---
title: "Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις"
author: "Pausanias"
translator: "W. H. S. Jones"
languages: [grc, en]
shelf: "Classical Greek"
section: 42 of 60
url: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/42/
cite: "Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones, Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις, section 42. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/42/"
---

# Description of Greece · Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις

*Pausanias, tr. W. H. S. Jones*

A second-century traveller’s guide to the cities, temples, statues and legends of Greece, from Athens and Corinth to Olympia and Delphi, still used by archaeologists.

> Greek: ed. Friedrich Spiro, from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-greekLit, tlg0525.tlg001, CC BY-SA 4.0).

> English: W. H. S. Jones, from the Perseus Digital Library (tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng2). Notes are not included.

> Rows follow the references the two texts share (books, chapters and sections), cut where both reach the end of a sentence.

## 42. Book VIII · chapters 13–22

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/42/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/pausanias-description-of-greece/42/#p-N

[¶0] 13.6. On the road to Pheneus you will come to a mountain. On this mountain meet the boundaries of Orchomenus, Pheneus and Caphya. Over the boundaries extends a high crag, called the Caphyatic Rock. After the boundaries of the cities I have mentioned lies a ravine, and the road to Pheneus leads through it. Just about the middle of the ravine water rises up from a spring, and at the end of the ravine is a place called Caryae.

> Greek: 13.6. κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐς Φενεὸν ἐκδέξεταί σε ὄρος· ἐν δὲ τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ συνάπτουσιν Ὀρχομενίων καὶ Φενεατῶν τε καὶ Καφυατῶν ὅροι τῆς γῆς. ἀνατείνει δὲ ὑπὲρ τοὺς ὅρους κρημνὸς ὑψηλός· πέτραν Καφυατικὴν ὀνομάζουσι τὸν κρημνόν. μετὰ δὲ τοὺς ὅρους ταῖς κατειλεγμέναις πόλεσι φάραγξ τε ὑπόκειται καὶ φέρει διʼ αὐτῆς ἡ ἐς Φενεὸν ὁδός· κατὰ μέσην δέ που μάλιστα τὴν φάραγγα ὕδωρ ἄνεισιν ἐκ πηγῆς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ πέρατι τῆς φάραγγος Καρυαί ⟨ἐστι⟩ χωρίον.

[¶1] 14.1. The plain of Pheneus lies below Caryae, and they say that once the water rose on it and flooded the ancient city of Pheneus, so that even to-day there remain on the mountains marks up to which, it is said, the water rose. Five stades distant from Caryae is a mountain called Oryxis, and another, Mount Sciathis. Under each mountain is a chasm that receives the water from the plain.

> Greek: 14.1. Φενεατῶν δὲ τὸ πεδίον κεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ ταῖς Καρυαῖς, πλεονάσαντος δέ ποτε αὐτῷ τοῦ ὕδατος κατακλυσθῆναί φασι τὴν ἀρχαίαν Φενεόν, ὥστε καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν σημεῖα ἐλείπετο ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐς ἃ ἐπαναβῆναι τὸ ὕδωρ λέγουσι. Καρυῶν δὲ στάδια πέντε ἀφέστηκεν ἥ τε Ὄρυξις καλουμένη καὶ ἕτερον ὄρος Σκίαθις· ὑφʼ ἑκατέρῳ δέ ἐστι τῷ ὄρει βάραθρον τὸ ὕδωρ καταδεχόμενον τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου.

[¶2] 14.2. These chasms according to the people of Pheneus are artificial, being made by Heracles when he lived in Pheneus with Laonome, the mother of Amphitryo, who was, it is said, the son of Alcaeus by Laonome, the daughter of Guneus, a woman of Pheneus, and not by Lysidice, the daughter of Pelops. Now if Heracles really migrated to Pheneus, one might believe that when expelled by Eurystheus from Tiryns he did not go at once to Thebes, but went first to Pheneus.

> Greek: 14.2. τὰ δὲ βάραθρα οἱ Φενεᾶται ταῦτά φασιν εἶναι χειροποίητα, ποιῆσαι δὲ αὐτὰ Ἡρακλέα τηνικαῦτα ἐν Φενεῷ παρὰ Λαονόμῃ τῇ Ἀμφιτρύωνος μητρὶ οἰκοῦντα· γενέσθαι γὰρ Ἀμφιτρύωνα ἐκ Λαονόμης Ἀλκαίῳ τῆς Γούνεω, γυναικὸς Φενεάτιδος, καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τῆς Πέλοπος Λυσιδίκης. εἰ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ παρὰ τοὺς Φενεάτας μετῴκησε, πείθοιτο ἄν τις διωχθέντα ἐκ Τίρυνθος ὑπὸ Εὐρυσθέως αὐτὸν οὐκ αὐτίκα ἐς Θήβας, πρότερον δὲ ἐς Φενεὸν ἀφικέσθαι.

[¶3] 14.3. Heracles dug a channel through the middle of the plain of Pheneus for the river Olbius, which some Arcadians call, not Olbius but Aroanius. The length of the cutting is fifty stades, its depth, where it has not fallen in, is as much as thirty feet. The river, however, no longer flows along it, but it has gone back to its old bed, having left the work of Heracles.

> Greek: 14.3. διὰ μέσου δὲ ὤρυξεν Ἡρακλῆς τοῦ Φενεατῶν πεδίου ⟨ἔλυτρον⟩, ῥεῦμα εἶναι τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ Ὀλβίῳ, ὅν τινα Ἀροάνιον Ἀρκάδων καλοῦσιν ἕτεροι καὶ οὐκ Ὄλβιον· μῆκος μὲν τοῦ ὀρύγματος στάδιοι πεντήκοντά εἰσι, βάθος δέ, ὅσον μὴ πεπτωκός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐς τριάκοντα καθήκει πόδας. οὐ μὴν ταύτῃ γε ἔτι κάτεισιν ὁ ποταμός, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ ῥεῦμα ἀπεχώρησεν αὖθις τὸ ἀρχαῖον, καταλιπὼν [ἔλυτρον] τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἔργον.

[¶4] 14.4. About fifty stades from the chasms made in the mountains I have mentioned is the city, founded, say the Pheneatians, by Pheneus, an aboriginal. Their acropolis is precipitous on all sides, mostly so naturally, but a few parts have been artificially strengthened, to make it more secure. On the acropolis here is a temple of Athena surnamed Tritonia, but of it I found ruins only remaining.

> Greek: 14.4. τῶν βαράθρων δὲ ⟨τῶν⟩ ἐν τοῖς εἰρημένοις πεποιημένων ὄρεσιν ἀπωτέρω πεντήκοντά που σταδίοις ἐστὶν ἡ πόλις· οἰκιστὴν δὲ οἱ Φενεᾶται λέγουσιν ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα εἶναι Φενεόν. ἔστι δέ σφισιν ἀκρόπολις ἀπότομος πανταχόθεν, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἔχουσα οὕτως, ὀλίγα δὲ αὐτῆς καὶ ὠχυρώσαντο ὑπὲρ ἀσφαλείας. ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς ἐπίκλησιν Τριτωνίας, ἐρείπια δὲ ἐλείπετο αὐτοῦ μόνα·

[¶5] 14.5. There stands also a bronze Poseidon, surnamed Horse, whose image, it is said, was dedicated by Odysseus. The legend is that Odysseus lost his mares, traversed Greece in search of them, and on the site in the land of Pheneus where he found his mares founded a sanctuary of Artemis, calling the goddess Horse-finder, and also dedicated the image of Horse Poseidon.

> Greek: 14.5. καὶ Ποσειδῶν χαλκοῦς ἕστηκεν ἐπωνυμίαν Ἵππιος, ἀναθεῖναι δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος Ὀδυσσέα ἔφασαν· ἀπολέσθαι γὰρ ἵππους τῷ Ὀδυσσεῖ, καὶ αὐτὸν γῆν τὴν Ἑλλάδα κατὰ ζήτησιν ἐπιόντα τῶν ἵππων ἱδρύσασθαι μὲν ἱερὸν ἐνταῦθα Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Εὑρίππαν ὀνομάσαι τὴν θεόν, ἔνθα τῆς Φενεατικῆς χώρας εὗρε τὰς ἵππους, ἀναθεῖναι δὲ καὶ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ἱππίου.

[¶6] 14.6. When Odysseus found his mares he was minded, it is said, to keep horses in the land of Pheneus, just as he reared his cows, they say, on the mainland opposite Ithaca. On the base of the image the people of Pheneus pointed out to me writing, purporting to be instructions of Odysseus to those tending his mares.

> Greek: 14.6. τῷ δὲ Ὀδυσσεῖ λέγουσιν εὑρόντι τὰς ἵππους γενέσθαι οἱ κατὰ γνώμην ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ Φενεατῶν ἔχειν ἵππους, καθάπερ γε καὶ τὰς βοῦς ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ τῆς Ἰθάκης ἀπαντικρὺ τρέφειν αὐτόν· καί μοι καὶ γράμματα οἱ Φενεᾶται παρείχοντο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀγάλματος γεγραμμένα τῷ βάθρῳ, τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως δή τι πρόσταγμα τοῖς ποιμαίνουσι τὰς ἵππους.

