---
title: "Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις"
author: "Pausanias"
translator: "W. H. S. Jones"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
section: 31 of 60
url: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/31/
cite: "Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones, Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις, section 31. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/31/"
---

# Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις

*Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones*

A second-century traveller’s guide to the cities, temples, statues and legends of Greece, from Athens and Corinth to Olympia and Delphi, still used by archaeologists.

> Greek: ed. Friedrich Spiro, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0525.tlg001, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: W. H. S. Jones, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (books, chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 31. Book VI · chapters 6–11

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/31/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/31/#p-N

[¶0] 6.2. By these is set up a statue of Eucles, son of Callianax, a native of Rhodes and of the family of the Diagoridae. For he was the son of the daughter of Diagoras, and won an Olympic victory in the boxing-match for men. His statue is by Naucydes. Polycleitus of Argos, not the artist who made the image of Hera, but a pupil of Naucydes, made the statue of a boy wrestler, Agenor of Thebes. The statue was dedicated by the Phocian Commonwealth, for Theopompus, the father of Agenor, was a state friend of their nation.

> Greek: 6.2. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις Εὐκλῆς ἀνάκειται Καλλιάνακτος, γένος μὲν Ῥόδιος, οἴκου δὲ τοῦ Διαγοριδῷν· θυγατρὸς γὰρ Διαγόρου παῖς ἦν, ἐν δὲ ἀνδράσι πυγμῆς ἔσχεν Ὀλυμπικὴν νίκην. τούτου μὲν δὴ ἡ εἰκὼν Ναυκύδους ἐστὶν ἔργον· Πολύκλειτος δὲ Ἀργεῖος, οὐχ ὁ τῆς Ἥρας τὸ ἄγαλμα ποιήσας, μαθητὴς δὲ Ναυκύδους, παλαιστὴν παῖδα εἰργάσατο Θηβαῖον Ἀγήνορα. ἀνετέθη δὲ ἡ εἰκὼν ὑπὸ τοῦ Φωκέων κοινοῦ· Θεόπομπος γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ Ἀγήνορος πρόξενος τοῦ ἔθνους ἦν αὐτῶν.

[¶1] 6.3. Nicodamus, the sculptor from Maenalus, made the statue of the boxer Damoxenidas of Maenalus. There stands also the statue of the Elean boy Lastratidas, who won the crown for wrestling. He won a victory at Nemea also among the boys, and another among the beardless striplings. Paraballon, the father of Lastratidas, was first in the double foot-race, and he left to those coming after an object of ambition, by writing up in the gymnasium at Olympia the names of those who won Olympic victories.

> Greek: 6.3. Νικόδαμος δὲ ὁ πλάστης ὁ ἐκ Μαινάλου Δαμοξενίδαν ἄνδρα πύκτην ἐποίησεν ἐκ Μαινάλου. ἕστηκε δὲ καὶ Λαστρατίδα παιδὸς εἰκὼν Ἠλείου, πάλης ἀνελομένου στέφανον· ἐγένετο δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Νεμείων ἔν τε παισὶ καὶ ἀγενείων ἑτέρα νίκη. Παραβάλλοντι δὲ τῷ Λαστρατίδα πατρὶ ὑπῆρξε μὲν διαύλου παρελθεῖν δρόμῳ, ὑπελίπετο δὲ καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα φιλοτιμίαν, τῶν νικησάντων Ὀλυμπίασι τὰ ὀνόματα ἀναγράψας ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ.

[¶2] 6.4. So much for these. But it would not be right for me to pass over the boxer Euthymus, his victories and his other glories. Euthymus was by birth one of the Italian Locrians, who dwell in the region near the headland called the West Point, and he was called son of Astycles. Local legend, however, makes him the son, not of this man, but of the river Caecinus, which divides Locris from the land of Rhegium and produces the marvel of the grasshoppers. For the grasshoppers within Locris as far as the Caecinus sing just like others, but across the Caecinus in the territory of Rhegium they do not utter a sound.

> Greek: 6.4. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τούτους εἶχεν οὕτω· τὰ δὲ ἐς Εὔθυμον τὸν πύκτην, οὔ με εἰκὸς ὑπερβαίνειν ἦν τὰ ἐς τὰς νίκας αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ ἐς δόξαν ὑπάρχοντα τὴν ἄλλην. γένος μὲν δὴ ἦν ὁ Εὔθυμος ἐκ τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ Λοκρῶν, οἳ χώραν τὴν πρὸς τῷ Ζεφυρίῳ τῇ ἄκρᾳ νέμονται, πατρὸς δὲ ἐκαλεῖτο Ἀστυκλέους· εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν οὐ τούτου, ποταμοῦ δὲ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τοῦ Καικίνου φασίν, ὃς τὴν Λοκρίδα καὶ Ῥηγίνην ὁρίζων τὸ ἐς τοὺς τέττιγας παρέχεται θαῦμα. οἱ μὲν γὰρ τέττιγες οἱ ἐντὸς τῆς Λοκρίδος ἄχρι τοῦ Καικίνου κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις τέττιξιν ᾄδουσι· διαβάντων δὲ τὸν Καικίνην οὐδεμίαν ἔτι οἱ ἐν τῇ Ῥηγίνῃ τέττιγες ἀφιᾶσι τὴν φωνήν.

[¶3] 6.5. This river then, according to tradition, was the father of Euthymus, who, though he won the prize for boxing at the seventy-fourth Olympic Festival, was not to be so successful at the next. For Theagenes of Thasos, wishing to win the prizes for boxing and for the pancratium at the same Festival, overcame Euthymus at boxing, though he had not the strength to gain the wild olive in the pancratium, because he was already exhausted in his fight with Euthymus.

> Greek: 6.5. τούτου μὲν δὴ παῖδα εἶναι λέγεται τὸν Εὔθυμον· ἀνελομένῳ δέ οἱ πυγμῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκην τετάρτῃ πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν Ὀλυμπιάδα ἔμελλε χωρήσειν· Θεαγένης γὰρ ὁ Θάσιος Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐθέλων τῇ αὐτῇ πυγμῆς τε ἀνελέσθαι καὶ παγκρατίου νίκας ὑπερεβάλετο πυκτεύων τὸν Εὔθυμον, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὁ Θεαγένης ἐπὶ τῷ παγκρατίῳ λαβεῖν ἐδυνήθη τὸν κότινον ἅτε προκατεργασθεὶς τῇ μάχῃ πρὸς τὸν Εὔθυμον.

[¶4] 6.6. Thereupon the umpires fined Theagenes a talent, to be sacred to the god, and a talent for the harm done to Euthymus, holding that it was merely to spite him that he entered for the boxing competition. For this reason they condemned him to pay an extra fine privately to Euthymus. At the seventy-sixth Festival Theagenes paid in full the money owed to the god,... and as compensation to Euthymus did not enter for the boxing-match. At this Festival, and also at the next following, Euthymus won the crown for boxing. His statue is the handiwork of Pythagoras, and is very well worth seeing.

> Greek: 6.6. ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ ἐπιβάλλουσιν οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι τῷ Θεαγένει τάλαντον μὲν ἱερὰν ἐς τὸν θεὸν ζημίαν, τάλαντον δὲ βλάβης τῆς ἐς Εὔθυμον, ὅτι ἐπηρείᾳ τῇ ἐς ἐκεῖνον ἐδόκει σφίσιν ἐπανελέσθαι τὸ ἀγώνισμα τῆς πυγμῆς· τούτων ἕνεκα καταδικάζουσιν αὐτὸν ἐκτῖσαι καὶ ἰδίᾳ τῷ Εὐθύμῳ χρήματα. ἕκτῃ δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα τὸ μὲν τῷ θεῷ τοῦ ἀργυρίου γινόμενον ἐξέτισεν ὁ Θεαγένης, καὶ ἀμειβόμενος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐσῆλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν πυγμήν· καὶ ἐπʼ ἐκείνης τε αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς μετʼ ἐκείνην Ὀλυμπιάδος τὸν ἐπὶ πυγμῇ στέφανον ἀνείλετο ὁ Εὔθυμος. ὁ δέ οἱ ἀνδριὰς τέχνη τέ ἐστι Πυθαγόρου καὶ θέας ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἄξιος.

