5.4. But he with his natural cleverness in foresight protecting himself against anything that might happen, in order to obey the emperor’s commands and at the same time join with the powerful Gothic kings, advanced slowly and in leisurely marches arrived late at Marcianopolis. There another, and more atrocious, thing was done, which kindled the frightful torches that were to burn for the destruction of the state.
5.4. At ille genuina praevidendi sollertia, venturos ventures muniens casus, ut et imperiis oboediret, et regibus validis iungeretur, incedens segnius, Marcianopolim tarde pervenit itineribus lentis. Ubi aliud accessit atrocius, quod arsuras in commune exitium faces furiales accendit.
5.5. Having invited Alavivus and Fritigern to a dinner-party, Lupicinus posted soldiers against the main body of the barbarians and kept them at a distance from the walls of the town; and when they asked with continual entreaties that they might, as friendly people submissive to our rule, be allowed to enter and obtain what they needed for food, great wrangling arose between the inhabitants and those who were shut out, which finally reached a point where fighting was inevitable. Whereupon the barbarians, becoming wildly excited when they perceived that some of their kindred were being carried off by force, killed and despoiled a great troop of soldiers.
5.5. Alavivo et Fritigerno ad convivium corrogatis, Lupicinus ab oppidi moenibus barbaram plebem, opposito milite, procul arcebat, introire ad comparanda victui necessaria, ut dicioni nostrae obnoxiam et concordem, per preces assidue postulantem, ortisque maioribus iurgiis inter habitatores et vetitos, ad usque necessitatem pugnandi est ventum. Efferatique acrius barbari, cum necessitudines hostiliter rapi sentirent, spoliarunt interfectam militum magnam manum.
5.6. When the aforesaid Lupicinus learned by a secret message that this had happened, while he had long been reclining at the prodigal table amid noisy entertainments and was drowsy and half drunk, guessing what the outcome would be, he put to death all the attendants of the two leaders, who as a guard of honour and to ensure their safety, were waiting for them before the general’s quarters.
5.6. Quae accidisse idem Lupicinus, latenti nuntio doctus, dum in nepotali mensa ludicris concrepantibus, diu discumbens vino marcebat et somno, futuri coniciens exitum, satellites omnes, qui pro praetorio (honoris et tutelae causa) duces praestolabantur, occidit.
5.7. When the people who were besieging the walls heard this news, in their resentment they gradually increased their number to avenge their kings, who, as they thought, had been detained by force; and they uttered many savage threats. And since Fritigern was quickwitted and feared that he might be held with the rest as a hostage, he cried out that they would have to fight with heavy loss of life, unless he himself were allowed to go out with his companions to quiet the people, who, believing that their leaders had been slain under pretence of friendly entertainment, had blazed out into turbulence. And when this request was granted, they all departed. They were received with applause and rejoicing, and mounting horses hastened away, to set in motion the various incitements that lead to wars.
5.7. Hocque populus qui muros obsidebat dolenter accepto, ad vindictam detentorum regum (ut opinabatur) paulatim augescens, multa minabatur et saeva. Utque erat Fritigernus expediti consilii, veritus ne teneretur obsidis vice cum ceteris, exclamavit, graviore pugnandum exitio, ni ipse ad leniendum vulgus sineretur exire cum sociis, quod arbitratum humanitatis specie ductores suos occisos, in tumultum exarsit. Hocque impetrato, egressi omnes exceptique cum plausu et gaudiis, ascensis equis evolarunt, moturi incitamenta diversa bellorum.
5.8. When report, that spiteful nurse of rumours, spread abroad what had happened, the whole nation of the Theruingi was fired with ardour for battle, and amid many fearful scenes, portentous of extreme dangers, after the standards had been raised according to their custom and the doleful sound of the trumpets had been heard, predatory bands were already rushing about, pillaging and burning the country-houses and making whatever places they could find a confusion of awful devastation.
5.8. Haec ubi fama rumorum nutrix maligna dispersit, urebatur dimicandi studio Theruingorum natio omnis, et inter metuenda multa periculorumque praevia maximorum, vexillis de more sublatis, auditisque triste sonantibus classicis, iam turmae praedatoriae concursabant, pilando villas et incendendo, vastisque cladibus quicquid inveniri poterat permiscentes.
5.9. Against them Lupicinus mustered all his soldiers in tumultuous speed, and advancing with more haste than discretion, halted nine miles from the city, ready to join battle. On seeing this the barbarians rushed recklessly on crowds of our men, dashed their shield’s upon opponents’ bodies, and with lance and sword ran through those who opposed them. And in the press of mad and bloody strife the tribunes and the greater part of the army perished, with the loss of their standards, except for their ill-omened leader, who, intent only upon saving himself by flight while the others were fighting, made for the town in hot haste. After this the enemy put on the Romans’ arms and ranged about, devastating sundry places without opposition.