[¶7] 14.7. The rest of the account of the people of Pheneus it will be reasonable to accept, but I cannot believe their statement that Odysseus dedicated the bronze image. For men had not yet learned how to make bronze images in one piece, after the manner of those weaving a garment. Their method of working bronze statues I have already described when speaking of the image of Zeus Most High in my history of the Spartans.

> Greek: 14.7. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἄλλα ἑπομένοις ἡμῖν τῷ Φενεατῶν λόγῳ εἰκὸς προσέσται, τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα Ὀδυσσέα ἀναθεῖναι τὸ χαλκοῦν οὐκ ἔχω πείθεσθαί σφισιν· οὐ γάρ πω τότε τοῦ χαλκοῦ τὰ ἀγάλματα διὰ παντὸς ἠπίσταντο ἐργάσασθαι καθάπερ ἐσθῆτα ἐξυφαίνοντες. τρόπον δὲ ὅστις ἦν αὐτοῖς ἐς τὰ χαλκᾶ ἐργασίας, ἔδειξεν ἤδη μοι τοῦ ἐς Σπαρτιάτας λόγου τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀγάλματος τοῦ Ὑπάτου Διός.

[¶8] 14.8. The first men to melt bronze and to cast images were the Samians Rhoecus the son of Philaeus and Theodorus the son of Telecles. Theodorus also made the emerald signet, which Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, constantly wore, being exceedingly proud of it.

> Greek: 14.8. διέχεαν δὲ χαλκὸν πρῶτοι καὶ ἀγάλματα ἐχωνεύσαντο Ῥοῖκός τε Φιλαίου καὶ Θεόδωρος Τηλεκλέους Σάμιοι. Θεοδώρου δὲ ἔργον ἦν καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ λίθου τῆς σμαράγδου σφραγίς, ἣν Πολυκράτης ὁ Σάμου τυραννήσας ἐφόρει τε τὰ μάλιστα καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ περισσῶς δή τι ἠγάλλετο.

[¶9] 14.9. As you go down from the acropolis of Pheneus you come to a stadium, and on a hill stands a tomb of Iphicles, the brother of Heracles and the father of Iolaus. Iolaus, according to the Greek account, shared most of the labours of Heracles, but his father Iphicles, in the first battle fought by Heracles against the Eleans and Augeas, was wounded by the sons of Actor, who were called after their mother Moline. In a fainting condition he was carried by his relatives to Pheneus, where he was carefully nursed by Buphagus, a citizen of Pheneus, and by his wife Promne, who also buried him when he died of his wound.

> Greek: 14.9. Φενεατῶν δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως καταβαίνοντι ἔστι μὲν στάδιον, ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ λόφου μνῆμα Ἰφικλέους ἀδελφοῦ τε Ἡρακλέους καὶ Ἰολάου πατρός. Ἰόλαον μὲν δὴ τὰ πολλὰ Ἡρακλεῖ συγκάμνειν λέγουσιν Ἕλληνες· Ἰφικλῆς δὲ ὁ Ἰολάου πατήρ, ἡνίκα ἐμαχέσατο Ἡρακλῆς πρὸς Ἠλείους τε καὶ Αὐγέαν τὴν προτέραν μάχην, τότε ὑπὸ τῶν παίδων ἐτρώθη τῶν Ἄκτορος, καλουμένων δὲ ἀπὸ Μολίνης τῆς μητρός. καὶ ἤδη κάμνοντα κομίζουσιν οἱ προσήκοντες ἐς Φενεόν· ἐνταῦθα ἀνὴρ Φενεάτης αὐτὸν Βουφάγος καὶ ἡ τοῦ Βουφάγου γυνὴ Πρώμνη περιεῖπόν τε εὖ καὶ ἀποθανόντα ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος ἔθαψαν.

[¶10] 14.10. They still sacrifice to Iphicles as to a hero, and of the gods the people of Pheneus worship most Hermes, in whose honor they celebrate the games called Hermaea; they have also a temple of Hermes, and a stone image, made by an Athenian, Eucheir the son of Eubulides. Behind the temple is the grave of Myrtilus. The Greeks say that he was the son of Hermes, and that he served as charioteer to Oenomaus. Whenever a man arrived to woo the daughter of Oenomaus, Myrtilus craftily drove on the mares, while Oenomaus on the course shot down the wooer when he came near.

> Greek: 14.10. Ἰφικλεῖ μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔτι ἐναγίζουσιν ὡς ἥρωι, θεῶν δὲ τιμῶσιν Ἑρμῆν Φενεᾶται μάλιστα καὶ ἀγῶνα ἄγουσιν Ἕρμαια, καὶ ναός ἐστιν Ἑρμοῦ σφισι καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου· τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ἀνὴρ Ἀθηναῖος Εὔχειρ Εὐβουλίδου. ὄπισθεν δέ ἐστι τοῦ ναοῦ τάφος Μυρτίλου. τοῦτον Ἑρμοῦ παῖδα εἶναι ⟨τὸν⟩ Μυρτίλον λέγουσιν Ἕλληνες, ἡνιοχεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν Οἰνομάῳ· καὶ ὁπότε ἀφίκοιτό τις μνώμενος τοῦ Οἰνομάου τὴν θυγατέρα, ὁ μὲν ἠπείγετο ὁ Μυρτίλος σὺν τέχνῃ τοῦ Οἰνομάου τὰς ἵππους, ὁ δὲ ἐν τῷ δρόμῳ τὸν μνηστῆρα, ὁπότε ἐγγὺς γένοιτο, κατηκόντιζεν.

[¶11] 14.11. Myrtilus himself, too, was in love with Hippodameia, but his courage failing him he shrank from the competition and served Oenomaus as his charioteer. At last, it is said, he proved a traitor to Oenomaus, being induced thereto by an oath sworn by Pelops that he would let him be with Hippodameia for one night. So when reminded of his oath Pelops threw him out of the ship. The people of Pheneus say that the body of Myrtilus was cast ashore by the tide, that they took it up and buried it, and that every year they sacrifice to him by night as to a hero.

> Greek: 14.11. Ἱπποδαμείας δὲ ἤρα μὲν καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Μυρτίλος, ἐς δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀτόλμως ἔχων ὑπεῖκε καὶ ἡνιόχει τῷ Οἰνομάῳ. τέλος δὲ καὶ ἀναφανῆναι τοῦ Οἰνομάου προδότην φασὶν αὐτὸν ὑπαχθέντα ὅρκοις, ὥς οἱ νύκτα ὁ Πέλοψ μίαν Ἱπποδαμείᾳ συγγενέσθαι παρήσει. ἀναμιμνήσκοντα οὖν τῶν ὅρκων ὁ Πέλοψ ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς νεώς· Φενεᾶται δὲ τοῦ Μυρτίλου τὸν νεκρὸν ἐκβληθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ κλύδωνος λέγουσιν ἀνελόμενοι θάψαι, καὶ νύκτωρ κατὰ ἔτος ἐναγίζουσιν αὐτῷ.

[¶12] 14.12. It is plain that Pelops did not make a long coasting voyage, but only sailed from the mouth of the Alpheius to the harbor of Elis. So the Sea of Myrto is obviously not named after Myrtilus, the son of Hermes, as it begins at Euboea and reaches the Aegaean by way of the uninhabited island of Helene. I think that a probable account is given by the antiquarians of Euboea, who say that the sea is named after a woman called Myrto.

> Greek: 14.12. ἔστι δὲ ὁ Πέλοψ δῆλος οὐ πολλήν τινα παραπλεύσας θάλασσαν, ἀλλὰ ὅσον ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τῶν ἐκβολῶν ἐς τὸ ἐπίνειον τὸ Ἠλείων. οὐκ ἂν οὖν τό γε πέλαγος τὸ Μυρτῷον ἀπὸ Μυρτίλου τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ φαίνοιτο κεκλημένον, ἀρχόμενόν τε ἀπὸ Εὐβοίας καὶ παρʼ Ἑλένην ἔρημον νῆσον καθῆκον ἐς τὸ Αἰγαῖον· ἀλλά μοι δοκοῦσιν Εὐβοέων οἱ τὰ ἀρχαῖα μνημονεύοντες εἰκότα εἰρηκέναι, λέγοντες ἀπὸ γυναικὸς Μυρτοῦς τῷ πελάγει γεγονέναι τὸ ὄνομα τῷ Μυρτῴῳ.

[¶13] 15.1. The people of Pheneus have also a sanctuary of Demeter, surnamed Eleusinian, and they perform a ritual to the goddess, saying that the ceremonies at Eleusis are the same as those established among themselves. For Naus, they assert, came to them because of an oracle from Delphi, being a grandson of Eumolpus. Beside the sanctuary of the Eleusinian has been set up Petroma, as it is called, consisting of two large stones fitted one to the other.

