SCRIPTURA

Philosophy

Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego · Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse

Sigmund Freud

Translated by James Strachey

Freud reads Le Bon and asks what holds a crowd, a church or an army together: identification, love for the leader and the herd instinct, in German and English.

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Public domain in Canada and Hong Kong, where copyright ends fifty years after the author’s death. It may still be under copyright elsewhere: not for use or redistribution outside Canada or Hong Kong.

  • German: Sigmund Freud, Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse (Leipzig, Vienna and Zurich: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, 1921), Project Gutenberg #30843.
  • English: James Strachey’s translation (London: International Psycho-Analytical Press, 1922), Project Gutenberg #35877. Aligned chapter by chapter, by meaning; footnotes are not included.

Contents · 12

  1. 1I · Introduction
  2. 2II · Le Bon’s Description of the Group Mind
  3. 3III · Other Accounts of Collective Mental Life
  4. 4IV · Suggestion and Libido
  5. 5V · Two Artificial Groups: the Church and the Army
  6. 6VI · Further Problems and Lines of Work
  7. 7VII · Identification
  8. 8VIII · Being in Love and Hypnosis
  9. 9IX · The Herd Instinct
  10. 10X · The Group and the Primal Horde
  11. 11XI · A Differentiating Grade in the Ego
  12. 12XII · Postscript