5.9. Adversus quos Lupicinus properatione tumultuaria coactis militibus, temere magis quam consulte progressus, in nono ab urbe miliario stetit, paratus ad decernendum. Barbarique hoc contemplate, globos irrupere nostrorum incauti, et parmas oppositis corporibus illidendo, obvios hastis perforabant et gladiis, furoreque urgente cruento, et tribuni et pleraque pars armatorum periere, signis ereptis, praeter ducem infaustum, qui ad id solum intentus, ut confligentibus aliis, proriperet ipse semet in fugam, urbem cursu concito petit. Post quae hostes armis induti Romanis, nullo vetante per varia grassabantur.
5.10. And since after many events the narrative has reached this point, I earnestly entreat my readers (if I ever have any) not to demand of me a strictly accurate account of what happened or the exact number of the slain, which there was no way of finding out. For it will be enough to describe simply the main points of events, without concealing the truth through any false statement, since faithful honesty is ever a requisite in giving an historical account.
5.10. Et quoniam ad has partes post multiplices ventum est actus, id lecturos (siqui erunt unquam), obtestamur, nequis a nobis scrupulose gesta vel numerum exigat peremptorum, qui comprehendi nullo genere potuit. Sufficiet enim, veritate nullo velata mendacio, ipsas rerum digerere summitates: cum explicandae rerum memoriae ubique debeatur integritas fida.
5.11. Those who are unacquainted with ancient records say that the state was never before overspread by such a dark cloud of misfortune, but they are deceived by the horror of the recent ills which have overwhelmed them. For if they study earlier times or those which have recently passed, these will show that such dire disturbances have often happened.
5.11. Negant antiquitatum ignari, tantis malorum tenebris offusam aliquando fuisse rem publicam, sed falluntur malorum recentium stupore confixi. Namque si superiores vel recens praeteritae revolvantur aetates, tales tamque tristes rerum motus saepe contigisse monstrabunt.
5.12. The Teutones with the Cimbri, coming from unknown parts of the ocean, suddenly overflowed Italy, but after inflicting enormous disasters on our country, in the final battles they were overcome by our great generals, and being destroyed root and branch, they learned from the uttermost perils what warlike might combined with prudent discipline can accomplish.
5.12. Inundarunt Italiam ex abditis oceani partibus Teutones repente cum Cimbris, sed post inflictas rei Romanae clades immensas, ultimis proeliis per duces amplissimos superati, quid potestas Martia adhibita prudentia valeat, radicitus extirpati discriminibus didicere supremis.
5.13. Again, when Marcus was ruling the empire, the united madness of different tribes, after endless alarms of war, after the woes of captured and plundered cities, after the destruction of forces shaken by the death of their able leader, would have left only a small part of them unscathed.
5.13. Marco itidem moderante imperium, unum spirando vesania gentium dissonarum, post bellorum fragores immensos, post aerumnas urbium captarum et direptarum, et pessum datas copias, concitas probi rectoris interitu, partes earum exiguas reliquisset intactas.
5.14. But after calamitous losses the state was presently restored to its former condition, because the temperance of old times was not yet infected by the effeminacy of a more licentious mode of life, and did not crave extravagant feasts or shameful gains; but high and low alike with united ardour and in agreement hastened to a noble death for their country, as if to some quiet and peaceful haven.
5.14. Verum mox post calamitosa dispendia res in integrum sunt restitutae, hac gratia, quod nondum solutioris solutions vitae mollitie sobria vetustas infecta nec ambitiosis mensis nec flagitiosis quaestibus inhiabat, sed unanimanti ardore, summi et infimi inter se congruentes, ad speciosam pro re publica mortem tamquam ad portum aliquem tranquillum properabant et placidum.
5.15. Swarms of the Scythian peoples with two thousand ships broke through the Bosporus and the shores of the Propontis, and after crossing inflicted bitter losses by land and sea; but they lost the greater part of their number and were obliged to retreat.
5.15. Duobus navium milibus, perrupto Bosporo et litoribus Propontidis, Scythicarum gentium catervae transgressae, ediderunt quidem acerbas terra marique strages; sed amissa suorum parte maxima reverterunt.
5.16. Emperor Decius and Decius his son fell in battle with the barbarians. The cities of Pamphylia were beleaguered, very many islands laid waste, all Macedonia was given to the flames; for a long time the horde laid siege to Thessalonica and to Cyzicus as well. Anchialos was taken, and at the same time Nicopolis, which the emperor Trajan founded to commemorate his victory over the Dacians.
5.16. Ceciderunt dimicando cum barbaris imperatores Decii pater et filius. Obsessae Pamphyliae civitates, insulae populatae complures, inflammata Macedonia omnis; diu multitudo Thessalonicam circumsedit itidemque Cyzicum. Anchialos capta et tempore eodem Nicopolis, quam indicium victoriae contra Dacos Traianus condidit imperator.
