31.4. the former occasion envy had made him wish to thwart the bravery of others; he would have stripped the most willing of soldiers of their arms, that they might be unable to use them in his absence. present his rage and resentment were due to this, that his troops, though lacking the help of Lucius Papirius, had lacked neither swords nor hands to wield them, and that Quintus Fabius had regarded himself as master of the horse, and not as the dictator's orderly.
31.4. et nunc id furere, id aegre pati, quod sine L. Papirio non inermes, non manci milites fuerint, quod se Q. Fabius magistrum equitum duxerit ac non accensum dictatoris.
31.5. would he have done, had the chances of war and the common lot of armies resulted in defeat? the conquest of the enemy and a campaign so well directed that not even his own peerless leadership could have bettered it, he was now threatening the master of the horse with punishment, victorious though he was.
31.5. illum facturum fuisse, si, quod belli casus ferunt Marsque communis, adversa pugna evenisset, qui sibi devictis hostibus, re publica bene gesta, ita ut non ab illo unico duce melius geri potuerit, supplicium magistro equitum tunc victori minetur?
31.6. that matter, he was no angrier with the master of the horse than with the tribunes of the soldiers, the centurions, and the men. he been able, he would have vented his rage upon them all: this being imposible, he was pouring it out on one.
31.6. illum magistro equitum infestiorem quam tribunis militum, quam centurionibus, quam militibus esse. posset, in omnes saeviturum fuisse:
31.7. The truth is that envy, like lightning, seeks out the highest places; he was hurling himself upon the head of their counsels, upon their general; should he succeed in destroying Fabius, and with him the glory of their achievement, he would then follow up his victory —as though lording it over a captured army —and would visit upon the soldiers all the cruelty he had been permitted to inflict upon the master of the horse.
31.7. quia id nequeat, in unum saevire; etenim invidiam tamquam ignem summa petere; in caput consilii, in ducem incurrere; si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc tune victorem velut in capto exercitu dominantem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum.
31.8. them defend, he cried, the liberty of all by defending him. that same singleness of purpose which the army had displayed in battle should appear in the way they stood up for their victory and made one man's safety the safety of them all, the dictator would incline his heart to a more merciful determination.
31.8. adessent in sua causa omnium libertati. consensum exercitus eundem qui in proelio fuerit in tuenda victoria videat et salutem unius omnibus curae esse, inclinaturum ad clementiorem sententiam animum.
31.9. ended by committing himself, his life, and his fortunes to their loyalty and valour. shout arose from the whole concourse, bidding him be of good courage; no one, they cried, should do him violence, while the Roman legions were safe. long after came the dictator, and forthwith by sound of trumpet summoned an assembly. a herald, having obtained silence, cited Quintus Fabius the master of the horse, who was no sooner come up from below to the tribunal, than the dictator cried out:
31.9. se vitam fortunasque suas illorum fidei virtutique permittere. e tota contione ortus, uti bonum animum haberet: neminem illi vim allaturum salvis legionibus Romanis. multo post dictator advenit classicoque extemplo ad contionem advocavit. silentio facto praeco Q. Fabium magistrum equitum citavit. simul ex inferiore loco ad tribunal accessit, tum dictator inquit, de te, Q.
32.3. “ask you, Quintus Fabius, seeing that the dictator's authority is paramount, and the consuls obey him, though they possess the might of kings, and the praetors, too, who have been elected under the same auspices with the consuls, whether or no you deem it to be reasonable that the master of the horse should hearken to his word;”
32.3. Fabi, cum summum imperium dictatoris sit pareantque ei consules, regia potestas, praetores, iisdem auspiciis quibus consules creati, aequum censeas necne, ei magistrum equitum dicto audientem esse;
32.4. “and I put this further question to you —whether, when I knew that I had set out from home with uncertain auspices, it was my duty, in view of our troubled relations with the gods, to jeopardize the public safety, or to seek auspices again, that I might take no steps while the will of Heaven was in doubt;”
32.4. itemque illud interrogo, cum me incertis auspiciis profectum ab domo scirem, utrum mihi turbatis religionibus res publica in discrimen committenda fuerit an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis dis agerem? illud, quae dictatori religio impedimento ad rem gerendam fuerit, num ea magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse?
32.5. “and I likewise ask whether that which a religious scruple has prevented the dictator from doing can be freely and unrestrainedly undertaken by the master of the horse. why do I put these questions, since, had I gone off without a word, nevertheless your thoughts should have been directed to the interpretation of my will?”
32.5. quid ego haec interrogo, cum, si ego tacitus abissem, tamen tibi ad voluntatis interpretationem meae dirigenda tua sententia fuerit?
32.6. “, answer me: Did I forbid you to take any measures in my absence? I forbid you to engage the enemy?”
32.6. tu respondes, vetuerimne te quicquam rei me absente agere, vetuerimne signa cum hostibus conferre?
32.7. “you spurned this order; and notwithstanding the uncertainty of the auspices and our uneasy scruples, you had the hardihood, against all military precedent, and the discipline of our fathers, and the divine will of the gods, to encounter with the enemy.”
32.7. tu imperio meo spreto, incertis auspiciis, turbatis religionibus adversus morem militarem disciplinamque maiorum et numen deorum ausus es cum hoste confligere.
32.8. “these questions I have put to you; but have a care that you utter no word besides' Stand ready, lictor.” answer the separate indictments was far from easy.
32.8. haec quae interrogatus es responde; at extra ea cave vocem mittas., lictor.
32.9. complaining that the same man was his accuser and his judge in a matter of life and death, and again crying out that he could more easily be robbed of his life than of the glory of his deeds, he defended himself and accused the general by turns, until Papirius in a fresh burst of anger bade them strip the master of the horse and make ready rods and axes.
32.9. singula cum respondere haud facile esset, et nunc quereretur eundem accusatorem capitis sui ac iudicem esse, modo vitam sibi eripi citius quam gloriam rerum gestarum posse vociferaretur purgaretque se in vicem atque ultro accusaret, tunc Papirius redintegrata ira spoliari magistrum equitum ac virgas et secures expediri iussit.
