---
title: "Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις"
author: "Pausanias"
translator: "W. H. S. Jones"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
section: 41 of 60
url: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/41/
cite: "Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones, Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις, section 41. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/41/"
---

# Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις

*Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones*

A second-century traveller’s guide to the cities, temples, statues and legends of Greece, from Athens and Corinth to Olympia and Delphi, still used by archaeologists.

> Greek: ed. Friedrich Spiro, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0525.tlg001, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: W. H. S. Jones, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (books, chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 41. Book VIII · chapters 8–13

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/41/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/41/#p-N

[¶0] 8.2. The following story is told by the Arcadians. When Rhea had given birth to Poseidon, she laid him in a flock for him to live there with the lambs, and the spring too received its name just because the lambs pastured around it. Rhea, it is said, declared to Cronus that she had given birth to a horse, and gave him a foal to swallow instead of the child, just as later she gave him in place of Zeus a stone wrapped up in swaddling clothes.

> Greek: 8.2. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοιάδε ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων, Ῥέα ἡνίκα Ποσειδῶνα ἔτεκε, τὸν μὲν ἐς ποίμνην καταθέσθαι δίαιταν ἐνταῦθα ἕξοντα μετὰ τῶν ἀρνῶν, ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ ὀνομασθῆναι καὶ τὴν πηγήν, ὅτι περὶ αὐτὴν ἐποιμαίνοντο οἱ ἄρνες· φάναι δὲ αὐτὴν πρὸς τὸν Κρόνον τεκεῖν ἵππον καί οἱ πῶλον ἵππου καταπιεῖν ἀντὶ τοῦ παιδὸς δοῦναι, καθὰ καὶ ὕστερον ἀντὶ τοῦ Διὸς λίθον ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κατειλημένον σπαργάνοις.

[¶1] 8.3. When I began to write my history I was inclined to count these legends as foolishness, but on getting as far as Arcadia I grew to hold a more thoughtful view of them, which is this. In the days of old those Greeks who were considered wise spoke their sayings not straight out but in riddles, and so the legends about Cronus I conjectured to be one sort of Greek wisdom. In matters of divinity, therefore, I shall adopt the received tradition.

> Greek: 8.3. τούτοις Ἑλλήνων ἐγὼ τοῖς λόγοις ἀρχόμενος μὲν τῆς συγγραφῆς εὐηθίας ἔνεμον πλέον, ἐς δὲ τὰ Ἀρκάδων προεληλυθὼς πρόνοιαν περὶ αὐτῶν τοιάνδε ἐλάμβανον· Ἑλλήνων τοὺς νομιζομένους σοφοὺς διʼ αἰνιγμάτων πάλαι καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος λέγειν τοὺς λόγους, καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα οὖν ἐς τὸν Κρόνον σοφίαν εἶναί τινα εἴκαζον Ἑλλήνων. τῶν μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸ θεῖον ἡκόντων τοῖς εἰρημένοις χρησόμεθα·

[¶2] 8.4. The city of the Mantineans is about twelve stades farther away from this spring. Now there are plain indications that it was in another place that Mantineus the son of Lycaon founded his city, which even to-day is called Ptolis (City) by the Arcadians. From here, in obedience to an oracle, Antinoe, the daughter of Cepheus, the son of Aleus, removed the inhabitants to the modern site, accepting as a guide for the pilgrimage a snake; the breed of snake is not recorded. It is for this reason that the river, which flows by the modern city, has received the name Ophis (Snake).

> Greek: 8.4. Μαντινέων δὲ ἡ πόλις σταδίους μάλιστά που δώδεκά ἐστιν ἀπωτέρω τῆς πηγῆς ταύτης. Μαντινεὺς μὲν οὖν ὁ Λυκάονος ἑτέρωθι φαίνεται οἰκίσας τὴν πόλιν, ἣν ὀνομάζουσι καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι ⟨Πτόλιν⟩ οἱ Ἀρκάδες· ἐκεῖθεν δὲ Ἀντινόη Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου θυγάτηρ κατὰ μάντευμα ἀναστήσασα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἤγαγεν ἐς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον, ὄφιν—ὁποῖον, οὐ μνημονεύουσιν— ἡγεμόνα ποιησαμένη τῆς ὁδοῦ· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὁ παρὰ τὴν πόλιν ῥέων τὴν νῦν ποταμὸς Ὄφις ὄνομα ἔσχηκεν.

[¶3] 8.5. If we may base a conjecture on the verses of Homer, we are led to believe that this snake was a dragon. When in the list of ships he tells how the Greeks abandoned Philoctetes in Lemnos suffering from his wound, he does not style the water-serpent a snake. But the dragon that the eagle dropped among the Trojans he does call a snake. So it is likely that Antinoe's guide also was a dragon.

> Greek: 8.5. εἰ δὲ Ὁμήρου χρὴ τεκμαιρόμενον τοῖς ἔπεσι συμβαλέσθαι γνώμην, τὸν ὄφιν τοῦτον δράκοντα εἶναι πείθομαι. περὶ Φιλοκτήτου μὲν ἐν νεῶν καταλόγῳ ποιήσας ὡς ἀπολίποιεν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐν Λήμνῳ ταλαιπωροῦντα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἕλκους, ἐπίκλησιν [δὲ] οὐκ ἔθετο ὄφιν τῷ ὕδρῳ· τὸν δράκοντα δέ, ὃν ἐς τοὺς Τρῶας ἀφῆκεν ὁ ἀετός, ἐκάλεσεν ὄφιν. οὕτω τὸ εἰκὸς ἔχει καὶ τῇ Ἀντινόῃ τὸν ἡγεμόνα γενέσθαι δράκοντα.

[¶4] 8.6. The Mantineans did not fight on the side of the other Arcadians against the Lacedaemonians at Dipaea, but in the Peloponnesian war they rose with the Eleans against the Lacedaemonians, and joined in battle with them after the arrival of reinforcements from Athens. Their friendship with the Athenians led them to take part also in the Sicilian expedition.

> Greek: 8.6. Μαντινεῖς δὲ μάχην μὲν τὴν ἐν Διπαιεῦσιν οὐκ ἐμαχέσαντο πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους μετὰ Ἀρκάδων τῶν ἄλλων, ἐν δὲ τῷ Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων πολέμῳ συνέστησαν ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μετὰ Ἠλείων, καὶ παραγενομένου συμμαχικοῦ σφισιν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐναντία ἐμαχέσαντο· μετέσχον δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἐς Σικελίαν στόλου κατὰ Ἀθηναίων φιλίαν.

[¶5] 8.7. Later on a Lacedaemonian army under Agesipolis, the son of Pausanias, invaded their territory. Agesipolis was victorious in the battle and shut up the Mantineans within their walls, capturing the city shortly after. He did not take it by storm, but turned the river Ophis against its fortifications, which were made of unburnt brick.

> Greek: 8.7. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Λακεδαιμονίων στρατιὰ καὶ Ἀγησίπολις ὁ Παυσανίου βασιλεὺς ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Μαντινικήν. ὡς δὲ ἐκράτησεν ὁ Ἀγησίπολις τῇ μάχῃ καὶ ἐς τὸ τεῖχος κατέκλεισε τοὺς Μαντινέας, εἷλεν οὐ μετὰ πολὺ τὴν πόλιν, οὐ πολιορκίᾳ κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρόν, τὸν δὲ Ὄφιν ποταμὸν ἀποστρέψας σφίσιν ἐς τὸ τεῖχος ὠμῆς ᾠκοδομημένον τῆς πλίνθου.

[¶6] 8.8. Now against the blows of engines brick brings greater security than fortifications built of stone. For stones break and are dislodged from their fittings; brick, however, does not suffer so much from engines, but it crumbles under the action of water just as wax is melted by the sun.

> Greek: 8.8. ἐς μὲν δὴ μηχανημάτων ἐμβολὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἡ πλίνθος παρέχεται μᾶλλον ἢ ὁπόσα λίθου πεποιημένα ἐστίν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ κατάγνυνταί τε καὶ ἐκπηδῶσιν ἐκ τῶν ἁρμονιῶν, ἡ δὲ πλίνθος ἐκ μηχανημάτων μὲν οὐχ ὁμοίως πονεῖ, διαλύεται δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου κηρός.

[¶7] 8.9. This method of demolishing the fortifications of the Mantineans was not discovered by Agesipolis. It was a stratagem invented at an earlier date by Cimon, the son of Miltiades, when he was besieging Boges and the other Persians who were holding Eion on the Strymon. Agesipolis only copied an established custom, and one celebrated among the Greeks. After taking Mantineia, he left a small part of it inhabited, but by far the greater part he razed to the ground, settling the inhabitants in villages.