[¶5] 6.7. On his return to Italy Euthymus fought against the Hero, the story about whom is as follows. Odysseus, so they say, in his wanderings after the capture of Troy was carried down by gales to various cities of Italy and Sicily, and among them he came with his ships to Temesa. Here one of his sailors got drunk and violated a maiden, for which offence he was stoned to death by the natives.

> Greek: 6.7. ἐπανήκων δὲ ἐς Ἰταλίαν τότε δὴ ἐμαχέσατο πρὸς τὸν Ἥρω· τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν εἶχεν οὕτως. Ὀδυσσέα πλανώμενον μετὰ ἅλωσιν τὴν Ἰλίου κατενεχθῆναί φασιν ὑπὸ ἀνέμων ἔς τε ἄλλας τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ Σικελίᾳ πόλεων, ἀφικέσθαι δὲ καὶ ἐς Τεμέσαν ὁμοῦ ταῖς ναυσί· μεθυσθέντα οὖν ἐνταῦθα ἕνα τῶν ναυτῶν παρθένον βιάσασθαι καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἀντὶ τούτου καταλευσθῆναι τοῦ ἀδικήματος.

[¶6] 6.8. Now Odysseus, it is said, cared nothing about his loss and sailed away. But the ghost of the stoned man never ceased killing without distinction the people of Temesa, attacking both old and young, until, when the inhabitants had resolved to flee from Italy for good, the Pythian priestess forbad them to leave Temesa, and ordered them to propitiate the Hero, setting him a sanctuary apart and building a temple, and to give him every year as wife the fairest maiden in Temesa.

> Greek: 6.8. Ὀδυσσέα μὲν δὴ ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ θέμενον αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀπώλειαν ἀποπλέοντα οἴχεσθαι, τοῦ καταλευσθέντος δὲ ἀνθρώπου τὸν δαίμονα οὐδένα ἀνιέναι καιρὸν ἀποκτείνοντά τε ὁμοίως τοὺς ἐν τῇ Τεμέσῃ καὶ ἐπεξερχόμενον ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἡλικίαν, ἐς ὃ ἡ Πυθία τὸ παράπαν ἐξ Ἰταλίας ὡρμημένους φεύγειν Τεμέσαν μὲν ἐκλιπεῖν οὐκ εἴα, τὸν δὲ Ἥρω σφᾶς ἐκέλευσεν ἱλάσκεσθαι τέμενός τε ἀποτεμομένους οἰκοδομήσασθαι ναόν, διδόναι δὲ κατὰ ἔτος αὐτῷ γυναῖκα τῶν ἐν Τεμέσῃ παρθένων τὴν καλλίστην.

[¶7] 6.9. So they performed the commands of the god and suffered no more terrors from the ghost. But Euthymus happened to come to Temesa just at the time when the ghost was being propitiated in the usual way; learning what was going on he had a strong desire to enter the temple, and not only to enter it but also to look at the maiden. When he saw her he first felt pity and afterwards love for her. The girl swore to marry him if he saved her, and so Euthymus with his armour on awaited the onslaught of the ghost.

> Greek: 6.9. τοῖς μὲν δὴ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προστεταγμένα ὑπουργοῦσι δεῖμα ἀπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος ἐς τἄλλα ἦν οὐδέν· Εὔθυμος δὲ— ἀφίκετο γὰρ ἐς τὴν Τεμέσαν, καί πως τηνικαῦτα τὸ ἔθος ἐποιεῖτο τῷ δαίμονι—πυνθάνεται τὰ παρόντα σφίσι, καὶ ἐσελθεῖν τε ἐπεθύμησεν ἐς τὸν ναὸν καὶ τὴν παρθένον ἐσελθὼν θεάσασθαι. ὡς δὲ εἶδε, τὰ μὲν πρῶτα ἐς οἶκτον, δεύτερα δὲ ἀφίκετο καὶ ἐς ἔρωτα αὐτῆς· καὶ ἡ παῖς τε συνοικήσειν κατώμνυτο αὐτῷ σώσαντι αὐτὴν καὶ ὁ Εὔθυμος ἐνεσκευασμένος ἔμενε τὴν ἔφοδον τοῦ δαίμονος.

[¶8] 6.10. He won the fight, and the Hero was driven out of the land and disappeared, sinking into the depth of the sea. Euthymus had a distinguished wedding, and the inhabitants were freed from the ghost for ever. I heard another story also about Euthymus, how that he reached extreme old age, and escaping again from death departed from among men in another way. Temesa is still inhabited, as I heard from a man who sailed there as a merchant.

> Greek: 6.10. ἐνίκα τε δὴ τῇ μάχῃ καὶ —ἐξηλαύνετο γὰρ ἐκ τῆς γῆς—ὁ Ἥρως ἀφανίζεταί τε καταδὺς ἐς θάλασσαν καὶ γάμος τε ἐπιφανὴς Εὐθύμῳ καὶ ἀνθρώποις τοῖς ἐνταῦθα ἐλευθερία τοῦ λοιποῦ σφισιν ἦν ἀπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος. ἤκουσα δὲ καὶ τοιόνδε ἔτι ἐς τὸν Εὔθυμον, ὡς γήρως τε ἐπὶ μακρότατον ἀφίκοιτο καὶ ὡς ἀποθανεῖν ἐκφυγὼν αὖθις ἕτερόν τινα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων [ἄλλον] ἀπέλθοι τρόπον· οἰκεῖσθαι δὲ τὴν Τεμέσαν καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἀνδρὸς ἤκουσα πλεύσαντος κατὰ ἐμπορίαν.

[¶9] 6.11. This I heard, and I also saw by chance a picture dealing with the subject. It was a copy of an ancient picture. There were a stripling, Sybaris, a river, Calabrus, and a spring, Lyca. Besides, there were a hero-shrine and the city of Temesa, and in the midst was the ghost that Euthymus cast out. Horribly black in color, and exceedingly dreadful in all his appearance, he had a wolf's skin thrown round him as a garment. The letters on the picture gave his name as Lycas.

> Greek: 6.11. τόδε μὲν ἤκουσα, γραφῇ δὲ τοιάδε ἐπιτυχὼν οἶδα· ἦν δὲ αὕτη γραφῆς μίμημα ἀρχαίας. νεανίσκος Σύβαρις καὶ Κάλαβρός τε ποταμὸς καὶ Λύκα πηγή, πρὸς δὲ ἡρῷόν τε καὶ Τεμέσα ἦν ἡ πόλις, ἐν δέ σφισι καὶ δαίμων ὅντινα ἐξέβαλεν ὁ Εὔθυμος, χρόαν τε δεινῶς μέλας καὶ τὸ εἶδος ἅπαν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα φοβερός, λύκου δὲ ἀμπίσχετο δέρμα ἐσθῆτα· ἐτίθετο δὲ καὶ ὄνομα Λύκαν τὰ ἐπὶ τῇ γραφῇ γράμματα.

[¶10] 7.1. So much for the story of Euthymus. After his statue stands a runner in the foot-race, Pytharchus of Mantinea, and a boxer, Charmides of Elis, both of whom won prizes in the contests for boys. When you have looked at these also you will reach the statues of the Rhodian athletes, Diagoras and his family. These were dedicated one after the other in the following order. Acusilaus, who received a crown for boxing in the men's class; Dorieus, the youngest, who won the pancratium at Olympia on three successive occasions. Even before Dorieus, Damagetus beat all those who had entered for the pancratium.

> Greek: 7.1. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐς τοσοῦτο εἰρήσθω· μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἀνδριάντα τοῦ Εὐθύμου Πύθαρχός τε ἕστηκε Μαντινεὺς σταδιοδρόμος καὶ πύκτης Ἠλεῖος Χαρμίδης, λαβόντες νίκας ἐπὶ παισί. θεασάμενος δὲ καὶ τούτους ἐπὶ τῶν Ῥοδίων ἀθλητῶν ἀφίξῃ τὰς εἰκόνας, Διαγόραν καὶ τὸ ἐκείνου γένος· οἱ δὲ συνεχεῖς τε ἀλλήλοις καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ τοιῷδε ἀνέκειντο, Ἀκουσίλαος μὲν λαβὼν πυγμῆς ἐν ἀνδράσι στέφανον, Δωριεὺς δὲ ὁ νεώτατος παγκρατίῳ νικήσας Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἐφεξῆς τρισί. πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τοῦ Δωριέως ἐκράτησε καὶ Δαμάγητος τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐς τὸ παγκράτιον.