32.11. Fabius, imploring the protection of the soldiers, escaped from the clutches of the lictors with his clothes in tatters, and sought refuge in the midst of the triarii, who were stirring up riot in the rear of the assembly.
32.11. Fabius fidem militum implorans lacerantibus vestem lictoribus ad triarios tumultum ultima in contione miscentes sese recepit.
32.12. the outcry spread to the entire host. one place were heard entreaties, in another threats. who chanced to be standing next to the tribunal, and being under the general's eyes were able to be marked by him, implored him to spare the master of the horse, and not condemn the army with him.
32.12. clamor in totam contionem est perlatus; alibi preces, alibi minae audiebantur. proximi forte tribunali steterant, quia subiecti oculis imperatoris noscitari poterant, orabant ut parceret magistro equitum, neu cum eo exercitum damnaret;
32.13. in the outskirts of the meeting, and the crowd that surrounded Fabius, railed at the dictator's cruelty, and were near to mutiny.
32.13. extrema contio et circa Fabium globus increpabant inclementem dictatorem nec procul seditione aberant. tribunal quidem satis quietum erat;
32.14. even the tribunal itself was quiet; the lieutenants, standing about the dictator's chair, besought him to put the matter off until the morrow and allow time for consideration and for his anger to cool;
32.14. legati circumstantes sellam orabant ut rem in posterum diem differret et irae suae spatium et consilio tempus daret:
32.15. he had sufficiently chastened the youth of Fabius, they said, and discredited his victory; it would not be well to carry out his punishment to the end, nor to fasten such humiliation upon a young man of extraordinary merit, nor on that most distinguished man, his father, and the Fabian family.
32.15. satis castigatam adulescentiam Fabi esse, satis deformatam victoriam; ne ad extremum finem supplicii tenderet, neu unico iuveni neu patri eius, clarissimo viro, neu Fabiae genti eam iniungeret ignominiam.
32.16. that neither prayers nor arguments did any good, they bade him look at the turmoil in the assembly; when the passions of the soldiers were so overwrought, it was not, they said, for one of his years and discretion to furnish fuel to the flames of mutiny;
32.16. parum precibus, parum causa proficerent, intueri saevientem contionem iubebant: ita inritatis militum animis subdere ignem ac materiam material seditioni non esse aetatis, non prudentiae eius;
32.17. no one would ascribe the fault to Quintus Fabius —who was but deprecating his own punishment —but all would blame the dictator, if, blinded with resentment, he should bring down the angry multitude upon himself by an ill —judged contention.
32.17. neminem id Q. Fabio poenam deprecanti suam vitio versurum, sed dictatori, si occaecatus ira infestam multitudinem in se pravo certamine movisset.
32.18. , that he might not suppose that they argued thus out of any personal regard for Fabius, they were ready, they said, to take an oath that it appeared to be inconsistent with the interests of the state that Quintus Fabius should then be punished.
32.18. , ne id se gratiae dare Q. Fabi crederet, se ius iurandum dare paratos esse non videri e re publica in Q. Fabium eo tempore animadverti. vocibus cum in se magis incitarent dictatorem quam magistro equitum placarent, iussi de tribunali descendere legati;
33.2. the lieutenants by these words rather stirred up the wrath of the dictator against themselves than lessened his rancour against the master of the horse, and he ordered them to go down from the tribunal. then sought by the mouth of a herald to procure silence, but without success, for the din and uproar were so great that it was impossible for the dictator himself or his attendants to be heard;
33.2. et silentio nequiquam per praeconem temptato, cum prae strepitu ac tumultu nec ipsius dictatoris nec apparitorum eius vox audiretur, nox velut in proelio certamini finem fecit.
33.3. and it was left for darkness, as though descending on a battle —field, to end the struggle. The master of the horse was commanded to appear next day; but since everyone assured him that Papirius would be more violent than ever, aroused as he was and exasperated by the opposition he had met with, he slipped out of the camp and fled to Rome.
33.3. equitum, iussus postero die adesse, cum omnes adfirmarent infestius Papirium exarsurum, agitatum contentione ipsa exacerbatumque, clam ex castris Romam profugit; et patre auctore M. Fabio, qui ter iam consul dictatorque fuerat, vocato extemplo senatu, cum maxime conquereretur apud patres vim atque iniuriam dictatoris, repente strepitus ante curiam lictorum summoventium auditur, et ipse infensus aderat, postquam comperit profectum ex castris, cum expedito equitatu secutus.
33.5. , with the approval of his father, who had thrice been consul, and dictator to boot, he at once assembled the senate, and had reached, in his speech to the senators, the very point where he was complaining of the violence and injury offered him by the dictator, when a sudden noise was heard outside the Curia, as the lictors cleared the way, and Papirius himself, in high dudgeon, appeared before them; for he had learned of the other's departure from the camp, and taking a troop of light horse had pursued him. The dispute was now renewed, and the dictator ordered Fabius to be seized. the leading members and the senate as a body sought to pacify his wrath; but he would not relent, and persisted in his purpose. the father of the young man said: “as neither the senate's authority nor my old age —which you are going about to bereave —nor the merits and noble lineage of a master of the horse whom you yourself appointed, are of any weight with you, nor yet entreaties, which have often moved an enemy to mercy, which can persuade the gods to put away their anger, —I invoke the tribunes of the plebs, and appeal to the people; and since you would shun the judgment of your own army and shun the judgment of the senate, I propose to you a judge that singly has more might and power —be well assured —than has your dictatorship.”
33.5. deinde contentio, et prendi Fabium Papirius iussit. cum deprecantibus primoribus patrum atque universo senatu perstaret in incepto immitis animus, tum pater M. Fabius quidem inquit, apud te nec auctoritas senatus nec aetas mea, cui orbitatem paras, nec virtus nobilitasque magistri equitum a te ipso nominati valet nec preces, quae saepe hostem mitigavere, quae deorum iras placant, tribunos plebis appello et provoco ad populum eumque tibi, fugienti exercitus tui, fugienti senatus iudicium, iudicem fero, qui certe unus plus quam tua dictatura potest polletque., cessurusne provocationi sis, cui rex Romanus Tullus Hostilius cessit.