5.17. After many disasters had been suffered and many cruel calamities had been inflicted, Philippopolis was destroyed and a hundred thousand people (unless the histories are false) were butchered within her walls. Foreign foes roamed at will over Epirus, Thessaly and the whole of Greece; but after the illustrious general Claudius became emperor and after he had been snatched from us by a noble death, they were driven out by Aurelian, a vigorous man and a severe avenger of their sins, and remained quiet for long ages, except that afterwards single bands of robbers made raids into the neighbouring regions, but very rarely and to their own destruction. But let me go on with the narrative from which I digressed.
5.17. Post clades acceptas, illatasque multas et saevas, excisa est Philippopolis, centum hominum milibus, nisi fingunt annales, intra moenia iugulatis. Vagati per Epirum Thessaliamque et omnem Graeciam licentius hostes externi, sed assumpto in imperium Claudio, glorioso ductore, et eodem honesta morte praerepto, per Aurelianum, acrem virum, et severissimum noxarum ultorem, pulsi per longa saecula siluerunt immobiles, nisi quod postea latrocinales globi vicina cum sui exitio rarius incursabant. Verum ea persequar unde deverti.
6.1. When this series of events was noised abroad by one message coming after another, Sueridus and Colias, Gothic chieftains, who had long since been received with their peoples and assigned to keep winter quarters at Hadrianopolis, considering their own welfare the most important thing of all, looked with indifference on all that took place.
6.1. Hoc gestorum textu circumlato nuntiis densis, Sueridus et Colias (Gothorum optimates) cum populis suis longe ante suscepti, et curare apud Hadrianopolim hiberna dispositi, salutem suam ducentes antiquissimam omnium, otiosis animis accidentia cuncta contuebantur.
6.2. But when on a sudden a letter came from the emperor, in which they were ordered to cross to Hellespontus, without any arrogance they asked for money for the journey, food, and a postponement of two days. At this the chief magistrate of the city was vexed—for he was incensed at them besides, because of the pillaging of his own property in his suburban villa; so he brought out and armed for their destruction all the lowest of the populace, along with the Armourers, of whom there is a large force there, and ordering the horns to sound the alarm, threatened them all with the utmost punishment, if they did not leave at once, as had been ordered.
6.2. Verum imperatoris litteris repente perlatis, quibus transire iussi sunt in Hellespontum, viaticum cibos biduique dilationem tribui sibi sine tumore poscebant. Quod civitatis magistratus ferens indigne (succensebat enim eisdem ob rem suam in suburbano vastatam) imam plebem omnem cum Fabricensibus, quorum illic ampla est multitudo multitude, productam, in eorum armavit exitium, iussisque bellicum canere bucinis, ni abirent ocius (ut statutum est) pericula omnibus minabatur extrema.
6.3. The Goths, shocked by this unexpected ill-treatment, and alarmed by the attack of the citizens, rather excited than well-considered, remained immovable; but when they were finally driven desperate by curses and abuse, and a few missiles were hurled at them, they broke out into open rebellion. They slew very many citizens, whom their too impudent attack had entrapped, and put to flight the rest, wounding them with various kinds of weapons. Then, plundering the dead bodies and arming themselves in the Roman equipment, they joined forces with Fritigern, whom they saw to be near at hand, as compliant allies, and beleaguered the city. visiting it with all the horrors of a siege. Remaining in this difficult situation for some time, they made scattered and promiscuous attacks; the conspicuous audacity of some perished unavenged, and many lost their lives from arrows or from stones whirled from slings.
6.3. Quo malo praeter spem Gothi perculsi, et concito quam considerato civium assultu perterriti, steterunt immobiles, laceratique ad ultimum detestatione atque conviciis, et temptati missilium iactibus raris, ad defectionem erupere confessam, et caesis plurimis, quos impetus deceperat petulantior, aversisque residuis, et telorum varietate confixis, habitu iam Romano cadaveribus spoliatis armati, viso propius Fritigerno, iunxerunt semet ut morigeri socii, urbemque clausam obsidionalibus aerumnis urgebant. In qua difficultate diutius positi, passim et promiscue ruebant, eminensque aliquorum audacia peribat inulta, multique sagittis et rotatis per fundas lapidibus interibant.
6.4. Then Fritigern, seeing that his men, being inexperienced in conducting a siege, were carrying on the struggle with such loss of life, left a sufficient force there and persuaded the rest to go away without finishing the task; he reminded them that he kept peace with walls and advised them to attack and devastate the rich and fruitful parts of the country, which were still without protectors and could be pillaged without any danger.
6.4. tunc Tune Fritigernus frustra cum tot cladibus colluctari homines ignaros obsidendi contemplans, relicta ibi manu sufficiente, abire negotio imperfecto suasit, pacem sibi esse cum parietibus memorans menorans, suadensque ut populandas opimas regiones et uberes, absque discrimine ullo, vacuas praesidiis etiamtum adorerentur.
