43.6. As he offered sacrifice before the battle, and heard from the seer that the indications of the omens were victory for the army, but death for its commander, he said, not at all disconcerted, “Sparta’s fate rests not with one man. For, if I am killed, my country will not be impaired in any way; but if I yield to the enemy, it will be.” And so, after appointing Cleander to take his place as commander, he put forth without delay for the naval engagement, and met his death in the battle.
43.6. προθυσάμενος δέ, ὡς ἤκουσε τοῦ μάντεως σημαίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν ἐμπύρων τῷ μὲν στρατῷ νίκην τῷ δὲ στρατηγοῦντι θάνατον, οὐδὲν καταπλαγεὶς εἶπεν οὐ παρʼ ἕνα τὰ Σπάρτας· ἀποθανόντος γάρ μου οὐδὲν ἡ πατρὶς ἐλαττωθήσεται· εἴξαντος δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις, ἐλαττωθήσεται. ἀποδείξας οὖν ἀνθʼ ἑαυτοῦ Κλέανδρον ἡγεμόνα ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ τὴν ναυμαχίαν, καὶ μαχόμενος ἐτελεύτα.
44.1. Cleombrotus, the son of Pausanias, when a man from abroad was disputing with Cleombrotus’s father about excellence, said, “My father is a better man than you — until you too have become a father.”
44.1. Κλεόμβροτος ὁ Παυσανίου, ξένου τινὸς διαφερομένου πρὸς τὸν πατέρα περὶ ἀρετῆς, μέχρι τούτου εἶπεν κρείσσων σού ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ, μέχρι ἂν καὶ σὺ γεννήσῃς.
45.1. Cleomenes, the son of Anaxandridas, said that Homer was the poet of the Spartans, and Hesiod of the Helots; for Homer had given the necessary directions for fighting, and Hesiod for farming.
45.1. Κλεομένης ὁ Ἀναξανδρίδεω τὸν μὲν Ὅμηρον Λακεδαιμονίων εἶναι ποιητὴν ἔφη, τὸν δὲ Ἡσίοδον τῶν εἱλώτων· τὸν μὲν γὰρ ὡς χρὴ πολεμεῖν, τὸν δὲ ὡς χρὴ γεωργεῖν παρηγγελκέναι.
45.2. Having made an armistice of seven days with the Argives, he kept a watch on them, and on the third night, when they were sleeping because of their reliance on the truce, he attacked them, and slew some and took the others prisoners.
45.2. ἀνοχὰς δὲ ἑφθημέρους πρὸς Ἀργείους ποιησάμενος, φυλάξας αὐτοὺς τῇ τρίτῃ νυκτὶ κοιμωμένους διὰ τὸ πεποιθέναι ταῖς σπονδαῖς, ἐπέθετο· καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ αἰχμαλώτους ἔλαβεν.
45.3. When he was reproached for his violation of his oath, he said that he had not included the nights as well as the days in his plighted word; and anyway, whatever ill one can do to one’s enemies is regarded, among both gods and men, as something vastly higher than justice.
45.3. ὀνειδιζόμενος δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ παραβάσει τῶν ὅρκων, οὐκ ἔφη προσομωμοκέναι ταῖς ἡμέραις τὰς νύκτας· ἄλλως τε καὶ ὅ τι ἂν κακόν τις ποιῇ τοὺς πολεμίους, τοῦτο καὶ παρὰ θεοῖς καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις δίκης ὑπέρτερον νομίζεσθαι.
45.4. It was his fortune to be repulsed from Argos, to gain which he had violated the truce, owing to the women’s taking down the weapons in the shrines and defending themselves against him with these. Later he went out of his mind, and, getting hold of a small dagger, he slashed himself, beginning with his ankles until he reached the vital parts, and thus departed this life laughing and grinning.
45.4. συνέβη δʼ αὐτῷ τοῦ μὲν Ἄργους, διʼ ὃ παρεσπόνδησεν, ἀποπεσεῖν διὰ τὸ τὰς γυναῖκας τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν καθελούσας ὅπλα τούτοις αὐτὸν ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ ὕστερον δὲ τῶν φρενῶν ἔξω γενόμενον δράξασθαί τινος μαχαιρίου καὶ αὑτὸν ἀνατεμεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν σφυρῶν ἕως ἐπὶ τοὺς καιρίους τόπους, καὶ οὕτως ἐκλιπεῖν τὸν βίον γελῶντα καὶ σεσηρότα.
45.5. The seer tried to dissuade him from leading his army against the city of the Argives, for the return, he said, would be made in disgrace. But when Cleomenes had advanced near the city, and saw the gates closed and the women upon the walls, he said, “Does it seem to you that the return from here can be made in disgrace, where, since the men are dead, the women have barred the gates?”
45.5. τοῦ δὲ μάντεως ἀποτρέποντος μὴ ἄγειν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀργείων πόλιν τὸ στράτευμα· τὴν γὰρ ἐπάνοδον αἰσχρὰν γενήσεσθαι· προσελθὼν τῇ πόλει ὡς τὰς μὲν πύλας κεκλεισμένας εἶδε, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ἐπὶ τῶν τειχῶν, αὕτη σοι ἔφη ἡ ἐπάνοδος αἰσχρὰ φαίνεται εἶναι, ἐν ᾗ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τεθνηκότων αἱ γυναῖκες τὰς πύλας κεκλείκασι;
45.6. In answer to those of the Argives who upbraided him as an impious perjurer, he said, “You have the power to speak ill of me, but I have the power to do ill to you.”
45.6. πρὸς δὲ τοὺς λοιδοροῦντας αὐτὸν τῶν Ἀργείων ὡς ἐπίορκον καὶ ἀσεβῆ τοῦ μὲν κακῶς λέγειν ἔφη ὑμεῖς κύριοι, τοῦ δὲ κακῶς ὑμᾶς ποιεῖν ἐγώ.
45.7. To the ambassadors from Samos who urged him to make war upon the despot Poly crates, and for this reason spoke at great length, he said, “What you said at the beginning I do not remember; for that reason I do not comprehend the middle part; and the conclusion I do not approve.”
45.7. τοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Σάμου πρέσβεσι παρακαλοῦσιν αὐτὸν Πολυκράτει τῷ τυράννῳ πολεμεῖν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μακρολογοῦσιν, ὧν εἰρήκατε ἔφη τὰ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὐ μέμνημαι, διὰ τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὰ μέσα οὐ συνίημι· τὰ δʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οὐ δοκιμάζω.
45.8. A certain pirate overran the country, and, when he was captured, said, “I had not the means to provide subsistence for my soldiers; therefore, to those who had it, but would not willingly give it, I came with the purpose of taking it by force.” To this Cleomenes said, “Villainy is curt.”
45.8. πειρατοῦ δὲ καταδραμόντος τὴν χώραν καί, ὡς ἑάλω, λέγοντος ὅτι τροφὴν οὐκ εἶχον τοῖς στρατιώταις παρέχειν, πρὸς τοὺς ἔχοντας οὖν ἑκοντὶ δʼ οὐ διδόντας βίᾳ ληψόμενος ἦλθον· ἔφη σύντομος ἡ πονηρία.
45.9. When a certain low fellow spoke ill of him, he said, “So it is for this reason, is it, that you speak ill of everyone, that we, busied in defending ourselves, may not have time to speak of your baseness?”
45.9. φαύλου δέ τινος αὐτὸν κακῶς λέγοντος ἆρα διὰ τοῦτο ἔφη πάντας σὺ κακῶς λέγεις, ἵνα ἀπολογούμενοι μὴ εὐκαιρῶμεν περὶ τῆς σῆς κακίας λέγειν;
45.10. When one of the citizens said that the good king ought to be mild at all times and in every way, he remarked, “Yes, but not to the extent of being despised.”
45.10. τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν τινος λέγοντος, ὅτι τὸν ἀγαθὸν βασιλέα πάντῃ πάντως πρᾶον εἶναι δεῖ, οὐκοῦν ἔφη ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ εὐκαταφρόνητον εἶναι.
45.11. When he was afflicted with a lingering illness, and began to give attention to mind-healers and seers, to whom formerly he had given no attention, someone expressed surprise. “Why are you surprised?” said he; “for I am not now the same man that I was, and, not being the same man, I do not approve the same things.”
45.11. ἑλκυσθεὶς δὲ νόσῳ μακρᾷ, ἐπεὶ καθαρταῖς καὶ μάντεσι προσεῖχε τὸ πρὶν οὐ προσέχων, θαυμάζοντός τινος, τί θαυμάζεις; ἔφη οὐ γάρ εἰμι ὁ αὐτὸς νῦν καὶ τότε· οὐκ ὢν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς οὐδὲ τὰ αὐτὰ δοκιμάζω.
45.12. When a public lecturer spoke at considerable length about bravery, he burst out laughing; and when the man said, “Why do you laugh, Cleomenes, at hearing a man speak about bravery, and that, too, when you are a king?” “Because, my friend,” he said, “if it had been a swallow speaking about it, T should have done the same thing, but if it had been an eagle, I should have kept very quiet.”