> Greek: 8.9. τοῦτο οὐκ Ἀγησίπολις τὸ στρατήγημα ἐς τὸ τεῖχος τῶν Μαντινέων ἐστὶν ὁ συνείς, ἀλλὰ πρότερον ἔτι Κίμωνι ἐξευρέθη τῷ Μιλτιάδου Βόγην πολιορκοῦντι ἄνδρα Μῆδον καὶ ὅσοι Περσῶν Ἠιόνα τὴν ἐπὶ Στρυμόνι εἶχον· Ἀγησίπολις δὲ καθεστηκὸς καὶ ᾀδόμενον ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ἐμιμήσατο. ὡς δὲ εἷλε τὴν Μαντίνειαν, ὀλίγον μέν τι κατέλιπεν οἰκεῖσθαι, τὸ πλεῖστον δὲ ἐς ἔδαφος καταβαλὼν αὐτῆς κατὰ κώμας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους διῴκισε.

[¶8] 8.10. Fate decreed that the Thebans should restore the Mantineans from the villages to their own country after the engagement at Leuctra, but when restored they proved far from grateful. They were caught treating with the Lacedaemonians and intriguing for a peace with them privately without reference to the rest of the Arcadian people. So through their fear of the Thebans they openly changed sides and joined the Lacedaemonian confederacy, and when the battle took place at Mantineia between the Lacedaemonians and the Thebans under Epaminondas, the Mantineans joined the ranks of the Lacedaemonians.

> Greek: 8.10. Μαντινέας δὲ ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν κατάξειν ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ἔμελλον Θηβαῖοι μετὰ τὸ ἔργον τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις. κατελθόντες δὲ οὐ τὰ πάντα ἐγένοντο δίκαιοι· περιληφθέντες δὲ ἐπικηρυκευόμενοι Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ εἰρήνην ἰδίᾳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἄνευ τοῦ Ἀρκάδων κοινοῦ πράσσοντες, οὕτω διὰ τὸ δέος τῶν Θηβαίων ἐς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν μετεβάλοντο ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, καὶ τῆς Μαντινικῆς πρὸς Ἐπαμινώνδαν καὶ Θηβαίους μάχης Λακεδαιμονίων γινομένης ὁμοῦ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐτάξαντο οἱ Μαντινεῖς.

[¶9] 8.11. Subsequently the Mantineans quarrelled with the Lacedaemonians, and seceded from them to the Achaean League. They defeated Agis, the son of Eudamidas, king of Sparta, in defence of their own country, with the help of an Achaean army under the leadership of Aratus. They also joined the Achaeans in their struggle against Cleomenes and helped to destroy the Lacedaemonian power. Antigonus of Macedonia, who was guardian of Philip, the father of Perseus, before he came of age, was an ardent supporter of the Achaeans, and so the Mantineans, among other honors, changed the name of their city to Antigoneia.

> Greek: 8.11. τούτων δὲ ὕστερον διαφορὰ ἐγένετο Μαντινεῦσιν ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μετέστησαν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν· καὶ Ἆγιν τὸν Εὐδαμίδου βασιλεύοντα ἐν Σπάρτῃ νικῶσιν ἀμύνοντες τῇ σφετέρᾳ, νικῶσι δὲ προσλαβόντες Ἀχαιῶν στρατιὰν καὶ Ἄρατον ἡγεμόνα ἐπʼ αὐτῇ. μετέσχον δὲ καὶ πρὸς Κλεομένην τοῦ ἔργου τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ συγκαθεῖλον Λακεδαιμονίων τὴν ἰσχύν. Ἀντιγόνου δὲ ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ Φίλιππον τὸν Περσέως πατέρα ἔτι παῖδα ἐπιτροπεύοντος καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ὄντος ἐπιτηδείου, ἄλλα τε ἐς τιμὴν αὐτοῦ Μαντινεῦσιν ἐποιήθη καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει μετέθεντο Ἀντιγόνειαν.

[¶10] 8.12. Afterwards, when Augustus was about to fight the naval engagement off the cape of Actian Apollo, the Mantineans fought on the side of the Romans, while the rest of Arcadia joined the ranks of Antonius, for no other reason, so it seems to me, except that the Lacedaemonians favoured the cause of Augustus. Ten generations afterwards, when Hadrian became Emperor, he took away from the Mantineans the name imported from Macedonia, and gave back to their city its old name of Mantineia.

> Greek: 8.12. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Αὐγούστου πρὸς τῇ ἄκρᾳ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Ἀκτίου ναυμαχήσειν μέλλοντος Μαντινεῖς ἐμαχέσαντο ὁμοῦ Ῥωμαίοις, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν συνετάχθησαν Ἀντωνίῳ, κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν οὐδέν, ὅτι δὲ ἐφρόνουν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰ Αὐγούστου. δέκα δὲ ὕστερον γενεαῖς ἐβασίλευσέ τε Ἀδριανὸς καὶ ἀφελὼν Μαντινεῦσι τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἐκ Μακεδονίας ἐπακτὸν ἀπέδωκεν αὖθις Μαντίνειαν καλεῖσθαί σφισι τὴν πόλιν.

[¶11] 9.1. The Mantineans possess a temple composed of two parts, being divided almost exactly at the middle by a wall. In one part of the temple is an image of Asclepius, made by Alcamenes; the other part is a sanctuary of Leto and her children, and their images were made by Praxiteles two generations after Alcamenes. On the pedestal of these are figures of Muses together with Marsyas playing the flute. Here there is a figure of Polybius, the son of Lycortas, carved in relief upon a slab, of whom I shall make fuller mention later on.

> Greek: 9.1. ἔστι δὲ Μαντινεῦσι ναὸς διπλοῦς μάλιστά που κατὰ μέσον τοίχῳ διειργόμενος· τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ τῇ μὲν ἄγαλμά ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ, τέχνη [δὲ] Ἀλκαμένους, τὸ δὲ ἕτερον Λητοῦς ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ τῶν παίδων· Πραξιτέλης δὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα εἰργάσατο τρίτῃ μετὰ Ἀλκαμένην ὕστερον γενεᾷ. τούτων πεποιημένα ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ Μοῦσαι καὶ Μαρσύας αὐλῶν. ἐνταῦθα ἀνὴρ ἐπείργασται στήλῃ Πολύβιος ὁ Λυκόρτα·

[¶12] 9.2. The Mantineans have other sanctuaries also, one of Zeus Saviour, and one of Zeus Giver of Gifts, in that he gives good things to men. There is also a sanctuary of the Dioscuri, and in another place one of Demeter and the Maid. Here they keep a fire, taking anxious care not to let it go out. Near the theater I saw a temple of Hera.

> Greek: 9.2. καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἐπιμνησθησόμεθα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτα, Μαντινεῦσι δέ ἐστι καὶ ἄλλα ἱερά, τὸ μὲν Σωτῆρος Διός, τὸ δὲ Ἐπιδώτου καλουμένου· ἐπιδιδόναι γὰρ δὴ ἀγαθὰ αὐτὸν ἀνθρώποις. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Διοσκούρων καὶ ἑτέρωθι Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης ἱερόν· πῦρ δὲ ἐνταῦθα καίουσι, ποιούμενοι φροντίδα μὴ λάθῃ σφίσιν ἀποσβεσθέν. καὶ Ἥρας πρὸς τῷ θεάτρῳ ναὸν ἐθεασάμην·

[¶13] 9.3. Praxiteles made the images Hera is sitting, while Athena and Hera's daughter Hebe are standing by her side. Near the altar of Hera is the grave of Arcas, the son of Callisto. The bones of Arcas they brought from Maenalus, in obedience to an oracle delivered to them from Delphi:— Maenalia is storm-swept, where lies
Arcas, from whom all Arcadians are named,
In a place where meet three, four, even five roads;
Thither I bid you go, and with kind heart
Take up Arcas and bring him back to your lovely city.

> Greek: 9.3. Πραξιτέλης δὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα αὐτήν τε καθημένην ἐν θρόνῳ καὶ παρεστώσας ἐποίησεν Ἀθηνᾶν καὶ Ἥβην παῖδα Ἥρας. πρὸς δὲ τῆς Ἥρας τῷ βωμῷ καὶ Ἀρκάδος τάφος τοῦ Καλλιστοῦς ἐστι· τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος ἐπηγάγοντο ἐκ Μαινάλου, χρησμοῦ σφισιν ἐλθόντος ἐκ Δελφῶν·

[¶14] 9.4. There make Arcas a precinct and sacrifices.
This place, where the grave of Arcas is, they call Altars of the Sun. Not far from the theater are famous tombs, one called Common Hearth, round in shape, where, they told me, lies Antinoe, the daughter of Cepheus. On it stands a slab, on which is carved in relief a horseman, Grylus, the son of Xenophon.