33.9. “shall see whether you will submit to an appeal to which a Roman king, Tullus Hostilius, submitted!” the senate —house, they repaired to the speaker's platform, which the dictator mounted with only a few attendants, while the master of the horse was accompanied thither by the whole body of the leading men.
33.9. curia in contionem itur. cum paucis dictator, cum omni agmine principum magister equitum cum escendisset, deduci eum de rostris Papirius in partem inferiorem inferiorern iussit. pater agis inquit, cum eo nos deduci iussisti, unde et privati vocem mittere possemus. primo non tam perpetuae orationes quam altercatio exaudiebatur;
33.11. Papirius bade Fabius be removed from the Rostra to the ground below; and his father followed him, exclaiming, “do well to bid us be removed to a place where even as private citizens we can say our say!”
33.11. vicit deinde strepitum vox et indignatio Fabi senis increpantis superbiam crudelitatemque Papiri:
33.12. first there were not so much set speeches to be heard above the tumult as an interchange of angry words.
33.12. se quoque dictatorem Romae fuisse, nec a se quemquam, ne plebis quidem hominem, non centurionem, non militem violatum;
33.13. presently the strong voice and the indignation of the elder Fabius prevailed over the din, as he inveighed against the pride and cruelty of Papirius. reminded him that he too had been dictator at Rome, and that no man —not even a plebeian, a centurion, or a common soldier —had been misused by him; but Papirius was seeking a victory and triumph over a Roman general, as if over commanders of the enemy.
33.13. Papirium tamquam ex hostium ducibus, sic ex Romano imperatore victoria et triumphum petere. interesse inter moderationem antiquorum et novam superbiam crudelitatemque!
33.14. great was the difference betwixt the moderation of the ancients and this new —fangled arrogance and ruthlessness!
33.14. Quinctium Cincinnatum in L. Minucium consulem ex obsidione a se ereptum non ultra saevisse quam ut legatum eum ad exercitum pro consule relinqueret.
33.15. Quinctius Cincinnatus had been dictator, and had rescued the consul Lucius Minucius from the toils of the enemy, his anger had gone no further than to leave Minucius in command of the army as his lieutenant, in place of being consul. Marcus Furius Camillus, when Lucius Furius, in contempt of his great age and his authority, had fought a battle, with the direst results, not only controlled his indignation at the moment and made no animadversions upon his colleague in writing to the senate or the people, but, on being permitted by the senate, after his return, to choose a partner in command, selected Lucius Furius in preference to all the other consular tribunes, his associates.
33.15. M. Furium Camillum in L. Furio, qui contempta sua senectute et auctoritate foedissimo cum eventu pugnasset, non solum in praesentia moderatum irae esse, ne quid de collega secus populo aut senatui scriberet, sed cum revertisset, potissimum ex tribunis consularibus habuisse quem ex collegis optione ab senatu data socium sibi imperii deligeret.
33.17. to the people, who had all power in their hands, their indignation against those who by recklessness or lack of skill had lost their armies had never burned so fiercely that they punished them with anything worse than a fine; a capital charge on account of a defeat had never until that day been lodged against a general.
33.17. populi quidem, penes quem potestas omnium rerum esset, ne iram quidem unquam atrociorem fuisse in eos qui temeritate atque inscitia exercitus amisissent quam ut pecunia eos multaret: capite anquisitum ob rem bello male gestam de imperatore nullo ad eam diem esse.
33.18. now the generals of the Roman People, who even if beaten might not be so dealt with without sin, were, despite their victories and their well —earned title to a triumph, being threatened with scourging and decapitation.
33.18. ducibus populi Romani, quae ne victis quidem bello fas fuerit, virgas et secures victoribus et iustissimos meritis triumphos intentari.
33.19. , pray, would his son have suffered, if he had lost his army, if he had been discomfited, routed, and driven from his camp? what higher pitch could the passionate violence of Papirius have mounted than to scourge him and put him to death?
33.19. enim tandem passurum fuisse filium suum, si exercitum amisisset, si fusus, fugatus, castris exutus fuisset? ultra iram violentiamque eius excessuram fuisse, quam ut verberaret necaretque?
33.20. proper it was that because of Quintus Fabius the citizens should exult in victory with thanksgivings and rejoicings; while he on whose account the shrines of the gods were open, and the altars smoked with sacrifices and were heaped high with incense and with offerings, should be stripped and mangled with rods in full sight of the Roman People, as he looked up to the Capitol and the Citadel and the gods whose help in battle he had twice invoked, and not in vain!
33.20. conveniens esse, propter Q. Fabium civitatem in laetitia victoria supplicationibus ac gratulationibus esse, eum propter quem deum delubra pateant, arae sacrificiis fument, honore donis cumulentur, nudatum virgis lacerari in conspectu populi Romani, intuentem Capitolium atque arcem deosque ab se duobus proeliis haud frustra advocatos!
33.22. what spirit would this be taken by the army, which under his conduct and his auspices had gained the victory? grief would there be in the Roman camp, what rejoicings amongst their enemies!
33.22. id animo exercitum, qui eius ductu auspiciisque vicisset, laturum? luctum in castris Romanis, quam laetitiam inter hostes fore!
33.23. he made his plea, now chiding and now complaining, now calling on gods and men to help him, now bursting into tears, as he embraced his son.
33.23. simul iurgans, querens, deum hominumque fidem obtestans et complexus filium, plurimis cum lacrimis agebat. cum eo senatus maiestas, favor populi, tribunicium auxilium, memoria absentis exercitus;
34.2. his side were ranged the countenance of the senate, the favour of the populace, the assistance of the tribunes, the remembrance of the absent army. opponent urged the invincible authority of the Roman People, and military discipline, and the edict of a dictator —which had ever been revered as the will of Heaven —and the severity of Manlius, who had preferred the general good to the love he bore his son, even as Lucius Brutus, the founder of Roman liberty, had done before, in the case of his two children.
34.2. ex parte altera imperium invictum populi Romani et disciplina rei militaris et dictatoris edictum pro numine semper observatum et Manliana imperia et posthabita filii caritas publicae utilitati iactabantur:
34.3. nowadays —the dictator proceeded —fathers were indulgent; and the older generation, little caring if another man's authority were flouted, excused the young for overturning military discipline, as a thing of no importance.