45.12. σοφιστοῦ δέ τινος περὶ ἀνδρείας λέγοντος, πλείω ἐγέλασε· τοῦ δὲ εἰπόντος τί γελᾷς, Κλεόμενες, περὶ ἀνδρείας λέγοντος ἀκούων, καὶ ταῦτα βασιλεὺς ὤν; ὅτι ἔφη ξένε καὶ ἡ χελιδὼν εἰ περὶ αὐτῆς ἔλεγε, τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἂν ἐποίουν· εἰ δὲ ἀετός, πολλὴν ἂν εἶχον ἠρεμίαν.
45.13. When the people of Argos asserted that they would wipe out their former defeat by fighting again, he said, “I wonder if by the addition of a word of two syllables you have now become more powerful than you were before!”
45.13. τῶν δὲ Ἀργείων τὴν προτέραν ἧτταν φασκόντων ἀναμαχεῖσθαι, θαυμάζω ἔφη εἰ δύο συλλαβῶν προσθήκῃ νῦν κρείσσονες ἐγένεσθε ἢ πρόσθεν ἦτε.
45.14. When someone upbraided him, saying, “You are inclined to luxury, Cleomenes,” he said, “Well, that is better than being unjust. And you are avaricious although you possess property enough.”
45.14. λοιδοροῦντος δέ τινος αὐτὸν καὶ φήσαντος θρυπτικὸς εἶ, ὦ Κλεόμενες, ἀλλὰ κρεῖσσον ἔφη ἢ ἄδικον εἶναι· σὺ δὲ φιλοχρήματος καίπερ ἱκανὰ κεκτημένος.
45.15. When someone, wishing to introduce a musician to him, said, in addition to other commendations, that the man was the best musician among the Greeks, Cleomenes pointed to one of the persons near, and said, “Yonder man, I swear, ranks with me as the best soup-maker.”
45.15. ψάλτην δέ τις αὐτῷ βουλόμενος συστῆσαι τά τε ἄλλα τὸν ἄνδρα ἐπῄνει καὶ ψάλτην αὐτὸν ἔφη κράτιστον εἶναι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁ δὲ δείξας τινὰ τῶν πλησίον νὴ τοὺς θεούς ἔφη οὗτος παρʼ ἐμοὶ ζωμοποιός.
45.16. Maeandrius, the despot of Samos, because of the inroad of the Persians, fled to Sparta, and exhibited all the gold and silver vessels which he had brought with him, and offered to favour Cleomenes with as many as he wished; but he would have none, and, taking good care that the man should not distribute any among the rest of the citizens, he went to the Ephors and said that it was better for Sparta that his own friend and guest from Samos should withdraw from the Peloponnesus, so that he should not persuade anyone of the Spartans to become a bad man. And they listened to his advice and proclaimed the expulsion of Maeandrius that very day.
45.16. Μαιάνδρου δὲ τοῦ τῆς Σάμου τυράννου διὰ τὴν Περσῶν ἔφοδον εἰς Σπάρτην φυγόντος καὶ ἐπιδείξαντος ὅσα κεκομίκει χρύσεά τε καὶ ἀργύρεα ἐκπώματα χαριζομένου τε ὅσα βούλεται, ἔλαβε μὲν οὐδέν, εὐλαβούμενος δὲ μὴ ἑτέροις τισὶ τῶν ἀστῶν διαδῷ, πορευθεὶς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐφόρους ἄμεινον ἔφη εἶναι τῇ Σπάρτῃ τὸν ξένον ἑαυτοῦ Σάμιον ἀπαλλάττεσθαι τῆς Πελοποννήσου, ἵνα μὴ πείσῃ τινὰ τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν κακὸν γενέσθαι οἱ δὲ ὑπακούσαντες ἐξεκήρυξαν τὸν Μαίανδρον αὐτῆς ἡμέρας.
45.17. When someone said, “Why have you not killed off the people of Argos who wage war against you so often?” he said, “Oh, we would not kill them off, for we want to have some trainers for our young men.”
45.17. εἰπόντος δέ τινος διὰ τί πολεμοῦντας ὑμῖν Ἀργείους πολλάκις κρατήσαντες οὐκ ἀνῃρήκατε; οὐδʼ ἂν ἀνέλοιμεν ἔφη ὡς ἂν γυμναστὰς τοῖς νέοισιν ἔχοιμεν.
45.18. When somebody inquired of him why Spartans do not dedicate to the gods the spoils from their enemies, he said, “Because they are taken from cowards.”
45.18. πυνθανομένου δέ τινος αὐτοῦ διὰ τί Σπαρτιᾶται τοῖς θεοῖς οὐκ ἀνατιθέασι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων σκῦλα, ὅτι ἔφη ἀπὸ δειλῶν ἐστι.
46.1. Cleomenes, the son of Cleombrotus, when someone offered him fighting cocks and said that they would die fighting for victory, said, “Well then, give me some of those that kill them, for those are better than these.”
46.1. Κλεομένης ὁ Κλεομβρότου, διδόντος αὐτῷ τινος μαχίμους ἀλεκτρυόνας καὶ λέγοντος ὅτι μαχόμενοι ἀποθνῄσκουσι περὶ νίκης, τῶν κατακτεινόντων τοίνυν αὐτούς ἔφη τινὰς δός μοι, ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ τούτων ἀμείνους.
47.1. Labotas, when someone spoke at very great length, said, “Why, pray, such a big introduction to a small subject? For proportionate to the topic should be the words you use.”
47.1. Λάβωτος, μακρολογοῦντός τινος, εἶπε τί μοι μικρῶν πέρι μεγάλα φροιμιάζῃ; ὅσον γὰρ εἴη πρᾶγμα, τοσοῦτον καὶ ὁ λόγος ᾧ χρῆσαι.
48.1. Leotychidas the First, when somebody remarked to him that he was very changeable, said, “Yes, because of varying occasion; not like all you because of your baseness.”
48.1. Λεωτυχίδας ὁ πρῶτος, λέγοντός τινος ὡς ἔστιν εὐμετάβολος, διὰ τοὺς καιρούς ἔφη οὐχ ὡς ὑμεῖς διὰ τὴν αὑτῶν κακίαν.
48.2. In answer to the man who asked how any man could best preserve his present state of good fortune, he said, “By not trusting everything to chance.” Being asked what freeborn boys had best learn, he said, “Those things which may help them when they become men.”
48.2. πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἐρωτῶντα πῶς ἄν τις μάλιστα διαφυλάσσοι τὰ παρόντα τῶν ἀγαθῶν, εἶπεν εἰ μὴ πάντα τῇ τύχῃ πιστεύοι ἐρωτηθεὶς δὲ τί δεῖ μάλιστα μανθάνειν τοὺς ἐλευθέρους παῖδας, ταῦτʼ ἔφη ὅσαπερ ἂν αὐτοὺς ὠφελήσειαν ἄνδρας γενομένους.
48.4. When someone inquired for what reason the Spartans drank so little, he said, “So that others may not deliberate over us, but we over others.”
48.4. πυνθανομένου δέ τινος διὰ τίνα αἰτίαν ὀλιγοποτοῦσιν οἱ Σπαρτιᾶται, ἔφη ἵνα μὴ ἄλλοι ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν βουλεύωνται, ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς ὑπὲρ ἄλλων.
49.1. Leotychidas, the son of Ariston, in answer to a man who said that the sons of Demaratus were speaking ill of him, remarked, “Egad, I don’t wonder; for not one of them could ever speak a good word.”
49.1. Λεωτυχίδας ὁ Ἀρίστωνος πρὸς τὸν εἰπόντα ὅτι κακῶς αὐτὸν οἱ τοῦ Δημαράτου λέγουσι μὰ τοὺς θεούς ἔφη οὐ θαυμάζω, καλῶς γὰρ λέγειν οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτῶν δυνηθείη.
49.2. When at the adjacent gate a snake had coiled around the key, and the soothsayers declared this to be a prodigy, he said, “It doesn’t seem so to me, but if the key had coiled around the snake, that would be a prodigy!”
49.2. τῇ δʼ ἐγγυτέρω πύλῃ δράκοντος περὶ τὴν κλεῖν ἑλιχθέντος καὶ τῶν μάντεων τέρας ἀποφαινομένων εἶναι, οὔτι ἔμοιγʼ ἔφη δοκεῖ, ἀλλʼ εἰ ἡ κλεὶς τῷ δράκοντι περιειλίχθη, τέρας ἂν ἦν.
49.3. This is his retort to Philip, the priest of the Orphic mysteries, who was in the direst straits of poverty, but used to assert that those who were initiated under his rites were happy after the conclusion of this life; to him Leotychidas said, “You idiot! Why then don’t you die as speedily as possible so that you may with that cease from bewailing your unhappiness and poverty?”
