56. But it would be of all things the most outrageous if we who are accounted the most energetic of the Hellenes should be more slack than the rest in our deliberations upon this question. What people do we know, worth mentioning at all, who after a single defeat and a single invasion of their country have in so cowardly a fashion agreed to do everything demanded of them? How could such men hold out against a long season of misfortune?
56. ὃ δὲ πάντων σχετλιώτατον, εἰ φιλοπονώτατοι δοκοῦντες εἶναι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ῥᾳθυμότερον τῶν ἄλλων βουλευσόμεθα περὶ τούτων. τίνας γὰρ ἴσμεν, ὧν καὶ ποιήσασθαι μνείαν ἄξιόν ἐστιν, οἵτινες ἅπαξ ἡττηθέντες καὶ μιᾶς εἰσβολῆς γενομένης οὕτως ἀνάνδρως ὡμολόγησαν πάντα τὰ προσταττόμενα ποιήσειν; πῶς δʼ ἂν οἱ τοιοῦτοι πολὺν χρόνον δυστυχοῦντες ἀνταρκέσειαν;
57. Who would not censure us if, while the Messenians withstood siege for twenty years in order to retain Messene, we should so quickly withdraw from it under a treaty and should take no thought of our forefathers, but should allow ourselves to be persuaded by words to throw away this territory which they acquired by dint of struggles and wars?
57. τίς δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐπιτιμήσειεν ἡμῖν, εἰ Μεσσηνίων ὑπὲρ ταύτης τῆς χώρας εἴκοσιν ἔτη πολιορκηθέντων ἡμεῖς οὕτω ταχέως κατὰ συνθήκας αὐτῆς ἀποσταίημεν, καὶ μηδὲ τῶν προγόνων μνησθείημεν, ἀλλʼ ἣν ἐκεῖνοι μετὰ πολλῶν πόνων καὶ κινδύνων ἐκτήσαντο, ταύτην ἡμεῖς ὑπὸ λόγων πεισθέντες ἀποβάλοιμεν;
58. There are those, however, who care for none of these things, but, overlooking all considerations of shame, counsel you to follow a course which will bring disgrace upon the state. And so anxious are they to persuade you to give up Messene that they have dared to dwell on the weakness of Sparta and the strength of the enemy, and now they challenge us who oppose them to say from what quarter we expect reinforcements to come, seeing that we exhort you to make war.
58. ὧν οὐδὲν ἔνιοι φροντίσαντες, ἀλλὰ πάσας τὰς αἰσχύνας ὑπεριδόντες, τοιαῦτα συμβουλεύουσιν ὑμῖν, ἐξ ὧν εἰς ὀνείδη τὴν πόλιν καταστήσουσιν. οὕτω δὲ προθύμως ἐπάγουσιν ὑμᾶς πρὸς τὸ παραδοῦναι Μεσσήνην, ὥστε καὶ διεξελθεῖν ἐτόλμησαν τήν τε τῆς πόλεως ἀσθένειαν καὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων δύναμιν, καὶ κελεύουσιν, ἀποκρίνασθαι τοὺς ἐναντιουμένους αὐτοῖς, πόθεν βοήθειαν προσδοκῶντες ἥξειν διακελευόμεθα πολεμεῖν.
59. For my part, I consider that the strongest and surest ally we can have is just dealing, for it is probable that the favor of the gods will be with those who deal justly—that is, if we may judge the future by the past; and in addition to this ally are good government and sober habits of life, and a willingness to battle to the death against the enemy, and the conviction that nothing is so much to be dreaded as the reproaches of our fellow-citizens—qualities which we possess in larger measure than any other people in existence.
59. ἐγὼ δὲ μεγίστην ἡγοῦμαι συμμαχίαν εἶναι καὶ βεβαιοτάτην τὸ τὰ δίκαια πράττειν (εἰκὸς γὰρ καὶ τὴν τῶν θεῶν εὔνοιαν γενέσθαι μετὰ τούτων, εἴπερ χρὴ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων τεκμαίρεσθαι τοῖς ἤδη γεγενημένοις), πρὸς δὲ ταύτῃ τὸ καλῶς πολιτεύεσθαι καὶ σωφρόνως ζῆν καὶ μέχρι θανάτου μάχεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐθέλειν καὶ μηδὲν οὕτω δεινὸν νομίζειν ὡς τὸ κακῶς ἀκούειν ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν· ἃ μᾶλλον ἡμῖν ἢ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις ὑπάρχει.
60. With these allies I would far rather go to war than with multitudes of soldiers, for I know that those of our people who first came to this country did not prevail over their adversaries through numbers, but through the virtues which I have just set forth. Therefore we ought not to stand in fear of our enemies because they are many, but should much rather take courage when we see that we ourselves have borne up under our misfortunes as no other people have ever done, and that we still remain faithful to the customs and ways of life which we established here in the very beginning, while the rest of the Hellenes are not able to stand even their good fortune, but have become completely demoralized, some of them seizing the cities of their allies, others opposing them in this; some disputing with their neighbors about territory, others, again, indulging their envy of one another rather than making war against us.
60. μεθʼ ὧν ἐγὼ πολὺ ἂν ἥδιον πολεμοίην ἢ μετὰ πολλῶν μυριάδων· οἶδα γὰρ καὶ τοὺς πρώτους ἡμῶν εἰς ταύτην τὴν χώραν ἀφικομένους οὐ τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἄλλων περιγενομένους, ἀλλὰ ταῖς ἀρεταῖς ταῖς ταῖς ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ προειρημέναις. ὥστʼ οὐκ ἄξιον διὰ τοῦτο φοβεῖσθαι τοὺς πολεμίους, ὅτι πολλοὶ τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις θαρρεῖν, ὅταν ὁρῶμεν ἡμᾶς μὲν αὐτοὺς οὕτως ἐνηνοχότας τὰς συμφορὰς ὡς οὐδένες ἄλλοι πώποτε, καὶ τοῖς τε νόμοις καὶ τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἐμμένοντας οἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατεστησάμεθα, τοὺς δὲ μηδὲ τὰς εὐτυχίας φέρειν δυναμένους, ἀλλὰ διατεταραγμένους, καὶ τοὺς μὲν τὰς συμμαχίδας πόλεις καταλαμβάνοντας, τοὺς δὲ τἀναντία τούτοις πράττοντας, ἄλλους δὲ περὶ χώρας τοῖς ὁμόροις ἀμφισβητοῦντας, τοὺς δὲ μᾶλλον ἀλλήλοις φθονοῦντας ἢ πρὸς ἡμᾶς πολεμοῦντας.
61. Therefore I wonder at those who look for a stronger ally than is found in the blundering of our enemies.
61. ὥστε θαυμάζω τῶν μείζω συμμαχίαν ζητούντων, ὧν οἱ πολέμιοι τυγχάνουσιν ἐξαμαρτάνοντες.