34.3. hoc etiam L. Brutum, conditorem Romanae libertatis, antea in duobus liberis fecisse; nunc patres comes et senes faciles de alieno imperio spreto, tamquam rei parvae, disciplinae militaris eversae iuventuti gratiam facere.
34.4. should nevertheless persist in his undertaking, nor remit an iota of his due punishment to one who had fought against his orders, while the rites of religion were confused and the auspices uncertain.
34.4. tamen perstaturum in incepto, nec ei qui adversus dictum suum turbatis religionibus ac dubiis auspiciis pugnasset quicquam ex iusta poena remissurum.
34.5. the majesty of the supreme authority were to endure or not was beyond his power to determine; but Lucius Papirius would do nothing to diminish it.
34.5. imperii perpetuane esset non esse in sua potestate:
34.6. prayed that the tribunes might not employ their power —itself inviolate —to violate by their interference the authority of Rome; that the people might not single out the very time of his holding that office to extinguish the lawful might of the dictatorship.
34.6. L. Papirium nihil de eius iure deminuturum; optare ne potestas tribunicia, inviolata ipsa, violet intercessione sua Romanum imperium, neu populus in se potissimum dictatore vim et ius dictaturae exstinguat.
34.7. they do so, it would not be Lucius Papirius, but the tribunes and the crooked judgment of the people, that posterity would censure, and censure without avail. let military discipline be once broken, and soldier would not obey centurion, nor centurion tribune, nor tribune lieutenant, nor lieutenant consul, nor master of the horse dictator —none would have respect for men, none reverence for the gods;
34.7. si fecisset, non L. Papirium sed tribunos, sed pravum populi iudicium nequiquam posteros accusaturos, cum polluta semel militari disciplina non miles centurionis, non centurio tribuni, non tribunus legati, non legatus consulis, non magister equitum dictatoris pareat imperio, nemo hominum, nemo deorum verecundiam habeat, non edicta imperatorum, non auspicia observentur, sine commeatu vagi milites in pacato, in hostico errent,
34.9. neither edicts of generals nor auspices would be regarded; the soldiers, without leave, would roam in hostile as in peaceful territory; with no thought of their oath they would quit the service by their own permission, when they pleased; the standards would be deserted, the men would not come together at command; they would fight without reference to night or day, to the advantage or disadvantage of the ground, to the orders or prohibition of the general; they would neither wait for the word nor keep to their ranks; blind and haphazard brigandage would supplant the time —honoured and hallowed ways of war.
34.9. immemores sacramenti licentia sua se ubi velint exauctorent, infrequentia deserantur signa neque conveniatur ad edictum nec discernatur interdiu nocte, aequo iniquo loco, iussu iniussu imperatoris pugnent, et non signa, non ordines servent, latrocinii modo caeca et fortuita pro sollemni et sacrata militia sit;
34.11. — “such charges, tribunes of the plebs, expose yourselves to be arraigned through all the ages! your own heads bear the guilt of the licence of Quintus Fabis!” The tribunes were dumbfounded, more troubled now on their own account than on his, for whom their help was being solicited; but the Roman People relieved them of their burden of responsibility, when they turned as one man to the dictator, and entreated and adjured him to remit for their sake the punishment of the master of the horse. The tribunes, too, fell in with the prevailing mood, and earnestly besought Papirius to allow for human frailty, to allow for the youth of Quintus Fabius, who had suffered punishment enough.
34.11. — criminum vos reos in omnia saecula offerte, tribuni plebi, vestra obnoxia capita pro licentia Q. Fabi obicite. tribunos et suam iam vicem magis anxios quam eius cui auxilium ab se petebatur, liberavit onere consensus populi Romani, ad preces et obtestationem versus, ut sibi poenam magistri equitum dictator remitteret. quoque inclinatam rem in preces subsecuti orare dictatorem insistunt ut veniam errori humano, veniam adulescentiae Q. Fabi daret; satis eum poenarum dedisse.
35.3. the young man himself, now his father Marcus Fabius, forgetting all contention, threw themselves down at the dictator's knees and attempted to avert his anger.
35.3. ipse adulescens, iam pater M. Fabius, contentionis obliti procumbere ad genua et iram deprecari dictatoris.
35.4. said the dictator, when silence was obtained, “is well, Quirites. The discipline of war, the majesty of government, have got the victory, despite the danger that this day would see the end of them.”
35.4. dictator silentio facto habet inquit, Quirites. Vicit disciplina militaris, vicit imperii maiestas, quae in discrimine fuerunt an ulla post hanc diem essent.
35.5. “Quintus Fabius is not found guiltless, seeing that he fought against the orders of his general; but, convicted of that guilt, is granted as a boon to the Roman People, is granted to the authority of the tribunes, who plead for him but can bring him no legal relief.”
35.5. noxae eximitur Q. Fabius, qui contra edictum imperatoris pugnavit, sed noxae damnatus donatur populo Romano, donatur tribuniciae potestati precarium non iustum auxilium ferenti.
35.6. “, Quintus Fabius, more blest in this consent of your fellow citizens to save you, than in the victory over which, a little while ago, you were exulting!, though you dared a deed which not even your sire would have pardoned, had he been in the place of Lucius Papirius!”
35.6. , Q. Fabi, felicior hoc consensu civitatis ad tuendum te quam qua paulo ante exsultabas victoria; vive, id facinus ausus cuius tibi ne parens quidem, si eodem loco fuisset quo fuit L. Papirius, veniam dedisset.
35.7. “me you shall again be on good terms when you will; for the Roman People, to whom you owe your life, you can do nothing greater than to show that you have learned what this day clearly teaches —to submit in war and in peace to lawful authority.”
35.7. , ut voles, reverteris in gratiam; populo Romano, cui vitam debes, nihil maius praestiteris quam si hic tibi dies satis documenti dederit ut bello ac pace pati legitima imperia imperial possis.
35.8. , declaring that the master of the horse was free to depart, he descended from the platform, and the joyful senators and yet more joyful people thronged about them and attended them, congratulating now the master of the horse and now the dictator.