49.3. πρὸς Φίλιππον τὸν ὀρφεοτελεστὴν παντελῶς πτωχὸν ὄντα, λέγοντα δʼ ὅτι οἱ παρʼ αὐτῷ μυηθέντες μετὰ τὴν τοῦ βίου τελευτὴν εὐδαιμονοῦσι, τί οὖν, ὦ ἀνόητε εἶπεν οὐ τὴν ταχίστην ἀποθνήσκεις, ἵνʼ ἅμα παύσῃ κακοδαιμονίαν καὶ πενίαν κλαίων;
49.4. When someone inquired why they did not dedicate to the gods the arms taken from the enemy, he said that property wrested from its owners owing to cowardice it is not good either for the young men to see, or to dedicate to the gods.
49.4. πυθομένου δέ τινος διὰ τί τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ὅπλα τοῖς θεοῖς οὐκ ἀνατιθέασιν, ἔφη ὅτι τὰ διὰ τὴν δειλίαν τῶν κεκτημένων θηραθέντα οὔτε τοὺς νέους ὁρᾶν καλὸν οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἀνατιθέναι.
50.1. When Leo, the son of Eurycratidas, was asked what kind of a city one could live in so as to live most safely, he said, “Where the inhabitants shall possess neither too much nor too little, and where right shall be strong and wrong shall be weak.”
50.1. Λέων ὁ Εὐρυκρατίδα ἐρωτηθείς, ποίαν τις ἂν πόλιν οἰκήσας ἀσφαλῶς οἰκοίη, ὅπου ἔφη μήτε πλείω μήτε ἐλάσσονα κεκτήσονται οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες· καὶ ὅπου τὸ μὲν δίκαιον ἰσχύσει, τὸ δὲ ἄδικον ἀσθενὲς ἔσται.
50.2. Seeing that the runners at Olympia were eager to gain some advantage in starting, he said, “How much more eager are the runners for a quick start than for fair play!” When someone, at an inappropriate time, discoursed about some matters which were not unprofitable, he said, “My friend, in needless time you dwell upon the need!”
50.2. ὁρῶν δὲ τοὺς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ δρομεῖς σπουδάζοντας περὶ τὴν ἄφεσιν ἵνα πλεονεκτήσωσιν, ὅσῳ μᾶλλον ἔφη οἱ δρομεῖς σπουδάζουσι περὶ τῆς ταχυτῆτος ἢ περὶ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἀκαίρως δέ τινος περὶ πραγμάτων οὐκ ἀχρήστων διαλεχθέντος, ὦ ξένε εἶπεν οὐκ ἐν δέοντι χρῇ τῷ δέοντι.
51.1. Leonidas, the son of Anaxandridas and the brother of Cleomenes, in answer to a man who remarked, “Except for your being king, you are no different from the rest of us,” said, “But if I were no better than you others, I should not be king.”
51.1. Λεωνίδας ὁ Ἀναξανδρίδα, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Κλεομένους, πρός τινα εἰπόντα πλὴν τοῦ βασιλεύειν ἡμῶν οὐδὲν διαφέρεις, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἄν ἔφη εἰ μὴ βελτίων ὑμῶν ἤμην, ἐβασίλευον.
51.2. His wife Gorgo inquired, at the time when he was setting forth to Thermopylae to fight the Persian, if he had any instructions to give her, and he said, “To marry good men and bear good children.”
51.2. τῆς δὲ γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Γοργοῦς πυνθανομένης, ὅτε εἰς Θερμοπύλας ἐξῄει τῷ Πέρσῃ μαχούμενος, εἴ τι αὐτῇ ἐντέλλεται, ἔφη ἀγαθοῖς γαμεῖσθαι καὶ ἀγαθά τίκτειν.
51.3. When the Ephors said that he was taking but few men to Thermopylae, he said, “Too many for the enterprise on which we are going.”
51.3. λεγόντων δὲ τῶν ἐφόρων ὀλίγους ἄγειν αὐτὸν εἰς Θερμοπύλας, οὐκ ἄλλας ἔφη πρὸς ἣν βαδίζομεν πρᾶξιν.
51.4. And when again they said, “Hae ye decided to dae aught else save to keep the barbarians from gettin’ by?” “Nominally that,” he said, “but actually expecting to die for the Greeks.”
51.4. πάλιν δὲ αὐτῶν εἰπόντων μή τι ἕτερον διέγνωκας ποιεῖν ἢ τὰς παρόδους τῶν βαρβάρων κωλύειν; τῷ λόγῳ ἔφη τῷ δʼ ἔργῳ ἀποθανούμενος ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων.
51.5. When he had arrived at Thermopylae, he said to his comrades in arms, “They say that the barbarian has come near and is comin’ on while we are wastin’ time. Truth, soon we shall either kill the barbarians, or else we are bound to be killed oursel’s.”
51.5. γενόμενος δὲ ἐν Θερμοπύλαις πρὸς τοὺς συστρατιώτας εἶπε λέγοντι τὸν βάρβαρον ἐγγύθι γενόμενον … ἄμμε δὲ χρονοτριβέειν ἤδη γὰρ κτάμεν τὼς βαρβάρως ἢ αὐτοὶ τεθνάμεν θέλομες.
51.6. When someone said, “Because of the arrows of the barbarians it is impossible to see the sun,” he said, “Won’t it be nice, then, if we shall have shade in which to fight them?”
51.6. λέγοντος δέ τινος ἀπὸ τῶν ὀιστευμάτων τῶν βαρβάρων οὐδὲ τὸν ἥλιον ἰδεῖν ἔστιν, οὐκοῦν ἔφη χάριεν, εἰ ὑπὸ σκιὰν αὐτοῖς μαχεσόμεθα.
51.7. When someone else said, “They are near to us,” he said, “Then we also are near to them.”
51.7. ἄλλου δὲ εἰπόντος πάρεισιν ἐγγὺς ἡμῶν, οὐκοῦν ἔφη καὶ ἡμεῖς αὐτῶν ἐγγύς.
51.8. When someone said, “Leonidas, are you here to take such a hazardous risk with so few men against so many?” he said, “If you men think that I rely on numbers, then all Greece is not sufficient, for it is but a small fraction of their numbers; but if on men’s valour, then this number will do.”
51.8. εἰπόντος δέ τινος ὦ Λεωνίδα, πρὸς πολλοὺς μετʼ ὀλίγων διακινδυνεύσων οὕτω πάρει; εἰ μὲν οἴεσθέ με ἔφη τῷ πλήθει, οὐδὲ ἡ πᾶσα Ἑλλὰς ἀρκεῖ· βραχεῖα γὰρ μοῖρα τοῦ ἐκείνων πλήθους ἐστίν· εἰ δὲ ταῖς ἀρεταῖς, καὶ οὗτος ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἱκανός.
51.9. When another man remarked the same thing he said, “In truth I am taking many if they are all to be slain.”
51.9. ἄλλου δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ λέγοντος, καὶ μήν εἶπεν πολλοὺς ἐπάγομαι ὡς ἀποθανουμένους.
51.10. Xerxes wrote to him, “It is possible for you, by not fighting against God but by ranging yourself on my side, to be the sole ruler of Greece.” But he wrote in reply, “If you had any knowledge of the noble things of life, you would refrain from coveting others’ possessions; but for me to die for Greece is better than to be the sole ruler over the people of my race.”
51.10. Ξέρξου δὲ γράψαντος αὐτῷ ἔξεστί σοι μὴ θεομαχοῦντι, μετʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ τασσομένῳ τῆς Ἑλλάδος μοναρχεῖν· ἀντέγραψεν εἰ τὰ καλὰ τοῦ βίου γινώσκοις, ἀπέστης ἂν τῆς τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐπιθυμίας· ἐμοὶ δὲ κρείσσων ὁ ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος θάνατος τοῦ μοναρχεῖν τῶν ὁμοφύλων.
51.11. When Xerxes wrote again, “Hand over your arms,” he wrote in reply, “Come and take them.”
51.11. πάλιν δὲ τοῦ Ξέρξου γράψαντος πέμψον τὰ ὅπλα, ἀντέγραψε μολὼν λαβέ.
51.12. He wished to engage the enemy at once, but the other commanders, in answer to his proposal, said that he must wait for the rest of the allies. “Why,” said he, “are not all present who intend to fight? Or do you not realize that the only men who fight against the enemy are those who respect and revere their kings?” He bade his soldiers eat their breakfast as if they were to eat their dinner in the other world.
51.12. βουλομένου δʼ αὐτοῦ ἤδη τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐπιτίθεσθαι, οἱ πολέμαρχοι πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔφασαν ὅτι δεῖ προσμένειν αὐτὸν τοὺς ἄλλους συμμάχους, οὐ γάρ ἔφη πάρεισιν οἱ μάχεσθαι μέλλοντες; ἢ οὐκ ἴστε, ὅτι μόνοι πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους μάχονται οἱ τοὺς βασιλέας αἰδούμενοι καὶ φοβούμενοι τοῖς δὲ στρατιώταις παρήγγειλεν ἀριστοποιεῖσθαι ὡς ἐν ᾍδου δειπνοποιησομένους.