> Greek: 9.4. ἔστι δὲ Μαιναλίη δυσχείμερος, ἔνθα τε κεῖται
Ἀρκάς, ἀφʼ οὗ δὴ πάντες ἐπίκλησιν καλέονται,
οὗ τρίοδος καὶ τετράοδος καὶ πεντακέλευθος.
ἔνθα σʼ ἐγὼ κέλομαι στείχειν καὶ ἐύφρονι θυμῷ
Ἀρκάδʼ ἀειραμένους κατάγειν εἰς ἄστυ ἐραννόν·
ἔνθα τε δὴ τέμενός τε θυηλάς τʼ Ἀρκάδι τεύχειν.
τὸ δὲ χωρίον τοῦτο, ἔνθα ὁ τάφος ἐστὶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος, καλοῦσιν Ἡλίου βωμούς. τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ οὐ πόρρω μνήματα προήκοντά ἐστιν ἐς δόξαν, τὸ μὲν Ἑστία καλουμένη κοινή, περιφερὲς σχῆμα ἔχουσα· Ἀντινόην δὲ αὐτόθι ἐλέγετο κεῖσθαι τὴν Κηφέως· τῷ δὲ στήλη τε ἐφέστηκε καὶ ἀνὴρ ἱππεὺς ἐπειργασμένος ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῇ στήλῃ, Γρύλος ὁ Ξενοφῶντος.

[¶15] 9.6. Behind the theater I found the remains, with an image, of a temple of Aphrodite surnamed Ally. The inscription on the pedestal announced that the image was dedicated by Nicippe, the daughter of Paseas. This sanctuary was made by the Mantineans to remind posterity of their fighting on the side of the Romans at the battle of Actium. They also worship Athena Alea, of whom they have a sanctuary and an image.

> Greek: 9.6. τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ ὄπισθεν ναοῦ τε Ἀφροδίτης ἐπίκλησιν Συμμαχίας ἐρείπια καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐλείπετο· τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα ⟨τὸ⟩ ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ τὴν ἀναθεῖσαν τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐδήλου θυγατέρα εἶναι Πασέου Νικίππην. τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν κατεσκευάσαντο τοῦτο οἱ Μαντινεῖς ὑπόμνημα ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα τῆς ὁμοῦ Ῥωμαίοις ἐπʼ Ἀκτίῳ ναυμαχίας. σέβουσι δὲ καὶ Ἀθηνᾶν Ἀλέαν, καὶ ἱερόν τε καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστιν Ἀλέας αὐτοῖς.

[¶16] 9.7. Antinous too was deified by them; his temple is the newest in Mantineia. He was a great favorite of the Emperor Hadrian. I never saw him in the flesh, but I have seen images and pictures of him. He has honors in other places also, and on the Nile is an Egyptian city named after Antinous. He has won worship in Mantineia for the following reason. Antinous was by birth from Bithynium beyond the river Sangarius, and the Bithynians are by descent Arcadians of Mantineia.

> Greek: 9.7. ἐνομίσθη δὲ καὶ Ἀντίνους σφίσιν εἶναι θεός· τῶν δὲ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ νεώτατός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ Ἀντίνου ναός. οὗτος ἐσπουδάσθη περισσῶς δή τι ὑπὸ βασιλέως Ἀδριανοῦ· ἐγὼ δὲ μετʼ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἔτι αὐτὸν ὄντα οὐκ εἶδον, ἐν δὲ ἀγάλμασιν εἶδον καὶ ἐν γραφαῖς. ἔχει μὲν δὴ γέρα καὶ ἑτέρωθι, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ Νείλῳ πόλις Αἰγυπτίων ἐστὶν ἐπώνυμος Ἀντίνου· τιμὰς δὲ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ κατὰ τοιόνδε ἔσχηκε. γένος ἦν ὁ Ἀντίνους ἐκ Βιθυνίου τῆς ὑπὲρ Σαγγαρίου ποταμοῦ· οἱ δὲ Βιθυνιεῖς Ἀρκάδες τέ εἰσι καὶ Μαντινεῖς τὰ ἄνωθεν.

[¶17] 9.8. For this reason the Emperor established his worship in Mantineia also; mystic rites are celebrated in his honor each year, and games every four years. There is a building in the gymnasium of Mantineia containing statues of Antinous, and remarkable for the stones with which it is adorned, and especially so for its pictures. Most of them are portraits of Antinous, who is made to look just like Dionysus. There is also a copy here of the painting in the Cerameicus which represented the engagement of the Athenians at Mantineia.

> Greek: 9.8. τούτων ἕνεκα ὁ βασιλεὺς κατεστήσατο αὐτῷ καὶ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ τιμάς, καὶ τελετή τε κατὰ ἔτος ἕκαστον καὶ ἀγών ἐστιν αὐτῷ διὰ ἔτους πέμπτου. οἶκος δέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ Μαντινεῦσιν ἀγάλματα ἔχων Ἀντίνου καὶ ἐς τἄλλα θέας ἄξιος λίθων ἕνεκα οἷς κεκόσμηται καὶ ἀπιδόντι ἐς τὰς γραφάς· αἱ δὲ Ἀντίνου εἰσὶν αἱ πολλαί, Διονύσῳ μάλιστα εἰκασμέναι. καὶ δὴ καὶ τῆς ἐν Κεραμεικῷ γραφῆς, ἣ τὸ ἔργον εἶχε τὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐν Μαντινείᾳ, καὶ ταύτης αὐτόθι ἐστὶ μίμημα.

[¶18] 9.9. In the market-place is a bronze portrait-statue of a woman, said by the Mantineans to be Diomeneia, the daughter of Arcas, and a hero-shrine of Podares, who was killed, they say, in the battle with the Thebaus under Epaminondas. Three generations ago they changed the inscription on the grave and made it apply to a descendant of this Podares with the same name, who was born late enough to have Roman citizenship.

> Greek: 9.9. Μαντινεῦσι δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ γυναικός τε εἰκὼν χαλκῆ—[καὶ] Μαντινεῖς καλοῦσι Διομένειαν Ἀρκάδος —καὶ ἡρῷόν ἐστι Ποδάρου· φασὶ δὲ ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἐπαμινώνδαν καὶ Θηβαίους μάχῃ. γενεαῖς δὲ τρισὶν ἐμοῦ πρότερον μετέθεσαν τοῦ τάφου τὸ ἐπίγραμμα ἐς ἄνδρα ἀπόγονον μὲν ἐκείνου Ποδάρου καὶ ὁμώνυμον, γεγονότα δὲ καθʼ ἡλικίαν ὡς πολιτείας ἤδη Ῥωμαίων μετειληφέναι.

[¶19] 9.10. In my time the elder Podares was honored by the Mantineans, who said that he who proved the bravest in the battle, of themselves and of their allies, was Grylus, the son of Xenophon; next to Grylus was Cephisodorus of Marathon, who at the time commanded the Athenian horse. The third place for valor they give to Podares.

> Greek: 9.10. Ποδάρην δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἀρχαῖον ἐτίμων οἱ Μαντινεῖς, λέγοντες ὡς ἄριστος μὲν καὶ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν συμμάχων γένοιτο ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Γρύλος ὁ Ξενοφῶντος, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Γρύλῳ Κηφισόδωρος Μαραθώνιος, οὗτος δὲ τηνικαῦτα Ἀθηναίοις ἐτύγχανεν ἱππαρχῶν· τρίτα δὲ ἀνδραγαθίας Ποδάρῃ νέμουσιν.

[¶20] 10.1. There are roads leading from Mantineia into the rest of Arcadia, and I will go on to describe the most noteworthy objects on each of them. On the left of the highway leading to Tegea there is, beside the walls of Mantineia, a place where horses race, and not far from it is a race-course, where they celebrate the games in honor of Antinous. Above the race-course is Mount Alesium, so called from the wandering (ale) of Rhea, on which is a grove of Demeter.

> Greek: 10.1. ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν δὲ τὴν ἄλλην εἰσὶν ἐκ Μαντινείας ὁδοί· ὁπόσα δὲ ἐφʼ ἑκάστης αὐτῶν μάλιστα ἦν θέας ἄξια, ἐπέξειμι καὶ ταῦτα. ἰόντι ἐς Τεγέαν ἐστὶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς λεωφόρου παρὰ τοῖς Μαντινέων τείχεσι χωρίον ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον καὶ οὐ πόρρω τούτου στάδιον, ἔνθα ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀντίνῳ τὸν ἀγῶνα τιθέασιν. ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ σταδίου τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶ τὸ Ἀλήσιον, διὰ τὴν ἄλην ὥς φασι καλούμενον τὴν Ῥέας, καὶ Δήμητρος ἄλσος ἐν τῷ ὄρει.