> Greek: 15.1. Φενεάταις δὲ καὶ Δήμητρός ἐστιν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Ἐλευσινίας, καὶ ἄγουσι τῇ θεῷ τελετήν, τὰ Ἐλευσῖνι δρώμενα καὶ παρὰ σφίσι τὰ αὐτὰ φάσκοντες καθεστηκέναι· ἀφικέσθαι γὰρ αὐτοῖς Ναὸν κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν, τρίτον δὲ ἀπόγονον Εὐμόλπου τοῦτον εἶναι τὸν Ναόν. παρὰ δὲ τῆς Ἐλευσινίας τὸ ἱερὸν πεποίηται Πέτρωμα καλούμενον, λίθοι δύο ἡρμοσμένοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους μεγάλοι.

[¶14] 15.2. When every other year they celebrate what they call the Greater Rites, they open these stones. They take from out them writings that refer to the rites, read them in the hearing of the initiated, and return them on the same night. Most Pheneatians, too, I know, take an oath by the Petroma in the most important affairs.

> Greek: 15.2. ἄγοντες δὲ παρὰ ἔτος ἥντινα τελετὴν μείζονα ὀνομάζουσι, τοὺς λίθους τούτους τηνικαῦτα ἀνοίγουσι· λαβόντες ⟨δὲ⟩ γράμματα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔχοντα ἐς τὴν τελετὴν καὶ ἀναγνόντες ⟨ἐς⟩ ἐπήκοον τῶν μυστῶν, κατέθεντο ἐν νυκτὶ αὖθις τῇ αὐτῇ. Φενεατῶν δὲ οἶδα τοὺς πολλοὺς καὶ ὀμνύντας ὑπὲρ μεγίστων τῷ Πετρώματι.

[¶15] 15.3. On the top is a sphere, with a mask inside of Demeter Cidaria. This mask is put on by the priest at the Greater Rites, who for some reason or other beats with rods the Folk Underground. The Pheneatians have a story that even before Naus arrived the wanderings of Demeter brought her to their city also. To those Pheneatians who received her with hospitality into their homes the goddess gave all sorts of pulse save the bean only.

> Greek: 15.3. καὶ ἐπίθημα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ περιφερές ἐστιν, ἔχον ἐντὸς Δήμητρος πρόσωπον Κιδαρίας· τοῦτο ὁ ἱερεὺς περιθέμενος τὸ πρόσωπον ἐν τῇ μείζονι καλουμένῃ τελετῇ ῥάβδοις κατὰ λόγον δή τινα τοὺς ὑποχθονίους παίει. Φενεατῶν δέ ἐστι λόγος, καὶ πρὶν ἢ Ναὸν ἀφικέσθαι [γὰρ] καὶ ἐνταῦθα Δήμητρα πλανωμένην· ὅσοι δὲ Φενεατῶν οἴκῳ τε καὶ ξενίοις ἐδέξαντο αὐτήν, τούτοις τὰ ὄσπρια ἡ θεὸς τὰ ἄλλα, κύαμον δὲ οὐκ ἔδωκέ σφισι.

[¶16] 15.4. There is a sacred story to explain why the bean in their eyes is an impure kind of pulse. Those who, the Pheneatians say, gave the goddess a welcome, Trisaules and Damithales, had a temple of Demeter Thesmia (Law-goddess) built under Mount Cyllene, and they established for her rites also, which they celebrate even to this day. This temple of the goddess Thesmia is just about fifteen stades away from the city.

> Greek: 15.4. κύαμον μὲν οὖν ἐφʼ ὅτῳ μὴ καθαρὸν εἶναι νομίζουσιν ὄσπριον, ἔστιν ἱερὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λόγος· οἱ δὲ τῷ Φενεατῶν λόγῳ δεξάμενοι τὴν θεόν, Τρισαύλης καὶ Δαμιθάλης, ἐποιήσαντο μὲν Δήμητρος ναὸν Θεσμίας ὑπὸ τῷ ὄρει τῇ Κυλλήνῃ, κατεστήσαντο δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τελετήν, ἥντινα καὶ νῦν ἄγουσιν. ὁ δὲ ναὸς οὗτος τῆς Θεσμίας σταδίους πέντε μάλιστά που καὶ δέκα ἐστὶν ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεως.

[¶17] 15.5. As you go from Pheneus to Pellene and Aegeira, an Achaean city, after about fifteen stades you come to a temple of Pythian Apollo. I found there only its ruins, which include a large altar of white marble. Here even now the Pheneatians still sacrifice to Apollo and Artemis, and they say that the sanctuary was made by Heracles after capturing Elis. Here also are tombs of heroes, those who joined the campaign of Heracles against Elis and lost their lives in the fighting.

> Greek: 15.5. ἐς δὲ Πελλήνην ἐκ Φενεοῦ καὶ ἐς Αἴγειραν ἰόντι Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν, πέντε που προεληλυθότι καὶ δέκα σταδίους, Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Πυθίου ναός· ἐρείπια δὲ ἐλείπετο αὐτοῦ μόνα καὶ βωμὸς μέγας λίθου λευκοῦ. ἐνταῦθα ἔτι καὶ νῦν Ἀπόλλωνι Φενεᾶται καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι θύουσιν, Ἡρακλέα ἑλόντα Ἦλιν τὸ ἱερὸν λέγοντες ποιῆσαι. ἔστι δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ἡρώων μνήματα, ὅσοι [σὺν] Ἡρακλεῖ στρατείας ἐπὶ Ἠλείους μετασχόντες οὐκ ἀπεσώθησαν οἴκαδε ἐκ τῆς μάχης.

[¶18] 15.6. They are Telamon, buried quite near the river Aroanius, a little farther away than is the sanctuary of Apollo, and Chalcodon, not far from the spring called Oenoe. Nobody could admit that there fell in this battle the Chalcodon who was the father of the Elephenor who led the Euboeans to Troy, and the Telamon who was the father of Ajax and Teucer. For how could Heracles have been helped in his task by a Chalcodon who, according to trustworthy tradition, had before this been killed in Thebes by Amphitryon?

> Greek: 15.6. τέθαπται δὲ Τελαμὼν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Ἀροανίου, ἀπωτέρω μικρὸν ἢ ἔστι τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, Χαλκώδων δὲ οὐ πόρρω κρήνης καλουμένης Οἰνόης. τὸν μὲν δὴ Ἐλεφήνορος τοῦ Εὐβοεῦσιν ἐς Ἴλιον ἡγησαμένου καὶ τὸν Αἴαντός τε καὶ Τεύκρου, τούτων μὲν τοὺς πατέρας οὐκ ἀποδέξαιτο ἄν τις ἐν τούτῳ πεσεῖν τῷ ἀγῶνι· πῶς μὲν γὰρ ⟨ἂν⟩ συνεπελάβετο Ἡρακλεῖ τοῦ ἔργου Χαλκώδων, ὃν πρότερον ἔτι ἀποκτεῖναι Ἀμφιτρύωνα καὶ μαρτυρεῖται καὶ πιστεύειν ἄξιά ἐστιν ἐν Θήβαις;

[¶19] 15.7. And how would Teucer have founded the city of Salamis in Cyprus if nobody had expelled him from his native city after his return from Troy? And who else would have driven him out except Telamon? So it is plain that those who helped Heracles in his campaign against Elis were not the Chalcodon of Euboea and the Telamon of Aegina. It is, and always has been, not unknown that undistinguished persons have had the same names as distinguished heroes.

> Greek: 15.7. πῶς δὲ Τεῦκρος ᾤκισεν ἂν Σαλαμῖνα ἐν Κύπρῳ πόλιν, μηδενὸς ὡς ἀνέστρεψεν ἐκ Τροίας ἐκβαλόντος ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας; τίς δʼ ἂν ἐξήλασεν ἄλλος πλὴν ὁ Τελαμὼν αὐτόν; δῆλα οὖν ἐστι Χαλκώδοντα οὐ τὸν ἐξ Εὐβοίας καὶ Τελαμῶνα οὐ τὸν Αἰγινήτην ἐπὶ Ἠλείους Ἡρακλεῖ μετεσχηκέναι τῆς στρατείας· ὁμώνυμοι δὲ ἐπιφανέσιν ἄνδρες ἀφανέστεροι καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔτι καὶ τὸν ἅπαντα ἐγίνοντο ὁμοίως χρόνον.

[¶20] 15.8. The borders of Pheneus and Achaia meet in more places than one; for towards Pellene the boundary is the river called Porinas, and towards Aegeira the “road to Artemis.” Within the territory of the Pheneatians themselves, shortly after passing the sanctuary of the Pythian Apollo you will be on the road that leads to Mount Crathis.