51.14. Being asked why the best of men prefer a glorious death to an inglorious life, he said, “Because they believe the one to be Nature’s gift but the other to be within their own control.”
51.14. ἐρωτηθεὶς δὲ διὰ τί οἱ ἄριστοι τὸν ἔνδοξον θάνατον τῆς ἀδόξου προκρίνουσι ζωῆς, ὅτι ἔφη τὸ μὲν τῆς φύσεως ἴδιον, τὸ δὲ αὑτῶν εἶναι νομίζουσιν.
51.15. Wishing to save the lives of the young men, and knowing full well that they would not submit to such treatment, he gave to each of them a secret dispatch, and sent them to the Ephors. He conceived the desire to save also three of the grown men, but they fathomed his design, and would not submit to accepting the dispatches. One of them said, “I carne with the army, not to carry messages, but to fight;” and the second, “I should be a better man if I stayed here”; and the third, “I will not be behind these, but first in the fight.”
51.15. τοὺς δὲ ἠιθέους βουλόμενος σῷσαι καὶ ἐπιστάμενος ἄντικρυς οὐκ ἀνεξομένους, σκυτάλας δοὺς καθʼ ἕνα αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἐφόρους ἔπεμψε. καὶ τῶν τελείων δὲ τρεῖς ἐβουλήθη διασῷσαι· οἱ δὲ συννοήσαντες οὐκ ἠνέσχοντο λαβεῖν τὰς σκυτάλας ὧν ὁ μὲν εἶπεν οὐ κῆρυξ ἀλλὰ μαχητὰς ἀκολούθησα· ὁ δὲ δεύτερος αὐτοῦ μένων κρέσσων ἂν εἴην ὁ δὲ τρίτος οὐχ ὕστερος τούτων, πρῶτος δὲ μαχήσομαι.
52.1. Lochagus, the father of Polyaenides and Seiron, when word was brought to him that one of his sons was dead, said, “I have known this long while that he was fated to die.”
52.1. Λόχαγος ὁ Πολυαινίδου καὶ Σείρωνος πατήρ, ἀπαγγείλαντός τινος αὐτῷ ὅτι τῶν υἱῶν τεθνήκοι ὁ ἕτερος, πάλαι ᾔδειν ἔφη ὅτι ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὸν ἔδει.
53.1. Lycurgus, the lawgiver, wishing to recall the citizens from the mode of living then existent, and to lead them to a more sober and temperate order of life, and to render them good and honourable men (for they were living a soft life), reared two puppies of the same litter; and one he accustomed to dainty food, and allowed it to stay in the house; the other he took afield and trained in hunting. Later he brought them into the public assembly and put down some bones and dainty food and let loose a hare. Each of the dogs made for that to which it was accustomed, and, when the one of them had overpowered the hare, he said, “You see, fellow-citizens, that these dogs belong to the same stock, but by virtue of the discipline to which they have been subjected they have turned out utterly different from each other, and you also see that training is more effective than Nature for good.” But some say that he did not bring in dogs which were of the same stock, but that one was of the breed of house dogs and the other of hunting dogs; then he trained the one of inferior stock for hunting, and the one of better stock he accustomed to dainty food. And afterwards, as each made for that to which it had become accustomed, he made it clear how much instruction contributes for better or worse, saying, “So also in our case, fellow-citizens, noble birth, so admired of the multitude, and our being descended from Heracles does not bestow any advantage, unless we do the sort of things for which he was manifestly the most glorious and most noble of all mankind, and unless we practise and learn what is good our whole life long.”
53.1. Λυκοῦργος ὁ νομοθέτης βουλόμενος ἐκ τῆς προϋπαρχούσης διαίτης τοὺς πολίτας εἰς σωφρονεστέραν βίου τάξιν μετάγειν καὶ καλοκαγαθικοὺς ἀπεργάζεσθαι ἁβροδίαιτοι γὰρ ἦσαν δύο σκύλακας ἀνέθρεψε ταὐτοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς γενομένους· καὶ τὸν μὲν εἴθισε περὶ λιχνείας οἴκοι ἐάσας· τὸν δὲ ἐπαγόμενος ἤσκησε περὶ κυνηγέσια. ἔπειτα ἀγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἔθηκεν ἀκάνθας καὶ λιχνείας τινάς, ἀφῆκε δὲ καὶ λαγών· ἑκατέρου δʼ ἐπὶ τὰ συνήθη ὁρμήσαντος καὶ θατέρου τὸν λαγὼν χειρωσαμένου, εἶπεν ὁρᾶτε, ὦ πολῖται, ὅτι ταὐτοῦ γένους ὑπάρχοντες ἐν τῇ τοῦ βίου ἀγωγῇ παρὰ πολὺ ἀλλήλων διάφοροι ἀπέβησαν, καὶ ποιητικωτέρα τῆς φύσεως ἡ ἄσκησις πρὸς τὰ καλὰ τυγχάνει; τινὲς δέ φασιν, ὡς οὐ παρῆγε σκύλακας, οἳ ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν γεγονότες ἐτύγχανον, ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ἐξ οἰκουρῶν, ἕτερος δʼ ἐκ κυνηγετικῶν κἄπειτα τὸν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ χείρονος γένους πρὸς τὰ κυνηγέσια ἤσκησε, τὸν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀμείνονος περὶ λιχνείας μόνον εἴθισεν· εἶθʼ ἑκατέρου ἐφʼ ἃ εἴθιστο ὁρμήσαντος, φανερὸν ποιήσας ὅσον ἡ ἀγωγὴ πρὸς τὰ ἀμείνω καὶ χείρω συλλαμβάνεται, εἶπεν οὐκοῦν καὶ ἡμᾶς, ὦ πολῖται, οὐδὲν παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς θαυμαζομένη εὐγένεια καὶ τὸ ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους εἶναι ὀνίνησιν, εἰ μὴ πράττομεν διʼ ἃ ἐκεῖνος ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπιδοξότερος καὶ εὐγενέστερος ἐφάνη, ἀσκούμενοι καὶ μανθάνοντες καλὰ διʼ ὅλου τοῦ βίου.
53.2. He made a redistribution of the land, and assigned an equal share to all the citizens; and it is said that a while later, on returning from abroad, as he passed through the country, where the harvesting had just been finished, and saw the cocks of grain standing near together in even lines, he was much pleased, and said with a smile to those who were with him that it looked as if all the Spartan land belonged to many brothers who had recently divided it.
53.2. ἀναδασμὸν δὲ τῆς γῆς ποιήσας καὶ ἅπασιν ἴσον κλῆρον τοῖς πολίταις νείμας, λέγεται ὕστερόν ποτε χρόνῳ τὴν χώραν διερχόμενος ἐξ ἀποδημίας ἄρτι τεθερισμένην, ἰδὼν τοὺς σωροὺς κειμένους παρʼ ἀλλήλους καὶ ὁμαλοὺς ἡσθῆναι, καὶ μειδιάσαντα εἰπεῖν πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας ὡς ἡ Λακωνικὴ φαίνεται πᾶσα πολλῶν ἀδελφῶν εἶναι νεωστὶ νενεμημένων.
53.3. Having introduced the abolition of debts, he next undertook to divide equally all household furnishings, so as to do away completely with all inequality and disparity. But when he saw that the people were likely to demur about assenting to this outright spoliation, he decreed that gold and silver coin should in future have no value, and ordained that the people should use iron money only. He also limited the time within which it was lawful to exchange their present holdings for this money. When this had been done, all wrongdoing was banished from Sparta. For nobody was able to steal or to accept a bribe or to defraud or rob any more, when the result was something of which concealment was not possible, nor was its acquisition envied, nor its use without risk, nor its exportation or importation safe. As an added measure, he brought about the banishment from Sparta of everything not absolutely necessary. And, by reason of this, no merchant, no public lecturer, no soothsayer or mendicant priest, no maker of fancy articles ever made his way into Sparta. The reason was that he permitted no handy coinage to circulate among them, but instituted the iron coinage exclusively, which in weight was over a pound and a quarter, and in value not quite a penny.