[¶21] 10.2. By the foot of the mountain is the sanctuary of Horse Poseidon, not more than six stades distant from Mantineia. About this sanctuary I, like everyone else who has mentioned it, can write only what I have heard. The modern sanctuary was built by the Emperor Hadrian, who set overseers over the workmen, so that nobody might look into the old sanctuary, and none of the ruins be removed. He ordered them to build around the new temple. Originally, they say, this sanctuary was built for Poseidon by Agamedes and Trophonius, who worked oak logs and fitted them together.

> Greek: 10.2. παρὰ δὲ τοῦ ὄρους τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ Ποσειδῶνός ἐστι τοῦ Ἱππίου τὸ ἱερόν, οὐ πρόσω σταδίου Μαντινείας. τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐγώ τε ἀκοὴν γράφω καὶ ὅσοι μνήμην ἄλλοι περὶ αὐτοῦ πεποίηνται. τὸ μὲν δὴ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ᾠκοδομήσατο Ἀδριανὸς βασιλεύς, ἐπιστήσας τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις ἐπόπτας ἄνδρας, ὡς μήτε ἐνίδοι τις ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἀρχαῖον μήτε τῶν ἐρειπίων τι αὐτοῦ μετακινοῖτο· πέριξ δὲ ἐκέλευε τὸν ναὸν σφᾶς οἰκοδομεῖσθαι τὸν καινόν. τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τῷ Ποσειδῶνι τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο Ἀγαμήδης λέγονται καὶ Τροφώνιος ποιῆσαι, δρυῶν ξύλα ἐργασάμενοι καὶ ἁρμόσαντες πρὸς ἄλληλα·

[¶22] 10.3. They set up no barrier at the entrance to prevent men going inside; but they stretched across it a thread of wool. Perhaps they thought that even this would strike fear into the religious people of that time, and perhaps there was also some power in the thread. It is notorious that even Aepytus, the son of Hippothous, entered the sanctuary neither by jumping over the thread nor by slipping under it, but by cutting it through. For this sin he was blinded by a wave that dashed on to his eyes, and forthwith his life left him.

> Greek: 10.3. ἐσόδου δὲ ἐς αὐτὸ εἴργοντες ἀνθρώπους ἔρυμα μὲν πρὸ τῆς ἐσόδου προεβάλοντο οὐδέν, μίτον δὲ διατείνουσιν ἐρεοῦν, τάχα μέν που τοῖς τότε ἄγουσι τὰ θεῖα ἐν τιμῇ δεῖμα καὶ τοῦτο ἔσεσθαι νομίζοντες, τάχα δʼ ἄν τι μετείη καὶ ἰσχύος τῷ μίτῳ. φαίνεται δὲ καὶ Αἴπυτος ὁ Ἱππόθου μήτε πηδήσας ὑπὲρ τὸν μίτον μήτε ὑποδύς, διακόψας δὲ αὐτὸν ἐσελθὼν ἐς τὸ ἱερόν· καὶ ποιήσας οὐχ ὅσια ἐτυφλώθη τε ἐμπεσόντος ἐς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῷ τοῦ κύματος καὶ αὐτίκα ἐπιλαμβάνει τὸ χρεὼν αὐτόν.

[¶23] 10.4. There is an old legend that a wave of sea-water rises up in the sanctuary. A like story is told by the Athenians about the wave on the Acropolis, and by the Carians living in Mylasa about the sanctuary of the god called in the native tongue Osogoa. But the sea at Phalerum is about twenty stades distant from Athens, and the port of Mylasa is eighty stades from the city. But at Mantineia the sea rises after a very long distance, and quite plainly through the divine will.

> Greek: 10.4. θαλάσσης δὲ ἀναφαίνεσθαι κῦμα ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ λόγος ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖος· ἐοικότα δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι λέγουσιν ἐς τὸ κῦμα τὸ ἐν ἀκροπόλει καὶ Καρῶν οἱ Μύλασα ἔχοντες ἐς τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἱερόν, ὃν φωνῇ τῇ ἐπιχωρίᾳ καλοῦσιν Ὀσογῶα. Ἀθηναίοις μὲν δὴ σταδίους μάλιστα εἴκοσιν ἀφέστηκε τῆς πόλεως ἡ πρὸς Φαληρῷ θάλασσα, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Μυλασεῦσιν ἐπίνειον σταδίους ὀγδοήκοντα ἀπέχον ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως· Μαντινεῦσι δὲ ἐκ μακροτάτων τε ἡ θάλασσα ἄνεισι ⟨καὶ⟩ ἐκφανέστατα δὴ κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ γνώμην.

[¶24] 10.5. Beyond the sanctuary of Poseidon is a trophy made of stone commemorating the victory over the Lacedaemonians under Agis. The course of the battle was, it is said, after this wise. The right wing was held by the Mantineans themselves, who put into the field all of military age under the command of Podares, the grandson of the Podares who fought against the Thebans. They had with them also the Elean seer Thrasybulus, the son of Aeneas, one of the Iamids. This man foretold a victory for the Mantineans and took a personal part in the fighting.

> Greek: 10.5. πέραν δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τρόπαιόν ἐστι λίθου πεποιημένον ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἄγιδος· λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὁ τρόπος τῆς μάχης. τὸ μὲν δεξιὸν εἶχον οἱ Μαντινεῖς αὐτοί, στρατιάν τε ἀπὸ πάσης ἡλικίας καὶ στρατηγὸν παρεχόμενοι Ποδάρην ἀπόγονον τρίτον Ποδάρου τοῦ Θηβαίοις ἐναντία ἀγωνισαμένου, παρῆν δέ σφισι καὶ μάντις Ἠλεῖος Θρασύβουλος Αἰνέου τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν—οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ νίκην τε τοῖς Μαντινεῦσι προηγόρευσε καὶ αὐτός σφισι τοῦ ἔργου μετέσχεν—·

[¶25] 10.6. On the left wing was stationed all the rest of the Arcadian army, each city under its own leader, the contingent of Megalopolis being led by Lydiades and Leocydes. The center was entrusted to Aratus, with the Sicyonians and the Achaeans. The Lacedaemonians under Agis, who with the royal staff officers were in the center, extended their line so as to make it equal in length to that of their enemies.

> Greek: 10.6. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ πᾶν τὸ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν ἐτάσσοντο, ἄρχοντες δὲ κατὰ πόλεις τε ἦσαν καὶ Μεγαλοπολιτῶν Λυδιάδης καὶ Λεωκύδης· Ἀράτῳ δὲ ἐπετέτραπτο καὶ Σικυωνίοις τε καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς τὸ μέσον. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἆγις ἐπεξέτειναν τὴν φάλαγγα, ὡς τῶν ἐναντίων τῷ στρατεύματι ἀντιπαρήκοιεν· τὸ μέσον δὲ Ἆγις καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα εἶχον.

[¶26] 10.7. Aratus, acting on an arrangement with the Arcadians, fell back with his command, as though the pressure of the Lacedaemonians was too severe. As they gave way they gradually made their formation crescent-shaped. The Lacedaemonians under Agis, thinking that victory was theirs, pressed in close order yet harder on Aratus and his men. They were followed by those on the wings, who thought it a great achievement to put to flight Aratus and his host.

> Greek: 10.7. Ἄρατος δὲ ἀπὸ συγκειμένου πρὸς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ὑπέφευγεν αὐτός τε καὶ ὁ σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸς οἷα δὴ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων· ὑποφεύγοντες δὲ ἅμα τὸ σύνταγμα σφῶν ἠρέμα ἐποίουν μηνοειδές. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἆγις νίκην τε ἤλπιζον καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἄρατον ἐνέκειντο ἀθρόοι μᾶλλον· ἐπηκολούθουν δέ σφισι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κεράτων, Ἄρατον καὶ τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιὰν τρέψασθαι μέγα ἀγώνισμα ἡγούμενοι.

[¶27] 10.8. But the Arcadians got in their rear unperceived, and the Lacedaemonians were surrounded, losing the greater part of their army, while King Agis himself fell, the son of Eudamidas. The Mantineans affirmed that Poseidon too manifested himself in their defence, and for this reason they erected a trophy as an offering to Poseidon.