[¶11] 7.2. These were brothers, being sons of Diagoras, and by them is set up also a statue of Diagoras himself, who won a victory for boxing in the men's class. The statue of Diagoras was made by the Megarian Callicles, the son of the Theocosmus who made the image of Zeus at Megara. The sons too of the daughters of Diagoras practised boxing and won Olympic victories: in the men's class Eucles, son of Callianax and Callipateira, daughter of Diagoras; in the boys' class Peisirodus, whose mother dressed herself as a man and a trainer, and took her son herself to the Olympic games.

> Greek: 7.2. οὗτοι μὲν ἀδελφοί τέ εἰσι καὶ Διαγόρου παῖδες, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς κεῖται καὶ ὁ Διαγόρας, πυγμῆς ἐν ἀνδράσιν ἀνελόμενος νίκην· τοῦ Διαγόρου δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα Μεγαρεὺς εἰργάσατο Καλλικλῆς Θεοκόσμου τοῦ ποιήσαντος τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐν Μεγάροις τοῦ Διός. Διαγόρου δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν θυγατέρων παῖδες πύξ τε ἤσκησαν καὶ ἔσχον Ὀλυμπικὰς νίκας, ἐν μὲν ἀνδράσιν Εὐκλῆς Καλλιάνακτός τε ὢν καὶ Καλλιπατείρας τῆς Διαγόρου, Πεισίροδος δὲ ἐν παισίν, ὃν ἡ μήτηρ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιθεμένη γυμναστοῦ σχῆμα ἐπὶ τῶν Ὀλυμπίων αὐτὴ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἤγαγεν·

[¶12] 7.3. This Peisirodus is one of the statues in the Altis, and stands by the father of his mother. The story goes that Diagoras came to Olympia in the company of his sons Acusilaus and Damagetus. The youths on defeating their father proceeded to carry him through the crowd, while the Greeks pelted him with flowers and congratulated him on his sons. The family of Diagoras was originally, through the female line, Messenian, as he was descended from the daughter of Aristomenes.

> Greek: 7.3. οὗτος δὲ ὁ Πεισίροδος καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει παρὰ τῆς μητρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἕστηκε. Διαγόραν δὲ καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς παισὶν Ἀκουσιλάῳ καὶ Δαμαγήτῳ λέγουσιν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἐλθεῖν· νικήσαντες δὲ οἱ νεανίσκοι διὰ τῆς πανηγύρεως τὸν πατέρα ἔφερον βαλλόμενόν τε ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἄνθεσι καὶ εὐδαίμονα ἐπὶ τοῖς παισὶ καλούμενον. γένος δὲ ὁ Διαγόρας τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Μεσσήνιος πρὸς γυναικῶν ἦν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀριστομένους ἐγεγόνει θυγατρός.

[¶13] 7.4. Dorieus, son of Diagoras, besides his Olympian victories, won eight at the Isthmian and seven at the Nemean games. He is also said to have won a Pythian victory without a contest. He and Peisirodus were proclaimed by the herald as of Thurii, for they had been pursued by their political enemies from Rhodes to Thurii in Italy. Dorieus subsequently returned to Rhodes. Of all men he most obviously showed his friendship with Sparta, for he actually fought against the Athenians with his own ships, until he was taken prisoner by Attic men-of-war and brought alive to Athens.

> Greek: 7.4. Δωριεῖ δὲ τῷ Διαγόρου παρὲξ ἢ Ὀλυμπίασιν Ἰσθμίων μὲν γεγόνασιν ὀκτὼ νῖκαι, Νεμείων δὲ ἀποδέουσαι μιᾶς ἐς τὰς ὀκτώ· λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Πύθια ἀνέλοιτο ἀκονιτί. ἀνηγορεύοντο δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὁ Πεισίροδος Θούριοι, διωχθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιστασιωτῶν ἐκ τῆς Ῥόδου καὶ ἐς Ἰταλίαν παρὰ Θουρίους ἀπελθόντες. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατῆλθεν ὁ Δωριεὺς ἐς Ῥόδον· καὶ φανερώτατα δὴ ἁπάντων ἀνὴρ εἷς φρονήσας οὗτος τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων φαίνεται, ὥστε καὶ ἐναυμάχησεν ἐναντία Ἀθηναίων ναυσὶν οἰκείαις, ἐς ὃ τριήρων ἁλοὺς Ἀττικῶν ἀνήχθη ζῶν παρὰ Ἀθηναίους.

[¶14] 7.5. Before he was brought to them the Athenians were wroth with Dorieus and used threats against him; but when they met in the assembly and beheld a man so great and famous in the guise of a prisoner, their feeling towards him changed, and they let him go away without doing him any hurt, and that though they might with justice have punished him severely.

> Greek: 7.5. οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι πρὶν μὲν ἢ Δωριέα παρὰ σφᾶς ἀναχθῆναι θυμῷ τε ἐς αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπειλαῖς ἐχρῶντο· ὡς δὲ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν συνελθόντες ἄνδρα οὕτω μέγαν καὶ δόξης ἐς τοσοῦτο ἥκοντα ἐθεάσαντο ἐν σχήματι αἰχμαλώτου, μεταπίπτει σφίσιν ἐς αὐτὸν ἡ γνώμη καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἀφιᾶσιν οὐδὲ ἔργον οὐδὲν ἄχαρι ἐργάζονται, παρόν σφισι πολλά τε καὶ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ δρᾶσαι.

[¶15] 7.6. The death of Dorieus is told by Androtion in his Attic history. He says that the great King's fleet was then at Caunus, with Conon in command, who persuaded the Rhodian people to leave the Lacedaemonian alliance and to join the great King and the Athenians. Dorieus, he goes on to say, was at the time away from home in the interior of the Peloponnesus, and having been caught by some Lacedaemonians he was brought to Sparta, convicted of treachery by the Lacedaemonians and sentenced to death.

> Greek: 7.6. τὰ δὲ ἐς τοῦ Δωριέως τὴν τελευτήν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ τῇ Ἀτθίδι Ἀνδροτίωνι εἰρημένα, εἶναι μὲν τηνικαῦτα ἐν Καύνῳ τὸ βασιλέως ναυτικὸν καὶ Κόνωνα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ στρατηγόν, Ῥοδίων δὲ τὸν δῆμον πεισθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Κόνωνος ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων μεταβαλέσθαι σφᾶς ἐς τὴν βασιλέως καὶ Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίαν, Δωριέα δὲ ἀποδημεῖν μὲν τότε ἐκ Ῥόδου περὶ τὰ ἐντὸς Πελοποννήσου χωρία, συλληφθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν Λακεδαιμονίων αὐτὸν καὶ ἀναχθέντα ἐς Σπάρτην ἀδικεῖν τε ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καταγνωσθῆναι καὶ ἐπιβληθῆναί οἱ θάνατον ζημίαν.

[¶16] 7.7. If Androtion tells the truth, he appears to me to wish to put the Lacedaemonians on a level with the Athenians, because they too are open to the charge of precipitous action in their treatment of Thrasyllus and his fellow admirals at the battle of Arginusae. Such was the fame won by Diagoras and his family.

> Greek: 7.7. εἰ δὲ τὸν ὄντα εἶπεν Ἀνδροτίων λόγον, ἐθέλειν μοι φαίνεται Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὸ ἴσον ἔτι Ἀθηναίοις καταστῆσαι, ὅτι καὶ Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Θράσυλλον καὶ τοὺς ἐν Ἀργινούσαις ὁμοῦ τῷ Θρασύλλῳ στρατηγήσαντας προπετείας ἐστὶν ἔγκλημα. Διαγόρας μὲν δὴ καὶ τὸ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ γένος δόξης ἐς τοσοῦτο ἀφίκοντο·

[¶17] 7.8. Alcaenetus too, son of Theantus, a Leprean, himself and his sons won Olympian victories. Alcaenetus was successful in the boxing contest for men, as at an earlier date he had been in the contest for boys. His sons, Helianicus and Theantus, were proclaimed winners of the boys' boxing.match, Hellanicus at the eighty-ninth Festival and Theantus at the next. All have their statues set up at Olympia.