35.8. se nihil morari magistrum equitum pronuntiasset, degressum eum templo laetus senatus, laetior populus, circumfusi ac gratulantes hinc hine magistro equitum, hinc dictatori, prosecuti sunt, firmatumque imperium militare haud hand minus periculo Q.
35.9. seemed that the peril of Fabius had been not less efficacious than the pitiful punishment of young Manlius in the establishment of military authority.
35.9. Fabi quam supplicio miserabili adulescentis Manli videbatur.
35.10. so fell out that year, that as often as the dictator left the army, there was a rising of the enemy in Samnium. with the example of Quintus Fabius before his eyes, Marcus Valerius, the lieutenant who commanded in the camp, could not fear any violence of the enemy more than the dread displeasure of the dictator.
35.10. ita eo anno evenit ut quotienscumque dictator ab exercitu recessisset, hostes in Samnio moverentur. in oculis exemplum erat Q. Fabius M. Valerio legato, qui castris praeerat, ne quam vim hostium magis quam trucem dictatoris iram timeret.
35.11. so when a party of foragers had fallen into an ambush and fighting at a disadvantage had been slain, it was commonly believed that the lieutenant might have rescued them, had he not quailed at the thought of those harsh orders.
35.11. frumentatores cum circumventi ex insidiis caesi loco iniquo essent, creditum volgo est subveniri eis ab legato potuisse, ni tristia edicta exhorruisset.
35.12. resentment of this still further estranged the soldiers from the dictator, angry as they already were at his unwillingness to pardon Quintus Fabius, and his having granted to the Roman People a boon he had denied to their own entreaties. the dictator had set Lucius Papirius Crassus over the City and had forbidden Quintus Fabius, the master of the horse, to exercise his magistracy in any way, he returned to the camp, where his arrival occasioned no great satisfaction to the Romans nor the slightest apprehension to their enemies. on the following day, whether unaware that the dictator was come or caring little whether he were there or not, the Samnites formed in order of battle and approached the camp.
35.12. quoque ira alienavit a dictatore militum animos, iam ante infensos, quod implacabilis Q. Fabio fuisset et, quod suis precibus negasset, eius populo Romano veniam dedisset. dictator praeposito in urbe L. Papirio Crasso, magistro equitum Q. Fabio vetito quicquam pro magistratu agere, in castra rediit, neque civibus satis laetus adventus eius fuit nec hostibus quicquam attulit terroris. postero die, seu ignari venisse dictatorem seu adesset an abesset parvi facientes, instructa acie ad castra accesserunt.
36.3. great however was the importance of one man, Lucius Papirius, that if the goodwill of the soldiers had seconded the measures taken by their general, it was held as certain that the war with Samnium might that day have been brought to a successful termination —so skilfully did he dispose his army, so well secure it with every advantage of position and reserves, and with every military art.
36.3. tantum momenti in uno viro L. Papirio fuit ut, si ducis consilia favor subsecutus militum foret, debellari eo die cum Samnitibus potuisse pro haud dubio habitum sit;
36.4. the men were listless, and, on purpose to discredit their commander, threw away the victory. were more Samnites killed, more Romans wounded.
36.4. ita instruxit aciem, ita loco ac subsidiis, ita omni arte bellica firmavit; cessatum a milite ac de industria, ut obtrectaretur laudibus ducis, impedita victoria est. Samnitium cecidere, plures Romani volnerati sunt.
36.5. The experienced general perceived what stood in the way of his success: he must qualify his native disposition, and mingle geniality with his sternness.
36.5. peritus dux quae res victoriae obstaret: temperandum ingenium suum esse et severitatem miscendam comitati.
36.6. , calling together his lieutenants, he made the round of his wounded soldiers in person, and putting his head into their tents and asking each how he was doing, he commended them by name to the care of the lieutenants, the tribunes, and the prefects.
36.6. adhibitis legatis ipse circuit saucios milites, inserens in tentoria caput, singulosque ut sese haberent rogitans curam eorum nominatim norinatim legatis tribunisque et praefectis demandabat.
36.7. of itself was a popular thing to do, and Papirius managed it with such tact, that in healing their bodies he gained their affections much more rapidly; and indeed there was nothing that more promoted their recovery than the pleasurable feelings with which they accepted these attentions.
36.7. per se popularem ita dextere egit ut medendis corporibus animi multo prius militum imperatori reconciliarentur, nec quicquam ad salubritatem efficacius fuerit quam quod grato animo ea cura accepta est.
36.8. the army was restored, he met the enemy, with no doubt as to the result, either on his own part or on that of his soldiers, and so routed and dispersed the Samnites that this was the last time they joined battle with the dictator.
36.8. exercitu cum hoste congressus, haud dubia spe sua militumque, ita fudit fugavitque Samnites, ut ille ultimus eis dies conferendi signa cum dictatore fuerit.
36.9. The victorious army then marched on where the prospect of booty beckoned them, and traversed the territories of the enemy without encountering any armed resistance whatsoever, either face to face or from an ambush.
36.9. deinde qua duxit praedae spes victor exercitus perlustravitque hostium agros, nulla arma, nullam vim nec apertam nec ex insidiis expertus.
36.10. The dictator had increased the alacrity of his troops by proclaiming that the booty should all be theirs, and private gain did as much as the public resentment to whet their zeal against the enemy.
36.10. alacritatem quod dictator praedam omnem edixerat militibus; nec ira magis publica quam privatum compendium in hostem acuebat.
36.11. by these reverses, the Samnites sought peace of Papirius, and agreed with him to give every soldier a garment and a year's pay. directed them to go before the senate, but they replied that they would attend him thither, committing their cause wholly to his honour and integrity. the army was withdrawn from Samnium.
36.11. cladibus subacti Samnites pacem a dictatore petiere; cum quo pacti, ut singula vestimenta militibus et annuum stipendium darent, cum ire ad senatum iussi essent, secuturos se dictatorem responderunt, unius eius fidei virtutique causam suam commendantes. deductus ex Samnitibus exercitus. triumphans urbem est ingressus; et cum se dictatura abdicare vellet, iussu patrum, priusquam abdicaret, consules creavit C. Sulpicium Longum iterum Q. Aemilium Cerretanum.