> Greek: 10.8. ἔλαθόν τε δὴ κατὰ νώτου γενόμενοί σφισιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι κυκλωθέντες τῆς ⟨τε⟩ ἄλλης στρατιᾶς τὸ πολὺ ἀποβάλλουσι καὶ βασιλεὺς ἔπεσεν Ἆγις Εὐδαμίδου. φανῆναι δὲ καὶ τὸν Ποσειδῶνα ἀμύνοντά σφισιν ἔφασαν οἱ Μαντινεῖς, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα τρόπαιον ἐποιήσαντο ἀνάθημα τῷ Ποσειδῶνι.

[¶28] 10.9. That gods were present at war and slaughter of men has been told by the poets who have treated of the sufferings of heroes at Troy, and the Athenians relate in song how gods sided with them at Marathon and at the battle of Salamis. Very plainly the host of the Gauls was destroyed at Delphi by the god, and manifestly by demons. So there is precedent for the story of the Mantineans that they won their victory by the aid of Poseidon.

> Greek: 10.9. πολέμῳ δὲ καὶ ἀνθρώπων φόνοις παρεῖναι θεοὺς ἐποίησαν μὲν ὅσοις τὰ ἡρώων ἐμέλησεν ἐν Ἰλίῳ παθήματα, ᾄδεται δὲ ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ὡς θεοί σφισιν ἐν Μαραθῶνι καὶ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι τοῦ ἔργου μετάσχοιεν· ἐκδηλότατα δὲ ὁ Γαλατῶν στρατὸς ἀπώλετο ἐν Δελφοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐναργῶς ὑπὸ δαιμόνων. οὕτω καὶ Μαντινεῦσιν ἕπεται οὐκ ἄνευ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ κράτος γενέσθαι σφίσι.

[¶29] 10.10. Arcesilaus, an ancestor, ninth in descent, of' Leocydes, who with Lydiades was general of the Megalopolitans, is said by the Arcadians to have seen, when dwelling in Lycosura, the sacred deer, enfeebled with age, of the goddess called Lady. This deer, they say, had a collar round its neck, with writing on the collar:—
I was a fawn when captured, at the time when Agapenor went to Troy.
This story proves that the deer is an animal much longer-lived even than the elephant.

> Greek: 10.10. Λεωκύδους δὲ τοῦ Μεγαλοπολιτῶν ὁμοῦ Λυδιάδῃ στρατηγήσαντος πρόγονον ἔνατον Ἀρκεσίλαον οἰκοῦντα ἐν Λυκοσούρᾳ λέγουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες ὡς ἴδοι τὴν ἱερὰν τῆς καλουμένης Δεσποίνης ἔλαφον πεπονηκυῖαν ὑπὸ γήρως· τῇ δὲ ἐλάφῳ ταύτῃ ψάλιόν τε εἶναι περὶ τὸν τράχηλον καὶ γράμματα ἐπὶ τῷ ψαλίῳ,
νεβρὸς ἐὼν ἑάλων, ὅτʼ ἐς Ἴλιον ἦν Ἀγαπήνωρ.
οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἐπιδείκνυσιν ὁ λόγος ἔλαφον εἶναι πολλῷ καὶ ἐλέφαντος μακροβιώτερον θηρίον·

[¶30] 11.1. After the sanctuary of Poseidon you will come to a place full of oak trees, called Sea, and the road from Mantineia to Tegea leads through the oaks. The boundary between Mantineia and Tegea is the round altar on the highroad. If you will turn aside to the left from the sanctuary of Poseidon, you will reach, after going just about five stades, the graves of the daughters of Pelias. These, the Mantineans say, came to live with them when they were fleeing from the scandal at their father's death.

> Greek: 11.1. μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος χωρίον ὑποδέξεταί σε δρυῶν πλῆρες, καλούμενον Πέλαγος, καὶ ἐκ Μαντινείας ἡ ἐς Τεγέαν ὁδὸς φέρει διὰ τῶν δρυῶν. Μαντινεῦσι δὲ ὅροι πρὸς Τεγεάτας εἰσὶν ὁ περιφερὴς ἐν τῇ λεωφόρῳ βωμός. εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἐς ἀριστερὰν ἐκτραπῆναι θελήσειας, σταδίους τε ἥξεις μάλιστά που πέντε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Πελίου θυγατέρων ἀφίξῃ τοὺς τάφους· ταύτας φασὶν οἱ Μαντινεῖς μετοικῆσαι ⟨παρὰ⟩ σφᾶς, τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ θανάτῳ τοῦ πατρὸς ὀνείδη φευγούσας.

[¶31] 11.2. Now when Medea reached Iolcus, she immediately began to plot against Pelias; she was really conspiring with Jason, while pretending to be at variance with him. She promised the daughters of Pelias that, if they wished, she would restore his youth to their father, now a very old man. Having butchered in some way a ram, she boiled his flesh with drugs in a pot, by the aid of which she took out of the pot a live lamb.

> Greek: 11.2. ὡς γὰρ δὴ ἀφίκετο ἡ Μήδεια ἐς Ἰωλκόν, αὐτίκα ἐπεβούλευε τῷ Πελίᾳ, τῷ ἔργῳ μὲν συμπράσσουσα τῷ Ἰάσονι, τῷ λόγῳ δὲ ἀπεχθανομένη. ἐπαγγέλλεται τοῦ Πελίου ταῖς θυγατράσιν ὡς τὸν πατέρα αὐταῖς, ἢν ἐθέλωσιν, ἀποφανοῖ νέον ἀντὶ γέροντος παλαιοῦ· κατασφάξασα δὲ ὅτῳ ⟨δὴ⟩ τρόπῳ κριὸν τὰ κρέα ὁμοῦ φαρμάκοις ἐν λέβητι ἥψησεν, οἷς ἐκ τοῦ λέβητος τὸν κριὸν τὸν ἑψόμενον ἄρνα ἐξήγαγε ζῶντα·

[¶32] 11.3. So she took Pelias and cut him up to boil him, hut what the daughters received was not enough to bury. This result forced the women to change their home to Arcadia, and after their death mounds were made there for their tombs. No poet, so far as I have read, has given them names, but the painter Micon inscribed on their portraits Asteropeia and Antinoe.

> Greek: 11.3. παραλαμβάνει τε δὴ τὸν Πελίαν κατακόψασα ἑψῆσαι, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκομίσαντο αἱ θυγατέρες οὐδὲ ἐς ταφὴν ἔτι ἐπιτήδειον. τοῦτο ἠνάγκασε τὰς γυναῖκας ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν μετοικῆσαι, καὶ ἀποθανούσαις τὰ μνήματα ἐχώσθη σφίσιν αὐτοῦ· ὀνόματα δὲ αὐταῖς ποιητὴς μὲν ἔθετο οὐδείς, ὅσα γε ἐπελεξάμεθα ἡμεῖς, Μίκων δὲ ὁ ζωγράφος Ἀστερόπειάν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἀντινόην ἐπὶ ταῖς εἰκόσιν αὐτῶν ἐπέγραψεν.

[¶33] 11.4. A Place called Phoezon is about twenty stades distant from these graves. Phoezon is a tomb of stone surrounded with a basement, raised only a little above the ground. At this point the road becomes very narrow, and here, they say, is the tomb of Areithous, surnamed Corynetes (Clubman) because of his weapon.

> Greek: 11.4. χωρίον δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον Φοίζων περὶ εἴκοσί που σταδίους τῶν τάφων ἐστὶν ἀπωτέρω τούτων· ⟨ὁ⟩ δὲ Φοίζων μνῆμά ἐστι λίθου περιεχόμενον κρηπῖδι, ἀνέχον δὲ οὐ πολὺ ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς. κατὰ τοῦτο ἥ τε ὁδὸς μάλιστα στενὴ γίνεται καὶ τὸ μνῆμα Ἀρηιθόου λέγουσιν εἶναι, Κορυνήτου διὰ τὸ ὅπλον ἐπονομασθέντος.

[¶34] 11.5. As you go along the road leading from Mantineia to Pallantium, at a distance of about thirty stades, the highway is skirted by the grove of what is called the Ocean, and here the cavalry of the Athenians and Mantineans fought against the Boeotian horse. Epaminondas, the Mantineans say, was killed by Machaerion, a man of Mantineia. The Lacedaemonians on their part say that a Spartan killed Epaminondas, but they too give Machaerion as the name of the man.