> Greek: 7.8. ἐγένοντο δὲ καὶ Ἀλκαινέτῳ τῷ Θεάντου Λεπρεάτῃ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς παισὶν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι. αὐτὸς μέν γε πυκτεύων ὁ Ἀλκαίνετος ἔν τε ἀνδράσι καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ἐπεκράτησεν ἐν παισίν· Ἑλλάνικον δὲ τὸν Ἀλκαινέτου καὶ Θέαντον ἐπὶ πυγμῇ παίδων ἀναγορευθῆναι τὸν μὲν ἐνάτῃ πρὸς ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι, τὸν δὲ τῇ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ συνέβη τὸν Θέαντον· καί σφισιν ἀνδριάντες ἅπασιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κεῖνται.

[¶18] 7.9. Next to the sons of Alcaenetus stand Gnathon, a Maenalian of Dipaea, and Lucinus of Elis. These too succeeded in beating the boys at boxing at Olympia. The inscription on his statue says that Gnathon was very young indeed when he won his victory. The artist who made the statue was Callicles of Megara.

> Greek: 7.9. ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἀλκαινέτου τοῖς υἱοῖς Γνάθων τε Διπαιεὺς τῆς Μαιναλέων χώρας καὶ Λυκῖνος ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος· κρατῆσαι δὲ Ὀλυμπίασι πυγμῇ παῖδας ὑπῆρξε καὶ τούτοις. Γνάθωνα δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα, ὅτε ἐνίκησεν, εἶναι νέον τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησί· Καλλικλέους δὲ τοῦ Μεγαρέως ποίημα ὁ ἀνδριάς ἐστιν.

[¶19] 7.10. A man from Stymphalus, by name Dromeus (Runner), proved true to it in the long race, for he won two victories at Olympia, two at Pytho, three at the Isthmus and five at Nemea. He is said to have also conceived the idea of a flesh diet; up to this time athletes had fed on cheese from the basket. The statue of this athlete is by Pythagoras; the one next to it, representing Pythocles, a pentathlete of Elis, was made by Polycleitus.

> Greek: 7.10. ἀνὴρ δὲ ἐκ Στυμφήλου Δρομεὺς ὄνομα, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔργον τοῦτο ἐπὶ δολίχῳ παρεσχημένος, δύο μὲν ἔσχεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκας, τοσαύτας δὲ ἄλλας Πυθοῖ καὶ Ἰσθμίων τε τρεῖς καὶ ἐν Νεμέᾳ πέντε. λέγεται δὲ ὡς καὶ κρέας ἐσθίειν ἐπινοήσειε· τέως δὲ τοῖς ἀθληταῖς σιτία τυρὸν ἐκ τῶν ταλάρων εἶναι. τούτου μὲν δὴ Πυθαγόρας τὴν εἰκόνα, τὴν δὲ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ, πένταθλον Ἠλεῖον Πυθοκλέα, Πολύκλειτός ἐστιν εἰργασμένος.

[¶20] 8.1. Socrates of Pellene won the boys' race, and Amertes of Elis the wrestlers' match for boys at Olympia, besides beating all competitors in the men's wrestling match at Pytho. It is not said who made the statue of Socrates, but that of Amertes is from the band of Phradmon of Argos. Euanoridas of Elis won the boys' wrestling-match both at Olympia and at Nemea. When he was made an umpire he joined the ranks of those who have recorded at Olympia the names of the victors.

> Greek: 8.1. Σωκράτους δὲ Πελληνέως δρόμου νίκην ἐν παισὶν εἰληφότος καὶ Ἠλείου Ἀμέρτου καταπαλαίσαντος ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ παῖδας, καταπαλαίσαντος δὲ καὶ Πυθοῖ τοὺς ἐλθόντας τῶν ἀνδρῶν, τοῦ μὲν τὸν ποιήσαντα τὴν εἰκόνα οὐ λέγουσι, τὴν δὲ τοῦ Ἀμέρτου Φράδμων ἐποίησεν Ἀργεῖος. Εὐανορίδᾳ δὲ Ἠλείῳ πάλης ἐν παισὶν ὑπῆρξεν ἔν τε Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμείων νίκη· γενόμενος δὲ Ἑλλανοδίκης ἔγραψε καὶ οὗτος τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῶν νενικηκότων.

[¶21] 8.2. As to the boxer, by name Damarchus, an Arcadian of Parrhasia, I cannot believe (except, of course, his Olympic victory) what romancers say about him, how he changed his shape into that of a wolf at the sacrifice of Lycaean (Wolf) Zeus, and how nine years after he became a man again. Nor do I think that the Arcadians either record this of him, otherwise it would have been recorded as well in the inscription at Olympia, which runs:—
This statue was dedicated by Damarchus, son of Dinytas,
Parrhasian by birth from Arcadia.

> Greek: 8.2. ἐς δὲ πύκτην ἄνδρα, γένος μὲν Ἀρκάδα ἐκ Παρρασίων, Δάμαρχον δὲ ὄνομα, οὔ μοι πιστὰ ἦν πέρα γε τῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκης ὁπόσα ἄλλα ἀνδρῶν ἀλαζόνων ἐστὶν εἰρημένα, ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπου μεταβάλοι τὸ εἶδος ἐς λύκον ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τοῦ Λυκαίου Διός, καὶ ὡς ὕστερον τούτων ἔτει δεκάτῳ γένοιτο αὖθις ἄνθρωπος. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρκάδων λέγεσθαί μοι τοῦτο ἐφαίνετο ἐς αὐτόν, ἐλέγετο γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐπιγράμματος τοῦ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ· ἔχει γὰρ δὴ οὕτως·
υἱὸς Δινύτα Δάμαρχος τάνδʼ ἀνέθηκεν
εἰκόνʼ ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας Παρράσιος γενεάν.
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐς τοσοῦτο πεποίηται·

[¶22] 8.3. Here the inscription ends. Eubotas of Cyrene, when the Libyan oracle foretold to him his coming Olympic victory for running, had his portrait statue made beforehand, and so was proclaimed victor and dedicated the statue on the same day. He is also said to have won the chariot-race at that Festival which, according to the account of the Eleans, was not genuine because the Arcadians presided at it.

> Greek: 8.3. Εὐβώτας δὲ ὁ Κυρηναῖος, ἅτε τὴν ἐσομένην οἱ δρόμου νίκην ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ μαντείου τοῦ ἐν Λιβύῃ προπεπυσμένος, τήν τε εἰκόνα ἐπεποίητο πρότερον καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς ἀνηγορεύθη τε νικήσας καὶ ἀνέθηκε τὴν εἰκόνα. λέγεται δὲ [καὶ] ὡς κρατήσειε καὶ ἅρματι ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδος ταύτης ἣ λόγῳ τῷ Ἠλείων ἐστὶ κίβδηλος τῶν ἀγωνοθετησάντων Ἀρκάδων ἕνεκα.

[¶23] 8.4. The statue of Timanthes of Cleonae, who won the crown in the pancratium for men, was made by Myron of Athens, but Naucydes made that of Baucis of Troezen, who overthrew the men wrestlers. Timanthes, they say, met his end through the following cause. On retiring from athletics he continued to test his strength by drawing a great bow every day. His practice with the bow was interrupted during a period when he was away from home. On his return, finding that he was no longer able to bend the bow, he lit a fire and threw himself alive on to it. In my view all such deeds, whether they have already occurred among men or will take place hereafter, ought to be regarded as acts of madness rather than of courage.

> Greek: 8.4. Κλεωναίῳ δὲ Τιμάνθει παγκρατίου λαβόντι ἐν ἀνδράσι στέφανον καὶ Τροιζηνίῳ Βαύκιδι παλαιστὰς καταβαλόντι ἄνδρας, τῷ μὲν τοῦ Ἀθηναίου Μύρωνος, Βαύκιδι δὲ Ναυκύδους ἐστὶν ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἔργον. τῷ δὲ Τιμάνθει τὸ τέλος τοῦ βίου συμβῆναί φασιν ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τοιᾷδε. πεπαῦσθαι μὲν ἀθλοῦντα, ἀποπειρᾶσθαι δὲ ὅμως αὐτὸν ἔτι τῆς ἰσχύος, τόξον μέγα ἐπὶ ἑκάστης τείνοντα τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀποδημῆσαί τε δὴ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τόξῳ τηνικαῦτα ἐκλειφθῆναί οἱ τὴν μελέτην· ὡς δὲ ἐπανήκων οὐχ οἷός τε ἔτι τεῖναι τὸ τόξον ἐγίνετο, πῦρ ἀνακαύσας ἀφίησι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν πυρὰν αὑτόν. ὁπόσα δὲ ἤδη τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἢ καὶ ὕστερόν ποτε ἔσται, μανία μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνδρία νομίζοιτο ἂν κατά γε ἐμὴν γνώμην.