> Greek: 15.8. Φενεάταις δὲ πρὸς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν τὸ ὅμορον οὐ καθʼ ἓν ὅροι τῆς γῆς εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς μὲν Πελλήνην ὁ καλούμενος Πωρίνας, πρὸς δὲ τὴν Αἰγειρᾶτιν †τὸ ἐπʼ Ἄρτεμιν. ἐν δὲ αὐτῶν Φενεατῶν τῇ χώρᾳ μετὰ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Πυθίου προήξεις τε οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ καὶ ἐντὸς ἔσῃ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος ἀγούσης τὴν Κρᾶθιν.

[¶21] 15.9. On this mountain is the source of the river Crathis, which flows into the sea by the side of Aegae, now a deserted spot, though in earlier days it was a city of the Achaeans. After this Crathis is named the river in Bruttium in Italy. On Mount Crathis is a sanctuary of Artemis Pyronia (Fire-goddess), and in more ancient days the Argives used to bring from this goddess fire for their Lernaean ceremonies.

> Greek: 15.9. ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ὄρει τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Κράθιδός εἰσιν αἱ πηγαί· ῥεῖ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν παρὰ Αἰγάς, ἔρημον τὰ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ χωρίον, τὰ δὲ παλαιότερα Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν. ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καλεῖται τοῦ Κράθιδος καὶ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ἐν γῇ τῇ Βρεττίων· ἐν δὲ τῇ Κράθιδι τῷ ὄρει Πυρωνίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ τὰ ἔτι ἀρχαιότερα παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης ἐπήγοντο Ἀργεῖοι πῦρ ἐς τὰ Λερναῖα.

[¶22] 16.1. Going east from Pheneus you come to a mountain peak called Geronteium and a road by it. This mountain is the boundary between the territories of Pheneus and Stymphalus. On the left of it, as you travel through the land of Pheneus, are mountains of the Pheneatians called Tricrena (Three Springs), and here are three springs. In them, says the legend, Hermes was washed after birth by the nymphs of the mountain, and for this reason they are considered sacred to Hermes.

> Greek: 16.1. ἐκ δὲ Φενεοῦ πρὸς ἥλιον ἰόντι ἀνίσχοντα ὄρους ἐστὶν ἄκρα Γερόντειον καὶ κατὰ ταύτην ὁδός· Φενεάταις δὲ ὅροι πρὸς Στυμφαλίους τῆς γῆς τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ Γερόντειον. τοῦ Γεροντείου δὲ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ διὰ τῆς Φενεατικῆς ὁδεύοντι ὄρη Φενεατῶν ἐστι Τρίκρηνα καλούμενα, καὶ εἰσὶν αὐτόθι κρῆναι τρεῖς· ἐν ταύταις λοῦσαι τεχθέντα Ἑρμῆν αἱ περὶ τὸ ὄρος λέγονται νύμφαι, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ τὰς πηγὰς ἱερὰς Ἑρμοῦ νομίζουσιν.

[¶23] 16.2. Not far from Tricrena is another mountain called Sepia, where they say that Aepytus, the son of Elatus, was killed by the snake, and they also made his grave on the spot, for they could not carry the body away. These snakes are still to be found, the Arcadians say, on the mountain, even at the present day; not many, however, for they are very scarce. The reason is that, as for the greater part of the year snow falls on the mountain, the snakes die that are cut off by the snow from their holes, while should any make good their escape to the holes, nevertheless some of them are killed by the snow, as the frost penetrates even into the very holes themselves.

> Greek: 16.2. Τρικρήνων δὲ οὐ πόρρω ἄλλο ἐστὶν ὄρος Σηπία, καὶ Αἰπύτῳ τῷ Ἐλάτου λέγουσιν ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι τὴν τελευτὴν ἐκ τοῦ ὄφεως, καί οἱ καὶ τὸν τάφον ἐποίησαν αὐτόθι· οὐ γὰρ οἷά τε ἦν σφισιν ἐς τὸ πρόσω φέρειν τὸν νεκρόν. τούτους οἱ Ἀρκάδες τοὺς ὄφεις γίνεσθαι καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔτι ἐν τῷ ὄρει φασίν, οὐ μέντοι πολλούς γε ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλιστα σπανίους· ἅτε γὰρ τοῦ ἔτους τὸ πολὺ νειφομένου τοῦ ὄρους, οἵ τε ἀποληφθέντες τῶν φωλεῶν ἐκτὸς ὑπὸ τῆς χιόνος διαφθείρονται, καὶ ἢν πρότερον καταφυγόντες τύχωσιν ἐς τὰ φωλεά, ὅμως ἡ χιὼν μέρος τι αὐτῶν ἀπόλλυσιν, ἅτε καὶ ἐς αὐτὰ τὰ φωλεὰ καθικνουμένου τοῦ κρυμοῦ.

[¶24] 16.3. The grave of Aepytus I was especially anxious to see, because Homer in his verses about the Arcadians makes mention of the tomb of Aepytus. It is a mound of earth of no great size, surrounded by a circular base of stone. Homer naturally was bound to admire it, as he had never seen a more noteworthy tomb, just as he compares the dance worked by Hephaestus on the shield of Achilles to a dance made by Daedalus, because he had never seen more clever workmanship.

> Greek: 16.3. τὸν δὲ τοῦ Αἰπύτου τάφον σπουδῇ μάλιστα ἐθεασάμην, ὅτι ἐν τοῖς ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἔπεσιν ἔσχεν Ὅμηρος λόγον τοῦ· Αἰπύτου μνήματος. ἔστι μὲν οὖν γῆς χῶμα οὐ μέγα, λίθου κρηπῖδι ἐν κύκλῳ περιεχόμενον· Ὁμήρῳ δὲ— οὐ γὰρ εἶδεν ἀξιολογώτερον μνῆμα—εἰκότως παρέξειν ἔμελλε θαῦμα, ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἡφαίστου τὸν χορὸν ἐπὶ τῇ Ἀχιλλέως ἀσπίδι εἰργασμένον εἰκάζει χορῷ Δαιδάλου ποιηθέντι, σοφώτερα οὐ θεασάμενος.

[¶25] 16.4. I know many wonderful graves, and will mention two of them, the one at Halicarnassus and one in the land of the Hebrews. The one at Halicarnassus was made for Mausolus, king of the city, and it is of such vast size, and so notable for all its ornament, that the Romans in their great admiration of it call remarkable tombs in their country “Mausolea.”

> Greek: 16.4. τάφους δὲ ἀξίους θαύματος ἐπιστάμενος πολλοὺς δυοῖν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπιμνησθήσομαι, τοῦ τε ἐν Ἁλικαρνασσῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑβραίων. ὁ μὲν δὴ ἐν Ἁλικαρνασσῷ Μαυσώλῳ βασιλεύσαντι Ἁλικαρνασσέων πεποίηται, μέγεθος δὲ οὕτω δή τί ἐστι μέγας καὶ ἐς κατασκευὴν περίβλεπτος τὴν πᾶσαν, ὥστε καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι μεγάλως δή τι αὐτὸν θαυμάζοντες τὰ παρὰ σφίσιν ἐπιφανῆ μνήματα Μαυσώλεια ὀνομάζουσιν·

[¶26] 16.5. The Hebrews have a grave, that of Helen, a native woman, in the city of Jerusalem, which the Roman Emperor razed to the ground. There is a contrivance in the grave whereby the door, which like all the grave is of stone, does not open until the year brings back the same day and the same hour. Then the mechanism, unaided, opens the door, which, after a short interval, shuts itself. This happens at that time, but should you at any other try to open the door you cannot do so; force will not open it, but only break it down.

> Greek: 16.5. Ἑβραίοις δὲ Ἑλένης γυναικὸς ἐπιχωρίας τάφος ἐστὶν ἐν πόλει Σολύμοις, ἣν ἐς ἔδαφος κατέβαλεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς. μεμηχάνηται δὲ ἐν τῷ τάφῳ τὴν θύραν, ὁμοίως παντὶ οὖσαν τῷ τάφῳ λιθίνην, μὴ πρότερον ἀνοίγεσθαι, πρὶν ἂν ἡμέραν τε ἀεὶ καὶ ὥραν τὸ ἔτος ἐπαγάγῃ τὴν αὐτήν· τότε δὲ ὑπὸ μόνου τοῦ μηχανήματος ἀνοιχθεῖσα καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἐπισχοῦσα συνεκλείσθη διʼ ἑαυτῆς. τοῦτον μὲν δὴ οὕτω, τὸν δὲ ἄλλον χρόνον ἀνοῖξαι πειρώμενος ἀνοίξαις μὲν οὐκ ἄν, κατάξεις δὲ αὐτὴν πρότερον βιαζόμενος.

[¶27] 17.1. After the grave of Aepytus you come to the highest mountain in Arcadia, Cyllene, on the top of which is a dilapidated temple of Cyllenian Hermes. It is clear that Cyllen, the son of Elatus, gave the mountain its name and the god his surname.

