and that the Samians are best among the Ionians for athletes and at naval warfare; this is what the inscription says, but it tells us nothing at all about the boxer himself.
2.9. ἐπίγραμμα δὲ τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ Σαμίῳ πύκτῃ τὸν ἀναθέντα μὲν ὅτι ὁ παιδοτρίβης εἴη Μύκων καὶ ὅτι Σάμιοι τὰ ἐς ἀθλητὰς καὶ ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαις εἰσὶν Ἰώνων ἄριστοι, τάδε μὲν λέγει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα, ἐς δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν πύκτην ἐσήμαινεν οὐδέν.
2.10. Beside this is the Messenian Damiscus, who won an Olympic victory at the age of twelve. I was exceedingly surprised to learn that while the Messenians were in exile from the Peloponnesus, their luck at the Olympic games failed. For with the exception of Leontiscus and Symmachus, who came from Messene on the Strait, we know of no Messenian, either from Sicily or from Naupactus, who won a victory at Olympia. Even these two are said by the Sicilians to have been not Messenians but of old Zanclean blood.
2.10. παρὰ δὲ Μεσσήνιος Δαμίσκος, ὃς δύο γεγονὼς ἔτη καὶ δέκα ἐνίκησεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. θαῦμα δὲ εἴπερ ἄλλο τι καὶ τόδε ἐποιησάμην· Μεσσηνίους γὰρ ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φεύγοντας ἐπέλιπεν ἡ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τύχη τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν. ὅτι γὰρ μὴ Λεοντίσκος καὶ Σύμμαχος τῶν ἐπὶ πορθμῷ Μεσσηνίων, ἄλλος γε οὐδεὶς Μεσσήνιος οὔτε Σικελιώτης οὔτʼ ἐκ Ναυπάκτου δῆλός ἐστιν Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην· εἶναι δὲ οἱ Σικελιῶται καὶ τούτους τῶν ἀρχαίων Ζαγκλαίων καὶ οὐ Μεσσηνίους φασί.
2.11. However, when the Messenians came back to the Peloponnesus their luck in the Olympic games came with them. For at the festival celebrated by the Eleans in the year after the settlement of Messene, the foot-race for boys was won by this Damiscus, who afterwards won in the pentathlum both at Nemea and at the Isthmus.
2.11. συγκατῆλθε μέντοι Μεσσηνίοις ἐς Πελοπόννησον καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τύχη τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν· ἐνιαυτῷ γὰρ ὕστερον τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ τοῦ Μεσσήνης ἀγόντων Ὀλύμπια Ἠλείων ἐνίκα στάδιον παῖδας ὁ Δαμίσκος οὗτος, καί οἱ καὶ πενταθλήσαντι ὕστερον ἐγένοντο ἐν Νεμέᾳ τε νῖκαι καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ.
3.1. Nearest to Damiscus stands a statue of somebody; they do not give his name, but it was Ptolemy son of Lagus who set up the offering. In the inscription Ptolemy calls himself a Macedonian, though he was king of Egypt. On Chaereas of Sicyon, a boy boxer, is an inscription that he won a victory when a young man, and that his father was Chaeremon; the name of the artist who made the statue is also written, Asterion son of Aeschylus.
3.1. Δαμίσκου δὲ ἐγγύτατα ἕστηκεν ἀνὴρ ὅστις δή, τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα οὐ λέγουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, Πτολεμαίου δὲ ἀνάθημά ἐστι τοῦ Λάγου· Μακεδόνα δὲ αὑτὸν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἐν τῷ ἐπιγράμματι ἐκάλεσε, βασιλεύων ὅμως Αἰγύπτου. Χαιρέᾳ δὲ Σικυωνίῳ πύκτῃ παιδὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ὡς νικήσειεν ἡλικίαν νέος καὶ ὡς πατρὸς εἴη Χαιρήμονος, γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ὁ τὸν ἀνδριάντα εἰργασμένος Ἀστερίων Αἰσχύλου.
3.2. After Chaereas are statues of a Messenian boy Sophius and of Stomius, a man of Elis. Sophius outran his boy competitors, and Stomius won a victory in the pentathlum at Olympia and three at the Nemean games. The inscription on his statue adds that, when commander of the Elean cavalry, he set up trophies and killed in single combat the general of the enemy, who had challenged him.
3.2. μετὰ δὲ τὸν Χαιρέαν Μεσσήνιός τε παῖς Σόφιος καὶ ἀνὴρ Ἠλεῖος ἀνάκειται Στόμιος, καὶ τῷ μὲν τοὺς συνθέοντας τῶν παίδων παρελθεῖν, Στομίῳ δὲ πενταθλοῦντι ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας. τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τάδε ἐπιλέγει, τῆς ἵππου τε Ἠλείοις αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον ἀναστῆσαι τρόπαια καὶ ἄνδρα τοῖς πολεμίοις στρατηγοῦντα ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Στομίου, μονομαχήσαντά οἱ κατὰ πρόκλησιν·
3.3. The Eleans say that the dead general was a native of Sicyon in command of Sicyonian troops, and that they themselves with the force from Boeotia attacked Sicyon out of friendship to the Thebans. So the attack of the Eleans and Thebans against Sicyon apparently took place after the Lacedaemonian disaster at Leuctra.
3.3. εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐκ Σικυῶνος οἱ Ἠλεῖοί φασι καὶ ἄρχειν Σικυωνίων, στρατεῦσαι δὲ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα αὐτοὶ φιλίᾳ Θηβαίων ὁμοῦ τῇ ἐκ Βοιωτίας δυνάμει. φαίνοιτο ἂν οὖν ἡ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα Ἠλείων καὶ Θηβαίων στρατεία γεγενῆσθαι μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις.
3.4. Next stands the statue of a boxer from Lepreus in Elis, whose name was Labax son of Euphron, and also that of Aristodemus, son of Thrasis, a boxer from Elis itself, who also won two victories at Pytho. The statue of Aristodemus is the work of Daedalus of Sicyon, the pupil and son of Patrocles.
