1. The hounds used are of two kinds, the Castorian and the Vulpine. The Castorian is so called because Castor paid special attention to the breed, making a hobby of the business. The Vulpine is a hybrid between the dog and the fox: hence the name. In the course of time the nature of the parents has become fused.
1. τὰ δὲ γένη τῶν κυνῶν διττά, αἱ μὲν καστόριαι, αἱ δὲ ἀλωπεκίδες. ἔχουσι δʼ αἱ μὲν καστόριαι τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ταύτην ὅτι Κάστωρ ἡσθεὶς τῷ ἔργῳ μάλιστα αὐτὰς διεφύλαξεν· αἱ δʼ ἀλωπεκίδες διότι ἐκ κυνῶν τε καὶ ἀλωπέκων ἐγένοντο· ἐν πολλῷ δὲ χρόνῳ συγκέκραται αὐτῶν ἡ φύσις.
2. Inferior specimens (that is to say, the majority) show one or more of the following defects. They are small, hook-nosed, grey-eyed, blinking, ungainly, stiff, weak, thin-coated, lanky, ill-proportioned, cowardly, dull-scented, unsound in the feet.
2. χείρους δὲ καὶ πλείους αἱ τοιαίδε, μικραί, γρυπαί, χαροποί, μυωποί, ἄμορφοι, σκληραί, ἀσθενεῖς, ψιλαί, ὑψηλαί, ἀσύμμετροι, ἄψυχοι, ἄρρινες, οὐκ εὔποδες.
3. Now small dogs often drop out of the running through their want of size; hook-nosed dogs have no mouth and can’t hold the hare; grey-eyed dogs and blinkers have bad sight; ungainly dogs look ugly; stiff ones are in a bad way at the end of the hunt; no work can be got out of the weak and the thin-coated ones; those that are lanky and ill-proportioned are heavy movers and carry themselves anyhow; cowards leave their work and give up and slink away from the sun into shady places and lie down; dogs with no nose seldom scent the hare and only with difficulty; and those with bad feet, even if they are plucky, can’t stand the hard work, and tire because they are foot-sore.
3. αἱ μὲν οὖν μικραὶ πολλάκις ἀποστεροῦνται τῆς ἐργασίας διὰ τὸ μικρόν· αἱ δὲ γρυπαὶ ἄστομοι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐ κατέχουσι τὸν λαγῶ· ⟨αἱ⟩ χαροποὶ δὲ καὶ μυωποὶ χείρω τὰ ὄμματα ἔχουσιν· ⟨αἱ⟩ ἄμορφοι δὲ καὶ αἰσχραὶ ὁρᾶσθαι· αἱ δὲ σκληραὶ τὰ εἴδη χαλεπῶς ἀπὸ τῶν κυνηγεσίων ἀπαλλάττουσι· πονεῖν δὲ ἀδύνατοι αἱ ἀσθενεῖς καὶ αἱ ψιλαί· αἱ δὲ ὑψηλαὶ καὶ αἱ ἀσύμμετροι ἀσύντακτα ἔχουσαι τὰ σώματα βαρέως διαφοιτῶσιν· αἱ ἄψυχοι δὲ καὶ λείπουσι τὰ ἔργα καὶ ἀφίστανται ⟨καὶ ὑποφεύγουσι⟩ τὸν ἥλιον ὑπὸ τὰς σκιὰς καὶ κατακλίνονται· αἱ δὲ ἄρρινες μόλις καὶ ὀλιγάκις αἰσθάνονται τοῦ λαγῶ· αἱ δὲ ἄποδες οὐδʼ ἂν ὦσιν εὔψυχοι τοὺς πόνους δύνανται ἀνέχεσθαι, ἀλλʼ ἀπαγορεύουσι διὰ τὸ ἄλγος τῶν ποδῶν.
4. Moreover, hounds of the same breed vary much in behaviour when tracking. Some go ahead as soon as they find the line without giving a sign, and there is nothing to show that they are on it. Some move the ears only, but keep the tail still; others keep the ears still and wag the tip of the tail.
4. εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ τῆς ἰχνεύσεως πολλοὶ τρόποι ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν κυνῶν· αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπειδὰν λάβωσι τὰ ἴχνη, πορεύονται ἀσήμως ὥστε μὴ γιγνώσκεσθαι ὅτι ἰχνεύουσιν, αἱ δὲ τὰ ὦτα μόνον διακινοῦσι, τὴν δὲ οὐρὰν ἡσυχῇ ἔχουσιν, αἱ δὲ τὰ ὦτα μὲν ἀκίνητα ἔχουσιν, ἄκραν δὲ τὴν οὐρὰν σείουσιν.
5. Others prick up the ears and run frowning along the track, dropping their tails and putting them between their legs. Many do none of these things, but rush about madly round the track, and when they happen upon it, stupidly trample out the traces, barking all the time.
5. ἄλλαι δὲ συνάγουσι τὰ ὦτα καὶ ἐπισκυθρωπάσασαι διὰ τοῦ ἴχνους, σχάσασαι τὴν οὐρὰν καὶ φράξασαι διατρέχουσι· πολλαὶ δὲ τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ποιοῦσι, μανικῶς δὲ περιφερόμεναι ὑλακτοῦσι περὶ τὰ ἴχνη, ὅτε δὲ εἰσπίπτουσιν εἰς αὐτά, ἀφρόνως καταπατοῦσαι τὰς αἰσθήσεις.