> Greek: 17.1. μετὰ δὲ τοῦ Αἰπύτου τὸν τάφον ὄρος τε ὑψηλότατον ὀρῶν τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ Κυλλήνη καὶ Ἑρμοῦ Κυλληνίου κατερριμμένος ναός ἐστιν ἐπὶ κορυφῆς τοῦ ὄρους· δῆλα δέ ἐστιν ἀπὸ Κυλλῆνος τοῦ Ἐλάτου τῷ τε ὄρει τὸ ὄνομα καὶ ἡ ἐπίκλησις γεγενημένη τῷ θεῷ.

[¶28] 17.2. In days of old, men made wooden images, so far as I have been able to discover, from the following trees ebony, cypress, cedar, oak, yew, lotus. But the image of Cyllenian Hermes is made of none of these, but of juniper wood. Its height, I conjecture, is about eight feet.

> Greek: 17.2. τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις τὸ ἀρχαῖον, ὁπόσα καὶ ἡμεῖς καταμαθεῖν ἐδυνήθημεν, τοσάδε ἦν ἀφʼ ὧν τὰ ξόανα ἐποιοῦντο, ἔβενος, κυπάρισσος, αἱ κέδροι, τὰ δρύινα, ἡ μῖλαξ, ὁ λωτός· τῷ δὲ Ἑρμῇ τῷ Κυλληνίῳ τούτων μὲν ἀπὸ οὐδενός, θύου δὲ πεποιημένον τὸ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, ὀκτὼ δὲ εἶναι ποδῶν μάλιστα αὐτὸ εἰκάζομεν.

[¶29] 17.3. Cyllene can show also the following marvel. On it the blackbirds are entirely white. The birds so called by the Boeotians are a somewhat different breed, which does not sing. Eagles called swan-eagles, very like to swans for whiteness, I am acquainted with, as I have seen them on Mount Sipylus round the lake called the Lake of Tantalus. White wild boars and Thracian white bears have been known to be acquired by private individuals.

> Greek: 17.3. παρέχεται δὲ καὶ θαῦμα τοιόνδε ἡ Κυλλήνη· κόσσυφοι γὰρ οἱ ὄρνιθες ⟨ὁλόλευκοί⟩ εἰσιν ἐν αὐτῇ· οἱ δὲ ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν καλούμενοι γένος ἄλλο πού τί εἰσιν ὀρνίθων, οὐκ ᾠδικόν. ἀετοὺς μὲν οὖν ὀνομαζομένους κυκνίας μάλιστα ἐοικότας κύκνῳ λευκότητα οἶδα ἐν Σιπύλῳ θεασάμενος περὶ λίμνην καλουμένην Ταντάλου· ὗς δὲ ἀγρίους λευκοὺς καὶ ἄρκτους τῶν Θρᾳκίων λευκὰς ἤδη που καὶ ἄνδρες ἐκτήσαντο ἰδιῶται·

[¶30] 17.4. White hares are bred in Libya, and white deer I have seen in Rome to my great astonishment, though it never occurred to me to ask from what continent or island they had been brought. I have made these few remarks concerning the blackbirds in Cyllene that nobody may disbelieve what has been said about their color.

> Greek: 17.4. λαγῲ δὲ καὶ ἔλαφοι, τὸ μὲν Λιβυκὸν θρέμμα οἱ λαγῴ εἰσιν ⟨οἱ⟩ λευκοί, ἐλάφους δὲ ἐν Ῥώμῃ λευκὰς εἶδόν τε καὶ ἰδὼν θαῦμα ἐποιησάμην, ὁπόθεν δὲ ἢ τῶν ἠπείρων οὖσαι ἢ νησιώτιδες ἐκομίσθησαν, οὐκ ἐπῆλθεν ἐρέσθαι μοι. τάδε μὲν ἡμῖν λελέχθω τῶν ἐν Κυλλήνῃ κοσσύφων ἕνεκα, ὡς μὴ τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν ἐς τὴν χρόαν αὐτῶν ἀπιστοίη μηδείς·

[¶31] 17.5. Adjoining Cyllene is another mountain, Chelydorea, where Hermes is said to have found a tortoise, taken the shell from the beast, and to have made therefrom a harp. Here is the boundary between Pheneus and Pellene, and the greater part of Mount Chelydorea is inhabited by the Achaeans.

> Greek: 17.5. ἔχεται δὲ ἄλλο ὄρος Κυλλήνης Χελυδόρεα, ἔνθα εὑρὼν χελώνην Ἑρμῆς ἐκδεῖραι τὸ θηρίον καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς λέγεται ποιήσασθαι λύραν. ἐνταῦθα Φενεάταις καὶ Πελληνεῦσιν ὅροι τῆς γῆς εἰσι, καὶ τοῦ ὄρους τῶν Χελυδορέων οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ τὸ πλέον νέμονται.

[¶32] 17.6. As you go from Pheneus to the west, the left road leads to the city Cleitor, while on the right is the road to Nonacris and the water of the Styx. Of old Nonacris was a town of the Arcadians that was named after the wife of Lycaon. When I visited it, it was in ruins, and most of these were hidden. Not far from the ruins is a high cliff; I know of none other that rises to so great a height. A water trickles down the cliff, called by the Greeks the water of the Styx.

> Greek: 17.6. ἐκ Φενεοῦ δὲ ἰόντι ἐπὶ [τὴν] ἑσπέρας καὶ ἡλίου δυσμῶν ἡ μὲν ἀριστερὰ τῶν ὁδῶν ἐς πόλιν ἄγει Κλείτορα, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ ἐπὶ Νώνακριν καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγός. τὸ μὲν δὴ ἀρχαῖον ἡ Νώνακρις πόλισμα ἦν Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Λυκάονος γυναικὸς τὸ ὄνομα εἰλήφει· τὰ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐρείπια ἦν, οὐδὲ τούτων τὰ πολλὰ ἔτι δῆλα. τῶν δὲ ἐρειπίων οὐ πόρρω κρημνός ἐστιν ὑψηλός, οὐχ ἕτερον δʼ ἐς τοσοῦτον ἀνήκοντα ὕψους οἶδα· καὶ ὕδωρ κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ στάζει, καλοῦσι δὲ Ἕλληνες αὐτὸ ὕδωρ Στυγός.

[¶33] 18.1. Hesiod in the Theogony —for there are some who assign this hexameter poem to Hesiod—speaks of Styx as the daughter of Ocean and the wife of Pallas. Men say that Linus too gives a like account in his verses, though when I read these they struck me as altogether spurious.

> Greek: 18.1. εἶναι δὲ τὴν Στύγα Ἡσίοδος μὲν ἐν Θεογονίᾳ πεποίηκεν—Ἡσιόδου γὰρ δὴ ἔπη τὴν Θεογονίαν εἰσὶν οἳ νομίζουσι—, πεποιημένα οὖν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα Ὠκεανοῦ θυγατέρα τὴν Στύγα, γυναῖκα δὲ αὐτὴν εἶναι Πάλλαντος. ἐοικότα δὲ πεποιηκέναι τούτοις καὶ Λίνον φασίν· ἐμοὶ δὲ ἐπιλεγομένῳ παντάπασιν ἐφαίνετο ταῦτά γε εἶναι κίβδηλα.

[¶34] 18.2. Epimenides of Crete, also, represented Styx as the daughter of Ocean, not, however, as the wife of Pallas, but as bearing Echidna to Peiras, whoever Peiras may be. But it is Homer who introduces most frequently the name of Styx into his poetry. In the oath of Hera he says:—
Witness now to this be Earth, and broad Heaven above,
And the water of Styx down-flowing.
These verses suggest that the poet had seen the water of the Styx trickling down. Again in the list of those who came with Guneus he makes the river Titaresius receive its water from the Styx.

> Greek: 18.2. Ἐπιμενίδης δὲ ὁ Κρὴς εἶναι μὲν καὶ οὗτος θυγατέρα Ὠκεανοῦ τὴν Στύγα ἐποίησε, συνοικεῖν δὲ αὐτὴν οὐ Πάλλαντι, ἀλλὰ ἐκ Πείραντος Ἔχιδναν τεκεῖν, ὅστις δὴ ὁ Πείρας ἐστί. μάλιστα δὲ τῆς Στυγὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἐς τὴν ποίησιν ἐπεισηγάγετο Ὅμηρος. ἐν μέν γε Ἥρας ἐποίησεν ὅρκῳ
ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθεν
καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ·
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐποίησεν ὡς ἂν ἰδὼν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγὸς στάζον· βούλεται δὲ καὶ ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Γουνέως Τιταρησίῳ ποταμῷ ῥεῖν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς Στυγός.

[¶35] 18.3. He also represents the Styx as a river in Hades, and Athena says that Zeus does not remember that because of her he kept Heracles safe throughout the labours imposed by Eurystheus.
For if I had known this in my shrewd heart
When he sent him to Hades the gate-keeper,
To fetch out of Erebus the hound of hateful Hades,
He would never have escaped the sheer streams of' the river Styx.