37.2. The dictator, having entered the City in triumph, would have laid down his office, but was commanded by the senate first to hold a consular election; he announced that Gaius Sulpicius Longus had been chosen for the second time, together with Quintus Aemilius Cerretanus. The treaty was not completed, owing to a disagreement over terms, and the Samnites left the City with a truce for a year; nor did they scrupulously hold even to that; so encouraged were they to make war, on learning that Papirius had resigned.
37.2. Samnites infecta pace, quia de condicionibus ambigebatur, indutias annuas ab urbe rettulerunt. earumipsarum sancta fides fuit; adeo, postquam Papirium abisse magistratu nuntiatum est, arrecti ad bellandum animi sunt.
37.3. the consulship of Gaius Sulpicius and Quintus Aemilius —some annals have Aulius —the defection of the Samnites was followed by a new war with Apulia. were sent out in both directions.
37.3. C. Sulpicio Q. Aemilio—Aulium quidam annales habent—consulibus ad defectionem Samnitium Apulum novum bellum accessit. exercitus missi. Sulpicio Samnites, Apuli Aemilio sorte evenerunt.
37.4. The lots assigned the Samnites to Sulpicius, the Apulians to Aemilius. say that the war was not waged against the Apulians, but in defence of some of the allies of that people whom the Samnites had wantonly invaded;
37.4. qui non ipsis Apulis bellum inlatum, sed socios eius gentis populos ab Samnitium vi atque iniuriis defensos scribant;
37.5. but the circumstances of the Samnites, who at that time could hardly ward off invasion from themselves, render it more probable that they did not attack the Apulians but that they and the Apulians were at war with Rome simultaneously.
37.5. ceterum fortuna Samnitium, vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum, propius ut sit vero facit non Apulis ab Samnitibus arma inlata, sed cum utraque simul gente bellum Romanis fuisse.
37.6. was, however, no memorable engagement. The Romans laid waste Apulia and Samnium, without encountering the enemy in either country. Rome a nocturnal alarm awoke the sleeping citizens with such a fright that Capitol and Citadel, walls and gates, were crowded with armed men; and after all the hurrying to posts and crying “to arms!”
37.6. tamen res ulla memorabilis mnemorabilis acta; ager Apulus Samniumque Samnniumque evastatum; hostes nec hic nec illic inventi. Romae nocturnus terror ita ex somno trepidam repente civitatem excivit ut Capitolium atque arx moeniaque et portae plena armatorum fuerint;
37.7. in every quarter, day broke and discovered neither author nor occasion of the panic. the same year, the Tusculans were tried before the people in accordance with the Flavian rogation.
37.7. et cum concursatum clamatumque ad arma omnibus locis esset, prima luce nec auctor nec causa terroris comparuit.
37.8. Marcus Flavius, a plebeian tribune, had proposed to the people that the Tusculans be punished for having lent their countenance and aid to the Veliterni and Privernates in their war with the Roman People.
37.8. anno de Tusculanis Flavia rogatione populi fuit iudicium. M. Flavius tribunus plebis tulit ad populum ut in Tusculanos animadverteretur, quod eorum ope ac consilio Veliterni Privernatesque populo Romano bellum fecissent.
37.9. The citizens of Tusculum, with their wives and children, came to Rome; and the great throng, putting on the sordid raiment of defendants, went about amongst the tribes and clasped the knees of the citizens in supplication.
37.9. Tusculanus cum coniugibus ac liberis Romam venit. multitudo multitude veste mutata et specie reorum tribus circuit, genibus se omnium advolvens;
37.10. so it happened that pity was more effective in gaining them remission of their punishment than were their arguments in clearing away the charges.
37.10. plus itaque misericordia ad poenae veniam impetrandam quam causa ad crimen purgandum valuit.
37.11. the tribes rejected the proposal, save only the Pollian, which voted that the grown men should be scourged and put to death, and their wives and children sold at auction under the laws of war.
37.11. omnes praeter Polliam antiquarunt legem. sententia fuit puberes verberatos necari, coniuges liberosque sub corona lege belli venire.
37.12. seems that the resentment engendered in the Tusculans by so cruel a proposal lasted down to our fathers' time, and that a candidate of the Pollian tribe almost never got the vote of the Papirian. the following year, when Quintus Fabius and Lucius Fulvius were consuls, the dread of a serious war with the Samnites —who were said to have gathered an army of mercenaries from neighbouring tribes —occasioned the appointment of Aulus Cornelius Arvina as dictator and Marcus Fabius Ambustus as master of the horse. a vigorous levy these men raised an excellent army, and marching against the Samnites, went into camp on hostile soil with as little regard to their position as if the enemy had been far away. the Samnite legions appeared, and advancing with great hardihood entrenched themselves close to the Roman outposts.
37.12. eius irae Tusculanis in poenae tam atrocis auctores mansisse ad patrum aetatem constat, nec quemquam ferme ex Pollia tribu candidatum Papiriam ferre solitum. anno, Q. Fabio L. Fulvio consulibus, A. Cornelius Arvina dictator et M. Fabius Ambustus magister equitum metu gravioris in Samnio belli—conducta enim pretio a finitimis iuventus dicebatur—intentiore dilectu habito egregium exercitum adversus Samnites duxerunt. in hostico incuriose ita posita tamquam procul abesset hostis, cum subito advenere Samnitium legiones tanta ferocia ut vallum usque ad stationem Romanam inferrent.
38.3. was now drawing on, which prevented them from assaulting the Roman works; but they made no secret of their intention to do so with the morrow's earliest light.
38.3. iam appetebat; id prohibuit munimenta adoriri; nec dissimulabant orta luce postero die facturos.
38.4. The dictator saw that the battle was coming sooner than he had anticipated, and feared that the courage of his men would be affected by their cramped position., leaving behind him numerous fires to deceive the enemy, he silently led the legions out. the camps were so near each other that he could not elude their observation.
38.4. ubi propiorem spe dimicationem vidit, ne militum virtuti damno locus esset, ignibus crebris relictis, qui conspectum hostium frustrarentur, silentio legiones educit; nec tamen fallere propter propinquitatem castrorum potuit.
38.5. cavalry at once pursued him, but though they hung upon the fringe of his column, they refrained from attacking until the day began to break; as for the infantry, they did not even leave their stockade before the dawn.