3.4. ἐφεξῆς δὲ ἀνάκειται μὲν πύκτης ἐκ Λεπρέου τοῦ Ἠλείων, Λάβαξ Εὔφρονος, ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἤλιδος παλαιστὴς ἀνὴρ Ἀριστόδημος Θράσιδος· γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Πυθοῖ δύο νῖκαι, ἡ δὲ εἰκών ἐστι τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου τέχνη Δαιδάλου τοῦ Σικυωνίου, μαθητοῦ καὶ πατρὸς Πατροκλέους.
3.5. The statue of Hippus of Elis, who won the boys' boxing-match, was made by Damocritus of Sicyon, of the school of Attic Critias, being removed from him by four generations of teachers. For Gritias himself taught Ptolichus of Corcyra, Amphion was the pupil of Ptolichus, and taught Pison of Calaureia, who was the teacher of Damocritus.
3.5. Ἵππον δὲ Ἠλεῖον πυγμῇ παῖδας κρατήσαντα ἐποίησε Δαμόκριτος Σικυώνιος, ὃς ἐς πέμπτον διδάσκαλον ἀνῄει τὸν Ἀττικὸν Κριτίαν· Πτόλιχος μὲν γὰρ ἔμαθεν ὁ Κορκυραῖος παρʼ αὐτῷ Κριτίᾳ, Πτολίχου δὲ ἦν μαθητὴς Ἀμφίων, Πίσων δὲ ἀνὴρ ἐκ Καλαυρείας ἐδιδάχθη παρʼ Ἀμφίονι, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τῷ Πίσωνι Δαμόκριτος.
3.6. Cratinus of Aegeira in Achaia was the most handsome man of his time and the most skilful wrestler, and when he won the wrestling-match for boys the Eleans allowed him to set up a statue of his trainer as well. The statue was made by Cantharus of Sicyon, whose father was Alexis, while his teacher was Eutychides.
3.6. Κρατῖνος δὲ ἐξ Αἰγείρας τῆς Ἀχαιῶν τότε ἐγένετο κάλλιστος τῶν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ σὺν τέχνῃ μάλιστα ἐπάλαισε, καταπαλαίσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ τοὺς παῖδας προσαναστῆσαι καὶ τὸν παιδοτρίβην ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἐδόθη· τὸν δὲ ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε Σικυώνιος Κάνθαρος, Ἀλέξιδος μὲν πατρός, διδασκάλου δὲ ὢν Εὐτυχίδου.
3.7. The statue of Eupolemus of Elis was made by Daedalus of Sicyon. The inscription on it informs us that Eupolemus won the foot-race for men at Olympia, and that he also received two Pythian crowns for the pentathlum and another at the Nemean games. It is also said of Eupolemus that three umpires stood on the course, of whom two gave their verdict in favour of Eupolemus and one declared the winner to be Leon the Ambraciot. Leon, they say, got the Olympic Council to fine each of the umpires who had decided in favour of Eupolemus.
3.7. Εὐπολέμου δὲ Ἠλείου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα Σικυώνιος εἴργασται Δαίδαλος· τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηνύει σταδίου μὲν ἀνδρῶν Ὀλυμπίασι νίκην ἀνελέσθαι τὸν Εὐπόλεμον, εἶναι δὲ καὶ δύο Πυθικοὺς αὐτῷ πεντάθλου στεφάνους καὶ ἄλλον Νεμείων. λέγεται δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐπολέμῳ καὶ τάδε, ὡς ἐφεστήκοιεν τρεῖς ἐπὶ τῷ δρόμῳ [τῷ πέρατι] Ἑλλανοδίκαι, νικᾶν δὲ τῷ μὲν Εὐπολέμῳ δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν δοῖεν, ὁ τρίτος δὲ Ἀμβρακιώτῃ Λέοντι, καὶ ὡς χρημάτων καταδικάσαιτο ὁ Λέων ἐπὶ τῆς Ὀλυμπικῆς βουλῆς ἑκατέρου τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν οἳ νικᾶν τὸν Εὐπόλεμον ἔγνωσαν.
3.8. The statue of Oebotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad, but Oebotas won his victory in the footrace at the sixth Festival. How, therefore, could Oebotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea? For it was in the seventy-fifth Olympiad that the Persians under Mardonius suffered their disaster at Plataea. Now I am obliged to report the statements made by the Greeks, though I am not obliged to believe them all. The other incidents in the life of Oebotas I will add to my history of Achaia.
3.8. Οἰβώτα δὲ τὸν μὲν ἀνδριάντα Ἀχαιοὶ κατὰ πρόσταγμα ἀνέθεσαν τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς Ἀπόλλωνος ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδος ὀγδοηκοστῆς· ἡ δὲ τοῦ σταδίου νίκη τῷ Οἰβώτᾳ γέγονεν Ὀλυμπιάδι ἕκτῃ. πῶς ἂν οὖν τήν γε ἐν Πλαταιαῖς μάχην μεμαχημένος ὁ Οἰβώτας εἴη μετὰ Ἑλλήνων; πέμπτῃ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῇ ἑβδομηκοστῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι τὸ πταῖσμα ἐγένετο ⟨τὸ⟩ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς Μαρδονίῳ καὶ Μήδοις. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν λέγειν μὲν τὰ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων λεγόμενα ἀνάγκη, πείθεσθαι δὲ πᾶσιν οὐκέτι ἀνάγκη. τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ὁποῖα τὰ συμβάντα ἦν ἐς τὸν Οἰβώταν, τῇ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς προσέσται μοι συγγραφῇ.
3.9. The statue of Antiochus was made by Nicodamus. A native of Lepreus, Antiochus won once at Olympia the pancratium for men, and the pentathlum twice at the Isthmian games and twice at the Nemean. For the Lepreans are not afraid of the Isthmian games as the Eleans themselves are. For example, Hysmon of Elis, whose statue stands near that of Antiochus, competed successfully in the pentathlum both at Olympia and at Nemea, but clearly kept away, just like other Eleans, from the Isthmian games.