6.5. They approved the counsel of the king, who they knew would be an active participator in the plan, and advancing cautiously they spread over every quarter of Thrace, while their prisoners or those who surrendered to them pointed out the rich villages, especially those in which it was said that abundant supplies of food were to be found. Besides their native self-confidence, they were encouraged especially by this help, that day by day great numbers of their countrymen flocked to them, including those who had been sold some time before by the traders, as well as many other persons, whom those who were half-dead with hunger when they first crossed into the country had bartered for a drink of bad wine or bits of the poorest of bread.
6.5. Laudato regis consilio, quem cogitatorum norant fore socium efficacem, per Thraciarum latus omne dispersi caute gradiebantur, dediticiis vel captivis vices uberes ostendentibus, eos praecipue, ubi alimentorum reperiri satias dicebatur, eo maxime adiumento, praeter genuinam erecti fiduciam, quod confluebat ad eos in dies ex eadem gente multitude, dudum a mercatoribus venundati, adiectis plurimis quos primo transgressu necati inedia vino exili vel panis frustis mutavere vilissimis.
6.6. Besides these there were not a few who were expert in following out veins of gold, and who could no longer endure the heavy burden of taxes; these were welcomed with the glad consent of all, and rendered great service to the same, as they wandered through strange places, by pointing out hidden stores of grain, and the secret refuges and hiding-places of the inhabitants.
6.6. Quibus accessere sequendarum auri venarum periti non pauci, vectigalium perferre posse non sufficientes sarcinas graves, susceptique libenti consensione cunctorum, magno usui eisdem fuere ignota peragrantibus loca, conditoria frugum occulta, et latebras hominum et receptacula secretiora monstrando.
6.7. With such guides nothing that was not inaccessible and out of the way remained untouched. For without distinction of age or sex all places were ablaze with slaughter and great fires, sucklings were torn from the very breasts of their mothers and slain, matrons and widows whose husbands had been killed before their eyes were carried off, boys of tender or adult age were dragged away over the dead bodies of their parents.
6.7. Nec quicquam nisi inaccessum et devium praeeuntibus eisdem mansit intactum. Sine distantia enim aetatis vel sexus, caedibus incendiorumque magnitudine cuncta flagrabant, abstractisque ab ipso uberum suctu parvulis et necatis, raptae sunt matres et viduatae maritis coniuges ante oculos caesis, et puberes adultique pueri per parentum cadavera tracti sunt.
6.8. Finally many aged men, crying that they had lived long enough after losing their possessions and their beautiful women, were led into exile with their arms pinioned behind their backs, and weeping over the glowing ashes of their ancestral homes.
6.8. Senes denique multi, ad satietatem vixisse clamantes, post amissas opes cum speciosis feminis, manibus post terga contortis, defletisque gentilium favillis aedium ducebantur extorres.
7.1. This news, received from Thrace with great sorrow, distracted the emperor Valens with manifold cares. He quickly sent Victor, commander of the cavalry, to Persia, that he might, in view of great impending dangers, arrange about the status of Armenia; he himself, planning to leave Antioch at once and go to Constantinople in the meantime, sent on in advance Profuturus and Trajanus, both generals who had high aspirations, but were unfit for war.
7.1. Haec ex Thraciis magno maerore accepta Valentem principem in sollicitudines varias distraxerunt. Et confestim Victore magistro equitum misso ad Persas, ut super Armeniae statu pro captu rerum componeret impendentium, ipse Antiochia protinus egressurus, ut Constantinopolim interim peteret, Profuturum praemisit et Traianum, ambo rectores, anhelantes quidem altius sed imbellis.
7.2. When these men had come to places where it was more fitting in small divisions to diminish the enemy’s numbers by stealthy and guerilla warfare, they turned to the ruinous and untimely plan of opposing to the barbarians, who were still breathing out madness, the legions brought from Armenia; these had indeed often given a good account of themselves in warfare, but were no match for the countless horde that had taken possession of the mountain heights as well as the plains.
7.2. Qui cum ad loca venissent, ubi particulatim perque furta magis et latrocinia multitudo multitude minui deberet hostilis, ad id quod erat perniciosum intempestive conversi, legiones ab Armenia ductas opposuere vesanum adhuc spirantibus barbaris, opere quidem Martio saepe recte compertas, sed impares plebi immensae, quae celsorum iuga montium occuparat et campos.
7.3. These troops, who had not yet learned the power of unbridled madness combined with desperation, drove the enemy beyond the precipitous crags of Mount Haemus and forced them into the steep defiles, in order that shut up in deserted and solitary places, and finding nowhere an outlet, they might be worn out by long continued hunger; they themselves in the meantime would await the coming of the general Frigeridus, who was on his way with the Pannonian and the transalpine auxiliaries, since Gratian, at Valens’ request, had directed him to take the field and bear aid to those who were harassed to the point of utter destruction.