> Greek: 18.3. ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ ἐν Ἅιδου ὕδωρ εἶναι, καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ τὸν Δία οὐ μεμνῆσθαί φησιν ὅτι διʼ αὐτῆς Ἡρακλέα ἔσωζεν ἐκ τῶν Εὐρυσθέως ἄθλων·
εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε ᾔδη ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν,
εὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀίδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν
ἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀίδαο,
οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα.

[¶36] 18.4. The water trickling down the cliff by the side of Nonacris falls first to a high rock, through which it passes and then descends into the river Crathis. Its water brings death to all, man and beast alike. It is said too that it once brought death even upon goats, which drank of the water first; later on all the wonderful properties of the water were learnt.

> Greek: 18.4. τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ κρημνοῦ τοῦ παρὰ τὴν Νώνακριν στάζον ἐσπίπτει μὲν πρῶτον ἐς πέτραν ὑψηλήν, διεξελθὸν δὲ διὰ τῆς πέτρας ἐς τὸν Κρᾶθιν ποταμὸν κάτεισι· θάνατον δὲ τὸ ὕδωρ φέρει τοῦτο καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ ἄλλῳ ζῴῳ παντί. λέγεται δὲ ὅτι γένοιτό ποτε ὄλεθρος ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἰξίν, αἳ τοῦ ὕδατος ἔπιον πρῶτον· χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐγνώσθη καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο πρόσεστι τῷ ὕδατι τῶν ἐς θαῦμα ἡκόντων.

[¶37] 18.5. For glass, crystal, murrhine vessels, other articles men make of stone, and pottery, are all broken by the water of the Styx, while things of horn or of bone, with iron, bronze, lead, tin, silver and electrum, are all corroded by this water. Gold too suffers just like all the other metals, and yet gold is immune to rust, as the Lesbian poetess bears witness and is shown by the metal itself.

> Greek: 18.5. ὕαλος μέν γε καὶ κρύσταλλος καὶ μόρρια καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀνθρώποις ἄλλα λίθου ποιούμενα καὶ τῶν σκευῶν τὰ κεραμεᾶ, τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς Στυγὸς τοῦ ὕδατος ῥήγνυται· κεράτινα δὲ καὶ ὀστέινα σίδηρός τε καὶ χαλκός, ἔτι δὲ μόλιβδός τε καὶ κασσίτερος καὶ ἄργυρος καὶ τὸ ἤλεκτρον ὑπὸ τούτου σήπεται τοῦ ὕδατος. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ [ἐν] μετάλλοις τοῖς πᾶσι καὶ ὁ χρυσὸς πέπονθε· καίτοι [γε] καθαρεύειν γε τὸν χρυσὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ ἥ τε ποιήτρια μάρτυς ἐστὶν ἡ Λεσβία καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ χρυσὸς ἐπιδείκνυσιν.

[¶38] 18.6. So heaven has assigned to the most lowly things the mastery over things far more esteemed than they. For pearls are dissolved by vinegar, while diamonds, the hardest of stones, are melted by the blood of the he-goat. The only thing that can resist the water of the Styx is a horse's hoof. When poured into it the water is retained, and does not break up the hoof. Whether Alexander, the son of Philip, met his end by this poison I do not know for certain, but I do know that there is a story to this effect.

> Greek: 18.6. ἔδωκε δὲ ἄρα ὁ θεὸς τοῖς μάλιστα ἀπερριμμένοις κρατεῖν τῶν ὑπερηρκότων τῇ δόξῃ. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ τὰ μάργαρα ἀπόλλυσθαι πέφυκεν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄξους, τοῦτο δὲ τὸν ἀδάμαντα λίθων ὄντα ἰσχυρότατον τοῦ τράγου κατατήκει τὸ αἷμα· καὶ δὴ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ οὐ δύναται τῆς Στυγὸς ὁπλὴν ἵππου βιάσασθαι μόνην, ἀλλὰ ἐμβληθὲν κατέχεταί τε ὑπʼ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ διεργάζεται τὴν ὁπλήν. εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Φιλίππου συνέβη τὴν τελευτὴν διὰ τοῦ φαρμάκου γενέσθαι τούτου, σαφῶς μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, λεγόμενον δὲ οἶδα.

[¶39] 18.7. Above Nonacris are the Aroanian Mountains, in which is a cave. To this cave, legend says, the daughters of Proetus fled when struck with madness; Melampus by secret sacrifices and purifications brought them down to a place called Lusi. Most of the Aroanian mountain belongs to Pheneus, but Lusi is on the borders of Cleitor.

> Greek: 18.7. ὑπὲρ δὲ τὴν Νώνακριν ὄρη τε καλούμενα Ἀροάνια καὶ σπήλαιόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς. ἐς τοῦτο ἀναφυγεῖν τὸ σπήλαιον τὰς θυγατέρας τὰς Προίτου μανείσας λέγουσιν, ἃς ὁ Μελάμπους θυσίαις τε ἀπορρήτοις καὶ καθαρμοῖς κατήγαγεν ἐς χωρίον καλούμενον Λουσούς. τοῦ μὲν δὴ ὄρους τῶν Ἀροανίων Φενεᾶται τὰ πολλὰ ἐνέμοντο· οἱ δὲ ἐν ὅροις ἤδη Κλειτορίων εἰσὶν οἱ Λουσοί.

[¶40] 18.8. They say that Lusi was once a city, and Agesilas was proclaimed as a man of Lusi when victor in the horse-race at the eleventh Pythian festival held by the Amphictyons; but when I was there not even ruins of Lusi remained. Well, the daughters of Proetus were brought down by Melampus to Lusi, and healed of their madness in a sanctuary of Artemis. Wherefore this Artemis is called Hemerasia (She who soothes) by the Cleitorians.

> Greek: 18.8. πόλιν μὲν δή ποτε εἶναι λέγουσι τοὺς Λουσούς, καὶ Ἀγησίλας ἀνὴρ Λουσεὺς ἀνηγορεύθη κέλητι ἵππῳ νικῶν, ὅτε πρώτην ἐπὶ ταῖς δέκα ἐτίθεσαν πυθιάδα Ἀμφικτύονες· τὰ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν οὐδὲ ἐρείπια ἔτι λειπόμενα ἦν Λουσῶν. τὰς δʼ οὖν θυγατέρας τοῦ Προίτου κατήγαγεν ὁ Μελάμπους ἐς τοὺς Λουσοὺς καὶ ἠκέσατο τῆς μανίας ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ· καὶ ἀπʼ ἐκείνου τὴν Ἄρτεμιν ταύτην Ἡμερασίαν καλοῦσιν οἱ Κλειτόριοι.

[¶41] 19.1. There is a clan of the Arcadians, called the Cynaetheans, the same folk who dedicated the image of Zeus at Olympia with a thunderbolt in either hand. These Cynaetheans live more than forty stades from... and in their marketplace have been made altars of the gods and a statue of the Emperor Hadrian.

> Greek: 19.1. εἰσὶ δέ τινες γένους μὲν καὶ οὗτοι τῶν Ἀρκάδων, ὄνομα δέ σφισι Κυναιθαεῖς, οἳ καὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀνέθεσαν τοῦ Διός, κεραυνὸν ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ ἔχοντα τῇ χειρί· οὗτοι οἱ Κυναιθαεῖς τεσσαράκοντα ἀπωτέρω ⟨Λουσῶν⟩ σταδίοις μᾶλλον οἰκοῦσι, καί σφισιν ἐν ἀγορᾷ πεποίηνται μὲν θεῶν βωμοί, πεποίηται δὲ Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλέως εἰκών.

[¶42] 19.2. The most notable things here include a sanctuary of Dionysus, to whom they hold a feast in the winter, at which men smeared with grease take up from a herd of cattle a bull, whichever one the god suggest to them, and carry it to the sanctuary. This is the manner of their sacrifice. Here there is a spring of cold water, about two stades away from the city, and above it grows a plane-tree.

> Greek: 19.2. τὰ δὲ μάλιστα ἥκοντα ἐς μνήμην Διονύσου ἐστὶν ἐνταῦθα ἱερόν, καὶ ἑορτὴν ὥρᾳ ἄγουσι χειμῶνος, ἐν ᾗ λίπα ἀληλιμμένοι ἄνδρες ἐξ ἀγέλης βοῶν ταῦρον, ὃν ἄν σφισιν ἐπὶ νοῦν αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς ποιήσῃ, ἀράμενοι κομίζουσι πρὸς τὸ ἱερόν. θυσία μὲν τοιαύτη σφίσι καθέστηκε· πηγὴ δέ ἐστιν αὐτόθι ὕδατος ψυχροῦ, δύο μάλιστα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄστεως ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις, καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς πλάτανος πεφυκυῖα.