> Greek: 11.5. κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐς Παλλάντιον ἐκ Μαντινείας ἄγουσαν προελθόντι ὡς τριάκοντά που σταδίους, παρήκει κατὰ τοῦτο ἐς τὴν λεωφόρον ὁ τοῦ Πελάγους καλουμένου δρυμός, καὶ τὰ ἱππικὰ τὸ Ἀθηναίων τε καὶ Μαντινέων ἐνταῦθα ἐμαχέσαντο ἐναντία τῆς Βοιωτίας ἵππου. Ἐπαμινώνδαν δὲ ἀποθανεῖν Μαντινεῖς μὲν ὑπὸ Μαχαιρίωνος Μαντινέως φασὶν ἀνδρός· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι Σπαρτιάτην λέγουσιν εἶναι τὸν ἀποκτείναντα Ἐπαμινώνδαν, τίθενται δὲ Μαχαιρίωνα ὄνομα καὶ οὗτοι τῷ ἀνδρί.

[¶35] 11.6. The Athenian account, with which the Theban agrees, makes out that Epaminondas was wounded by Grylus. Similar is the story on the picture portraying the battle of Mantineia. All can see that the Mantineans gave Grylus a public funeral and dedicated where he fell his likeness on a slab in honor of the bravest of their allies. The Lacedaemonians also speak of Machaerion as the slayer, but actually at Sparta there is no Machaerion, nor is there at Mantineia, who has received honors for bravery.

> Greek: 11.6. ὁ δὲ Ἀθηναίων ἔχει λόγος— ὁμολογοῦσι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Θηβαῖοι—τρωθῆναι τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν ὑπὸ Γρύλου· παραπλήσια δέ σφισίν ἐστι καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ ⟨τῇ⟩ τὸ ἔργον ἐχούσῃ τὸ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ. φαίνονται δὲ οἱ Μαντινεῖς Γρύλον μὲν δημοσίᾳ τε θάψαντες καὶ ἔνθα ἔπεσεν ἀναθέντες εἰκόνα ἐπὶ στήλης ὡς ἀνδρὸς ἀρίστου τῶν συμμάχων· Μαχαιρίωνα δὲ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ αὐτοὶ ⟨καὶ⟩ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι λέγουσιν, ἔργῳ δὲ οὔτε ἐν Σπάρτῃ Μαχαιρίων ἐστὶν οὐδείς, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρὰ Μαντινεῦσιν, ὅτῳ γεγόνασιν ὡς ἀνδρὶ ἀγαθῷ τιμαί.

[¶36] 11.7. When Epaminondas was wounded, they carried him still living from the ranks. For a while he kept his hand to the wound in agony, with his gaze fixed on the combatants, the place from which he looked at them being called Scope (Look) by posterity. But when the combat came to an indecisive end, he took his hand away from the wound and died, being buried on the spot where the armies met.

> Greek: 11.7. ὡς δὲ ἐτέτρωτο ⟨ὁ⟩ Ἐπαμινώνδας, ἐκκομίζουσιν ἔτι ζῶντα ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως αὐτόν· ὁ δὲ τέως μὲν τὴν χεῖρα ἔχων ἐπὶ τῷ τραύματι ἐταλαιπώρει καὶ ἐς τοὺς μαχομένους ἀφεώρα—ὁπόθεν δὲ ἀπέβλεπεν ἐς αὐτούς, ὠνόμαζον Σκοπὴν οἱ ἔπειτα—, λαβόντος δὲ ἴσον τοῦ ἀγῶνος πέρας, οὕτω τὴν χεῖρα ἀπέσχεν ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος· καὶ αὐτὸν ἀφέντα τὴν ψυχὴν ἔθαψαν ἔνθα σφίσιν ἐγένετο ἡ συμβολή.

[¶37] 11.8. On the grave stands a pillar, and on it is a shield with a dragon in relief. The dragon means that Epaminondas belonged to the race of those called the Sparti, while there are slabs on the tomb, one old, with a Boeotian inscription, the other dedicated by the Emperor Hadrian, who wrote the inscription on it.

> Greek: 11.8. τῷ τάφῳ δὲ κίων τε ἐφέστηκε καὶ ἀσπὶς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δράκοντα ἔχουσα ἐπειργασμένον· ὁ μὲν δὴ δράκων ἐθέλει σημαίνειν γένους τῶν Σπαρτῶν καλουμένων εἶναι τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν, στῆλαι δέ εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῷ μνήματι, ἡ μὲν ἀρχαία καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἔχουσα Βοιώτιον, τὴν δὲ αὐτήν τε ἀνέθηκεν Ἀδριανὸς βασιλεὺς καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ.

[¶38] 11.9. Everybody must praise Epaminondas for being the most famous Greek general, or at least consider him second to none other. For the Lacedaemonian and the Athenian leaders enjoyed the ancient reputation of their cities, while their soldiers were men of a spirit, but the Thebans, whom Epaminondas raised to the highest position, were a disheartened people, accustomed to obey others.

> Greek: 11.9. τὸν δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδαν τῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι στρατηγίας ἕνεκα εὐδοκιμησάντων μάλιστα ἐπαινέσαι τις ἂν ἢ ὕστερόν γε οὐδενὸς ποιήσαιτο· Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίων τοῖς ἡγεμόσι πόλεών τε ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται φρονήματός τι ἦσαν ἔχοντες, Θηβαίους δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀθύμους τὰς γνώμας καὶ ἄλλων ἀκούειν εἰωθότας ἀπέφηνεν ⟨ἐν⟩ οὐ πολλῷ πρωτεύοντας.

[¶39] 11.10. Epaminondas had been told before by an oracle from Delphi to beware of “ocean.” So he was afraid to step on board a man-of-war or to sail in a merchant-ship, but by “ocean” the god indicated the grove “Ocean” and not the sea. Places with the same name misled Hannibal the Carthaginian, and before him the Athenians also.

> Greek: 11.10. ἐγεγόνει δὲ τῷ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ μαντεία πρότερον ἔτι ἐκ Δελφῶν πέλαγος αὐτὸν φυλάσσεσθαι· καὶ ὁ μὲν τριήρους τε μὴ ἐπιβῆναι μηδὲ ἐπὶ νεὼς φορτίδος πλεῦσαι δεῖμα εἶχε, τῷ δὲ ἄρα Πέλαγος δρυμὸν καὶ οὐ θάλασσαν προέλεγεν ὁ δαίμων. χωρία δὲ τὰ ὁμώνυμα καὶ Ἀννίβαν ὕστερον τὸν Καρχηδόνιον καὶ πρότερον ἔτι Ἀθηναίους ἠπάτησεν.

[¶40] 11.11. Hannibal received an oracle from Ammon that when he died he would be buried in Libyan earth. So he hoped to destroy the Roman empire, to return to his home in Libya, and there to die of old age. But when Flamininus the Roman was anxious to take him alive, Hannibal came to Prusias as a suppliant. Repulsed by Prusias he jumped upon his horse, but was wounded in the finger by his drawn sword. when he had proceeded only a few stades his wound caused a fever, and he died on the third day. The place where lie died is called Libyssa by the Nicomedians.

> Greek: 11.11. Ἀννίβᾳ γὰρ χρησμὸς ἀφίκετο παρὰ Ἄμμωνος ὡς ἀποθανὼν γῇ καλυφθήσεται τῇ Λιβύσσῃ. ὁ μὲν δὴ ἤλπιζεν ἀρχήν τε τὴν Ῥωμαίων καθαιρήσειν καὶ οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Λιβύην ἐπανελθὼν τελευτήσειν γήρᾳ τὸν βίον. Φλαμινίου δὲ τοῦ Ῥωμαίου ποιουμένου σπουδὴν ἑλεῖν ζῶντα αὐτόν, ἀφικόμενος παρὰ Προυσίαν ἱκέτης καὶ ἀπωσθεὶς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἀνεπήδα τε ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ γυμνωθέντος τοῦ ξίφους τιτρώσκεται τὸν δάκτυλον. προελθόντι δέ οἱ στάδια οὐ πολλὰ πυρετός τε ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τριταίῳ συνέβη· τὸ δὲ χωρίον ἔνθα ἀπέθανε καλοῦσιν οἱ Νικομηδεῖς Λίβυσσαν.

[¶41] 11.12. The Athenians received an oracle from Dodona ordering them to colonize Sicily, and Sicily is a small hill not far from Athens. But they, not understanding the order, were persuaded to undertake expeditions overseas, especially the Syracusan war. More examples could be found similar to those I have given.

> Greek: 11.12. Ἀθηναίοις δὲ μάντευμα ἐκ Δωδώνης Σικελίαν ἦλθεν οἰκίζειν, ἡ δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς πόλεως ἡ Σικελία λόφος ἐστὶν οὐ μέγας· οἱ δὲ οὐ συμφρονήσαντες τὸ εἰρημένον ἔς τε ὑπερορίους στρατείας προήχθησαν καὶ ἐς τὸν Συρακοσίων πόλεμον. ἔχοι δʼ ἄν τις καὶ πλέονα τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐοικότα ἄλλα ἐξευρεῖν.