38.5. extemplo insecutus ita institit agmini ut, donec done lucesceret, proelio abstineret; ne pedestres quidem copiae ante lucem castris egressae.
38.6. , when it was light, the cavalry ventured to charge the Romans, and by harassing their rear and pressing them when they came to places that were difficult to cross, delayed their march.
38.6. luce demum ausus incursare in hostem, carpendo novissimos premendoque iniquis ad transitum locis, agmen detinuit. pedes equitem adsecutus, et totis iam copiis Samnis urgebat.
38.7. the foot had caught up with the horse, and the Samnites were throwing all their forces into the assault. the dictator, finding that he could make no headway without great distress, gave orders to lay out a camp on the very spot where he had halted. enveloped, as they were, by the enemy's horse, it was impossible to gather stakes and begin the work.
38.7. dictator, postquam sine magno incommodo incolmmodo progredi non poterat, eum ipsum in quo constiterat locum castris dimetari iussit. vero circumfuso undique equitatu—ut vallum peteretur opusque inciperet—fieri non poterat.
38.8. so, when he saw that he could neither advance nor encamp, he removed the baggage from his column and formed a line of battle. The enemy then formed up against him, being inferior neither in spirit nor in strength.
38.8. ubi neque eundi neque manendi copiam esse videt, instruit aciem, impedimentis ex agmine remotis. contra et hostes, et animis et viribus pares.
38.9. encouragement was due chiefly to ignorance that their enemies had retreated from an awkward position, and not from them; for they assumed that their own doughty appearance had driven the Romans before them in a panic.
38.9. id maxime animos quod ignari loco iniquo, non hosti cessum, velut fugientes ac territos terribiles ipsi secuti fuerant.
38.10. held the fighting in balance for a while, though the Samnites had now for some time been unused to abide the battle —cry of a Roman army. it is said that on that day from the third hour to the eighth the outcome was so much in doubt, that there was never a second cheer after that which was once given when the armies rushed together; nor were standards either moved forward or withdrawn; nor did the combatants anywhere give ground.
38.10. aliquamdiu aequavit pugnam, iam pridem desueto Samnite clamorem Romani exercitus pati; et hercule illo die ab hora diei tertia ad octavam ita anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, ut neque clamor, ut primo semel concursu est sublatus, iteratus sit, neque signa promota loco retrove recepta, neque recursum ab ulla sit parte.
38.11. each other with every man squarely in his place, they pressed forward with their shields and fought without stopping to breathe or to look behind. The monotonous din and changeless tenor of the battle made it seem probable that sheer exhaustion or the night would put an end to it.
38.11. suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant; fremitus aequalis tenorque idem pugnae in defatigationem ultimam aut noctem spectabat.
38.12. now men's strength was ebbing, and the sword was forgetting its keenness and the generals their strategy; —when the Samnite horsemen, learning from one of their squadrons that had pushed on ahead how the baggage of the Romans lay remote from their fighting men, without defenders or a rampart to protect it, were seized with the lust of pillaging, and made a sudden dash for it.
38.12. viris vires, iam ferro sua vis, iam consilia ducibus deerant, cum subito Samnitium equites, cum turma una longius provecta accepissent impedimenta Romanorum procul ab armatis sine praesidio, sine munimento stare, aviditate praedae impetum faciunt.
38.13. when a frightened messenger brought word of this to the dictator, he said, “let them cumber themselves with spoil!” that came others and still others, crying aloud that the soldiers' possessions were being plundered and carried clean away.
38.13. ubi dictatori trepidus nuntius attulit, modo inquit, sese praeda praepediant. deinde super alios diripi passim ferrique fortunas militum vociferabantur.
38.14. Cornelius called the master of the horse and said, “you not see, Marcus Fabius, how the enemy's cavalry have ceased to fight?”
38.14. magistro equitum accito tu inquit, M. Fabi, ab hostium equite omissam pugnam? impediti impedimentis nostris.
38.15. “are caught fast and entangled in our baggage. at them while they are dispersed, as any body of men will be in pillaging! shall find few in the saddle, few sword in hand; while they are loading themselves and their horses with spoils, cut them down unarmed and make it a bloody booty for them.”
38.15. , quod inter praedandum omni multitudini evenit, dissipatos dissipates; raros equis insidentes, raros, quibus ferrum in manu sit, invenies; sese equosque dum praeda onerant, caede inermes cruentamque illis praedam redde.
38.16. “will see to the legions and the battle of the infantry; be yours the glory of the cavalry fight.” The cavalry, drawn up in the most perfect order, charged their scattered and embarrassed enemies and cut them down on every hand. had hastily flung aside their packs —which lay all about and impeded the terrified horses as they tried to run away —and, powerless either to resist or to escape, were massacred where they stood.
38.16. legiones peditumque pugna curae erunt; penes te equestre sit decus. acies, qualis quae esse instructissima potest, invecta in dissipatos dissipates impeditosque hostes caede omnia replet. sarcinas omissas repente, obiacentes pedibus fugientium consternatorumque equorum, neque pugnae neque fugae satis potentes caeduntur.
39.3. Marcus Fabius, having almost annihilated the enemy's cavalry, fetched a short compass with his squadrons and attacked from behind their line of infantry.
39.3. deleto prope equitatu hostium M. Fabius circumductis paulum alis ab tergo pedestrem aciem adoritur.
39.4. The shouts that were now heard in that quarter struck terror into the hearts of the Samnites; and the dictator, seeing the men in their fighting line glance nervously behind them, and their standards become disordered, and their line begin to waver, then cried out to his men, then urged them on, and called by name on tribunes and company —commanders to join him in a new attack.
39.4. inde novus accidens et Samnitium terruit animos, et dictator, ubi respectantes hostium antesignanos turbataque signa et fluctuantem aciem vidit, tum appellare, tum adhortari milites, tribunos principesque ordinum nominatim ad iterandam secum pugnam vocare. clamore signa inferuntur;
39.5. a fresh cheer the ranks pressed forward, and at each advance perceived the Samnites to be more and more confused. The horse themselves could now be seen by those in the van; and Cornelius, looking back on the maniples of soldiers, made them understand as best he could with hand and voice that he saw the banners and round shields of their comrades.