[¶24] 8.5. After Baucis are statues of Arcadian athletes: Euthymenes from Maenalus itself, who won the men's and previously the boys' wrestling-match; Philip, an Azanian from Pellana, who beat the boys at boxing, and Critodamus from Cleitor, who like Philip was proclaimed victor in the boys' boxing match. The statue of Euthymenes for his victory over the boys was made by Alypus; the statue of Damocritus was made by Cleon, and that of Philip the Azanian by Myron. The story of Promachus, son of Dryon, a pancratiast of Pellene, will be included in my account of the Achaeans.

> Greek: 8.5. μετὰ δὲ τὸν Βαύκιδά εἰσιν ἀθλητῶν Ἀρκάδων εἰκόνες, Εὐθυμένης τε ἐξ αὐτῆς Μαινάλου, νίκας τὴν μὲν ἀνδρῶν πάλης, τὴν δʼ ἔτι πρότερον ἐν παισὶν εἰληφώς, καὶ Ἀζὰν ἐκ Πελλάνας Φίλιππος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, καὶ Κριτόδαμος ἐκ Κλείτορος, ἐπὶ πυγμῇ καὶ οὗτος ἀναγορευθεὶς παίδων· τὰς δέ σφισιν εἰκόνας, τὴν μὲν ἐν παισὶ τοῦ Εὐθυμένους Ἄλυπος, τὴν δὲ τοῦ Δαμοκρίτου Κλέων, Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ Ἀζᾶνος Μύρων τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησε. τὰ δὲ ἐς Πρόμαχον τὸν Δρύωνος παγκρατιαστὴν Πελληνέα προσέσται μοι καὶ ταῦτα τῷ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς λόγῳ.

[¶25] 8.6. Not far from Promachus is set up the statue of Timasitheus, a Delphian by birth, the work of Ageladas of Argos. This athlete won in the pancratium two victories at Olympia and three at Pytho. His achievements in war too are distinguished by their daring and by the good luck which attended all but the last, which caused his death. For when Isagoras the Athenian captured the Acropolis of the Athenians with a view to setting up a tyranny, Timasitheus took part in the affair, and, on being taken prisoner on the Acropolis, was put to death by the Athenians for his sin against them.

> Greek: 8.6. Προμάχου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Τιμασίθεος ἀνάκειται γένος Δελφός, Ἀγελάδα μὲν ἔργον τοῦ Ἀργείου, παγκρατίου δὲ δύο μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκας, τρεῖς δὲ ἀνῃρημένος Πυθοῖ. καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐν πολέμοις ἐστὶν ἔργα τῇ τε τόλμῃ λαμπρὰ καὶ οὐκ ἀποδέοντα τῇ εὐτυχίᾳ, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ τελευταίου· τοῦτο δὲ αὐτῷ θάνατον τὸ ἐγχείρημα ἤνεγκεν. Ἰσαγόρᾳ γὰρ τῷ Ἀθηναίῳ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τὴν Ἀθηναίων καταλαβόντι ἐπὶ τυραννίδι μετασχὼν τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ὁ Τιμασίθεος—ἐγένετο γὰρ τῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντων ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει—θάνατον ζημίαν εὕρετο [εὕρετο δὲ] τοῦ ἀδικήματος παρὰ Ἀθηναίων.

[¶26] 9.1. Theognetus of Aegina succeeded in winning the crown for the boys' wrestling-match, and Ptolichus of Aegina made his statue. Ptolichus was a pupil of his father Synnoon, and he of Aristocles the Sicyonian, a brother of Canachus and almost as famous an artist. Why Theognetus carries a cone of the cultivated pine and a pomegranate I could not conjecture; perhaps some of the Aeginetans may have a local story about it.

> Greek: 9.1. Θεογνήτῳ δὲ Αἰγινήτῃ πάλης μὲν στέφανον λαβεῖν ὑπῆρξεν ἐν παισί, τὸν δὲ ἀνδριάντα οἱ Πτόλιχος ἐποίησεν Αἰγινήτης. διδάσκαλοι δὲ ἐγεγόνεσαν Πτολίχῳ μὲν Συννοῶν ὁ πατήρ, ἐκείνῳ δὲ Ἀριστοκλῆς Σικυώνιος, ἀδελφός τε Κανάχου καὶ οὐ πολὺ τὰ ἐς δόξαν ἐλασσούμενος. ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὲ ὁ Θεόγνητος πίτυος τῆς γʼ ἡμέρου καὶ ῥοιᾶς φέρει καρπόν, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν συμβαλέσθαι, τάχα δʼ ἂν Αἰγινήταις τισὶν ἐπιχώριος ἐς αὐτὰ ἂν εἴη λόγος.

[¶27] 9.2. After the statue of the man who the Eleans say had not his name recorded with the others because he was proclaimed winner of the trotting-race, stand Xenocles of Maenalus, who overthrew the boys at wrestling, and Alcetus, son of Alcinous, victor in the boys' boxing-match, who also was an Arcadian from Cleitor. Cleon made the statue of Alcetus; that of Xenocles is by Polycleitus.

> Greek: 9.2. μετὰ δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὃν Ἠλεῖοί φασιν οὐ γραφῆναι μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων, ὅτι ἐπὶ κάλπης ἀνηγορεύθη δρόμῳ, μετὰ τούτου τὴν εἰκόνα Ξενοκλῆς τε Μαινάλιος ἕστηκε παλαιστὰς καταβαλὼν παῖδας καὶ Ἄλκετος Ἀλκίνου κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, Ἀρκὰς καὶ οὗτος ἐκ Κλείτορος· καὶ τοῦ μὲν Κλέων, Ξενοκλέους δὲ τὸν ἀνδριάντα Πολύκλειτός ἐστιν εἰργασμένος.

[¶28] 9.3. Aristeus of Argos himself won a victory in the long-race, while his father Cheimon won the wrestling-match. They stand near to each other, the statue of Aristeus being by Pantias of Chios, the pupil of his father Sostratus. Besides the statue of Cheimon at Olympia there is another in the temple of Peace at Rome, brought there from Argos. Both are in my opinion among the most glorious works of Naucydes. It is also told how Cheimon overthrew at wrestling Taurosthenes of Aegina, how Taurosthenes at the next Festival overthrew all who entered for the wrestling-match, and how a wraith like Taurosthenes appeared on that day in Aegina and announced the victory.

> Greek: 9.3. Ἀριστεὺς δὲ Ἀργεῖος δολίχου μὲν νίκην ἔσχεν αὐτός, πάλης δὲ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ Ἀριστέως Χείμων· ἑστήκασι μὲν δὴ ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων, ἐποίησε δὲ τὸν μὲν Παντίας Χῖος παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ δεδιδαγμένος Σωστράτῳ, αἱ δὲ εἰκόνες τοῦ Χείμωνος ἔργον ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ⟨τῶν⟩ δοκιμωτάτων Ναυκύδους, ἥ τε ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Εἰρήνης τὸ ἐν Ῥώμῃ κομισθεῖσα ἐξ Ἄργους. λέγεται δὲ ὡς Ταυροσθένην καταπαλαίσειεν ὁ Χείμων τὸν Αἰγινήτην καὶ ὡς Ταυροσθένης τῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι τῇ ἐφεξῆς καταβάλοι τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐς τὴν πάλην καὶ ὡς ἐοικὸς Ταυροσθένει φάσμα ἐπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐν Αἰγίνῃ φανὲν ἀπαγγείλειε τὴν νίκην.

[¶29] 9.4. The statue of Philles of Elis, who won the boys' wrestling-match, was made by the Spartan Cratinus. As regards the chariot of Gelon, I did not come to the same opinion about it as my predecessors, who hold that the chariot is an offering of the Gelon who became tyrant in Sicily. Now there is an inscription on the chariot that it was dedicated by Gelon of Gela, son of Deinomenes, and the date of the victory of this Gelon is the seventy-third Festival.