53.3. καὶ τῶν χρεῶν δὲ ἀποκοπὰς εἰσηγησάμενος ἐπεχείρησε καὶ τὰ κατʼ οἶκον ὄντα πάντα ἐξ ἴσου διαιρεῖν, ὅπως παντάπασιν ἐξέλοι τὸ ἄνισον καὶ ἀνώμαλον. ἐπεὶ δὲ χαλεπῶς ἑώρα προσδεξομένους τὴν ἄντικρυς ἀφαίρεσιν, τὸ τὸ χρυσοῦν καὶ ἀργυροῦν νόμισμα ἠκύρωσε, μόνῳ δὲ τῷ σιδηρῷ προσέταξε χρῆσθαι· καὶ μέχρις οὗ δεῖ ἔχειν τὴν ὅλην ὕπαρξιν πρὸς ἀμοιβὴν τούτου, περιώρισε. τούτου δὲ γενομένου, ἐξέπεσε τῆς Λακεδαίμονος ἀδικία πᾶσα οὔτε γὰρ κλέπτειν οὔτε δωροδοκεῖν οὔτε ἀποστερεῖν ἢ ἁρπάζειν ἔτι ἐδύνατό τις, ὃ μήτε κατακρύψαι δυνατὸν ἦν μήτε κτήσασθαι ζηλωτὸν μήτε χρήσασθαι ἀκίνδυνον, μήτε ἐξάγειν ἢ ἐπάγειν ἀσφαλές. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καὶ ἁπάντων τῶν περισσῶν ξενηλασίαν ἐποιήσατο· διὸ οὔτε ἔμπορος οὔτε σοφιστὴς οὔτε μάντις ἢ ἀγύρτης οὔτε τῶν κατασκευασμάτων δημιουργὸς εἰσῄει εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην. οὐδὲ γὰρ νόμισμα παρʼ αὐτοῖς εὔχρηστον εἴασε, μόνον δὲ τὸ σιδηροῦν εἰσηγήσατο, ὅ ἐστι. μνᾶ ὁλκῇ Αἰγιναία, δυνάμει δὲ χαλκοῖ τέσσαρες ἐπιθέσθαι δὲ τῇ τρυφῇ καὶ τὸν ζῆλον ἀφελέσθαι τοῦ πλούτου διανοηθεὶς τὰ συσσίτια εἰσηγήσατο.
53.4. Having determined to make an attack upon the prevailing luxury, and to do away with the rivalry for riches, he instituted the common meals. And in answer to those who sought to know why he had established these, and had divided the citizens, when under arms, into small companies, he said, “So that they may get their orders promptly, and, in case they cherish any radical designs, the offence may be confined to a small number; also that there may be for all an equal portion of food and drink, and so that not only in drink or food, but in bedding or furniture or anything else whatsoever, the rich man may have no advantage at all over the poor man.”
53.4. πρὸς γοῦν τοὺς ἐπιζητοῦντας, διά τί ταῦτα συνεστήσατο καὶ μεθʼ ὅπλων κατʼ ὀλίγους τοὺς πολίτας διῄρηκεν, ὅπως εἶπεν ἐξ ἑτοίμου τὰ παραγγελλόμενα δέχωνται, καὶ ἐάν τι νεωτερίζωσιν, ἐν ὀλίγοις ᾖ τὸ ἀμπλάκημα, ἰσομοιρία τε τῆς τροφῆς καὶ πόσεως ᾖ, καὶ μήτε πόσει τινὶ ἢ βρώσει ἀλλὰ μηδὲ στρωμνῇ ἢ σκεύεσιν ἢ ἄλλῳ τινὶ τὸ σύνολον πλέον ἔχῃ ὁ πλούσιος τοῦ πένητος.
53.5. Having made wealth unenviable, since nobody could make any use or show of it, he said to his intimate friends, “What a good thing it is, my friends, to show in actual practice the true characteristic of wealth, that it is blind!”
53.5. ἄζηλον δὲ ποιήσας τὸν πλοῦτον, οὐδενὸς οὐδὲ χρῆσθαι οὐδὲ ἐπιδεῖξαι δυναμένου, ἔλεγε πρὸς τοὺς συνήθεις ὡς καλόν ἐστιν, ὦ ἑταῖροι, διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸν πλοῦτον ὁποῖός ἐστι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ὅτι τυφλός.
53.6. He took good care that none should be allowed to dine at home and then come to the common meal stuffed with other kinds of food and drink. The rest of the company used to berate the man who did not drink or eat with them, because they felt that he was lacking in self-control, and was too soft for the common way of living. war, wished to dine at home with his wife on this one day, and sent for his allowance of food; but the military commanders would not send it; and the following day, when the matter was disclosed to the Ephors, he was fined by them.
53.6. παρεφύλαξε δὲ ὥστε μηδὲ οἴκοι προδειπνήσαντας ἐξεῖναι βαδίζειν ἐπὶ τὰ συσσίτια, πεπληρωμένους ἑτέρων ἐδεσμάτων ἢ πωμάτων· ἐκάκιζον δὲ οἱ λοιποὶ τὸν μὴ πιόντα ἢ φαγόντα μετʼ αὐτῶν, ὡς ἀκρατῆ καὶ πρὸς τὴν κοινὴν ἀπομαλακιζόμενον δίαιταν ἐζημιοῦτο δὲ καὶ ὁ φανερὸς γενόμενος. Ἄγιδος γοῦν μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπανελθόντος ἀπὸ στρατείας καταπεπολεμήκει δὲ Ἀθηναίους, βουλομένου παρὰ τῇ γυναικὶ μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ δειπνῆσαι καὶ μεταπεμπομένου τὰς μερίδας, οὐκ ἔπεμψαν οἱ πολέμαρχοι· μεθʼ ἡμέραν δὲ φανεροῦ γενομένου τοῖς ἐφόροις, ἐζημιώθη ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
53.7. The well-to-do citizens resented legislation of this type, and, banding together, they denounced him and pelted him, wishing to stone him to death. As he was being pursued, he rushed through the market-place; and he out-distanced almost all his pursuers, and gained refuge in the shrine of Athena of the Brazen House; only, as he turned around, Alcander, who was pursuing him, put out one of his eyes by a stroke of his staff. But when, later, Lycurgus received Alcander, who was handed over to him for punishment by vote of the people, he did not treat him ill nor blame him, but, by compelling him to live under the same roof with him, he brought it to pass that Alcander had only commendation for Lycurgus and for the manner of living which he had found there, and was altogether enamoured of this discipline. Lycurgus dedicated a memorial of his unhappy experience in the shrine of Athena of the Brazen House, and gave to her the added epithet of Optilletis; for the Dorians in this part of the world call the eyes “optics (optilloi).”
53.7. πρὸς οὖν τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν νομοθετημάτων χαλεπήναντες οἱ εὔποροι ἐπισυνέστησαν καὶ ἐβλασφήμουν αὐτὸν καὶ ἔβαλλον, καταλεῦσαι βουλόμενοι· διωκόμενος δὲ διέπεσε διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἔφθασεν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς χαλκιοίκου Ἀθηνᾶς καταφυγών Ἄλκανδρος δὲ ἐπιστραφέντος αὐτοῦ διώκων τῇ βακτηρίᾳ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν ἐξέκοψεν αὐτοῦ. τοῦτον δὲ κοινῷ δόγματι παραλαβὼν ἐπὶ τιμωρίᾳ οὔτε κακῶς διέθηκεν οὔτε ἐμέμψατο, συνδιαιτώμενον δὲ ἔχων ἀπέδειξεν ἐπαινέτην αὑτοῦ τε καὶ τῆς διαίτης ἣν εἶχε σὺν αὐτῷ, καὶ καθόλου τῆς ἀγωγῆς ἐραστήν. τοῦ δὲ πάθους ὑπόμνημα ἱδρύσατο ἐν τῷ τῆς Χαλκιοίκου τεμένει ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς, Ὀπτιλλέτιν προσαγορεύσας· τοὺς γὰρ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὀπτίλλους οἱ τῇδε Δωριεῖς λέγουσιν.
53.8. Being asked why he had not made any use of written laws, he said, “Because those who are trained and disciplined in the proper discipline can determine what will best serve the occasion.”
53.8. ἐρωτηθεὶς δὲ διὰ τί οὐκ ἐχρήσατο νόμοις ἐγγράφοις, ὅτι ἔφη οἱ πεπαιδευμένοι καὶ ἀχθέντες τῇ προσηκούσῃ ἀγωγῇ τὸ τοῦ καιροῦ χρήσιμον δοκιμάζουσι.
53.9. At another time when some sought to know why he had ordained that the people should use only an axe in putting a roof on their houses, and make a door with a saw only and none of the other tools, he said, “So that the citizens may be moderate in regard to all the things which they bring into the house, and may possess none of the things which are the cause of rivalry among other peoples.”
53.9. πάλιν δʼ ἐπιζητούντων τινῶν, διὰ τί ὀροφὴν ἀπὸ πελέκεως ταῖς οἰκίαις ἐπιτιθέναι προσέταξε, θύραν δὲ ἀπὸ πρίονος μόνου καὶ μηδενὸς τῶν ἄλλων ἐργαλείων, ὅπως ἄν ἔφη μετριάζοιεν οἱ πολῖται περὶ πάντα, ὅσα εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἰσάγουσι, καὶ μηδὲν τῶν παρʼ ἄλλοις ζηλουμένων ἔχωσιν.
53.10. It was because of this custom also that their first king Leotychidas, dining at somebody’s house and observing the construction of the ceiling, which was expensive and embellished with panels, asked his host if timbers grew square in their country!
