---
title: "Summa Theologica, Second Half"
author: "Thomas Aquinas"
translator: "Fathers of the English Dominican Province"
languages: [en]
shelf: "Medieval"
section: 10 of 935
url: https://scriptura.si/works/thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-second-half/10/
cite: "Thomas Aquinas, tr. Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Summa Theologica, Second Half, section 10. Scriptura (scriptura.si), https://scriptura.si/works/thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-second-half/10/"
---

# Summa Theologica, Second Half

*Thomas Aquinas, tr. Fathers of the English Dominican Province*

Courage and temperance, the states of life, then Christ, the sacraments and the last things.

## 10. II–II · Question 123: Of Fortitude (twelve Articles)

Source: https://scriptura.si/works/thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-second-half/10/ · cite a paragraph as https://scriptura.si/works/thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-second-half/10/#p-N

[¶0] OF FORTITUDE (TWELVE ARTICLES)

[¶1] After considering justice we must in due sequence consider fortitude. We must (1) consider the virtue itself of fortitude; (2) its parts; (3) the gift corresponding thereto; (4) the precepts that pertain to it.

[¶2] Concerning fortitude three things have to be considered: (1) Fortitude itself; (2) its principal act, viz. martyrdom; (3) the vices opposed to fortitude.

[¶3] Under the first head there are twelve points of inquiry:

[¶4] (1) Whether fortitude is a virtue?

[¶5] (2) Whether it is a special virtue?

[¶6] (3) Whether fortitude is only about fear and daring?

[¶7] (4) Whether it is only about fear of death?

[¶8] (5) Whether it is only in warlike matters?

[¶9] (6) Whether endurance is its chief act?

[¶10] (7) Whether its action is directed to its own good?

[¶11] (8) Whether it takes pleasure in its own action?

[¶12] (9) Whether fortitude deals chiefly with sudden occurrences?

[¶13] (10) Whether it makes use of anger in its action?

[¶14] (11) Whether it is a cardinal virtue?

[¶15] (12) Of its comparison with the other cardinal virtues.