> Greek: 9.4. Φίλλην δὲ Ἠλεῖον κρατήσαντα παῖδας πάλῃ Σπαρτιάτης Κρατῖνος ἐποίησε. τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἅρμα τὸ Γέλωνος οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ δοξάζειν ἐμοί τε παρίστατο καὶ τοῖς πρότερον ἢ ἐγὼ τὰ ἐς αὐτὸ εἰρηκόσιν, οἳ Γέλωνος τοῦ ἐν Σικελίᾳ τυραννήσαντός φασιν ἀνάθημα εἶναι τὸ ἅρμα. ἐπίγραμμα μὲν δή ἐστιν αὐτῷ Γέλωνα Δεινομένους ἀναθεῖναι Γελῷον, καὶ ὁ χρόνος τούτῳ τῷ Γέλωνί ἐστι τῆς νίκης τρίτη πρὸς τὰς ἑβδομήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδας·

[¶30] 9.5. But the Gelon who was tyrant of Sicily took possession of Syracuse when Hybrilides was archon at Athens, in the second year of the seventy-second Olympiad, when Tisicrates of Croton won the foot-race. Plainly, therefore, he would have announced himself as of Syracuse, not Gela. The fact is that this Gelon must be a private person, of the same name as the tyrant, whose father had the same name as the tyrant's father. It was Glaucias of Aegina who made both the chariot and the portrait-statue of Gelon.

> Greek: 9.5. Γέλων δὲ ὁ Σικελίας τυραννήσας Συρακούσας ἔσχεν Ὑβριλίδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς δευτέρας καὶ ἑβδομηκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Τισικράτης ἐνίκα Κροτωνιάτης στάδιον. δῆλα οὖν ὡς Συρακούσιον ἤδη καὶ οὐ Γελῷον ἀναγορεύειν αὑτὸν ἔμελλεν· ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἰδιώτης εἴη ἄν τις ὁ Γέλων οὗτος, πατρός τε ὁμωνύμου τῷ τυράννῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁμώνυμος. Γλαυκίας δὲ Αἰγινήτης τό τε ἅρμα καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι ἐποίησε τὴν εἰκόνα.

[¶31] 9.6. At the Festival previous to this it is said that Cleomedes of Astypalaea killed Iccus of Epidaurus during a boxing-match. On being convicted by the umpires of foul play and being deprived of the prize he became mad through grief and returned to Astypalaea. Attacking a school there of about sixty children he pulled down the pillar which held up the roof.

> Greek: 9.6. τῇ δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδι τῇ πρὸ ταύτης Κλεομήδην φασὶν Ἀστυπαλαιέα ὡς Ἴκκῳ πυκτεύων ἀνδρὶ Ἐπιδαυρίῳ τὸν Ἴκκον ἀποκτείνειεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, καταγνωσθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν ἄδικα εἰργάσθαι καὶ ἀφῃρημένος τὴν νίκην ἔκφρων ἐγένετο ὑπὸ τῆς λύπης καὶ ἀνέστρεψε μὲν ἐς Ἀστυπάλαιαν, διδασκαλείῳ δʼ ἐπιστὰς ἐνταῦθα ὅσον ἑξήκοντα ἀριθμὸν παίδων ἀνατρέπει τὸν κίονα ὃς τὸν ὄροφον ἀνεῖχεν.

[¶32] 9.7. This fell upon the children, and Cleomedes, pelted with stones by the citizens, took refuge in the sanctuary of Athena. He entered a chest standing in the sanctuary and drew down the lid. The Astypalaeans toiled in vain in their attempts to open the chest. At last, however, they broke open the boards of the chest, but found no Cleomedes, either alive or dead. So they sent envoys to Delphi to ask what had happened to Cleomedes.

> Greek: 9.7. ἐμπεσόντος δὲ τοῦ ὀρόφου τοῖς παισί, καταλιθούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἀστῶν κατέφυγεν ἐς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν· ἐσβάντος δὲ ἐς κιβωτὸν κειμένην ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ ἐφελκυσαμένου τὸ ἐπίθημα, κάματον ἐς ἀνωφελὲς οἱ Ἀστυπαλαιεῖς ἔκαμνον ἀνοίγειν τὴν κιβωτὸν πειρώμενοι· τέλος δὲ τὰ ξύλα τῆς κιβωτοῦ καταρρήξαντες, ὡς οὔτε ζῶντα Κλεομήδην οὔτε τεθνεῶτα εὕρισκον, ἀποστέλλουσιν ἄνδρας ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐρησομένους ὁποῖα ἐς Κλεομήδην τὰ συμβάντα ἦν.

[¶33] 9.8. The response given by the Pythian priestess was, they say, as follows:—
Last of heroes is Cleomedes of Astypalaea;
Honor him with sacrifices as being no longer a mortal.
So from this time have the Astypalaeans paid honors to Cleomedes as to a hero.

> Greek: 9.8. τούτοις χρῆσαι τὴν Πυθίαν φασίν·
ὕστατος ἡρώων Κλεομήδης Ἀστυπαλαιεύς,
ὃν θυσίαις τιμᾶ⟨θʼ ἅ⟩τε μηκέτι θνητὸν ἐόντα.
Κλεομήδει μὲν οὖν Ἀστυπαλαιεῖς ἀπὸ τούτου τιμὰς ὡς ἥρωι νέμουσι·

[¶34] 9.9. By the side of the chariot of Gelon is dedicated a statue of Philon, the work of the Aeginetan Glaucias. About this Philon Simonides the son of Leoprepes composed a very neat elegiac couplet:
My fatherland is Corcyra, and my name is Philon; I am
The son of Glaucus, and I won two Olympic victories for boxing.
There is also a statue of Agametor of Mantineia, who beat the boys at boxing.

> Greek: 9.9. παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Γέλωνος τὸ ἅρμα ἀνάκειται Φίλων, τέχνη τοῦ Αἰγινήτου Γλαυκίου. τούτῳ τῷ Φίλωνι Σιμωνίδης ὁ Λεωπρέπους ἐλεγεῖον δεξιώτατον ἐποίησε·
πατρὶς μὲν Κόρκυρα, Φίλων δʼ ὄνομʼ· εἰμὶ δὲ Γλαύκου
υἱὸς καὶ νικῶ πὺξ δύʼ Ὀλυμπιάδας.
ἀνάκειται καὶ Μαντινεὺς Ἀγαμήτωρ, κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας.

[¶35] 10.1. Next to those that I have enumerated stands Glaucus of Carystus. Legend has it that he was by birth from Anthedon in Boeotia, being descended from Glaucus the sea-deity. This Carystian was a son of Demylus, and they say that to begin with he worked as a farmer. The ploughshare one day fell out of the plough, and he fitted it into its place, using his hand as a hammer;

> Greek: 10.1. ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις ἕστηκεν ὁ Καρύστιος Γλαῦκος· εἶναι δέ φασιν ἐξ Ἀνθηδόνος τῆς Βοιωτῶν τὸ ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν γένος ἀπὸ Γλαύκου τοῦ ἐν θαλάσσῃ δαίμονος. πατρὸς δὲ οὗτος ὁ Καρύστιος ἦν Δημύλου, καὶ γῆν φασιν αὐτὸν κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἐργάζεσθαι· ἐκπεσοῦσαν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀρότρου τὴν ὕνιν πρὸς τὸ ἄροτρον καθήρμοσε τῇ χειρὶ ἀντὶ σφύρας χρώμενος, καί πως ἐθεάσατο ὁ Δημύλος τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς ποιούμενον καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ πυκτεύσοντα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν αὐτὸν ἀνήγαγεν.

[¶36] 10.2. Demylus happened to be a spectator of his son's performance, and thereupon brought him to Olympia to box. There Glaucus, inexperienced in boxing, was wounded by his antagonists, and when he was boxing with the last of them he was thought to be fainting from the number of his wounds. Then they say that his father called out to him, “Son, the plough touch.” So he dealt his opponent a more violent blow which forthwith brought him the victory.

> Greek: 10.2. ἔνθα δὴ ὁ Γλαῦκος ἅτε οὐκ ἐμπείρως ἔχων τῆς μάχης ἐτιτρώσκετο ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνταγωνιζομένων, καὶ ἡνίκα πρὸς τὸν λειπόμενον ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπύκτευεν, ἀπαγορεύειν ὑπὸ πλήθους τῶν τραυμάτων ἐνομίζετο· καί οἱ τὸν πατέρα βοῆσαί φασιν “ὦ παῖ τὴν ἀπʼ ἀρότρου”. οὕτω γε δὴ βιαιοτέραν ἐς τὸν ἀνταγωνιζόμενον ἐνεγκὼν τὴν πληγὴν αὐτίκα εἶχε τὴν νίκην.