3.9. Ἀντιόχου δὲ ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε μὲν Νικόδαμος, γένος δὲ ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἦν ἐκ Λεπρέου· παγκρατίῳ δὲ ἄνδρας ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ μὲν ἐκράτησεν ἅπαξ, ἐν Ἰσθμῷ δὲ καὶ Νεμέᾳ δὶς πεντάθλῳ ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι. οὐ γάρ τι Ἰσθμίων Λεπρεάταις δεῖμα ὥσπερ γε αὐτοῖς ἐστιν Ἠλείοις, ἐπεὶ Ὕσμωνί γε τῷ Ἠλείῳ—πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Ἀντιόχου καὶ Ὕσμων οὗτος ἕστηκε—τούτῳ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἀθλήσαντι πένταθλον ἥ τε Ὀλυμπικὴ νίκη καὶ Νεμείων γέγονεν ἡ ἑτέρα, Ἰσθμίων δὲ δῆλα ὡς καὶ οὗτος κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἠλείοις τοῖς ἄλλοις εἴργετο.
3.10. It is said that when Hysmon was still a boy he was attacked by a flux in his muscles, and it was in order that by hard exercise he might be a healthy man free from disease that he practised the pentathlum. So his training was also to make him win famous victories in the games. His statue is the work of Cleon, and he holds jumping-weights of old pattern.
3.10. λέγεται δὲ παιδὶ ἔτι ὄντι τῷ Ὕσμωνι κατασκῆψαι ῥεῦμα ἐς τὰ νεῦρα, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ μελετῆσαι πένταθλον, ἵνα δὴ ἐκ τῶν πόνων ὑγιής τε καὶ ἄνοσος ἀνὴρ εἴη· τῷ δὲ ἄρα τὸ μάθημα καὶ νίκας ἔμελλεν ἐπιφανεῖς οὕτω παρασκευάσειν. ὁ δὲ ἀνδριὰς αὐτῷ Κλέωνος μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, ἔχει δὲ ἁλτῆρας ἀρχαίους.
3.11. After Hysmon comes the statue of a boy wrestler from Heraea in Arcadia, Nicostratus the son of Xenocleides. Pantias was the artist, and if you count the teachers you will find five between him and Aristocles of Sicyon. Dicon, the son of Callibrotus, won five footraces at Pytho, three at the Isthmian games, four at Nemea, one at Olympia in the race for boys besides two in the men's race. Statues of him have been set up at Olympia equal in number to the races he won. When he was a boy he was proclaimed a native of Caulonia, as in fact he was. But afterwards he was bribed to proclaim himself a Syracusan.
3.11. μετὰ δὲ Ὕσμωνα παλαιστὴς παῖς ἐξ Ἡραίας ἀνάκειται τῆς Ἀρκάδων, Νικόστρατος Ξενοκλείδου· Παντίας δὲ αὐτῷ τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησεν, ὃς ἀπὸ Ἀριστοκλέους τοῦ Σικυωνίου καταριθμουμένῳ τοὺς διδαχθέντας ἕβδομος ἀπὸ τούτου ⟨ἦν⟩ μαθητής. Δίκων δὲ ὁ Καλλιβρότου πέντε μὲν Πυθοῖ δρόμου νίκας, τρεῖς δὲ ἀνείλετο Ἰσθμίων, τέσσαρας δὲ ἐν Νεμέᾳ, καὶ Ὀλυμπικὰς μίαν μὲν ἐν παισί, δύο δὲ ἄλλας ἀνδρῶν· καί οἱ καὶ ἀνδριάντες ἴσοι ταῖς νίκαις εἰσὶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. παιδὶ μὲν δὴ ὄντι αὐτῷ Καυλωνιάτῃ, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἦν, ὑπῆρξεν ἀναγορευθῆναι· τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου Συρακούσιον αὑτὸν ἀνηγόρευσεν ἐπὶ χρήμασι.
3.12. Caulonia was a colony in Italy founded by Achaeans, and its founder was Typhon of Aegium. When Pyrrhus son of Aeacides and the Tarentines were at war with the Romans, several cities in Italy were destroyed, either by the Romans or by the Epeirots, and these included Caulonia, whose fate it was to be utterly laid waste, having been taken by the Campanians, who formed the largest contingent of allies on the Roman side.
3.12. Καυλωνία δὲ ἀπῳκίσθη μὲν ἐς Ἰταλίαν ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν, οἰκιστὴς δὲ ἐγένετο αὐτῆς Τύφων Αἰγιεύς· Πύρρου δὲ τοῦ Αἰακίδου καὶ Ταραντίνων ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον καταστάντων ἄλλαι τε τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ πόλεων ἐγένοντο αἱ μὲν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αἱ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἀνάστατοι, κατέλαβε δὲ ἐς ἅπαν ἐρημωθῆναι καὶ τὴν Καυλωνίαν ἁλοῦσαν ὑπὸ Καμπανῶν, οἳ Ῥωμαίοις μεγίστη τοῦ συμμαχικοῦ μοῖρα ἦσαν.
3.13. Close to Dicon is a statue of Xenophon, the son of Menephylus, a pancratiast of Aegium in Achaia, and likewise one of Pyrilampes of Ephesus after winning the long foot-race. Olympus made the statue of Xenophon; that of Pyrilampes was made by a sculptor of the same name, a native, not of Sicyon, but of Messene beneath Ithome.
3.13. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Δίκωνι ἀνάκειται μὲν Ξενοφῶν Μενεφύλου παγκρατιαστὴς ἀνὴρ ἐξ Αἰγίου τῆς Ἀχαιῶν, ἀνάκειται δὲ Πυριλάμπης Ἐφέσιος λαβὼν δολίχου νίκην. τοῦ μὲν δὴ τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησεν Ὄλυμπος, Πυριλάμπει δὲ ὁμώνυμος καὶ ὁ πλάστης, γένος δὲ οὐ Σικυώνιος, ἀλλὰ ἐκ Μεσσήνης τῆς ὑπὸ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ.