7.3. Hi numeri nondum experti, quid cum desperatione rabies valeret indomita, trusos hostes ultra Haemi montis abscisos scopulos faucibus impegere praeruptis, ut in locis desertis et solis inclusos, nusquam reperientes exitum, diuturna consumeret fames, et opperirentur ipsi Frigeridum ducem, cum Pannonicis et transalpinis auxiliis adventantem, quem petitu Valentis Gratianus ire disposuit in procinctum, laturum suppetias his qui ad ultimum vexabantur exitium.
7.4. After him Richomeres, then commander of the household troops, who had been moved from Gaul, also at the order of Gratian, hastened to Thrace at the head of some so-called cohorts, of which the greater part had deserted, induced (as some maintained) by Merobaudes, who feared that if Gaul should be deprived of its defences, it would be laid waste at will by raids from across the Rhine.
7.4. Post quem Richomeres, domesticorum tunc tune comes, imperatu eiusdem Gratiani motus e Galliis, properavit ad Thracias, ductans cohortes aliquas nomine tenus, quarum pars pleraque deseruerat, ut iactavere quidam, Merobaudis suasu, veriti ne destitutae adminiculis Galliae vastarentur licenter, Rheno perrupto.
7.5. But since Frigeridus was disabled by an attack of gout, or at any rate, as his envious detractors alleged, feigned illness in order to avoid taking part in the hot contests, Richomeres by common consent took command of the whole force, and was joined by Profuturus and Trajanus, who were encamped near the town of Salices. Not far from there a countless mass of the barbarians had arranged their numerous wagons in the form of a circle, and as if enclosed in a space between city-walls, were enjoying their rich booty at their ease.
7.5. Verum articulorum dolore Frigerido praepedito, vel certe (ut obtrectatores finxere malivoli), morbum causante, ne ferventibus proeliis interesset, universos regens ex communi sententia, Richomeres Profuturo sociatur et Traiano, tendentibus prope oppidum Salices: unde haut longo spatio separatum, vulgus inaestimabile barbarorum, ad orbis rotundi figuram multitudine digesta plaustrorum, tamquam intramuranis cohibitum spatiis, otio fruebatur, et ubertate praedarum.
7.6. The Roman leaders, therefore, led by hopes for a more favourable turn of affairs, and intending to dare some glorious deed when chance brought the opportunity, were keenly watching for any movement that the Goths might attempt; making ready of course for this, that in case the enemy moved their camp to any other place, as they very frequently did, they might attack the hindermost in the rear, kill many of them with their pikes, and appropriate a great part of their spoils.
7.6. Praevia igitur spe meliorum, Romani duces (si fors copiam attulisset), ausuri aliquid gloriosum, Gothos quicquid molirentur, sagaciter observabant: id scilicet praestruentes, ut si aliorsum castra movissent, quod fecere creberrime, terga ultimorum adorti, plures perfoderent contis, magnamque spoliorum averterent partem.
7.7. When the Goths perceived this, or were informed by the reports of deserters, through whom everything was made known to them, they remained for a long time in the same position. But overwhelmed with fear of the opposing army, and of the additional soldiers that they now expected to flock to it, by means of the message used by their race they summoned the predatory bands scattered over various places near by; these at once, in obedience to the orders of their chiefs, like fire-darts, returned with winged speed to their wagon city (as they themselves call it) and gave their countrymen an incentive to greater deeds of daring.
7.7. Hoc intellecto hostes vel transfugarum indiciis docti, per quos nihil latebat incognitum, in eodem loco diu manserunt: sed oppositi exercitus metu praestricti, aliorumque militum, quos affluere iam sperabant, tessera data gentili, per diversa prope diffusas accivere vastatorias manus, quae iussis optimatum acceptis, statim ut incensi malleoli, ad carraginem (quam ita ipsi appellant), aliti velocitate regressae, incentivum audendi maiora popularibus addiderunt.
7.8. After this there was no rest for either side except for a short armistice. For upon the return of those whom necessity had called forth, the whole multitude, even then crowded within the ring of their defences, with frightful outcries and roused by their furious mood were all in haste with headlong eagerness to try the extremest dangers; and the chiefs of the nation who were present were in accord with them. But since these things took place when it was nearly sundown, and the coming of night kept them quiet against their wills and in sorrow, they took food at leisure, but remained sleepless.
7.8. Nihil post haec inter partes praeter indutias laxatum est breves. Reversis enim his quos necessitas evocarat, plebs omnis intra saeptorum ambitum etiam tum turn contrusa, immaniter fremens, animisque concita truculentis, experiri postrema discrimina, nec principibus gentis, qui aderant, renuentibus, cupiditate raecipiti festinabat. Et quoniam haec sole agebantur ageantur extremo, noxque adventans ad quietem invitos retinebat et maestos, capto per otium cibo, somni manserunt expertes.