[¶42] 12.1. Just about a stade from the grave of Epaminondas is a sanctuary of Zeus surnamed Charmon. The oaks in the groves of the Arcadians are of different sorts; some of them are called “broad-leaved,” others “edible oaks.” A third kind have a porous bark, which is so light that they actually make from it floats for anchors and nets. The bark of this oak is called “cork” by the Ionians, for example by Hermesianax, the elegiac poet.

> Greek: 12.1. τοῦ τάφου δὲ τοῦ Ἐπαμινώνδα μάλιστά που σταδίου μῆκος Διὸς ἀφέστηκεν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Χάρμωνος. Ἀρκάδων δὲ ἐν τοῖς δρυμοῖς εἰσιν αἱ δρῦς διάφοροι, καὶ τὰς μὲν πλατυφύλλους αὐτῶν, τὰς δὲ φηγοὺς καλοῦσιν· αἱ τρίται δὲ ἀραιὸν τὸν φλοιὸν καὶ οὕτω δή τι παρέχονται κοῦφον, ὥστε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν θαλάσσῃ ποιοῦνται σημεῖα ἀγκύραις καὶ δικτύοις· ταύτης τῆς δρυὸς τὸν φλοιὸν ἄλλοι τε Ἰώνων καὶ Ἑρμησιάναξ ὁ τὰ ἐλεγεῖα ποιήσας φελλὸν ὀνομάζουσιν.

[¶43] 12.2. From Mantineia there is a road leading to Methydrium, which to-day is not a city, but only a village belonging to Megalopolis. Thirty stades farther is a plain called Alcimedon, and beyond the plain is Mount Ostracina, in which is a cave where dwelt Alcimedon, one of those called heroes.

> Greek: 12.2. ἐς Μεθύδριον δὲ πόλιν μὲν οὐκέτι, κώμην δὲ ἐς τὸ Μεγαλοπολιτικὸν συντελοῦσαν, ἐς τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ Μεθύδριον ἐκ Μαντινείας ὁδός. προελθόντι δὲ σταδίους τριάκοντα πεδίον τε ὀνομαζόμενον Ἀλκιμέδων καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶν ἡ Ὀστρακίνα, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ σπήλαιον, ἔνθα ᾤκησεν Ἀλκιμέδων, ἀνὴρ τῶν καλουμένων ἡρώων.

[¶44] 12.3. This man's daughter, Phialo, had connection, say the Phigalians, with Heracles. When Alcimedon realized that she had a child, he exposed her to perish on the mountain, and with her the baby boy she had borne, whom the Arcadians call Aechmagoras. On being exposed the babe began to cry, and a jay heard him wailing and began to imitate his cries.

> Greek: 12.3. τούτου τοῦ Ἀλκιμέδοντος θυγατρὶ συγγενέσθαι Φιαλοῖ [ὡς] Φιγαλεῖς λέγουσιν Ἡρακλέα· ὡς δὲ ᾔσθετο αὐτὴν ὁ Ἀλκιμέδων τεκοῦσαν, ἐκτίθησιν ἀπολουμένην ἐς τὸ ὄρος, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τὸν παῖδα ὃν ἔτεκε· καλοῦσι δὲ Αἰχμαγόραν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἀρκάδες. ἀνακλαίοντος δὲ ὡς ἐξέκειτο τοῦ παιδός, κίσσα ἡ ὄρνις ἐπήκουέ τε ὀδυρομένου καὶ ἀπεμιμεῖτο τὰ κλαύματα·

[¶45] 12.4. It happened that Heracles, passing along that road, heard the jay, and, thinking that the crying was that of a baby and not of a bird, turned straight to the voice. Recognizing Phialo he loosed her from her bonds and saved the baby. Wherefore the spring hard by is named Cissa (Jay) after the bird. Forty stades distant from the spring is the place called Petrosaca, which is the boundary between Megalopolis and Mantineia.

> Greek: 12.4. καί πως ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἐρχόμενος τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην ἐπήκουσε τῆς κίσσης καὶ—ἐνόμισε γὰρ παιδὸς εἶναι καὶ οὐκ ὄρνιθος τὸν κλαυθμόν—ἐτράπετο εὐθὺ τῆς φωνῆς· γνωρίσας δὲ αὐτήν τε ἔλυσεν ἀπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν καὶ τὸν παῖδα ἀνεσώσατο. ἐξ ἐκείνου δὲ ἡ πλησίον πηγὴ Κίσσα ἀπὸ τῆς ὄρνιθος ὀνομάζεται. τεσσαράκοντα δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς στάδια ἀφέστηκε Πετροσάκα καλούμενον χωρίον· Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ καὶ Μαντινέων ὅρος ἐστὶν ἡ Πετροσάκα.

[¶46] 12.5. In addition to the roads mentioned there are two others, leading to Orchomenus. On one is what is called the stadium of Ladas, where Ladas practised his running, and by it a sanctuary of Artemis, and on the right of the road is a high mound of earth. It is said to be the grave of Penelope, but the account of her in the poem called Thesprotis is not in agreement with this saying.

> Greek: 12.5. ἐπὶ δὲ ὁδοῖς ταῖς κατειλεγμέναις δύο ἐς Ὀρχομενόν εἰσιν ἄλλαι, καὶ τῇ μέν ἐστι καλούμενον Λάδα στάδιον, ἐς ὃ ἐποιεῖτο Λάδας μελέτην δρόμου, καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ γῆς χῶμα ὑψηλόν· Πηνελόπης δὲ εἶναι τάφον φασίν, οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν ποιήσει ⟨τῇ⟩ Θεσπρωτίδι ὀνομαζομένῃ.

[¶47] 12.6. For in it the poet says that when Odysseus returned from Troy he had a son Ptoliporthes by Penelope. But the Mantinean story about Penelope says that Odysseus convicted her of bringing paramours to his home, and being cast out by him she went away at first to Lacedaemon, but afterwards she removed from Sparta to Mantineia, where she died.

> Greek: 12.6. ἐν ταύτῃ μέν γέ ἐστι τῇ ποιήσει ἐπανήκοντι ἐκ Τροίας Ὀδυσσεῖ τεκεῖν τὴν Πηνελόπην Πτολιπόρθην παῖδα· Μαντινέων δὲ ὁ ἐς αὐτὴν λόγος Πηνελόπην φησὶν ὑπʼ Ὀδυσσέως καταγνωσθεῖσαν ὡς ἐπισπαστοὺς ἐσαγάγοιτο ἐς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ ἀποπεμφθεῖσαν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ, τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἀπελθεῖν, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης ἐς Μαντίνειαν μετοικῆσαι, καί οἱ τοῦ βίου τὴν τελευτὴν ἐνταῦθα συμβῆναι.

[¶48] 12.7. Adjoining this grave is a plain of no great size, and on the plain is a mountain whereon still stand the ruins of old Mantineia. To-day the place is called Ptolis. Advancing a little way to the north of it you come to the spring of Alalcomeneia, and thirty stades from Ptolis are the ruins of a village called Maera, with the grave of Maera, if it be really the case that Maera was buried here and not in Tegean land. For probably the Tegeans, and not the Mantineans, are right when they say that Maera, the daughter of Atlas, was buried in their land. Perhaps, however, the Maera who came to the land of Mantineia was another, a descendant of Maera, the daughter of Atlas.

> Greek: 12.7. τοῦ τάφου δὲ ἔχεται τούτου πεδίον οὐ μέγα, καὶ ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὰ ἐρείπια ἔτι Μαντινείας ἔχον τῆς ἀρχαίας· καλεῖται δὲ τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Πτόλις. κατὰ δὲ τὸ πρὸς ἄρκτον αὐτῆς προελθόντι ὁδὸν οὐ μακρὰν Ἀλαλκομενείας ἐστὶ πηγή, τῆς Πτόλεως δὲ μετὰ σταδίους τριάκοντα κώμης τε ἐρείπια καλουμένης Μαιρᾶς ⟨καὶ τάφος Μαιρᾶς⟩, εἰ δὴ ἐνταῦθα καὶ μὴ ἐν τῇ Τεγεατῶν ἐτάφη· Τεγεάταις γὰρ τοῦ λόγου τὸ εἰκὸς καὶ οὐ Μαντινεῦσιν ἕπεται, Μαιρὰν τὴν Ἄτλαντος παρὰ σφίσι ταφῆναι. τάχα δʼ ἂν καὶ ἀπόγονος τῆς Ἄτλαντος Μαιρᾶς ἑτέρα Μαιρὰ ἀφίκοιτο ἐς τὴν Μαντινικήν.