[¶43] 19.3. If a rabid dog turn a man mad, or wound or otherwise endanger him, to drink this water is a cure. For this reason they call the spring Alyssus (Curer of madness). So it would appear that the Arcadians have in the water near Pheneus, called the Styx, a thing made to be a mischief to man, while the spring among the Cynaetheans is a boon to make up for the bane in the other place.

> Greek: 19.3. ὃς δʼ ἂν ὑπὸ κυνὸς κατασχέτου λύσσῃ ἤτοι ἕλκος ἢ καὶ ἄλλως κίνδυνον εὕρηται, τὸ ὕδωρ οἱ πίνοντι ἴαμα· καὶ Ἄλυσσον τοῦδε ἕνεκα ὀνομάζουσι τὴν πηγήν· καὶ οὕτω φαίνοιτο ἂν Ἀρκάσι τὸ μὲν πρὸς Φενεῷ ὕδωρ, ὃ Στύγα ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπου συμφορᾷ ἀνευρημένον, ἡ δὲ πηγὴ ⟨ἡ⟩ ἐν Κυναιθαεῦσιν ἀγαθὸν οὖσα ἀντίρροπον τῷ ἐκεῖ πήματι.

[¶44] 19.4. One of the roads from Pheneus, which go westward, remains, the one on the left. This road leads to Cleitor, and extends by the side of the work of Heracles, which made a course for the river Aroanius. By it the road goes down to a place called Lycuria, which is the boundary between Pheneus and Cleitor.

> Greek: 19.4. λείπεται δὲ ἐκ Φενεοῦ τῶν ὁδῶν, αἵ εἰσι πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν, ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ. αὕτη δὲ ἡ ὁδὸς ἄγει μὲν ἐς Κλείτορα, καθήκει δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἔργον, ὃ τῷ ποταμῷ ῥεῦμα ἐποίησεν εἶναι τῷ Ἀροανίῳ. παρὰ τοῦτο ἡ ὁδὸς κάτεισιν ἐπὶ χωρίον Λυκουρίαν, καὶ ἔστι Φενεάταις ἡ Λυκουρία πρὸς Κλειτορίους ὅροι τῆς γῆς.

[¶45] 20.1. Advancing about fifty stades from Lycuria, you will come to the source of the Ladon. I heard that the water making a lake in the territory of Pheneus, descending into the chasms in the mountains, rises here and forms the source of the Ladon, but I cannot say for certain whether this is true or not. The Ladon is the most lovely river in Greece, and is also famous for the legend of Daphne that the poets tell.

> Greek: 20.1. προελθόντων δὲ σταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα ἐκ Λυκουρίας, ἐπὶ τοῦ Λάδωνος ἀφίξῃ τὰς πηγάς· ἤκουσα δὲ ὡς τὸ ὕδωρ ⟨τὸ⟩ λιμνάζον ἐν τῇ Φενεατικῇ, κατερχόμενον ἐς τὰ βάραθρα τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, ἄνεισιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ ποιεῖ τῷ Λάδωνι τὰς πηγάς. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἔχω σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, εἴτε οὕτως εἴτε ἄλλως ἐστὶν ἔχον· ὁ δὲ Λάδων ποταμῶν τῶν ἐν Ἑλλάδι ὕδωρ παρέχεται κάλλιστον, ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐς ἀνθρώπους φήμην Δάφνης τε εἵνεκα καὶ †τὰ ᾀδόμενα ἐς τὴν Δάφνην.

[¶46] 20.2. I pass over the story current among the Syrians who live on the river Orontes, and give the account of the Arcadians and Eleans. Oenomaus, prince of Pisa, had a son Leucippus. Leucippus fell in love with Daphne, but despaired of winning her to be his wife by an open courtship, as she avoided all the male sex. The following trick occurred to him by which to get her. Leucippus was growing his hair long for the river Alpheius.

> Greek: 20.2. τοῦ λόγου δὲ τοῦ ἐς Δάφνην τὰ μὲν Σύροις τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ ποταμῷ παρίημι, λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιάδε ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων καὶ Ἠλείων. Οἰνομάῳ τῷ δυναστεύσαντι ἐν Πίσῃ Λεύκιππος ἦν υἱός. οὗτος ἐρασθεὶς Δάφνης ὁ Λεύκιππος ἐκ μὲν τοῦ εὐθέος μνώμενος γυναῖκα ἕξειν ἀπεγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν ἅτε ἅπαν τὸ ἄρσεν γένος φεύγουσαν· παρέστη δέ οἱ τοιόνδε ἐς αὐτὴν σόφισμα.

[¶47] 20.3. Braiding his hair as though he were a maiden, and putting on woman's clothes, he came to Daphne and said that he was a daughter of Oenomaus, and would like to share her hunting. As he was thought to be a maiden, surpassed the other maidens in nobility of birth and skill in hunting, and was besides most assiduous in his attentions, he drew Daphne into a deep friendship.

> Greek: 20.3. ἔτρεφεν ὁ Λεύκιππος κόμην τῷ Ἀλφειῷ· ταύτην οἷα δὴ παρθένος πλεξάμενος τὴν κόμην καὶ ἐσθῆτα ἐνδὺς γυναικείαν ἀφίκετο ὡς τὴν Δάφνην, ἐλθὼν δὲ Οἰνομάου τε ἔλεγεν εἶναι θυγάτηρ καὶ ὡς συνθηρᾶν ἐθέλοι τῇ Δάφνῃ. ἅτε δὲ εἶναι παρθένος νομιζόμενος, καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ὑπερβεβλημένος παρθένους γένους τε ἀξιώματι καὶ σοφίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὰ κυνηγέσια, πρὸς δὲ καὶ τῇ θεραπείᾳ περισσῇ χρώμενος, ἐς φιλίαν ἰσχυρὰν ἐπάγεται τὴν Δάφνην.

[¶48] 20.4. The poets who sing of Apollo's love for Daphne make an addition to the tale; that Apollo became jealous of Leucippus because of his success in his love. Forthwith Daphne and the other maidens conceived a longing to swim in the Ladon, and stripped Leucippus in spite of his reluctance. Then, seeing that he was no maid, they killed him with their javelins and daggers.

> Greek: 20.4. οἱ δὲ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνος ἔρωτα ἐς αὐτὴν ᾄδοντες καὶ τάδε ἐπιλέγουσιν, Ἀπόλλωνα Λευκίππῳ νεμεσῆσαι τῆς ἐς τὸν ἔρωτα εὐδαιμονίας. αὐτίκα δὲ ἐπεθύμησεν ἐν τῷ Λάδωνι ἡ Δάφνη καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ παρθένοι νήχεσθαι, καὶ τὸν Λεύκιππον ἀποδύουσιν ἄκοντα· ἰδοῦσαι δὲ οὐ παρθένον τοῖς τε ἀκοντίοις αὐτὸν καὶ ἐγχειριδίοις τύπτουσαι διέφθειραν.

[¶49] 21.1. Such is the tale. From the source of the Ladon, Cleitor is sixty stades away, and the road from the source of the Ladon is a narrow gorge alongside the river Aroanius. Near the city you will cross the river called the Cleitor. The Cleitor flows into the Aroanius, at a point not more than seven stades from the city.

> Greek: 21.1. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτω λέγουσι· τοῦ Λάδωνος δὲ τῶν πηγῶν ἀπέχει στάδια ἑξήκοντα ἡ Κλειτορίων πόλις, ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Λάδωνός ἐστιν αὐλὼν στενὸς παρὰ τὸν Ἀροάνιον ποταμόν. πρὸς δὲ τῇ πόλει διαβήσῃ ποταμὸν καλούμενον Κλείτορα. ἐκδίδωσιν οὖν ὁ Κλείτωρ ἐς τὸν Ἀροάνιον, οὐ πλέον τῆς πόλεως σταδίους ἀπέχοντα ἑπτά.

[¶50] 21.2. Among the fish in the Aroanius is one called the dappled fish. These dappled fish, it is said, utter a cry like that of the thrush. I have seen fish that have been caught, but I never heard their cry, though I waited by the river even until sunset, at which time the fish were said to cry most.

> Greek: 21.2. εἰσὶ δὲ ἰχθῦς ἐν τῷ Ἀροανίῳ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ οἱ ποικιλίαι καλούμενοι· τούτους λέγουσι τοὺς ποικιλίας φθέγγεσθαι κίχλῃ τῇ ὄρνιθι ἐοικός. ἐγὼ δὲ ἀγρευθέντας μὲν εἶδον, φθεγγομένων δὲ ἤκουσα οὐδὲν καταμείνας πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ἐς ἡλίου δυσμάς, ὅτε δὴ φθέγγεσθαι μάλιστα ἐλέγοντο οἱ ἰχθῦς.