7.9. For their part the Romans, on learning this, also spent the night without sleep, because they feared the enemy and their insane leaders as they might fear madly raging beasts; and although the outcome was doubtful, since they were considerably fewer in number, yet because of the greater justice of their cause they looked for success with unterrified minds.
7.9. Contra Romani, his cognitis, ipsi quoque exsomnes, verebantur hostes et male sanos eorum ductores, ut rabidas feras: eventum licet ancipitem, ut numero satis inferiores, prosperum tamen ob iustiorem sui causam, mentibus exspectantes impavidis.
7.10. Therefore the light of day had hardly appeared, when the trumpets on both sides sounded the call to take up arms, and the barbarians, after taking oath together according to their custom, tried to reach the heights, in order that from there by a swift rush down the slope like so many rollers they might overwhelm all before them. On seeing this, our soldiers hastened each to his own company, where they stood fast without moving about or leaving the ranks and rushing forward.
7.10. Candente itaque protinus die, signo ad arma capienda ex utraque parte per lituos dato, barbari postquam inter eos ex more iuratum est, tumulosos locos appetere temptaverunt, quo exinde per proclive rotarum modo obvios impetu convolverent acriore. Hocque viso, ad suos quisque manipulos properans miles, stabili gradu consistens, nec vagabatur nec relictis ordinibus procursabat.
7.11. So, when both armies after advancing cautiously remained unmoved, the opposing warriors stared at each other with savage and sidelong glances. The Romans in unison sounded their war-cry, as usual rising from a low to a louder tone, of which the national name is barritus, and thus roused themselves to mighty strength. But the barbarians sounded the glories of their forefathers with wild shouts, and amid this discordant clamour of different languages skirmishes were first tried.
7.11. Ergo ubi utrimque acies cautius incedentes, gressu steterunt immobili, torvitate mutua bellatores luminibus se contuebantur obliquis. Et Romani quidem voce undique Martia concinentes, a minore solita ad maiorem protolli, quam gentilitate appellant barritum, vires validas erigebant. Barbari vero maiorum laudes clamoribus stridebant inconditis, interque varios sermonis dissoni strepitus, leviora proelia temptabantur.
7.12. And now, after attacking each other from a distance with javelins and other missiles, they came together menacingly for a hand-to-hand conflict; the shields were fixed side to side in the form of a tortoise-shed, and they stood foot to foot. The barbarians, who are always alert and nimble, threw at our men huge clubs, hardened in the fire, and ran their swords through the breasts of those who showed most resistance; thus they broke through the left wing. When this gave way, a strong troop of reserves bravely hastened to their aid from near at hand, and rallied them when death already sat upon their necks.
7.12. Iamque verrutis et missilibus aliis, utrimque semet eminus lacessentes, ad conferendas coiere minaciter manus, et scutis in testudinum formam coagmentatis, pes cum pede collatus est. Barbarique ut reparabiles semper et celeres, ingentes clavas in nostros conicientes ambustas, mucronesque acrius resistentium pectoribus illidentes, sinistrum cornu perrumpunt: quod inclinatum subsidialis robustissimus globus, e propinquo latere fortiter excitus, haerente iam morte cervicibus sustentavit.
7.13. Then the battle grew hot and the slaughter was great; all the more active rushed into the thick of the fray and met their death from the arrows that flew like hail, or from the swords. Those who fled were pursued on this side and on that by troops of cavalry, who with mighty strength slashed at their heads and backs; and likewise on both sides by foot soldiers, hamstringing those who were in the toils of fear and had fallen.
7.13. Fervente igitur densis caedibus proelio, in confertos quisque promptior ruens, ritu grandinis undique volitantibus telis oppetebat et gladiis; et sequebantur equites hinc inde fugientium occipitia lacertis ingentibus praecidentes et terga, itidemque altrinsecus pedites, lapsorum timore impeditorum secando suffragines.
7.14. And while the whole battlefield was covered with corpses, some were lying among them who were mortally wounded, and cherished a vain hope of life; some were smitten with a bullet from a sling or pierced with arrows tipped with iron; the heads of others were split through mid forehead and crown with swords and hung down on both shoulders, a most horrible sight.
7.14. Et cum omnia caesorum corporibus opplerentur, iacebant inter eos quidam semianimes, spem vitae inaniter usurpando, alii glande fundis excussa, vel harundinibus armatis ferro confixi, quorundam capita per medium frontis et verticis mucrone distincta, in utrumque humerum magno cum horrore pendebant.
7.15. But not yet wearied bythe obstinate struggle, both sides continued to assail each other without a decision, and felt no diminution at all of their native hardihood, so long as eager courage kept up their strength. But at last day gave way to evening and ended the murderous contests, and withdrawing in disorder wherever each one could, all the survivors returned in sorrow to their tents.