53.10. ἐκ δὲ ταύτης τῆς συνηθείας φασὶ καὶ Λεωτυχίδην τὸν πρῶτον βασιλέα δειπνοῦντα παρά τινι καὶ θεασάμενον τῆς στέγης τοῦ οἴκου τὴν παρασκευὴν πολυτελῆ καὶ φατνωματικήν, ἐρωτῆσαι τὸν ξένον εἰ τετράγωνα παρʼ αὐτοῖς ξύλα φύεται.
53.11. Being asked why he had prohibited frequent campaigns against the same foes, he said, “So that they may not, by becoming accustomed to defending themselves frequently, become skilled in war.” It was for this reason also that there appeared to be no slight ground for complaint against Agesilaus, who by his almost continual inroads and campaigns into Boeotia had rendered the Thebans a match for the Spartans. At any rate Antalcidas, when he saw him wounded, exclaimed, “You have got a handsome reward as you deserve for your fostering care in teaching them to fight when they did not wish to fight and did not even know how.”
53.11. ἐρωτηθεὶς δὲ διὰ τί ἐκώλυσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς πολεμίους πολλάκις στρατεύεσθαι, ἔφη ἵνα μὴ πολλάκις ἀμύνεσθαι συνεθιζόμενοι ἔμπειροι πολέμου γένωνται διὸ καὶ Ἀγησιλάῳ ἔγκλημα οὐ βραχὺ ἔδοξεν εἶναι, ταῖς εἰς τὴν Βοιωτίαν συνεχέσιν εἰσβολαῖς καὶ στρατείαις τοὺς Θηβαίους ἀντιπάλους Λακεδαιμονίοις κατασκευάσαντος. τετρωμένον γοῦν ἰδὼν αὐτὸν Ἀνταλκίδας καλά εἶπε τροφεῖα ἀπέχεις, μὴ βουλομένους αὐτοὺς μηδὲ εἰδότας μάχεσθαι διδάξας.
53.12. When someone else desired to know why he instituted strenuous exercise for the bodies of the maidens in races and wrestling and throwing the discus and javelin, he said, “So that the implanted stock of their offspring, by getting a strong start in strong bodies, may attain a noble growth, and that they themselves may with vigour abide the birth of their children and readily and nobly resist the pains of travail; and moreover, if the need arise, that they may be able to fight for themselves, their children, and their country.”
53.12. ἄλλου δὲ ἐπιζητοῦντος, διὰ τί τὰ σώματα τῶν παρθένων δρόμοις καὶ πάλαις καὶ βολαῖς δίσκων καὶ ἀκοντίων διεπόνησεν, ἵνʼ ἔφη ἡ τῶν γεννωμένων ῥίζωσις ἰσχυρὰν ἐν ἰσχυροῖς σώμασιν ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα καλῶς βλαστάνῃ· αὐταί τε μετὰ ῥώμης τοὺς τόκους ὑπομένουσαι ῥᾳδίως τε ἅμα καὶ καλῶς ἀγωνίζωνται πρὸς τὰς ὠδῖνας· καὶ εἴ τις ἀνάγκη γένοιτο, δύνωνται ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν καί τέκνων καὶ τῆς πατρίδος μάχεσθαι.
53.13. When some persons expressed disapproval of the nudity of the maidens in the processions, and sought to know the reason for it, he said, “So that they, by following the same practices as the men, may not be inferior to them either in bodily strength and health or in mental aspirations and qualities, and that they may despise the opinion of the crowd.” Wherefore is recorded also in regard to Gorgo, the wife of Leonidas, a saying to this effect: when some woman, a foreigner presumably, remarked to her, “You Spartan women are the only women that lord it over your’men,” she replied, “Yes, for we are the only women that are mothers of men!”
53.13. μεμφομένων δέ τινων τὴν γύμνωσιν τῶν παρθένων ἐν ταῖς πομπαῖς καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ζητούντων, ἵνʼ ἔφη τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐπιτηδεύουσαι μηδὲν μεῖον ἔχωσι μήτε κατὰ σώματος ἰσχὺν καὶ ὑγίειαν μήτε κατὰ ψυχῆς φιλοτιμίαν καὶ ἀρετήν· δόξης δὲ τῆς παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς ὑπερφρονῶσιν. ὅθεν καὶ περὶ Γοργοῦς ἱστορεῖται τῆς Λεωνίδου γυναικὸς τοιοῦτον· εἰπούσης γάρ τινος, ὡς ἔοικε, ξένης πρὸς αὐτὴν ὡς μόναι τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄρχετε ὑμεῖς αἱ Λάκαιναι ἀπεκρίνατο μόναι γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἄνδρας τίκτομεν.
53.14. By excluding the unmarried from looking on at the festival of the naked youth, and by laying upon them other additional disgrace, he created much concern about having children. He also deprived them of the honour and attention which the young bestowed on their elders. And nobody said a word against the remark which was made to Dercylidas, although he was a general and in high repute; for one of the younger men, as Dercylidas approached, did not rise to offer his seat, saying, “No, for you are not the father of any son who will rise and offer his seat to me.”
53.14. εἴρξας δὲ τοὺς ἀγάμους τῆς ἐν ταῖς γυμνοπαιδίαις θέας καὶ ἀτιμίαν προσθείς, πολλὴν πρόνοιαν ἐποιήσατο τῆς παιδοποιίας· τιμῆς δὲ καὶ θεραπείας, ἣν νέοι πρεσβυτέροις παρεῖχον, ἐστέρησε. καὶ τὸ πρὸς Δερκυλλίδαν ῥηθὲν οὐδεὶς ἐμέμψατο, καίπερ εὐδόκιμον ὄντα στρατηγόν· ἐπιόντι γὰρ αὐτῷ τῶν νεωτέρων τις ἕδρας οὐχ ὑπεῖξεν εἰπών οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ σὺ τὸν ὑπείξοντα ἐγέννησας.
53.15. When someone inquired why he had made a law that girls should be given in marriage without any dowry, he said, “So that some of them shall not be left unwedded because of lack of means, and some shall not be eagerly sought because of abundant wealth, but that each man, with an eye to the ways of the maid, shall make virtue the basis of his choice.” For this reason he also banished from the State all artificial enhancement of beauty.
53.15. πυνθανομένου δέ τινος, διὰ τί τὰς κόρας ἐνομοθέτησεν ἀπροίκους ἐκδίδοσθαι, ὅπως ἔφη μήτε διʼ ἔνδειαν ἄγαμοί τινες ἐαθῶσι μήτε διὰ περιουσίαν σπουδάζωνται, ἕκαστος δὲ εἰς τὸν τρόπον τῆς παιδὸς ἀφορῶν ἀρετῇ τὴν αἵρεσιν ποιῆται. διὰ τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὸν καλλωπισμὸν τῆς πόλεως ἀπήλασεν.
53.16. He set limits to the time of marriage for both men and women, and, in answer to the man who inquired about this, he said, “So that the offspring may be sturdy by being sprung from mature parents.”
53.16. ὁρίσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν χρόνον τῶν τε γαμουμένων καὶ τῶν γαμούντων, πρὸς τὸν ζητοῦντα, ἵνʼ ἔφη τὰ γεννώμενα ἰσχυρὰ ᾖ ἐκ τελείων γεννώμενα.
53.17. In answer to a man who expressed surprise because he debarred the husband from spending the nights with his wife, but ordained that he should be with his comrades most of the day and pass the whole night in their company, and visit his bride secretly and with great circumspection, he said, “So that they may be strong of body and never become sated, and that they may be ever fresh in affection, and that the children which they bring into the world may be more sturdy.”
53.17. πρὸς δὲ τὸν θαυμάζοντα, διότι τὸν γεγαμηκότα ἀπεῖρξε μὴ συγκοιμᾶσθαι τῇ γεγαμημένῃ, προσέταξε δὲ τὸ πλεῖστον τῆς ἡμέρας συνεῖναι τοῖς ἡλικιώταις καὶ τὰς νύκτας ὅλας συναναπαύεσθαι, τῇ δὲ νύμφῃ κρύφα καὶ μετʼ εὐλαβείας συνεῖναι, ὅπως ἔφη καὶ τοῖς σώμασιν ἰσχυροὶ ὦσι διακορεῖς μὴ γινόμενοι, καὶ τῷ φιλεῖν ἀεὶ καινοὶ ὑπάρχωσι καὶ τὰ ἔκγονα ἐρρωμενέστερα παρέχωσι.
53.18. He banished perfume on the ground that it spoiled and ruined the olive oil, and also the dyer’s art on the ground that it was a flattery of the senses.
53.18. καὶ τὸ μὲν μύρον ἐξήλασεν ὡς τοῦ ἐλαίου φθορὰν καὶ ὄλεθρον, τὴν δὲ βαφικὴν ὡς κολακείαν αἰσθήσεως.