62. But if I must also speak of aid from the outside, I think that many will be disposed to assist us. For I know, in the first place, that the Athenians, although they may not hold with us in everything, yet if our existence were at stake would go to any length to save us; in the second place, that some of the other states would consult our interest as if it were their very own;
62. εἰ δὲ δεῖ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν βοηθειῶν εἰπεῖν, ἡγοῦμαι πολλοὺς ἔσεσθαι τοὺς βουλομένους ἐπαμύνειν ἡμῖν. ἐπίσταμαι γὰρ πρῶτον μὲν Ἀθηναίους, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντα μεθʼ ἡμῶν εἰσιν, ἀλλʼ ὑπέρ γε τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας ὁτιοῦν ἂν ποιήσοντας· ἔπειτα τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων ἔστιν ἃς ὁμοίως ἂν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἡμῖν συμφερόντων ὥσπερ τῶν αὑταῖς βουλευσομένας·
63. again, that the tyrant Dionysius, and the king of Egypt, and the various dynasts throughout Asia, each so far as he has the power, would willingly lend us aid; and, furthermore, that the Hellenes who rank first in wealth and stand foremost in reputation and who desire the best of governments, even though they have not yet allied themselves with us, are with us at least to the extent of wishing us well, and that upon them we have good reason to rest great hopes for the future.
63. ἔτι δὲ Διονύσιον τὸν τύραννον καὶ τὸν Αἰγυπτίων βασιλέα καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν δυνάστας, καθʼ ὅσον ἕκαστοι δύνανται, προθύμως ἂν ἡμῖν ἐπικουρήσοντας· πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς ταῖς οὐσίαις προέχοντας καὶ ταῖς δόξαις πρωτεύοντας καὶ βελτίστων πραγμάτων ἐπιθυμοῦντας, εἰ καὶ μήπω συνεστήκασιν, ἀλλὰ ταῖς γʼ εὐνοίαις μεθʼ ἡμῶν ὄντας, ἐν οἷς περὶ τῶν μελλόντων εἰκότως ἂν μεγάλας ἐλπίδας ἔχοιμεν.
64. Also I think that not only the people of the Peloponnesus in general but even the adherents of democracy, whom we consider to be especially unfriendly to us, are already yearning for our protection. For by revolting from us they have gained nothing of what they anticipated; on the contrary, they have got just the opposite of freedom; for having slain the best of their citizens, they are now in the power of the worst; instead of securing self-government, they have been plunged into misgovernment of many terrible kinds;
64. οἶμαι δὲ καὶ τὸν ἄλλον ὄχλον τὸν ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ καὶ τὸν δῆμον, ὃν οἰόμεθα μάλιστα πολεμεῖν ἡμῖν, ποθεῖν ἤδη τὴν ἡμετέραν ἐπιμέλειαν. οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἀποστᾶσι γέγονεν ὧν προσεδόκησαν, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ μὲν τῆς ἐλευθερίας τοὐναντίον ἀποβέβηκεν (ἀπολέσαντες γὰρ αὑτῶν τοὺς βελτίστους ἐπὶ τοῖς χειρίστοις τῶν πολιτῶν γεγόνασιν), ἀντὶ δὲ τῆς αὐτονομίας εἰς πολλὰς καὶ δεινὰς ἀνομίας ἐμπεπτώκασιν, εἰθισμένοι δὲ τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον μεθʼ ἡμῶν ἐφʼ ἑτέρους ἰέναι, νῦν τοὺς ἄλλους ὁρῶσιν ἐφʼ αὑτοὺς στρατευομένους, καὶ τὰς στάσεις, ἃς ἐπυνθάνοντο πρότερον παρʼ ἑτέροις οὔσας, νῦν παρʼ αὑτοῖς ὀλίγου δεῖν καθʼ ἑκάστην τὴν ἡμέραν γιγνομένας, οὕτω δʼ ὡμαλισμένοι ταῖς συμφοραῖς εἰσιν, ὥστε μηδένα διαγνῶναι δύνασθαι τοὺς κάκιστα πράττοντας αὐτῶν·
65. accustomed as they have been in the past to march with us against others, they now behold the rest taking the field against themselves; and the war of factions, of whose existence in other territories they used to know only by report, they now see waged almost every day in their own states. They have been so levelled by their misfortunes that no man can discern who among them are the most wretched; for not one of their states is unscathed, not one but has neighbors ready to do it injury; in consequence, their fields have been laid waste, their cities sacked, their people driven from their homes, their constitutions overturned, and the laws abolished under which they were once the most fortunate among the Hellenes.
65. οὐδεμία γάρ ἐστι τῶν πόλεων ἀκέραιος, οὐδʼ ἥ τις οὐχ ὁμόρους ἔχει τοὺς κακῶς ποιήσοντας, ὥστε τετμῆσθαι μὲν τὰς χώρας, πεπορθῆσθαι δὲ τὰς πόλεις, ἀναστάτους δὲ γεγενῆσθαι τοὺς οἴκους τοὺς ἰδίους, ἀνεστράφθαι δὲ τὰς πολιτείας καὶ καταλελύσθαι τοὺς νόμους, μεθʼ ὧν οἰκοῦντες εὐδαιμονέστατοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἦσαν.
67. They feel such distrust and such hatred of one another that they fear their fellow-citizens more than the enemy; instead of preserving the spirit of accord and mutual helpfulness which they enjoyed under our rule, they have become so unsocial that those who own property had rather throw their possessions into the sea than lend aid to the needy, while those who are in poorer circumstances would less gladly find a treasure than seize the possessions of the rich;
67. οὕτω δʼ ἀπίστως τὰ πρὸς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ δυσμενῶς ἔχουσιν, ὥστε μᾶλλον τοὺς πολίτας ἢ τοὺς πολεμίους δεδίασιν· ἀντὶ δὲ τῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ὁμονοίας καὶ τῆς παρʼ ἀλλήλων εὐπορίας εἰς τοσαύτην ἀμιξίαν ἐληλύθασιν, ὥσθʼ οἱ μὲν κεκτημένοι τὰς οὐσίας ἥδιον ἂν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν τὰ σφέτερʼ αὐτῶν ἐκβάλοιεν ἢ τοῖς δεομένοις ἐπαρκέσειαν, οἱ δὲ καταδεέστερον πράττοντες οὐδʼ ἂν εὑρεῖν δέξαιντο μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ τῶν ἐχόντων ἀφελέσθαι·
68. having ceased sacrificing victims at the altars they slaughter one another there instead; and more people are in exile now from a single city than before from the whole of the Peloponnesus. But although the miseries which I have recounted are so many, those which remain unmentioned far outnumber them; for all the distress and all the horror in the world have come together in this one region.
68. καταλύσαντες δὲ τὰς θυσίας ἐπὶ τῶν βωμῶν σφάττουσιν ἀλλήλους· πλείους δὲ φεύγουσι νῦν ἐκ μιᾶς πόλεως ἢ πρότερον ἐξ ἁπάσης τῆς Πελοποννήσου. καὶ τοσούτων ἀπηριθμημένων κακῶν, πολὺ πλείω τὰ παραλελειμμένα τῶν εἰρημένων ἐστίν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ὅ τι τῶν δεινῶν ἢ χαλεπῶν οὐκ ἐνταῦθα συνδεδράμηκεν.
69. With these miseries some states are already replete; others too will shortly have their fill, and then they will seek to find some relief for the troubles which now beset them. For do not imagine that they will continue to put up with these conditions; for how could men who grew weary even of prosperity endure for a long time the pressure of adversity? And so not only if we fight and conquer, but even if we keep quiet and bide our time, you will see them veer round and come to regard alliance with us as their only safety. Such, then, are the hopes which I entertain.