[¶49] 12.8. There still remains the road leading to Orchomenus, on which are Mount Anchisia and the tomb of Anchises at the foot of the mountain. For when Aeneas was voyaging to Sicily, he put in with his ships to Laconia, becoming the founder of the cities Aphrodisias and Etis; his father Anchises for some reason or other came to this place and died there, where Aeneas buried him. This mountain they call Anchisia after Anchises.

> Greek: 12.8. λείπεται δὲ ἔτι τῶν ὁδῶν ἡ ἐς Ὀρχομενόν, καθʼ ἥντινα Ἀγχισία τε ὄρος καὶ Ἀγχίσου μνῆμά ἐστιν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τοῖς ποσίν. ὡς γὰρ δὴ ἐκομίζετο ἐς Σικελίαν ὁ Αἰνείας, ἔσχε ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Λακωνικήν, καὶ πόλεών τε Ἀφροδισιάδος καὶ Ἤτιδος ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς καὶ τὸν πατέρα Ἀγχίσην κατὰ πρόφασιν δή τινα παραγενόμενον ἐς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον καὶ αὐτόθι τοῦ βίου τῇ τελευτῇ χρησάμενον ἔθαψεν ἐνταῦθα· καὶ τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀγχίσου καλοῦσιν Ἀγχισίαν.

[¶50] 12.9. The probability of this story is strengthened by the fact that the Aeolians who to-day occupy Troy nowhere point out a tomb of Anchises in their own land. Near the grave of Anchises are the ruins of a sanctuary of Aphrodite, and at Anchisiae is the boundary between Mantineia and Orchomenus.

> Greek: 12.9. τούτου δὲ συντελοῦσιν ἐς πίστιν Αἰολέων οἱ Ἴλιον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔχοντες, οὐδαμοῦ τῆς σφετέρας ἀποφαίνοντες μνῆμα Ἀγχίσου. πρὸς δὲ τοῦ Ἀγχίσου τῷ τάφῳ ἐρείπιά ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ἱεροῦ, καὶ Μαντινέων ὅροι πρὸς Ὀρχομενίους καὶ ἐν ταῖς Ἀγχισίαις εἰσίν.

[¶51] 13.1. In the territory of Orchomenus, on the left of the road from Anchisiae, there is on the slope of the mountain the sanctuary of Artemis Hymnia. The Mantineans, too, share it... a priestess also and a priest. It is the custom for these to live their whole lives in purity, not only sexual but in all respects, and they neither wash nor spend their lives as do ordinary people, nor do they enter the home of a private man. I know that the “entertainers” of the Ephesian Artemis live in a similar fashion, but for a year only, the Ephesians calling them Essenes. They also hold an annual festival in honor of Artemis Hymnia.

> Greek: 13.1. ἐν δὲ τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ Ὀρχομενίων, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἀπὸ Ἀγχισιῶν, ἐν ὑπτίῳ τοῦ ὄρους τὸ ἱερόν ἐστι τῆς Ὑμνίας Ἀρτέμιδος· μέτεστι δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ Μαντινεῦσι καὶ ἱέρειαν καὶ ἄνδρα ἱερέα. τούτοις οὐ μόνον τὰ ἐς τὰς μίξεις ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ἁγιστεύειν καθέστηκε τὸν χρόνον τοῦ βίου πάντα, καὶ οὔτε λουτρὰ οὔτε δίαιτα λοιπὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτά σφισι καθὰ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἐς οἰκίαν παρίασιν ἀνδρὸς ἰδιώτου. τοιαῦτα οἶδα ἕτερα ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ οὐ πρόσω Ἐφεσίων ἐπιτηδεύοντας τοὺς τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι ἱστιάτορας τῇ Ἐφεσίᾳ γινομένους, καλουμένους δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Ἐσσῆνας. τῇ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδι τῇ Ὑμνίᾳ καὶ ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν ἐπέτειον.

[¶52] 13.2. The former city of Orchomenus was on the peak of a mountain, and there still remain ruins of a market-place and of walls. The modern, inhabited city lies under the circuit of the old wall. Worth seeing here is a spring, from which they draw water, and there are sanctuaries of Poseidon and of Aphrodite, the images being of stone. Near the city is a wooden image of Artemis. It is set in a large cedar tree, and after the tree they call the goddess the Lady of the Cedar.

> Greek: 13.2. Ὀρχομενίοις δὲ ἡ προτέρα πόλις ἐπὶ ὄρους ἦν ἄκρᾳ τῇ κορυφῇ, καὶ ἀγορᾶς τε καὶ τειχῶν ἐρείπια λείπεται· τὴν δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πόλιν ὑπὸ τὸν περίβολον οἰκοῦσι τοῦ ἀρχαίου τείχους. θέας δὲ αὐτόθι ἄξια πηγή τε, ἀφʼ ἧς ὑδρεύονται, καὶ Ποσειδῶνός ἐστι καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερά, λίθου δὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα. πρὸς δὲ τῇ πόλει ξόανόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος· ἵδρυται δὲ ἐν κέδρῳ μεγάλῃ, καὶ τὴν θεὸν ὀνομάζουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς κέδρου Κεδρεᾶτιν.

[¶53] 13.3. Beneath the city are heaps of stones at intervals, which were piled over men who fell in war. With what Peloponnesians, whether Arcadians or other, the war was fought, was set forth neither by inscriptions on the graves nor in Orchomenian tradition.

> Greek: 13.3. σωροὶ δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν πόλιν λίθων εἰσὶ διεστηκότες ἀπὸ ἀλλήλων, ἐπενήθησαν δὲ ἐν πολέμῳ πεσοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν. οἷς τισι δὲ Πελοποννησίων ἐπολέμησαν ⟨ἢ⟩ τῶν ἄλλων ἢ Ἀρκάδων αὐτῶν, οὔτε ἐπιγράμματα ἐπὶ τοῖς τάφοις ἐσήμαινεν οὔτε οἱ Ὀρχομένιοι μνημονεύουσιν.

[¶54] 13.4. Opposite the city is Mount Trachy (Rough). The rain-water, flowing through a deep gully between the city and Mount Trachy, descends to another Orchomenian plain, which is very considerable in extent, but the greater part of it is a lake. As you go out of Orchomenus, after about three stades, the straight road leads you to the city Caphya, along the side of the gully and afterwards along the water of the lake on the left. The other road, after you have crossed the water flowing through the gully, goes under Mount Trachy.

> Greek: 13.4. ἔστι δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς πόλεως ὄρος Τραχύ. τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ χαράδρας ῥέον κοίλης μεταξὺ τῆς τε πόλεως καὶ τοῦ Τραχέος ὄρους κάτεισιν ἐς ἄλλο Ὀρχομένιον πεδίον, τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο μεγέθει μὲν μέγα, τὰ πλείω δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λίμνη. ἰόντι δὲ ἐξ Ὀρχομενοῦ καὶ σταδίους προελθόντι ὅσον τρεῖς, ἡ μὲν εὐθεῖα ἐπὶ πόλιν Καφυὰν ἄγει παρά τε αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν καὶ μετὰ ταύτην ἐν ἀριστερᾷ παρὰ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λιμνάζον· ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα τῶν ὁδῶν διαβάντι τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ διὰ τῆς χαράδρας ῥέον ὑπὸ ⟨τὸ⟩ Τραχύ ἐστιν ὄρος.

[¶55] 13.5. On this road the first thing is the tomb of Aristocrates, who once outraged the virgin priestess of the goddess Hymnia, and after the grave of Aristocrates are springs called Teneiae, and about seven stades distant from the springs is a place Amilus, which once, they say, was a city. Here the road forks again, one way leading to Stymphalus, the other to Pheneus.

> Greek: 13.5. κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην πρῶτον μὲν μνῆμά ἐστιν Ἀριστοκράτους, ὃς βίᾳ ποτὲ ᾔσχυνε τὴν ἱερωμένην τῇ Ὑμνίᾳ θεῷ παρθένον, μετὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἀριστοκράτους τὸν τάφον πηγαί τέ εἰσι καλούμεναι Τενεῖαι καὶ ἀπέχει τῶν πηγῶν στάδια ὡς ἑπτὰ Ἄμιλος χωρίον· πόλιν δὲ τὴν Ἄμιλόν ποτε εἶναι λέγουσι. κατὰ τοῦτο αὖθις τὸ χωρίον δίχα ἡ ὁδὸς τέμνεται, καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ Στύμφηλον, ἡ δὲ ἐς Φενεὸν αὐτῶν ἄγει.