[¶37] 10.3. He is said to have won other crowns besides, two at Pytho, eight at the Nemean and eight at the Isthmian games. The statue of Glaucus was set up by his son, while Glaucias of Aegina made it. The statue represents a figure sparring, as Glaucus was the best exponent of the art of all his contemporaries. When he died the Carystians, they say, buried him in the island still called the island of Glaucus.

> Greek: 10.3. στεφάνους δὲ λέγεται καὶ ἄλλους Πύθια μὲν δὶς λαβεῖν, Νεμείων δὲ καὶ Ἰσθμίων ὀκτάκις ἐν ἑκατέρῳ ἀγῶνι. τοῦ Γλαύκου δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα ἀνέθηκε μὲν ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ, Γλαυκίας δὲ Αἰγινήτης ἐποίησε· σκιαμαχοῦντος δὲ ὁ ἀνδριὰς παρέχεται σχῆμα, ὅτι ὁ Γλαῦκος ἦν ἐπιτηδειότατος τῶν κατʼ αὐτὸν χειρονομῆσαι πεφυκώς. ἀποθανόντα δὲ οἱ Καρύστιοι ταφῆναί φασιν αὐτὸν ἐν νήσῳ καλουμένῃ Γλαύκου καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι.

[¶38] 10.4. Damaretus of Heraea, his son and his grandson, each won two victories at Olympia. Those of Damaretus were gained at the sixty-fifth Festival (at which the race in full armour was instituted) and also at the one succeeding. His statue shows him, not only carrying the shield that modern competitors have, but also wearing a helmet on his head and greaves on his legs. In course of time the helmet and greaves were taken from the armour of competitors by both the Eleans and the Greeks generally. Theopompus, son of Damaretus, won his victories in the pentathlum, and his son Theopompus the second, named after his father, won his in the wrestling-match.

> Greek: 10.4. Δαμαρέτῳ δὲ Ἡραιεῖ υἱῷ τε τοῦ Δαμαρέτου καὶ υἱωνῷ δύο ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ γεγόνασιν ἑκάστῳ νῖκαι, Δαμαρέτῳ μὲν πέμπτῃ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι, ὅτε ἐνομίσθη πρῶτον ὁ τοῦ ὁπλίτου δρόμος, καὶ ὡσαύτως τῇ ἐφεξῆς—πεποίηται ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἀσπίδα τε κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἔχων τοῖς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν καὶ κράνος ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ κνημῖδας ἐπὶ τοῖς ποσί· ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἀνὰ χρόνον ὑπό τε Ἠλείων καὶ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων τῶν ἄλλων ἀφῃρέθη τοῦ δρόμου—, Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ Δαμαρέτου καὶ αὖθις ἐκείνου παιδὶ ὁμωνύμῳ ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ πάλης ἐγένοντο αἱ νῖκαι.

[¶39] 10.5. Who made the statue of Theopompus the wrestler we do not know, but those of his father and grandfather are said by the inscription to be by Eutelidas and Chrysothemis, who were Argives. It does not, however, declare the name of their teacher, but runs as follows:—
Eutelidas and Chrysothemis made these works,
Argives, who learnt their art from those who lived before.
Iccus the son of Nicolaidas of Tarentum won the Olympic crown in the pentathlum, and afterwards is said to have become the best trainer of his day.

> Greek: 10.5. τὴν δὲ εἰκόνα Θεοπόμπου μὲν τοῦ παλαίσαντος τὸν ποιήσαντα οὐκ ἴσμεν, τὰς δὲ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πάππου φησὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα Εὐτελίδα τε εἶναι καὶ Χρυσοθέμιδος Ἀργείων· οὐ μὴν παρʼ ὅτῳ γε ἐδιδάχθησαν δεδήλωκεν, ἔχει γὰρ δὴ οὕτως·
Εὐτελίδας καὶ Χρυσόθεμις τάδε ἔργα τέλεσσαν
Ἀργεῖοι, τέχναν εἰδότες ἐκ προτέρων.
Ἴκκος δὲ ὁ Νικολαΐδα Ταραντῖνος τόν τε Ὀλυμπικὸν στέφανον ἔσχεν ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ καὶ ὕστερον γυμναστὴς ἄριστος λέγεται τῶν ἐφʼ αὑτοῦ γενέσθαι·

[¶40] 10.6. After Iccus stands Pantarces the Elean, beloved of Pheidias, who beat the boys at wrestling. Next to Pantarces is the chariot of Cleosthenes, a man of Epidamnus. This is the work of Ageladas, and it stands behind the Zeus dedicated by the Greeks from the spoil of the battle of Plataea. Cleosthenes' victory occurred at the sixty-sixth Festival, and together with the statues of his horses he dedicated a statue of himself and one of his charioteer.

> Greek: 10.6. μετὰ δὲ Ἴκκον καταπαλαίσας παῖδας Παντάρκης ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος ὁ ἐρώμενος Φειδίου. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Παντάρκει Κλεοσθένους ἐστὶν ἅρμα ἀνδρὸς Ἐπιδαμνίου· τοῦτο ἔργον μέν ἐστιν Ἀγελάδα, ἕστηκε δὲ ὄπισθεν τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης τῆς Πλαταιᾶσιν ἀνατεθέντος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων. ἐνίκα μὲν δὴ τὴν ἕκτην Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ ἑξηκοστὴν ὁ Κλεοσθένης, ἀνέθηκε δὲ ὁμοῦ τοῖς ἵπποις αὑτοῦ τε εἰκόνα καὶ τὸν ἡνίοχον.

[¶41] 10.7. There are inscribed the names of the horses, Phoenix and Corax, and on either side are the horses by the yoke, on the right Cnacias, on the left Samus. This inscription in elegiac verse is on the chariot:—
Cleosthenes, son of Pontis, a native of Epidamnus, dedicated me
After winning with his horses a victory in the glorious games of Zeus.

> Greek: 10.7. ἐπιγέγραπται δὲ καὶ τῶν ἵππων τὰ ὀνόματα Φοῖνιξ καὶ Κόραξ, ἑκατέρωθεν δὲ οἱ παρὰ τὸ ζυγόν, κατὰ μὲν τὰ δεξιὰ Κνακίας, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀριστερᾷ Σάμος· καὶ ἐλεγεῖον τόδε ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ ἅρματι·
Κλεοσθένης μʼ ἀνέθηκεν ὁ Πόντιος ἐξ Ἐπιδάμνου,
νικήσας ἵπποις καλὸν ἀγῶνα Διός.

[¶42] 10.8. This Cleosthenes was the first of those who bred horses in Greece to dedicate his statue at Olympia. For the offering of Evagoras the Laconian consists of the chariot without a figure of Evagoras himself; the offerings of Miltiades the Athenian, which he dedicated at Olympia, I will describe in another part of my story. The Epidamnians occupy the same territory to-day as they did at first, but the modern city is not the ancient one, being at a short distance from it. The modern city is called Dyrrhachium from its founder.

> Greek: 10.8. τῶν δὲ ἱπποτροφησάντων ἐν Ἕλλησι πρῶτος ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν εἰκόνα ἀνέθηκεν ὁ Κλεοσθένης οὗτος. τὰ γὰρ Μιλτιάδου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου καὶ Εὐαγόρου τοῦ Λάκωνος ἀναθήματα, τοῦ μὲν ἅρματά ἐστιν, οὐ μὴν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἅρμασιν Εὐαγόρας· τὰ Μιλτιάδου δέ, ὁποῖα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀνέθηκεν, ἑτέρωθι δὴ δηλώσω τοῦ λόγου. Ἐπιδάμνιοι δὲ χώραν μὲν ἥνπερ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, πόλιν δὲ οὐ τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐπὶ ἡμῶν ἔχουσιν, ἐκείνης δὲ ἀφεστηκυῖαν ὀλίγον· ὄνομα δὲ τῇ πόλει τῇ νῦν Δυρράχιον ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ.

[¶43] 10.9. Lycinus of Heraea, Epicradius of Mantineia, Tellon of Oresthas, and Agiadas of Elis won victories in boys' matches; Lycinus for running, the rest of them for boxing. The artist who made the statue of Epicradius was Ptolichus of Aegina; that of Agiadas was made by Serambus, also a native of Aegina. The statue of Lycinus is the work of Cleon. Who made the statue of Tellon is not related.