3.14. A statue of Lysander, son of Aristocritus, a Spartan, was dedicated in Olympia by the Samians, and the first of their inscriptions runs:In the much-seen precinct of Zeus, ruler on high,I stand, dedicated at public expense by the Samians.So this inscription informs us who dedicated the statue; the next is in praise of Lysander himself:Deathless glory by thy achievements, for fatherland and for Aristocritus,Lysander, hast thou won, and art famed for valour.
3.14. Λύσανδρον δὲ τὸν Ἀριστοκρίτου Σπαρτιάτην ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Σάμιοι, καὶ αὐτοῖς τὸ μὲν πρότερον τῶν ἐπιγραμμάτων ἐστὶνἐν πολυθαήτῳ τεμένει Διὸς ὑψιμέδοντοςἕστηκʼ ἀνθέντων δημοσίᾳ Σαμίων·τοῦτο μὲν δὴ τοὺς τὸ ἀνάθημα ἀναθέντας μηνύει, τὸ δʼ ἐφεξῆς ἐς αὐτὸν ἔπαινός ἐστι Λύσανδρον·ἀθάνατον πάτρᾳ καὶ Ἀριστοκρίτῳ κλέος ἔργων,Λύσανδρʼ, ἐκτελέσας δόξαν ἔχεις ἀρετᾶς.δῆλοι οὖν εἰσιν οἵ τε Σάμιοι καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι Ἴωνες, κατὰ τὸ λεγόμενον ὑπʼ αὐτῶν Ἰώνων, τοὺς τοίχους τοὺς δύο ἐπαλείφοντες.
3.15. So plainly “the Samians and the rest of the Ionians,” as the Ionians themselves phrase it, painted both the walls. For when Alcibiades had a strong fleet of Athenian triremes along the coast of Ionia, most of the Ionians paid court to him, and there is a bronze statue of Alcibiades dedicated by the Samians in the temple of Hera. But when the Attic ships were captured at Aegospotami, the Samians set up a statue of Lysander at Olympia, and the Ephesians set up in the sanctuary of Artemis not only a statue of Lysander himself but also statues of Eteonicus, Pharax and other Spartans quite unknown to the Greek world generally.
3.15. Ἀλκιβιάδου μέν γε τριήρεσιν Ἀθηναίων περὶ Ἰωνίαν ἰσχύοντος ἐθεράπευον αὐτὸν Ἰώνων οἱ πολλοί, καὶ εἰκὼν Ἀλκιβιάδου χαλκῆ παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ [τῇ] Σαμίων ἐστὶν ἀνάθημα· ὡς δὲ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ἑάλωσαν αἱ ναῦς αἱ Ἀττικαί, Σάμιοι μὲν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τὸν Λύσανδρον, Ἐφέσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνετίθεσαν τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος Λύσανδρόν τε αὐτὸν καὶ Ἐτεόνικον καὶ Φάρακα καὶ ἄλλους Σπαρτιατῶν ἥκιστα ἔς γε τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν γνωρίμους.
3.16. But when fortune changed again, and Conon had won the naval action off Cnidus and the mountain called Dorium, the Ionians likewise changed their views, and there are to be seen statues in bronze of Conon and of Timotheus both in the sanctuary of Hera in Samos and also in the sanctuary of the Ephesian goddess at Ephesus. It is always the same; the Ionians merely follow the example of all the world in paying court to strength.
3.16. μεταπεσόντων δὲ αὖθις τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ Κόνωνος κεκρατηκότος τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ Κνίδον καὶ ὄρος τὸ Δώριον ὀνομαζόμενον, οὕτω μετεβάλλοντο οἱ Ἴωνες, καὶ Κόνωνα ἀνακείμενον χαλκοῦν καὶ Τιμόθεον ἐν Σάμῳ τε ἔστιν ἰδεῖν παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἐν Ἐφέσῳ παρὰ τῇ Ἐφεσίᾳ θεῷ. ταῦτα μέν ἐστιν ἔχοντα οὕτω τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον, καὶ Ἴωσιν ὡσαύτως οἱ πάντες ἄνθρωποι θεραπεύουσι τὰ ὑπερέχοντα τῇ ἰσχύι.
4.1. Next to the statue of Lysander is an Ephesian boxer who beat the other boys, his competitors—his name was Athenaeus,—and also a man of Sicyon who was a pancratiast, Sostratus surnamed Acrochersites. For he used to grip his antagonist by the fingers and bend them, and would not let go until he saw that his opponent had given in.
4.1. ἔχεται δὲ τοῦ Λυσάνδρου τῆς εἰκόνος Ἐφέσιός τε πύκτης τοὺς ἐλθόντας κρατήσας τῶν παίδων—ὄνομα δέ οἱ ἦν Ἀθήναιος—καὶ Σικυώνιος Σώστρατος παγκρατιαστὴς ἀνήρ, ἐπίκλησις δὲ ἦν Ἀκροχερσίτης αὐτῷ· παραλαμβανόμενος γὰρ ἄκρων τοῦ ἀνταγωνιζομένου τῶν χειρῶν ἔκλα, καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἀνίει πρὶν ἢ αἴσθοιτο ἀπαγορεύσαντος.
4.2. He won at the Nemean and Isthmian games combined twelve victories, three victories at Olympia and two at Pytho. The hundred and fourth Festival, when Sostratus won his first victory, is not reckoned by the Eleans, because the games were held by the Pisans and Arcadians and not by themselves.
4.2. γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτῷ Νεμείων μὲν νῖκαι καὶ Ἰσθμίων ἀναμὶξ δυόδεκα, Ὀλυμπίασι δὲ καὶ Πυθοῖ, τῇ μὲν δύο, τρεῖς δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. τὴν τετάρτην δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκατόν—πρώτην γὰρ δὴ ἐνίκησεν ὁ Σώστρατος ταύτην—οὐκ ἀναγράφουσιν οἱ Ἠλεῖοι, διότι μὴ αὐτοὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀλλὰ Πισαῖοι καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἔθεσαν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν.