53.19. To all whose business was the enhancement of personal beauty he made Sparta forbidden ground, for the reason that they outraged the arts through the vileness of their art.
53.19. πᾶσι δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν τοῦ σώματος καλλωπισμὸν δημιουργοῖς ἀνεπίβατον ἐποίησε τὴν Σπάρτην, ὡς διὰ τῆς κακοτεχνίας τὰς τέχνας λυμαινομένοις.
53.20. So strict in those times was the virtue of the women, and so far removed from the laxity of morals which later affected them, that in the earlier days the idea of adultery among them was an incredible thing. There is still recalled a saying of a certain Geradatas, a Spartan of the very early times, who, on being asked by a foreigner what was done to adulterers in their country, since he saw that there had been no legislation by Lycurgus on that subject, said, “Sir, there is never an adulterer in our country.” But when the other retorted with, “Yes, but if there should be?” Geradatas said, “His penalty is to provide an enormous bull which by stretching his neck over Mount Taygetus can drink from the river Eurotas.” And when the other in amazement said, “But how could there ever be a bull of that size?” Geradatas laughed and said, “But how could there ever be an adulterer in Sparta, in which wealth and luxury and adventitious aids to beauty are held in disesteem, and respect and good order and obedience to authority are given the highest place?”
53.20. τοσαύτη δʼ ἦν κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους σωφροσύνη τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ τοσοῦτον ἀπεῖχε τῆς ὕστερον περὶ αὐτὰς εὐχερείας, ὡς πρότερον ἄπιστον εἶναι τὸ τῆς μοιχείας παρʼ αὐταῖς. καὶ λόγος ἀπομνημονεύεται Γεραδάτα τινὸς Σπαρτιάτου τῶν σφόδρα παλαιῶν, ὃς ἐρωτηθεὶς ὑπὸ ξένου, τί πάσχουσιν οἱ μοιχοὶ παρʼ αὐτοῖς, οὐδὲν γὰρ ὁρᾶν περὶ τούτου νενομοθετημένον ὑπὸ Λυκούργου· εἶπεν οὐδείς, ὦ ξένε, γίνεται μοιχὸς παρʼ ἡμῖν ἐκείνου δὲ ὑπολαβόντος ἂν οὖν γένηται, ταῦρον ἔφη ὁ Γεραδάτας ἐκτίνει μέγαν, ὃς ὑπερκύψας τὸ Ταΰγετον ἀπὸ τοῦ Εὐρώτα πίεται θαυμάσαντος δʼ ἐκείνου καὶ φήσαντος πῶς δὲ ἂν γένοιτο βοῦς τηλικοῦτος; γελάσας ὁ Γεραδάτας πῶς γὰρ ἄν ἔφη μοιχὸς ἐν Σπάρτῃ γένοιτο, ἐν ᾗ πλοῦτος μὲν καὶ τρυφὴ καὶ καλλωπισμὸς ἀτιμάζονται, αἰδὼς δὲ καὶ εὐκοσμία καὶ τῶν ἡγουμένων πειθὼ πρεσβεύονται;
53.21. In answer to the man who was insistent that he establish a democracy in the State Lycurgus said, “Do you first create a democracy in your own house.”
53.21. πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀξιοῦντα δημοκρατίαν ἐν τῇ πόλει καταστήσασθαι ὁ Λυκοῦργος εἶπε σὺ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου ποίησον δημοκρατίαν.
53.22. When someone inquired why he ordained such small and inexpensive sacrifices to the gods, he said, “So that we may honour the Divine powers without ceasing.”
53.22. πυνθανομένου δέ τινος διὰ τί μικρὰς οὕτω καὶ εὐτελεῖς ἔταξε τῶν θεῶν τὰς θυσίας, ὅπως ἔφη μηδέποτε τιμῶντες τὸ θεῖον διαλείπωμεν.
53.23. As he permitted the citizens to engage only in that kind of athletic contests in which the arm is not held up, somebody inquired what was the reason. He replied, “So that no one of the citizens shall get the habit of crying quits in the midst of a hard struggle.”
53.23. μόνα δὲ ταῦτα τῶν ἀθλημάτων ἐφέντος αὐτοῦ τοῖς πολίταις ἀγωνίζεσθαι, ὅπου ἡ χεὶρ οὐκ ἀνατείνεται, ἐπύθετό τις τὴν αἰτίαν· ὁ δὲ ὅπως εἶπε μηδεὶς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ πονεῖν ἀπαυδᾶν ἐθίζηται.
53.24. When someone asked why he ordered a frequent change of camping-place, he said, “So that we may inflict greater injury upon our enemies.”
53.24. ἐρωτῶντος δέ τινος, διὰ τί πυκνὰ μεταστρατοπεδεύειν κελεύει, ὅπως εἶπε πλείω τοὺς ἐχθροὺς βλάπτοιμεν.
53.25. When someone sought to know why he forbade assaults on walled places, he said, “So that valiant men may not suffer death at the hands of a woman or a child or some such person.”
53.25. ἄλλου δʼ ἐπιζητοῦντος διὰ τί πυργομαχεῖν ἀπεῖπε, ἵνα ἔφη μὴ ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἢ παιδὸς ἤ τινος παραπλησίου ἀνθρώπου οἱ ἀμείνονες ἀποθνῄσκωσιν.
53.26. When some of the Thebans advised with him in regard to the sacrifice and the lamentation which they perform in honour of Leucothea, he advised them that if they regarded her as a goddess they should not bewail her, but if they looked upon her as a woman they should not offer sacrifice to her as to a goddess.
53.26. τοῖς δὲ συμβουλευομένοις τῶν Θηβαίων περὶ τῆς ἱερουργίας καὶ τοῦ πένθους, ἣν ποιοῦνται τῇ Λευκοθέᾳ, συνεβούλευσεν εἰ μὲν θεὸν ἡγοῦνται, μὴ θρηνεῖν εἰ δὲ ἄνθρωπον, μὴ ἱερουργεῖν ὡς θεῷ.
53.27. In answer to some of the citizens who desired to know, “How can we keep off any invasion by enemies,” he said, “If you remain poor, and no one of you desires to be more important than another.”
53.27. πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἐπιζητοῦντας τῶν πολιτῶν πῶς ἂν πολεμίων ἔφοδον ἀλεξοίμεθα ἐὰν πτωχοί ἔφη ἦτε καὶ μὴ μείζων ἅτερος θατέρου ἐρέῃ εἶναι.
53.28. And at another time, when they raised a question about fortifications, he said that a city is not unfortified whose crowning glory is men and not bricks and stones.
53.28. καὶ πάλιν ἐπιζητούντων περὶ τειχῶν, οὐκ ἔφη πόλιν εἶναι ἀτείχιστον, ἥτις ἀνδράσι καὶ οὐ πλίνθοις ἐστεφάνωται.
53.29. The Spartans gave particular attention to their hair, recalling a saying of Lycurgus in reference to it, that it made the handsome more comely and the ugly more frightful.
53.29. ἐπεμέλοντο δὲ οἱ Σπαρτιᾶται καὶ τῆς κόμης, ἀπομνημονεύοντές τινα Λυκούργου λόγον περὶ τούτου, ὅτι τοὺς μὲν καλοὺς εὐπρεπεστέρους ποιεῖ, τοὺς δὲ αἰσχροὺς φοβερωτέρους.
53.30. He gave instructions that in war, when they had put the enemy to flight and had gained a victory, they should continue the pursuit only far enough to make their success assured, and then return immediately; for he said that it was neither a noble trait nor a Greek trait to slay those who had yielded, and this policy was not only honourable and magnanimous, but useful as well; for the opposing army, knowing that they customarily spared those who surrendered, but made away with those who resisted, would regard it as more profitable to flee than to stay.
53.30. παρήγγειλε δὲ ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις τρεψαμένους καὶ νικήσαντας μέχρι τοῦ βεβαιώσασθαι τὸ νίκημα ἐπιδιώκειν, εἶτα εὐθὺς ἀναχωρεῖν· οὔτε γενναῖον οὔτε Ἑλληνικὸν φονεύειν τοὺς παρακεχωρηκότας φάσκων, ἀλλὰ φείδεσθαι. ἦν δʼ οὐ μόνον καλὸν τοῦτο καὶ μεγαλόψυχον ἀλλὰ καὶ χρήσιμον· εἰδότας γὰρ τοὺς μαχομένους πρὸς αὑτοὺς ὅτι φείδονται μὲν τῶν ἐνδιδόντων, ἀναιροῦσι δὲ τοὺς ὑφισταμένους, τοῦ μένειν τὸ φεύγειν ὠφελιμώτερον ἡγήσεσθαι.
53.31. When somebody inquired why he forbade spoiling the enemy’s dead, he said, “So that the soldiers may not, by looking about covertly for spoil, neglect their fighting, but also that they may keep to their poverty as well as to their post.”