69. ὧν οἱ μὲν ἤδη μεστοὶ τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες, οἱ δὲ διὰ ταχέων ἐμπλησθήσονται, καὶ ζητήσουσί τινα τῶν παρόντων πραγμάτων εὑρεῖν ἀπαλλαγήν. μὴ γὰρ οἴεσθʼ αὐτοὺς μενεῖν ἐπὶ τούτοις· οἵτινες γὰρ εὖ πράττοντες ἀπεῖπον, πῶς ἂν οὗτοι κακοπαθοῦντες πολὺν χρόνον καρτερήσειαν; ὥστʼ οὐ μόνον ἢν μαχόμενοι νικήσωμεν, ἀλλʼ ἐὰν ἡσυχίαν ἔχοντες περιμείνωμεν, ὄψεσθʼ αὐτοὺς μεταβαλλομένους μένους καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν συμμαχίαν σωτηρίαν αὑτῶν εἶναι νομίζοντας. τὰς μὲν οὖν ἐλπίδας ἔχω τοιαύτας.
70. However, so far am I from complying with the enemy’s demands that, if none of these hopes should be realized and we should fail to obtain help from any quarter, but on the contrary some of the Hellenes should wrong us and the rest should look on with indifference—even so I should not alter my opinion; but I would undergo all the hazards which spring from war before I would agree to these terms. For I should be equally chagrined in either case—if we charged our forefathers with having deprived the Messenians of their land unjustly, or if, although insisting that they acquired it rightly and honorably, we made any concession regarding this territory contrary to our just rights.
70. τοσοῦτον δʼ ἀπέχω τοῦ ποιῆσαί τι τῶν προσταττομένων, ὥστʼ εἰ μηδὲν γίγνοιτο τούτων μηδὲ βοηθείας μηδαμόθεν τυγχάνοιμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἱ μὲν ἀδικοῖεν ἡμᾶς οἱ δὲ περιορῷεν, οὐδʼ ἂν οὕτω μεταγνοίην, ἀλλὰ πάντας ἂν τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου κινδύνους ὑπομείναιμι πρὶν ποιήσασθαι τὰς ὁμολογίας ταύτας. αἰσχυνθείην γὰρ ἂν ὑπὲρ ἀμφοτέρων, εἴτε καταγνοίημεν τῶν προγόνων ὡς ἀδίκως Μεσσηνίους ἀφείλοντο τὴν χώραν, εἴτʼ ἐκείνων ὀρθῶς κτησαμένων καὶ προσηκόντως ἡμεῖς παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον συγχωρήσαιμέν τι περὶ αὐτῆς.
71. Nay, we must follow neither course, but must consider how we may carry on the war in a manner worthy of Spartans, and not prove those who are wont to eulogize our state to be liars, but so acquit ourselves that they shall seem to have told less than the truth about us.
71. τούτων μὲν οὖν οὐδέτερον ποιητέον, σκεπτέον δʼ ὅπως ἀξίως ἡμῶν αὐτῶν πολεμήσομεν, καὶ μὴ τοὺς εἰθισμένους ἐγκωμιάζειν τὴν πόλιν ἐλέγξομεν ψευδεῖς ὄντας, ἀλλὰ τοιούτους ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς παρασχήσομεν, ὥστε δοκεῖν ἐκείνους ἐλάττω τῶν ὑπαρχόντων εἰρηκέναι περὶ ἡμῶν.
72. Now I certainly believe that nothing worse will befall us in the future than what we endure at present, but that, on the contrary, our enemies will plan and act in such a way that they themselves will right our fortunes; but if we should after all be disappointed in our hopes, and should find ourselves hemmed in on every side and be no longer able to hold our city, then, hard as may be the step which I am about to propose, yet I shall not hesitate to proclaim it boldly; for that which I shall propose to you is a nobler course to be heralded abroad among the Hellenes, and more in keeping with our own pride, than that which is urged by some among you.
72. οἶμαι μὲν οὖν οὐδὲν συμβήσεσθαι δεινότερον τῶν νῦν παρόντων, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοιαῦτα βουλεύσεσθαι καὶ πράξειν, ἐξ ὧν ἐπανορθώσουσιν ἡμᾶς· ἂν δʼ ἄρα ψευσθῶμεν τῶν ἐλπίδων καὶ πανταχόθεν ἐξειργώμεθα καὶ μηδὲ τὴν πόλιν ἔτι δυνώμεθα διαφυλάττειν, χαλεπὰ μέν ἐστιν ἃ μέλλω λέγειν, ὅμως δʼ οὐκ ὀκνήσω παρρησιάσασθαι περὶ αὐτῶν. καὶ γὰρ ἐξαγγελθῆναι τοῖς Ἕλλησι καλλίω ταῦτʼ ἐστί, καὶ μᾶλλον ἁρμόττοντα τοῖς ἡμετέροις φρονήμασιν, ὧν ἔνιοί τινες ἡμῖν συμβουλεύουσιν.
73. For I declare that we must send our parents and our wives and children and the mass of the people away from Sparta, some to Sicily, some to Cyrene, others to the mainland of Asia, where the inhabitants will all gladly welcome them with gifts of ample lands and of the other means of livelihood as well, partly in gratitude for favors which they have received and partly in expectation of the return of favors which they first bestow. Those of us, on the other hand, who are willing and able to fight must remain behind, abandon the city and all our possessions except what we can carry with us, and having seized some stronghold which will be the most secure and the most advantageous for carrying on the war, harry and plunder our enemies both by land and by sea until they cease from laying claim to what is ours.
73. φημὶ γὰρ χρῆναι τοὺς μὲν γονέας τοὺς ἡμετέρους αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ τὸν ὄχλον τὸν ἄλλον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐκπέμψαι, τοὺς μὲν εἰς Σικελίαν, τοὺς δʼ εἰς Κυρήνην, τοὺς δʼ εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον (ἄσμενοι δʼ αὐτοὺς ἅπαντες οὗτοι δέξονται καὶ χώρᾳ πολλῇ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ταῖς περὶ τὸν βίον εὐπορίαις, οἱ μὲν χάριν ἀποδιδόντες ὧν εὖ πεπόνθασιν, οἱ δὲ κομιεῖσθαι προσδοκῶντες ὧν ἂν προϋπάρξωσιν), ὑπολειφθέντας δὲ τοὺς βουλομένους καὶ δυναμένους κινδυνεύειν τῆς μὲν πόλεως ἀφεῖσθαι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων κτημάτων, πλὴν ὅσα ἂν οἷοί τʼ ὦμεν ἀπενέγκασθαι μεθʼ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, καταλαβόντας δὲ χωρίον, ὅ τι ἂν ἐχυρώτατον ᾖ καὶ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον συμφορώτατον, ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν, ἕως ἂν παύσωνται τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀμφισβητοῦντες.
75. If we have the courage for such a course and never falter in it, you will see those who now issue commands imploring and beseeching us to take back Messene and make peace. For what state in the Peloponnesus could withstand a war such as would in all likelihood be waged if we so willed? What people would not be stricken with dismay and terror at the assembling of an army which had carried out such measures, which had been roused to just wrath against those who had driven it to these extremes, and which had been rendered desperate and reckless of life— an army which, in its freedom from ordinary cares and in having no other duty but that of war, would resemble a mercenary force, but in point of native valor and of disciplined habits would be like no army that could be levied in all the world—an army, moreover, which would have no fixed government, but would be able to bivouac in the open fields and to range the country at will, readily making itself neighbor to any people at its pleasure, and regarding every place which offered advantages for waging war as its fatherland?
75. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐὰν τολμήσωμεν καὶ μὴ κατοκνήσωμεν, ὄψεσθε τοὺς νῦν ἐπιτάττοντας ἱκετεύοντας καὶ δεομένους ἡμῶν Μεσσήνην ἀπολαβεῖν καὶ ποιήσασθαι τὴν εἰρήνην. ποία γὰρ ἂν τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ τοιοῦτον πόλεμον ὑπομείνειεν, οἷον εἰκὸς γενέσθαι βουληθέντων ἡμῶν; τίνες δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐκπλαγεῖεν καὶ δείσαιεν στρατόπεδον συνιστάμενον τοιαῦτα μὲν διαπεπραγμένον, δικαίως δὲ τοῖς αἰτίοις τούτων ὠργισμένον, ἀπονενοημένως δὲ πρὸς τὸ ζῆν διακείμενον, καὶ τῷ μὲν σχολὴν ἄγειν καὶ μηδὲ περὶ ἓν ἄλλο διατρίβειν ἢ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον τοῖς ξενικοῖς στρατεύμασιν ὡμοιωμένον, ταῖς δʼ ἀρεταῖς καὶ τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασι τοιοῦτον οἷον ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων οὐδεὶς ἂν συντάξειεν, ἔτι δὲ μηδεμιᾷ πολιτείᾳ τεταγμένῃ χρώμενον, ἀλλὰ θυραυλεῖν καὶ πλανᾶσθαι κατὰ τὴν χώραν δυνάμενον καὶ ῥᾳδίως μὲν ὅμορον οἷς ἂν βούληται γιγνόμενον, τοὺς δὲ τόπους ἅπαντας τοὺς πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον συμφέροντας πατρίδας εἶναι νομίζον;
77. For my part, I believe that if this proposal were merely put in words and scattered broadcast among the Hellenes, our enemies would be thrown into utter confusion; and still more would this be so if we were put to the necessity of carrying it into effect. For what must we suppose their feelings will be when they themselves suffer injury, but are powerless to inflict injury upon us;
77. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οἶμαι τῶν λόγων μόνον ῥηθέντων τούτων καὶ διασπαρέντων εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας εἰς πολλὴν ταραχὴν καταστήσεσθαι τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἡμῶν, ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον, ἢν καὶ τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τούτοις ἀναγκασθῶμεν. τίνα γὰρ οἰηθῶμεν αὐτοὺς γνώμην ἕξειν, ὅταν αὐτοὶ μὲν κακῶς πάσχωσιν, ἡμᾶς δὲ μηδὲν δύνωνται ποιεῖν;
78. when they see their own cities reduced to a state of siege, while we shall have taken such measures that our own city cannot henceforth experience a like calamity; and when, furthermore, they perceive that it is easy for us to procure food both from our existing stores and from the spoils of war, but difficult for them, inasmuch as it is one thing to provide for an army such as ours and another to feed the crowds in cities?
78. καὶ τὰς μὲν αὑτῶν πόλεις ἴδωσιν εἰς πολιορκίαν καθεστηκυίας, τὴν δʼ ἡμετέραν οὕτω διεσκευασμένην ὥστε μηκέτι τῇ συμφορᾷ ταύτῃ περιπεσεῖν; ἔτι δὲ τὴν τῶν σωμάτων τροφὴν ἡμῖν μὲν ῥᾳδίαν οὖσαν ἔκ τε τῶν ὑπαρχόντων καὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου γιγνομένων, αὑτοῖς δὲ χαλεπὴν διὰ τὸ μὴ ταὐτὸν εἶναι στρατόπεδόν τε τοιοῦτον διοικεῖν καὶ τοὺς ὄχλους τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι διατρέφειν;
79. But bitterest of all will it be for them when they learn that the members of our households have all along been living in comfort and plenty, whereas they will see their own people destitute every day of the necessities of life, and will not be able even to alleviate their distress, but if they till the soil, they will lose both crop and seed, and if they allow it to lie unworked, they will be unable to hold out any time at all.
79. ὃ δὲ πάντων ἄλγιστον ἐκείνοις, ὅταν τοὺς μὲν ἡμετέρους οἰκείους ἐν πολλαῖς εὐπορίαις πυνθάνωνται γεγενημένους, τοὺς δʼ αὑτῶν ὁρῶσιν καθʼ ἑκάστην τὴν ἡμέραν τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐνδεεῖς ὄντας, καὶ μηδʼ ἐπικουρῆσαι δύνωνται τοῖς κακοῖς τούτοις, ἀλλʼ ἐργαζόμενοι μὲν τὴν χώραν τὰ σπέρματα προσαπολλύωσιν, ἀργὸν δὲ περιορῶντες μηδένα χρόνον ἀνταρκεῖν οἷοί τʼ ὦσιν.
80. But perhaps, you will object, they will join forces and with their united armies will follow us up and prevent us from doing them harm. Yet what better thing could we wish than to find close at hand, drawn up in line of battle and encamped against us face to face on the same difficult ground, an undisciplined and motley rabble, serving under many leaders? For there would be need of no great effort on our part; no, we should quickly force them to give battle, choosing the moment propitious for ourselves and not for them.
80. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἴσως ἀθροισθέντες καὶ κοινὸν ποιησάμενοι στρατόπεδον παρακολουθήσουσι, καὶ κωλύσουσιν ἡμᾶς κακῶς ποιεῖν αὐτούς. καὶ τί ἂν εὐξαίμεθα μᾶλλον ἢ λαβεῖν πλησιάζοντας καὶ παρατεταγμένους καὶ περὶ τὰς αὐτὰς δυσχωρίας ἡμῖν ἀντιστρατοπεδεύοντας ἀνθρώπους ἀτάκτους καὶ μιγάδας καὶ πολλοῖς ἄρχουσι χρωμένους; οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν πολλῆς πραγματείας δεήσειεν, ἀλλὰ ταχέως ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐξαναγκάσαιμεν ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις καιροῖς ἀλλὰ μὴ τοῖς αὑτῶν ποιήσασθαι τοὺς κινδύνους.
81. But the remainder of the day would fail me if I undertook to set forth the advantages we should gain by such a course. This much, at any rate, is clear to all—that we have been superior to all the Hellenes, not because of the size of our city or the number of its inhabitants, but because the government which we have established is like a military camp, well administered and rendering willing obedience to its officers. If, then, we shall create in reality that which it has profited us to imitate, there can be no doubt that we shall easily overcome our foes.
81. ἐπιλίποι δʼ ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν μέρος τῆς ἡμέρας, εἰ τὰς πλεονεξίας τὰς ἐσομένας λέγειν ἐπιχειρήσαιμεν. ἐκεῖνο δʼ οὖν πᾶσι φανερόν, ὅτι τῶν Ἑλλήνων διενηνόχαμεν οὐ τῷ μεγέθει τῆς πόλεως οὐδὲ τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλʼ ὅτι τὴν πολιτείαν ὁμοίαν κατεστησάμεθα στρατοπέδῳ καλῶς διοικουμένῳ καὶ πειθαρχεῖν ἐθέλοντι τοῖς ἄρχουσιν. ἢν οὖν εἰλικρινὲς τοῦτο ποιήσωμεν, ὃ μιμησαμένοις ἡμῖν συνήνεγκεν, οὐκ ἄδηλον ὅτι ῥᾳδίως τῶν πολεμίων ἐπικρατήσομεν.
82. We know, moreover, that those who became the founders of this city entered the Peloponnesus with but a small army and yet made themselves masters of many powerful states. It were fitting, then, to imitate our forefathers and, by retracing our steps, now that we have stumbled in our course, try to win back the honors and the dominions which were formerly ours.