4.3. Beside Sostratus is a statue of Leontiscus, a man wrestler, a native of Sicily from Messene on the Strait. He was crowned, they say, by the Amphictyons and twice by the Eleans, and his mode of wrestling was similar to the pancratium of Sostratus the Sicyonian. For they say that Leontiscus did not know how to throw his opponents, but won by bending their fingers.
4.3. παρὰ δὲ τὸν Σώστρατον παλαιστὴς ἀνὴρ πεποίηται Λεοντίσκος, ἐκ Σικελίας τε ὢν γένος καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ πορθμῷ Μεσσήνης· στεφανωθῆναι δὲ ὑπό τε Ἀμφικτυόνων καὶ δὶς ὑπὸ Ἠλείων, εἶναι δὲ αὐτῷ λέγεται τὴν πάλην καθὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ παγκράτιον τῷ Σικυωνίῳ Σωστράτῳ· καὶ γὰρ τὸν Λεοντίσκον καταβαλεῖν μὲν οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι τοὺς παλαίοντας, νικᾶν δὲ αὐτὸν κλῶντα τοὺς δακτύλους.
4.4. The statue was made by Pythagoras of Rhegium, an excellent sculptor if ever there was one. They say that he studied under Clearchus, who was likewise a native of Rhegium, and a pupil of Eucheirus. Eucheirus, it is said, was a Corinthian, and attended the school of Syadras and Chartas, men of Sparta.
4.4. τὸν δὲ ἀνδριάντα Πυθαγόρας ἐποίησεν ὁ Ῥηγῖνος, εἴπερ τις καὶ ἄλλος ἀγαθὸς τὰ ἐς πλαστικήν. διδαχθῆναι δὲ παρὰ Κλεάρχῳ φασὶν αὐτόν, Ῥηγίνῳ μὲν καὶ αὐτῷ, μαθητῇ δὲ Εὐχείρου· τὸν δὲ Εὔχειρον εἶναι Κορίνθιον, φοιτῆσαι δὲ ὡς Συάδραν τε καὶ Χάρταν Σπαρτιάτας.
4.5. The boy who is binding his head with a fillet must be mentioned in my account because of Pheidias and his great skill as a sculptor, but we do not know whose portrait the statue is that Pheidias made. Satyrus of Elis, son of Lysianax, of the clan of the Iamidae, won five victories at Nemea for boxing, two at Pytho, and two at Olympia. The artist who made the statue was Silanion, an Athenian. Polycles, another sculptor of the Attic school, a pupil of Stadieus the Athenian, has made the statue of an Ephesian boy pancratiast, Amyntas the son of Hellanicus.
4.5. ὁ δὲ παῖς ὁ ἀναδούμενος ταινίᾳ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐπεισήχθω μοι καὶ οὗτος ἐς τὸν λόγον Φειδίου τε ἕνεκα καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ἀγάλματα τοῦ Φειδίου σοφίας, ἐπεὶ ἄλλως γε οὐκ ἴσμεν ὅτου τὴν εἰκόνα ὁ Φειδίας ἐποίησε. Σάτυρος δὲ Ἠλεῖος Λυσιάνακτος πατρός, γένους δὲ τοῦ Ἰαμιδῶν, ἐν Νεμέᾳ πεντάκις ἐνίκησε πυκτεύων καὶ Πυθοῖ τε δὶς καὶ δὶς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ· τέχνη δὲ Ἀθηναίου Σιλανίωνος ὁ ἀνδριάς ἐστι. πλάστης δὲ ἄλλος τῶν Ἀττικῶν Πολυκλῆς, Σταδιέως μαθητὴς Ἀθηναίου, πεποίηκε παῖδα Ἐφέσιον παγκρατιαστήν, Ἀμύνταν Ἑλλανίκου.
4.6. Chilon, an Achaean of Patrae, won two prizes for men wrestlers at Olympia, one at Delphi, four at the Isthmus and three at the Nemean games. He was buried at the public expense by the Achaeans, and his fate it was to lose his life on the field of battle. My statement is borne out by the inscription at Olympia:In wrestling only I alone conquered twice the men at Olympia and at Pytho,Thrice at Nemea, and four times at the Isthmus near the sea;Chilon of Patrae, son of Chilon, whom the Achaean folkBuried for my valour when I died in battle.
4.6. Χίλωνι δὲ Ἀχαιῷ Πατρεῖ δύο μὲν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι πάλης ἀνδρῶν, μία δὲ ἐγένετο ἐν Δελφοῖς, τέσσαρες δὲ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς· ἐτάφη δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, καί οἱ καὶ τοῦ βίου συνέπεσεν ⟨ἐν⟩ πολέμῳ τὴν τελευτὴν γενέσθαι. μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ·μουνοπάλης νικῶ δὶς Ὀλύμπια Πύθιά τʼ ἄνδρας,τρὶς Νεμέᾳ, τετράκις δʼ Ἰσθμῷ ἐν ἀγχιάλῳ,⟨Χίλων⟩ Χίλωνος Πατρεύς, ὃν λαὸς Ἀχαιῶνἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον θάψʼ ἀρετῆς ἕνεκεν.τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν·
4.7. Thus much is plain from the inscription. But the date of Lysippus, who made the statue, leads me to infer about the war in which Chilon fell, that plainly either he marched to Chaeroneia with the whole of the Achaeans, or else his personal courage and daring led him alone of the Achaeans to fight against the Macedonians under Antipater at the battle of Lamia in Thessaly.