53.31. πυνθανομένου δέ τινος, διὰ τί τοὺς τῶν πολεμίων νεκροὺς ἀπηγόρευσε σκυλεύειν, ὅπως ἔφη μὴ κυπτάζοντες περὶ τὰ σκῦλα τῆς μάχης ἀμελῶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν πενίαν ἅμα τῇ τάξει διασῴζωσι.
54.1. When Dionysius, the despot of Sicily, sent costly garments for Lysander’s daughters, he would not accept them, saying that he was afraid that because of them his daughters would appear ugly rather than beautiful. But a little later, when he was sent as ambassador to the same despot from the same State, Dionysius sent to him two robes and bade him choose whichever one of them he would, and take it to his daughter; but Lysander said that she herself would make a better choice, and, taking them both, he departed.
54.1. Λύσανδρος, Διονυσίου τοῦ τῆς Σικελίας τυράννου πέμψαντος αὐτοῦ ταῖς θυγατράσιν ἱμάτια πολυτελῆ, οὐκ ἔλαβεν εἰπὼν δεδιέναι, μὴ διὰ ταῦτα μᾶλλον αἰσχραὶ φανῶσιν ἀλλʼ ὀλίγον ὕστερον πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν τύραννον ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως ἀποσταλεὶς πρεσβευτής, προσπέμψαντος αὐτῷ τοῦ Διονυσίου δύο στολὰς καὶ κελεύσαντος ἣν βούλεται ταύτην ἑλόμενον τῇ θυγατρὶ κομίζειν, αὐτὴν ἐκείνην ἔφη βέλτιον αἱρήσεσθαι· καὶ λαβὼν ἀμφοτέρας ἀπῆλθεν.
54.2. Lysander, who was a clever quibbler, and given to employing cunning deceptions to further most of his designs, counted justice as mere expediency, and honour as that which is advantageous. He said that the truth is better than falsehood, but that the worth and value of either is determined by the use to which it is put.
54.2. ὁ δὲ Λύσανδρος, δεινὸς σοφιστὴς γενόμενος καὶ ἀπάταις τὰ πολλὰ ποικίλλων, τὸ δίκαιον ἐν μόνῳ τῷ λυσιτελεῖ τιθέμενος καὶ τὸ καλὸν ἐν τῷ συμφέροντι, τὸ ἀληθὲς ἔλεγε τοῦ ψεύδους κρεῖττον εἶναι, ἑκατέρου δὲ τῇ χρείᾳ τὴν ἀξίαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν ὁρίζεσθαι.
54.3. In answer to those who blamed him because of his carrying out most of his designs through deception, which they said was unworthy of Heracles and gaining his successes by wile in no straightforward way, he said laughing that where he could not get on with the lion’s skin it must be pieced out with the skin of the fox.
54.3. πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ψέγοντας αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ διʼ ἀπάτης τὰ πλεῖστα πράττειν ὡς ἀνάξιον τοῦ Ἡρακλέους καὶ δόλῳ, οὐκ ἄντικρυς κατορθοῦντα, γελῶν ἔλεγεν ὅπου μὴ ἐφικνεῖται τῇ λεοντῆ, προσραπτέον εἶναι τὴν ἀλωπεκῆν.
54.4. When others censured him for his violation of his oaths which he had made in Miletus he said that one must trick children with knuckle-bones, but men with oaths, He conquered the Athenians by a ruse at Aegospotami, and by pressing them hard through famine he forced them to surrender their city, whereupon he wrote to the Ephors, “Athens is taken.”
54.4. ἐπιμεμφομένων δʼ ἑτέρων αὐτὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς παραβάσεσι τῶν ὅρκων, οὓς ἐν Μιλήτῳ ἐποιήσατο, ἔλεγε τοὺς μὲν παῖδας ἀστραγάλοις δεῖ ἐξαπατᾶν, τοὺς δὲ ἄνδρας ὅρκοις. νικήσας δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἐξ ἐνέδρας περὶ Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς καὶ λιμῷ πιέσας αὐτοὺς παρεστήσατο τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ἔγραψε τοῖς ἐφόροις ἑαλώκασιν αἱ Ἀθῆναι.
54.6. In answer to the Argives, who were disputing with the Spartans in regard to the boundaries of their land and said that they had the better of the case, he drew his sword and said, “He who is master of this talks best about boundaries of land.”
54.6. πρὸς Ἀργείους δὲ περὶ γῆς ὅρων ἀμφισβητοῦντας πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ δικαιότερα λέγειν αὐτῶν φάσκοντας σπασάμενος τὴν μάχαιραν ὁ ταύτης ἔφη κρατῶν βέλτιστα περὶ γῆς ὅρων διαλέγεται.
54.7. Seeing that the Boeotians were wavering at the time when he was about to pass through their country he sent to them to inquire whether he should march through their land with spears at rest or ready for action.
54.7. τοὺς δὲ Βοιωτοὺς ἐπαμφοτερίζοντας, ὅτε διῄει τὴν χώραν, ὁρῶν, προσέπεμψε πυνθανόμενος πότερον ὀρθοῖς τοῖς δόρασιν ἢ κεκλιμένοις διαπορεύηται τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν.
54.8. When a Megarian in the common council used plain words to him, he said, “My friend, your words need a city to back them.”
54.8. Μεγαρέως δὲ ἀνδρὸς ἐν τῷ κοινῷ συλλόγῳ παρρησίᾳ χρησαμένου πρὸς αὐτόν, οἱ λόγοι σου εἶπεν ὦ ξένε, πόλεως δέονται.
54.9. When the Corinthians had revolted and he was going through their country along by the walls and saw that the Spartans were reluctant to attack, a hare was seen leaping across the ditch, whereupon he said, “Are you not ashamed, men of Sparta, to be afraid of such enemies as these, who are so slack that hares sleep in the walls of their city?”
54.9. ἐπεὶ δὲ Κορινθίων ἀφεστώτων διερχόμενος παρὰ τὰ τείχη τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἑώρα προσβάλλειν ὀκνοῦντας, καὶ λαγώς τις ὤφθη διαπηδῶν τὴν τάφρον, οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε εἶπεν ὦ Σπαρτιᾶται, τοιούτους φοβούμενοι πολεμίους, ὧν οἱ λαγωοὶ διʼ ἀργίαν τοῖς τείχεσιν ἐγκαθεύδουσιν.
54.10. As he was consulting the oracle in Samothrace, the priest bade him tell what was the most lawless deed that had ever been committed by him in his lifetime. Lysander asked, “Must I do this at your command or at the command of the gods?” When the priest said, “At the command of the gods,” Lysander said, “Then do you take yourself out of my way, and I will tell them in case they inquire.”
54.10. ἐν δὲ Σαμοθρᾴκῃ χρηστηριαζομένῳ αὐτῷ ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐκέλευσεν εἰπεῖν, ὅ τι ἀνομώτατον ἔργον αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βίῳ πέπρακται. ἐπηρώτησεν οὖν πότερον σοῦ τοῦτο κελεύοντος ἢ τῶν θεῶν τοῦτο δεῖ ποιεῖν; φαμένου δὲ τῶν θεῶν, σὺ τοίνυν ἔφη ἐκποδών μοι κατάστηθι, κἀκείνοις ἐρῶ, ἐὰν πυνθάνωνται.
54.11. When a Persian asked what kind of a government he commended most highly, he said, “The government which duly awards what is fitting to both the brave and the cowardly.”
54.11. Πέρσου δʼ ἐρωτήσαντος ποίαν μάλιστα ἐπαινεῖ πολιτείαν, ἥτις ἔφη τοῖς ἀνδρείοις καὶ δειλοῖς τὰ προσήκοντα ἀποδίδωσι.
54.12. In answer to a man who said that he commended him and was very fond of him, he said “I have two oxen in a field, and although they both may utter no sound, I know perfectly well which one is lazy and which one is the worker.”
54.12. πρὸς δὲ τὸν εἰπόντα, ὅτι ἐπαινοίη αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπερασπάζοιτο, δύο βοῦς ἔχω ἔφη ἐν ἀγρῷ· σιγώντων δʼ ἀμφοτέρων, ἀκριβῶς ἐπίσταμαι τόν τε ἀργὸν καὶ τὸν ἐργαζόμενον.
54.13. When someone was reviling him, he said, “Talk right on, you miserable foreigner, talk, and don’t leave out anything if thus you may be able to empty your soul of the vicious notions with which you seem to be filled.”
54.13. λοιδορουμένου δέ τινος αὐτῷ, εἶπε λέγε πυκνῶς, ὦ ξενύλλιον, λέγε μηδὲν ἐλλείπων, ἄν σου δύνῃ τὰν ψυχὰν κενῶσαι κακῶν, ὧν ἔοικας πλήρης εἶναι χρόνῳ δʼ ὕστερον μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ἀντιλογίας συμμαχικῆς γενομένης, Ἀγησίλαος ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Λυσάνδρου οἰκίαν, ὅπως τὰ περὶ αὐτῆς γράμματα διασκέψηται·