82. ἴσμεν δὲ καὶ τοὺς οἰκιστὰς ταυτησὶ τῆς πόλεως γενομένους, ὅτι μικρὸν μὲν στρατόπεδον εἰς τὴν Πελοπόννησον εἰσῆλθον ἔχοντες, πολλῶν δὲ καὶ μεγάλων πόλεων ἐκράτησαν. καλὸν οὖν μιμήσασθαι τοὺς προγόνους, καὶ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπανελθόντας, ἐπειδὴ προσεπταίκαμεν, πειραθῆναι τὰς τιμὰς καὶ τὰς δυναστείας ἀναλαβεῖν, ἃς πρότερον ἐτυγχάνομεν ἔχοντες.
83. But, monstrous above all things would be our conduct if, knowing well that the Athenians abandoned their country to preserve the freedom of the Hellenes, we should lack the courage to give up our city even to preserve our own lives, and should refuse, when it behoves us to set the example for others in such deeds, even to imitate the conduct of the Athenians.
83. πάντων δʼ ἂν δεινότατον ποιήσαιμεν, εἰ συνειδότες Ἀθηναίοις ἐκλιποῦσι τὴν αὑτῶν χώραν ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐλευθερίας, ἡμεῖς μηδʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμετέρας αὐτῶν σωτηρίας ἀφέσθαι τῆς πόλεως τολμήσαιμεν, ἀλλὰ δέον ἡμᾶς παράδειγμα τῶν τοιούτων ἔργων τοῖς ἄλλοις παρέχειν, μηδὲ μιμήσασθαι τὰς ἐκείνων πράξεις ἐθελήσαιμεν.
84. Even more should we deserve the ridicule of men if, having before us the example of the Phocaeans who, to escape the tyranny of the Great King, left Asia and founded a new settlement at Massilia, we should sink into such abjectness of spirit as to submit to the dictates of those whose masters we have always been throughout our history.
84. ἔτι δὲ τούτου καταγελαστότερον, εἰ Φωκαεῖς μὲν φεύγοντες τὴν βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου δεσποτείαν, ἐκλιπόντες τὴν Ἀσίαν εἰς Μασσαλίαν ἀπῴκησαν, ἡμεῖς δʼ εἰς τοσοῦτον μικροψυχίας ἔλθοιμεν ὥστε τὰ προστάγματα τούτων ὑπομεῖναι, ὧν ἄρχοντες ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον διετελέσαμεν.
85. But we must not let our minds dwell on the day when we shall have to send away from us those who are nearest and dearest to us; no, we must at once begin to look forward to that good time when, victorious over our foes, we shall restore our city, bring back our own people, and prove to the world that while we now have experienced reverses unjustly, in times past we justly claimed precedence over all others.
85. χρὴ δὲ μὴ περὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην ταῖς ψυχαῖς διατρίβειν, ἐν ᾗ δεήσει χωρίζειν τοὺς οἰκειοτάτους ἀφʼ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους ἀφορᾶν, ἐν οἷς περιγενόμενοι τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀνορθώσομεν μὲν τὴν πόλιν, κομιούμεθα δὲ τοὺς ἡμετέρους αὐτῶν, ἐπιδειξόμεθα δὲ πᾶσιν ὅτι νῦν μὲν ἀδίκως δεδυστυχήκαμεν, τὸν δὲ παρελθόντα χρόνον δικαίως τῶν ἄλλων πλέον ἔχειν ἠξιοῦμεν.
86. This, then, is how matters stand: I have made this proposal, not with the thought that we must put it into effect forthwith, nor that there is in our circumstances no other means of deliverance, but because I wish to urge your minds to the conviction that we must endure, not only these, but even much worse misfortunes before conceding such terms regarding Messene as are being urged upon us.
86. ἔχει δʼ οὕτως· ἐγὼ τούτους εἴρηκα τοὺς λόγους, οὐχ ὡς δέον ἡμᾶς ἤδη ταῦτα πράττειν, οὐδʼ ὡς οὐδεμιᾶς ἄλλης ἐνούσης ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι σωτηρίας, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος ὑμῶν προτρέψασθαι τὰς γνώμας, ὡς καὶ ταύτας τὰς συμφορὰς καὶ πολὺ δεινοτέρας τούτων ὑπομενετέον ἡμῖν, πρὶν ὑπὲρ Μεσσήνης ποιήσασθαι συνθήκας οἵας κελεύουσιν ἡμᾶς.
87. I should not so earnestly exhort you to carry on the war if I did not see that the peace resulting from my proposals will be honorable and enduring, while that which would result from the counsel of certain men among you will not only be disgraceful, but will last no time at all. For if we permit the Helots to settle on our borders and allow Messene to flourish undisturbed, who does not know that we shall be involved in constant turmoils and dangers all our lives? Therefore, those who talk about “security” are blind to the fact that they are providing us with peace for a few days only, while contriving a state of war which will never end.
87. οὐχ οὕτω δʼ ἂν προθύμως ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον ὑμᾶς παρεκάλουν, εἰ μὴ τὴν εἰρήνην ἑώρων ἐξ ὧν μὲν ἐγὼ λέγω καλὴν καὶ βεβαίαν γενησομένην, ἐξ ὧν δʼ ἔνιοί τινες συμβουλεύουσιν, οὐ μόνον αἰσχρὰν ἐσομένην, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ χρόνον οὐδένα παραμενοῦσαν. ἢν γὰρ παρακατοικισώμεθα τοὺς Εἵλωτας καὶ τὴν πόλιν ταύτην περιίδωμεν αὐξηθεῖσαν, τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι πάντα τὸν βίον ἐν ταραχαῖς καὶ κινδύνοις διατελοῦμεν ὄντες; ὥσθʼ οἱ περὶ ἀσφαλείας διαλεγόμενοι λελήθασιν αὑτοὺς τὴν μὲν εἰρήνην ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἡμῖν ποιοῦντες, τὸν δὲ πόλεμον εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον κατασκευάζοντες.
88. I should like to ask these men in what cause they think we ought to fight and die. Is it not cause enough when the enemy make demands that are contrary to justice, when they cut off a portion of our territory, when they free our slaves and settle them in the land which our fathers bequeathed to us, yes, and not only rob us of our possessions but in addition to all our other miseries involve us in disgrace?
88. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν αὐτῶν πυθοίμην, ὑπὲρ τίνων οἴονται χρῆναι μαχομένους ἡμᾶς ἀποθνήσκειν· οὐχ ὅταν οἱ πολέμιοι προστάττωσί τι παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τῆς χώρας ἀποτέμνωνται καὶ τοὺς οἰκέτας ἐλευθερῶσι; καὶ τούτους μὲν κατοικίζωσιν εἰς ταύτην ἣν ἡμῖν οἱ πατέρες κατέλιπον, ἡμᾶς δὲ μὴ μόνον τῶν ὄντων ἀποστερῶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις κακοῖς εἰς ὀνείδη καθιστῶσιν;
89. For my part, I think that in such a cause as this we ought to endure, not only war, but even exile and death; for it is far better to end our lives in the possession of the high reputation which we now enjoy than to go on living with the infamy which we shall bring upon ourselves if we do what we are commanded to do. In a word, if I may speak without reserve, it is preferable for us to suffer annihilation, rather than derision, at the hands of our foes. For men who have lived in such high repute and in such pride of spirit must do one of two things—either be first among the Hellenes, or perish utterly, having done no ignominious deed but having brought their lives to an honorable close.
89. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τούτων οὐ μόνον πόλεμον ἀλλὰ καὶ φυγὰς καὶ θανάτους οἴομαι προσήκειν ἡμῖν ὑπομένειν· πολὺ γὰρ κρεῖττον ἐν ταῖς δόξαις αἷς ἔχομεν τελευτῆσαι τὸν βίον μᾶλλον ἢ ζῆν ἐν ταῖς ἀτιμίαις, ἃς ληψόμεθα ποιήσαντες ἃ προστάττουσιν ἡμῖν. εἰ δὲ δεῖ μηδὲν ὑποστειλάμενον εἰπεῖν, αἱρετώτερον ἡμῖν ἐστιν ἀναστάτοις γενέσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ καταγελάστοις ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν. τοὺς γὰρ ἐν ἀξιώμασι καὶ φρονήμασι τηλικούτοις βεβιωκότας δυοῖν δεῖ θάτερον, ἢ πρωτεύειν ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἢ παντάπασιν ἀνῃρῆσθαι, μηδὲν ταπεινὸν διαπραξαμένους ἀλλὰ καλὴν τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ βίου ποιησαμένους.
90. Reflecting upon these things, we must not be faint of heart, nor follow the judgements of our allies, whom in former times we claimed the right to lead, but, having duly weighed the matter for ourselves, we should choose, not what is easiest for them, but what will be in keeping with Lacedaemon and with our achievements in the past. For not every people can adopt the same measures in the same situation, but each must follow the principles which from the very first they have made the foundation of their lives.
90. ἃ χρὴ διαλογισαμένους μὴ φιλοψυχεῖν, μηδʼ ἐπακολουθεῖν ταῖς τῶν συμμάχων γνώμαις, ὧν ἡγεῖσθαι πρότερον ἠξιοῦμεν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοὺς σκεψαμένους ἑλέσθαι μὴ τὸ τούτοις ῥᾷστον, ἀλλʼ ὃ πρέπον ἔσται τῇ Λακεδαίμονι καὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις ἡμῖν. περὶ γὰρ τῶν αὐτῶν οὐχ ὁμοίως ἅπασι βουλευτέον, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕκαστοι τοῦ βίου ποιήσωνται τὴν ὑπόθεσιν.
91. No one, for example, would reproach Epidaurians or Corinthians or Phliasians if they thought of nothing else than to escape destruction and save their own lives; we men of Lacedaemon, however, cannot seek our deliverance at all costs, but if to “safety” we cannot add “with honor,” then for us death with good repute is preferable; for those who lay claim to valor must make it the supreme object of their lives never to be found doing a shameful thing.
91. Ἐπιδαυρίοις μὲν γὰρ καὶ Κορινθίοις καὶ Φλιασίοις οὐδεὶς ἂν ἐπιπλήξειεν, εἰ μηδενὸς ἄλλου φροντίζοιεν ἢ τοῦ διαγενέσθαι καὶ περιποιῆσαι σφᾶς αὐτούς· Λακεδαιμονίους δʼ οὐχ οἷόν τʼ ἐστὶν ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν τὴν σωτηρίαν, ἀλλʼ ἂν μὴ προσῇ τὸ καλῶς τῷ σώζεσθαι, τὸν θάνατον ἡμῖν μετʼ εὐδοξίας αἱρετέον ἐστί. τοῖς γὰρ ἀρετῆς ἀμφισβητοῦσιν ὑπὲρ οὐδενὸς οὕτω σπουδαστέον, ὡς ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν φανῆναι πράττοντας.
92. But the cowardice of states is made manifest in deliberations like these no less than in the perils of war; for the greatest part of what takes place on the battle-field is due to fortune, but what is resolved upon here is a token of our very spirit. Wherefore we should strive for success in the measures to be adopted here with an emulation no less keen than we show in the lists of war.
92. εἰσὶ δʼ αἱ τῶν πόλεων κακίαι καταφανεῖς οὐχ ἧττον ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις βουλεύμασιν ἢ τοῖς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ κινδύνοις. τῶν μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖ γιγνομένων τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τῇ τύχῃ μέτεστι, τὸ δʼ ἐνθάδε γνωσθὲν αὐτῆς τῆς διανοίας σημεῖόν ἐστιν. ὥσθʼ ὁμοίως ἡμῖν φιλονικητέον ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐνθάδε ψηφισθησομένων, ὥσπερ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀγώνων.
93. I marvel at those who are willing to die for their personal glory, but have not the same feeling for the glory of the state, for which we may well suffer anything whatsoever to avoid bringing shame upon our city, nor should we permit it to abandon the post in which it was established by our forefathers. It is true that many difficulties and dangers beset us;
93. θαυμάζω δὲ τῶν ὑπὲρ μὲν τῆς ἰδίας δόξης ἀποθνήσκειν ἐθελόντων, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς κοινῆς μὴ τὴν αὐτὴν γνώμην ἐχόντων· ὑπὲρ ἧς ὁτιοῦν πάσχειν ἄξιον, ὥστε μὴ καταισχῦναι τὴν πόλιν, μηδὲ περιιδεῖν τὴν τάξιν λιποῦσαν, εἰς ἣν οἱ πατέρες κατέστησαν αὐτήν. πολλῶν δὲ πραγμάτων ἡμῖν καὶ δεινῶν ἐφεστώτων, ἃ δεῖ διαφυγεῖν, ἐκεῖνο μάλιστα φυλακτέον, ὅπως μηδὲν ἀνάνδρως φανησόμεθα διαπραττόμενοι μηδὲ συγχωροῦντες τοῖς πολεμίοις παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον.
94. these we must avoid, but first and foremost we should be careful that we are never found doing any cowardly deed or making any unjust concessions to the foe; for it would be shameful if we, who once were thought worthy to rule the Hellenes, should be seen carrying out their commands, and should fall so far below our forefathers that, while they were willing to die in order that they might dictate to others, we would not dare to hazard a battle in order that we might prevent others from dictating to us.
94. αἰσχρὸν γὰρ τοὺς ἄρξαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀξιωθέντας ὀφθῆναι τὸ προσταττόμενον ποιοῦντας, καὶ τοσοῦτον ἀπολειφθῆναι τῶν προγόνων, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνήσκειν, ἡμᾶς δʼ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ κελευόμενον μὴ τολμᾶν διακινδυνεύειν.
95. We may well be ashamed when we think of the Olympian and the other national assemblies, where every one of us used to be more envied and more admired than the athletes who carry off victories in the games. But who would dare attend them now, when instead of being honored he would be scorned, when instead of being sought out by all because of his valor, he would be conspicuous among all for his cowardice, and when, more than all this, he would see our slaves bringing from the land which our fathers bequeathed to us first-fruits of the harvest and sacrifices greater than our own, and would hear from their lips such taunts as you would expect from men who once were subjected to the strictest bondage but now have made a treaty with their masters on terms of equality?