4.7. εἰ δὲ Λυσίππου τοῦ ποιήσαντος τὴν εἰκόνα τεκμαιρόμενον τῇ ἡλικίᾳ συμβαλέσθαι δεῖ με τὸν πόλεμον ἔνθα ὁ Χίλων ἔπεσεν, ἤτοι ἐς Χαιρώνειαν Ἀχαιοῖς τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμοῦ στρατεύσασθαι ⟨ἢ⟩ ἰδίᾳ κατʼ ἀρετήν τε καὶ τόλμαν Ἀχαιῶν μόνος Ἀντιπάτρου μοι καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐναντία ἀγωνίσασθαι περὶ Λάμιαν φαίνεται τὴν ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ.
4.8. Next to Chilon two statues have been set up. One is that of a man named Molpion, who, says the inscription, was crowned by the Eleans. The other statue bears no inscription, but tradition says that it represents Aristotle from Stageira in Thrace, and that it was set up either by a pupil or else by some soldier aware of Aristotle's influence with Antipater and at an earlier date with Alexander. Sodamas from Assos in the Troad, a city at the foot of Ida, was the first of the Aeolians in this district to win at Olympia the foot-race for boys.
4.8. ἐφεξῆς δὲ τοῦ Χίλωνος ⟨δύο⟩ ἀνάκεινται· τῷ μὲν Μολπίων ἐστὶν ὄνομα, στεφανωθῆναι δὲ τὸ ἐπίγραμμά φησιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων· τὸν δὲ ἕτερον, ὅτῳ μηδέν ἐστιν ἐπίγραμμα, μνημονεύουσιν ὡς Ἀριστοτέλης ἐστὶν ὁ ἐκ τῶν Θρᾳκίων Σταγείρων, καὶ αὐτὸν ἤτοι μαθητὴς ἢ καὶ στρατιωτικὸς ἀνέθηκεν ἀνὴρ ἅτε παρὰ Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ πρότερον ἰσχύσαντα παρὰ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ.
4.9. By the side of Sodamas stands Archidamus, son of Agesilaus, king of the Lacedaemonians. Before this Archidamus no king, so far as I could learn, had his statue set up by the Lacedaemonians, at least outside the boundaries of the country. They sent the statue of Archidamus to Olympia chiefly, in my opinion, on account of his death, because he met his end in a foreign land, and is the only king in Sparta who is known to have missed burial.
4.9. Σωδάμας δὲ ἐξ Ἀσσοῦ τῆς ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι, κειμένης δὲ ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ, πρῶτος Αἰολέων τῶν ταύτῃ στάδιον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν. παρὰ δὲ Σωδάμαν Ἀρχίδαμος ἕστηκεν ὁ Ἀγησιλάου, Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεύς. πρὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου τούτου βασιλέως εἰκόνα οὐδενὸς ἔν γε τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίους ἀναθέντας εὕρισκον· Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ ἄλλων τε καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕνεκα ἀνδριάντα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀπέστειλαν, ὅτι ἐν βαρβάρῳ τε ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν τὸ χρεὼν καὶ βασιλέων μόνος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ δῆλός ἐστιν ἁμαρτὼν τάφου.
4.10. I have spoken at greater length on this matter in my account of Sparta. Euanthes of Cyzicus won prizes for boxing, one among the men at Olympia, and also among the boys at the Nemean and at the Isthmian games. By the side of Euanthes is the statue of a horse-breeder and his chariot; mounted on the chariot is a young maid. The man's name is Lampus, and his native city was the last to be founded in Macedonia, named after its founder Philip, son of Amyntas.
4.10. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς Σπαρτιατικοῖς λόγοις ἐς πλέον ἡμῖν δεδήλωται· Εὐάνθει δὲ Κυζικηνῷ γεγόνασι πυγμῆς νῖκαι, μία μὲν ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ὀλυμπική, Νεμείων δὲ ἐν παισὶ καὶ Ἰσθμίων. πεποίηται δὲ παρὰ τὸν Εὐάνθην ἀνήρ τε ἱπποτρόφος καὶ τὸ ἅρμα, ἀναβεβηκυῖα δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα παῖς παρθένος· ὄνομα μὲν Λάμπος τῷ ἀνδρί, πατρὶς δὲ ἦν αὐτῷ νεωτάτη τῶν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ πόλεων, καλουμένη δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου.
4.11. The statue of Cyniscus, the boy boxer from Mantinea, was made by Polycleitus. Ergoteles, the son of Philanor, won two victories in the long foot-race at Olympia, and two at Pytho, the Isthmus and Nemea. The inscription on the statue states that he came originally from Himera; but it is said that this is incorrect, and that be was a Cretan from Cnossus. Expelled from Cnossus by a political party he came to Himera, was given citizenship and won many honors besides. It was accordingly natural for him to be proclaimed at the games as a native of Himera.
4.11. Κυνίσκῳ δὲ τῷ ἐκ Μαντινείας πύκτῃ παιδὶ ἐποίησε Πολύκλειτος τὴν εἰκόνα. Ἐργοτέλης δὲ ὁ Φιλάνορος δολίχου δύο ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκας, τοσαύτας δὲ ἄλλας Πυθοῖ καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ τε καὶ Νεμείων ἀνῃρημένος, οὐχ Ἱμεραῖος εἶναι τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, καθάπερ γε τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησι, Κρὴς δὲ εἶναι λέγεται Κνώσσιος· ἐκπεσὼν δὲ ὑπὸ στασιωτῶν ἐκ Κνωσσοῦ καὶ ἐς Ἱμέραν ἀφικόμενος πολιτείας τʼ ἔτυχε καὶ πολλὰ εὕρετο ἄλλα ἐς τιμήν. ἔμελλεν οὖν ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς Ἱμεραῖος ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἀναγορευθήσεσθαι.
5.1. The statue on the high pedestal is the work of Lysippus, and it represents the tallest of all men except those called heroes and any other mortal race that may have existed before the heroes. But this man, Pulydamas the son of Nicias, is the tallest of our own era.