7.15. Et pertinaci concertatione nondum lassatae, aequo Marte partes semet altrinsecus afflictabant, nec de rigore genuine quidquam remittebant, dum vires animorum alacritas excitaret. Diremit tamen interneciva certamina cedens vespero dies, et cunctis, qua quisque potuit, incomposite discedentibus, residui omnes repetunt tentoria tristiores.
7.16. Finally, some of the dead, who were men of distinction, were buried in such manner as the present circumstances allowed; the bodies of the rest of the slain were devoured by the foul birds that are wont at such a time to feed upon corpses, as is shown by the plains even now white with bones. However, while it is a fact that the Romans, who, far fewer in number, struggled with that vast multitude, suffered great losses, yet lamentable was the distress with which they afflicted the barbarian horde.
7.16. Humatis denique, pro locorum et temporis ratione, honoratis quibusdam inter defunctos, reliqua peremptorum corpora dirae volucres consumpserunt, assuetae illo tempore cadaveribus pasci, ut indicant nunc usque albentes ossibus campi. Constat tamen in numero longe minores Romanos, cum copiosa multitudine colluctatos, funerea multa perpessos: non tamen sine deflendis aerumnis exagitasse barbaram plebem.
8.1. When these disasters of battle were thus mournfully ended, our men sought retreat in the neighbouring city of Marcianopolis. The Goths, of their own accord, crowded within the winding line of wagons, did not venture to come out or show themselves for seven days, and our soldiers, having thus found an opportunity, shut in the other huge hordes of barbarians within the narrow passes of the Haemus range by building high barriers. They doubtless hoped that the dangerous mass of enemies, crowded together between the Hister and the waste places, and finding no way out, would perish from lack of food; for all the necessities of life had been taken to the strong cities, none of which the enemy even then attempted to besiege because of their complete ignorance of these and other operations of the kind.
8.1. His casibus proeliorum ita luctuose finitis, nostri proximos Marcianopoleos petivere secessus. Gothi intra vehiculorum anfractus sponte sua contrusi, numquam exinde per dies septem egredi vel videri sunt ausi, ideoque opportunitatem milites nancti, immensas alias barbarorum catervas inter Haemimontanas angustias clauserunt, aggerum obiectu celsorum, hac spe nimirum ut inter Histrum et solitudines perniciosa hostium multitudo compacta, nullosque reperiens exitus, periret inedia, cunctis utilibus ad vivendum in civitates validas comportatis, quarum nullam etiam tum circumsedere conati sunt, haec et similia machinari penitus ignorantes.
8.2. After this Richomeres returned to Gaul, in order to bring aid from there because there was expectation of still greater tumult of war. All this took place in the consulships of Gratian and Merobaudes, the former for the fourth time, towards the coming of autumn.
8.2. Post quae repetivit Gallias Richomeres, ob maiorem proeliorum fremitum, qui sperabatur, inde adminicula perducturus. Haec Gratiano quater et Merobaude consulibus agebantur, anno in autumnum vergente.
8.3. Meanwhile Valens, on hearing of the sad results of the war and the pillage, sent Saturninus, who was temporarily given command of the cavalry, to render aid to Trajanus and Profuturus.
8.3. Inter quae Valens audito lugubri bellorum direptionumque eventu, Saturninum equestris exercitus ad tempus cura commissa, suppetias Traiano ferentem misit et Profuturo.
8.4. And it chanced at that same time, since everything that could serve as food throughout the lands of Scythia and Moesia had been used up, that the barbarians, driven alike by ferocity and hunger, strove with all their might to break out. And when after many attempts they were overwhelmed by the vigour of our men, who strongly opposed them amid the rugged heights, compelled by dire necessity they gained an alliance with some of the Huns and Halani by holding out the hope of immense booty.
8.4. Forteque eisdem diebus, per Scythiae regiones et Moesiae omnibus quae poterant mandi consumptis, feritate urgente pariter et inopia erumpere barbari molibus magnis ardebant. Hocque saepe temptato, cum obruerentur vigore nostrorum, per asperitates scruposas valide resistentium, adacti necessitate postrema, Hunorum et Halanorum aliquos ad societatem spe praedarum ingentium adsciverunt.
8.5. As soon as Saturninus heard of this—for he had already arrived and was arranging a line of outposts and field pickets —he gradually gathered his forces together and prepared to retreat; his plan was not a foolish one-namely that suddenly the mass of barbarians, like a river that has burst its barriers and rushes forth with an awful drive of waters, might not with slight difficulty whirl to destruction one and all while keenly watching the points of danger.
8.5. Quo cognito Saturninus (iam enim aderat, et praetenturas stationesque disponebat agrarias ), paulatim colligens suos, digredi parabat consilio non absurdo: ne subita multitudo, ut amnis immani pulsu undarum obicibus ruptis emissus, convelleret levi negotio cunctos, suspecta loca acutius observantes.