95. ἄξιον δὲ καὶ τὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ τὰς ἄλλας αἰσχυνθῆναι πανηγύρεις, ἐν αἷς ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ζηλωτότερος ἦν καὶ θαυμαστότερος τῶν ἀθλητῶν τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι τὰς νίκας ἀναιρουμένων. εἰς ἃς τίς ἂν ἐλθεῖν τολμήσειεν, ἀντὶ μὲν τοῦ τιμᾶσθαι καταφρονηθησόμενος, ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ περίστατος ὑπὸ πάντων διʼ ἀρετὴν εἶναι περίβλεπτος ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ κακία γενησόμενος, ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις ὀψόμενος μὲν τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας ἧς οἱ πατέρες ἡμῖν κατέλιπον ἀπαρχὰς καὶ θυσίας μείζους ἡμῶν ποιουμένους, ἀκουσόμενος δʼ αὐτῶν τοιαύταις βλασφημίαις χρωμένων, οἵαις περ εἰκὸς τοὺς χαλεπώτερον μὲν τῶν ἄλλων δεδουλευκότας, ἐξ ἴσου δὲ νῦν τὰς συνθήκας τοῖς δεσπόταις πεποιημένους·
96. How keenly every one of us would smart under these insults no man alive could set forth in words.
96. ἐφʼ αἷς ἕκαστος ἡμῶν οὕτως ἂν ἀλγήσειεν, ὡς οὐδεὶς ἂν τῶν ζώντων διὰ λόγου δηλώσειεν.
97. These are the things about which we must take counsel, and we must not wait to indulge our resentment until that will no longer avail us, but must consider now how we may prevent such a disaster. For it is disgraceful that we, who in former times would not allow even free men the right of equal speech, are now openly tolerating licence of speech on the part of slaves.
97. ὑπὲρ ὧν χρὴ βουλεύεσθαι, καὶ μὴ τότʼ ἀγανακτεῖν ὅτʼ οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἔσται πλέον, ἀλλὰ νῦν σκοπεῖν ὅπως μηδὲν συμβήσεται τοιοῦτον. ὡς ἔστιν ἓν τῶν αἰσχρῶν πρότερον μὲν μηδὲ τὰς τῶν ἐλευθέρων ἰσηγορίας ἀνέχεσθαι, νῦν δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν δούλων παρρησίαν ὑπομένοντας φαίνεσθαι.
98. For thus we shall give ground for the suspicion that in time past we have been nothing at all but idle boasters, that by nature we are no different from the rest of mankind, and that the sternness and dignity of manner which we cultivate is not natural, but a mere pose. Let us, therefore, give no such occasion to those who are wont to speak ill of us, but let us endeavor to confute their words by patterning our actions after those of our forefathers.
98. δόξομεν γὰρ τὸν παρελθόντα χρόνον ἀλαζονεύεσθαι, καὶ τὴν μὲν φύσιν ὅμοιοι τοῖς ἄλλοις εἶναι, ταῖς δʼ αὐθαδείαις καὶ ταῖς σεμνότησιν οὐκ ἀληθιναῖς ἀλλὰ πεπλασμέναις κεχρῆσθαι. μηδὲν οὖν ἐνδῶμεν τοιοῦτον τοῖς εἰθισμένοις ἡμᾶς κακολογεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν ἐξελέγξαι πειραθῶμεν, ὅμοιοι γενόμενοι τοῖς τῶν προγόνων ἔργοις.
99. Remember the men who at Dipaea fought against the Arcadians, of whom we are told that, albeit they stood arrayed with but a single line of soldiery, they raised a trophy over thousands upon thousands; remember the three hundred who at Thyrea defeated the whole Argive force in battle; remember the thousand who went to meet the foe at Thermopylae, who, although they engaged seven hundred thousand of the barbarians, did not flee nor suffer defeat, but laid down their lives on the spot where they were stationed, acquitting themselves so nobly that even those who eulogize them with all the resources of art can find no praises equal to their valor.
99. ἀναμνήσθητε δὲ τῶν ἐν Διπαίᾳ πρὸς Ἀρκάδας ἀγωνισαμένων, οὕς φασιν ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἀσπίδος παραταξαμένους τρόπαιον στῆσαι πολλῶν μυριάδων, καὶ τῶν τριακοσίων τῶν ἐν Θυρέαις ἅπαντας Ἀργείους μάχῃ νικησάντων, καὶ τῶν χιλίων τῶν εἰς Θερμοπύλας ἀπαντησάντων, οἳ πρὸς ἑβδομήκοντα μυριάδας τῶν βαρβάρων συμβαλόντες οὐκ ἔφυγον οὐδʼ ἡττήθησαν, ἀλλʼ ἐνταῦθα τὸν βίον ἐτελεύτησαν οὗ περ ἐτάχθησαν, τοιούτους αὑτοὺς παρασχόντες ὥστε τοὺς μετὰ τέχνης ἐγκωμιάζοντας μὴ δύνασθαι τοὺς ἐπαίνους ἐξισῶσαι ταῖς ἐκείνων ἀρεταῖς.
101. Let us, then, remembering all these things, take up the war with greater vigor, and let us not delay in the expectation that others will remedy our present misfortunes, but since these have occurred in our own time, let us ourselves endeavor also to end them. It is just in such emergencies as these that men of worth must show their superiority;
101. ἁπάντων οὖν τούτων ἀναμνησθέντες ἐρρωμενέστερον ἀντιλαβώμεθα τοῦ πολέμου, καὶ μὴ περιμένωμεν ὡς ἄλλων τινῶν τὰς παρούσας ἀτυχίας ἰασομένων, ἀλλʼ ἐπειδή περ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν γεγόνασιν, ἡμεῖς αὐτὰς καὶ διαλῦσαι πειραθῶμεν. χρὴ δὲ τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις καιροῖς φαίνεσθαι διαφέροντας·
102. for prosperity helps to hide the baseness even of inferior men, but adversity speedily reveals every man as he really is; and in adversity we of Sparta must show whether we have been in any wise better nurtured and trained to valor than the rest of mankind.
102. αἱ μὲν γὰρ εὐτυχίαι καὶ τοῖς φαύλοις τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὰς κακίας συγκρύπτουσιν, αἱ δὲ δυσπραξίαι ταχέως καταφανεῖς ποιοῦσιν, ὁποῖοί τινες ἕκαστοι τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες· ἐν αἷς ἡμῖν ἐπιδεικτέον ἐστίν, εἴ τι τῶν ἄλλων ἄμεινον τεθράμμεθα καὶ πεπαιδεύμεθα πρὸς ἀρετήν.
103. But indeed we are in no wise without hope that out of our present misfortunes may come a happy issue. For you are, I am sure, not unaware that ere now many events have occurred of such a nature that, at first, all regarded them as calamities and sympathized with those on whom they had fallen, while later everyone came to see that these same reverses had brought about the greatest blessings.
103. ἔστι δʼ οὐδὲν ἀνέλπιστον ἐκ τῶν νῦν παρόντων συμβῆναί τι τῶν δεόντων ἡμῖν. οἶμαι γὰρ ὑμᾶς οὐκ ἀγνοεῖν ὅτι πολλαὶ πράξεις ἤδη τοιαῦται γεγόνασιν, ἃς ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν ἅπαντες ὑπέλαβον εἶναι συμφοράς, καὶ τοῖς παθοῦσι συνηχθέσθησαν, ὕστερον δὲ τὰς αὐτὰς ταύτας ἔγνωσαν μεγίστων ἀγαθῶν αἰτίας γεγενημένας.
104. But why need I mention remote instances? Even now we should find that those states which are foremost—Athens and Thebes, I mean—have not derived their great progress from peace, but that, on the contrary, it was in consequence of their recovery from previous reverses in war that one of them was made leader of the Hellenes, while the other has at the present time become a greater state than anyone ever expected she would be. Indeed, honors and distinctions are wont to be gained, not by repose, but by struggle, and these we should strive to win, sparing neither our bodies nor our lives nor anything else which we possess.