5.1. ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ τῷ ὑψηλᾷ Λυσίππου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, μέγιστος δὲ ἁπάντων ἐγένετο ἀνθρώπων πλὴν τῶν ἡρώων καλουμένων καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ἦν πρὸ τῶν ἡρώων θνητὸν γένος· ἀνθρώπων δὲ τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ μέγιστος Πουλυδάμας Νικίου.
5.2. Scotussa, the native city of Pulydamas, has now no inhabitants, for Alexander the tyrant of Pherae seized it in time of truce. It happened that an assembly of the citizens was being held, and those who were assembled in the theater the tyrant surrounded with targeteers and archers, and shot them all down; all the other grown men he massacred, selling the women and children as slaves in order to pay his mercenaries.
5.2. Σκοτοῦσσα δὲ ἡ τοῦ Πουλυδάμαντας πατρὶς οὐκ ᾠκεῖτο ἔτι ἐφʼ ἡμῶν· Ἀλέξανδρος γὰρ τὴν πόλιν ὁ Φεραίων τυραννήσας κατέλαβεν ἐν σπονδαῖς, καὶ Σκοτουσσαίων τούς τε ἐς τὸ θέατρον συνειλεγμένους—ἔτυχε γάρ σφισι καὶ ἐκκλησία τηνικαῦτα οὖσα—τούτους τε ἅπαντας κατηκόντισε, πελτασταῖς ἐν κύκλῳ περισχὼν καὶ τοξόταις, καὶ τὸ ἄλλο ὅσον ἐν ἡλικίᾳ κατεφόνευσε, γυναῖκας δὲ ἀπέδοτο καὶ παῖδας, μισθὸν εἶναι τὰ χρήματα τοῖς ξένοις.
5.3. This disaster befell Scotussa when Phrasicleides was archon at Athens, in the hundred and second Olympiad, when Damon of Thurii was victor for the second time, and in the second year of this Olympiad. The people that escaped remained but for a while, for later they too were forced by their destitution to leave the city, when Heaven brought a second calamity in the war with Macedonia.
5.3. αὕτη Σκοτουσσαίοις ἡ συμφορὰ Φρασικλείδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐγένετο ἄρχοντος, δευτέρᾳ δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκατόν, ἣν Δάμων Θούριος ἐνίκα τὸ δεύτερον, ταύτης ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος. καὶ ὀλίγον τε ἔμενε τὸ διαφυγὸν τῶν Σκοτουσσαίων καὶ αὖθις ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας ἐξέλιπον καὶ οὗτοι τὴν πόλιν, ὅτε καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι προσπταῖσαι δεύτερα ἐν τῷ πρὸς Μακεδόνας πολέμῳ παρεσκεύασεν ὁ δαίμων.
5.4. Others have won glorious victories in the pancratium, but Pulydamas, besides his prizes for the pancratium, has to his credit the following exploits of a different kind. The mountainous part of Thrace, on this side the river Nestus, which runs through the land of Abdera, breeds among other wild beasts lions, which once attacked the army of Xerxes, and mauled the camels carrying his supplies.
5.4. παγκρατίου μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλοις ἤδη γεγόνασιν ἐπιφανεῖς νῖκαι· Πουλυδάμαντι δὲ τάδε ἀλλοῖα παρὰ τοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ παγκρατίῳ στεφάνους ὑπάρχοντά ἐστιν. ἡ ὀρεινὴ τῆς Θρᾴκης, ἡ ἔνδον Νέστου ποταμοῦ τοῦ ῥέοντος διὰ τῆς Ἀβδηριτῶν, καὶ ἄλλα θηρία, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς παρέχεται καὶ λέοντας, οἳ καὶ τῷ στρατῷ ποτε ἐπιθέμενοι τῷ Ξέρξου τὰς ἀγούσας καμήλους τὰ σιτία ἐλυμήναντο.
5.5. These lions often roam right into the land around Mount Olympus, one side of which is turned towards Macedonia, and the other towards Thessaly and the river Peneius. Here on Mount Olympus Pulydamas slew a lion, a huge and powerful beast, without the help of any weapon. To this exploit he was impelled by an ambition to rival the labours of Heracles, because Heracles also, legend says, overthrew the lion at Nemea.
5.5. οὗτοι πολλάκις οἱ λέοντες καὶ ἐς τὴν περὶ τὸν Ὄλυμπον πλανῶνται χώραν· τούτου δὲ τοῦ ὄρους ἡ μὲν ἐς Μακεδονίαν πλευρά, ἡ δὲ ἐπὶ Θεσσαλοὺς καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τέτραπται τὸν Πηνειόν· ἐνταῦθα ὁ Πουλυδάμας λέοντα ἐν τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ, μέγα καὶ ἄλκιμον θηρίον, κατειργάσατο οὐδενὶ ἐσκευασμένος ὅπλῳ. προήχθη δὲ ἐς τὸ τόλμημα φιλοτιμίᾳ πρὸς τὰ Ἡρακλέους ἔργα, ὅτι καὶ Ἡρακλέα ἔχει λόγος κρατῆσαι τοῦ ἐν Νεμέᾳ λέοντος.
5.6. In addition to this, Pulydamas is remembered for another wonderful performance. He went among a herd of cattle and seized the biggest and fiercest bull by one of its hind feet, holding fast the hoof in spite of the bull's leaps and struggles, until at last it put forth all its strength and escaped, leaving the hoof in the grasp of Pulydamas. It is also said of him that he stopped a charioteer who was driving his chariot onwards at a great speed. Seizing with one hand the back of the chariot he kept a tight hold on both horses and driver.