39.5. et quidquid progrediebantur, magis magisque turbatos, hostes cernebant. ipse iam primis erat in conspectu, et Cornelius respiciens ad manipulos militum, quod manu, quod voce poterat, monstrabat vexilla se suorum parmasque cernere equitum.
39.7. hearing and at the same time seeing them, they straightway forgot the toil they had endured for well —nigh the entire day, and forgot their wounds, and, like troops who were but that moment fresh from camp and had received the battle —signal, they flung themselves upon the enemy.
39.7. ubi auditum simul visumque est, adeo repente laboris per diem paene totum tolerati volnerumque obliti sunt, ut haud secus quam si tum integri e castris signum pugnae accepissent concitaverint se in hostem hosted.
39.8. The Samnites could support no longer the fury of the cavalry and the violent onset of the foot; some were slaughtered in the midst, others were scattered abroad in flight.
39.8. ultra Samnis tolerare terrorem equitum peditumque vim potuit; partim in medio caesi, partim in fugam dissipati sunt.
39.9. The foot —soldiers surrounded those who resisted and put them to the sword; the cavalry made havoc of the fugitives, amongst whom perished their general himself.
39.9. restantes ac circumventos cecidit: ab equite fugientium strages est facta, inter quos et ipse imperator cecidit.
39.10. defeat, after all that had gone before, so broke the spirit of the Samnites, that in all their councils they began to murmur that it was no wonder if they met with no success in an impious war, undertaken in violation of a treaty, for the gods had even more right than men to be incensed with them.
39.10. demum proelium Samnitium res ita infregit, ut omnibus conciliis fremerent minime id quidem mirum esse, si impio bello et contra foedus suscepto, infestioribus merito deis quam hominibus nihil prospere agerent; expiandum id bellum magna mercede luendumque esse;
39.11. would have to pay a heavy price to expiate this war and atone for it; the only question was, should they offer atonement with the blood of the guilty few or with that of the innocent multitude? ventured at this juncture to name those who had been responsible for the war.
39.11. id referre tantum, utrum supplicia noxio paucorum an omnium innoxio praebeant sanguine; audebantque iam quidam nominare auctores armorum.
39.12. name in particular could be distinguished; for all agreed in denouncing Papius Brutulus, a powerful noble who had without question been the breaker of the latest truce.
39.12. maxime nomen per consensum clamantium Brutuli Papi exaudiebatur. nobilis potensque erat, haud baud dubie proximarum indutiarum ruptor.
39.13. The praetors were compelled to refer his case to the council, which decreed that Papius Brutulus should be surrendered to the Romans, and that all the Roman booty and all the prisoners should be sent with him to Rome; and further, that all the property which the fetials had sought to recover under the provisions of the treaty should be restored in compliance with law and with religion.
39.13. eo coacti referre, praetores decretum fecerunt, ut Brutulus Papius Romanis dederetur et cum eo praeda omnis Romana captivique ut Romam mitterentur, quaeque res per fetiales ex foedere repetitae essent secundum ius fasque restituerentur.
39.14. The fetials proceeded to Rome, in accordance with this resolution, taking with them the lifeless body of Brutulus, who had escaped the humiliation and punishment by a voluntary death.
39.14. Romam, ut censuerunt, missi, et corpus Brutuli exanime; ipse morte voluntaria ignominiae se ac supplicio subtraxit.
39.15. was voted to surrender his goods also with his body. of all these things the Romans would accept none but the prisoners and such articles of booty as they recognized as theirs; the surrender of all the rest was of no effect. The dictator triumphed by resolution of the senate.
39.15. cum corpore bona quoque eius dedi. tamen earum rerum praeter captivos ac si qua cognita ex praeda sunt acceptum est; ceterarum rerum inrita fuit deditio. ex senatus consulto triumphavit. bellum a consulibus bellatum quidam auctores sunt, eosque de Samnitibus triumphasse; Fabium etiam in Apuliam processisse atque inde magnas praedas egisse.
40.2. writers hold that this war was waged by the consuls, and that it was they who triumphed over the Samnites; they say that Fabius even advanced into Apulia and thence drove off much booty. that Aulus Cornelius was dictator in that year is not disputed, and the doubt is only whether he was appointed to administer the war, or in order that there might be somebody to give the signal to the chariots at the Roman Games —since the praetor, Lucius Plautius, happened to be very sick —and whether, having discharged this office, which is, to be sure, no very noteworthy exercise of power, he resigned the dictatorship.
40.2. discrepat quin dictator eo anno A. Cornelius fuerit; id ambigitur, belline gerendi causa creatus sit, an ut esset qui ludis Romanis, quia L. Plautius praetor gravi morbo forte implicitus erat, signum mittendis quadrigis daret functusque eo haud sane memorandi imperii ministerio se dictatura abdicaret.
40.3. is not easy to choose between the accounts or the authorities.
40.3. facile est aut rem rei aut auctorem auctori praeferre.
40.4. The records have been vitiated, I think, by funeral eulogies and by lying inscriptions under portraits, every family endeavouring mendaciously to appropriate victories and magistracies to itself —a practice which has certainly wrought confusion in the achievements of individuals and in the public memorials of events.
40.4. memoriam funebribus laudibus reor falsisque imaginum titulis, dum familiae ad se quaeque famam rerum gestarum honorumque fallenti mendacio trahunt;
40.5. is there extant any writer contemporary with that period, on whose authority we may safely take our stand. IN the following year came the Caudine Peace, the notorious sequel of a disaster to the Roman arms. Titus Veturius Calvinus and Spurius Postumius were consuls. The Samnites had that year for their general Gaius Pontius, whose father Herennius far excelled them all in wisdom, while the son was their foremost warrior and captain.
40.5. inde certe et singulorum gesta et publica monumenta rerum confusa. quisquam aequalis temporibus illis scriptor exstat, quo satis certo auctore stetur. SEQUITUR hunc annum nobilis clade Romana Caudina pax T. Veturio Calvino Sp. Postumio consulibus. Samnites eo anno imperatorem C. Pontium Herenni filium habuerunt, patre longe prudentissimo natum, primum ipsum bellatorem ducemque.