104. καὶ τί δεῖ τὰ πόρρω λέγειν; ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν τὰς πόλεις τάς γε πρωτευούσας, λέγω δὲ τὴν Ἀθηναίων καὶ Θηβαίων, εὕροιμεν ἂν οὐκ ἐκ τῆς εἰρήνης μεγάλην ἐπίδοσιν λαβούσας, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὧν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ προδυστυχήσασαι πάλιν αὑτὰς ἀνέλαβον, ἐκ δὲ τούτων τὴν μὲν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Ἑλλήνων καταστᾶσαν, τὴν δʼ ἐν τῷ παρόντι τηλικαύτην γεγενημένην ὅσην οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ ἔσεσθαι προσεδόκησεν· αἱ γὰρ ἐπιφάνειαι καὶ λαμπρότητες οὐκ ἐκ τῆς ἡσυχίας ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἀγώνων γίγνεσθαι φιλοῦσιν.
105. For if we succeed, and are able to raise our city again to the eminence from which she has fallen, we shall be more admired than our ancestors, and shall not only leave to our descendants no opportunity to surpass our valor, but shall make those who wish to sing our praise despair of saying anything equal to our achievements.
105. ὧν ἡμᾶς ὀρέγεσθαι προσήκει, μήτε τῶν σωμάτων μήτε τῆς ψυχῆς μήτε τῶν ἄλλων ὧν ἔχομεν μηδενὸς φειδομένους. ἢν γὰρ κατορθώσωμεν καὶ τὴν πόλιν εἰς ταὐτὸ καταστῆσαι δυνηθῶμεν, ἐξ ὧνπερ ἐκπέπτωκε, καὶ τῶν προγεγενημένων μᾶλλον θαυμασθησόμεθα, καὶ τοῖς ἐπιγιγνομένοις οὐδεμίαν ὑπερβολὴν ἀνδραγαθίας καταλείψομεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους εὐλογεῖν ἡμᾶς ἀπορεῖν ποιήσομεν, ὅ τι τῶν πεπραγμένων ἡμῖν ἄξιον ἐροῦσιν.
106. Nor must you forget that the attention of the whole world is fixed upon this assembly and on the decision which you shall reach here. Let each one of you, therefore, govern his thoughts as one who is giving an account of his own character in a public theater, as it were, before the assembled Hellenes.
106. δεῖ δὲ μηδὲ τοῦτο λανθάνειν ὑμᾶς, ὅτι πάντες τῷ συλλόγῳ τούτῳ καὶ τοῖς γνωσθησομένοις ὑφʼ ἡμῶν προσέχουσι τὸν νοῦν. ὥσπερ οὖν ἐν κοινῷ θεάτρῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων διδοὺς ἔλεγχον ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως, οὕτω διακείσθω τὴν γνώμην.
107. Now it is a simple matter to reach a wise decision on this question. For if we are willing to die for our just rights, not only shall we gain renown, but in time to come we shall be able to live securely; but if we show that we are afraid of danger, we shall plunge ourselves into endless confusion.
107. ἔστι δʼ ἁπλοῦν τὸ καλῶς βουλεύσασθαι περὶ τούτων. ἢν μὲν γὰρ ἐθέλωμεν ἀποθνήσκειν ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων. οὐ μόνον εὐδοκιμήσομεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον ἀσφαλῶς ἡμῖν ἐξέσται ζῆν· εἰ δὲ φοβησόμεθα τοὺς κινδύνους, εἰς πολλὰς ταραχὰς καταστήσομεν ἡμᾶς αὐτούς.
108. Let us, therefore, challenge one another to pay back to our fatherland the price of our nurture, and not suffer Lacedaemon to be outraged and contemned, nor cause those who are friendly to us to be cheated of their hopes, nor let it appear that we value life more highly than the esteem of all the world, always remembering that it is a nobler thing to exchange a mortal body for immortal glory, and to purchase with a life which at best we shall retain for only a few years a fame which will abide with our descendants throughout all the ages —a far nobler course than to cling greedily to a little span of life and cover ourselves with great disgrace!
108. παρακαλέσαντες οὖν ἀλλήλους ἀποδῶμεν τὰ τροφεῖα τῇ πατρίδι, καὶ μὴ περιίδωμεν ὑβρισθεῖσαν τὴν Λακεδαίμονα καὶ καταφρονηθεῖσαν, μηδὲ ψευσθῆναι ποιήσωμεν τῶν ἐλπίδων τοὺς εὔνους ἡμῖν ὄντας, μηδὲ περὶ πλείονος φανῶμεν ποιούμενοι τὸ ζῆν τοῦ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκιμεῖν, ἐνθυμηθέντες ὅτι κάλλιόν ἐστιν ἀντὶ θνητοῦ σώματος ἀθάνατον δόξαν ἀντικαταλλάξασθαι, καὶ ψυχῆς ἣν οὐχ ἕξομεν ὀλίγων ἐτῶν πρίασθαι τοιαύτην εὔκλειαν ἣ πάντα τὸν αἰῶνα τοῖς ἐξ ἡμῶν γενομένοις παραμενεῖ, πολὺ μᾶλλον ἢ μικροῦ χρόνου γλιχομένους μεγάλαις αἰσχύναις ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς περιβαλεῖν.
110. But I think that you would most of all be aroused to prosecute the war if in imagination you could see your parents and your children standing, as it were, beside you, the former exhorting you not to disgrace the name of Sparta, nor the laws under which we were reared, nor the memory of the battles fought in their time; the latter demanding the restoration of the country which their forefathers bequeathed to them, together with the dominion and the leadership among the Hellenes which we ourselves received from our fathers. Not a word could we say in answer; never could we deny the justice of either plea.
110. ἡγοῦμαι δʼ οὕτως ἂν ὑμᾶς μάλιστα παροξυνθῆναι πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, εἰ ταῖς διανοίαις ὥσπερ παρεστῶτας ἴδοιτε τοὺς γονέας καὶ τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ὑμετέρους αὐτῶν, τοὺς μὲν παρακελευομένους μὴ καταισχῦναι τὸ τῆς Σπάρτης ὄνομα, μηδὲ τοὺς νόμους ἐν οἷς ἐπαιδεύθημεν, μηδὲ τὰς μάχας τὰς ἐφʼ αὑτῶν γενομένας, τοὺς δʼ ἀπαιτοῦντας τὴν χώραν ἣν οἱ πρόγονοι κατέλιπον, καὶ τὴν δυναστείαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι, καὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἥνπερ αὐτοὶ παρὰ τῶν πατέρων παρελάβομεν· πρὸς οὓς οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοιμεν εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐκ ἀμφότεροι δίκαια τυγχάνουσι λέγοντες.
111. I do not know what more I need to add, save only this much—that while numberless wars and dangers have fallen to the lot of Sparta, the enemy have never yet raised a trophy over us when a king from my house was our leader. And prudent men, when they have leaders under whom they win success in their battles, should also give heed to them, in preference to all others, when they give counsel regarding impending wars.
111. οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι δεῖ μακρολογεῖν, πλὴν τοσοῦτον, ὡς πλείστων τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ πολέμων καὶ κινδύνων γεγενημένων οὐδεπώποθʼ οἱ πολέμιοι τρόπαιον ἡμῶν ἔστησαν ἡγουμένου βασιλέως ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας τῆς ἡμετέρας. ἔστι δὲ νοῦν ἐχόντων ἀνδρῶν, οἷσπερ ἂν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις ἡγεμόσι χρώμενοι κατορθῶσι, τούτοις καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων κινδύνων συμβουλεύουσι μᾶλλον ἢ τοῖς ἄλλοις πείθεσθαι.