5.6. ἕτερον δὲ ἐπὶ τούτῳ θαῦμα ὑπελίπετο ὁ Πουλυδάμας ἐς μνήμην· ἐς ἀγέλην ἐσελθὼν βοῶν τὸν μέγιστον καὶ ἀγριώτατον ταῦρον λαβὼν τοῦ ἑτέρου τῶν ὄπισθεν ποδῶν τὰς χηλὰς κατεῖχεν ἄκρας, καὶ πηδῶντα καὶ ἐπειγόμενον οὐκ ἀνίει, πρίν γε δὴ ὁ ταῦρος ὀψέ ποτε καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἀφικόμενος βίας ἀπέφυγεν ἀφεὶς ταύτῃ τῷ Πουλυδάμαντι τὰς χηλάς. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς ἄνδρα ἡνίοχον ἐλαύνοντα σπουδῇ τὸ ἅρμα ἐπέσχε τοῦ πρόσω· λαβόμενος γὰρ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν ὄπισθε τοῦ ἅρματος, ὁμοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἵππους πεδήσας καὶ τὸν ἡνίοχον εἶχε.
5.7. Dareius, the bastard son of Artaxerxes, who with the support of the Persian common people put down Sogdius, the legitimate son of Artaxerxes, and ascended the throne in his stead, learning when he was king of the exploits of Pulydamas, sent messengers with the promise of gifts and persuaded him to come before his presence at Susa. There he challenged three of the Persians called Immortals to fight him—one against three— and killed them. Of his exploits enumerated, some are represented on the pedestal of the statue at Olympia, and others are set forth in the inscription.
5.7. Δαρεῖος δὲ Ἀρταξέρξου παῖς νόθος, ὃς ὁμοῦ τῷ Περσῶν [καὶ] δήμῳ Σόγδιον καταπαύσας παῖδα Ἀρταξέρξου γνήσιον ἔσχεν ἀντʼ ἐκείνου τὴν ἀρχήν, οὗτος ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ Δαρεῖος—ἐπυνθάνετο γὰρ τοῦ Πουλυδάμαντος τὰ ἔργα—, πέμπων ἀγγέλους ὑπισχνούμενος δῶρα ἀνέπεισεν αὐτὸν ἐς Σοῦσά τε καὶ ἐς ὄψιν ἀφικέσθαι τὴν αὑτοῦ. ἔνθα δὴ κατὰ πρόκλησιν Περσῶν ἄνδρας τῶν καλουμένων ἀθανάτων ἀριθμὸν τρεῖς ἀθρόους οἱ μονομαχήσαντας ἀπέκτεινεν. ἔργων δὲ τῶν κατειλεγμένων οἱ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ τοῦ ἀνδριάντος ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τὰ δὲ καὶ δηλούμενά ἐστιν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐπιγράμματος.
5.8. But after all, the prophecy of Homer respecting those who glory in their strength was to be fulfilled also in the case of Pulydamas, and he too was fated to perish through his own might. For Pulydamas entered a cave with the rest of his boon companions. It was summer-time, and, as ill-luck would have it, the roof of the cave began to crack. It was obvious that it would quickly fall in, and could not hold out much longer.
5.8. ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα τὸ ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου προθεσπισθὲν ἄλλους τε τῶν φρονησάντων ἐπὶ ἰσχύι καὶ Πουλυδάμαντα ἐπιλήψεσθαι, καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς αὑτοῦ ῥώμης ἔμελλεν ἀπολεῖσθαι καὶ οὗτος. ἐς σπήλαιον γὰρ οἵ τε ἄλλοι τῶν συμποτῶν καὶ ὁ Πουλυδάμας ἐσῆλθεν ὥρᾳ θέρους, καί πως οὐ κατά τινα ἀγαθὸν δαίμονα ἡ κορυφὴ τηνικαῦτα τοῦ σπηλαίου κατερρήγνυτο, καὶ δῆλα ἦν ὡς αὐτίκα ἐμπεσεῖσθαι καὶ χρόνον οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺν ἔμελλεν ἀνθέξειν·
5.9. Realizing the disaster that was coming, the others turned and ran away; but Pulydamas resolved to remain, holding up his hands in the belief that he could prevent the falling in of the cave and would not be crushed by the mountain. Here Pulydamas met his end.
5.9. γενομένης δὲ αἰσθήσεως τοῦ ἐπιόντος κακοῦ καὶ τρεπομένων ἐς φυγὴν τῶν λοιπῶν παρέστη καταμεῖναι τῷ Πουλυδάμαντι, καὶ ἀνέσχε τὰς χεῖρας ὡς ἐπιπίπτοντι ἀνθέξων τῷ σπηλαίῳ καὶ οὐ βιασθησόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄρους.
6.1. Beside the statue of Pulydamas at Olympia stand two Arcadians and one Attic athlete. The statue of the Mantinean, Protolaus the son of Dialces, who won the boxing-match for boys, was made by Pythagoras of Rhegium; that of Narycidas, son of Damaretus, a wrestler from Phigalia, was made by Daedalus of Sicyon; that of the Athenian Callias, a pancratiast, is by the Athenian painter Micon. Nicodamus the Maenalian made the statue of the Maenalian pancratiast Androsthenes, the son of Lochaeus, who won two victories among the men.
6.1. τούτῳ μὲν ἐνταῦθα ἐγένετο ἡ τελευτή· ἐν δὲ Ὀλυμπίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ Πουλυδάμαντος τὸν ἀνδριάντα δύο τε ἐκ τῆς Ἀρκάδων καὶ Ἀττικὸς ὁ τρίτος ἕστηκεν ἀθλητής. τὸν μὲν δὴ Μαντινέα Πρωτόλαον Διαλκοῦς πυγμῇ παῖδας κρατήσαντα ὁ Ῥηγῖνος Πυθαγόρας, Ναρυκίδαν δὲ τὸν Δαμαρέτου παλαιστὴν ἄνδρα ἐκ Φιγαλίας Σικυώνιος Δαίδαλος, Καλλίᾳ δὲ Ἀθηναίῳ παγκρατιαστῇ τὸν ἀνδριάντα ἀνὴρ Ἀθηναῖος Μίκων ἐποίησεν ὁ ζωγράφος. Νικοδάμου δὲ ἔργον τοῦ Μαιναλίου παγκρατιαστής ἐστιν ἐκ Μαινάλου, δύο νίκας ἐν ἀνδράσιν ἀνελόμενος, Ἀνδροσθένης Λοχαίου.