> Greek: 10.9. Λυκῖνον δὲ Ἡραιέα καὶ Ἐπικράδιον Μαντινέα καὶ Τέλλωνα Ὀρεσθάσιον καὶ Ἠλεῖον Ἀγιάδαν ἐν παισὶν ἀνελομένους νίκας, Λυκῖνον μὲν δρόμου, τοὺς δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κατειλεγμένους πυγμῆς, Ἐπικράδιον μὲν καὶ Ἀγιάδαν, τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν Πτόλιχος Αἰγινήτης ἐποίησε, τὸν δὲ Ἀγιάδαν Σήραμβος, γένος καὶ οὗτος Αἰγινήτης· Λυκίνου δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀνδριὰς Κλέωνος τέχνη· τὸν δὲ Τέλλωνα ὅστις εἰργάσατο, οὐ μνημονεύουσιν.

[¶44] 11.1. Next to these are offerings of Eleans, representing Philip the son of Amyntas, Alexander the son of Philip, Seleucus and Antigonus. Antigonus is on foot; the rest are on horseback.

> Greek: 11.1. ἐφεξῆς τούτων ἀναθήματά ἐστιν Ἠλείων, Φίλιππος ὁ Ἀμύντου καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Φιλίππου καὶ Σέλευκός τε καὶ Ἀντίγονος· τοῖς μὲν δὴ ἐφʼ ἵππων, Ἀντιγόνῳ δὲ ἀνὴρ πεζός ἐστιν ἡ εἰκών.

[¶45] 11.2. Not far from the kings mentioned stands a Thasian, Theagenes the son of Timosthenes. The Thasians say that Timosthenes was not the father of Theagenes, but a priest of the Thasian Heracles, a phantom of whom in the likeness of Timosthenes had intercourse with the mother of Theagenes. In his ninth year, they say, as he was going home from school, he was attracted by a bronze image of some god or other in the marketplace; so he caught up the image, placed it on one of his shoulders and carried it home.

> Greek: 11.2. τῶν δὲ βασιλέων τῶν εἰρημένων ἕστηκεν οὐ πόρρω Θεαγένης ὁ Τιμοσθένους Θάσιος· Θάσιοι δὲ οὐ Τιμοσθένους παῖδα εἶναι Θεαγένην φασίν, ἀλλὰ ἱερᾶσθαι μὲν Ἡρακλεῖ τὸν Τιμοσθένην Θασίῳ, τοῦ Θεαγένους δὲ τῇ μητρὶ Ἡρακλέους συγγενέσθαι φάσμα ἐοικὸς Τιμοσθένει. ἔνατόν τε δὴ ἔτος εἶναι τῷ παιδὶ καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν διδασκάλων φασὶν ἐς τὴν οἰκίαν ἐρχόμενον ἄγαλμα ὅτου δὴ θεῶν ἀνακείμενον ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ χαλκοῦν—χαίρειν γὰρ τῷ ἀγάλματι αὐτόν—, ἀνασπάσαι τε δὴ τὸ ἄγαλμα καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὤμων ἀναθέμενον ἐνεγκεῖν παρʼ αὑτόν.

[¶46] 11.3. The citizens were enraged at what he had done, but one of them, a respected man of advanced years, bade them not to kill the lad, and ordered him to carry the image from his home back again to the market-place. This he did, and at once became famous for his strength, his feat being noised abroad through-out Greece.

> Greek: 11.3. ἐχόντων δὲ ὀργὴν ἐς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ πεποιημένῳ τῶν πολιτῶν, ἀνήρ τις αὐτῶν δόκιμος καὶ ἡλικίᾳ προήκων ἀποκτεῖναι μὲν σφᾶς τὸν παῖδα οὐκ ἐᾷ, ἐκεῖνον δὲ ἐκέλευσεν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὖθις κομίσαι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐς τὴν ἀγοράν· ὡς δὲ ἤνεγκε, μέγα αὐτίκα ἦν κλέος τοῦ παιδὸς ἐπὶ ἰσχύι, καὶ τὸ ἔργον ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἐβεβόητο τὴν Ἑλλάδα.

[¶47] 11.4. The achievements of Theagenes at the Olympian games have already—the most famous of them—been described in my story, how he beat Euthymus the boxer, and how he was fined by the Eleans. On this occasion the pancratium, it is said, was for the first time on record won without a contest, the victor being Dromeus of Mantineia. At the Festival following this, Theagenes was the winner in the pancratium.

> Greek: 11.4. ὅσα μὲν δὴ ἔργων τῶν Θεαγένους ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἥκει τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν, προεδήλωσεν ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι τὰ δοκιμώτατα ἐξ αὐτῶν, Εὔθυμόν τε ὡς κατεμαχέσατο τὸν πύκτην καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἐπεβλήθη τῷ Θεαγένει ζημία. τότε μὲν δὴ τοῦ παγκρατίου τὴν νίκην ἀνὴρ ἐκ Μαντινείας Δρομεὺς ὄνομα πρῶτος ὧν ἴσμεν ἀκονιτὶ λέγεται λαβεῖν· τὴν δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδα τὴν ἐπὶ ταύτῃ παγκρατιάζων ὁ Θεαγένης ἐκράτει.

[¶48] 11.5. He also won three victories at Pytho. These were for boxing, while nine prizes at Nemea and ten at the Isthmus were won in some cases for the pancratium and in others for boxing. At Phthia in Thessaly he gave up training for boxing and the pancratium. He devoted himself to winning fame among the Greeks for his running also, and beat those who entered for the long race. His ambition was, I think, to rival Achilles by winning a prize for running in the fatherland of the swiftest of those who are called heroes. The total number of crowns that he won was one thousand four hundred.

> Greek: 11.5. γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Πυθοῖ νῖκαι τρεῖς, αὗται μὲν ἐπὶ πυγμῇ, Νεμείων δὲ ἐννέα καὶ Ἰσθμίων δέκα παγκρατίου τε ἀναμὶξ καὶ πυγμῆς. ἐν Φθίᾳ δὲ τῇ Θεσσαλῶν πυγμῆς μὲν ἢ παγκρατίου παρῆκε τὴν σπουδήν, ἐφρόντιζε δὲ ὅπως καὶ ἐπὶ δρόμῳ ἐμφανὴς ἐν Ἕλλησιν εἴη, καὶ τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐς τὸν δόλιχον ἐκράτησεν· ἦν δέ οἱ πρὸς Ἀχιλλέα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὸ φιλοτίμημα, ἐν πατρίδι τοῦ ὠκίστου τῶν καλουμένων ἡρώων ἀνελέσθαι δρόμου νίκην. τοὺς δὲ σύμπαντας στεφάνους τετρακοσίους τε ἔσχε καὶ χιλίους.

[¶49] 11.6. When he departed this life, one of those who were his enemies while he lived came every night to the statue of Theagenes and flogged the bronze as though he were ill-treating Theagenes himself. The statue put an end to the outrage by falling on him, but the sons of the dead man prosecuted the statue for murder. So the Thasians dropped the statue to the bottom of the sea, adopting the principle of Draco, who, when he framed for the Athenians laws to deal with homicide, inflicted banishment even on lifeless things, should one of them fall and kill a man.

> Greek: 11.6. ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθεν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἀνὴρ τῶν τις ἀπηχθημένων ζῶντι αὐτῷ παρεγίνετο ἀνὰ πᾶσαν νύκτα ἐπὶ τοῦ Θεαγένους τὴν εἰκόνα καὶ ἐμαστίγου τὸν χαλκὸν ἅτε αὐτῷ Θεαγένει λυμαινόμενος· καὶ τὸν μὲν ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἐμπεσὼν ὕβρεως παύει, τοῦ ἀνθρώπου δὲ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος οἱ παῖδες τῇ εἰκόνι ἐπεξῄεσαν φόνου. καὶ οἱ Θάσιοι καταποντοῦσι τὴν εἰκόνα ἐπακολουθήσαντες γνώμῃ τῇ Δράκοντος, ὃς Ἀθηναίοις θεσμοὺς γράψας φονικοὺς ὑπερώρισε καὶ τὰ ἄψυχα, εἴγε ἐμπεσόν τι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτείνειεν ἄνθρωπον.