8.6. But scarcely were the passes open and our men conveniently gone, when the imprisoned barbarians, in disorder, wherever each man found no opposition, pressed on to set all in confusion; and unhindered they spread devastation over all the wide plains of Thrace, beginning at the very regions past which the Hister flows, and filling the whole country, as far as Rhodope and the strait which separates two great seas, with a most foul confusion of robbery, murder, bloodshed, fires, and shameful violation of the bodies of freemen.
8.6. Deinde post reseratas angustias abitumque militis tempestivum, incomposite, qua quisque clausorum potuit (nullo vetante), turbandis incubuit rebus: et vastabundi omnes per latitudines Thraciae pandebantur impune, ab ipsis tractibus, quos praetermeat Hister, exorsi, ad usque Rhodopen et fretum, quod immensa disterminat maria, rapinis et caedibus, sanguineque et incendiis et liberorum corporum corruptelis, omnia foedissime permiscentes.
8.7. Then there were to be seen and to lament acts most frightful to see and to describe: women driven along by cracking whips, and stupified with fear, still heavy with their unborn children, which before coming into the world endured many horrors; little children too clinging to their mothers. Then could be heard the laments of high-born boys and maidens, whose hands were fettered incruel captivity.
8.7. tunc Tune erat spectare cum gemitu facta dictu visuque praedira, attonitas metu feminas flagris concrepantibus agitari, fetibus gravidas adhuc immaturis, antequam prodirent in lucem, impia tolerantibus multa, implicatos implicates alios matribus parvulos, et puberum audire lamenta, puellarumque nobilium, quarum stringebat fera captivitas manus.
8.8. Behind these were led last of all grown-up girls and chaste wives, weeping and with downcast faces, longing even by a death of torment to forestall the imminent violation of their modesty. Among these was a freeborn man, not long ago rich and independent, dragged along like some wild beast and railing at thee, Fortune, as merciless and blind, since thou hadst in a brief moment deprived him of his possessions, and of the sweet society of his dear ones; had driven him from his home, which he saw fallen to ashes and ruins, and sacrificed him to a bloodthirsty victor, either to be torn limb from limb or amid blows and tortures to serve as a slave.
8.8. Post quae adulta virginitas, castitasque nuptarum, ore abiecto, flens ultima ducebatur, mox profanandum pudorem optans morte (licet cruciabili) praevenire. Inter quae cum beluae ritu traheretur ingenuus paulo ante dives et liber, de te, Fortuna, ut inclementi querebatur et caeca, quae eum puncto temporis brevi opibus exutum et dulcedine caritatum, domoque extorrem, quam concidisse vidit in cinerem et ruinas, aut lacerandum membratim, aut serviturum sub verberibus et tormentis crudo devovisti victori.
8.9. The barbarians, however, like savage beasts that had broken their cages, poured raging over the wide extent of Thrace and made for a town called Dibaltum, where they found Barzimeres, tribune of the targeteers, a leader experienced in the dust of warfare, with his own men, the Cornuti, and other companies of infantry, and fell upon him just as he was pitching his camp.
8.9. Barbari tamen, velut diffractis caveis bestiae, per Thraciarum amplitudines fusius incitati, oppidum petivere nomine Dibaltum, ubi tribunum scutariorum Barzimeren inventum cum suis Cornutisque et aliis peditum numeris castra ponentem assiliunt, eruditum pulvere militari rectorem.
8.10. He at once, as the exigency of imminent destruction compelled him, ordered the trumpet to sound the attack, and having protected his flanks, charged out at the head of his brave soldiers, who were ready and armed for battle; and by his valiant resistance he would have withdrawn on equal terms, had not the charge of a large force of cavalry surrounded him when he was breathless from fatigue. And so he fell, after having slain not a few of the barbarians, whose losses were concealed by their great numbers.
8.10. Qui confestim (ut adigebat necessitas instantis exitii) iussa canere bellicum tuba, lateribus firmatis prorupit, cum promptis accinctis ad proelium: fortiterque resistendo pari pugnandi sorte discesserat, ni eum equitum accursus complurium anhelum circumvenisset et fessum. Et ita cecidit interfectis barbarorum non paucis, quorum clades copiarum magnitudo celabat.
9.1. After accomplishing this as related, the Goths, uncertain what to try next, sought for Frigeridus, with the intention of extirpating him, when they found him, as a powerful obstacle in their way; and after taking better food than usual and sleeping for a short time, they followed his trail like wild beasts; for they had learned that at Gratian’s advice he had returned to Thrace, and, having constructed a fortification near Beroea, was watching the uncertain outcome of events.
9.1. Re in hunc modum peracta, Gothi quid postea molirentur incerti, quaeritabant Frigeridum, tamquam obicem validum, ubi reppererint excisuri: et cultiore victu somnoque parumper assumpto, eum sequebantur ut ferae: docti quod Gratiani monitu reversus in Thracias, et prope Beroeam vallo metato, eventus rerum speculabatur ancipites.