6. Others again, continually circling and straying, get ahead of the line when clean off it and pass the hare, and every time they run against the line, begin guessing, and if they catch sight of the hare, tremble and never go for her until they see her stir.
6. εἰσὶ δὲ αἳ κύκλοις πολλοῖς χρώμεναι καὶ πλάνοις, ὑπολαμβάνουσαι ἐκ τοῦ πρόσω τὰ ἴχνη παραλείπουσι τὸν λαγῶ, ὁσάκις δʼ ἐπιτρέχουσι τὰ ἴχνη, εἰκάζουσι, προορώμεναι δὲ τὸν λαγῶ τρέμουσι καὶ οὐκ ἐπέρχονται πρὶν ⟨ἂν⟩ ἴδωσιν ὑποκινοῦντα.
7. Hounds that run forward and frequently examine the discoveries of the others when they are casting about and pursuing have no confidence in themselves; while those that will not let their cleverer mates go forward, but fuss and keep them back, are confident to a fault. Others will drive ahead, eagerly following false lines and getting wildly excited over anything that turns up, well knowing that they are playing the fool; others will do the same thing in ignorance. Those that stick to game paths and don’t recognise the true line are poor tools.
7. ὅσαι δὲ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων κυνῶν εὑρήματα ἐν ταῖς ἰχνείαις καὶ μεταδρομαῖς προθέουσαι θαμινὰ σκοποῦσιν, ἑαυταῖς ἀπίστως ἔχουσι· θρασεῖαι δʼ αἳ οὐκ ἐῶσι τῶν συνεργῶν τὰς σοφωτέρας εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν προιέναι, ἀλλʼ ἀνείργουσι θορυβοῦσαι· αἱ δὲ ἀσπαζόμεναι τὰ ψευδῆ καὶ ὑπερλαμπρυνόμεναι ἐφʼ ὅτῳ ἂν τύχωσι προάγουσι συνειδυῖαι ἑαυταῖς ὅτι ἐξαπατῶσιν· αἱ δʼ οὐκ εἰδυῖαι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσι ταύταις· φαῦλαι δὲ αἳ οὐκ ἀπαλλαττόμεναι ἐκ τῶν τριμμῶν τὰ ὀρθὰ οὐ γιγνώσκουσιν.
8. A hound that ignores the trail and races over the track of the hare on the run is ill-bred. Some, again, will pursue hotly at first, and then slack off from want of pluck; others will cut in ahead and then get astray; while others foolishly dash into roads and go astray, deaf to all recall.
8. ὅσαι δὲ τῶν κυνῶν τὰ ἴχνη τὰ μὲν εὐναῖα ἀγνοοῦσι, τὰ δὲ δρομαῖα ταχὺ διατρέχουσιν, οὐκ εἰσὶ γνήσιαι· διώκουσι δὲ αἱ μὲν ἀρχόμεναι σφόδρα, διὰ δὲ μαλακίαν ἀνιᾶσιν, αἱ δὲ ὑποθέουσιν, εἶτα ἁμαρτάνουσιν, ἕτεραι δὲ ἀνοήτως ἐμπίπτουσαι εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς ἁμαρτάνουσι, τὸ ἀνήκουστον πολὺ ἔχουσαι.
9. Many abandon the pursuit and go back through their hatred of game, and many through their love of man. Others try to mislead by baying on the track, representing false lines as true ones.
9. πολλαὶ δὲ τὰ διώγματα ἀφιεῖσαι ἐπανέρχονται διὰ τὸ μισόθηρον, πολλαὶ δὲ διὰ τὸ φιλάνθρωπον· αἱ δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἰχνῶν κεκλαγγυῖαι ἐξαπατᾶν πειρῶνται, ἀληθῆ τὰ ψευδῆ ποιούμεναι.
10. Some, though free from this fault, leave their own work when they hear a shout from another quarter while they are running, and make for it recklessly. When pursuing some are dubious, others are full of assumptions but their notions are wrong. Then there are the skirters, some of whom merely pretend to hunt, while others out of jealousy perpetually scamper about together beside the line.
10. εἰσὶ δὲ αἳ τοῦτο μὲν οὐ ποιοῦσι, μεταξὺ δὲ θέουσαι ἄν ποθεν ἀκούσωσι κραυγῆς, καταλείπουσαι τὰ αὑτῶν ἔργα ἀπρονοήτως ἐπὶ τοῦτο φέρονται· μεταθέουσι δὲ αἱ μὲν ἀσαφῶς, αἱ δὲ πολὺ ὑπολαμβάνουσαι, δοξάζουσαι δὲ ἑτέρως· αἱ δὲ πεπλασμένως, φθονερῶς δὲ ἄλλαι ἐκκυνοῦσι παρὰ τὸ ἴχνος διὰ τέλους συμπεριφερόμεναι.
11. Now most of these faults are natural defects, but some by which hounds are spoilt are due to unintelligent training. Anyhow such hounds may well put a keen hunter off the sport. What hounds of the same breed ought to look like and what they should be in other respects I will now explain.
11. τὰ μὲν οὖν πλεῖστα τούτων φύσει ἔχουσι, τὰ δὲ ἠγμέναι ἀνεπιστημόνως δύσχρηστοί εἰσιν· αἱ τοιαῦται μὲν οὖν κύνες ἀποτρέψειαν ἂν τοὺς ἐπιθυμοῦντας κυνηγεσίων. οἵας δὲ δεῖ εἶναι τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους τά τε εἴδη καὶ τὰ ἄλλα φράσω.