[¶51] 21.3. Cleitor got its name from the son of Azan, and is situated on a level spot surrounded by low hills. The most celebrated sanctuaries of the Cleitorians are those of Demeter, Asclepius and, thirdly, Eileithyia... to be, and gave no number for them. The Lycian Olen, an earlier poet, who composed for the Delians, among other hymns, one to Eileithyia, styles her “the clever spinner,” clearly identifying her with fate, and makes her older than Cronus.

> Greek: 21.3. τῇ δὲ Κλειτορίων πόλει τὸ μὲν ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐτέθη τοῦ Ἀζᾶνος, οἰκεῖται ⟨δʼ⟩ ἐν ὁμαλῷ, κύκλῳ δὲ ὄρη περιέχοντά ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλα. Κλειτορίοις δὲ ἱερὰ τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα Δήμητρος τό τε Ἀσκληπιοῦ, τρίτον δέ ἐστιν Εἰλειθυίας εἶναι, καὶ ἀριθμὸν ἐποίησεν οὐδένα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς· Λύκιος δὲ Ὠλὴν ἀρχαιότερος τὴν ἡλικίαν, Δηλίοις ὕμνους καὶ ἄλλους ποιήσας καὶ ἐς Εἰλείθυιαν [τε], εὔλινόν τε αὐτὴν ἀνακαλεῖ— δῆλον ὡς τῇ πεπρωμένῃ τὴν αὐτήν—καὶ Κρόνου πρεσβυτέραν φησὶν εἶναι.

[¶52] 21.4. Cleitor has also, at a distance of about four stades from the city, a sanctuary of the Dioscuri, under the name of the Great Gods. There are also images of them in bronze. There is also built upon a mountain-top, thirty stades away from the city, a temple of Athena Coria will, an image of the goddess.

> Greek: 21.4. Κλειτορίοις δὲ καὶ Διοσκούρων, καλουμένων δὲ θεῶν Μεγάλων ἐστὶν ἱερὸν ὅσον τέσσαρα ἀπέχον στάδια ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως· καὶ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς χαλκᾶ. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ ὄρους κορυφῆς σταδίοις τριάκοντα ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεως ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς Κορίας.

[¶53] 22.1. My narrative returns to Stymphalus and to Geronteium, as it is called, the boundary between Stymphalus and Pheneus. The Stymphalians are no longer included among the Arcadians, but are numbered with the Argive League, which they joined of their own accord. That they are by race Arcadians is testified by the verses of Homer, and Stymphalus their founder was a grandson of Arcas, the son of Callisto. It is said that it was originally founded on another site, and not on that of the modern city.

> Greek: 22.1. ἐπανάγει δὲ ὁ λόγος με ἐπὶ Στύμφαλον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς Φενεατῶν καὶ Στυμφαλίων ὅρους, τὸ ὀνομαζόμενον Γερόντειον. Στυμφάλιοι δὲ τεταγμένοι μὲν οὐ μετὰ Ἀρκάδων ἔτι εἰσὶν, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ Ἀργολικὸν συντελοῦσι μεταστάντες ἐς αὐτὸ ἐθελονταί· γένους δὲ εἶναι σφᾶς τοῦ Ἀρκάδων τὰ ἔπη μαρτυρεῖ τὰ Ὁμήρου, καὶ ὁ Στύμφαλος ὁ οἰκιστὴς ἀπόγονος ἦν τρίτος Ἀρκάδος τοῦ Καλλιστοῦς. λέγεται δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἑτέρωθι οἰκισθῆναι τῆς χώρας καὶ οὐκ ἐς τὴν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πόλιν.

[¶54] 22.2. The story has it that in the old Stymphalus dwelt Temenus, the son of Pelasgus, and that Hera was reared by this Temenus, who himself established three sanctuaries for the goddess, and gave her three surnames when she was still a maiden, Girl; when married to Zeus he called her Grown-up; when for some cause or other she quarrelled with Zeus and came back to Stymphalus, Temenus named her Widow. This is the account which, to my own knowledge, the Stymphalians give of the goddess.

> Greek: 22.2. ἐν δὲ τῇ Στυμφάλῳ τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ Τήμενόν φασιν οἰκῆσαι τὸν Πελασγοῦ καὶ Ἥραν ὑπὸ τοῦ Τημένου τραφῆναι τούτου καὶ αὐτὸν ἱερὰ τῇ θεῷ τρία ἱδρύσασθαι καὶ ἐπικλήσεις τρεῖς ἐπʼ αὐτῇ θέσθαι· παρθένῳ μὲν ἔτι οὔσῃ Παιδί, γημαμένην δὲ [ἔτι] τῷ Διὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὴν Τελείαν, διενεχθεῖσαν δὲ ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὴ ἐς τὸν Δία καὶ ἐπανήκουσαν ἐς τὴν Στύμφαλον ὠνόμασεν ὁ Τήμενος Χήραν. τάδε μὲν ὑπὸ Στυμφαλίων λεγόμενα οἶδα ἐς τὴν θεόν·

[¶55] 22.3. The modern city contains none of these sanctuaries, but I found the following notable things. In the Stymphalian territory is a spring, from which the emperor Hadrian brought water to Corinth. In winter the spring makes a small lake in Stymphalus, and the river Stymphalus issues from the lake; in summer there is no lake, but the river comes straight from the spring. This river descends into a chasm in the earth, and reappearing once more in Argolis it changes its name, and is called Erasinus instead of Stymphalus.

> Greek: 22.3. ἡ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πόλις τῶν μὲν εἰρημένων οὐδέν, ἄλλα δὲ εἶχε τοσάδε. ἔστιν ἐν τῇ Στυμφαλίων πηγή, καὶ ἀπὸ ταύτης ὕδωρ βασιλεὺς Ἀδριανὸς Κορινθίοις ἤγαγεν ἐς τὴν πόλιν. ἐν δὲ τῇ Στυμφάλῳ χειμῶνος μὲν ὥρᾳ λίμνην τε οὐ μεγάλην ἡ πηγὴ καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς ποταμὸν ποιεῖ τὸν Στύμφαλον· ἐν θέρει δὲ προλιμνάζει μὲν οὐδὲν ἔτι, ποταμὸς δὲ αὐτίκα ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς. οὗτος ἐς χάσμα γῆς κάτεισιν ὁ ποταμός, ἀναφαινόμενος δὲ αὖθις ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι μεταβάλλει τὸ ὄνομα, καὶ αὐτὸν ἀντὶ Στυμφάλου καλοῦσιν Ἐρασῖνον.

[¶56] 22.4. There is a story current about the water of the Stymphalus, that at one time man-eating birds bred on it, which Heracles is said to have shot down. Peisander of Camira, however, says that Heracles did not kill the birds, but drove them away with the noise of rattles. The Arabian desert breeds among other wild creatures birds called Stymphalian, which are quite as savage against men as lions or leopards.

> Greek: 22.4. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ὕδατι τῷ ἐν Στυμφάλῳ κατέχει λόγος ὄρνιθάς ποτε ἀνδροφάγους ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τραφῆναι· ταύτας κατατοξεῦσαι τὰς ὄρνιθας Ἡρακλῆς λέγεται. Πείσανδρος δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ Καμιρεὺς ἀποκτεῖναι τὰς ὄρνιθας οὔ φησιν, ἀλλὰ ὡς ψόφῳ κροτάλων ἐκδιώξειεν αὐτάς. γῆς δὲ τῆς Ἀράβων ἡ ἔρημος παρέχεται καὶ ἄλλα θηρία καὶ ὄρνιθας καλουμένας Στυμφαλίδας, λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων οὐδέν τι ἡμερωτέρας ἀνθρώποις·

[¶57] 22.5. These fly against those who come to hunt them, wounding and killing them with their beaks. All armour of bronze or iron that men wear is pierced by the birds; but if they weave a garment of thick cork, the beaks of the Stymphalian birds are caught in the cork garment, just as the wings of small birds stick in bird-lime. These birds are of the size of a crane, and are like the ibis, but their beaks are more powerful, and not crooked like that of the ibis.

> Greek: 22.5. αὗται τοῖς ἐπὶ ἄγραν αὐτῶν ἀφικνουμένοις ἐπιπέτανται, καὶ τιτρώσκουσί τε τοῖς ῥάμφεσι καὶ ἀποκτείνουσιν. ὅσα μὲν δὴ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου φοροῦσιν ἄνθρωποι, διατρυπῶσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες· ἢν δὲ ἐσθῆτα φλοΐνην παχεῖαν πλέξωνται, τὰ ῥάμφη τῶν Στυμφαλίδων ὑπὸ τῆς ἐσθῆτος ἔχεται τῆς φλοΐνης, καθὰ καὶ πτέρυγες ὀρνίθων τῶν μικρῶν προσέχονται τῷ ἰξῷ. αὗται μέγεθος μὲν κατὰ γέρανόν εἰσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες, ἐοίκασι δὲ ἴβεσι, ῥάμφη δὲ ἀλκιμώτερα φέρουσι καὶ οὐ σκολιὰ ὥσπερ αἱ ἴβεις.